NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 237

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 237

BOREAS TGB-8 Monoterpene

Concentration Data over the SSA-OBS

Manuel Lerdau

State University of New York, Stony Brook

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 237

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 237

BOREAS TGB-8 Monoterpene

Concentration Data over the SSA-OBS

Manuel Lerdau

State University of New York, Stony Brook

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
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7121StandardDrive

Hanover,MD21076-1320

PriceCode:A17

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BOREAS TGB-8 Monoterpene Concentration Data over the SSA-OBS

and the SSA-OJP

Manuel Lerdau

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-8 team collected data to investigate the controls over NMHC fluxes from boreal

forest tree species. This data set contains measurements of monoterpene concentrations in collected

foliar gas emissions and foliar samples. The data were collected at the OJP and OBS tower flux sites in

the SSA and were the locus for the monoterpene emission measurements. These areas contained

mature stands of jack pine and black spruce and were the focal sites in the BOREAS program for

studies of biosphere/atmosphere exchange from these two habitat types. The OBS site is situated in a

black spruce/sphagnum bog with the largest trees 155 years old and 10-15 m tall. The OJP site is in a

jack pine forest, 80 to 120 years old, which lies on a sandy bench of glacial outwash with the largest

tree standing 15 m tall. Temporally, the data cover the period of 24-May-1994 to 19-Sep-1994. The

data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-08 Monoterpene Concentration Data over the SSA-OBS and the SSA-OJP

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set contains measurements of monoterpene concentrations in collected foliar gas

emissions and foliar samples. The data were collected at the OJP and OBS tower flux sites in the SSA

and were the locus for the monoterpene emission measurements. These areas contained mature stands

of jack pine and black spruce and were the focal sites in the BOREAS program for studies of

biosphere/atmosphere exchange from these two habitat types.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

Theobjectiveof thisdatasetwasto measurethemonoterpeneconcentrationin firstfully expanded

(second-year)needlesfrom theBORealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy(BOREAS)SouthernStudy

Area(SSA)-OldBlackSpruce(OBS)andSSA-OldJackPine(OJP) sites.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Monoterpene concentration and monoterpene emission.

1.5 Discussion

The research was ordered around three general questions: (1) To what extent are leaf carbon

balance and isoprene synthase activity (the enzyme responsible for isoprene emission) predictors of

nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) flux? (2) How do leaf carbon balance and isoprene synthase

activity depend on nitrogen/water availability and carbon source/sink parameters? and (3) How do we

modify the FORES-BGC ecosystem model, based on question 1 and 2, to predict canopy-level

NMHC fluxes? Studies included seasonal monitoring of NMHC emissions and its relationship to plant

phenology, photosynthesis, respiration, isoprene synthase activity, and leaf starch concentrations.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-08 Photosynthetic Rate Data over the SSA-OBS and the SSA-OJP

BOREAS TGB-08 Starch Concentration Data over the SSA-OBS and the SSA-OJP

BOREAS TGB-09 Above-Canopy NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and SSA-OA Sites

BOREAS TGB-10 Volatile Organic Carbon Data over the SSA

BOREAS TGB-10 Oxidant Concentration Data over the SSA

BOREAS TGB- 10 Oxidant Flux Data over the SSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Manuel Lerdau

2.2 Title of Investigation

The Relationship Between Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Emission and Leaf Carbon Balance in the

Boreal Forest: An Approach for Mechanistic Ecosystem Modeling

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. Manuel Lerdau

Ecology and Evolution

SUNY

Stony Brook, NY

(516) 632-6633

(516) 632-7626 (fax)

mlerdan@life.bio, sunysb.edu

Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

Page 2
3. Theory of Measurements

Sample Selection

For the photosynthesis/hydrocarbon measurements, 10 trees of each species were chosen that had

sunlit leaves accessible within 3 m of the ground. All measurements were conducted on sunlit leaves

that had developed the previous year. Tissue chemistry and gas exchange sampling on sunlit leaves

from branches much higher in the canopy showed that there was no significant effect of branch height

on photosynthetic rate or on tissue composition (ANOVA, p>0.05, data not shown). The black spruce

trees used in the bog transect/tissue chemistry sampling were chosen on the basis of having sunlit

leaves accessible within 2 m of the ground. All hydrocarbon measurements were made on fully

expanded needles that had developed during the previous growing season. Needles were placed in the

cuvette so that only those needles that expanded during the previous growing season were included.

Needle age in all cases was determined unambiguously by marking needle cohorts before leaf

expansion in the spring and by examining the branches for twig color change and bud scarring

associated with each year's growth. The bog transect measurements were also all made on the previous

year's fully expanded needles.

Sample Procedure

Hydrocarbon emissions: Samples were collected by enclosing branches in a temperature- and

light-controlled cuvette connected to a plant gas exchange system (Campbell MPH 1000, Campbell

Scientific, Logan, UT) and flowing hydrocarbon-free air over the needles. Temperature was controlled

by use of thermoelectric coolers provided by Campbell Scientific, and light intensity was controlled by

mounting a projector bulb at a fight angle to the top of the glass-topped cuvette. The light was then

reflected off of a cold mirror (45 ° cold mirror, 15-33233, OCLI, Santa Rosa, CA) mounted at a 45 °

angle to the cuvette. The mirror transmitted light at wavelengths >720 nm and reflected light of shorter

wavelengths. Hydrocarbon-free air was produced by pumping ambient air through a clean-air

generator (Aadco 5L, AADCO Instruments, Silver Springs, FL) and adding CO2 back to the entering

air stream. All flows and environmental conditions were monitored by the sensors and mass flow

controllers of the Campbell MPH 1000. Hydrocarbon emission samples were collected by diverting a

fraction of the air exiting the leaf cuvette through a sampling tube packed with a solid sorbent. Supelco

Carbotrap 300 cartridges (Bellafonte, PA) with dimensions of 7-inch length and 1/4-inch outer

diameter were used in this work. The sampling tubes were conditioned before each use via a Tekmar

Thermo Trap unit (Cincinnati, OH) at 220 °C for a minimum of 4 hours at a flow of approximately 10

mL/min of ultrahigh purity nitrogen. A blank from each set of conditioned cartridges was analyzed to

ensure that they had been properly cleaned. The flow rate and volume of air passing over the sampling

tube was controlled with a low flow pump (SKC Model-222, SKC, Inc. Eighty-Four, PA). This

sample volume was variable but kept well below the typical breakthrough volumes for terpenes on this

sampling tube (Anon., 1986).

Foliar chemistry: After the emissions samples were collected, we separated the branchlet and

needles from the main branch. Total needle biomass was measured on fresh needles. We then

separated the total needle biomass into two parts, half of which we placed in a 60 °C drying oven and

weighed daily until no further change in weight was observed. These dried needles were then stored

for nitrogen analysis. The remaining needles were ground in liquid nitrogen and stored in 20-mL

scintillation vials filled with pentane until they were analyzed for monoterpene concentrations. The

pentane storage was never less than 7 days and was more than sufficient to allow for complete solvent

extraction of the monoterpenes (Lerdau et al., 1995). The fresh weight/dry weight ratio from the

needles used in the nitrogen analyses was applied to each monoterpene sample to provide an estimated

dry weight for the sample. All analyses are reported on a dry-weight basis.

Page 3
Analysis

Hydrocarbonemissions:Sampleswereanalyzedby thermaldesorptionfollowedbygas

chromatography/massspectrometry(GC/MS)usingamodifiedform of theEPATO-1method(Anon.,

1984).A TekmarAeroTRAPunit (Cincinnati,OH),TekmarCryofocusingunit(Cincinnati,OH),and

ultrahighpurityheliumpurgegaswereusedto thermallydesorbhydrocarbonsoff thecartridgesviaa

multistepprocess.Cartridgeswereheatedto 220°C to desorb the sample onto an internal

glass-bead-packed trap cooled with liquid nitrogen to -165 °C. Next, the sample was desorbed off the

internal trap at 220 °C, passed through a moisture control system to remove water, and refocused onto

the head of the column, which was held at -165 °C using liquid nitrogen. Finally, the sample was

injected onto the column by flash heating the head of the column to 220 °C. A Finnigan model ITS40

gas chromatograph/ion trap mass spectrometer/data system (San Jose, CA) was used to analyze the

hydrocarbons in the samples. A 25-m, 0.25-ram ID DB-5ms column from J&W Scientific (Folsom,

CA) was used to separate the terpenes. The temperature of the column was programmed to separate the

terpenes of interest. This entailed holding the column at 40 °C for 5 minutes, increasing the temperature

at 8 °C/rain to 220 °C, and then holding the temperature at 220 °C for 4 minutes. The transfer line to the

ion trap mass spectrometer was held at 250 °C, and the ion trap manifold was set to 100 °C. The ion

trap mass spectrometer was run through a daily auto-tune sequence prior to data acquisition on

samples, standards, and blanks. This auto-tune sequence involved calibrating the mass scale and

setting emission current, multiplier voltage, automatic gain control target value to proper values. Mass

spectra were acquired under electron ionization (EI) conditions using a scan range of m/z 50 to 200 and

a scan rate of 1 scan/second. Terpenes were identified using both retention time confirmation and

matching experimental mass spectra against a custom library of mass spectra derived from a series of

terpene standards. Terpenes were quantified against external standards, in which the most intense ion

for the individual terpene (quantitation ion) was compared to the same ion from analyses of known

amounts of neat terpene standards in hexane. Method blanks were used to correct for any response for

terpenes on the conditioned cartridges. All emission rates are reported on a dry weight basis.

Foliar chemistry: Monoterpenes were separated on an HP 5890 Series II gas chromatograph

equipped with a split/splitless injector, flame ionization detector (FID) and a 30-m DB-1 capillary

column (0.32 mm i.d., 1 _am film thickness, J & W Scientific, Folsom CA), 2 mL of sample was

injected in the split mode (80:1 split) using a HP 7673 Auto Sampler, He as the carrier gas at a flow

rate of 2.2 mL rain-1. Column temperature was programmed to stay at 50 °C for 5 minutes, then

increase 6 °C/rain to 250 °C and held for 5 minutes. Detector temperature was 300 °C and injector

temperature was 275 °C. Individual monoterpenes were identified by comparison of their retention

times with authentic monoterpene standards (purchased from Sigma/Aldrich Chemical CO, St. Louis,

MO) that were analyzed under conditions identical to those used for the unknown samples.

Monoterpenes were quantified using fenchone as an internal standard. Fenchone was added to the

extract 24 hours prior to analysis. The results are expressed as mg terpene per gram of needle dry

weight. Needle nitrogen concentration was measured as total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN; calculated as a

percentage of needle dry mass) using the digestion and measurement protocol described by Jaeger and

Monson (1992). Needles were ground and digested in sulfuric acid with a copper sulfate catalyst at

360 °C for 3 hours and then analyzed colorometrically using a flow injection analyzer (LACHAT Inst.,

Mequon, WI).

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

None given.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Samples were collected under ambient environmental conditions.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Trees.

Page 4
4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The purpose of the trees and branches for this experiment was to support the measurement

equipment.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Monoterpene concentration and monoterpene emission.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

None given.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

None given.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Campbell Scientific

AADCO Instruments

Silver Springs, FL

Supelco

Bellafonte, PA

Tekmar

Cincinnati, OH

SKC, Inc.

Eighty Four, PA

Finnigan

San Jose, CA

J&W Scientific

Folsom, CA

Hewlett Packard

LACHAT Inst.

Mequon, WI

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

Terpenes were identified using both retention time confirmation and matching experimental mass

spectra against a custom library of mass spectra derived from a series of terpene standards. Terpenes

were quantified against external standards, in which the most intense ion for the individual terpene

(quantitation ion) was compared to the same ion from analyses of known amounts of neat terpene

standards in hexane. Method blanks were used to correct for any response for terpenes on the

conditioned cartridges. Monoterpenes were quantified using fenchone as an internal standard.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

Page 5
4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Theion trapmassspectrometerwasrunthroughadaily auto-tunesequenceprior to data

acquisitiononsamples,standards,andblanks.This auto-tunesequenceinvolvedcalibratingthemass

scaleandsettingemissioncurrent,multipliervoltage,automaticgaincontroltargetvalueto proper

values.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Samples were collected by enclosing branches in a temperature- and light-controlled cuvette connected

to a plant gas exchange system (Campbell MPH 1000, Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT) and flowing

hydrocarbon-free air over the needles. Temperature was controlled by use of thermoelectric coolers

provided by Campbell Scientific, and light intensity was controlled by mounting a projector bulb at a

fight angle to the top of the glass-topped cuvette. The light was then reflected off of a cold mirror (45 °

cold mirror, 15-33233, OCLI, Santa Rosa, CA) mounted at a 45 ° angle to the cuvette. The mirror

transmitted light at wavelengths >720 nm and reflected light of shorter wavelengths. Hydrocarbon-free

air was produced by pumping ambient air through a clean-air generator (Aadco 5L, AADCO

Instruments, Silver Springs, FL) and adding CO2 back to the entering air stream. All flows and

environmental conditions were monitored by the sensors and mass flow controllers of the Campbell

MPH 1000. Hydrocarbon emission samples were collected by diverting a fraction of the air exiting the

leaf cuvette through a sampling tube packed with a solid sorbent. Supelco Carbotrap 300 cartridges

(Bellafonte, PA) with dimensions of 7-inch length and 1/4-inch outer diameter were used in this

work. The sampling tubes were conditioned before each use via a Tekmar Thermo Trap unit

(Cincinnati, OH) at 220 °C for a minimum of 4 hours at a flow of approximately 10 mL/min of

ultrahigh purity nitrogen. A blank from each set of conditioned cartridges was analyzed to ensure that

they had been properly cleaned. The flow rate and volume of air passing over the sampling tube was

controlled with a low flow pump (SKC Model-222, SKC, Inc. Eighty Four, PA). This sample volume

was variable but kept well below the typical breakthrough volumes for terpenes on this sampling tube

(Anon., 1986).

After the emissions samples were collected, we separated the branchlet and needles from the main

branch. Total needle biomass was measured on fresh needles. We then separated the total needle

biomass into two parts, half of which we placed in a 60 °C drying oven and weighed daily until no

further change in weight was observed. These dried needles were then stored for nitrogen analysis.

The remaining needles were ground in liquid nitrogen and stored in 20-mL scintillation vials filled with

pentane until they were analyzed for monoterpene concentrations. The pentane storage was never less

than 7 days and was more than sufficient to allow for complete solvent extraction of the monoterpenes

(Lerdau et al., 1995). The fresh weight/dry weight ratio from the needles used in the nitrogen analyses

was applied to each monoterpene sample to provide an estimated dry weight for the sample. All

analyses are reported on a dry-weight basis.

6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

6. Observations

Page 6
7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates for the sites are:

SSA-OBS 53.98717°N, i05.11779°W

SSA-OJP 53.91634°N, i04.69203°W

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

None given.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

These data are point source measurements taken near the given coordinates.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The data were collected from 24-May-1994 to 19-Sep-1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None given.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Monthly averages of the data were calculated for 24-May-1994 to 19-Sep-1994.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

START DATE

END DATE

MEAN MONOTERPENE CONC

MEAN MONOTERPENE EMISSION

MEAN NITROGEN CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Page 7
7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

START DATE

END DATE

MEAN MONOTERPENE CONC

MEAN MONOTERPENE EMISSION

MEAN NITROGEN CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the collection of data

commenced.

The date on which the collection of the data was

terminated.

The averaged monoterpene concentrations from

fully expanded needles over the sampling period.

The averaged monoterpene emission from fully

expanded needles over the sampling period.

The mean nitrogen concentration for the sampling

period.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

START DATE

END DATE

MEAN MONOTERPENE CONC

MEAN MONOTERPENE EMISSION

MEAN NITROGEN CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[DD-MON-YY]

[milligrams monoterpene] [gram^-i leaf]

[micrograms monoterpene] [gram^-i leaf] [hour^-l]

[milligrams monoterpene] [gram^-i leaf]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

Page 8
7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

START DATE

END DATE

MEAN MONOTERPENE CONC

MEAN MONOTERPENE EMISSION

MEAN NITROGEN CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

Investigator

Investigator

Campbell MPH i000

Campbell MPH i000

Campbell MPH i000

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-OBS-FLXTR

SUB SITE TGB08-CON01

START DATE 24-MAY-94

END DATE 19-SEP-94

MEAN MONOTERPENE 1

CONC

MEAN MONOTERPENE .09

EMISSION

MEAN NITROGEN CONC 3.16

CRTFCN CODE CPI

REVISION DATE 25-MAR-97

SSA-OJP-FLXTR None None None None

TGB08-CON01 None None None None

24-MAY-94 None None None None

19-SEP-94 None None None None

27.14 None None None None

3.51 None None None Blank

12.11 None None None Blank

CPI None None None None

25-MAR-97 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

Page 9
measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data records from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,START DATE,END DATE,MEAN MONOTERPENE CONC,

MEAN MONOTERPENE EMISSION,MEAN NITROGEN CONC,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', 'TGB08-CON01',24-MAY-94,19-SEP-94,5.04, .6,, 'CPI',25-MAR-97

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', 'TGB08-CON01',24-MAY-94,19-SEP-94,6.08,1.08,, 'CPI',25-MAR-97

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', 'TGB08-CON01',24-MAY-94,19-SEP-94,4.97,1.7,, 'CPI',25-MAR-97

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was the average

monoterpene concentration for a given site on a given day.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None given.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

Page 10
9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

None given.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

The data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

None given.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

None given.

Page 11
14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The monoterpene concentration data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and

Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 12
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Jaeger, C.H. and R.K. Monson. 1992. Adaptive Significance Of Nitrogen Storage In

Bistorta-Bistortoides, An Alpine Herb Oecologia 92: (4) 578-585.

Lerdau M., P. Matson, R. Fall, and R. Monson. 1995.Ecological Controls Over Monoterpene

Emissions From Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga-Menziesii) Ecology 76: (8) 2640-2647.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None given.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 13
ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

E1

EOS

EOSDIS

FID

GC/MS

GIS

GSFC

HTML

NAD83

NASA

NMHC

NSA

OA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

SSA

TF

TGB

TKN

URL

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Electron Ionization

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Flame Ionization Detector

- Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer

- Geographic Information System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hyper-Text Markup Language

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space

- Nonmethane Hydrocarbon

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Southern Study Area

- Tower Flux

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

- Uniform Resource Locator

Interchange

Administration

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 28-Jul- 1997

Last updated: 06-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 28-Aug- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

Manuel Lerdau: Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony

Brook, NY 11794-5245 Marcy Litvak and Russell Monson: Department of Environmental, population

and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309

Page 14
If usingdatafromtheBOREASCD-ROM series,alsoreferencethedataas:

Lerdau,M., "TheRelationshipBetweenNon-MethaneHydrocarbonEmissionandLeafCarbon

Balancein theBorealForest:An Approachfor MechanisticEcosystemModeling."In CollectedDataof

TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.Eds.J.Newcomer,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K.

Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker, R.Strub,T. Twine, F.

Hall, andP.Sellers.CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

Also,citetheBOREASCD-ROMsetas:

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.CollectedDataof

TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 15
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-8 Monoterpene Concentration Data over the SSA-OBS

6. AUTHOR(S)

Manuel Lerdau

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 237

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

M. Lerdau: State University of New York, Stony Brook; S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-8 team collected data to investigate the controls over NMHC fluxes from boreal

forest tree species. This data set contains measurements of monoterpene concentrations in collected

foliar gas emissions and foliar samples. The data were collected at the OJP and OBS tower flux sites

in the SSA and were the locus for the monoterpene emission measurements. These areas contained

mature stands of jack pine and black spruce and were the focal sites in the BOREAS program for

studies of biosphere/atmosphere exchange from these two habitat types. The OBS site is situated in a

black spruce/sphagnum bog with the largest trees 155 years old and 10-15 m tall. The OJP site is in a

jack pine forest, 80 to 120 years old, which lies on a sandy bench of glacial outwash with the largest

tree standing 15 m tall. Temporally, the data cover the period of 24-May-1994 to 19-Sep-1994. The

data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

15

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

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