NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 217

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and David E. Knapp, Editors

Volume 217

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen 1996

Water Surface Film Capping

Data

David P. Billesbach

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022734 2018-05-14T19:00:08+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 217

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and David E. Knapp, Editors

Volume 217

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen 1996

Water Surface Film Capping

Data

David P. Billesbach

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen 1996 Water Surface Film Capping Data

David P. Billesbach

Summary

The BOREAS TF-11 team gathered a variety of data to complement its tower flux measurements

collected at the SSA-Fen site. The data described in this document were made by the TF-11 team at the

SSA-Fen site to quantify the effect that the films observed to form on open water surfaces had on the

transfer of carbon dioxide and methane from the water to the air. Measurements of fluxes of carbon

dioxide and methane were made in 1994 and in 1996 using the chamber flux method. A gas

chromatograph and a LI-COR LI-6200 were used to measure concentrations and to calculate the

fluxes. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen 1996 Water Surface Film Capping Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set was collected by the Tower Flux (TF)-11 team at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere

Study (BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA)-Fen site to quantify the effect that the films observed to

form on open water surfaces had on the transfer of carbon dioxide and methane from the water to the

air. Measurements of fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane were made in 1994 and in 1996 using the

chamber flux method. A gas chromatograph (GC) and a LI-COR LI-6200 were used to measure

concentrations and to calculate the fluxes.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of the film that forms on the water surface

of the SSA-Fen on fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane and to investigate the growth dynamics of the

film after it has been broken up or destroyed.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

In this study, fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane were measured as functions of the time since

the film was removed from the water surface. These measurements allowed the investigator to

determine how much the film inhibited fluxes from the water surface and how quickly it reformed.

1.5 Discussion

During the Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs) of the 1994 BOREAS campaign, the TF-11 team

noticed that an oily-looking film formed on the surface of standing water in the SSA-Fen. Initially, this

film was very thin and resembled an oil slick. With time, the film grew thicker and lost the

rainbow-like interference colors associated with new, thin films. We also noticed during IFC-2 that

during periods of rain, the instantaneous concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide showed large

spikes, and that after the rain, the fluctuations were much larger than before the rain. This led us to

speculate that the film was "capping" the water surface and causing an excess of dissolved gases

(compared to a clean surface). The rain caused the film to break up, releasing the excess gas. Further,

the agitation of the surface caused by the raindrop impacts caused even more gas to be released to the

atmosphere. After the rain, the water surface was clean with no capping film, and gas continued to be

released to the atmosphere at a rate in excess of that when a film was present.

We attempted to test this hypothesis in 1994, using the components of the chamber flux system

that we were employing for other parts of our program. In this experiment, we placed a flux chamber

collar in an area of standing water and removed any vegetation above the water surface. The collar was

left undisturbed for several days until a thick film had formed in it. We then carefully placed a flux

chamber over the collar and collected syringe samples according to our standard sampling protocol.

After this first flux measurement, the chamber was removed and the film was gently "blotted" away

from the surface with paper towels. The chamber was then replaced on the collar, and a second set of

syringe samples was collected. The fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide calculated from these

samples indeed showed that the film was affecting the movement of material to and from the surface.

In 1996, we mounted a low-intensity effort to further quantify this effect and to explore the regrowth

dynamics of the film. A LI-COR LI-6200 portable photosynthesis analyzer and a LI-COR l-liter soil

flux chamber were used to measure carbon dioxide fluxes from the water surface (at the SSA-Fen site)

as a function of time since removal of the film. A GC was also set up to attempt to measure the effect

of the film on methane, but problems with the GC limited this effort to only one set of carbon dioxide

and methane fluxes.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TF- 11 SSA-Fen Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen Leaf Gas Exchange Data

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen Soil Surface CO2 Flux Data

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen 1995 Leaf Area Index Data

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. David P. Billesbach

Center for Laser Analytical Studies of Trace Gas Dynamics

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Dr. Shashi B. Verma, Professor

Department of Agricultural Meteorology

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Page 2
2.2 Title of Investigation

Field Micrometeorological Measurements, Process-Level Studies and Modeling of Methane and

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in a Boreal Wetland Ecosystem (SSA-Fen)

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. David P. Billesbach

Center for Laser Analytical Studies of Trace Gas Dynamics

201N Walter Scott Engineering Center

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Lincoln, NE 68588-0511

(402) 472-7961

(402) 472-4732 (fax)

dbillesbach@crcvms.unl.edu

Contact 2:

David Knapp

Raytheon ITSS

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-1424

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

David.Knapp@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

A LI-COR LI-6200 soil chamber was placed on polyvinylchloride (PVC) collars that were mounted in

the fen such that the upper lip was just above the water surface. Soft foam tape ensured that a gas-fight

seal was maintained. The soil chamber was a metal cylinder that had a volume of 1,149 cubic cm and a

cross-sectional area of 72.38 square cm. The larger chamber used for the GC measurements was a

rectangular parallelepiped formed by aluminum angle pieces. The walls of the chamber were made of

transparent Aclar plastic (impervious to carbon dioxide and methane). The chamber was 40.5 cm tall

and 31.3 cm x 31.3 cm in cross-section. Like the LI-COR chamber, this too was sealed to a collar

planted in the fen by soft foam and spring clamps. A small-diameter plastic tube with a syringe valve

that extended through one of the comer structural pieces allowed for gas sampling.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

The instruments used for this experiment were a LI-COR LI-6200 portable photosynthesis analyzer

and a Shimadzu GC8 GC equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID), a Shimadzu methanizer, a

Shimadzu Chromatopak integrator, and a precision sample injection valve. The LI-6200 was used with

a l-liter soil flux chamber.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were made between 15:00 and 24:00 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (9:00 to 18:00

local time). No measurements were made during periods of rain. Air temperature in the LI-6200

chamber ranged between 17 °C and 27 °C.

Page 3
4.1.2 Source/Platform

The LI-6200 flux chamber was placed on PVC collars anchored into the peat with approximately 2

cm protruding above the water surface. The flux chambers used with the GC-FID instrument were

mounted on stainless steel collars that were also fixed into the peat.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

Not applicable.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Water surface flux of carbon dioxide and methane.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The LI-6200 calculates carbon dioxide concentrations by measuring the amount of light absorbed

in a narrow band around 4.2 microns. The GC-FID measures concentrations by first separating the

components by diffusion through a column, then measuring the number of ions produced in a flame.

Fluxes are calculated in both cases by measuring the time rate of change of the density of the

component (as calculated from the concentration).

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrumentation Measurement Geometry

The LI-6200 collars were located approximately 0.5 meters from either side of the main

boardwalk, about 60 meters from the shore. Four collars were used. Collars 1, 2, and 3 were located

on the south side of the boardwalk and collar 4 was on the north side. The bottom of collar 1 rested on

moss, and the bottoms of the other collars were above the moss surface. Collar 3 was placed in an area

where water was observed to flow from north to south. Collar 4 was suspended in deeper water,

inside one of the GD-FID flux collars. The two GC-FID flux collars were similarly located, with one

on the north side of the boardwalk and one on the south side. All above-surface vegetation was

removed from all collars.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

LI-COR, Inc.

Environmental Division

4421 Superior Street

Lincoln, NE 68504 USA

(402) 467-3576

http://www.licor.com/[Internet Link]

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.

7102 Riverwood Drive

Columbia, MD 21046 USA

(410) 381-1227

http://www.shimadzu.com/[internet Link]

4.2 Calibration

The LI-6200 was calibrated by first allowing the instrument to warm up for 30 minutes. After this,

the soil chamber was placed on a plastic-covered, flat surface to seal it off from the ambient

atmosphere. The airflow was switched to pass through a soda lime "scrubber" column and analyzed.

The instrument offset was then adjusted to read zero. The scrubber was then bypassed, and gas from a

calibrated cylinder (348.6 ppmv) was introduced into the chamber with a 1/4" diameter tube. The

instrument span was then adjusted to match the cylinder concentration value. The procedure was then

repeated to verify the calibration.

The GC-FID was calibrated by allowing it to warm up for 30 minutes and then injecting calibration

gas. The calibration gas used was a 50% mixture of a precision calibration mix (Scott Gases 1%

carbon dioxide and 1% methane) with ambient air. The results from two injections were averaged, and

calibration coefficients were automatically calculated by the GC-FID system. After this procedure,

several injections of the same calibration mixture were measured to ensure instrument stability.

Page 4
4.2.1 Specifications

None.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Thecarbondioxidefluxesmeasuredwith theLI-6200arebelievedto haveerrorbarsof between

10%and20%of theflux value.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

TheLI-6200wascalibratedin themorning,beforemeasurementsbegan.At mid-daythe

calibrationwascheckedandadjustedif necessary.Finally, attheendof theday,thecalibrationwas

checkedagain.TheGC-FIDwascalibratedbeforesampleanalysis,andthecalibrationwaschecked

afterall sampleshadbeenanalyzed.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

The LI-6200 had been returned to the manufacturer for maintenance and calibration the month prior

to the 1996 field experiment.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Carbon dioxide fluxes were measured by setting the LI-6200 soil chamber on a collar and initiating a

measurement on the main unit. The chamber was sealed to the collar with a ring of soft foam. Two to

five flux measurements were first made with a mature (older than 12 hours), intact film on the water

surface. After this, the film was carefully removed from the water surface by blotting it up with a paper

towel. Another set of two to five flux measurements was made from this "clean" surface. The ratio of

the means of these measurements indicates the amount of "capping" caused by the mature film. After

clean surface measurements were made, further measurements were made at fixed time intervals,

ranging from 30 seconds to 2 hours. The soil flux chamber was removed from the collar between

measurements to prevent the excessive build up of carbon dioxide inside the chamber. In this way, all

flux measurements were made at carbon dioxide concentrations that were near ambient levels.

Samples for analysis with the GC-FID were collected by clamping the flux chamber to the collar

and extracting 60-ml gas samples with a Teflon syringe. Samples were taken every 5 minutes for 30

minutes. Because of the lengthy sampling procedure, only "intact" and "clean" fluxes were measured

by this technique. The ratio of intact to clean carbon dioxide fluxes was compared to that obtained with

the LI-6200 as a cross-check of data.

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

It is believed that data from LI-6200 collar 3 are the most reliable. This is based on better

day-to-day reproducibility.

6.2 Field Notes

Planned time sequence fluxes were interrupted on 25-Jul-1996, 26-Jul-1996, and 27-Jul-1996.

Page 5
7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

This experiment made point source flux measurements at the SSA-Fen site, at essentially four

closely spaced locations.

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

Collar locations relative to the boardwalk leading to the tower are described in Section 4.1.6. The

North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates of the SSA-Fen tower are:

Latitude Longitude BOREAS X BOREAS Y UTM Northing UTM Easting

53.80206°N i04.61798°W 419.527 330.991 5961566.6 525159.8

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The LI-6200 flux measurements were for collar areas of 72.4 cm2. The GC-FID flux

measurements were for collar areas of 979.7 cruZ.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Data were collected between 24-Jul-1996 and 30-Jul-1996 (middle of IFC-2 in 1996). A single

GC-FID measurement was made on 14-Sep-1994 (during IFC-3 in 1994).

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Carbon dioxide flux measurements were made with the LI-6200 on time scales that ranged from

30-second intervals to 6-hour intervals. Each GC-FID flux measurement took 30 minutes.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

WATER SURFACE FILM CONCENTRATION

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

ELAPSED TIME CHAMBER

SURF CONDITION

CH4 CONC

Page 6
CO2 CONC

CH4 CONC CHANGE RATE

CO2 CONC CHANGE RATE

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

WATER SURFACE FILM FLUX

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

ELAPSED TIME CLEAN

CHAMBER ID

SURF CONDITION

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

MEAN CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

WATER SURFACE FILM CONCENTRATION

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

ELAPSED TIME CHAMBER

SURF CONDITION

CH4 CONC

CO2 CONC

CH4 CONC CHANGE RATE

CO2 CONC CHANGE RATE

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The elapsed time since the chamber was placed on

the collar.

The condition of the water surface inside the

collar.

CH4 concentration.

CO2 concentration.

The rate of change of the methane concentration.

The rate of change of the CO2 concentration.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

Page 7
WATER SURFACE FILM FLUX

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

ELAPSED TIME CLEAN

CHAMBER ID

SURF CONDITION

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

MEAN CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

The elapsed time since the water surface was

cleaned.

Identifier assigned to the chamber measured.

The condition if the water surface inside the

collar.

The chamber CO2 flux.

The mean CO2 flux measurement for a given

chamber, at a given time, for a given surface

condition.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

WATER SURFACE FILM CONCENTRATION

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

ELAPSED TIME CHAMBER [minutes]

SURF CONDITION [none]

CH4 CONC [parts per million]

CO2 CONC [parts per million]

CH4 CONC CHANGE RATE [parts per million] [minute^-l]

CO2 CONC CHANGE RATE [parts per million] [minute^-l]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

Page 8
WATER SURFACE FILM FLUX

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

ELAPSED TIME CLEAN [minutes]

CHAMBER ID [none]

SURF CONDITION [none]

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER [micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

MEAN CO2 FLUX CHAMBER [micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The source of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

WATER SURFACE FILM CONCENTRATION

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

ELAPSED TIME CHAMBER

SURF CONDITION

CH4 CONC

CO2 CONC

CH4 CONC CHANGE RATE

CO2 CONC CHANGE RATE

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

WATER SURFACE FILM FLUX

Column Name

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

ELAPSED TIME CLEAN

CHAMBER ID

SURF CONDITION

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

MEAN CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

Page 9
7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

WATER SURFACE FILM CONCENTRATION

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-FEN-FLXTR SSA-FEN-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TFII-SFC01 9TFII-SFC01 None None None None

DATE OBS 14-SEP-94 24-JUL-96 None None None None

ELAPSED TIME CHAMBER 0 30 None None None None

SURF CONDITION N/A N/A None None None None

CH4 CONC 1.49 18.92 None None None Blank

CO2 CONC 246.7 512.75 None None None Blank

CH4 CONC CHANGE RATE .0789 .909 None None None Blank

CO2 CONC CHANGE RATE .5217 4.276 None None None Blank

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 29-MAR-99 29-MAR-99 None None None None

WATER SURFACE FILM FLUX

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-FEN-FLXTR SSA-FEN-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TFII-WFC01 9TFII-WFC01 None None None None

DATE OBS 24-JUL-96 30-JUL-96 None None None None

TIME OBS 1515 2337 None None None None

ELAPSED TIME CLEAN 0 180 None None None Blank

CHAMBER ID 1 4 None None None None

SURF CONDITION N/A N/A None None None None

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER -.0038 -.00015 None None None Blank

MEAN CO2 FLUX -.003136 -.000173 None None None Blank

CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 01-APR-99 01-APR-99 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

Page 10
Data Not Cllctd

limit of the instrumentation.

This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data records from sample data files on the CD-ROM.

WATER SURFACE FILM CONCENTRATION

SITE NAME, SUB SITE, DATE OBS,ELAPSED TIME CHAMBER, SURF CONDITION, CH4 CONC,

CO2 CONC,CH4 CONC CHANGE RATE,CO2 CONC CHANGE RATE,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-SFC01', 14-SEP-94, 0, 'Cleaned', 1.52,246.7, , , 'CPI',29-MAR-99

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-SFC01', 14-SEP-94,5, 'Cleaned',5.05,260.8, , , 'CPI',29-MAR-99

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-SFC01', 14-SEP-94, i0, 'Cleaned',7.88,277.4, , , 'CPI',

29-MAR-99

WATER SURFACE FILE FLUX

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,ELAPSED TIME CLEAN, CHAMBER ID,

SURF CONDITION, CO2 FLUX CHAMBER, MEAN CO2 FLUX CHAMBER, CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-WFCOI',29-JUL-96,1629,, 'i', 'intact',-.O0027,, 'CPI',

01-APR-99

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-WFCOI',29-JUL-96,1629,, 'i', 'intact',-.O0025,, 'CPI',

01-APR-99

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest amount of data that can be ordered from the water surface film concentration data is

the entire data set. The smallest amount of data that can be ordered from the water surface film flux

data is a day's worth of data.

8.2 Data Formats

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

Page 11
9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

• Fluxes computed by the LI-6200 internal software assumed an area of 1 cm2, and were in

units of pmoles/mZ/s. The investigators divided by the actual area of the flux chamber (72.38

cruZ) and multiplied by 44 micrograms/micromole to arrive at units of mg/mZ/s. BOREAS

Information System (BORIS) staff divided these values by 44 to convert the values back to

micromoles/square meter/second.

• Concentrations were calculated by the GC-FID software. A standard least squares linear

regression was applied to these points (as a function of time) to calculate the time rate of

change of the concentration inside the chamber.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

• Initial fluxes were calculated by the LI-6200 software and were corrected in the Quattro-Pro

V4.0 spreadsheet.

• Concentrations were calculated by the GC-FID software and slopes were calculated both with

a hand calculator and in the Quattro-Pro V4.0 spreadsheet.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

WATER SURFACE FILM CONCENTRATION

• TF- 11 collected-concenffation data from the GC-FID and entered them into a spreadsheet.

• TF- 11 ran a linear regression routine in the data.

• BORIS received the data from TF-11 and loaded it into the data base.

WATER SURFACE FILM FLUX

• TF- 11 collected-data from the LI-6200 output files and entered them into a spreadsheet.

• TF- 11 applied correction factors.

• Averages of the fluxes were calculated.

• BORIS received the data from TF-11 and loaded them into the data base.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

See Section 9.1.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

• Carbon dioxide fluxes and average fluxes.

• Time rates of change of methane and carbon dioxide concentration.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

Page 12
10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

The main source of flux errors in the LI-6200 data come from cracks induced in the film while

placing the flux chamber on the collars. The main source of slope errors in the GC-FID data are from

errors in the sampling time.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

The two types of carbon dioxide data (LI-6200 and GC-FID) were validated by comparing the

ratios of clean to intact fluxes (or slopes). In addition, the LI-6200 data were validated by repetition.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

The comparison (LI-6200 to GC-FID) of carbon dioxide data showed that the two methods yielded

similar results. This leads us to believe that the methane data (from the GC-FID) are also reliable. We

found that when we plotted LI-6200 fluxes (from the same collar) as a function of time since cleaning,

data from different days fell on the same curve.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

We believe that carbon dioxide fluxes measured with the LI-6200 are accurate to between 10% and

20%.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

BORIS loaded the data into the data base and checked for any inconsistencies during loading.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

These data are not representative of the entire Fen site. They are from an extremely limited area.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

Not all of the GC-FID samples from 24-Jul-1996 analyzed correctly, although enough did work to

obtain slopes that agree with those obtained in 1994.

11.3 Usage Guidance

Because of the limited spatial coverage, the flux data should be used only to examine the effect of

the film on fluxes.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

These data can be used to better understand the role of oily film on carbon dioxide flux. This oily film

is commonly found on the water surface of fens.

Page 13
None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

None given. For specific questions regarding the software mentioned in Section 9.1, please contact

Dr. David Billesbach.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

15. Data Access

The SSA-Fen 1996 water surface film capping data are available from the Earth Observing System

Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active

Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

Page 14
16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

LI-COR LI-6200 Users Guide.

Shimadzu Chromatopak Users Guide.

Shimadzu GC-8 Users Guide.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Puustjarvi, V. 1952. The Precipitation of Iron in Peat Soils. Acta Agralia Fennica, 78, 1-72.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

Page 15
None.

18. Glossary of Terms

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

DOY

EOS

EOSDIS

GC-FID

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

IFC

NAD83

NASA

NSA

ORNL

PANP

PPMV

PVC

SSA

TF

URL

UTM

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Day of the Year

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- Intensive Field Campaign

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Parts Per Million by Volume

- Polyvinylchloride

- Southern Study Area

- Tower Flux

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Universal Transverse Mercator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 16-Jun- 1997

Last Revised: 22-Sep- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 25-Apr- 1999

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please acknowledge Dr. D.P. Billesbach, Center for Laser Analytical

Studies of Trace Gas Dynamics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and include citations of relevant

papers in Section 17.2.

Page 16
If usingdatafromtheBOREASCD-ROM series,alsoreferencethedataas:

Billesbach,D.P.andS.B.Verma,"Field MicrometeorologicalMeasurements,Process-Level

StudiesandModelingof MethaneandCarbonDioxideFluxesin aBorealWetlandEcosystem

(SSA-Fen)."In CollectedDataof TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.Eds.J.Newcomer,D.

Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,A. Papagno,D.

Rinker, R.Strub,T. Twine, F.Hall, andP.Sellers.CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also,citetheBOREASCD-ROMsetas:

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.CollectedDataof

TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 17
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen 1996 Water Surface Film Capping Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

David R Billesbach

Forrest G. Hall and David E. Knapp, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 217

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

D.P. Billesbach: University of Nebraska-Lincoln;

D.E. Knapp: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-11 team gathered a variety of data to complement its tower flux measurements

collected at the SSA-Fen site. The data described in this document were made by the TF-11 team at

the SSA-Fen site to quantify the effect that the films observed to form on open water surfaces had on

the transfer of carbon dioxide and methane from the water to the air. Measurements of fluxes of

carbon dioxide and methane were made in 1994 and in 1996 using the chamber flux method. A gas

chromatograph and a LI-COR LI-6200 were used to measure concentrations and to calculate the

fluxes. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux, water surface film capping data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

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OF THIS PAGE

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OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

1'7

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20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

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