NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 190

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 190

BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Understory Flux,

Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, and Zoran Nesic

University of British Columbia, Vancouver

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022503 2018-05-14T19:18:56+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 190

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 190

BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Understory Flux,

Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, and Zoran Nesic

University of British Columbia, Vancouver

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Understory Flux, Meteorological, and Soil

Temperature Data

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, Zoran Nesic

Summary

The BOREAS TF-1 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and momentum flux data under the canopy

along with meteorological and soils data at the BOREAS SSA-OA site from mid-October to

mid-November of 1993 and throughout all of 1994. The data are available in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-01 SSA-OA Understory Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The Tower Flux (TF)-01 team collected understory measurements of heat, carbon dioxide, and

momentum fluxes along with meteorological, soil temperature, soil moisture, snow temperature, and

tree bole temperature data at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Southern Study

Area (SSA) Old Aspen (OA) tower site. These measurements were made in conjunction with

above-canopy and profile measurements made at this site by the TF-02 group. The understory data

were collected from mid-October to mid-November of 1993 and throughout all of 1994.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

The general objective was to study carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange between the forest

and atmosphere at the SSA-OA site. Specific objectives were:

• To measure the fluxes of sensible heat, H20 and CO2 above the aspen stand throughout the

year.

• To obtain from the CO2 flux data estimates of gross photosynthesis and respiration.

• To determine the contribution of the hazelnut understory to net ecosystem productivity (NEP).

• To determine the effects of environmental factors on stand evapotranspiration and NEP.

• To take part in the development of procedures for scaling up component fluxes to the stand

level.

• To study the processes controlling turbulent transfer of H20 and CO2 within the stand.

• To take part in the evaluation of methods of estimating nocturnal CO2 in and above the stand.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

The following variables were measured from a 4-m tower under the aspen canopy: latent heat flux,

sensible heat flux, CO2 flux, CO2 concentration, momentum flux, Bowen ratio, air temperature, wind

speed and direction, friction velocity, water vapor concentration, and relative humidity. Other

measurements collected to describe the soil and forest: soil heat flux, soil temperature, soil water

potential, soil water content, tree bole temperatures, snow temperatures, net radiation, Photosynthetic

Photon Flux Density (PPFD) transmitted through the canopy, and air pressure.

1.5 Discussion

In 1993 and 1994, the TF-01 group measured fluxes under the canopy at the SSA-OA site, while

the TF-02 group measured above-canopy fluxes and profiles at that site. In 1996, the TF-01 group

moved its equipment to the top of the 39 meter tower to measure above-canopy fluxes. This document

describes the 1993 and 1994 under-canopy data collection effort.

The fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, latent heat (water vapor), and carbon dioxide using the

eddy correlation method were measured at the 6-m height in 1993 and the 4 m height in 1994. These

measurements were made on a 6 m tall scaffold tower located above 40 m south of the main flux tower

at the OA site. The eddy correlation system consisted of 3-dimensional sonic anemometer (model

1012R2A (Solent) Gill Instruments, Lymington, UK) with a 15 cm path length, an infrared gas

(CO2/H20) analyzer (IRGA) (model 6262, LI-COR, Inc., Lincoln, NE) and a krypton open-path

hygrometer (model KH20, Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan, UT). Air was drawn at 8.0 L/rain down

3 m of 3.2 mm inner diameter (i.d.) sampling tubing (model Bev-a-line, Thermoplastic Processes,

Inc., Sterling, NJ), then down 1.7 m of copper tubing (3 mm i.d.) coiled and sandwiched between

two aluminum plates within the same housing as the analyzer and then through the analyzer's sample

cell. To prevent condensation in the sampling tubing, it was heated (2-3 °C above ambient) by passing

an electric current through 20-AWG nichrome wire (about 15 ohms resistance) coiled around the

exterior of the tubing. The pump (model DOA-V 191-AA diaphragm pump, Gast, Inc., Dayton, OH)

was located down stream of the sample cell resulting in the sample cell pressure being about 22 kPa

less than atmospheric pressure. The delay time was 0.8 s. The IRGA was operated in absolute mode

with dry air at zero CO2 concentration flowing through the reference cell at 25 cm3/min. The KH20

hygrometer was operated continuously to evaluate signal delay time and any attenuation resulting from

the sample tubing (Leuning and King, 1992; Lee et al., 1994).

Supporting measurements included soil heat flux at the 3 cm depth measured using nine soil heat

flux plates (two model F, Middleton Instruments, Melbourne, Australia, and seven home-made,

following Fuchs and Tanner (1968)) along a 20 m transect: average temperature of the surface 3 cm of

the forest floor using two integrating thermometers; a soil temperature profile at depths of 2, 5, 10, 20,

50, and 100 cm (CSI direct-burial copper-constantan thermocouples); snow temperature (30-gauge

chromel-constantan thermocouples); tree bole temperatures at 0.2, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 15.8 cm

(thermocouple wire); net radiation and PPFD (Swissteco net radiometer and LI-COR quantum sensor

carried on a tram that traveled back and forth along a 65 m transect on two steel wires suspended 3-4 m

above the ground) above the understory; air humidity below (model HMP-35C sensor, Vaisala, Inc.,

Page 2
Woburn,MA) theoverstory;wind speedanddirectionbelowtheoverstory(model05031vane

propelleranemometer,R.M. YoungCo.,TraverseCity, MI); andprecipitationmeasuredusinga

weighingrain gauge(BelfortInstrumentCo.,Baltimore,MD).

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TF-01 SSA-OA Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

BOREAS TF-01 SSA-OA Soil Characteristics Data

BOREAS TF-02 SSA-OA Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

BOREAS TF-09 SSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator Name and Title

Prof. T. Andy Black

University of British Columbia

Department of Soil Science

2.2 Title of Investigation

Boreal Forest Atmosphere Interactions: Exchanges of Energy, Water Vapor and Trace Gases

(SSA-OA)

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Mr. Zoran Nesic

University of British Columbia

Department of Soil Science

2357 Main Mall Rm. 139

Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 CANADA

(604) 822-3479, 822-5654 (Lab)

(604) 822-8639 (fax)

NESIC@PPC.UBC.CA

Contact 2:

Prof. T. Andy Black

University of British Columbia

Department of Soil Science

2357 Main Mall Rm. 139

Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 CANADA

(604) 822-2730

(604) 822-8639 (fax)

ablack@unixg.ubc.ca

Contact 3:

K. Fred Huemmrich

University of Maryland

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-4862

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Karl.Huemmrich@gsfc.nasa.gov

Page 3
3. Theory of Measurements

Measurements of the fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapor, and CO2 were made with the

eddy covariance technique. Velocity components, air temperature, water vapor density, and CO2

concentration in the air were sampled rapidly, and calculations of relevant covariances were performed

from these samples to obtain the fluxes. For example, the flux of CO2 was determined as follows:

F c = w'c'

where w' is the departure of the vertical velocity component from its mean over the averaging interval,

usually 30 minute, and c' is the departure of CO2 concentration from its mean.

At the overstory level, three rotations in the coordinate transformation are applied to the flux data to

make the lateral component (v '), vertical component (w '), and covariance (u 'v ') of the wind vector

equal to zero. At the understory level, however, only the mean lateral wind velocity component was

rotated to zero under the suspicion that nonzero mean vertical velocities are possible within the trunk

space. Webb, Pearman, and Leuning (1980) (WPL) corrections were made to the water vapor and

carbon dioxide fluxes measured using the closed-path LI-COR 6262 infrared gas analyzer (IRGA).

Broadening correction was done, but not on-line (see Chen et al., 1998, for summary of theory).

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were collected from mid-April to the end of 1996. Over that time period,

temperature conditions from less than -10 °C to over 25 °C were experienced.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

A 37-m walkup scaffold main tower and a 6-m scaffold tower about 40 m from the main tower.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective of the flux tower was to support instrumentation for the study of the fluxes of CO2,

energy, water vapor, and momentum between the forest and atmosphere at the SSA-OA.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Variables measured using eddy covariance: CO2 and water vapor fluxes, momentum fluxes,

sensible heat fluxes, and latent heat fluxes.

Supporting meteorological variables: net radiation and PPFD under the canopy, wind speed, wind

direction, air temperature, relative and absolute humidity, air temperature, soil temperature, soil heat

flux, soil moisture, soil water potential, snow temperature, tree bole temperature, and precipitation.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

A sonic anemometer determines the wind speed by a pair of transducers acting alternately as

transmitters and receivers, sending pulses of high-frequency ultrasound between themselves. The 3-D

sonic has three pairs of transducers arranged in nonparallel axes.

The LI-COR 6262 CO2/[-IzO analyzer is based on the difference in absorption of infrared radiation

passing through two gas sampling cells. The reference cell is used for a gas of known CO2 or H20

concentration, and the sample cell is used for a gas of unknown concentration. Infrared radiation is

transmitted through both cell paths, and the output of the analyzer is proportional to the difference in

absorption between the two.

The principles of operation of most of the supporting instruments can be found in Pearcy et al.

(1991) and Fritschen and Gay (1979).

Page 4
4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Beneath aspen canopy flux measurement sensors were supported by a 2.1-m-long horizontal boom

at a bearing of 238 ° fastened to the side of 6-m-tall scaffold-type understory tower located

approximately 40 m from the main tower.

Under-canopy measurements included soil heat flux measured at the 3-cm depth using nine soil

heat flux plates (two model F, Middleton Instruments, Melbourne, Australia, and seven homemade,

following Fuchs and Tanner (1968)) along a 20-m transect; average temperature of the surface 3 cm of

the forest floor using two integrating thermometers, a soil temperature profile at depths of 2, 5, 10, 20,

50, and 100 cm (CSI direct-burial copper-constantan thermocouples), and tree bole temperatures at

0.2, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 15.8 cm into the bole (thermocouple wire).

Tree bole temperatures were measured in aspen trees using thermocouples placed in the bole at

several depths determined from the north side of the tree. The temperatures were measured at 3.12 m

height for the 0.2 cm depth, 3.16 m height for the 4.0 cm depth, 3.18 m height for the 8.0 cm depth

(the center of the bole), at 3.16 m height for the 12 cm depth (4 cm depth from south side), and at 3.12

m height for the 15.8 cm depth (0.2 cm depth from south side). In addition, a measurement of the

hazelnut stem temperature was made at 0.7 m height and 0.2 cm depth.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Solent sonic anemometer:

Gill Instruments Limited

Solent House

Cannon Street

Lymington

Hampshire

SO41 9BR

United Kingdom

DAT-310 sonic anemometer:

Kaijo-Denki Co., Ltd.

No 19.1 Chrome Kanda-Nishikicho

Chiyoda-Ku

Tokyo 101

Japan

LI-COR LI-6262 IRGA, 190-SB PPFD, and LAI-2000 PCA:

LI-COR, Inc.

P.O. Box 4425/4421

Superior Street

Lincoln, NE 68504

(303) 499-1701

(303) 499-1767 (fax)

KH20 krypton hygrometer:

Campbell Scientific

P.O. Box 551

Logan, UT 84321

CN- 1 net radiometer:

Middleton Instruments, Inc.

P.O. Box 442

South Melbourne

Victoria, 3205

Australia

Page 5
S-1netradiometer:

SwisstecoInstrumentsInc.

Stegweg,Eichenwies,CH-94633OBERRIETSG

Switzerland

PSPpyranometerandPIRpyrgeometer:

TheEppleyLaboratory,Inc.

12ShefieldAve.

P.O.Box 419

Newport,RI 02840

(401)847-1020

(401)847-1031(fax)

05031vanepropelleranemometer:

R.M. YoungCo.

TraverseCity, MI

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-234

(801)752-3268

Soil temperature(burial)CampbellThermocouple,Copper-constantanthermocouple:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

4000IR thermometer:

EverestInterscience,Inc.

P.O.Box 3640

Fullerton,CA 92634-3640

(714)992-4461

M1 dewpointhygrometer(with D2sensor):

GeneralEasternInstrumentsCorp.

Watertown,MA

HMP-35CVaisalahumidity sensor:

Vaisala,Inc.

Woburn,MA

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

LoganUT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

Page6
Soil heatflux plate(modelF):

MiddletonInstruments,Inc.

P.O.Box 442

SouthMelbourne

Victoria,3205

Australia

Timedomainreflectometry(TDR):

G.S. GabelCorp.

Victoria,BC, Canada

CS105Barometer:

Vaisala,Inc.

Woburn,MA

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

TE525Tipping-bucketraingauge:

TexasElectronics

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

Weighingraingauge:

Belfort InstrumentCo.

1600S.ClintonStreet

Baltimore,MD 21224

21x,CR10Dataloggingsystem:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

TD-4X2N diaphragmpump:

BrailsfordCo.

670Milton Road

Rye,NY 10580

(914)967-1820

(914)967-1836(fax)

Page7
DOA-V191-AAdiaphragmpump:

Gast,Inc.

P.O.Box 97

BentonHarbor,MI

(616)926-6171

(616)925-8288(fax)

Bev-a-linetube:

ThermoplasticProcesses,Inc.

SterlingNS

Dekorontubing:

Wirex ControlsLtd.

9446McLaughlinRoadN. Unit #27

Brampton,ON

Canada,L6X 4H9

(905)459-0742

(905)450-8216

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

In 1994, zeroing and calibration of the LI-6262 IRGA was done manually, using 350 ppm CO2

cylinders (Medigas) calibrated using TF02 (AES) cylinders and a LI-COR dewpoint generator.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

CO2 concentration was accurate to within __ 1 mmol/mol.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Not given.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

The eddy covariance system consisted of a 3-D sonic anemometer/thermometer (SOLENT 1012R2A)

for detecting the three velocity components and air temperature, the latter being derived from the speed

of sound following Kaimal and Gaynor (1991), an open-path H20 krypton gas analyzer for measuring

water vapor density in the air, and a closed-path dual H20/CO2 IRGA (LI-COR 6262) for measuring

water vapor density and CO2 concentration in the air.

The Solent sampled the wind speed components at 20.83 Hz, and its analog-to digital converter

sampled the LI-COR signals at 10 Hz. Prior to sampling, the latter signals had been passed through a

passive filter with a 7 Hz cut-off frequency. Spectral analysis showed that frequencies above 1 Hz

made almost no contribution to fluxes.

For the flux system, all raw data were recorded using PC systems with backup tape drives.

Half-hour fluxes were calculated online. For other measurements, all those data were recorded by data

loggers (model 21X, Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan, UT), which were networked together, using

the model MD-9 network interface, along with the main system. Every 3 hours, this network

automatically transferred (using PC ANYWHERE software, Symantec Corp.) all data from the loggers

to a network computer.

Page 8
6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

None.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All data were collected at the BOREAS SSA-OA site in the Prince Albert National Park (PANP).

North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates for the site are:

• SSA-OA: latitude 53.62889 ° N, longitude 106.19779 ° W, and elevation of 600.63 m.

The understory measurements were collected from a 6-m scaffold tower about 40 m from the main

tower.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Although the eddy covariance measurement is made at one point, it is well known that the fluxes

measured with this technique can represent fluxes averaged over a relatively large area. An analysis of

the upwind land surface area that contributes to a scalar flux measurement, often referred to as "fetch"

or "footprint," is crucial in understanding the origins of the flux and any possible influences of spatial

heterogeneity. According to Blanken's (1997) results (using Schuepp et al., 1990, model), the

cumulative flux at 39 m reached 80% of the total flux at an upwind distance of 1,200 m under neutral

conditions, 900 m under typical daytime stability conditions, and 2,700 m under typical nighttime

stability conditions. The corresponding values for the 4-m height (above the understory) were 130, 80,

and 300 m. Baldocchi (1997) suggests the latter values are overestimates.. From the above results,

there was adequate fetch at the OA site because the forest extended for at least 3 kin in all directions.

7.1.4 Projection

None.

7.1.5 Grid Description

None.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Under-canopy data were collected from 12-October to 13-November-1993 and from 01-January to

31-December- 1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The data reported are 30-minute statistical mean values.

Page 9
7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX BELOW CNPY

LIC LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

KRYPTON LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

NET RAD 10CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 2

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 3

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 5

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

MEAN SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

SOIL HEAT STORAGE RATE

SURFACE SOIL HEAT FLUX

CO2 FLUX BELOW CNPY

MEAN CO2 CONC 4M

SDEV CO2 CONC 4M

BOWEN RATIO 4M

KINEM MOMENT FLUX 4M

DOWN PPFD 10CM

WIND DIR 4M

WIND SPEED 4M

FRICTION VEL 4M

WIND SPEED RESULTANT VECTOR 4M

WIND DIR RESULTANT 4M

MEAN U WIND SPEED 4M

MEAN W WIND SPEED 4M

VAR W WIND SPEED 4M

SDEV W WIND SPEED 4M

ABS HUM 4M

MEAN LIC ABS HUM 4M

SDEV LIC ABS HUM 4M

MEAN KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

SDEV KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

MEAN AIR TEMP 4M

SDEV AIR TEMP 4M

SOLENT AIR TEMP 4M

SOIL TEMP 2CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

Page 10
SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

MEAN SOIL TEMP INT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

GRAV SOIL WATER CONTENT 3CM

REL HUM 4M

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

HAZEL BOLE TEMP 2MM

SNOW IRT TEMP

SNOW TEMP 6CM

SNOW TEMP 12CM

SNOW TEMP 18CM

SNOW TEMP 24CM

SNOW TEMP 30CM

SNOW TEMP 36CM

SURF PRESS

DATA QUALITY FLAG

COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX BELOW CNPY

LIC LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

KRYPTON LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

data collection.

The sensible heat flux measured below the canopy.

The latent heat flux measured with the LI-COR

instrument at 4 m height.

The latent heat flux measured with the Krypton

instrument at 4 m height.

Page 11
NET RAD 10CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 2

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 3

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 5

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

MEAN SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

SOIL HEAT STORAGE RATE

SURFACE SOIL HEAT FLUX

CO2 FLUX BELOW CNPY

MEAN CO2 CONC 4M

SDEV CO2 CONC 4M

BOWEN RATIO 4M

KINEM MOMENT FLUX 4M

DOWN PPFD 10CM

WIND DIR 4M

WIND SPEED 4M

FRICTION VEL 4M

The net radiation measured at i0 cm above the

ground.

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

1

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

2

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

3

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

4

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

5

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

6

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

7

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

8

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

9

The mean soil heat flux at 3 cm, the average of

the 9 soil heat flux plates.

The soil heat flux measured at 8 cm depth.

Rate of change of the heat storage in the 0-3 cm

soil layer calculated using the MEAN SOIL HEAT

FLUX 3CM and GRAV SOIL WATER CONTENT 3CM.

Soil surface heat flux, the sum of MEAN SOIL

HEAT FLUX 3CM and SOIL HEAT STORAGE RATE.

The carbon dioxide flux measured below the

canopy.

The mean carbon dioxide concentration measured at

4 m above the ground.

The standard deviation of the carbon dioxide

concentration measured at 4 m above the ground.

The Bowen Ratio at 4 m above ground level.

Kinematic momentum flux density measured at 4 m

above the ground.

The incoming photosynthetic photon flux density

measured at i0 cm above the ground.

The wind direction measured at 4 m above ground

level.

Mean horizontal wind speed measured at 4 m.

The friction velocity measured at 4 m height

above the ground.

WIND SPEED RESULTANT VECTOR 4M Resultant mean horizontal wind speed at 4 m above

WIND DIR RESULTANT 4M

MEAN U WIND SPEED 4M

MEAN W WIND SPEED 4M

VAR W WIND SPEED 4M

the ground.

The resultant mean horizontal wind direction at

4 m above the ground.

Mean streamwise wind speed at 4 m above ground

level.

Mean vertical wind speed at 4 m above ground

level.

Variance of the vertical wind velocity measured

at 4 m above ground level.

Page 12
SDEV W WIND SPEED 4M

ABS HUM 4M

MEAN LIC ABS HUM 4M

SDEV LIC ABS HUM 4M

MEAN KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

SDEV KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

MEAN AIR TEMP 4M

SDEV AIR TEMP 4M

SOLENT AIR TEMP 4M

SOIL TEMP 2CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

MEAN SOIL TEMP INT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

GRAV SOIL WATER CONTENT 3CM

REL HUM 4M

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

HAZEL BOLE TEMP 2MM

SNOW IRT TEMP

SNOW TEMP 6CM

SNOW TEMP 12CM

SNOW TEMP 18CM

Standard deviation of the vertical wind velocity

measured at 4 m above ground level.

The absolute humidity measured at 4 m above the

ground.

Absolute humidity measured using a LI-COR

instrument at 4 m above ground level.

Standard deviation of absolute humidity measured

using a LI-COR instrument at 4 m above ground

level.

Absolute humidity measured using a Krypton

instrument at 4 m above ground level.

Standard deviation of absolute humidity measured

using a Krypton instrument at 4 m above ground

level.

The mean air temperature measured at 4 m above

the ground.

The standard deviation of the air temperature

measured at 4 m above the ground.

The air temperature at 4 m above ground level,

measured by the Solent sonic anemometer using the

speed of sound relationship.

Soil temperature at 2 cm depth.

Soil temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm.

Soil temperature at a depth of i0 cm.

Soil temperature at 20 cm depth.

Soil temperature measured at 50 cm depth.

The soil temperature recorded at 1 m in depth.

The temperature of the 0-3 cm surface layer

during the last 1 minute of the half hour. The

average of two integrating thermometers.

The soil water potential at 3 cm depth.

The soil water potential at 6 cm depth.

The soil water potential at 46 cm depth.

Gravimetric soil water content of the 0-3 cm

soil layer.

The relative humidity measured at 4 m above the

ground level.

Tree bole temperature at 0.2 cm depth from north

side.

Tree bole temperature at 4 cm depth from north

side.

Tree bole temperature at 8 cm depth from north

side.

Tree bole temperature at 12 cm depth from north

side.

Tree bole temperature at 15.8 cm depth from

north side.

The temperature at a depth of 0.2 cm inside the

stem of a hazelnut plant.

Snow surface temperature measured with an

infrared thermometer.

Snow temperature 6 cm above ground level.

Snow temperature 12 cm above ground level.

Snow temperature 18 cm above ground level.

Page 13
SNOW TEMP 24CM

SNOW TEMP 30CM

SNOW TEMP 36CM

SURF PRESS

DATA QUALITY FLAG

COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Snow temperature 24 cm above ground level.

Snow temperature 30 cm above ground level.

Snow temperature 36 cm above ground level.

The atmospheric pressure measured at the station.

Data quality flags, see documentation for

description of codes.

Descriptive information to clarify or enhance

the understanding of the other entered data.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX BELOW CNPY

LIC LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

KRYPTON LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

NET RAD 10CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 2

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 3

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 5

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

MEAN SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

SOIL HEAT STORAGE RATE

SURFACE SOIL HEAT FLUX

CO2 FLUX BELOW CNPY

MEAN CO2 CONC 4M

SDEV CO2 CONC 4M

BOWEN RATIO 4M

KINEM MOMENT FLUX 4M

DOWN PPFD 10CM

WIND DIR 4M

WIND SPEED 4M

FRICTION VEL 4M

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[micromoles] [meters^-2] [second^-l]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[unitless]

[meter^2] [second^-2]

[micromoles] [meters^-2] [second^-l]

[degrees from North]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

WIND SPEED RESULTANT VECTOR 4M [meters] [second^-l]

WIND DIR RESULTANT 4M [degrees from North]

MEAN U WIND SPEED 4M [meters] [second^-l]

MEAN W WIND SPEED 4M [meters] [second^-l]

Page 14
VAR W WIND SPEED 4M

SDEV W WIND SPEED 4M

ABS HUM 4M

MEAN LIC ABS HUM 4M

SDEV LIC ABS HUM 4M

MEAN KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

SDEV KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

MEAN AIR TEMP 4M

SDEV AIR TEMP 4M

SOLENT AIR TEMP 4M

SOIL TEMP 2CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

MEAN SOIL TEMP INT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

GRAV SOIL WATER CONTENT 3CM

REL HUM 4M

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

HAZEL BOLE TEMP 2MM

SNOW IRT TEMP

SNOW TEMP 6CM

SNOW TEMP 12CM

SNOW TEMP 18CM

SNOW TEMP 24CM

SNOW TEMP 30CM

SNOW TEMP 36CM

SURF PRESS

DATA QUALITY FLAG

COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[meter^2] [second^-2]

[meters] [second^-l]

[grams] [meter^-3 ]

[grams] [meter^-3 ]

[grams] [meter^-3 ]

[grams] [meter^-3 ]

[grams] [meter^-3 ]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[MegaPascals]

[MegaPascals]

[MegaPascals]

[meter^3] [meter^-3]

[percent]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[kiloPascals]

[none]

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX BELOW CNPY

LIC LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

KRYPTON LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M

NET RAD 10CM

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[IRGA]

[krypton hygrometer]

[Net radiometer]

Page 15
SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM i

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 2

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 3

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 5

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

MEAN SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

SOIL HEAT STORAGE RATE

SURFACE SOIL HEAT FLUX

CO2 FLUX BELOW CNPY

MEAN CO2 CONC 4M

SDEV CO2 CONC 4M

BOWEN RATIO 4M

KINEM MOMENT FLUX 4M

DOWN PPFD 10CM

WIND DIR 4M

WIND SPEED 4M

FRICTION VEL 4M

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[quantum sensor]

[vane propeller anemometer]

[vane propeller anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

WIND SPEED RESULTANT VECTOR 4M [vane propeller anemometer] m m m

WIND DIR RESULTANT 4M

MEAN U WIND SPEED 4M

MEAN W WIND SPEED 4M

VAR W WIND SPEED 4M

SDEV W WIND SPEED 4M

ABS HUM 4M

MEAN LIC ABS HUM 4M

SDEV LIC ABS HUM 4M

MEAN KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

SDEV KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M

MEAN AIR TEMP 4M

SDEV AIR TEMP 4M

SOLENT AIR TEMP 4M

SOIL TEMP 2CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

MEAN SOIL TEMP INT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

GRAV SOIL WATER CONTENT 3CM

REL HUM 4M

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

HAZEL BOLE TEMP 2MM

[vane propeller anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[humidity sensor]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[krypton hygrometer]

[krypton hygrometer]

[thermometer]

[thermometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[integrating thermometer]

[gypsum soil moisture block]

[gypsum soil moisture block]

[gypsum soil moisture block]

[scale]

[humidity sensor]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

Page 16
SNOW IRT TEMP

SNOW TEMP 6CM

SNOW TEMP 12CM

SNOW TEMP 18CM

SNOW TEMP 24CM

SNOW TEMP 30CM

SNOW TEMP 36CM

SURF PRESS

DATA QUALITY FLAG

COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[infrared thermometer]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[barometer]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the p_ameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-9OA-FLXTR SSA-9OA-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF01-UNS01 9TF01-UNS01 None None None None

DATE OBS 12-OCT-93 31-DEC-94 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2344 None None None None

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX -4573 8845.4 -999 None None Blank

BELOW CNPY

LIC LATENT HEAT FLUX -299.61

4M

KRYPTON LATENT HEAT -8032

FLUX 4M

NET RAD 10CM -6.101

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1 -14.24

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 2 -17 04

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 3 -13 98

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4 -13 26

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 5 -15 34

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6 -15 34

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7 -14 76

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8 -i0 66

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9 -12 56

MEAN SOIL HEAT FLUX -3103.3

3CM

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM -10.93

SOIL HEAT STORAGE -45.74

RATE

SURFACE SOIL HEAT -3107.5

FLUX

CO2 FLUX BELOW CNPY -1461.3636

MEAN CO2 CONC 4M -14.465

SDEV CO2 CONC 4M 0

BOWEN RATIO 4M -6572.9

KINEM MOMENT FLUX 4M -144

DOWN PPFD 10CM -.19505

WIND DIR 4M -2.199

3162 -999 None None Blank

3431 -999 None None Blank

225.43

98.4

92.9

84.9

68.39

107.2

263.6

77 5

81 8

35 77

79 9

63 64

64 41

86 068

109.9614

553. 94

79.62

8628 .6

64 .4

2838.1

350 .79

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

None None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

-999 None None Blank

Page 17
WIND SPEED 4M 0

FRICTION VEL 4M .0008

WIND SPEED RESULTANT 0

VECTOR 4M

WIND DIR RESULTANT 0

4M

MEAN U WIND SPEED 4M .01

MEAN W WIND SPEED 4M -.ii

VAR W WIND SPEED 4M 0

SDEV W WIND SPEED 4M .01

ABS HUM 4M .9719

MEAN LIC ABS HUM 4M -.204

MEAN KRYPTON ABS HUM -2.364

4M

SDEV LIC ABS HUM 4M 0

SDEV KRYPTON ABS HUM .01

4M

MEAN AIR TEMP 4M

SDEV AIR TEMP 4M

SOLE_T AYR TE_P 4M

SOIL TEMP 2CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

MEAN SOIL TEMP INT

3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT

3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT

6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT

46CM

GRAV SOIL WATER

CONTENT 3CM

REL HUM 4M

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

HAZEL BOLE TEMP 2MM

SNOW IRT TEMP

SNOW TEMP 6CM

SNOW TEMP 12CM

SNOW TEMP 18CM

SNOW TEMP 24CM

SNOW TEMP 30CM

SNOW TEMP 36CM

SURF--PRESS

DATA QUALITY FLAG

COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

-ii .447

.017

-6. 948

-3. 69

-3.061

-2 .867

-2 .205

-. 965

-.227

-2 .563

.0272

.0292

.0261

.065

-129.47

-29 275

-29 392

-29 313

-29 173

-29 47

0

-35 627

-7.998

-9.293

-12.511

-15.011

-18.131

-23.509

59.95

N/A

N/A

CPI

18-AUG-99

49.732

3.6232

1.583

359. 92

1.83

.25

12.847

10.77

16.889

25.875

56.38

1.992

21 1

28 507

19 85

29 316

17 78

15 69

15 23

14 17

12 1

i0 21

19 985

699.9

699.9

36.21

.307

98.459

32 34

27 413

26 185

25 689

28 548

27 344

132.57

29 94

29 301

29 008

28 847

28 774

28 627

95 97

N/A

N/A

CPI

18-AUG-99

Page 18

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

None

-999

-999

None

None

None

-999

None

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

None

None
MinimumData Value -- The minimumvalue found in the column.

MaximumData Value -- The maximumvalue found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was madeto determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was madeto determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemedto be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was madeto determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was madeto

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIScombined several similar but

not identical data sets into the samedata base table

but this particular science team did not

measurethat parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX BELOW CNPY,

LIC LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M, KRYPTON LATENT HEAT FLUX 4M, NET RAD 10CM,

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 2,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 3,

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 5,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6,

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9,

MEAN SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM, SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM, SOIL HEAT STORAGE RATE,

SURFACE SOIL HEAT FLUX,CO2 FLUX BELOW CNPY,MEAN CO2 CONC 4M, SDEV CO2 CONC 4M,

BOWEN RATIO 4M, KINEM MOMENT FLUX 4M, DOWN PPFD 10CM, WIND DIR 4M, WIND SPEED 4M,

FRICTION VEL 4M, WIND SPEED RESULTANT VECTOR 4M, WIND DIR RESULTANT 4M,

MEAN U WIND SPEED 4M, MEAN W WIND SPEED 4M, VAR W WIND SPEED 4M,

SDEV W WIND SPEED 4M, ABS HUM 4M, MEAN LIC ABS HUM 4M, SDEV LIC ABS HUM 4M,

MEAN KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M, SDEV KRYPTON ABS HUM 4M, MEAN AIR TEMP 4M,

SDEV AIR TEMP 4M, SOLENT AIR TEMP 4M, SOIL TEMP 2CM, SOIL TEMP 5CM,

SOIL TEMP 10CM, SOIL TEMP 20CM, SOIL TEMP 50CM, SOIL TEMP 100CM,

MEAN SOIL TEMP INT 3CM, SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM, SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM,

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM, GRAV SOIL WATER CONTENT 3CM, REL HUM 4M, BOLE TEMP 2MM,

BOLE TEMP 4CM, BOLE TEMP 8CM, BOLE TEMP 12CM, BOLE TEMP 158MM, HAZEL BOLE TEMP 2MM,

SNOW IRT TEMP,SNOW TEMP 6CM, SNOW TEMP 12CM, SNOW TEMP 18CM, SNOW TEMP 24CM,

SNOW TEMP 30CM, SNOW TEMP 36CM, SURF PRESS,DATA QUALITY FLAG,COMMENTS,

CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', '9TF01-UNS01',01-JUN-94,0,2.823,8.352,,0.0,19.69,16.87,18.27,

16.64,22.21,22.27,16.6,13.89,14.53,17.886,21.53,-3.906,13.979,1.8751,372.23,,

.338,-.01,0.0,174.12,.077,.1007,.075,1.064,.24,.05,.005,,6.0113,8.425 ....

Page 19
19.352,,18.776,11.61,i0.13,9.65,8.43,6.581,4.878,13.845, .0312, .0315, .0291,

.223,36.096,20.391,20.443,19.513,19.942,20.314,0.0,16.586,18.392,18.203,

18.355,18.297,18.353,18.44,94.9, '', '', 'CPI',I8-AUG-99

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', '9TF01-UNS01',01-JUN-94,30,1.629,30.787,,0.0,18.37,15.83,

17.19,15.61,20.63,20.93,15.99,13.21,13.84,16.844,20.39,-.953,15.892,3.6043,

370.64,,.053,-.002,0.0,131.22,.008,.0329,.008,85.382,.14,.02,.007,,5.9139,

8.239 .... 19.167,,18.691,11.51,10.12,9.66,8.47,6.58,4.88,13.795,.0313,.0315,

.029,.223,35.878,20.233,20.34,19.73,20.018,20.261,0.0,16.567,18.197,18.024,

18.197,18.113,18.184,18.267,94.91, '', '', 'CPI',I8-AUG-99

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was data collected

at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

There are many equations and formulae used in the calculations of fluxes from the raw voltage

signals. Readers are referred to the relevant references for details.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

Averages, variances, and covariances are calculated in real time, and coordinate rotation is applied

on the half-hourly covariances and variances. WPL corrections were made to the water vapor and

carbon dioxide fluxes measured using the closed-path LI-COR 6262 IRGA.

BORIS staff processed these data by:

Reviewing the initial data files and loading them online for BOREAS team access.

Designing relational data base tables to inventory and store the data.

Loading the data into the relational data base tables.

Working with the team to document the data set.

Extracting the data into logical files.

Page 20
9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

WPL corrections were made to the water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes measured using the

closed-path LI-COR 6262 IRGA. Broadening correction was done, but not online (see Chen et al.,

1998, for summary of theory).

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

The Bowen ratio is the ratio of the sensible to latent heat flux. The soil heat storage rate is the rate

of change of heat storage in the 0-3 cm surface layer calculated from the gravimetric soil water content

and the mean integrated soil temperature. The soil surface heat flux density is the sum of the 3-cm soil

heat flux and the soil heat storage rate.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

See Black et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1998; Blanken, 1997; and Yang, 1998.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

See Section 10.2.1.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Data were checked and flagged for various conditions in the original data base at the University of

British Columbia (UBC) (Z. Nesic). Relatively little data were missing in 4-m measurements in 1994

and 39 m in 1996.

There are several sources of error in the measurements. These are coded, based on field notes, in

the COMMENTS colunm. The following are the definitions of these codes:

P = all sensors "parked" in a tower shelter for protection

(e.g. high winds).

Z : zero check on LI-COR

B = daily backup of data files

C = computer crash

S = starting time of a run, if not on the half hour

(e.g. S18:50:30) .

RK = rotated krypton 90 degrees

CK = cleaned krypton

SK = suspect snow on krypton

SS :

AP :

TC :

RT :

PF :

pp :

CS :

ZE :

suspect snow on sonic anemometer/thermometer

adjusted LI-COR sampling pump

zero gas tank change

repair zero gas tank

power failure

suspect pulp and paper mill influence

communication problem with sonic anemometer/thermometer

data compression error due to incorrect CPU time

Page 21
TheDATA_QUALITY FLAGcolumncontainsfour dataqualityflags:

• Flagoneis forthesonicanemometer/thermometer. Thelow statusof thisflag(0)indicates

problemswiththeanemometer/thermometer andits built-inAnalogto Digital (A/D) card.This

affectedall measurementscontainedin thisdatafile.

• Flagtwo isfor theclosed-pathanalyzer(LI-COR6262)in measuringCO2.Thelow statusof

thisflagindicatesthattheanalyzerwasnotperformedproperly.Themeasurementsof

MEAN_CO2_CONC_4M,SDEV_CO2_CONC_4M,andCO2_FLUX_BELOW_CNPYare

of poorquality.

• Flagthreeis for theclosed-pathanalyzer(LI-COR6262)in measuringH20. The low status of

this flag indicates that the analyzer was not performed properly. The measurements of

MEAN_LIC_ABS_HUM_4M, SDEV_LIC_ABS_HUM_4M, and

LIC_LATENT_HEAT_FLUX_4M are of poor quality.

• Flag four is for the open-path analyzer (krypton). The low status of this flag indicates

problems with this analyzer, mostly as a result of precipitation landing on the sensor.

Measurements made with this analyzer, including MEAN_KRYPTON_ABS_HUM 4M,

SDEV_KRYPTON_ABS_HUM 4M, and KRYPTON_LATENT_HEAT_FLUX_4M are

poor in quality. Some runs with this flag set high might also have be interfered by

precipitation. Users should therefore be careful in interpreting the measurements made with

this analyzer. Users are also advised to use MEAN_KRYPTON_ABS_HUM_4M only as the

absolute humidity measurement, because this type of open-path analyzers (K20) can have

substantial zero drift over a short time period.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined to check for spikes, values that are four standard deviations from the mean,

long periods of constant values, and missing data.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

See Section 10.2.1.

11.3 Usage Guidance

Read this document carefully or contact Drs. T.A. Black and Z. Chen.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

Page 22
12. Application of the Data Set

These data are useful for the study of water, energy, and carbon exchange in a mature aspen forest.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

Data collection from the SSA-OA tower continued after 1996. Contact Dr. T.A. Black for information

about these data.

14.1 Software Description

None.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The SSA-OA understory flux, meteorological, and soil temperature data are available from the Earth

Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

Page 23
16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Baldocchi, D.D. 1997. Flux footprints within and over forest canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorology,

85, 273-292.

Black, T.A., G. den Hartog, H.H. Neumann, P.D. Blanken, P.C. Yang, C. Russell, and Z. Nesic.

1996. Annual cycle of water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes in and above a boreal aspen forest.

Global Change Biology, 2, 101-111.

Blanken, P.D. 1997. Evaporation within and above a boreal aspen forest. Ph.D. Thesis of UBC,

79-84.

Chen, W.J., T.A. Black, P.C. Yang, A.G. Barr, H.H. Neumann, Z. Nesic, P.D. Blanken, M.D.

Novak, J. Eley, R.J. Ketler, and R. Cuenca. 1998. Effects of climatic variability on the annual carbon

sequestration by a boreal aspen forest. Global Change Biology (in press).

Fritschen, L.J. and L.W. Gay. 1979. Environmental Instrumentation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New

York and Heidelberg.

Fuchs, M. and C.B. Tanner. 1968. Calibration and field tests of soil heat flux plates. Soil Science

Society of America Proceedings, 32, 326-328.

Hook, W.R. and N.J. Livingston. 1996. Errors in converting time domain reflectometry

measurements of propagation velocity to estimated of soil water content. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 59,

35-41.

Kaimal, J.C. and J.E. Gaynor. 1991. Another look at sonic thermometry. Boundary-Layer

Meteorology, 56, 401-410.

Lee, X., T.A. Black, and M.D. Novak. 1994. Comparison of flux measurements with open-and

closed-path gas analyzers above an agricultural field and a forest floor. Boundary-Layer Meteorology,

67, 1995-202.

Leuning, R. and K.M. King. 1992. Comparison of eddy covariance measurements of CO2 fluxes by

open- and closed-path CO2 analyzers. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 59, 297-311.

Page 24
Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,

A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.2000.CollectedDataof The

BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.

Pearcy,R.W., J.Ehleringer,H.A. Mooney,andP.W.Rundel.1991.Plantphysiologicalecology:

Field methodsandinstrumentation.ChapmanandHall, LondonandNew York.

Schuepp,P.H.,M.Y. Leclerc,J.I. MacPerson,andR.L. Desjardins.1990.Footprintpredictionof

scalarfluxesfrom analyticalsolutionsof thediffusionequation.Boundary-LayerMeteorology,50,

355-373.

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1994.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1994-3.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 94).

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1996-2.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1994

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC94).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.Ranson,D. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Webb,E.K., G.I.Pearman,andR. Leuning. 1980.Correctionof flux measurementsfor density

effectsdueto heatandwatervaportransfer.QuarterlyJournalof theRoyalMeteorologicalSociety,

106,85-100.

Yang,P.C.1998.Carbondioxideflux within andaboveaborealaspenforest.Ph.D.thesis,

UniversityofBritish Columbia,Vancouver,Canada.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 25
A/D

AES

AFM

ASCII

ATD

ATI

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

i.d.

IFC

IRGA

LAI

NAD83

NASA

NEP

NSA

OA

ORNL

PANP

PAR

PC

PPFD

SRC

SSA

TDR

TF

UBC

URL

WPL

19. List of Acronyms

- Analog to Digital

- Atmospheric Environment Service

- Airborne Fluxes and Meteorology

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- Atmospheric Technology Division

- Applied Technologies, Inc.

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hyper-Text Markup Language

- inner diameter

- Intensive Field Campaign

- Infrared Gas Analyzer

- Leaf Area Index

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Net Ecosystem Productivity

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Photosynthetically Active Radiation

- Personal Computer

- Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

- Saskatchewan Research Council

- Southern Study Area

- Time Domain Reflectometry

- Tower Flux

- University of British Columbia

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Webb, Pearman, and Leuning (1980) corrections

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 04-Sep- 1998

Last Updated: 01-Nov- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 19-Aug-1999

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

Page 26
20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

Data were collected and processed by T.A. Black and Z. Nesic of the University of British

Columbia.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Black, T.A. and Z. Nesic, "Boreal Forest Atmosphere Interactions: Exchanges of Energy, Water

Vapor and Trace Gases." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J.

Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A.

Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 27
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

October 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Understory Flux, Meteorological, and Soil

Temperature Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, and Zoran Nesic

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 190

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

T.A. Black, Z. Chen, and Z. Nesic: University of British Columbia, Vancouver;

K. Huemmrich: University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-1 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and momentum flux data under the canopy

along with meteorological and soils data at the BOREAS SSA-OA site from mid-October to midNovember of 1993 and throughout all of 1994. The data are available in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux, meteorological data, soils data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

2'7

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20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

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