echnology Publications

5!ipplement 2: 1977

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Department of Commerce

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1978
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The

Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and

facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts

research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory,

and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology.

THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of

physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement

systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform

physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,

and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement,

standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational

institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government

Agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Absolute Physical Quantities^ — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and

Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science.

THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY provides technology and technical

services to users in the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve

national problems in the public interest; conducts research in engineering and applied science

in support of objectives in these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary

disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data

and measurement capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services;

develops test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops and

proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer

results of its research to the utlimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics — Electronics and Electrical Engineering^ — Mechanical

Engineering and Process Technology^ — Building Technology — Fire Research —

Consumer Product Technology — Field Methods.

THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts

research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal Agencies in the selection,

acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and

economy in Government operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759),

relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the

Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards

guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal Agencies; and

provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government.

The Institute consists of the following divisions:

Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Information Technology.

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. 'Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, Colorado, 80303.

The National Bureau of Standards was reorganized, effective April 9, 1978.
SEP 2 0 )97|

Supplement 2: 1977

BUILDING ,^MS0-^

\ oo

TECHNOLOGY '^"1

PUBLICATIONS

JoAnne R. Debelius, Editor

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

August 1978

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Sidney Harman, Under Secretary

Jordan Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 457-2

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 457-2, 113 pages (Aug. 1978)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1978

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3.25

Stock No. 003-003-01962-3
Introduction

This report presents the National Bureau of Standards'

Center for Building Technology (CBT) publications for

calendar year 1977. It is the second supplement to NBS

Special Publication 457, Building Technology Publications 1965-

1975, and lists all CBT documents issued during the period

from January 1, 1977 to December 31, 1977. It includes titles

and abstracts of each NBS publication and papers published

in non-NBS media; key word and other indexes; and general

information and instructions on how to order CBT publications.

This report provides the means of communicating the results

of CBT research to its various technical audiences, as well as

to the general public. Publications constitute a major end

product of CBT's efforts and, in 1977, appeared in several

NBS publication series (Building Science Series, Technical

Notes, Special Publications, Handbooks and NBS Interagency

Reports) as well as non—NBS published media such as the

technical and trade publications. NBS publication abbreviations are:

BSS - Building Science Series

TN - Technical Note

SP - Special Publication

H - Handbook

NBSIR - National Bureau of Standards Interagency Report

GCR - Government Contract Report

This document is divided into three main sections. The first

Titles and Abstracts, provides report titles, author(s), date of

publication, selected key words, and abstracts of NBS technical reports and papers published in outside sources. The

Author Index cites each CBT author and gives the publication

title and/or number of those documents listed in this supplement. The Key Word Index is a subject index, listing one-word

summaries of the building research topics for each publication and paper. By selecting a main word or subject, which is listed alphabetically, the user is able to locate reports of

interest through the subject-related words found in the key

word index.

CBT is part of the National Engineering Laboratory, National

Bureau of Standards. NBS undertakes basic and applied re- search in many disciplines other than building technology.

Interested readers will find NBS research publications listed

in NBS Special Publication 305, Publications of the National

Bureau of Standards and its supplements, from which parts of

this report have been taken.

iii
Most current CBT publications (excluding NBS Interagency

Reports ) are available from the Superintendent of Documents,

U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

Microfiche and paper copies of most CBT publications may be

ordered through the National Technical Information Service,

U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Two

other sources are the Department of Commerce field offices

and libraries designated to receive government publications.

The current price list and availability of publications listed in

the report are given in Appendix C.

Department of Commerce Field Offices are maintained in the

cities listed in Appendix B. Their purpose is to provide ready

access at the local level, to publications, statistical statements,

and surveys. Each Field Office serves as an official sales

agent of the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office. These offices make available for local purchase a wide range of Government publications. The reference library maintained by each Field office contains many

Government and private publications, periodicals, directories,

reports, and other reference materials.

The libraries listed in Appendix A are designated depositories

for Government publications and are now receiving selected

publication series of the National Bureau of Standards for

general reference use. While every Government publication

cannot be sent to all depository libraries, certain designated

Regional libraries are required to receive and retain one copy

of all Government publications made available either in

printed or microfiche form. To obtain information on which

publications are available, please contact the depository

library in your area. The Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress,

Washington, D.C. 20540, makes photoduplicates of material

in its collections for research use. National Bureau of Standards publications are on file at the library, so that copies of

any Bureau document that is out of print usually can be

obtained. Full information concerning this service may be

secured by writing to the Library of Congress at the address

noted above. In making such inquiry, it is important to give

an accurate and complete identification whenever possible

(author, title, place of publication, name of series and

number, if known) of the document desired.
Contents

TITLES AND ABSTRACTS 1

Building Science Series 3

Technical Notes 9

Special Publications 11

Handbooks 32

NBS Interagency Reports 33

Government Contract Reports 40

Papers Published in Non-NBS Media, 1977 41

AUTHOR INDEX 51

KEY WORD INDEX 57

APPENDIX A.

List of Depository Libraries in the United States

93

APPENDIX B. 107

List of Field Offices of the U.S. Department of Commerce

APPENDIX C. 109

CBT Publication Order Numbers and Price List

1

BUILDING SCIENCE SERIES

Building Science Series reports disseminate technical infor- mation developed at the Center on building materials, components, systems, and whole structures. The series presents

research results, test methods, and performance criteria related

to the structural and environmental functions and the durability

and safety characteristics of building elements and systems.

BSS62. Evaluation of structural properties of masonry in exist- ing buildings, S. G. Fattal and L. E. Cattaneo, Nai. Bur.

Stand. (t/.5.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 62, 127 pages (Mar. 1977)

SN003-003-0 1738-8.

Key words; analysis; compressive strength; deflection; design; flexural strength; masonry walls; racking strength;

seismic loading; shear strength; shear wall; stiffness.

The current state of knowledge on the structural behavior of

masonry is synthesized to develop a methodology for the evaluation of the load capacity of masonry walls in existing

buildings. A procedure is described for direct sampling and

testing of specimens removed from masonry walls of buildings

to determine their strength in shear, flexure and compression,

and to measure their load-deformation characteristics. A documentation of strength and stiffness properties obtained from

available test data is included to provide an alternate source of

information on masonry of comparable construction. Sample

calculations of masonry building analysis for seismic forces are

given in Appendices A and B.

BSS93. Dynamic performance of a residential air-to-air heat pump, G. E. Kelly and J. Bean, Nal. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg.

Sci. Ser. 93, 18 pages (Mar. 1977) SN003-003-01691-8.

Key words; cooling and heating coefficients of per- formance; effective seasonal heating COP; heat pumps;

heat pumps and energy conservation; part-load per- formance; seasonal performance factor.

Information is presented on the dynamic performance of a

5-ton air-to-air heat pump, which was installed in a residence

in the Washington, D.C. area. The effect of part-load operation on the heat pump's COOLING and HEATING coefficients of

performance (COP) was determined. When the pump operated

in the heating mode at outdoor temperatures below 40 °F (4.4

°C), a considerable discrepancy was found to exist between the measured performance and the performance data supplied by

the manufacturers. This discrepancy is apparently due to the adverse effects of frost buildup and defrosting of the outdoor

coil. The seasonal performance factor (SPF) of the heat pump

was estimated and then traced back to the power plant to obtain an "EFFECTIVE SPF" which is then compared with the performance which might be expected from fossil-fuel heating

equipment.

BSS94. Investigation of the Skyline Plaza Collapse in Fairfax

County, Virginia, E. V. Leyendecker and S. G. Fattal, Nat.

Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 94, 91 pages (Feb. 1977)

SN003-003-0 1696-9.

Key words: apartment building; collapse; concrete; concrete strength; construction; flexure; progressive collapse; shear; strength.

The collapse of the Skyline Plaza apartment building A-4 has

been studied by using information contained in case records of

the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),

U.S. Department of Labor and obtained from on-site inspections by investigators from the National Bureau of Standards.

Noncompliance with OSHA construction standards has been

identified with regard to formwork, field-cured concrete specimens and crane installation. Specifically, the construction

procedures did not comply with standards for the removal of

supporting forms. It is concluded that premature removal of

forms was a contributing factor to the collapse in building A4. An analysis of the 23rd-floor slab indicates that its most likely mode of failure was in shear around one or more columns

in section 3 of the fioor slab. The strength of the 23rd-noor

slab on the day of collapse has been estimated to be at a level that removal of shoring could have produced shear failure in the slab.

BSS96. Hourly solar radiation data for vertical and horizontal surfaces on average days in the United States and Canada, T. Kusuda and K. Ishii, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 96, 412 pages (Apr. 1977) SN003-003-01698-5.

Key words; computer; energy; radiation; solar.

The majority of the available solar radiation data for the United States and Canada are in the form of either monthly

averages of daily total radiation on a horizontal surface or hourly values for cloudless days on horizontal, tilted, and verti- cal surfaces. Hourly solar radiation data for walls and roofs under "average" solar conditions were computed in order to be

able to make estimates of the effect that incident solar radia- tion has on a building and/or its heating and air conditioning

system over a heating and/or cooling season. Calculation

procedures developed by Liu and Jordan were modified and

hourly solar radiation data were compiled for 80 locations in the United States and Canada. Data were also computed and

tabulated for a new parameter called "sol-air temperature for glass."

BSS97. Evaluation of ventilation requirements and energy con- sumption in existing New York City school buildings, S. T.

Liu, C. M. Hunt, and F. J. Powell, Nat. Bur. Stand. (.U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 97, 69 pages (Apr. 1977) SN003-003-0 1 768-

0.

Key words: computerized thermal simulation; CO2 concentration; energy conservation in schools; energy consumption; energy utilization in schools; oxygen content; reduced

ventilation rate; school operation schedule; ventilation test. A study was made, under the sponsorship of the National

Science Foundation and in collaboration with the New York

City Board of Education, of the energy consumption and ventilation requirements of typical existing urban public schools,

for the purpose of determining the pattern of energy usage in such public schools so that effective energy conservation measures can be taken both for existing schools and for future new

school design.

Electricity and fuel-oil consumption data from May 1970

through April 1973 on 19 existing schools provided by the New

York City Board of Education were analyzed. Analysis showed

that the overall energy consumption of 17 of the 19 schools

varied by a factor of less than 2. Average yearly consumptions

per 1,000 ft^ (92.9 m^) gross floor area of 5,250 kWh of electrical energy and 417 gallons of No. 6 fuel oil (2.03 x 10" J and

0.017 m'^ per m^ of gross floor area), were selected as a norm

typical of the existing schools. These figures correspond to 82,400 Btu/year-( gross) ft^ (29.7 W/m^) at the building line or an estimated 126,000 Btu/year-( gross) ft" (45.4 W/m^) when

calculated in terms of raw fuel at the generating plant. The

figures can be used for future comparison purposes with a new

energy conservation school. A computerized thermal energy

simulation, using the program NBSLD, was performed on one

of the schools having an energy consumption close to the norm. The results showed good agreement between the predicted and

measured monthly electricity and fuel-oil consumption data. Detailed analysis of the pattern of energy consumption showed

3
that 75 percent of the thermal energy during the heating season was used for the heating of outdoor air for ventilation purposes, and 80 percent of the electrical energy was used for lighting.

A ventilation test was conducted over a 4-day period in a

typical classroom. It was found that a reduction of the air change rate from the normal 4.6 changes per hour to 1.3 changes per hour did not significantly change the indoor en- vironment as expressed in terms of temperature, relative humidity, oxygen content level, and COj concentration level. However, computation indicates that, when no mechanical ventilation was provided, the CO2 concentration level would ex- ceed the 0.5 percent safety limit, indicating that natural air in- filtration alone will not provide adequate ventilation for the

general health and safety of the students.

BSS98. Design methods for reducing the risk of progressive col- lapse in buildings, E. V. Leyendecker and B. R. Ellingwood,

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 98, 68 pages (Apr.

1977) SN003-003-01765-5.

Key words: abnormal loading; alternate path; building

code; design criteria; probability; progressive collapse; reliability; structural engineering; uncertainty.

A progressive collapse is described as a chain reaction of

failures following damage to a relatively small portion of a

structure. The damage which results characteristically is out of

proportion to the damage which initiated the collapse. The

basic concepts associated with progressive collapse are described and the background leading to the concepts is summarized. Possible causes of progressive collapse are discussed,

with concentration on abnormal events which have a low

probability of occurrence but may have catastrophic consequences. A case study of the probability of structural failure as a consequence of one type of abnormal load (a gas explosion) shows that these probabilities exceed levels generally considered acceptable to engineers.

Direct design strategies for reducing progressive collapse are described as (I) the Alternate Path Method and (2) the

Specific Local Resistance Method. Equations for load combinations, including appropriate load factors, are presented for each

design method. The advantages and disadvantages of each ap- proach are described and it is concluded that the alternate path

method affords the designer more flexibility. Although the design strategies are applicable to any type of structure at any

time in its life cycle, this report provides detailed recommendations for completed buildings.

ESS 100- 1. Building to resist the effect of wind. Volume 1: Overview, R. D. Marshall, N. J. Raufaste, Jr., and S. A. Kliment,

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 100-1, 34 pages (May

1977) SN003-003-01717-5.

Key words: codes and standards; disaster mitigation; housing; low-rise buildings; socio-economics; structural connections; technology transfer; wind loads.

This document presents the background, goals, procedures

and results of a project to develop improved design criteria that would make low-rise buildings in developing countries better able to withstand the effects of extreme winds. The project

stemmed from the belief that additional research on wind was needed to reduce loss of life and property, human suffering,

disruption of productive capacity and costs of disaster relief. The 3 1/2 year project began in early 1973 and produced these

results: the development of improved design criteria; a methodology for the estimation of extreme wind speeds; the development of wind tunnel modeling techniques; a heightened awareness of the wind problem and the need to guard against

it; the emergence of useful working relationships between

NBS/AID and public and private decisions makers in developing countries subject to extreme winds, especially the Philippines, Jamaica and Bangladesh; and the documentation of important information in the areas of wind design speeds and

pressure coefficients, economic forecasting, socio-economic

and architectural concerns, and construction detailing practices. Also during the project, a program began in the training

of professionals and technicians in developing countries to carry out wind measurements and analyses. In addition,

methods to ensure transfer of information to user groups were employed.

BSS 100-2. Building to resist the effect of wind. Volume 2: Esti- mation of extreme wind speeds and guide to the determination

of wind forces, E. Simiu and R. D. Marshall, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 100-2, 29 pages (May 1977) SN003-

003-01718-3.

Key words: building codes; buildings; codes and standards; housing; hurricanes; pressure coefficients; probability dis- tribution functions; risk; statistical analysis; storms; structural engineering; tropical storms; wind loads; wind speeds.

The Agency for International Development sponsored with

the National Bureau of Standards, a three and a half year

research project to develop improved design criteria for lowrise buildings to better resist the effects of extreme winds.

Project results are presented in five volumes. Volume 1 gives a background of the research activities, accomplishments,

results, and recommendations. In Volume 3, a guide for improved use of masonry fasteners and timber connectors are

discussed. Volume 4 furnishes a methodology to estimate and

forecast housing needs at a regional level. Socioeconomic and

architectural considerations for the Philippines, Jamaica, and

Bangladesh are presented in Volume 5. Volume 2 consists of two reports. The first reviews the

theoretical and practical considerations that are pertinent to the estimation of probabilistically defined wind speeds. Results of the statistical analysis of extreme wind data in the Philippines are presented and interpreted. Recommendations based on these results are made with regard to the possible redefini- tion of wind zones, and tentative conclusions are drawn regarding the adequacy of design wind speeds currently used in the

Philippines. Report two describes some of the more common

flow mechanisms which create wind pressures on low-rise buildings and the effects of building geometry on these pressures. It is assumed that the basic wind speeds are known and

a procedure is outlined for calculating design wind speeds

which incorporates the expected life of the structure, the mean

recurrence interval, and the wind speed averaging time. Pres- sure coefficients are tabulated for various height-to-width ratios and roof slopes. The steps required to calculate pressures and

total drag and uplift forces are summarized and an illustrative example is presented.

BSS 100-3. Building to resist the effect of wind. Volume 3: A

guide for improved masonry and timber connections in buildings, S. G. Fattal, G. E. Sherwood, and T. L. Wilkinson,

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 100-3, 56 pages (May

1977) SN003-003-01719-1.

Key words: codes and standards; connectors; fasteners; low-rise buildings; masonry walls' structural design;

technology transfer; timber roofs; timber walls; wind ef- fects.

The Agency for International Development sponsored with

the National Bureau of Standards, a 3V4 year research project

to develop improved design criteria for low-rise buildings to better resist the effects of extreme winds. This report contains

information gathered from this project.

4
This report investigates the use of connectors for masonry

and timber elements in low-rise buildings. Connector characteristics and construction details that improve a building's response to extreme wind effects are given primary emphasis.

Recommendations include improvements through better utiliza- tion of connector technology showing good feasibility of in- troduction in developing countries. The building systems considered in this study fall within the low to moderate cost

category.

Project results are presented as five volumes. Volume 1 gives an overview of the research activities, accomplishments, results, and recommendations. Volume 2 presents a methodology to estimate design wind speeds and a guide to determine wind

forces. In Volume 3, a guide for improved use of masonry

fasteners and timber connectors are discussed. Volume 4

furnishes a methodology to estimate and forecast housing needs

at a regional level. Socio-economic and architectural considerations of the Philippines, Jamaica, and Bangladesh are presented

in Volume 5.

BSS 100-4. Building to resist the effect of wind. Volume 4: Forecasting the economics of housing needs: A methodological

guide, J. G. Kowalski, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 100-4, 36 pages (May 1977) SN003-003-0 1720-5.

Key words: development; forecasts; growth; housing needs;

projections.

The Agency for International Development sponsored with

the NBS, a 3% year research project to develop improved

design criteria for low-rise buildings to better resist the effects

of extreme winds. Housing is probably the single most important consumer good in most economies. Measuring the size of

a region's unmet housing need is a first step to planning and

implementing improvements in housing conditions. This report

analyzes the concept of housing needs in an economic

framework. A methodology for estimating and projecting housing needs at the regional level is developed. The methodology

attempts to make explicit the income redistribution intent which is the core meaning behind the concept of housing

needs.

Project results are presented in fwe volumes. Volume 1 gives an overview of the research activities, accomplishments, results and recommendations. Volume 2 presents a methodology to estimate design wind speeds and a guide to determine wind

forces. Volume 3 discusses a guide for improved use of masonry fasteners and timber connectors. Volume 4 furnishes a methodology to estimate and forecast housing needs at a re- gional level. Socio-economic and architectural considerations of

the Philippines, Jamaica and Bangladesh are presented in Volume 5.

5
BSSIOO-S. Building to resist the effect of wind. Volume 5: Housing in extreme winds: Socio-economic and architectural considerations, S. A. Kliment, Nal. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci.

Ser. 100-5, 37 pages (May 1977) SN003-003-01721-3.

Key words: architectural; design; housing; low income; lowrise buildings; sites and services; socio-economic; structural design; wind-resistant.

Typical socio-economic conditions in the Philippines, Jamaica, and Bangladesh are identified. These conditions include

strong respect for traditional materials and methods of house

construction, and suspicion of innovative forms and ap- proaches; a rising proportion of urban poor who live in squatter

settlements; and a rising ratio of inhabitants whose incomes are

at a level where they cannot afford housing of any kind. The

importance of land from a social standpoint is stressed. The re- port reviews the sites and services concept whereby low income

persons are provided a site equipped with basic utilities but

must erect and maintain a house upon it. Recommendations in- clude: placement of buildings to exploit terrain; adherence to good practices in the configurations of the main elements of a house (these are shown by means of simple drawings); use, of

cheap, strong and locally available materials. This report is one of a five volume series describing the . results of a three and a half year research study to develop improved design criteria for low-rise buildings to better resist the

effects of extreme winds. The project was sponsored by the Agency for International Development, Dept. of State. Vol. 1 gives a background of the research activities, accomplishments,

results and recommendations. Vol. 2 presents a methodology to estimate design wind speeds and a guide to determine wind

forces. In Vol. 3, a guide for improved use of masonry fasteners and timber connectors are discussed. Vol. 4 furnishes a methodology to estimate and forecast housing needs at a re- gional level.

BSS103. Exploratory study of glowing electrical connections, W.

J. Meese and R. W. Beausoliel, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg.

Sci. Ser. 103, 29 pages (Oct. 1977) SN003-003-01 859-7.

Key words: arcing/sparking; branch circuit; contact re- sistance; electrical connections; fire hazard; glowing electrical connections.

This report describes and characterizes with quantifiable

electrical and thermal measures the extent to which loose electrical connections in residential-type branch circuits have over- heated in the laboratory. With loose electrical connections,

which conceivably could be inadvertently duplicated in field installations, but with otherwise normal installation and operating

conditions, visible glows have been observed under laboratory

test conditions in normal 120-volt, 15 and 20 ampere branch

circuits with both copper and aluminium wire. Characteristics

of the glow condition are differentiated from arcing/sparking as sometimes observed in making or breaking electric circuits. Glowing electrical connections may dissipate as much as 35

watts of power with a current of 15 amps in the circuit and as much as 5 watts with a current of 0.8 amp in the circuit. Temperatures over 750 °F were measured on the "break-off tab"

of receptacles. Metal outlet boxes housing glowing connections

in an insulated wall test set-up representative of a common type

of residential construction attained temperatures in excess of

450 °F. In laboratory tests under repetitive, intermittent and

periodic cycles, a connection on a steel wire-binding screw of a receptacle open to the air had sustained glow conditions

maintained for over 100 hours. Glowing connections will not

perceptibly affect the electrical performance function of lights,

appliances or other electrical loads, and will not "blow" fuses,

trip circuit breakers or operate ground fault circuit interrupters.

BSS104. Window design strategies to conserve energy, S. R. Hastings and R. W. Crenshaw, Nal. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg.

Sci. Ser. 104, 209 pages (June 1977) SN003-003-0 1794-9.

Key words: air-tightness; daylighting; energy-conservation; I insulation; shading; solar-heating; ventilation; windows. ' A multitude of design strategies are available to achieve '

energy-efficient windows. Opportunities for improving window

performance fall into six groups: site, exterior appendages,

frame, glazing, interior accessories, and building interior. Design strategies within these groups can improve one or more

of the six energy functions of windows: solar heating,

daylighting, shading, insulation, air tightness, and ventilation. Included in this report are 33 strategies; an explanation of the

physical phenomena responsible for each strategie's energy per- formance, summarized energy and non-energy advantages and

disadvantages; aesthetic considerations; cost approximations;

example installations, laboratory studies, or calculations by the L authors; and references. Intended readers include professional i designers, lessors and owners of commercial space, home j buyers and owners, window component manufacturers, and i researchers. The report's purpose is to draw attention to the wide range of options currently available to conserve energy

with windows.

BSS106. Earthquake resistant masonry construction: National

worlishop. Proceedings of a National Workshop held at the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO, Sept. 13-16,

1976, R. A. Crist and L. E. Cattaneo, Eds., Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 106, 372 pages (Sept. 1977) SN003-

003-00000-0.

Key words: building codes and standards; design criteria; earthquake resistance; msisonry construction; seismic

design; structural design; structural engineering; structural research.

The National Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Masonry

Construction provided an exchange of information between

researchers and practicing engineers for the purpose of orient- ing pertinent research toward national needs concerning current problems related to design criteria. These proceedings contain the reports presented by researchers and by users of design

criteria, as well as transcripts of the discussions which followed

the individual presentations. In addition, the proceedings in- clude recommendations which emanated from working sessions

held by five working groups of participants. Technical areas covered by the groups were (1) code requirements, (2) design

criteria, (3) mathematical models, (4) test standardization and

material properties, and (5) retrofit and repair. The recommendations were derived to identify research which would lead to improved output in each of the technical areas in order to benefit national needs. These proceedings include the following papers (indented):

A perspective view: Brick masonry construction in the

U.S.A., A. H. Yorkdale, BSS106, pp. 9-16 (Sept. 1977).

A perspective view: Concrete masonry construction in the U.S.A., T. B. Redmond, BSS106, pp. 17-39 (Sept. 1977).

Earthquake resistant masonry construction: A perspective

view of needed research, R. A. Crist, BSSI06, pp. 40-59

(Sept. 1977).

Key words: building codes and standards; design criteria; earthquake resistance; limit states design; masonry construction; materials testing standardization; mathematical

models; rehabilitation; retrofit; seismic design; structural design; structural research.

6
An overview of the areas of research needed for improved engineering design of earthquake resistant masonry

construction is given and followed by a presentation of the information in the form of a 3-dimensional matrix model.

The elements of the matrix representing areas of research

and their coordinate intersections (combinations) are used

to develop the structuring of a workshop in which 5 major

areas of consideration are shown to emerge. These 5 categories of: design criteria; standardized tests for material properties; mathematical models; rehabilitation and

retrofit; and code requirements; together with respective

task statements are each described, in order to organize

corresponding workshop groups for accomplishment of the

tasks. In conclusion, an order of assigning priorities to needed research is established.

Seismic research on masonry—University of California,

Berkeley, 1972-1977, R. L. Mayes, R. W. Clough, and Y. Omote, BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: connections; houses; masonry; piers; research;

seismic; shear walls; spandrel beams.

This paper describes the scope of the seismic research program that has been ongoing at the Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California,

Berkeley since September, 1972. The program currently

has two major parts. The first is an experimental and

analytical study of multistory buildings and the second is an experimental study of housing construction. A summary

of results of tests completed to date is included together

with a description of tests currently in progress and those planned in the near future.

Expected performance of uniform building code designed

masonry buildings, R. L. Mayes, R. W. Clough, Y. Omote,

and S. W. Chen, BSS106, pp. 91-113 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: codes; design; dynamic analysis; masonry; shear

walls.

The paper presents a summary of a study on the evaluation of the seismic design sections of the 1972, 1973, 1974

and 1976 Uniform Building Codes, and the recommended

Comprehensive Seismic Design Provisions for Buildings

prepared by the Applied Technology Council (ATC-3). In order to evaluate the various codes a three, a nine and a seventeen story building of similar floor plan were studied. The seismic design stresses were calculated in these

buildings by the specific code procedures as well as the

stress state predicted by a realistic dynamic earthquake

response procedure. The adequacy of the codes was then

evaluated by comparison of the two types of stress predictions. The conclusion of the study was that the increasing conservatism of the more recent codes is justified and that greater conservatism is necessary in the most recent codes

in buildings of moderate height, such as the nine and

seventeen story buildings considered in this study.

An experimental study of concrete masonry under seismic- type loading, G. A. Hegemier, G. Krishnamoorthy, and R. O.

Nunn, BSS106,pp. 114-153 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: earthquake damage analysis; masonry; rheology, material.

This paper outlines portions of a comprehensive research

program on concrete masonry. Objectives, scope, methodology, and sample results obtained to date are presented. Where appropriate practical implications of the

latter are delineated. Future experiments are discussed.

An experimental study of connections in reinforced concrete masonry: Masonry structures under seismic loading, J. Isen- berg, G. A. Hegemier, and A. Anvar, BSSI06, pp. 154-165

(Sept. 1977).

Key words: masonry; masonry panels; seismic loading.

This paper describes a University of California, San

Diego test program to determine the behavior of typical floor-to-wall connections utilized in reinforced concrete masonry structures. The experiments are part of an extensive research effort on the seismic response of reinforced concrete masonry buildings.

Masonry research and codes in the United Kingdom, W. B. Cranston, BSSI06, pp. 166-1 76 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: masonry codes. United Kingdom; masonry

research. A brief description of the various research projects

known to the author is given, defining the objectives, conclusions and tentative conclusions where appropriate.

Selected references are also given. The second part of the paper gives details of some of the proposed changes and

additions to the United Kingdom Masonry Code.

The capacity of unreinforced masonry shear walls under

membrane loads, S. G. Fattal, BSS106, pp. 177-197 (Sept.

1977).

Key words: brick; clay masonry; concrete block; concrete masonry; failure modes; load capacity; masonry walls; shear walls; splitting strength; ultimate capacity.

Four different types of unreinforced masonry walls and

miscellaneous companion prisms were subjected to various

configurations of membrane forces to study shear wall limit states in both clay brick and concrete masonry. The

specimens that were subjected to diagonal compression, in combination with edge loads applied normal to the bed

joint, generally displayed failure modes characterized by

diagonal splitting through the masonry units or by separation along the mortar joints. The test results exhibited a dependence between diagonal load capacity and the intensity of normal lodas. Square specimens of dissimilar size but similar in composition developed comparable strength

when subjected to diagonal loading alone, providing an ex- perimental basis for evaluating the diagonal compressive

strength of masonry by standard tests using small prisms.

The directional variation of strength was investigated by means of diametral compression tests of circular walls and

diagonal compression tests of rectangular prisms having

different aspect ratios.

Canadian code requirements for masonry in earthquake

zones, A. H. P. Maurenbrecher, BSS106, pp. 198-213 (Sept.

1977).

Key words: bricks; buildings; Canada; concrete blocks; design standards; earthquake resistant structures; masonry.

This paper gives a short review of Canadian seismic

requirements for masonry buildings contained in the 1975

National Building Code of Canada and in the proposed

revision to the masonry code—CSA draft Standard

8304—Masonry Design and Construction for Buildings.

HEW activity in masonry design and construction, R. M.

Webb, BSS106, pp. 215-217 (Sept. 1977).

NAVFAC interests in earthquake resistant masonry construction, J. V. Tyrrell, BSS106, p. 220 (Sept. 1977).

,7
Summary of the Veterans Administration Engineering Pro- gram, P. M. Sears, BSS106. pp. 221-227 (Sept. 1977).

Seismic requirements of the Phoenix Construction Code, R. C. Hildebrandt. BSSI06, pp. 228-237 (Sept. 1977).

Concerns of the NYC Housing Authority in the design of multifamily masonry residential structures, E. Nadel, BSS106,

pp. 238-242 (Sept. 1977).

Requirements of a seismic resistant masonry construction

code, C. C. Lederer, BSSJ06, pp. 243-248 (Sept. 1977).

Some research needs of earthquake-resistant masonry, J. E. Amrhein, BSSW6, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: anchor bolts; bond; damping; ductility;

earthquake resistance; energy absorption; modulus of

elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear modulus; testing;

ultimate strength.

This paper outlines in general terms many specific needs

of the masonry industry to obtain information, establish performance parameters, improve the final product and

develop design criteria. It points up the many areas where

information is lacking as related to dynamic seismic per- formance and reliability.

Suggested researchable items relating to masonry construction, J. F. Meehan, BSS106, pp. 259-274 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: allowable bolt loads, end distance, edge

distance and spacing; drift; face shells, reinforcing splices;

high lift grouting; shotcrete, surface wave instrumentation; veneer anchorage.

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief overview

of needs believed necessary to improve the resistance of

masonry construction to earthquake forces.

A view on some prerequisites for improved earthquake re- sistant masonry construction, M. E. Werner, BSSI06, pp. 275-282 (Sept. 1977).

Arching in masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane forces, B. L. Gabrielsen and K. Kaplan, BSS106, pp. 283-313 (Sept.

1977).

Key words: arching; masonry walls.

Nonreinforced masonry walls, confined between rigid

supports that restrict in-plane motions and rotation of wall elements about the supports, can display very high re- sistance to out-of-plane forces by forming three-hingfed

arches after cracking in flexure. Analysis indicates that two

different types of arching can occur depending on whether

a wall is tightly fitted between supports (rigid arching), or

is separated from one support by a small gap (gapped

arching).

Special static tests were devised to investigate the kinds

of loading that occur at the hinges of the arches (line

loadings). These tests indicated that rigid arching walls can

resist 6 to 8 times the loads that gapped arching walls can, although gapped arching walls are still considerably

stronger than either cantilevered walls or walls mounted as simple beams.

An extensive dynamic test program involving full-scale walls, 8 1/2 ft (2.6 m) high and 12 ft (3.7 m) wide, sub- jected to blast waves in a large shock tunnel, confirmed

that brick walls undergoing rigid arching could withstand

loadings as high as 19 psi (131 kN/m^) equivalent to about

34 g. These walls cracked in flexure but did not fail, and

then withstood many cycles of reversing loadings with max- ima equivalent to accelerations greater than 1 g.

Some thoughts on minimum requirements for the seismic

design of load bearing masonry buildings, R. M. Gensert,

BSSI06, pp. 314-326 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: current research; ductility; full scale testing;

high-rise masonry; scale factors; shear walls. A shear wall is analyzed for a 5, 10 and 15-story build- ing for two typical wind zones and four seismic zones. The

result shows that one might design a tall unreinforced

building in all zones but 3 and 4 for seismic conditions. It

is suggested that the need for criteria regarding ductility

should come from the testing of actual buildings.

8
TECHNICAL NOTES

Technical Notes present data which are complete in themselves but are not as comprehensive in scope or as definitive

in treatment of the subjects as reported in Building Science Series.

TN933. An infrared technique for heat-loss measurement, D. M.

Burch, T. Kusuda, and D. G. Blum, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 933, 52 pages (Apr. 1977) SN003-0O3-0 1746-9.

Key words: heat-flow measurements; infrared heat-loss measurement technique; measurement technology; ther- mography.

This paper describes a newly developed technique for measuring heat-loss rate utilizing an infrared television system. A

device called a heat-flow reference pad was developed that makes it possible to measure quantitatively the heat-loss rate through the surface of a building without the need for a conventional heat-flow meter to be mounted on the surface. Technical considerations for the design of a heat-flow reference

pad are presented. The infrared measurement technique pre- dicted heat-loss rates in the laboratory and field within approximately 12 percent.

TN934. Preservation of historic adobe structures—A status re- port, J. R. Clifton, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 934,

35 pages (Feb. 1977) SN003-003-01 740-0.

Key words: adobe building materials; adobe soil; mechanical properties; moisture determination; preservation

technology.

The physicochemical and mechanical properties of adobe

soils and building materials, and the technology of preserving

historic adobe structures have been critically reviewed. In most

cases, the deterioration of adobe structures can be directly or

indirectly correlated with the presence of excess moisture.

Therefore, the successful preservation of most historic adobe

structures depends largely on effectively protecting these struc- tures from water. This review indicates that the technology of

preserving adobe structures needs further development to ensure the longevity of the structures. Areas in which research is needed have been identified and

include: ( 1

) the development of standard methods to characterize the composition and physical properties of adobe soils, and the mechanical properties of adobe brick; (2) nondestructive methods to measure the water contents of and water movement in adobe st4'uctures; and (3) the evaluation of the effec- tiveness of different types of preservation materials and

methods.

TN938. Recommended practice for the use of metric (Si) ohHs

in building design and constructien, H. J. Milton, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 938, 47 pages (Apr. 1977) SN003-

003-01761-2.

Key words: International System of Units (SI); metric

design and construction; recommended SI practice.

This Technical Note contains a comprehensive set of recommendations for the use of metric (SI) units in building design

and construction.

It includes descriptive material dealing with the structure of

the International System of Units (SI); rules and recommendations for the presentation of SI units and symbols, and of numerical values associated with SI; a set of tables showing working units and typical applications for SI units in building design

and construction; and a section dealing with special considerations in the selection and use of SI units in design and construction. Appendixes show conversion factors for the most common

units; superseded metric units not recommended for use with

SI; an SI units and relationships chart; and appropriate

references.

This document was prepared to provide the technical basis for an ASTM reference standard on recommended practice for the use of metric (SI) units in building design and construction.

TN940. The representation and use of design specifications, S.

J. Fenves and R. N. Wright, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 940, 51 pages (June 1977) SN003-003-OI 790-6.

Key words: building codes; computer programming; deci- sion tables; graph theory; performance specifications; stan- dards.

Design specifications are presented as the primary communication and control tool for the design and construction industry. Requisite properties of completeness, uniqueness and cor- rectness are identified, and the role of performance and limit state concepts in specifying intent of the specifications are emphasized. Formal representation methods are presented at three levels: decision tables for specification provisions, an in- formation network for related provisions, and argument trees for organizing and outlining. An idealized process for specifica- tion development is presented, and the use of the representational tools for checking specifications and providing strategies for textual expression is described and illustrated. Development

of computer aids for specification processing in design and con- formance checking is described.

TN94 1 . Stone preservatives: Methods of laboratory testing and

preliminary performance criteria, G. A. Sleater, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 941, 79 pages (May 1977) SN003-

003-01727-2.

Key words: accelerated laboratory testing; performance

criteria; stone decay; stone preservatives.

Although numerous materials have been proposed as preservatives for stone in historic buildings and monuments, their ef- ficacy is difficult to establish. In the work described here, a laboratory research program of accelerated simulated stone decay was used to obtain data on stone preservatives and to suggest criteria for their selection. Over 50 materials usable as stone preservatives were tested. Tests to simulate stone decay were of two types: 1 . exposure

to combined weathering factors using a special test chamber for accelerated decay (CAD), in which chemical attack, salt and

water action, and thermal effects were simulated in one operation; 2. exposure to single causes of stone decay using sulfurous acid fog, sodium chloride fog, water condensation/evaporation

cycling, sodium sulfate penetration and crystallization, and ul- traviolet radiation. Methods for measuring the effects of the exposures are given

together with the test data; these have been used to set limits of acceptable performance in preliminary performance criteria for the selection of stone preservatives. The behavior of each

stone preservative tested in meeting these criteria is given. No

one stone preservative met all criteria.

9
TN946. Urea-formaldehyde based foam insulations: An assess- ment of their properties and performance, W. J. Rossiter, Jr., R, G. Mathey, D. M. Burch, and E. T. Pierce, Nat. Bur.

Stand. {U.S.), Tech. Note 946, 92 pages (July 1977) SN003-

003-01801-5.

Key words; cellular plastics; foam insulation; insulation; materials properties; performance; urea-formaldehyde.

The properties and performance of urea-formaldehyde based

foams pertinent to their use as insulation in buildings were as- sessed based essentially on existing information. Pertinent

materials properties were identified and guidelines prepared for the suggested values of these properties along with corresponding methods of test. For certain materials properties information was not found to enable suggested values of these properties. The factors affecting performance of urea-formaldehyde

based foam insulations were also identified and discussed. Some

performance factors could not be adequately evaluated because

of insufficient or contradictory data in the literature. Methods

of foam application were studied and suggested general application guidelines were prepared.

The advantages and disadvantages of using urea-formaldehyde based foam insulations were discussed and problem

areas identified. Recommendations were made pertaining to the use and assessment of urea-formaldehyde based foam insula- tions for residential construction.

TN953. A new portable tester for the evaluation of the slip-re- sistance of walkway surfaces, R. J. Brungraber, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 953, 51 pages (July 1977) SN003-

003-01796-5.

Key words: flooring; floor treatments; shoe sole and heel

materials; slip-resistance tester; walkway surfaces; waxes and polishes.

The paper describes the available devices for testing the slip- resistance developed between walkway surfaces and shoe sole or heel materials. The limitations of available testers are

detailed, and the need for a more reliable tester that can be

used on actual floors under true field conditions, such as in the presence of water, is shown. The design and development of

the new NBS-Brungraber Slip-Resistance Tester is described,

including a discussion of the test programs that were employed

to evaluate it.

10
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

This series includes proceedings of conferences sponsored by

the Center, and other special publications appropriate to this grouping including project summaries, list of publications, wall

charts, pocket cards, and bibliographies.

SP440. COLOR—Universal language and dictionary of names,

K. L. Kelly and D. B. Judd, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec.

Publ. 440, 184 pages (Dec. 1976) SN003-003-01 705- 1

.

Key words: centroid colors; color; color designations;

calorimetry; color names; color-order systems; Munsell

Color System; Universal Color Language; variable accura- cy of color designations.

The Universal Color Language (UCL) has been revised and

will be published together with the 7th printing of the Color

Names Dictionary. It serves as the means of updating the Dictionary. The UCL brings together all the well-known color- order systems and methods of designating color. It interrelates them in six correlated levels of fineness of color designation,

each higher level indicating a finer division of the color solid.

It follows closely the original requirements for the ISCC-NBS

Method of Designating Colors stated in the Color Names Dictionary. They were; a) accurate enough to satisfy a scientist, b)

usable enough to satisfy a manufacturer and c) simple enough

to be understood by the average person on the street. The first requirement is satisfied by levels 6 and 5, the second by levels

5, 4 and 3, and the third by levels 3, 2 and 1. The UCL is being increasingly used by science, art and industry. Instructions are included for the application of the UCL at each level.

SP446-1. Building technology project summaries 1976, M. Ol- mert, and CBT Management Group, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),

Spec. Publ. 446-1, 83 pages (Sept. 1977) SN-003-003-01 846-

5.

Key words: building research; building technology; codes;

criteria; project summaries; standards; technical bases. The Center for Building Technology provides the technical

and scientific bases for criteria and standards that improve the

usefulness, safety, and economy of buildings while conserving

building materials and energy. The Center's activities support

the building technology program of the Federal, State and local government; assist design professions, building officials and the research community by developing design criteria that improve

buildings; and assist manufacturers of building products by

developing criteria for evaluating innovative building materials. This report summarized the Center's projects for calendar year

1976. It enables individuals to get a clear impression of CBT

research activities.

SP4S7-1. Building technology publications 1976—Supplement 1,

J. R. Debelius, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 457-

1, 78 pages (June 1977) SN003-003-01802-3.

Key words: bibliography; building technology publications;

Center for Building Technology; key word-author indexes;

publication abstracts.

The complete citations for publications of the NBS Center

for Building Technology (CBT) are given for the period Janua- ry-December 1976. This supplement to NBS Special Publication 457, "Building Technology Publications 1965-1975," in- cludes the titles and abstracts for CBT papers published during

1976 in both NBS and non-NBS media; key-word and author

indexes are also included, along with general information and

the availability of CBT publications.

Publications constitute the major end product of CBT pro- grams and provide the primary means of communicating the

results of NBS programs to its varied technical audiences, as well as to the general public.

SP458. Metrication and dimensional coordination—A selected bibliography, R. E. Clark and C. L. Roat, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.), Spec. Publ. 458, 32 pages (Apr. 1977) SN003-003-

01684-5.

Key words: building codes and standards; construction in- dustry; dimensional coordination; metrication; metric

system; modular coordination; SI. The United States changeover to the use of the SI (International metric) measurement language presents our construction industry with the need to review and adapt many

product standards and practices for the use of metric measure- ment units. These adaptations and changes can bring substantial benefits to the industry in the form of permanently recurring cost savings. A practice of potentially great benefit would

be the incorporation of dimensional coordination in the new

metric standards for sizes of building products. For such

benefits to be realized, however, the involved issues must be ef- fectively addressed and the requisite decisions made and implemented. Considerable literature pertinent to the issues and

decisions has been published in the United States and in the other (primarily English-speaking) countries that have been implementing metrication and dimensional coordination in the past decade. This report aids construction industry consideration and resolution of metrication decisions by providing a guide to the best available sources relevant to the issues.

SP470. Wind and seismic effects. Proceedings of the Seventh

Joint Panel Conference of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Pro- gram in Natural Resources, May 20-23, 1975, Tokyo, Japan,

H. S. Lew, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 470, 513

pages (Apr. 1977) SN003-003-01 762-1

.

Key words: accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures; hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; vessels and wind.

The Seventh Joint Meeting of the U.S. -Japan Panel on Wind

and Seismic Effects was held in Tokyo, Japan on May 20-23,

1975. The proceedings of the Joint Meeting include the pro- gram, the formal resolutions, and the technical papers. The

subject matter covered in the papers includes characteristics of

strong wind; response of full-scale structures to wind action; geological distribution of seismic activity; maintenance of

strong motion accelerographs and data processing; strong

earthquake motions and ground failures; response of hydraulic

and building structures to seismic forces; aseismic considerations for vessels; recent revisions of design standards on wind

and seismic effects; joint research program utilizing large scale

testing facilities; and technological assistance to developing

countries. These proceedings include the following papers

(indented)

:

Present status of wind characteristics in Japan, K. Takeuchi, SP470, pp. 1-1—1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: field measurements; model; towers; wind; wind

observation; wind tunnel.

The present status of a study on the wind characteristics

in Japan is given herein. Observational studies constructed

from a tower and an array of towers are described in addition to results obtained from tethered balloons.

11
The observations obtained from towers in Tokushima

Pref. and analysis of the data, which were made by

Shiotani (1972 and 1974), are detailed and unique. Also

other observations from towers located at Tarama Island,

Okinawa Pref. are being conducted by Mitsuta (1974).

Detailed analysis of these observations are also presented.

Finally some model experiments on the local wind, using a tunnel, are also presented.

A reexamination of hurricane Camilla, A. R. Hull, SP470,

pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Key words; hurricane; storm surge; tropical storms; wind;

wind data; wind speed.

Newly available oceanographic and meteorological data on major storms and hurricanes striking the Gulf of Mexico during a 31 -month period provided by eight petroleum

firms present an opportunity to reexamine and reevaluate

Hurricane Camille, one of the most severe and destructive storms ever to strike the Gulf. (Maximum wave heights of

72 feet were recorded as the eye of the hurricane passed

within 15 miles of one measurement station.) The new

data on Camille comprise one of the most comprehensive

sets of oceanographic and meteorological information

available for such an extreme weather event and should

prove invaluable in basic research and offshore engineering

applications. With increasing availability of this type of in- formation likely as the Nation develops its offshore energy

resources, questions arise as to what procedures should be

followed to access, disseminate, and use these data most

effectively and what contributions this important new data

source may make to current knowledge of extreme storm

events and their effects on engineering structures. The data

available for Camille are examined to provide tentative an- swers to these questions.

Fire tornado and its maximum wind-speed, S. Soma and K. Suda, SP470, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: fires; fire tornados; tornado model; tornados;

wind speed.

Very few studies have been conducted on fire tornados,

owing to its rare occurrence. However, in Japan, much

public attention has been directed to this phenomenon in view of the fact that catastrophic damage has been caused

by two fire tornados. One such tornado developed during

the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 and another at Wakayama City in 1945. The cause of such catastrophic

damage, due to these fire tornados is two-fold. One is the

formation of a tornado, in burning of the urban area, and

the other is the peculiar feature that the tornado is accompanied by strong winds.

In the present report, the characteristics of the fire tor- nados, which have been experienced in Japan are reported

and the estimated maximum wind speed in the tornados

are given.

A research project on the wind flow around tall buildings, T. Murota and K. Nakano, SP470, pp. 1-42 —1-49 (Apr.

1977).

Key words: building; wind; wind effects; wind loads; wind

observation; wind speed.

The problem of wind effects, produced by the construction of tall buildings, is analyzed. A research project

designed to obtain information about this problem and to study the counterpart for the prevention of high winds

around tall buildings, has been initiated. Some preliminary

observations are described herein.

Wind engineering research program supported by the National Science Foundation, M. P. Gaus, SP470, pp. Il-l —11- 10 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: education; research; research programs; wind

engineering; wind studies. The National Science Foundation is an Agency of the Federal Government established in 1950 to advance scientific and technical progress in the United States. The Foundation fulfills this responsibility primarily by sponsoring

scientific research, encouraging and supporting improvements in science education, and fostering scientific infor- mation exchange. NSF does not itself conduct research or

carry out education projects.

Operating under this charter the Foundation supports a

substantial amount of research in Wind and Seismic ef- fects. The Division of Engineering has for the past years had an organized area activity in Wind Engineering

Research. The primary emphasis of this research has been

toward developing a better understanding of the structure and flow of the earth's boundary layer to develop new

knowledge and techniques for predicting and coping with

the interaction between the boundary layer wind and man- made or natural objects and to develop methods to assess or predict environmental effects related to wind flow. Al- most all of the current research programs being supported

are at academic institutions. A summary of these current research projects is given herein.

Study of the wind pressure and the response of roof corners, T. Murota and M. Nakahara, SP470, pp. Il-l— 11-19 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: buildings; dynamic effects; high winds; roofs; typhoon; wind pressure.

In 1972, a number of prefabricated dwellings in the Nagoya district, Japan, suffered damage from high winds

caused by Typhoon No. 7220. Much of the damage to the dwellings caused by this typhoon was the removal of the

flat roofs of the buildings. It is known that the corners of

flat roofs, when subjected to high winds have high suctions

with periodic fluctuating force components. The cause of

this type of damage has created a need for studying the dynamic effect of wind pressure on roof corners. Such a

study has been conducted since 1973 by the Building

Research Institute. The results of the 1974 field observations, by the BRl, will be given herein. On the wind response of the Kanmon Bridge, T. Okubo, N.

Narita, and K. Yokoyama, SP470, pp. 11-20— 11-46 (Apr.

1977).

Key words: bridges; displacements; field tests; wind measurements; winds; wind speed.

The resistance against wind of long-span suspension

bridges is one of the important design problems because

this type of bridge is flexible and sensitive to wind action. The Kanmon Bridge, opened to the public in November

1973, is a typical long-span suspension bridge in Japan.

The design of this bridge against wind initiated during the

early design phases and its stability against wind was con- firmed through wind tunnel experiments on section models.

However, confirmation between theory and model tests can only be confirmed by considering field studies and the

resulting data. Such studies can reconfirm the bridge safety

when the bridge behavior is examined under strong wind

conditions. Considering these thoughts, a long-term observation plan system was established on the Kanmon Bridge,

with actual observations initiated in April 1974.

12
In this paper, the research plan for the long-term observation system is reviewed. Then, the characteristics of the approaching wind and the response of the suspended struc- ture are presented. A comparison is then made between

observed and theoretical wind gust responses. The results show that the observed response is less than the theoretical response and thus shows the need for accumulation of data

which can improve analytical techniques.

Luling, Louisiana cable-stayed bridge wind tunnel section model tests, R. H. Gade, W. Podolny, Jr., and H. R. Bosch,

SP470, pp. 11-47—11-67 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: bridge; cabled stayed; displacements; flutter; models; wind angles; wind tunnel.

Results of wind tunnel section model tests of five orthotropic superstructure configurations for the Luling,

Louisiana, cable-stayed bridge are presented.

The 1,235-foot (376.4 meters) long main span crossing

of the Mississippi River is designed for 1 50 miles per hour

(67 meters per second) hurricane wind velocity.

The section models, 1/60 scale, are tested at six wind angles: —4°, —2°, 0°, 2°, 4°, and 6°. Flutter coefficients are

plotted for all tests. The tests show freedom from flutter at the design wind

speed. Vortex excitation, vertical and torsional, is exhibited. Testing is performed in smooth flow conditions at the Fairbank Highway Research Station of the Federal

Highway Administration, utilizing the George S. Vincent

Wind Tunnel.

The regional distribution of the earthquake danger in Japan, S. Hattori, Y. Kitagawa, and T. Santo, SP470, pp. III- I—III-17 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: earthquake distribution; earthquakes; field data; frequency maps; ground displacement; Japan.

The values of m and log k in Ishimoro-Iida's statistical Formula are derived for each component of the maximum

displacement amplitude observed at many stations of the network maintained by the Japan Meteorological Agency

(JMA).

A distribution map of expected maximum displacement

amplitudes for the earthquake recurrence period of 100

years is made based on the derived values of m and log

k. The map indicates quantitatively the regional distribu- tion of earthquake danger in and around Japan. It is seen from this map that the general level of the earthquake

danger varies throughout Japan. This variation is also found to reflect the pattern of seismic activity throughout

the area. The earthquake danger increases along the

Pacific side of Hokkaido, Tohoku and Kanto districts and

decreases in the southwestern and inland areas of Japan.

Small variations are also recognized, which might suggest

that the earthquake danger is affected by local geological

and subsoil effects.

Quantification of seismicity, T. Terashima and T. Santo,

SP470, pp. 111-18— 111-28 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: earthquake distributions; epicenters; maps;

seismicity index. A new seismicity index is proposed in this paper. This

index is defined by the following equation:

St = (Mae/T) A « 100 km M ^ 6

where, N(M) represents the number of shallow

earthquakes with M s 6 which have occurred within a

epicentral distance A of 100 km during the period T(year).

Using this criterion, seismicity index maps in or near Japan

for two different periods have been made.

Application of this index indicates that a remarkable

change of St was found in southern part of Boso Peninsula

before and after Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. Therefore, in the field of earthquake engineering, these seismicity index maps can be used as a zoning map of earthquake

risk.

Maintenance of the strong-motion accelerograph and the data processing of the records, E. Kuribayashi, H. Tsuchida,

and M. Watabe, SP470, pp. IV-1—IV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: accelerographs; earthquake data; earthquake

records; field observations; strong-motion accelerographs.

The observation of strong-motion earthquakes, located

at harbour, public works and buildings throughout Japan

by the national research institute has been made. These

observations will be discussed, herein, in addition to such

items as the maintenance and checks of the strong-motion

accelerographs, main records, processing and analyses of

records, and the availability of the data to the public.

The United States strong-motion network: Field operations, R. P. Maley, SP470, pp. IV-35—IV-52 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: accelerographs; earthquake data; earthquake

records; field stations; strong-motion network.

The national strong-motion instrumentation network

operated by the Seismic Engineering Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey is the system established to record the strong motions of damaging earthquakes in the United

States. From the original 50 C&GS Standard instruments

installed in the 1930's, the network has expanded to more

than 1 300 accelerographs, with 9 different models, located

in 35 states and 9 Central and South American countries. The network operations section of SEB conducts three

interrelated field programs: instrument installation, routine

maintenance, and earthquake record recovery. At the present time the large majority of instruments being in- stalled are self-contained three-component accelerographs

that record on 70-mm film. Some remote-sensor accelero- graphs are also being located on structures. Routine main- tenance intervals have been lengthened from 2 months a few years ago to 4 months, with the exception of a trial area in Los Angeles where a 6 month interval is now in effect. The higher reliability of modern instrumentation has

made this extended maintenance schedule possible. As the network expands, it may be necessary to develop a Remote

Interrogation System to provide a method of determining

the criterion of the instruments' vital functions by

telemetry. After significant earthquakes, SEB personnel

promptly collect and develop earthquake records and at- tach permanent labels providing sufficient data for most

analyses. The records are then transmitted to the data

management section for further processing.

Strong-motion data management, C. Rojahn, SP470, pp. IV-53—IV-66 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: accelerographs; data processing; earthquake

records; strong-motion data. The Seismic Engineering Branch (SEB), of the Office of

Earthquake Studies, U.S. Geological Survey, is funded by

the National Science Foundation and is responsible for the development and maintenance of a national network of

strong-motion instruments and for the processing, management, and dissemination of data obtained from those in- struments. Data management is central to the entire strong-motion program; it serves as a focal point for the functions of archiving the records, processing the data, and

disseminating both the data and information about the pro- gram to the user community. In the archival phase, all

13
records are stored by station and cataloged both by event and by station. In data processing, all significant ground

and basement level records are digitized after which the raw digitized data is used to generate the following: uncorrected acceleration time-histories; velocity and displacement time-histories; and various forms of frequency

domain spectra. Both SEB and the Environmental Data

Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are involved in the data and information dissemination operation. Each organization distributes data, whereas

SEB is solely responsible for the dissemination of information about the strong-motion program. Various U.S. Geological Survey professional papers and circulars are the primary media through which the latter function is accomplished.

Brief review on liquefaction during earthquakes in Japan,

E. Kuribayashi and F. Tatsuoka, SP470, pp. V-1—V-15 (Apr.

1977).

Key words: alluvial deposits; earthquakes; epicentral

distance; liquefaction; settlement; soils. To correlate the actual liquefaction phenomena and site conditions, a literature survey about the liquefaction

phenomena caused by earthquakes during the last century

in Japan was performed. A liquefaction distribution map of

Japan and the regional maps of Kanto, Nobi and Hokuriku

are presented and the factors related to liquefaction are

discussed. During the last century liquefaction in sub-soils have been observed at some hundred sites during 44

earthquakes where the sites were limited to alluvial deposits and reclaimed lands. Furthermore, it was found

that liquefaction occurred repeatedly in different earthquake zones. The estimated JMA intensity scale factor, at the liquefied sites was more than five which means

a maximum acceleration of 80 to 250 gals. The extent of

the liquefied zones are limited, depending on the magnitude of the earthquake.

Vibration test on settlement of submerged sand layer, K. Sawada and Y. Koga, SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: earthquakes; liquefaction; sand layer; shake

table; vibration tests; void ratios. A series of vibration tests on submerged sand layer

model, using a large shaker table, was performed in order

to establish a method which can predict the liquefaction

and settlement phenomenon of sandy ground during

earthquakes. As a result of these tests, information concerning the vibration behaviour during the liquefaction

phenomenon and subsequent settlement behaviour was obtained. Examining these test results and assuming that the

vibration and settlement behaviour of a sand layer in the sand container is one-dimensional, it has been found that the test and analysis results agree quite favorably. Therefore, if the shear stress in the ground can be reasonably

estimated, the amount of settlement of the sand due to earthquakes can be estimated by this analysis method

proposed herein.

Study on earthquake response of structures by considering

non-deterministic variables, Y. Yamazaki and Y. Koizumi,

SP470, pp. VI-1—VI-21 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: deterministic; dynamics; earthquake; probability; random vibrations; safety; structures. The seismic design coefficient has been widely used

because of its simplicity. This design technique provides a safeguard against earthquakes but contains many problems

when replacing the dynamic forces with static forces. In addition, the earthquake resistant properties of high-rises or buildings can be investigated by a simulation analysis,

using many past earthquake records as input excitation. This type of dynamic analysis of a structure has been made

possible by use of electronic computers. In this analysis, an

actual structure is transformed into a vibration model, then

the structure is subjected to earthquake ground motions,

which are simulated by an electronic computer. As an al- ternate scheme, from a stochastic point of view, vibrational properties of structures subjected to earthquake ground

motions have been investigated by utilizing the concept of

random vibrations. The theory of random vibration, for dynamic response of structures, considers that earthquake

ground motions can be essentially predicted as deter- ministic phenomena and that the vibrational behaviour of

structures during these earthquakes can be predicted

stochastically. Studies on developing a more reasonable

14
design method have been conducted using the experiences

obtained from earthquake disasters and the analyses of

earthquake phenomena. The nondeterministic phenomena

of earthquake ground motions will be treated essentially by

the application of the theory of random vibration to the earthquake engineering. However, it is also true that a

structure cannot be handled as a deterministic system,

because the dynamic property variables of an actual structure, such as the masses, spring constants and damping

constants, cannot be evaluated deterministically when the structure is designed. Hence, a structure must be designed

by considering the nondeterministic properties of the struc- ture as well as those of earthquake ground motions. In this thesis, a theoretical treatment of the earthquake response problems of a structure with nondeterministic variables have been discussed and a reasonable design technique of a structure with appropriate safety has been suggested.

Least weight structures for threshold frequencies, R. D. McConnell, SP470, pp. VI-22—Vl-32 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: frequency response; least weight; optimization;

structures.

This paper demonstrates a method for designing least- weight, or optimized, structures when a threshold frequen- cy (within appropriate force factors) is known. The

process is highly amenable to a job-by-job application due

to its simplicity. Small mathematical models of a structure can be analyzed by a hand-calculator while standard static- load finite element programs can be used for large structures.

Ductile shear walls in earthquake-resistant multistory

buildings, M. Fintel, SP470, pp. VI-33 —VI-46 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: buildings; damage; dynamic response;

earthquakes; safety; shear wall; stiffness.

Slender shear walls in multistory buildings are discussed

in this paper and answers are given to such questions as "Why do we need them?" and "What do we know about

their design?". Also discussed are the historical development of the use of shear walls, their performance in earthquakes of the past 10 years (both good and bad), and

finally, the available design information and our future needs in the area of design of shear walls for strength, stiff- ness and ductility, as well as needs in the area of analysis

for the dynamic response of shear wall structures.

Surveillance of corps of engineers structures in earthquakeprone areas, K. O. O'Donnell, SP470, pp. VI-47—VI-63

(Apr. 1977).

Key words: earthquakes; hydraulic structures; inspection;

instrumentation; strong-motion accelerographs.

This paper explains the program which the corps of Engineers has adopted to assess the effects of earthquake activity concerning the structural behavior of Civil Works

hydraulic structures. The program encompasses reporting

earthquake effects and an instrumentation system on dams

and appurtenant structures for monitoring. Post-earthquake

inspections will be conducted to detect significant structural distress and provide information for the necessary remedial measures for damaged structures. The strong motion instrumentation will provide a record of ground and

structure motion during earthquakes. Data provided from

this program should be an aid in selecting design

earthquakes and may provide preliminary guidance in design procedures for use in predicting, from small earthquakes, the behavior of structures subjected to larger

design earthquakes. The accumulated information from the

entire program should help in improving the design criteria for future designs.

School and hospital construction in California, J. F. Meehan, SP470, pp. VI-64— VI-73 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: building codes; building regulations; design

criteria; earthquakes; hospitals; schools. The California State Legislature has adopted statutes concerning the regulation of the design and construction of

public school buildings and hospitals. These statutes were

brought about because of the rather poor performance of

these types of buildings in California earthquakes. Events

leading up to these statutes and the methods of their en- forcement will be discussed.

Improved earthquake resistive design and construction of single-family residential dwellings, G. R. Fuller, SP470, pp. Vl-74—VI-88 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: building codes; buildings; construction;

dwellings; earthquakes; seismic design criteria.

This paper presents results of the research program

being carried out by the Applied Technology Council

(ATC) of the Structural Engineers Association of Califor- nia (SEAOC) under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The objective

of this project was to review and evaluate available manuals, literature and standards concerning design and

construction of residential dwellings and response of such

structures to earthquake motions; and to then develop a manual of recommended practice for earthquake resistive design and construction. This manual would be primarily

directed toward builders, building officials, field inspectors,

and house designers and would contain recommended construction details, architectural layouts, design recommendations and types of construction recommended or to be

avoided. The manual is now in draft form and copies are

available for review. A synopsis of research results developed to date will be presented in this paper. Code

comparisons, problem areas, tentative recommendations

will be discussed.

The research contract with ATC is not due for completion until June 30, 1975, therefore this paper is an interim

report. The final report with the completed manual will be

distributed to members of the U.S.-Japan Panel on Wind

and Seismic Effects, when available.

Dynamic tests of structures for oil tanks and nuclear power

plants, S. Inaba, SP470, pp. VII-1—VII-6 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: aseismic design; dynamic tests; nuclear reactors; oil tanks; power plants; shake table.

In Japan, it is necessary to build an increasing number

of nuclear power plants in order to overcome the energy

problem. Also, an increasing number of large oil tanks

have been built in order to increase the amount of stan- dard crude oil. It has, therefore, become important in en- gineering to design aseismic structures for nuclear power

plants, oil plants, gas tanks, and other industrial plants for the purpose of preventing disasters due to the earthquake.

Under these circumstances, several dynamic tests of plant structures have been conducted by using a large-scale

shake table of the National Research Center for Disaster

Prevention (VRCDP) in Tsukuba New Town. This report

will present in general the results of dynamic tests on a

graphite shielding structure, oil tanks, fuel assemblies of

nuclear reactor, and a container vessel of thin shell.

15
Sheet pile foundation and its structural characteristics against horizontal loads, K. Kawakami, T. Okubo, K. Komada, and M. Okahara, SP470, pp. VII-7—VlI-60 (Apr.

1977).

Key words: foundation; lateral loads; sheet piles; structural

analysis; tests.

The general response of sheet pile foundations, relative to analytical and experimental studies, are discussed. Test

results are given, in addition to the development of general

design equations.

On specifications for earthquake-resistant design of highway

bridges (January, 1971), K. Kawakami, E. Kuribayashi, T. Iwasaki, and Y. lida, SP470, pp. Vill i —VIII-30 (Apr.

1977).

Key words: earthquakes; highway bridges; seismic provisions; specifications; structural engineering.

This paper presents the details of new specifications for Design of Highway Bridges to Resist Earthquakes,

completed in January 1971 by the Highway Bridge Committee of the Japan Road Association.

On specifications for earthquake-resistant design of the Honshu-Shikoku Bridges (JSCE 1974), I. Kawasaki and E. Kuribayashi, SP4 70, pp. VIII-3 1 —VIII-4 1 (Apr. 1977).

Key words; bridges; earthquake design; earthquake forces; seismic provisions; specifications.

The following describes the general specifications for earthquake-resistant design of the Honshu-Shikoku

Bridges, as developed by JSCE in 1974, after significant

study.

Recent revision of design standards on seismic effects for port and harbour structures, S. Hayashi, H. Tsuchida, and S. Noda, SP470, pp. VIII-42—Vni-55 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: design; earthquakes; harbours; ports; specifications; structures.

The design standards for port structures have been compiled four times in Japan. In these design standards, provisions on earthquake resistant design of wharves are in- cluded.

In 1950 the first design standard was published, and in 1959 and 1967 new design standards as an expansion of

preceding one were compiled. Those design standards were

recognized as the most advanced design procedure in the times and used very widely for design of port structures. However, the standards were not related to any law.

In 1973 Port and Harbour Law was revised and to secure the safety in ports it was assigned to establish en- gineering requirement of facilities in ports. The requirement has been effective since 1974 and the earthquake re- sistant design of the facilities are specified in it.

JSCE specifications for earthquake resistant design of submerged tunnels (1975), E. Kuribayashi and H. Tsuchida,

SP470, pp. VIII-56—VIII-68 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: aseismic design criteria; design provisions;

earthquakes; specifications; structural engineering; tunnels.

In response to the request from Ministry of Construction

and Ministry of Transport, the Japan Society of Civil Engineers has concluded in March 1975 the final draft of the Specifications for Earthquake Resistant Design of Submerged Tunnels. The writers of this paper have worked on

the drafting of these Specifications in cooperation with col- leagues of the Public Works Research Institute and Port and Harbor Research Institute during the last four years.

The draft of the Specifications was adopted as Specifications for Earthquake Resistant Design of the Proposed

Tunnel across Tolyo Bay. This paper presents the principal

provisions and articles of the draft of the Specifications,

and contains the following five chapters; General, In- vestigation, Earthquake Resistant Design, Dynamic

Analyses, and Preservation and Countermeasure in Earthquakes.

Joint research program utilizing the large scale testing

facilities (free discussion), M. Watabe, M. Hirosawa, and S. Nakata, SP470, pp. lX-1— lX-5 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: dynamic testing; lateral load simulation;

models; shake tables; testing.

Recently the United States and Japan have made

progress in aseismic design of R. C. Structures based on

the testing of R. C. members, in which these tests have

shown the importance of ductility in columns. However

there are a few seismic studies based on the loading tests of full size structures. Fortunately, in Japan there are the

greatest loading test facilities in the world, with new larger

facilities now under construction. By using these facilities

full size aseismic tests can be conducted. This proposal

provides a plan for the testing of reinforced concrete struc- tures with shear walls, which should be the first step

toward developing an international aseismic code.

Earthquake disaster mitigation: A joint research approach,

C. C. Thiel and J. B. Scalzi, SP470, pp. IX-6—IX-16 (Apr.

1977).

Key words: buildings; earthquakes; research; structural engineering; structures.

This paper discusses the current earthquake research

being undertaken in the USA under sponsorship of the NSF. In addition, possible cooperative research studies between the USA and Japan are described.

High wind study in the Philippines, N. J. Raufaste, SP470,

pp. X-1—X-1 1 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: field studies; high winds; instrumentation;

Philippines; wind tunnel test. A review of the National Bureau of Standards three-year

high wind study in the Philippines is presented. Accomplishments during the first two years of the study are

discussed. Principal accomplishments include: I) formation

of a Philippine Advisory Committee to coordinate local wind research, 2) selection of three field test sites, 3) construction and instrumentation of six test buildings with

wind recording equipment at the test sites, 4) instrumentation of the University of Philippines wind tunnel, and 5)

participation in two international workshops on high winds

in Manila.

Survey on seismology and earthquake engineering in India, Iran and Turkey, M. Watabe and H. Tokuhiro, SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr. 1977).

Key words: earthquake engineering; earthquakes; education; India; Iran; training; Turkey.

A series of earthquake engineering courses have been

held in Japan in cooperation with Iran, India and Turkey.

This paper presents the details of these courses and the aid such courses have provided to the supporting countries.

16
SP473. Research and innovation in the building regulatory

process. Proceedings of the First NBS/NCSBCS Joint Conference held in Providence, RI, on Sept. 21-22, 1976, in conjunction with the Ninth Annual Meeting of the National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards

(NCSBCS), Inc., P. W. Cooke, Ed., Nal. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),

Spec. Publ. 473 , 504 pages (June 1977) SN003-003-01775-

2.

Key words; administrative procedures; building codes;

building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory research; standards development.

The First NBS/NCSBCS Joint Conference on Research and

Innovation in the Building Regulatory Process was held in Providence, Rhode Island on September 21-22, 1976. The

proceedings of the Joint Conference include the opening re- marks, the Keynote Address, the technical papers presented at each session, and a summary of a panel discussion on the fu- ture of building regulatory research. The subject matter covered in the papers includes: New Alternatives, Environmental Research and the Building Regulatory Process; Energy Conservation, Solar Energy and Building Standards; Coping with

Building Innovations and Environmental Considerations; Issues

in Building Regulation and Administration; Organization and

Structure of Building Regulations; Information Processing and

the Building Regulatory Process; Impact, Economics and Metrication of Building Regulation; Preservation, Rehabilitation and

the Building Regulatory Process. These proceedings include the following papers (indented):

Incentives and constraints in building and the regulatory

process, U. P. Gauchat and D. L. Schodek, SP473, pp. 17- 33 (June 1977).

Key words: alternatives; building codes; building process;

constraints; costs; incentives; regulation.

This paper discusses three specific ways to improve the balance between incentives and constraints in the building

regulatory process:

1 . Reorganizing and controlling the building process with

the aim of making the interests of individual participants more congruent.

2. Offering tax incentives at the federal level that would

distinguish between those parts of a building which reflect a common objective such as health and safety and those which respond to the wishes of a particular client.

3. Developing federal legislation that prohibits, on the

basis of restrictive trade practice, the establishment of ar- bitrary local code restrictions, particularly those measures which inhibit the national marketing of highly factored

building components or sub-assemblies.

How environmental research may affect the technical provisions and enforcement of regulations, S. T. Margulis, SP473,

pp. 35-53 (June 1977).

Key words: codes and standards; environmental studies;

fire safety; health dangers; research needs.

Two case studies illustrate the consequences of

knowledge voids on the technical provisions and enforcement of regulations. The first case deals with legal decisions about the reasonableness (and, by implication, the

scientific justification for) certain health provisions of a model housing code ..adopted by a local government. The

second case focuses on a situation in which enforcement

of the Life Safety Code could have resulted in the forced

relocation of institutionalized elderly. In this situation,

code enforcement (leading to forced relocation) could

have contributed to more deaths than nonenforcement of

this fire safety code. The application of environmental

research to solve the problem posed by this situation is described. Problems of obtaining and applying environmental research, with regard to policy decisions such as build- ing regulations, are noted.

Interior architecture by consent decree and court order, W.

Kleeman, Jr. and R. Reeves, SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Key words: court orders; human behavior; institutional oc- cupancies; interior design; physical environment; regulation; research; standards.

Mental hospital patients, mental retardates, handicapped

people and prisoners in jails are suing various governmental authorities saying, among many other things, that the physical interior environments of these institutions do not meet their needs. Consent decrees and court orders in 1

leading cases are examined. The question is raised as to the origin of the very specific standards in several of the

cases. The long-range suitability of these standards is questioned and contrasted with more humane, less specific

approaches to the same concerns in Sweden and Canada.

The need for further research to establish more useful determinations of the effects of the immediate physical en- vironment on human well-being and behavior is pointed

out. The problems of the designer in meeting the special

needs of these four types of plaintiffs are also examined.

Residential energy consumption: Socio-physical determi- nants of energy use in single family dwellings, B. M. Morrison, SP473, pp. 69-83 (June 1977).

Key words: energy consumption; input/output models;

lifestyle factors; physical environment; residential housing;

socio-physical determinants; systems theory.

The paper reports research designed to establish the fac- tors that determine energy consumption, especially in sin- gle family detached dwelling units. The research asks the question is it the physical structural components of the housing or the life patterns carried on by the residents or both that make the difference in energy consumption?

Using a human/environment ecosystem model, this question comes under scrutiny.

Avoid tunnel vision in implementation of energy conservation building standards, W. J. van der Meer, SP473, pp. 85-

101 (June 1977).

Key words: alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building stan- dards; buildings; energy conservation; minimum property

standards; multiple glazing; "U" values.

Aside from recommendations to improve mechanical

systems and components or to reduce lighting, most of the present thinking on energy conservation in buildings has

the tunnel vision of looking almost exclusively toward

lower "U" values. The FHA fell into the "U" value trap

in revising their Minimum Property Standards. Even the more permissive and performance oriented ASHRAE Stan- dard 90-75 has succumbed in part to the lower "U" value syndrome because, even though they permit alternative methods in achieving energy conservation, the criterion for allowable energy use by the alternative methods is based

upon the estimated energy use of a similar hypothetical

building using the appropriate ASHRAE average "U"

values (U„).

Lower "U" values are not the only way to achieve ther- mal energy efficiency, nor need they necessarily form the

17
criterion for energy conservative building standards. There

are many alternatives in energy conservation which are

relatively independent of "U" values, several of which will be discussed in this paper.

Standards for solar heating and cooling applications, R. D.

Dikkers, SP473, pp. 103-1 12 (June 1977).

Key words: buildings; cooling; heating; performance

criteria; solar collectors; solar energy; standards.

The "Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of

1974," along with the "National Program for Solar Heating

and Cooling (Residential and Commercial Applications),"

call for the development and implementation of per- formance criteria, consensus standards, certification procedures and design guidelines relating to solar heating

and cooling systems and components. This paper describes

activities being carried out by the National Bureau of Stan- dards (NBS) in support of the previously cited Federal

legislation and program plan.

In cooperation with ERDA and HUD, NBS is developing: ( 1 ) performance criteria for solar heating and cooling

systems to be used in residential and commercial buildings;

(2) standards for solar heating and domestic hot water systems that can be used in conjunction with HUD's

Minimum Property Standards; (3) draft standards for materials to be used in solar systems; (4) plans for establishing a solar collector testing laboratory accreditation program; and (5) plans for identifying and developing

other needed standards in cooperation with various or- ganizations.

Regulatory barriers to the diffusion of innovation: Some

evidence from building codes, S. Oster and J. M. Quigley,

SP473, pp. 113-135 (June 1977).

Key words: building official; building regulation; education;

housing demand; innovation; regulatory barriers; residential construction; unionization.

Previous studies, including most prominently the reports

of the Douglas and the Kaiser Commissions, have sug- gested that outmoded local regulation of residential construction has impeded technical progress in the industry. In

this paper, we try to identify the determinants of dif- ferences across communities in building regulation. In particular, we use as our dependent variable the permissibility

of four particular innovations in a cross section of political

jurisdictions in 1970 and try to explain this permissibility

using variables measuring attributes of building officials, local firms, labor unions, and housing demand. The data was taken from a special survey of local building departments conducted by Fields and Ventre in 1970. Our results indicate that the education of the chief building official and the level of unionization in the area are the two major

factors explaining the probability that a jurisdiction will adopt a construction innovation in its code.

Effectiveness of U.S. municipal design review pro- grams—Preliminary findings, S. Cohn, SP473, pp. 137-187

(June 1977).

Key words; architectural controls; buildings; design review;

land use; municipalities; regulation; site design.
Design review and architectural controls as regulatory

devices for improving building and site design began in the United States in 1930. By 1949, there were some 30 municipalities in the United States using such controls. The

desire for more flexible regulatory instruments which could

deal with unique contextual situations and designs as well

as provide the means for designers to exercise their in- genuity in solving complex problems has resulted in this quasi-judicial regulatory technique becoming increasingly

popular throughout the United States. In spite of this growing popularity there has been neither a systematic inventory or evaluation of this particular technique. This study has

attempted a comprehensive analysis of design review and

architectural control boards in municipalities in the United

States with a population of greater than 25,000. In general,

it tries to identify the goals, functions, structures, and

techniques used by such boards and attempts to relate these to the effectiveness of such boards in achieving these

goals.

Natural environmental carrying capacity and building regulation, P. G. Rowe, J. L. Gevirtz, and J. B. Blackburn, Jr., SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Key words: building codes; carrying capacity; environment;

land use; natural system; performance standards; regulatory

process.

This paper is an attempt to examine the concept of

"natural environmental carrying capacity" in relationship

to building regulation. Principally it is an examination of

the representational problem involved in achieving con- formance between building regulatory mechanisms and un- derstanding of the fundamental characteristics and

processes of the natural system.

The first part of the paper presents the concept of

"natural environmental carrying capacity" and the problem

of translating this into performance standards. Within this framework some of the difficulties of incorporating these concepts in present building regulation formats are

described. An attempt is also made to distinguish those en- vironmental issues that seem to be most appropriately

regulated at the building code level. The second part of the paper briefly describes a syste- matic approach whereby building performance standards can be developed that reflect the ability of different geographic areas within a region to absorb building developments without upsetting the balance of the natural system.

This approach takes into consideration the interaction between various building and land-use types with a broad

range of natural environmental characteristics.

Decision-aiding communications in the regulatory agency:

The partisan uses of technical information, F. T. Ventre,

SP473, pp. 203-223 (June 1977).

Key words: building codes; decision making; public policy;

regulation.

This paper, based on a nationally representative survey

of 1,200 municipal building departments, describes the

partisan uses of information in a regulatory setting. Each

of the agencies was facing a specific decision to alter its regulations to accommodate innovative building

techniques. The agencies identified the various members of

the building community—builders, designers, vendors,

users, regulators—who came forward to initiate the change, to discuss its advantages or disadvantages, and

then to assert a position either supporting or resisting the agency decision to modify the regulation. The local building industry, accused by many of being the greatest source

of resistance to technical innovation, was found to be the

strongest force for change, equaling sometimes surpassing the positive influence of the model code groups.

Oregon's experience in statewide code uniformity —Third

year, W. M. Friday, SP473, pp. 225-240 (June 1977).

Key words; building regulation; code administration; en- forcement; funding; local government; model codes; state- local relations; statewide codes; uniformity.

This paper has its genesis in an article written in mid1974 and appearing in the Building Standards magazine of

November-December, 1975. The information has been up- dated with the latest Oregon experiences. Prior to 1971,

Oregon had four independent agencies enforcing building

regulations, with all of the related problems of code conflicts, duplication and nonuniformity of interpretation. In 1971, all of these functions were transferred to the Department of Commerce. New responsibilities were added in 1973, including a law setting statewide code uniformity,

state-local government relations, personnel training and

certification, adoption of model codes, appeals, statistical reporting, and energy conservation. Model codes have

been adopted for all specialty codes. Some of the model

codes are almost "pure"; others have significant amendments. A struggle is now under way between advocates of

pure model codes and those who have amended it, over

the number and quality of amendments.

Regulation and communication in the implementation of a building code for accessibility to the physically handicapped,

T. J. R. Raper, SP473, pp. 241-251 (June 1977).

Key words: accessibility standards; building code; code administration; communication; enabling legislation; physically handicapped; regulation.

The State of North Carolina pioneered enabling legisla- tion and development of building code requirements for accessibility to the physically handicapped. The

"Handicapped Section" of the North Carolina State Building Code encompasses almost every occupancy classifica- tion in publicly- and privately-owned buildings. Requirements extend from small equipment items, such as water

fountains, to spatial arrangements including site development, seating and laboratory space. Consequences of implementing these laws, effective in 1973, were profound

for code administrators, the building community and the

public.

The approach to implementation is an "extension" ap- proach to code administration, which is exemplary of regulatory reform for the public benefit. Access to public

buildings is mandated by law (Public Law 90-480); annually more states and model codes are adopting standards

for accessibiblity. As a possible model for others, this paper seeks to explain how the "Handicapped Section" of

the Code was developed and enacted, how it is being

publicized and enforced and how it is being maintained.

Catalogue of building safety instruments, R. S. Ferguson

and C. C. Gordon, SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Key words: building codes; building safety; control; instru- ments; knowledge; legislation; life safety; regulation; stan- dards. A building regulation is an instrument to achieve a

goal —building saiety. At any time and place the building

ordinance, bylaw, or act is seen as "the" instrument and

19
little thought is given to other instruments (existing or

possible), attention is usually focused inwardly on the bylaw or code. The focus of this paper encompasses many

instruments all of which have been or are being used. These instruments ranging from custom to research include

law, authority, training, education, standards, guidelines,

and administrative techniques. The characteristics of each

instrument are discussed. This is an aid to their selective

use. Building safety can be likened to a garden which

flourishes with the use of many tools, or instruments, from

hoes, picks, and rakes to watering cans and fertilizers but

only when the right tool is chosen for a specific task at the

right time and place. The paper is written in definitive form as a contribution for discussion and subsequenct in- clusion in a proposed manual of building safety knowledge.

Performance vs producer-controlled codes, O. Richards,

SP473, pp. 279-284 (June 1977).

Key words; building codes; concrete testing; evaluation; in- novations; in-place testing; performance approach; regulatory domination; standards development.

This is intended to speed evaluation and implementation

of innovations in standards and codes, which too often

await change initiated by large producer corporations.

Such producers tend to take such action only when no damage is done to a status quo that favors them and,

further, when they stand to benefit from a change.

The writer, a would-be innovator in in-place field evaluation of concrete insulation and strength for twenty years, would leaven producer domination of codes with more

vigorous participation of users. Products and methods

should be evaluated not under artificial conditions, but

under conditions of intended use. Examples include per- formance vs potential in thermal insulation and nondestructive in-place strength testing by the pullout method.

Logical analysis of building code provisions, J. R. Harris,

SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Key words; building codes; computer model; decision

table; decision theory; networks; specifications; standards; system engineering.

The paper describes a systematic analysis of a set of re- lated building code provisions. The analysis is a part of an

overall methodology being developed for the systematic

formulation and expression of clear, correct, and complete

building regulatory documents. Provisions for the allowable

size of buildings are represented with decision tables and

networks. The analysis shows the complete hierarchy of

decision making necessary to arrive at the final answer. Alternate schemes of arranging the information are developed, and the relation of the information content to

the overall organization of the document is shown. The applicability of the analysis for various factions of the build- ing regulatory system is evaluated.
The evolution of the performance approach in plumbing, R.

S. Wyly, L. S. Galowin, and M. J. Orloski, SP473, pp. 317-

348 (June 1977).

Key words: performance approach; performance characteristics; performance criteria; performance evaluation;

performance testing; plumbing research; plumbing research

needs; reduced-size venting.

The performance approach is reviewed as it relates to plumbing. The approach described provides for the syste- matic development of performance criteria, reproducible

evaluation or test methods, and inspection guidelines, with

significant benefits derived for innovators, contractors,

code administrators, and the consumer through the utiliza- tion of new methods and materials for water supply and

drainage in buildings. Performance specifications are seen

as complementary or supplementary to the traditional prescriptive-type language of standards and code documents. They have the primary purpose of simplifying,

systematizing, and hastening the process of acceptance of

innovation. Traditionally, acceptance has occurred through

a lengthy trial period during which satisfactory service his- tory is accumulated with great difficulty and considerable

expense to the proponents. The gradual movement to per- formance concepts in the requirements for sanitary drain- waste-vent systems is discussed. An example is described in which planned laboratory and subsequent field research

with a performance orientation have provided a technological basis for acceptance of reduced-size venting. This

economically attractive new method has only recently been

considered by the prescriptive codes and is not yet fully

accepted by them.

A theoretical basis and implementation for computer

assisted architectural design evaluation, D. A. Bryant and R.

B. Dains, SP473, pp. 349-368 (June 1977).

Key words: architectural criteria; automated system; build- ing codes; buildings; computer applications; criteria main- tenance design evaluation; design guides.

SEARCH: Systematic Evaluation And Review of Criteria for //abitability (SEARCH) is an automated architectural

criteria maintenance and design evaluation system. A

prototype system is now in the Office of the Chief of Engineers (OCE). SEARCH is used in two phases of Corps

of Engineers design work. First, performance type architectural design criteria and selected building code requirements are checked for consistency, documented as to in- formation location, and stored for later use. Second, design

layouts produced by Architect/Engineers (A/E) are put

into SEARCH. The result is full, unbiased evaluation based on the previously checked and stored criteria. SEARCH is intended to be used by OCE personnel for both criteria*' maintenance and design evaluation type of work. An example of criteria maintenance would be in checking and stor- ing criteria of the Design Guides now being developed.

Design evaluation use will involve evaluating selected

architectural designs submitted by Corps Districts as well

as design layouts and relationship diagrams in the Design

Guides.

The development of computer based systems for building

codes, C. Masterson, SP473, pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Key words: building regulation; computer-based systems;

computer technology; information processing; performance

evaluation; plan review; research and development.

The Purpose is to explain, in a brief fashion, the most

important aspects of four years of research into computerbased systems for building regulation. The topics of auto- mated plan review and performance evaluations through

computer technology are covered. And, the basic strategies

of a master plan for applications oriented development are

outlined. The basic thrust of the argument is that computer-based systems can provide major assistance in moving the regulatory process towards a performance-oriented

basis.

The use of computers and microfilm in the code enforce- ment program of the Chicago department of buildings, W.J.

Burke and R. P. Moran, SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Key words; building code; building permits; computers; en- forcement; information retrieval; inspection; management

control; microfilm.

The Chicago Department of Buildings uses three principal types of computer-supported systems. I ) Several

systems use automated devices to issue documents to the

public. Notices of violation are prepared on minicomputers

using stored violation texts. "Certificates of Inspection" for buildings and elevators are prepared by computer. 2) Computers are used extensively for information retrieval. An

on-line system allows access to selected information on

specific buildings via CRT display and hard copy. Monthly

reports summarizing building permit activity are generated

from computer files. 3) Management control reporting is an important computer-based application. Permits, complaints, and follow-up inspection requests are aged by computer; and items open beyond a control age are listed on

exception reports. A system to report on inspectional per- formance is currently in development. About eight years ago the Department was literally forced by the volume of

its paper to convert its files to microfilm. We now have ap- proximately 10 million documents on film and are expanding at a rate of approximately 1.5 million documents per

year.

Improved communications between code officials and build- ing design and construction groups through education, C. L. Charriere, SP473, pp. 383-389 (June 1977).

Key words: building construction groups; certification; code enforcement officials; communications; criteria; education programs; professional competence.

This paper stresses the necessity of developing educational programs in order to provide more effective communication between code enforcement officials and the vari- ous branches of the building construction field —architects,

engineers and building contractors. The major premise is that code enforcement officials must be elevated to a

professional status to communicate more effectively with

the building construction groups. To accomplish this, educational background criteria and professional requirements

must be established through educational and certification programs. These programs can be offered through two

channels: continuing education courses and formal degree

programs. The Pennsylvania State University's continuing

education program is presented as a model of how educational programs can be offered effectively to upgrade the

status of building code officials. Included is a review of

Penn State's certificate programs wherein code officials, through evening courses and seminars, are provided the

technical background needed to increase their professional

21
competence. Also covered are examples of the development of special programs utilizing the information obtained

through the above educational programs, specifically, the Energy Conservation Seminar which provides terminology

and principles of heat gain and loss. The program includes a workshop session on the ASHRAE 90-75 requirements.

This enables code enforcement officials to interpret and

apply ASHRAE 90-75.

Regulation and the housing industry, A. Trellis, SP473, pp. 391-396 (June 1977).

Key words: builder-developer; construction; consumers;

cost analysis; cost benefits; housing; regulation.

The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) has

become increasingly aware of the disproportionate increase

in the cost of owning a new home, in relationship to the general increase in consumer prices. These increases are rapidly raising the cost of housing out of the reach of an

ever increasing percentage of the population. What are the reasons for this inordinate increase in housing costs? NAHB has embarked on a major national study effort to answer this question. The study is intended to pinpoint the causes of this cost escalation, and in particular, determine

the impact of increasing state, local, and Federal regulations on spiralling housing costs. It is a growing feeling

among consumers and homebuilders alike, that a signifi- cant portion of the increased regulations associated with

housing construction, do not provide benefits in relation to the overall costs incurred by the builder, which of course

are ultimately passed on to the home buyer.

Economic impacts of building codes, J. S. McConnaughey,

Jr., SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Key words; accidents; benefit-cost analysis; building codes;

building economics; building regulations; economic impact;

electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters; national

electric code; safety regulations; standards.

This paper presents an impact evaluation approach for building officials faced with making building code decisions. Types of building code impacts are defined and

categorized. A standardized method to measure and evaluate the potential benefit and cost impacts of a specific

building code provision is described. The approach is in- tended to be a relatively simple, easy to apply system

which uses available, or easily obtainable information.

Benefit and cost impacts of code provisions intended to reduce the risk of death from a building hazard are ex- amined. The paper concludes with case study of the 1975

National Electric Code requirement for the use of Ground

Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) in residences to illustrate the approach.

Building codes: Preservation and rehabilitation, R. J. Kapsch, SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Key words: adaptive reuse; architecture; building codes;

building regulations; building safety; construction; per- formance; preservation; rehabilitation; renovation.

There has been a large rise in interest in the last ten years in building reuse, rehabilitation and preservation projects. This trend is expected to continue in the foreseeable

future. Such projects pose difficulties for the building regulatory system since many of these buildings were originally

constructed prior to the existence of building codes. Most

of these buildings do not meet modern levels of building

regulation and application of building regulations to them

poses difficulties as these regulations are essentially

designed for new construction. The potential impact of

these regulations includes the increase of project costs and

damage to the fabric of the building intended to be

preserved. Yet safety and health must be achieved in exist- ing buildings as well as new. This paper summarizes studies and other activities that are presently being conducted by

a number of organizations on this subject. One such study

conducted by NBS has indicated that numerous State and

local jurisdictions and model code organizations are adopting historic building waiver clauses and similar regulations as a partial answer to this problem. The National Trust for Historic Preservation sponsored the first national conference, in 1974, on this question and is currently

cooperating with NBS in a study of the effectiveness of

selected historic building waiver clauses. The National En- dowment for the Arts has sponsored a grant that would

identify tradeoffs that could be used in building regulations. NBS has also sponsored a study, reported in a separate paper in these Proceedings, on how a standard

designed for existing buildings might be structured and for- matted. NBS is also studying, for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, technological aspects of

neighborhood conservation, including the role of building

regulations. As of this writing, no final or definitive answer

has been developed for the problem of achieving contemporary levels of safety and health in existing buildings.

Information structure of building codes and standards for the needs of existing buildings, B. Smith, SP473, pp. 453-489

(June 1977).

Key words: building codes and standards; building code

structure; existing buildings; historic preservation; per- formance attributes; performance evaluation.

With the increased occurrence of rehabilitation and

preservation projects, the problem of code compliance for these buildings is growing in magnitude. We are no longer

dealing with isolated historic buildings, but with both entire

historic districts and an ever increasing number of recycled, adaptively used buildings. The problem of code compliance for these projects frequently causes the destruction

of the historic integrity of the building, the replacement of

serviceable materials and, at the same time, increases project costs. The compliance problems may stem from the organization and format of the model codes which are based on new construction materials and techniques. This

study examines the present organization and format of the three model codes, and develops a decision flow chart

which analyzes how these model codes are used. The regulatory problems facing rehabilitation and preservation projects are then reviewed. From this investigation, a proposed decision process, based on the needs of rehabilitation and preservation projects is developed. Such a

decision process could be used if and when building regulations are developed for the unique needs of these type

projects.

Contractor understanding relative to rehab costs, R. S. Harrington, SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Key words: building codes; community development; construction costs; contractors; housing; rehabilitation; stan- dards.

The nature of rehabilitation, with its nonvisible elements

and its potential for self-help, makes it extremely difficult

22
to accurately estimate the costs involved. The uncertainty

is passed on by the Contractor in the fees he charges. Uncertainty exists, as well, in the standards for accomplishing

the work at hand. Specifications are normally cumbersome.

Work Write-Ups lacking in detail. Therefore understanding

is diminished, and costs rise, while quality falls below stan- dards. With the pending increase in neighborhood code rehabilitation projects, there is the need to increase the supply

of competent contractors interested and experienced in rehab. This requires both a method for offering stan- dardization of specifications and work-write-ups with more

detail, and the ability to assure a steady flow of work into bidding channels.

SP476. Opening the doors to better buildings, S. A. Kliment,

Nat. Bur. Stand. {U.S.), Spec. Publ. 476, 22 pages (July

1977) SN003-003-01804.

Key words: building performance; building process; build- ing systems; construction management; design/build; life- cycle costing; project procurement.

Several problem areas were identified in three workshops and

one national symposium which was held to pinpoint choices

open to the building community for improved building procure- ment practices. Some of the problem areas identified are: in- consistency in building codes and standards; inadequate bridges

between design and construction; and the dissemination of

post-construction information. Other problems which were ad- dressed were: long-term economy; technical innovation; per- formance data; interdisciplinary training and education; and

traditional attitudes in building practices.

SP477. Wind and seismic effects. Proceedings of the Eighth

Joint Panel Conference of the U.S. -Japan Cooperative Pro- gram in Natural Resources, May 18-21, 1976, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., H. S. Lew, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (.U.S.), Spec. Publ. 477, 626 pages (May 1977)

SN003-003-0 1772-8.

Key words: accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; dis- aster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures; nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; winds.

The Eighth Joint Meeting of the U.S.-Japan Panel on Wind

and Seismic Effects was held in Gaithersburg, Maryland on May 18-21, 1976. The proceedings of the Joint Meeting in- clude the program, the formal resolutions, and the technical

papers. The subject matter covered in the papers includes wind

effects on structures and design criteria; extreme winds for structural design; earthquake ground motions and instrumentation; seismicity and earthquake risk; seismic effects on struc- tures and design criteria; lessons learned from recent natural

disasters; design of nuclear reactor facilities. These proceedings

include the following papers (indented):

Aspects of hurricane winds as recorded at an instrumented

suspension bridge, R. H. Gade and R. H. Scanlan, SP477, pp. l-l—I-l 1 (May 1977).

Key words: wind; wind velocity spectra.

Velocity spectra of the winds of tropical storm Doria in

its passage over the Newport, Rhode Island, Suspension

Bridge is presented for four mean wind speeds. Data was

acquired with five 3-component Gill propeller anemometers, spaced at approximately 350 feet (108 m) intervals along the semispan of the bridge. This paper presents final

information on the wind mean angle of attack, turbulence

levels, vertical and horizontal spectra of wind of various

velocity levels, derived surface drag coefficients, and a comparison of results with standard spectra and other applicable data from the Japanese, United States, and

Canadian wind literature.

Study on the wind effect on eaves, T. Murota, SP477, pp. 1-12—1-20 (May 1977).

Key words: dynamics; failure; roofs; wind.

Recently in Japan damage to flat roofs of light weight

roofing is increasing. The damage is often very severe to the extent that complete removal of the roofs occurs. The

dynamic behavior of the eaves is related to the damage. A

current research project is also described.

Measurements of wind loads and tie-down forces on mobile

homes, R. D. Marshall and R. A. Crist, SP477, pp. 1-21—I- 33 (May 1977).

Key words: aerodynamics; buildings; full-scale testing; mobile homes; wind loads.

This paper describes instrumentation, experimental

techniques and progress to date on a program of research

into the effects of wind on mobile homes. Direct measure- ments of lift and drag forces on a nominal 12 x 60 ft. (3.66

X 18.3 m) mobile home provide more reliable information on load fluctuations than is possible with the usual ap- proach of measuring surface pressure alone. Results of

spectral analysis conducted on time histories of overturning

forces suggest that a simple quasi-static approach, when

used with appropriate gust factors, can be employed to cal- culate loads for the design of mobile home anchoring

systems.

On the wind resistant design specifications for the proposed

Honshu-Shikoku bridges (1975), T. Okubo and N. Narita,

SP477, pp. 1-34—1-48 (May 1977).

Key words: bridges; specifications; wind.

The newly revised specifications for the wind resistant design of the proposed Honshu-Shikoku Bridges are in- troduced in this paper. The previous specifications (the

first edition was issued in 1964, and the second edition in 1972) have been revised by taking into account recent research activities, resulting in final edition as established

in the fall of 1975.

The main subjects discussed in this paper are: 1 . Scope

of application; 2. Basic wind and design wind speed; 3. Drag coefficients; 4. Gust response; 5. Wind resistibility of

structures under construction.

Equivalent static wind loads for tall building design, E. Simiu, SP477, pp. 1-49—1-65 (May 1977).

Key words: design; equivalent loads; tall buildings; wind

loads.

Certain shortcomings of current procedures for computing along wind structural response have been shown to

result in unrealistic estimates of tall building behavior

under the action of strong winds. Differences between predictions of fluctuating response based on various such

procedures have been shown to be in certain cases as high

as 200 percent. In recent years, advances in the state of

the art have been made which provide a basis for significantly improved alongwind response predictions. The pur- pose of the present work is to present a procedure for cal23
culating alongwind response, including deflections and accelerations, which incorporates these advances. The

meteorological and aerodynamic models on which the procedure is based are briefly described. The practical use of the procedure is illustrated in a numerical example. Esti- mates are provided of errors inherent in the models employed. The range of applicability of the procedure is defined, and it is indicated that for structures with unusual

modal shapes or for which the influence of higher vibration

modes is significant, a recently developed computer pro- gram should be employed in lieu of the procedure

presented herein.

A wood house will resist wind forces, B. Bohannan, SP477,

pp. 1-66—1-69 (May 1977).

Key words: concentrated loads; design criteria; mode of

failure; racking resistance; structural performance; uniform

loads.

Experience tells us that wood-frame houses built by conventional construction practices will be long-lived structures. Why then should we be doing research on lightframe wood construction.

The answer seems simple. There are reasons to believe

that the conventional wood frame systems are overbuilt in many respects. Initial evaluations have indicated that sig- nificant material savings are possible without sacrificing

any of the structural integrity of wood-frame systems.

The actual structural performance of the conventional

wood-frame house is not well understood. Little or no

structural engineering goes into its design. While a lot of

research effort has gone into defining pieces and parts of

houses, much of this research has been aimed at very nar- row objectives. Little attention was given to the house as a complete structural system. The interaction of components has not been evaluated.

It is assumed that the resistance to wind-caused racking or shear would be provided solely by the end-walls of a conventional wood-frame house. There are no known for- mulae for calculating the racking resistance of these walls. In fact, there is even some question as to how much of the

total wind force actually reaches the end-walls.

Wind loads on low-rise buildings, N. J. Raufaste, Jr., SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Key words: codes and standards; disaster mitigation; housing; low-rise buildings; socio-economics; structural connections; wind loads.

The National Bureau of Standards is continuing its project to develop improved design criteria for low-rise buildings in developing countries to better withstand the

effects of extreme winds. This paper is an overview of the

results of the project, some of which have occurred since the Seventh meeting of the U.S. -Japan Panel on Wind and

Seismic Effects, that is to say, the third year of this 3 Vz year project. To date, most data analyses have been

completed and presented in several NBS published

progress reports. The final report is expected to be

published in the Fall of 1976.

Characteristics of the high wind at Hachijojima Island on

the occasion of typhoon No. 7513, S. Soma, SP477, pp. II- 1—11-14 (May 1977).

Key words: damage; effects; houses; typhoon; wind speeds.

A typhoon that attacked Hachijojima Island on October

5, 1975 brought to this island very strong winds which

were beyond expectations. The value of the peak gust observed at the weather station, located at the central part

of the Island, was 67.8 m/s. Moreover, in the premises of

the lighthouse situated on the southeastern part of the

Island, an incredible wind of 82.4 m/s was recorded. This

wind was extraordinarily strong and was the third strongest

recorded wind in our country. Due to this high wind, a

great deal of damage was caused in various parts of the

Island. Houses and buildings suffered the most from the high wind. The damage rate to houses which varied in dif- ferent areas, had a high of 7.3 percent, which were

completely destroyed, and 21 percent in which half of the houses were completely destroyed. Whether this strong

wind was innate in the typhoon, or whether it was brought

about due to the peculiar topographic features of the

Island was the subject of this study. However, it was not

possible to clarify these points quantitatively. Although, in certain areas, it was realized that topographic influences were apparent.

While making this survey on the typhoon's effect, it was

noted that severe damage occurred to the windowpanes in

tall buildings. An administrator of the building told us that these panes were broken by fragments of houses that were

scattered in the high wind. This, therefore, indicates that a problem exists when tall buildings are surrounded by

houses which have low wind-resistance in their vicinity.

Therefore, the damage indicates that in town planning, not

only a wind resistant design of individual buildings is required but also wind resistant planning of the entire en- vironment is essential.

High winds in the United States, 1975, A. R. Hull, T. D.

Potter, and N. B. Guttman, SP477, pp. 11-15— 11-29 (May

1977).

Key words: extra-tropical storms; hurricanes; thunderstroms; tornadoes; wind; wind damage.

During 1975, high winds in the United States were as- sociated with tornado and thunderstorm activity, major

extra-tropical storms and Hurricane Eloise. Hurricane Eloise reached the coast of Florida with an

observed minimum pressure of 95.5 kPa and sustained sur- face winds estimated at 202 km/h (56 m/s). Associated

gale winds were reported from Cedar Key, Florida, to southeastern Louisiana and northward over most of

Alabama, western Georgia, and extreme southeastern Tennessee. A unique set of hourly meteorological data and some oceanographic data was collected by two buoys during the approach and passage of the eye of Hurricane

Eloise. These data, along with simultaneous ship, aircraft,

and satellite data are being assembled and packaged for hurricane research studies. During 1975, 918 tornadoes and numerous storms with

high winds caused damage estimated in excess of 2 billion dollars. A devastating January blizzard dumped up to 58 cm (.58

m) of snow in some areas of the North Central States and was accompanied by winds of up to 130 km/h (36 m/s).

In contrast, a severe sandstorm struck southern California on June 17-18, bringing near zero visibility and windspeeds

of 144 km/h (40 m/s). Damage to power lines, poles, and

other facilities exceeded $100,000.

24
Mean speed profiles of hurricane winds, E. Simiu, V. C.

Patel, and J. F. Nash, SP477, pp. 11-30— 11-40 (May 1977).

Key words: boundary layer; hurricanes; loads (forces); natural analysis; tall buildings; wind profiles.

A numerical solution of the hurricane boundary layer

problem is presented in which the hurricane is modeled as a steady, axisymmetric, neutrally stratified flow. The turbu- lence effects in the flow are accounted for by the phenomenological relations proposed by Bradshaw et al., and Nash, which provide a considerably more realistic pic- ture of the actual flow than the pseudolaminar model used

in previous solutions of the boundry layer problem. The

results of the calculations obtained on the basis of the model just described suggest that; ( I ) in the height range

of interest to the structural designer, say up to a height of

400 m above ground, it is permissible to use the logarithmic law to represent the mean velocity profile of

hurricane winds and (2) if the relation between wind

speeds in different roughness regimes which is valid in extratropical storms is applied to hurricane winds, the speeds

over built-up terrain, calculated as functions of speed over open terrain, may be underestimated by about 10 percent

and 10-20 percent in suburban and in urban exposure,

respectively. The corresponding mean loads are then un- derestimated by about 1 5 percent and 30 percent, respectively.

Planning and design of strong-motion instrument networks,

R. B. Matthiesen, SP477, pp. Ill- 1—111-15 (May 1977).

Key words; cost effectiveness; ground motion; network

design; strong-motion record.

The types of research studies that utilize strong-motion

data may be classified as; source mechanism studies,

ground motion studies, soil failure studies, studies of the response of typical structures (including soil-structure in- teraction effects), and studies of the response of equip- ment.

In planning networks and arrays to make these studies,

criteria must be established based on the tectonic setting, the seismicity or recurrence of strong ground motions, the

reliability of operations in different regions, and a cost/benefit analysis of the data that may be obtained. A

review of the strong-motion records that have been obtained during the past 40 years indicates significant varia- tions in the recurrence of strong ground motions in the

seismically active regions of the western United States. When combined with instrument costs, maintenance costs, and the reliability of operations, these recurrence relations can be interpreted in terms of the cost per record for dif- ferent levels of motion. The benefits to be derived from

each type of study in each region need to be established. Current plans call for additional arrays to be installed in California, the Mississippi embayment, the Yellowstone

Park region, and Alaska to study the spectral characteristics of strong ground motions in these regions. Special

studies of local site effects and structural response are being planned in the more seismically active regions of

California. Similar criteria and planning should be applied

in the establishment of arrays of strong-motion instruments on a worldwide basis.

Observation of earthquake response of ground with horizontal and vertical seismometer arrays, S. Hayashi, H. Tsuchida,

and E. Kurata, SP477, pp. Ill- 1 6—111-25 (May 1977).

Key words; arrays; earthquakes; ground motion; records;

results; seismometers.

A horizontal seismometer array, having six observation

points along a straight line of 2500 meters in length, have

been established at the Tokyo International Airport. Each

observation point is equipped with two horizontal

seismometers. Downhole seismometer arrays have also been established at two points, one at the end of the observation line and the other at a point 500 meters inside from

the other end of the line. The observation started in April

1974 and since then 28 earthquakes have been recorded

as of June 1975. Correlations among the ground motions

at the points on the ground surface and the two points in the ground where the downhole seismometers have been

installed, have been studied. The relative displacements

between the points have also been studied.

It was assumed that there had been a straight pipeline

made of steel along the observation line and the pipe motions had been equal to the observed ground motions.

Then, the stresses in the pipe were estimated, and it was

found that the stresses due to axial deformations were re- markably larger than those due to the bending deformations.

Building strong-motion earthquake instrumentation, C. Rojahn, SP477, pp. III-26— III-40 (May 1977).

Key words; buildings; instruments; strong motion.

Based on the recommendations of a special ad-hoc committee, twenty-one geographic areas will be instrumented

under the building instrumentation phase of the California

Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program, a statewide pro- gram established by law in 1971 and funded through an as- sessment of estimated construction costs collected state- wide from building permits. The areas were selected on the

25
basis of population density, locations of buildings already

instrumented, and the probability for potentially damaging

earthquakes. Buildings to be instrumented will be of typical

construction, simple in framing and design, and of various

heights with the instrumentation of low-rise buildings

emphasized. Remote recording instrumentation, consisting

of single or multiaxial accelerometers connected via data

cable to a central recorder, will be installed in each building. The accelerometers will be placed on the lowest level, at the roof level, and, in many cases, at one or more inter- mediate levels. The instrumentation will be situated so as

to separately record both translational and torsional response. On the basis of current projected revenues, and instru- ment procurement, installation and maintenance expenses,

it is estimated that as many as 400 buildings may be instru- mented under the State program.

Characteristics of underground seismic motions at four sites around Toltyo Bay, T. Iwasaki, S. Wakabayashi, and F. Tat- suoka, SF477, pp. 111-41—111-56 (May 1977).

Key words: acceleration records; dynamic behavior;

earthquakes; response spectra; soils.

This paper discusses the dynamic behavior of subsurface

soil and rock layers on the basis of acceleration records

triggered during actual small to moderate earthquakes.

Borehole accelerometers are installed at four sites around

the Bay of Tokyo. These were installed in 1970-74, in connection with the Tokyo Bay Loop Highway Project

proposed by the Ministry of Construction.

Important acceleration records were obtained during six- teen moderate earthquakes (Magnitude-4.8-7.2) which oc- curred near the area in September 1970 through February

1975. From distributions of maximum accelerations at the four stations, it seems that the surface magnification factors (ratios of the surface acceleration to the base acceleration) are large (2.5 to 3.5) at the soft clayey soil site, small (about 1.5) at the rocky site, and medium (1.5 to 3)

at sandy soil sites. Response spectrum curves from typical acceleration

records are shown. Comparison of the spectral curves from

records obtained at three (or four) levels of one station during an earthquake suggests that frequency characteristics at the several depths are comparatively similar. Also it seems that frequency characteristics of earthquake

ground motions are influenced by seismic conditions (such

as magnitudes, epicentral distance, etc.) as well as soil conditions at the sites.

Relationship between earthqual<e damage of existing wooden

houses and seismic intensities, E. Kuribayashi, T. Tazaku, and

T. Hadate, SR477, pp. lV-1— IV-17 (May 1977).

Key words: classification; damage; intensity; seismic; wooden house.

This report discusses a quantitative relationship between

a ratio of earthquake damage of existing wooden houses

and seismic intensities. The ratio of earthquake damage of the houses is useful not only for understanding house and building design

criteria but for presuming the damage ratio of other struc- tures such as bridges, roads, public utilities, etc. Using statistics of disaster documents on short distant earthquakes; Fukui Earthquake (M = 7.3, 1948), IsuhantoOki Earthquake (M = 6.8, 1974) and Ebino Earthquake

(M = 6.I, 1968) the relationship between the ratio of

razed houses and epicentral distances or magnitudes of

earthquakes was analyzed. The equivalent ratio of razed

houses in earthquakes (Dl) and the orignal ratio of razed

houses (D2) are defmed as; D, = (Number of Razed

Houses + 0.5 X Number of Half Razed Houses/Total

Number of Existing Houses) x 100 (%); Dj = (Number of

Razed Houses/Total Number of Existing Houses) X 100

(%).

Conclusively D, in the area of diluvium or tertiary (given

as D,;) and in the area of alluvium (given as D|,/) can be

tentatively expressed as follows:

D,, = K, X 10^1

D„; = K„ X lO^II

where K, and K,/ are respective constant values, K, and K;; are functions of epicentral distances and earthquake magnitudes. Moreover D, and D2 correlate with each other and Dj/;

(in the area of alluvium) is greater than D21 (in the area of diluvium or tertiary).

A method for calculating nonlinear seismic response in two

dimensions, W. B. Joyner, SH477, pp. lV-18—IV-46 (May

1977).

Key words: bedrock; modeling; Theological; seismic

response; two-dimensions.

A method is presented for calculating the seismic response of two-dimensional configurations of soil testing on bedrock. The method, which is based on a rheological

model suggested by Iwan, takes account of the nonlinear,

hysteretic behavior of soil and offers considerable flexibili- ty for incorporating laboratory data on soil behavior. An

approximate treatment of the boundary conditions is employed which permits energy to be radiated into the underlying medium. Examples are shown to illustrate the method.

A new scale representing the "quake-sensitivity" at a certain region, T. Terashima and T. Santo, SP477, pp. IV- 47 —IV-54 (May 1977).

Key words: earthquake; index; quake-sensitivity; seismic

index; seismicity.

The nature of ground motions due to earthquakes, de- pends on the property of the superficial materials of the ground, which vary in different areas. In this paper, the dif- ferent characteristics of the ground motions is normalized

by a new scale designated as "Quake-Sensitivity." This

scale is defined as a ratio of N(I)/S, where N(I) is the an- nual mean frequency of seismic intensity of more than III (in J.M.A. scale) and S is seismicity index which has been

defined previously by the authors. A seismic zoning map was then made for Japan Islands

relative to the "Quake-Sensitivity." The area having a large

value of N(I)/S means that the area is sensitive to earthquake motions or the neighboring area has moderate

earthquakes.

Damage to the civil engineering structures in Hachijojima

Island by typhoon 7513, T. Okubo, N. Narita, and K. Yokoyama, SP477, pp. V-1—V-20 (May 1977).

Key words: damage; structures; typhoon; wind; wind ef- fects.

Typhoon 7513 passed across Hachijojima Island on

16:40, October 5, 1975 and caused damage to property,

houses and public service. The Public Works Research In- stitute performed a field investigation in Hachijojima

Island. In this paper the record of strong wind and the

state of damage are introduced. Typhoon 7513 is classified

26
as a small but strong typhoon, and the maximum wind

speed, averaged over ten minute intervals was 35.5 m/s,

and the maximum instantaneous wind speed was 67.8 m/s.

The number of the wounded was 85, but fortunately no

one was killed. A great deal of damage was done to houses, trees, poles and fences. The damage, with regard

to public service was the destruction of a school and

hospital building, and the interruption of electric power,

telephone, and roads. The damage to large scale structures consisted of the destruction of a guyed tower 80 meters

high, a panzer-mast, a bridge and four arc lamp standards.

Cyclone Tracy, R. D. Marshall, SP477, pp. V-21—V-53

(May 1977).

Key words: buildings; cyclones; disasters; structural engineering; tides; wind.

During the early morning hours of December 25, 1974,

the city of Darwin was devastated by the most damaging

cyclone ever to strike the Australian Continent. Winds of

up to 75 m/s caused extensive damage to housing in particular, requiring the evacuation of approximately half of

the 45,000 residents to other major cities in Australia. This

report is a result of the author spending several days on

temporary assignment with the Department of Housing and

Construction-Australian Government to inspect the damage, and to participate in discussions regarding the establishment of new design criteria and construction practices for cyclone areas. The fact that most of the damage

was caused by wind forces rather than a combination of

wind and storm surge greatly simplified the assessment of

damage and structural performance. The experience at Darwin points out the danger in depending too heavily

upon past experience and intuition in the design of housing. It also makes clear the need for additional research

into the behavior of certain building materials under re- peated loads and missile impact, and the racking strength

of walls subjected to uplift loads. On the damage to buildings in Hachijojima caused by

typhoon No. 7513, T. Murota, SP477, pp. V-54—V-59 (May

1977).

Key words: damage; typhoon; wind; wind effects. On October 5, 1975 Typhoon No. 7513 hit Hachijojima

Island, Tokyo and the maximum peak gust of 67.8 m/s was

observed. The damage to this island was severe and

widespread, damage to buildings, services, crops, trees, electric power lines and telephone lines occurred. The

wind records and the rate of damage to buildings was one

of the largest in Japan.

The Building Research Institute investigated the damage

to the buildings in Hachijojima Island from 9 to 16, October. This paper describes results of the investigation.

Description of the typhoon and meteorological environment in the Island during the passage of the typhoon are

referred in detail by Soma ( 1

) and therefore are not

referred to herein.

Seismic response of reinforced concrete highway bridges, J. Penzien, W. G. Godden, M. C. Chen, D. Williams, and K. Kawashima, SP477, pp. Vl-1— Vl-9 (May 1977).

Key words: bridges; design; experiments; nonlinear

response; reinforced concrete.

Presented is a brief progress report of an investigation

entitled "An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Existing

Bridge Design Methodology in Providing Adequate Structural Resistance to Seismic Disturbances" which was in- itiated in 1971 within the Earthquake Engineering

Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, under

the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation,

Federal Highway Administration.

An evaluation method for the earthquake resistant capacity

of reinforced concrete and steel reinforced concrete columns,

M. Ozaki and Y. Ishiyama, SP477, pp. VI-10 —Vl-27 (May

1977).

Key words: columns; concrete; earthquake; hysteretic en- velope; reinforced; strength.

An evaluation method for the earthquake resistant capacity of reinforced concrete and steel reinforced concrete columns by utilizing the force deflection relation- ship of column specimens subjected to axial force and re- peated and reversed lateral loading of considerable intensity is proposed.

An approximate response analysis for a nonlinear structural system was developed based on random vibration theory and was applied to models represented by a singledegree-of-freedom system subjected to a constant white

noise acceleration. The mean expected maximum response

values of the models with two different natural periods 0.1 and 0.5 sec. were calculated. Each model has a degrading

stiffness system and various hysteretic envelope slopes after four different yield point levels. The viscous damping ratio

is considered to be 5 percent of the critical damping for the entire processes of the models, and the hysteretic

damping ratio after yielding is assumed to increase according to the increase of ductility factor. The ductility factors of the models calculated by the nonlinear response analysis are shown in tables and figures.

The maximum strength of the linear model having the equivalent earthquake resistant capacity of a column

specimen can be assumed if the yield point, hysteretic en- velope slope tangent, coefficient of hysteretic damping

ratio and ductility factor of the specimen are measured by

testing.

A facility was designed for testing large models of rein- forced concrete and steel reinforced concrete columns

under action simulating gravity load and ground motion in order to standardize the testing techniques and to forestall possible errors that may be induced by the use of different types of testing facilities. An example of evaluation for the earthquake resistant capacity of a reinforced concrete column is presented by

utilizing the force deflection relationship of the specimen

obtained by the testing facility.

It is confirmed that yield point level, hysteretic envelope

slope, hysteretic damping ratio and ductility factor are the most important components of earthquake resistant capacityThe earthquake engineering program of the National

Science Foundation, J. B. Scalzi, SP477, pp. Vl-28— Vl-36

(May 1977).

Key words: earthquake; program; research; seismic.

The general research program, supported by the National Science Foundation, is given in general terms. The

required interaction between the social, economic and

technology is described.

27
Large-scale testing programs related to wind and seismic effects currently underway in Japan, S. Inaba, SP477, pp. VI- 37_VI-43 (May 1977).

Key words: earthquake; research programs; seismic; testing; wind.

This list has been prepared in order to discuss cooperative research problems in the area of large-scale testing of

structures at the 8th Joint Meeting of U.S. -Japan Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects. The Japan Panel selected the following four members to work on the task committee on

the large-scale testing program; Seiichi Inaba, National

Research Center for Disaster Prevention; Makoto Watabe,

Building Research Institute; Kenkichi Sawada, Public

Works Research Institute; Nobuyuki Narita, Public Works

Research Institute. In accordance with the exchange of letters between Dr.

C. Culver of the National Bureau of Standards of the U.S. Panel and Mr. S. Inaba of the Japan Panel, this list has

been drafted to inform the U.S. -Japan Panel of work being

conducted in this area. The list includes the large-scale

testing programs currently underway in Japan, the or- ganization, the name of individuals in charge, and a brief description of the objectives, status and time schedule.

Earthquake damages to earth structures, K. Sawada,

SP477, pp. VI-44— VI-49 (May 1977).

Key words: construction; dams; earthquake; earth structures; roads; survey.

This paper will present the problems associated with the damage to earth structures during earthquakes, and how

some of the problems have been solved. In addition this paper will present the principle of the design of earth

structures, that to date have not been discussed.

Initially, data has been collected on the amount of

damage to earth structures during earthquakes, how they

have failed and relationships to such failures. These data

are then used in formulating the mechanics of the failure. Finally, the details of the repair work required, as listed by field engineers engaged in this repair work was ex- amined.

28
Dynamic test of a circuit breaker for transformer substation, S. Inaba and S. Kinoshita, SP477, pp. VI-50—VI-60

(May 1977).

Key words: circuit breaker; data; experiment; shake table;

testing; transformer.

During earthquakes, dependability of electric power

supply systems, is required. However, earthquake damage

to the electric power industry has resulted from the structural failure of porcelain insulators, which are commonly

used for electric transmission equipment.

Dynamic tests of a circuit breaker of capacity 72/84

kilovolts used for a transformer substation were conducted

using the large-scale shaking table of the National

Research Center for Disaster Prevention in 1975. The test was performed under the sponsorship of Meidensha, a Japanese Manufacturer of electric power equipment. The

purpose of the test was to determine the dynamic characteristics of the prototype structure shielded with the porcelain insulator. Sinusoidal waves of resonant frequency

and earthquake simulated waves were applied to the test structure. It was found that the failure of the porcelain in- sulator governs the seismic resistibility of the circuit breaker and the maximum allowable acceleration at the top of the structure is 8.0 g.

Comprehensive seismic design provisions for buildings—

status report, C. G. Culver, SP477, pp. Vl-61— VI-68 (May

1977).

Key words: building codes; buildings; design; earthquakes;

structural engineering.

A review of the first draft of recently developed U.S.

seismic design provisions for building is presented. The

draft includes regulatory provisions suitable for inclusion as part of a building code and technical criteria for earthquake resistant design. The provisions are intended,

for implementation by standards organizations, model code

groups. Federal agencies and other regulatory groups. Technical criteria for structural design, architectural and

mechanical-electrical design, and existing buildings are

discussed.

Retrofitting of vulnerability in earthquake disaster mitigation problems, K. Ichihara, E. Kuribayashi, and T. Tazaki,

SP477, pp. Vl-69— VI-84 (May 1977).

Key words: costs; existing structures; optimization;

retrofitting; seismic.

This paper discusses a criterion for retrofitting of exist- ing structures vulnerable to disastrous earthquakes.

It would be ideal if all structural damage could be

avoided during earthquakes, however, to completely

strengthen structures is not practical because of the limita- tion of resources and land-space. On the basis of execution, it is necessary to classify the structures by functional

importance and structural vulnerability. The first category

of classification deals with the structure load. In the category dealing with the location, the densely inhabited

and effectively utilized structure, should have preferential

earthquake resistance, and this consideration is the basic philosophy of urban design including the countermeasure

to earthquakes. The second category is classified according

to the purpose of the structure. Life lines, such as traffic, transportation, water and energy transmission, and communication are indispensable during evacuation and rescue, so

that these structures would be required to retain safety.

This is especially true for roads, which are used not only

for a path of evacuation but also for rescue space, fire fighting etc. immediately after earthquakes. However, it seems impossible that all existing roads can be modified to such a high standard of earthquake resistance because of

the extreme cost involved. It is therefore more practical

and rational to select the important routes which should be

modified to meet specific earthquakes.

In this situation the following principles have been

chosen in the retrofitting and the vulnerability for such a decision-making process.

If given certain model routes, retrofitting costs can be

obtained for several methods, for example, perfect, medium and rough, for which the retrofitting cost should not be more than the cost of reconstruction. Next, suitable

load-retrofitting relations and suitable load-safety relations are examined. Using these quantitative results a final deci- sion can be made.

Dynamic response characteristics of a model arch dam, C.

D. Norman, R. D. Crowson, and J. P. Balsara, SP477, pp. Vl-85 —VI-117 (May 1977).

Key words: arch dam; deflections; dynamic tests; model;

structural analysis; velocities; vibrations.

The dynamic response characteristics of a model arch

dam are given in detail. These characteristics were deter- mined by subjecting the model to a vibratory loading.

Resulting deformations and velocities are given.

The measurement of the dynamic k-value in site and its application to design, T. Kunihiro, K. Yahagi, and M. Okahara,

SP477, pp. VI-1 18—VI-140 (May 1977).

Key words: bore hole; k property; property; soil; stiffness; testing.

The determination of the dynamic soil k property is determined by a series of bore hole tests. Results from

these tests are discussed and the significance of these data

are presented.

Laboratory investigation of undisturbed sampling and stan- dard penetration tests on fine sands, M. F. Marcuson, S. S. Cooper, and M. A. Bieganousky, SP477, pp. VI-141 —Vl-1 57

(May 1977).

Key words: density; liquefaction; sand; soils; tests; undisturbed sampling.

Determination of density of sand is presented. Densities

determined from using undisturbed samples and from the standard penetration tests are compared. It is shown that the standard penetration test is not sufficiently accurate to be recommended for final evaluation of the density at a

site unless site specific correlations are developed.

Dynamic soil properties with emphasis on comparison of laboratory tests and field measurements, T. Iwasaki and F. Tatsuoka, SP477, pp. VI-1 58—VI-178 (May 1977).

Key words: dynamics; field tests; laboratory tests; relationships; soil properties.

In order to evaluate analytically the motion of the ground during earthquakes, it becomes necessary to obtain

the dynamic deformation properties of the soil deposits,

especially the strain amplitude-dependent shear moduli and

the damping coefficients. At two sites, Iruma, Minami-lsucho and Ohgi-shima, Kawasaki-shi, insitu seismic surveys were performed. At the former site, a sand embankment

was damaged during the Off-Izu-peninsula earthquake on

29
May 9, 1974 and at the latter is located reclaimed land

where borehole accelerometers are installed. Furthermore,

sand sampled from these sites was tested with the resonant- column apparatus of the Drnevich type in order to obtain

the shear moduli and damping capacities at small strains. Laboratory test results showed that the two natural sands,

which are well-graded and include fine particles, have

smaller shear moduli than does uniform clean sands such

as Toyoura-sand and Ottawa-sand.

A comparison of the shear moduli from shear wave

velocities and those from resonant column tests was per- formed, giving excellent correlation for sands from both

sites.

Design earthquakes, E. L. Krinitzsky and F. K. Chang,

SP477, pp. VI-179 —VI-191 (May 1977).

Key words: data; displacements; intensity; seismic records;

velocity.

Relationships between earthquake intensity and epicentral distance are presented. Peak motion results, from 187

field records, are also given for examination. Also

presented is data on displacements, velocities and intensities.

Relation between seismic coefficient and ground acceleration

for gravity quaywall, S. Hayashi, S. Noda, and T. Uwabe,

SF477, pp. VI-192— Vl-198 (May 1977).

Key words: acceleration; accelerogram; gravity quaywall;

rock motion; seismic coefficient.

The present design standard for port and harbor structures, utilizes seismic coefficients which were obtained

from records of 1 29 gravity quaywalls in 49 ports damaged

by 12 earthquakes. The maximum ground accelerations in the ports were estimated by calculating the ground

response during the earthquake with reference to the at- tenuation curves of the base rock acceleration based on

the accelerograms in port area. The seismic coefficients in past earthquakes had upper

values of 0.25, and this upper limit can be related between

the coefficient and the maximum ground acceleration by

the following equation:

e^ = l/3(a/g)"^

Where e^: seismic coefficient; a: maximum ground ac- celeration (gal); g: acceleration of gravity (gal).

Investigation of earthquake resistance of structural (shear) wall buildings carried out at Portland Cement Association, M.

Finkel, SP477, pp. VI-199— VI-219 (May 1977).

Key words: design procedures; earthquake excitation of

structures; earthquake resistant structures; reinforcing

details; structural walls.

In July of 1974, PCA started (with NSF-RANN sponsorship) a comprehensive analytical and experimental study to

investigate the response to earthquake excitation of rein- forced concrete structures containing structural (shear)

walls. The aim of the study is to develop design procedures

and reinforcing details for earthquake resistant multistory

reinforced concrete structures containing structural walls.

A philosophy for structural integrity of large panel

buildings, M. Fintel and D. M. Schultz, SP477, pp. VI- 220—VI-251 (May 1977).

Key words: buildings; collapse; concrete; panels; structural

integrity.

The paper reviews the various methods to reduce risk from abnormal loads. To limit the occurrence of progressive collapse in large panel residential structures, a philosophy for establishing General Structural Integrity is developed to assure bridging of local damage while maintaining overall stability, thus eliminating the need to design

for any particular abnormal load. In this approach, tensile continuity and ductility of the elements, and their connections as well as of the overall structure, is stressed. The ra- tionale for a minimum tie system consisting of transversal,

longitudinal, vertical and peripheral ties to establish this General Structural Integrity is developed.

The objective of this approach is not to afford absolute

safety in regard to any exceptional event in any part of every building; rather, the intention is to limit and substantially reduce the general risk of collapse, as compared to that existing if no such measures were taken.

Wind and seismic design of United States nuclear power

plants, L. C. Shao, R. J. Stuart, and C. H. Hofmayer, SP477,

pp. VII-1— VII-28 (May 1977).

Key words: nuclear power plant; seismic effects; tornado;

wind.

All U.S. Nuclear Power Plants are currently designed to

resist the effects of severe and extreme environmental

loads in combination with operating and accident loads (tornado and accident loads are not combined). This af- fords two levels of resistance to wind and seismic loads i.e., the plant can remain operational during and following the operating basis earthquake or the design wind, and shall be

able to safely shut down following the design basis tornado

or safe shutdown earthquake. The design wind parameters

are normally selected based upon a one hundred year recurrence interval. These parameters (wind velocity,

velocity vertical profiles, and applicable gust factors) are transformed into applied pressures on exposed surfaces of

safety related structures considering the effects of ground

exposure, shape coefficients and pressure profiles at discontinuities. The design basis tornado is selected as the most severe tornado that can reasonably be predicted at a

site based on the geographical distribution of the frequency

of tornado occurence. The continental United States is di- vided into three tornado regions and for each region the

following tornado characteristics are specified: the rotational wind speed, the translational wind speed, the pres- sure drop across the tornado, the rate of pressure drop and

the radius of maximum rotational wind speed. The conversion of these parameters to design pressures must consider

the orientation of the tornado relative to the structure as well as the other factors considered for the design wind.

Various design tornado missiles and corresponding velocities are specified for each plant. Safety related structures are designed to resist both local damage (penetration and

spalling) and overall structural response due to these missiles. The SSE (Safe Shotdown Earthquake) is chosen as the maximum earthquake expected to occur at the site and

normally has a probability of occurrence of less than 10"^. The OBE is chosen as the earthquake which could

reasonably be expected to affect the plant during its operating life; however, its magnitude cannot be less than one half that of the SSE. Vertical and horizontal ground

acceleration values and broad band ground response spectra are specified for each plant site. A detailed dynamic

analysis is required for each plant, including the consideration of the effects of damping, soil-structure interaction, three components of earthquake motion, combination of

modal responses, etc. These considerations are detailed in recently published U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's

Standard Review Plans 3.7.1 Seismic Input, 3.7.2 Seismic

System Analysis, 3.7.3 Seismic Subsystem Analysis and

3.7.4 Seismic Instrumentation.

30
Outline of basic philosophy and practices of aseismatic

design for nuclear facilities in Japan, M. Watabe and Y. Ohsaki, 5^477, pp. VII-29— VII-35 (May 1977).

Key words: design guides; nuclear facilities.

In Japan, consistent standard specifications or guide lines for the aseismatic design of nuclear facilities has not offi- cially been established. Only recently, in March 1975, has

the Regulatory Guide of Design Earthquake Ground Motions for Nuclear Power Facilities been proposed. The

proposed Regulatory Guide has already had an effect in a

practical sense in spite of its interim nature. It is the pur- pose of this paper to briefly summarize the design philosophies and procedures of this aseismatic design currently

being used in practice in Japan.

Tornado-borne missiles, J. F. Costello, SP477, pp. VII- 36—VII-41 (May 1977).

Key words: dynamics; missiles; power plants; structural engineering; tornadoes; trajectories.

Nuclear power plants are designed to withstand the ef- fects of severe environmental events, including tornadoes,

without endangering public health and safety. Along with

high wind velocities and drops in pressure, an effect which

must be considered is the fact that objects of varying sizes are displaced by tornadoes. Predictions of what objects are

likely to fly and at what velocities are difficult. Knowledge

of the actual windfields present in a tornado is sketchy as

is information about the aerodynamics of bluff bodies. This

paper outlines methods which have been developed in order to make conservative estimates of the effects of tor- nado-generated missiles.

Structural damage to bridges resulting from the Guatemala

earthquake, J. D. Cooper, SP477, pp. VIll- 1 —VllI-27 (May

1977).

Key words: bridges; earthquake damage; Guatemala

earthquake.

The Guatemala earthquakes of February 4 and 6, 1976,

caused severe economic hardships because of highway

bridge failures and damage. The damage to three major

bridges, Agua Caliente, LaAsuncion, and Incienso is described. A general discussion of damage to bridges and

the roadway along a major highway, the Atlantic Highway,

(Route CA9), is also presented.

SP489. Abstracted reports and articles of the HUD Modular In- tegrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Program, J. D. Ryan and B. Reznek, Eds., Nai. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 489, 153

pages (Aug. 1977) SN003-003-01 830-9.

Key words: abstracted reports and articles; HUD Modular

Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Program; total energy;

utility systems.

This document provides a complete listing of reports and articles relating to the HUD-MIUS Program. Reports from 1970

through August 1976 are included. The entry for each report

contains an abstract and other pertinent information, including

procurement sources and procedures. Reports are presented by

4 general subject categories; Program and Concept Description,

Systems Analysis, Technology Evaluation, and Hardware

Evaluation and Demonstration. The reports are further classified into 3 publication/availability categories: government

publications (Published Reports), nongovernment publications

and articles (Outside Publications) and unpublished reports and

data (Open-File Reports).

SP490. Observations on the behavior of buildings in the Romania earthquake of March 4, 1977, G. Fattal, E. Simiu,

and C. Culver, Nai. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 490, 168

pages (Sept. 1977) SN003-003-01 84 1 -4.

Key words: buildings; building codes; earthquakes; natural

disasters; structural engineering.

Observations are presented of the damage to buildings result- ing from the earthquake of March 4, 1977 in Romania. The re- port was prepared by engineers from the National Bureau of

Standards who participated as members of the U.S. government

team dispatched to Romania under the auspices of the Office

of Foreign Disaster Assistance, Agency for International Development. A summary of the team's activities is included.

Background data on the seismic history of Romania, the

characteristics of the earthquake and descriptions of damage to

specific buildings are also included. The types of building construction and the history of the development of seismic design

requirements for buildings in Romania are discussed. Recommendations are presented for needed building research based on the observations.

31
HANDBOOKS

Recommended codes of engineering and industrial practice

(including safety codes) developed in cooperation with in- terested industries, professional organizations, and regulatory

bodies.

H121. Waste heat management guidebook, K. G. Kreider and

M. B. McNeil, Eds., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Handb. 121, 174

pages (Feb. 1977) SN003-003-0 1 669- 1

.

Key words: boilers; economics; energy conservation; instru- mentation; recuperators; waste.

Sources of waste (i.e., discarded) heat in industrial processes

are reviewed, and an overview of off-the-shelf technology

available for its use is given. Discussions of waste heat measure- ment technology and economics are included, as are fourteen

case studies of successful industrial waste-heat recovery instal- lations.

32
NBS INTERAGENCY REPORTS

The Interagency Reports are a special series of interim or

final reports on work generally performed by NBS for outside sponsors (both government and non-government). When

released by the National Bureau of Standards and the Sponsor,

initial distribution is handled by the Sponsor. Public availability

is by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS),

Springfield, Va. 22161. This series must be ordered from NTIS

by the order number listed at the end of each entry.

NBSIR 76-1005. A comparison of two testers in evaluating the

slip-resistance of bathtub and shower base surfaces, R. J. Brungraber and T. J. R. Raper, 59 pages (Oct. 1977). Order

from NTIS as PB273120.

Key words: Kollsman tester; NBS-Brungraber tester; safety

of bathrooms; slip-resistance of bathtub and shower base

surfaces; slip-resistance testers.

The report describes a program of tests planned by ASTM

Committee F 15.03 on Safety Standards for Bathtub and Shower

Structures, and conducted at the National Bureau of Standards

for the purpose of comparing the NBS-Brungraber and the Kollsman tester with respect to their effectiveness in evaluating

the slip-resistance of bathtub and shower base surfaces. This

program represents a contribution by the National Bureau of

Standards to the efforts of the American Society for Testing

and Materials and the Consumer Product Safety Commission in developing safety standards for bathrooms and bathroom fix- tures. Both testers employ the same material (drumheads of

"slunk") to simulate human skin, and the report concludes that both testers will satisfactorily discriminate between different bathroom surfaces on the basis of slip-resistance. The conclusion may be made that the NBS-Brungraber tester is considerably more convenient to use.

NBSIR 76-1088. Estimating the energy conservation potential of

ventilation control through weather data analysis, T. Kusuda

and J. W. Bean, 51 pages (Aug. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB273949.

Key words: air conditioning requirements; energy conservation; intermittent ventilation; ventilation control; weather

data analysis.

Hourly weather data for six selected cities in the United

States covering eleven consecutive years were analyzed to aid

in estimating the possible energy saving that could be achieved

by closing the outdoor dampers during unoccupied hours. The

analysis shows that, depending upon the local weather condition, and with some simplifying assumptions, from 74 to 83 per- cent of the energy used for heating the make-up air could

potentially be saved by closing the outdoor dampers when the

building is not occupied. Based upon a premise that the energy

required for cooling the outdoor ventilation air is proportional

to the average enthalpy difference between the outdoor air and

the air leaving the cooling coil, from 53 to 63 percent of the energy for cooling of ventilation air could be saved by closing

the outdoor dampers during unoccupied hours. Hourly temperature and enthalpy values are presented in histogram form for occupied and unoccupied periods (office

use), with the suggestion that similar data processing be carried out for other cities as well.

NBSIR 76-1 103. Some institutional factors affecting MIUS—

case study and annotated bibliography, J. Elder, 65 pages

(June 1977). Order from NTIS as PB268425.

Key words: institutional factors; Modular Integrated Utility

System; total energy; utility system.

This report considers some of the institutional factors which

might affect the development and implementation of an innovative utility project and in particular of a Modular Integrated

Utility System (MIUS). A case study of the planning and implementation stages of a major utility project was undertaken

along with several studies of less complex utility projects. An

annotated bibliography exploring the literature on institutional response to existing or proposed utility projects and to innovation in general is included. The case studies and literature sur- vey indicated a number of institutional factors along with a wide range of issues associated with these factors. Specifically, the institutional factors which are considered fall into the fol- lowing areas: utility company response, local citizen group

response, environmental group response, labor interest,

builder/developer role, local planning agency and local, state and Federal agency involvement. Economic and

legal/regulatory factors are not considered in any detail. In addition to the case studies and the annotated bibliography, the report contains a list of researchers currently working on re- lated programs and a list of journals and other major references

which are likely to include relevant material.

NBSIR 76-1 177. Comparison of computer-predicted and ob- served energy uses in a multi-family high-rise apartment

building, J. P. Barnett and S. T. Liu, 37 pages (June 1977).

Order from NTIS as PB267829.

Key words: building energy analysis; computerized energy

analysis; energy consumption; heating and cooling loads. A comparison has been made of the results of two computer

programs, the National Bureau of Standards Load Determination Program (NBSLD) and the American Gas Associations E- CUBE program, in predicting the energy consumption of a multi-family high-rise apartment building located in Omaha,

Nebraska. Results are given on a monthly basis for the computed energy values and compared with average monthly values of metered data obtained over a five-year period. Close agree- ment was found between the energy consumption predicted by

the two different computer programs, as well as between the predicted values and the metered data (less than 7% difference on an annual basis).

NBSIR 76-1178. Air leakage and thermal performance of a MARK in relocatable Lewis building, C. W. Phillips, B. A. Peavy, and M. E. Kuklewicz, 42 pages (Dec. 1976). Order

from NTIS as PB26421 1

Key words: air leakage of buildings; building heat transfer; honeycomb panel construction; relocatable buildings; windload racking.

This report presents the findings of air leakage and heat

transfer tests of a Mark III relocatable building at the National

Bureau of Standards, Building Environment Division, for the U.S. Department of the Navy. Quantitative and qualitative

(smoke trace) air leakage tests with the building pressurized,

and the heat transfer test, were performed with the building

erected in an environmental laboratory. The quantitative air leakage tests were performed in two phases. One was with the building racked to simulate a wind load and the other was

without racking. The building was of prefabricated honeycomb

panel construction using aluminum skins. Included are photographs of the building and test equipment and tables and charts showing the magnitude of air leaks at the windows and doors. Racking had negligible effect on the air leakage rate.

33
NBSIR 76-1182. The thermal performance of a two-bedroom

mobile home, G. J. Teitsma and B. A. Peavy, 104 pages (Jan.

1977). Order from NTIS as PB263883.

Key words: air infiltration; energy conservation; mobile

home; part-load efficiency; thermography.

Tests were conducted on a mobile home located in an Environmental Climatic Laboratory for the purpose of evaluating

its thermal performance. The heating demand greatly affected

the part-load efficiency of a gas-fired, forced-air, sealed-combustion furnace system. The practice of installing oversized

heating plants was shown to result in low seasonal operating ef- ficiencies. Air leakage measurements were performed using a

pressurization technique to quantify the amount of air leakage

through the various parts of the mobile home. Separate air in- filtration tests using the SFb tracer-gas technique that somewhat

higher air infiltration rates were induced by operation of the mobile home heating plant. A thermographic survey of interior surfaces showed that the technique used to install the wall insulation may allow wrinkles formed in the surface of the insula- tion to form air paths running the height of the wall cavity.

Convective air flow through these paths may create heat leaks on the building surface which can have an impact on the

overall heat-loss rate. Separate tests were also conducted to

identify places in the mobile home envelope having high condensation potential.

NBSIR 76-1184. Performance of branch circuit electrical ter- minations of copper and aluminum non-metallic sheathed

cable, L. W. Masters, E. J. Clark, and E. J. Embree, 35 pages

(Nov. 1976). Order from NTIS as PB267221

.

Key words; aluminum wiring; branch circuits; copper wiring; military buildings.

A study was performed to provide the Tri-Services Committee on Building Materials with guidelines regarding the use of

aluminum branch circuit wiring in military buildings. The first part of the study consisted of identifying military bases which

contain buildings with aluminum wired branch circuits. Personnel at a number of the bases were contacted in order to esti- mate the extent of observed problems. Laboratory tests were

performed on CO/ALR and non-CO/ALR duplex receptacles

wired with both aluminum and copper nonmetallic sheathed

cable. Overheating of aluminum wired termination points was

observed with some receptacles in a current cycling test using

non-CO/ALR receptacles at screw torque levels of 0.023 and

0.069 kg-m (2 and 6 Ib-in). Aluminum wired non-CO/ALR

receptacles tested at 0.138 kg-m (12 Ib-in) screw torque

showed no signs of overheating and copper wired non-CO/ALR

receptacles showed no signs of overheating regardless of screw

torque.

This report presents the findings of the study and includes

guidelines regarding the use of aluminum branch circuit wiring

in military buildings.

NBSIR 76-1 193. Earthquake related activities of the Center for Building Technology, C. G. Culver, 24 pages (Mar. 1977).

Order from NTIS as PB265103.

Key words: buildings; design; disaster mitigation;

earthquakes; engineering.

This report describes activities related to earthquake engineering being carried out by the Center for Building

Technology as part of the Center's overall Disaster Mitigation

Program. Laboratory and field research, post disaster investigations and efforts to develop comprehensive earthquake resistant design provisions are included. The professional disciphnes

within the Center and the laboratory facilities are discussed. Recent accomplishments and mechanisms employed for

facilitating implementation of the Center's research results are

also discussed.

NBSIR 77-1 196. Wind tunnel studies of RP-US Bayanihan per- manent school building, R. D. Marshall, 28 pages (Dec.

1977). Order from NTIS as PB274647.

Key words: aerodynamics; boundary layers; buildings; tur- bulence; wind loads; wind tunnels. Wind pressures measured on a 1:80 scale model of the RPUS Bayanihan Permanent School Building are compared with

wind pressures used in the original design calculations. The

wind tunnel studies were conducted in a tunnel fitted with

spires and roughness elements to generate a thick, turbulent boundary layer. This boundary layer is believed to be a reasonable simulation of the lowest portion of the atmospheric

surface layer developed over rolling countryside with scattered

trees or over suburban areas. While the wind tunnel test results are in fair agreement with the overall design wind pressures, edges of the roof along the end walls can be subjected to pres- sures which substantially exceed the design values. It is recom- mended that the load capacity of certain roof elements be reex- amined and that ridge ventilators be used in future construction

to reduce the uplift loads on the roof structure.

NBSIR 77-1 197. How houses can better resist high winds S. Kli- ment, N. J. Raufaste, and R. D. Marshall, Coordinators, 12 pages (Feb. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB268081.

Key words: architecture; buildings; connectors; design

criteria; fasteners; wind.

This guide presents to designers, builders, government and

private building authorities, and building owners and occupants

a series of effective methods for improving the resistance of new and existing buildings against high winds. The methods

described may be applied to improving the construction of new

buildings as well as to increase the wind resistance of existing

buildings. This material offers guidelines for selecting the loca- tion and orientation of buildings and the building shapes, for suggesting methods of construction, for recommended building

details, and for local production of connectors and fasteners. It covers two common types of construction —masonry and

timber—as well as selected details based on local materials

such as bamboo and adobe.

NBSIR 77-1207. Performance of the engine-generators used in the Jersey City total energy plant, J. B. Coble, M. E. Kuklewicz, and J. H. Hebrank, 22 pages (Mar. 1977). Order

from NTIS as PB264427.

Key words: diesel engine performance; engine-generator ef- ficiency; engine-generator performance; heat recovery;

total energy systems.

Each of five 600-kilowatt (kW), diesel engine-generators

which were to be installed in a total energy plant was per- formance tested under NBS direction at the engine-generator

vendor's plant. These tests provided a basis for acceptance of

the engine-generators and for comparison with installed per- formance.

This testing was performed as a part of a comprehensive

study to assess engineering, economic, and environmental

aspects of a total energy plant which supplies all electrical power, hot water, and chilled water to an apartment complex

in Jersey City, New Jersey. Under sponsorship of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the National

Bureau of Standards (NBS) has instrumented the total energy

site for engineering data and is collecting economic and en- vironmental data. The engines were tested at seven power levels ranging from

0 to 110 percent rated electrical load. In the tests, fuel con34
sumption, electrical output, and jacket-water heat recovery were measured, as well as many other parameters. Results are reported for fuel consumption, electrical efficiency, and electri- cal-plus-thermal efficiency, and comparisons are made with

measured data from the total energy plant.

NBSIR 77-1210. Equipment maintenance for energy conservation, J. Levy, 56 pages (Feb. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB264297.

Key words: dynamic programming; economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markow

decision process; policy improvement algorithm.

A general model of equipment performance as a function of

maintenance is developed that permits quantification of the optimal level of maintenance in terms of performance attainment

and relative factor costs. The model formulation is that of a

finite state, finite action Markovian decision process. The re- port supplies a listing for a program in BASIC of the policy improvement algorithm for finding a best policy. The model will help maintenance engineers, building managers and/or others

responsible for making decisions concerning maintenance poli- cies in selecting economically efficient levels of maintenance

for elements of building service equipment. The report also contains an illustrative example applying the model to the maintenance of an air handling unit.

NBSIR 77-1233. U.S. team visit to France on health care facilities, S. Kramer and R. Kapsch, 56 pages (Apr. 1977). Order

from NTIS as PB265436.

Key words: architecture; building technology; construction;

health facilities; hospitals; medical facilities; medical

planning.

The U.S. Center for Building Technology (CBT), Institute for Applied Technology, National Bureau of Standards, and the French Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment (CSTB)

regularly exchange special study teams for selected areas of

building technology. This report is on the visit of the U S. team

to France on health care facilities, held in April 1972. The U.S. team consisted of representatives from the Center for Building

Technology; the Department of Defense; the Veterans Administration; and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

The team visited health facilities in Paris, Meaux, Dijon,

Beaune and Lyon. Innovative methods for the planning, design

and construction of French health facilities were reviewed by

the team participants. This report contains the findings and observations of the team. These findings and observations were

originally recorded in a letter report which was exchanged with

members of the U.S. team and the respective cooperating

groups in France. However, it is felt that the documentation of

the observations in the open literature is important for record purposes and will provide a source document for future discussions on the planning and design of medical and health care

facilities.

NBSIR 77-1237. Transpiration heat transfer in thermal energy

storage devices, B. A. Peavy and W. E. Dressier, 31 pages

(May 1977). Order from NTIS as PB26728I.

Key words: porous media; thermal energy storage; trans- piration heat transfer.

The storage of thermal energy at a suitable temperature level from sources such as solar energy or waste heat processes can make that energy available for space heating at a later time

period. This report is concerned with sensible heat transfer that takes place in a thermal storage device composed of a porous

material with a fluid (water) transpiring through it. Experiments were performed on a prototype thermal storage device

and the results were compared to numerical values computed

from an analytical model. The comparison can be considered

very good. Further experimentation is considered necessary to

define test parameters such as steady initial condition, steady

input water temperatures, piston and mixing-type flows, effects of heat losses, and conduction heat flow in the heat storage

container.

NBSIR 77-1243. Performance analysis of the Jersey City total energy site: Interim report, J. Hebrank, C. W. Hurley, J. D. Ryan, W. Obright, and W. Rippey, 175 pages (July 1977).

Order from NTIS as PB269517.

Key words: absorption chillers; boiler performance; central

utility plant; diesel engine; engine-generator efficiency;

heat recovery; performance; total energy systems.

Under the sponsorship of the Department of Housing and

Urban Development (HUD), the National Bureau of Standards

(NBS) has gathered engineering and economic data from an

operating diesel total energy plant which supplies all electrical power, hot water, and chilled water to a 485-unit apartment/commercial building complex in Jersey City, New Jersey.

Engineering data has been continuously collected since April

1975 by a data acquisition system (DAS) which monitors ap- proximately 200 sensors located in the plant and site buildings.

In this report, data for a one-year period from November 1975

through October 1976 is presented. Electrical and thermal de- mands by the site and plant equipment efficiencies have been

determined from this data and are reported. Reliability data is also reported.

Relative fuel savings by the total energy plant have been

determined from the engineering data. Adjustments were per- formed to compensate for the malfunctioning absorption chillers. Calculations indicate that an alternative conventional central plant using purchased electrical power, oil-fired boilers,

and absorption chillers would have required 17.3 percent more

fuel than required by the JCTE plant as adjusted. These savings

correspond to 160,000 gallons (606 m'') of fuel oil annually.

Minor design modifications are suggested in this report which

would improve the JCTE plant performance an additional 5.7 percent. If the JCTE plant chillers were properly adjusted and

the suggested minor modifications were performed, the above

alternative conventional plant would have consumed 24.5 per- cent more fuel oil annually. Economic data describing the

capital, operating, owning, and maintenance costs during the one-year period are also presented. Unit cost of electrical, heat- ing and cooling energy commodities are determined and compared to conventionally-supplied energy unit costs.

NBSIR 77-1244. Survey of uses of waste materials in construction in the United States, J. R. Clifton, P. W. Brown, and G.

Frohnsdorff, 63 pages (July 1977). Order from NTIS as PB270854.

Key words: coal by-products; construction materials; industrial wastes; mining wastes; municipal waste; slags; waste

materials. A survey has been made ofllthe sources, amounts and

methods of disposal of major mining, industrial and municipal

wastes available in the 48 counterminous states of the United

States. This includes the present and potential uses of these wastes as construction materials. While over 3X10" tons of waste materials are generated annually in the United States, only small amounts are being used

by the construction industry. The low level of use does not yet

reflect the advances being made in converting wastes into via- ble construction materials. In several cases, construction

materials produced from wastes have been at least the technological equivalent of materials produced from virgin resources. Factors which are impeding the increased utilization of wastes are discussed and emerging incentives which could

facilitate their increased use are covered.

35
NBSIR 77-1246. Evaluation of the egress provisions of the HUD

mobile home construction and safety standard, S. Adler, 78

pages (May 1977). Order from NTIS as PB268389.

Key words: emergency egress; HUD; mobile home;

racking; research; safety; standard; window.

Evaluative tests were carried out to assess the adequacy and

sufficiency of the HUD Mobile Home Construction and Safety

Standards. Project activities included library research, laboratory testing and construction of a Mobile Home Emergency

Egress Demonstration Unit. The study recommended: ( 1

)

establishment of performance goals to relate the desired objective (safe egress) to the specific requirements of the standard:

(2) expansion of the scope of the requirements to assure that egress devices do not adversely affect the safety or security of

the mobile home under normal living conditions; and (3) support of applied research to interrelate egress requirements,

device characteristics, and human capabilities.

NBSIR 77-1250. Analysis of housing data collected in a lead- based paint survey in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —Part I, D. R.

Shier and W. G. Hall, 100 pages (May 1977). Order from

NTIS as PB268I50.

Key words: children; data analysis; housing; lead paint; lead poisoning; surveys; x-ray fluorescence.

This report is a companion document to a previous report

(NBSIR 76-1024) on blood lead levels of children tested during

a lead-based paint survey in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The

emphasis in this report is on the methodology used and types

of housing-related information collected by the survey. Through

the use of portable x-ray fluorescence lead detectors, measure- ments were taken from a variety of surfaces within rooms of

the dwelling unit as well as at locations exterior to the unit. Analyses of these x-ray fluorescence measurements established

that older housing units exhibit considerably greater lead levels than newer housing units. In addition, wet rooms (kitchen and

bathrooms) have higher levels than other (dry) rooms, rooms

with a poor surface/substrate condition have higher levels than rooms with a good surface/substrate condition, and trim sur- faces (e.g., doors, windows, baseboards) have higher levels than

walls. Also, exterior surfaces show higher readings than functionally similar interior surfaces. While the present report concentrates on the housing aspect of the survey, subsequent

processing of the Pittsburgh data is under way to determine

possible relationships among blood lead levels, socioeconomic

variables and housing-related characteristics.

NBSIR 77-1254. Transportation, handling and field service loads for air mobility shelter systems, C. W. C. Yancey, 74

pages (July 1977). Order from NTIS as PB269354.

Key words: acceleration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent static force; gravity load; handling devices; handling loads; military field shelters; probability distributions; shocks, snow load; static load; trains; transportation;

trucks; vibrations; wind load. To fulfill one of the prerequisites for establishing design

criteria for military field shelters, transportation, handling and

field service load data are presented. An extensive literature search was conducted to determine the magnitude and frequencies of shock and vibration responses produced by railroad,

road and air cargo vehicles and by devices commonly used in handling field shelters. Summary data, extracted from field study reports, are presented in the form of acceleration versus frequency diagrams. The acceleration values can be used to compute an Equivalent Static Force input for the design and

analysis of shelter models. The probabilities of occurrence of

the acceleration amplitudes generated by the three transportation modes are indicated in cases where data reduction in- cluded statistical analyses. Sources of the dynamic load data included flatbed trucks, propeller and jet airplanes, helicopters, railroad fiatcars and forklift trucks. Where possible, the shock

and vibration data used in presenting the summary diagrams were restricted to that obtained from tests involving military

vehicles commonly used to transport shelters. Recommendations are presented for the selection of static design loads to account for gravity, snow, ice and wind effects,

NBSIR 77-1256. Properties of 21 year old coal-tar pitch roofing

membranes: A comparison with the NBS preliminary per- formance criteria, R. G. Mathey and W. J. Rossiter, Jr., 26

pages (June 1977). Order from NTIS as PB267845.

Key words: bituminous roof membranes; built-up roof

membranes; coal-tar pitch; performance criteria; physical

and engineering properties; test methods.

The properties of coal-tar pitch roof membranes approximately 21 years old were compared to the properties reported

for such membranes in NBS Building Science Series 55,

"Preliminary Performance Criteria for Bituminous Membrane

Roofing." Samples of the old membranes were taken from eight

buildings having roof areas that range from 0.5 to 1 .5 million square feet (4.6 to 15 km^). The buildings were located at three sites in or near the state of Kentucky. The roof membranes on these buildings had been subjected to different main- tenance procedures.

Laboratory tests conducted on 47 membrane samples in- cluded tensile strength, modulus of elongation and coefficient of expansion. The thermal shock factor was calculated for each

sample. Laboratory observations were made of the membrane

samples to determine between-ply bitumen thickness, weight

per unit area, ply adhesion, pliability and condition of the membrane.

The tensile strengths of the membranes determined at 0 °F

( — 18 °C) in their longitudinal and transverse directions were comparable to values reported in NBS Building Science Series

55. Values of the coefficient of expansion measured over the temperature range of 0 to —30 °F ( — 18 to —34 °C) were also comparable to those reported in NBS Building Science Series

55. The modulus of elongation was considerably higher

old membrane samplds which rdsulted in lower values of ther- mal shock factor. The lower values of extensibility of the old membranes were attributed to their brittleness caused by aging.

The type and frequency of roof maintenance procedures was

considered to have had a definite effect on the properties of

these old roof membranes.

NBSIR 77-1259. Building energy conservation programs—

A

preliminary examination of regulatory activities at the State

level, P. W. Cooke and R. M. Eisenhard, 125 pages (June

1977). Order from NTIS as PB268873.

Key words: buildings; energy conservation; enforcement;

legislation; regulations; solar energy; standards; state-of- the-art study.

Background information on the current regulatory status and

degree of implementation of building energy conservation pro- grams at the State level are described, including those programs

dealing with solar energy. The objective of the study is to pro- vide the Federal Energy Administration (FEA) with a data base

of standards implementation experience. This data base can be

drawn upon to promote utilization of building thermal efficien- cy standards on a uniform basis throughout the country. From

information collected in a survey of twenty-one selected States, the survey report presents the current state-of-the-art on com- mon problems experienced at the State level in the promulgation and implementation of building energy conservation regulations. Based on these findings, several types of assistance that could facilitate the orderly adoption and implementation of

uniform standards are identified.

36
NBSIR 77-1261 . Laboratory tests of thermoplastic piping assemblies subjected to water hammer and intermittent hot water

flow, D. E. Rorrer, J. R. Shaver, and R. S. Wyly, 51 pages (Aug. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB270867.

Key words; intermittent hot water exposure tests of ther- moplastic pipe; pressure shock in thermoplastic pipe; water hammer in thermoplastic pipe.

Evaluation procedures are described that were used at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for simulating the long- term effects of water hammer (shock pressure) and cyclic hot

water flow (thermal cycling) on chlorinated polyvinyl (CPVC)

thermoplastic pressure piping assemblies. Also included are the procedures used to study the effects of thermal cycling of two

(2) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thermoplastic drainage stack as- semblies. The results obtained using these test procedures are presented and, in addition, related work of other investigators

is briefly reviewed.

The shock pressure results show that a fatigue life curve can

be established for CPVC as a function of temperature and pressure. As the temperature is decreased the number of shock

pressure applications necessary to produce failure increases. An

estimated use-life of at least 50 years was indicated at the max- imum test temperature of 180 °F (82 °C) with pressures of 150

psi (1034 kPa).

With intermittent hot water flow all test assemblies were per- forming satisfactorily when the test was terminated after more

than 1500 cycles had been completed.

NBSIR 77-1263. Radiant heating in seamless flooring—A feasibility study, P. G. Campbell, M. A. Post, M. Godette, and W.

E. Roberts, 30 pages (July 1977). Order from NTIS as PB273946.

Key words: electrical heating elements; materials per- formance; radiant panel-seamless flooring system; seamless

flooring; temperature characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of

using radiant heating in seamless flooring as a supplemental

heating source in housing units. The resistance of twenty seamless flooring systems to abrasion, flow, impact, flame, stain,

moisture and elevated temperature were evaluated using

laboratory tests. Power requirements and the magnitude and

uniformity of surface temperatures of nine electrical heating

elements, functioning as radiant heating panels, were experimentally determined and evaluated. The radiant heating panels were coated with selected seamless flooring systems and the performance characteristics of the radiant panel-seamless floor- ing system were evaluated. The report contains a summary of

test results demonstrating the feasibility of the radiant panelseamless flooring system and the identification of areas for fu- ture research.

NBSIR 77-1272. Intermediate standards for solar domestic hot water systems/HUD initiative, J. K. Holton, et al., 153 pages

(July 1977). Order from NTIS as PB271758.

Key words: solar buildings; solar collectors; solar domestic

hot water systems; standards; thermal storage.

This report presents standards for the use of solar domestic

hot water systems in residential applications. The standards

have been developed for application in numerous housing pro- grams of the Department of Housing and Urban Development

and are a companion document to be used in conjunction with

the HUD "Minimum Property Standards for One and Two

Family Dwellings," 4900, and "Minimum Property Standards

for Multifamily Housing," 4910. To the greatest extent possible, these standards are based on current state-of-the-art practice and on nationally recognized standards including the MPS

and the HUD "Interim Performance Criteria for Solar Heating

and Combined Heating/Cooling Systems and Dwellings."

NBSIR 77-1274. Retrofitting an existing wood frame residence

for energy conservation—An experimental study, D. M. Burch

and C. M. Hunt, 159 pages (July 1977). Order from NTIS

as PB269847.

Key words: air infiltration; condensation in buildings; ener- gy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heatloss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography.

A wood-frame residence having only limited insulation in the

attic was retrofitted ip three stages to reduce its energy requirements for heating and cooling. The three retrofit stages comprised: reducing air leaks; adding storm windows; and installing insulation in the floor, ceiling, and walls. The house was extensively instrumented to evaluate energy savings and other per- formance factors. An economic model was used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the retrofit options and the number of years to pay back their initial investment.

The walls of the test house were insulated with three dif- ferent types of insulating material: fibrous glass wool, cellulosic

fiber, and urea-formaldehyde foam. The thermal performance

of these three insulating materials was measured and compared,

both in the field and laboratory.

37
"Recommended good practices" for moisture protection were applied when insulation was installed in the test house.

The effectiveness of these measures in preventing damaging

moisture accumulation in crawl spaces and attics was evaluated.

Finally, thermographic surveys were performed before and

after the retrofit. Based on the results of these surveys, criteria for distinguishing between insulated and uninsulated woodframe cavity walls were presented.

NBSIR 77-1297. State solar energy legislation of 1976: A review

of statutes relating to buildings, R. M. Eisenhard, 2SS pages

(Sept. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB273899.

Key words: architecture; buildings; design; energy; legisla- tion; solar; standards; State.

This report reviews State legislation on solar energy use in buildings enacted in 1976. Acts involve tax incentives for the

installation of solar devices, support for the proposed Solar

Energy Research Institute called for in Public Law 93-473,

solar standards. State energy offices, studies, building requirements and solar projects. The Acts are identified and abstracted and responsible State officials listed. The Acts, as well as supporting forms and other information, are included in the appendixes.

NBSIR 77-1303. A simplified procedure for calculating the

direct components of contrast rendition factor and equivalent

sphere illumination, J. B. Murdoch, 75 pages (Nov. 1977).

Order from NTIS as PB27433I

Key words: body shadow; contrast rendition; hand calculator; illuminating engineerine: light design; luminaire effec38

tiveness; luminance factor; office lighting; sphere illumination. A procedure is presented which enables the user to compute

the direct components of contrast rendition factor (CRF) and

equivalent sphere illumination (ESI) for an interior lighting

design with the aid of a card-programmable hand calculator. The underlying theory and equations of CRF and ESI are

discussed, including a consideration of body shadow, intensity distribution curve interpolations, bidirectional luminance factor approximating equations and Inverse Square approximations.

The procedure is designed so that the user is a participant

in the computations as they progress and thus is able to modify

a lighting design in "midstream" to improve CRF or ESI. A set of user instructions is included with the calculator programs.

NBSIR 77-1305. Provisional flat plate solar collector testing

procedures. Solar Energy Program Team, Center for Building

Technology, 56 pages (Sept. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB272500

Key words: durability/reliability; fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors; structural performance; testing procedures;

thermal performance.

The test methods contained in this report and the provisional

rating criteria presented in an appendix are intended for use in determining the thermal performance, and to aid in the assess- ment of the safety and durability/reliability of flat plate solar

collectors. These test methods and rating criteria have been

selected after the review of over 400 accepted industry stan- dards and are consistent with the intent of the U.S. Department

of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Minimum Property

Standards (MPS) and the Interim Performance Criteria (IPC)

prepared by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for ERDA and HUD respectively. These test methods and rating

criteria do not, however, represent a consensus of industry and

are therefore provisional in nature. It is intended that revisions

will be made as more experience is gained and inputs received

from appropriate industry representatives, testing laboratories,

designers, etc.

NBSIR 77-1307. A review of computer software applicable to the MIUS Program, W. L. Carroll and J. R. Schaefgen, Jr., 102 pages (Oct. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB273175.

Key words: computer programs; cooling; energy analysis; financial analysis; heating; load calculation; MIUS; modular

integrated utility system; simulation; utility services.

Thirteen computer programs are examitied for potential application to the Modular Integrated Utility System (MIUS) pro- gram. The software programs considered calculate all or partial

combinations of: heating and cooling loads, simulation of physical systems to determine the energy requirements necessary to

satisfy those loads, prediction of optimal operation schedules

and associated costs, and accomplishment of full life-cycle

economic analyses. A set of criteria for evaluation of this soft- ware is presented. Information regarding the programs, obtained from user manuals and a series of seminar presentations,

is collected and systematically summarized in a standardized

format using information available as of June 1974. An evaluation summary of each program as of that date is given. Program

comparison activities are discussed and evaluated. Conclusions

regarding applicability, validity, and utility of programs are reached. Recommendations are made concerning future soft- ware development and utilization.
NBSIR 77-1309. Three proposed typical house designs for ener- gy conservation research, S. R. Hastings, 38 pages (Oct.

1977). Order from NTIS as PB274334

Key words: building envelope; energy conservation base;

insulation; residential design practices; typical construction

characteristics; typical new house materials; windows.

This report provides three house designs typifying the majority of new house construction in the U.S. Included are: scaled drawings detailing the construction of the houses, a breakdown

of envelope components by surface area, a schedule of materials with supporting survey statistics from the National Association of Home Builders, a table of heat transfer properties of the

specified materials, and recommendations for how these typical

house designs can provide a basis for further work in the areas of fire research, durability, security, and environmental

behavior in addition to energy conservation.

The background work for this report was completed in sup- port of two other reports: "Geographic Variation in the Heating and Cooling Requirements of a Typical Single-Family

House," and "Determination of Optimal Energy Conservation

Designs in Single-Family Housing: Preliminary Results." This

report is a wrap-up of the support to these two reports and provides a thorough documentation of the three designs to provide

a basis for future work.

NBSIR 77-1313. An assessment of the technical literature on emergency egress from buildings, F. I. Stahl and J. Archea,

66 pages (Oct. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB273944.

Key words: architectural psychology; architectural research; building codes; building design; building fires; building regulatory standards; emergency egress; exit capacity; fire safety; human performance; occupational

safety; regulatory data. An assessment was made of the literature on research related

to current emergency egress regulations promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The

purposes of this assessment were to ascertain the extent to which these regulations were based upon empirical research,

and to determine the adequacy of available research findings

from which OSHA emergency egress regulations may be

developed. Three areas of research on emergency egress were

identified: research on ( 1 ) the carrying capacity of exitways,

(2) signage, lighting, and visibility through smoke, and (3) oc- cupant responses to, and experiences in building fires. Only

research on the carrying capacity of exitways appears to have

had direct impact on current OSHA regulations, which are based largely on empirical findings reported in 1935. Much of

the available data on egress signage, lighting, visibility through

smoke, and occupants' responses in real fire situations have ap- peared since the adoption of standards by OSHA. Consequently, these areas have had minimal impact on OSHA

egress regulations. This study provides specific recommendations concerning the technical adequacy and range of applicability of the available empirical literature on emergency egress from buildings. In addition, it provides specific recommendations concerning directions and methodological requirements

for future research.

NBSIR 77-1316. Performance criteria resource document for in- novative construction, T. K. Faison, 165 pages (Nov. 1977).

Order from NTIS as PB274404.

Key words: acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability;

electrical; environment; housing technology; HVAC; in- novative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum

property standards; performance criteria; performance

evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test methods.

Performance criteria for innovative construction are presented in this resource report in order to assist in the broad

technical acceptance of new building products and materials. The levels of performance stated are intended to be equivalent

to the Minimum Property Standards (MPS) which reflects ac- ceptable performance of conventional building materials and

designs for programs sponsored by the Department of Housing

and Urban Development. The report is structured so that new

performance criteria can be added in the future as additional

technical data and evaluation methods become available.

NBSIR 77-1390. A preliminary examination of building regulations adopted by the states and major cities, P. W. Cooke and

R. M. Eisenhard, 124 pages (Nov. 1977). Order from NTIS

as PB274335.

Key words: building construction; building regulations; cities; code uniformity; enforcement; legislation; rules and

regulations; statewide codes; summary tables.

Preliminary information describing regulatory codes and stan- dards bearing on building construction and occupancy which

have been adopted by the various States and certain major cities in the U.S. are presented in a series of summary tables. The

tables and accompanying notes provide information on salient elements of the enabling legislation, the type of codes and stan- dards promulgated, and the respective agencies charged with

the administration and enforcement of each regulatory pro- gram. Other features of the various regulatory programs (e.g., occupancy classifications covered, preemptive status of codes,

etc.) are also enumerated. The regulatory programs and the

respective code disciplines which are summarized include:

building; mechanical; plumbing; electrical; fire and life safety; elevators; gas fittings; and boiler and pressure vessels.

39
GOVERNMENT CONTRACT REPORTS

Grantee/contractor reports are prepared by non-NBS persons

or organizations working under a grant or contract from the National Bureau of Standards. The contract reports hsted

below may be ordered, using the indicated order number,

directly from the National Technical Information Service

(NTIS), Springfield, VA 22161, in paper or microfiche form.

NBS-GCR-77-87. Government-supported residential rehabilitation, M. C. McFarland, 55 pages (May 1977). Order from

NTIS as PB268132.

Key words: building codes; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; residential; urban renewal.

The NBS is developing new research to determine how best

to remodel and rehabilitate existing buildings as a way of conserving the Nation's resources. As background information, this report discusses the three major programs in residential rehabilitation which HUD has conducted in the past. The programs,

whose needs, history, examples, and outcomes are discussed,

are (1) urban renewal rehabilitation, (2) concentrated code en- forcement, and (3) project rehabilitation. The author. Carter McFarland was an economist at HUD when these programs

were conceived and carried out, and was involved with them

either directly or indirectly.

NBS-GCR-77-88. Self-help housing construction: Effects of

regulatory codes and standards,D. B.Ward, 121 pages (May 1977).

Order from NTIS as PB268131.

Key words: building codes; building regulation; do-it-yourself; home construction; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; renewal; renovation; self-help; standards. The NBS is pursuing new research into how best to construct

buildings, including housing. This report discusses one type of

housing construction —self-help, wherein the proposed occupant and owner builds his own dwelling either on his own, or

collaboratively with a group of prospective homeowners. The

self-help idea can also be applied to remodeling, rehabilitation,

dwelling additions, or just minor repairs and improvements, for which it is also referred to as "do-it-yourself" labor. This report

describes self-help, suggests how self-help projects can be supported, explores the feasibility of using component systems in self-help projects, and provides references and bibliographic

materials.

NBS-GCR-77-91 . Guidebook on anthropomorphic test dummy

usage, D. H. Robbins, 84 pages (Mar. 1977). Order from

NTIS as PB268904.

Key words: anthropomorphic dummies; building safety;

dummies; guidebook; testing.

This report addresses the role which may be played by impact test dummies in developing countermeasures to cope with

the high incidence of safety problems related to building structures. Possible roles are discussed in safety problem identification, countermeasure development, and in the preparation of

standardized test procedures. The parameters of a test using a dummy are grouped according to: 1 . representation of a human

victim; 2. representation of the environment in which an injury

may occur; 3. the interaction between the victim (dummy) and

his environment; and 4. the injuries (transducer or other measurements in the case of the dummy) which occur. Dummies

are classified according to sophistication ranging from

anthropometric form to impact body blocks and finally to so- phisticated anthropomorphic test devices used in automotive

safety. Test procedures and data processing are discussed. A

bibliography, coded by subject, is also included.

NBS-GCR-77-92. Simulating human behavior in high-rise build- ing fires: Modeling occupant movement through a fire-floor from initial alert to safe egress, F. I. Stahl, 55 pages (Aug.

1977). Order from NTIS as PB273166.

Key words: building fires; fire behavior; high-rise buildings;

occupant behavior in fires; simulated behavior.

The objective of the current study is to present an alternative means through which to model the building fire system, predict

human responses in building fires, and test safety policies and

building design alternatives. Focusing on the case of the highrise office building, the investigation develops a methodology,

and explores its implications for building design, planning and

policy evaluation, and theory.

40
TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN NON-NBS MEDIA, 1977

Reprints from the journals listed in this section may often be

obtained from the authors. Each entry has been assigned a fivedigit number for NBS identification and listing purposes.

16686. Dikkers, R. D., Development and implementation of standards for solar heating and cooling applications, Proc.

Joint Solar Energy Conf. on Sharing the Sun 76 Solar Technology in the Seventies, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,

Aug. 15-20, 1976, 1, 83-90 (Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY,

1976).

Key words: buildings; cooling; heating; laboratory accreditation; performance criteria; solar energy; standards.

Solar energy program activities being conducted by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) are primarily centered

around projects related to the development and implementation

of standards and performance criteria for solar heating and

cooling applications. In support of the Energy Research and

Development Administration (ERDA) and the Department of

Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) solar energy

research and demonstration programs, NBS has prepared in- terim performance criteria for residential solar energy systems,

and test procedures for determining the thermal performance

of solar collectors and thermal storage devices. Currently, NBS

is developing; ( 1 ) interim performance criteria for commercial

solar energy systems; (2) intermediate standards for solar heating and domestic hot water systems that can be used in conjunction with HUD's Minimum Property Standards; (3) draft standards for materials (i.e., sealants, cover plates, insulation)

to be used in solar systems; (4) plans for establishing a solar collector testing laboratory accreditation program; and (5)

plans for identifying and developing other needed standards in cooperation with various standards-writing organizations such

as ASTM and ASHRAE.

16705. Fenves, S. J., Wright, R. N., The representation and use

of design specifications, (Proc. Symp. on Structural and

Geotechnical Mechanics, Urbana, IL, Oct. 2-3, 1975), Paper

in Structural and Geotechnical Mechanics, W. J. Hall, Ed,, pp. 278-304 (Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1977).

Key words; building codes; computer programming; deci- sion tables; graph theory; performance specifications; stan- dards.

Design specifications are presented as the primary communication and control tool for the design and construction industry. Requisite properties of completeness, uniqueness, and correctness are identified, and the role of performance and limit

state concepts in specifying intent of the specifications are emphasized. Formal representational methods are presented at three levels: decision tables for specification provisions, an in- formation network for related provisions, and argument trees

for organizing and outlining. An idealized process for specification development is presented, and the use of the representation tools for checking specifications and providing strategies

for textual expression is described and illustrated. Development

of computer aids for specification processing in design and con- formance checking is described.

16708. Culver, C. G., Live-load survey results for office buildings, J. Struct. Div. Proc. Am. Sac. Civil Eng. 102, No. ST12, 2269-2284 (Dec. 1976).

Key words: buildings; live loads; load surveys; structural engineering.

Live load data obtained from a survey of twenty-three office buildings located in various regions throughout the United

States are presented. The buildings ranged in height from two

stories to forty-nine stories. Data for government and private

office buildings are included. Statistical summaries of the data

are presented and the effects of various factors such as building

height, building age, geographic location, room use and room

size are discussed. A mathematical model expressing the rela- tionship between the live load in offices and the significant fac- tors affecting the load magnitude is also presented. The data

presented may be used to evaluate current requirements for design loads for buildings and also for research studies of load

effects in buildings.

16712. Brown, P. W., Clifton, J. R., Nondestructive techniques

for evaluating metallic artifacts of historical interest, Bull. Assoc. Preserv. Technol. VIll, No. 4, 2-21 (1976).

Key words: compositional analysis; instrumental methods;

metallic artifacts; microstructural analysis; nondestructive

evaluation techniques.

This paper describes a variety of nondestructive evaluation

(NDE) techniques which can be used to characterize the compositions and methods of fabrication of metallic artifacts, to form a basis for approximating their ages and determining their sources. This paper was prepared with the objective of showing

preservation technologists how NDE methods can be used in the course of their work. This paper was written in response

to a request by Mr. L. H. Nelson, editor of the Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology. Because the paper is addressed to an audience not versed in this area, it has been

reviewed by Mr. Nelson who approves of the format and the

level of technical content.

16714. Stroik, J. S., Physical security of door assemblies and

components, NILECJ-STD-0306.00, 33 pages (U S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration,

National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice,

Washington, DC, May 1976).

Key words: burglary resistance; door assemblies; door components; doors; frames; hardware; hinges; locks; security standards.

Security standards for doors have been developed at the National Bureau of Standards to evaluate burglar-resistance of

door assemblies and components. Criteria were established by

analysis of available data on burglary methods, by duplication

of the attacks, and finally by measurement of the duplicated at- tacks applicable to the standards' scope. The scope includes

development of standards designed to resist only burglary at- tacks defined as "common" or "opportunity" attacks on re- sidences and small businesses. Four classes were established,

from class I which includes attributes for the lowest level of re- sistance, up to class IV with attributes for the highest level of

resistance. Requirements are specified as performance criteria with test methods described in detail. Two classification methods were established, one for door assemblies, the other

for door assembly components. Included in an appendix is a description of the test equipment used at the National Bureau

of Standards.

41
16733. Holton, J. K., Interfacing building design and solar ener- gy research and standards, Froc. 1976 Joint Solar Energy

Conf., on Sharing the Sun: Solar Technology in the Seventies,

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Aug. 15-20, 1976, 9, 74-82

(Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY, 1976).

Key words; communication of research and standards; National Bureau of Standards; solar energy standards; stan- dards users. An extensive program of solar energy research and standards

development has been undertaken by the National Bureau of

Standards in support of the national effort to expedite the in- troduction of solar usage. The communication between

researchers and the building community, who will utilize the products of this research, is of critical importance for effective conduct of this program. This paper examines a number of the programs being conducted at NBS, identifies the intended user

groups, and describes some of the paths of communication that

are being used. It is hoped that a clearer understanding of the research/user linkage will lead to more effective communication between those working in the field.

16768. Brown, P. W., Berger, R. L., Clifton, J. R., Frohnsdorff,

G., Limitations to fly ash use in blended cements, Proc. 4th

Int. Ash Utilization Symp., St. Louis, MO, Mar. 24-25, 1976,

pp. 518-529 (Energy Research & Development Administration, Morgantown, WV, 1976).

Key words; blended cements; fly ash; specifications.

The production and utilization of blended cements containing

fly ash is less than one million tons a year in the U.S. This ac- counts for only about one percent of the cement produced. It has been demonstrated that utilization of fly ash with portland

cement to make blended cement results in energy and raw

materials savings almost directly proportional to the amount of

ash used. In view of the benefits derived from ash utilization

in this way the level of production of blended cement may be

expected to increase. However, additional property data need

to be developed to address uncertainties and misconceptions

regarding the performance of blended cements. Facilitation of

blended cement use requires the development of data to be

used by voluntary consensus standards organizations as a basis

for standard test procedures and specifications.

16770. Kusuda, T., Energy calculations for energy conservation

design of buildings, APEC J., pp. 18-22 (Automated

Procedures for Engineering Consultants, Dayton, OH, Winter

1976-1977).

Key words; computerized energy analysis; energy conservation standards; new building design; retrofit design.

Since energy calculation is an essential element of energy

conservation standards, an accurate and comprehensive yet

"easy-to-use" computer program for such calculation is most

desirable. This paper reviews the existing state of energy-analysis procedures and identifies the areas for needed improvement.

The paper also points out that the computational procedures

suitable for new building design could be simpler than those

required to simulate the energy consumption performance of

existing buildings.

Standardization of input and output is also considered a key

factor for the "easy-to-use" issue for the implementation of

computerized energy calculation for building energy conservation standards.

16843. Vaicaitis, R., Simiu, E., Nonlinear pressure terms and

alongwind response, J. Struct. Div. ASCE Tech. Notes 103,

ST4, 903-906 (Apr. 1977).

Key words; aerodynamics; building (codes); pressure; spectra; structural engineering; tall buildings; turbulence; wind.

Current procedures for estimating alongwind response on

structures are based upon the assumption that the fluctuations about the mean of the wind pressures are proportional to the fluctuations about the mean of the wind speeds. Preliminary

time-domain calculations have been reported in Ref. 5 which

suggest that the errors inherent in this assumption may, in certain cases, be significant. The extent to which this is the case

is investigated herein for building heights and terrain roughness

conditions covering the range of interest in structural design.

16856. Simiu, E., Ellingwood, B., Code calibration of extreme wind return periods, J. Struct. Div. ASCE Tech. Notes 103,

ST3, 725-729 (Mar. 1977).

Key words; codes; probability; statistics; structural design;

wind.

Design wind speeds upon which the Uniform Building Code

provisions are based represent the highest fastest mile wind

speeds observed in a 39-year period at the recording stations. This study shows that the most likely value of the largest of n maximum yearly wind speeds is nearly equal to the wind speed

corresponding to an n-year mean recurrence interval. UBC

provisions can thus be directly compared to probabilistic provisions which are based on the return period concept.

16901. Hurley, C. W., Kreider, K. G., Applications of thermography in industry, Proc. Third Biennial Infrared Information

Exchange, St. Louis, MO, Aug. 24-26, 1976, C. Warren, Ed., pp. 53-59 (AGA Corp., 550 County Ave., Secaucus, NJ,

1977).

Key words; energy conservation; energy surveys; infrared; nondestructive evaluation; thermographic surveys; ther- mography.

The Bureau of Standards has been conducting a project to develop a method for assessing heat losses in industrial equip- ment. This project is part of the NBS industrial energy conservation program. The IR surveys have included industrial facilities such as tire, cement, copper, brick, and paper plants as well as foundries and forging plants. The infrared survey was

used to detect heat losses which require maintenance and

repair or improvement. Several examples are presented. In addition the IR thermographic mapping was used to analyze the

total heat losses of industrial furnaces as part of the energy

balance on the furnace. This quantitative heat loss study is discussed as an inprogress report.

16902. Grot, R. A., Harrje, D. T., Johnston, L. C, Application

of thermography for evaluating effectiveness of retrofit measures, Proc. Third Biennial Infrared Information Exchange, St. Louis, MO, Aug. 24-26, 1976, C. Warren, Ed., pp. 103-117

(AGA Corp., 550 County Ave., Secaucus, NJ, 1977).

Key words; buildings; energy conservation; evaluation; in- spection; retrofit; thermography.

Retrofit measures in single family dwellings are considered an

important part of the overall U.S. energy conservation program.

Thermography was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of different retrofit measures normally available to the resident-owner. In this study, a group of townhouses was

selected which, it was suspected, could benefit by commonly

available retrofit measures. These houses were thermographically inspected before and after various retrofit measures were

42
performed. Thermography was found to be an effective tool for evaluating these retrofit measures which decreased the energy consumption by about 25 percent.

16922. Chi, J., DEPAF—A computer model for design and per- formance analysis of furnaces, Proc. Conf. on AlChE-ASME

Heat Transfer, Salt Lake City, UT, Aug. 15-17, 1977, pp. 1-

9 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York,

NY, 1977).

Key words; building heating system; computer simulation; energy conservation; furnace; operating cost; seasonal per- formance.

This report covers the development of a computer simulation

program DEPAF (DEsign and Performance Analysis of Fur- naces) for residential fossil-fuel-fired furnaces. DEPAF is based

upon an analytical model which accounts for cyclic (on-andoff) operation of furnace burner and blower. Transmission of

heat at on-cycle uses the theory of radiative and convective

heat transfer; transmission of heat at off-cycle uses the theories

of turbulent and free convective heat transfer. Confidence in DEPAF was established by the use of available experimental

data on a gas-fired forced-warm-air furnace. While the theory

of transient heat transfer in combustion is complex in nature,

theoretical results based upon quasi-steady-state analysis are in excellent agreement with experiments. If the building heat loss

is known, DEPAF can be used to calculate the annual per- formance and operating cost for residential heating systems

with furnaces. Examples are given to illustrate applications of

DEPAF to examine quantitatively the effect of design and

operating variables on annual performance and operating costs of residential forced-warm-air furnaces. It was found that considerable savings in fuel and operating costs can often be

achieved by performing certain modifications to existing fur- naces.

16923. Benzinger, T. H., Mangum, B. W., Hill, J. E., The

design, construction and operation of a scanning radiometer

for measurement of plane radiant temperature in buildings,

(Proc. A.SHRAE Semi-annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, June

25-July 1, 1976), ASHRAE Trans. 82, 260-278 (1976).

Key words: comfort; measurement; radiation.

In order to accurately determine the effect of low-temperature radiation on the thermal comfort of building occupants, a new scanning radiometer has been designed and constructed. The instrument has been constructed using commercially

available semiconductor thermopiles which have been arranged

in a chessboard fashion with alternate thermopiles being coated

with either a highly absorptive or highly reflective surface. The

instrument has been designed to measure the effective temperature in a hemisphere facing the sensor over the temperature

range normally encountered in building occupied spaces. It can

be used in a stationary posidon or to "scan" an occupied space

to determine the degree of asymmetry of the radiation.

17006. Parken, W. H., Jr., Beausoliel, R. W., Kelly, G. E., Factors affecting the performance of a residential air-to-air heat pump, (Proc. Symp. on Seasonal Operating Performance of

Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems, ASHRAE

Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, Feb. 13-17, 1977), ASHRAE

Trans. 83, Pt. 1, 839-849 (1977).

Key words: air conditioning; comfort; heat pump; load-cal- culation; rating; residential; space heating; testing.

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine

the performance of a 3-ton ( 1.055 E-I-04W) air-to-air heat

pump. Coefficients of performance of the heat pump were

determined in the laboratory under steady and cyclic conditions

in both heating and cooling modes of operation for a range of

43
simulated outdoor conditions. The results indicate a significant

reduction in performance for both heating and coohng modes

under cyclic operation. Full-load heating performance results were found to be slightly higher than the manufacturer's

published ratings for outdoor temperatures above 42 °F (5.5

°C). The results show a lower heating capacity and coefficient of performance than the manufacturer's published ratings for outdoor temperatures ranging from 42 °F (5.5 °C) to 17 °F (—8.3 °C), tending towards agreement at the lower temperatures. This discrepancy in results for outdoor temperatures

below 42 °F (5.5 °C) is due to the effects of frosting and

defrosting of the outdoor coil.

17010. Brown, P., Clifton, J. R., Energy conservation through

the use of waste materials in cement and concrete, Proc. Seminar on Energy and Resource Conservation in the Cement

and Concrete Industry, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Nov. 8-9,

1976, V. M. Malhotra, E. E. Berry, and T. A. Wheat, Eds.,

Paper 3.2, pp. 3.2.1-3.2.33 (Canada Centre for Mineral and

Energy Technology, Ottawa, Canada, 1977).

Key words: cement manufacture; energy conservation; fly ashes; mineral waste utilization; slags.

The utilization of suitable mineral-waste products can reduce

the energy requirement in cement manufacture. Wastes and

byproducts, when used as the raw materials in cement production, can reduce the energy requirements associated with raw

materials processing and pyro-processing. Intergrinding waste

materials with cement clinker or blending them with finished cement also reduces the energy consumption in the manufacture of cement, in this instance by replacing a portion of the Portland cement clinker. The relative energy savings achieved

through waste utilization by these methods are discussed. Factors affecting the selection of waste materials, such as compositional suitability, availability and cost, are considered along

with the effects of market-related factors and consensus stan- dards.

17015. Yonemura, G. T., Considerations and standards for

visual inspection techniques, (Proc. Symp. on Nondestructive

Testing Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, May 19-21, 1976),

Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech. Publ. 624, Nondestructive

Testing Standards—A Review, H. Berger, Ed., pp. 220-230

(June 1977).

Key words: modulation transfer function; nondestructive

testing; vision; visual acuity; visual capacities.

When we look at the capacity of the human visual system we

see that man can adjust to a wide variety of operating conditions. But, unless we have detailed information of the conditions for which these processes are to be standardized and

quantitative descriptions of the tasks to be performed, the ad- vantages to be obtained by visual science applications cannot

be utilized optimally. The modulation transfer function would

be an image evaluation technique applicable to nondestructive

testing (NDT). Standardized tests to assess day-to-day per- formance as well as initial capacities should be developed.

These tests should be derived from visual capacities correlated with the tasks to be performed.

17036. Glass, R. A., Rubin, A. I., Emergency communications

in high-rise buildings. Chapter 22 in Human Response to Tall Buildings, D. J. Conway, Ed., CDS/34, 293-301 (Dowden,

Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, PA, 1977).

Key words: communications; disaster communication;

emergency communications; fire communications; high-rise

communications; high-rise emergency; information transfer; occupant needs; sensory stimuli.

The safety of occupants of high rise buildings during fire emergencies is often determined by the adequacy of the communications available to them—indicating how to respond.

Visual signals (warning lights and directional signs) and auditory alarms and verbal messages are generally employed to serve

this function. The actual signals now used in buildings have

been developed over the years in a piecemeal fashion with

minimal systematic research input. The adequacy of these

signals have come into question in recent years, especially as a result of the potential for a major disaster associated with

high-rise building fires. The paper traces the problems as- sociated with communications systems presently in use from the standpoint of the occupant.

17040. Milton, H. J., Metrication: Take the tide at its flood. Concrete Constr. 22, No. 8, 429-431, 440-442 (Aug. 1977).

Key words: construction industry metrication; metrication

benefits; rationalization; technical issues in metrication.

This paper presents the impending change to metric (SI)

measurement in the construction community as an

"opportunity" and a once-only chance for review, technical improvement and cost reduction. It deals with the analysis of

precedent in the change to SI; defines some new terms, such

as "hard conversion" to preferred sizes and descriptions;

discusses metrication for benefit; and focuses on the opportunities for rationalization associated with the change.

Four principal opportunities are identified; simplification, ra- tionalization, harmonization and standardization, and each one

is illustrated by a number of examples.

The paper recommends that metrication should be regarded

as a "worthwhile challenge," rather than as a "problem," so

that the approach to change is a vigorous and positive one in- stead of a defensive and negative one. The benefits from opportunities realized should easily pay for the once only cost of the change.

17060. Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G., Effect of insulation on the surface temperature of roof membranes. Roofing Spec,

pp. 28-39 (May 1976).

Key words: built-up roofing; insulation; performance; radiative cooling; roofing; solar heating; surface temperature.

The surface temperatures of black, gray and white roofs were

calculated for various thicknesses of insulation located between

the membrane and roof deck. The calculations were performed

using a steady-state heat balance equation to illustrate the in- crease in roof surface temperatures due to solar radiation. The calculations indicate that the first increment (about 1 inch) of insulation causes a significant rise in the roof surface temperature due to solar radiation. Increasing the amount of in- sulation above this first increment to greater thicknesses does

not appreciably increase the roof surface temperature.

17061. Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G., Effect of insulation on the surface temperature of roof membranes, RoofinglSidinglInsulation, pp. 35-38, 136 (Apr. 1976).

Key words; built-up roofing; insulation; performance; radiative cooling; roofing; solar heating; surface temperature.

The surface temperatures of black, gray and white roofs were

calculated for various thicknesses of insulation located between

the membrane and roof deck. The calculations were performed

using a steady-state heat balance equation to illustrate the in- crease in roof surface temperatures due to solar radiation. The calculations indicate that the first increment (about 1 inch) of insulation causes a significant rise in the roof surface temperature due to solar radiation. Increasing the amount of in- sulation above this first increment to greater thicknesses does

not appreciably increase the roof surface temperature.

44
17062. Burch, D., Ed., Technical guidelines for energy conservation, AFCEC-TR-77-12, 403 pages (Air Force Civil Engineering Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL, June 1977).

Key words: Air Force facilities; building energy conservation; energy management; evaluation and monitoring; sur- vey of buildings.

This report provides detailed technical material on various

energy conservation actions for existing Air Force facilities and

utility systems. It is specifically tailored to serve as a working

document for Base engineers and technical personnel. The re- port covers energy conservation for Air Force facilities, includ- ing the equipment for providing hot water, space heating and

cooling, lighting, and humidification. It also covers central plant

systems and underground distribution systems (hot water,

steam, and chilled water). It does not cover energy conservation measures for tactical or mission-related equipment such as ground vehicles or fighter aircraft.

17107. Marshall, H. E., Ruegg, R. T., Energy conservation

through life-cycle costing, J. Archil. Ed. XXX, No. 3, 42-51

(Feb. 1977).

Key words: building design; cost; energy conservation;

energy standards; fenestration; life-cycle costing;

retrofitting; solar.

Architects, engineers, building operators and owners, and

others who make decisions about the design and use of

buildings need cost information about alternative energy conservation designs for old and new buildings. Specifically, they

need to know the cost over time from introducing energy conserving techniques as compared to the cost savings over time

from reduced energy bills. Life-cycle costing of energy conservation alternatives in buildings can be applied at the working

level to reduce the owning and operating costs of buildings, to reduce energy consumption, and to encourage the optimal

retrofit of old and design of new buildings with respect to rising fuel costs. This article provides practicing architects, architectural students, and others interested in the design process an

overview of state-of-the-art methods for estimating the life- cycle cost (LCC) of alternative energy conservation techniques

and a description of selected applications of LCC methods to energy conservation in buildings.

Retrofitting existing residential buildings for energy conservation is examined in LCC terms. The design of envelope features and subsystems for energy conservation in new buildings is ex- plored in the context of LCC analysis. Finally, energy standards

for buildings are examined in the LCC context to show why

varying climates and fuel prices must be considered in developing economically efficient standards.

17110. Trechsel, H. R., Research in energy conservation, J. Archil. Ed. XXX, No. 3, 31-33 (Feb. 1977).

Key words: building; building environment; energy conservation; engineering; human factor; resource impact factors.

The paper discusses past and current energy conservation

research dealing with engineering, human factor, and building use factors. The paper also indicates critical research needs and

identifies a number of specific issues related to energy conservation, specifically the need to consider the effect of energy

conservation on building environment and on human occupants, the need for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary

research, and the requirement for accounting for the scarcity

of individual energy forms or resource impact factors.

45
17111. Gross, J. G., Pielert, J. H., Building standards and codes

for energy conservation, J. Archil. Ed. XXX, No. 3, 54-56

(Feb. 1977).

Key words: buildings; codes; energy conservation; regulatory community; standards.

Over the last few years, public attention has been increasingly attracted to problems related to the shortage of energy. A major area where the conservation of energy would be possi- ble is in the design and construction of new buildings and the

retrofitting of existing buildings. Building standards and codes,

traditionally written for health and safety, are viewed as a mechanism for accomplishing such conservation. The purpose

of this paper is to review activities relative to this objective at the Federal level and within the various segments of the build- ing regulatory community including State and local governments, model building code groups, standards developing or- ganizations and building regulators.

17115. Marshall, R. D., Full scale testing: Low rise, Froc. Workshop on Wind Load Requirements for Buildings,

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL, June 3-4, 1976, pp. 159-

162 (1976).

Key words: ANSI 58; low-rise buildings; wind study.

This paper gives a brief description of the work being done

by the Center for Building Technology in the area of wind

forces on single family dwellings and the ANSI 58 code.

17284. Burch, D. M., Siu, C. 1., Powell, F. J., Comparison of the thermal performance of three insulating materials commonly used to retrofit exterior frame walls in existing re- sidences, (Proc. Annual Meeting of Com. B.l, IlF-llR on

Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Structures, Washington,

DC, Sept. 14-16, 1976), Bui. Inst. Int. Froid 2, 151-162

(1976).

Key words; condensation in walls; insulating properties;

thermal conductivity; thermal insulation.

This paper describes experimental measurements conducted

at the National Bureau of Standards to compare the thermal

performance of three different insulating materials commonly

used to retrofit the exterior frame walls of existing residential buildings. The insulation materials selected for study were cellulosic fiber, fibrous glass wool, and urea-formaldehyde foam.

The thermal conductivities of the three materials were measured using the guarded-hot-plate apparatus according to Stan- dard Method of Test ASTM C 177-71. Heat-transmission and

moisture measurements were performed on a full-scale test wall

that was exposed to simulated winter conditions in the laboratory. Similar measurements were also conducted on wall sections of a test house insulated with the various materials. Other

performance properties such as shrinkage and settling are also reported,

17286. Powell, F. J., Hahn, M. H., Measurement of the frost point of air in sealed insulating glass, (Proc. Annual Meeting

of Com. B.l, IIF-UR on Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous

Structures, Washington, DC, Sept. 14-16, 1976), Bui. Inst.

Int. Froid 2, 131-138 ( 1976).

Key words: ASTM Test Standard for insulating glass; frost- point measuring apparatus; moisture condensation; seal durability and longevity; sealed insulating glass.

The background, objective and results of the Research Associate Program recently completed at the National Bureau of

Standards (NBS) with the American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM) is summarized. This program was concerned

with the development of test methods and standards for use

with factory-produced double-glazed insulating-glass window

units. A permanently sealed air space between two or more

panes of glass is desired to increase the resistance to the flow

of heat through window glass and at the same time provide a

unit that would not allow moisture condensation to form on the

interior glass surfaces over the lifetime of the unit. In addition

to interfering with vision, repeated moisture condensation in the form of liquid water or frost, with subsequent evaporation

of the moisture, tends to leave a residue on these surfaces that are not accessible for cleaning. A new device for making nondestructive measurements (repeatable to within 0.5 °C (1 °F)

of the dew/frost point of the air-space in these sealed units is described (U.S. Patent 3,896,658) and the ASTM Standards

produced in conjunction with the program are described and

referenced (ASTM designation E546-75, E576-76, E-6 PI, E- 6 P2, and E-6 P3).

17289. Achenbach, P. R., Heldenbrand, J. L., Development of performance-based energy conservation standards for buildings, Froc. Canadian Building Congress on Energy and

Buildings, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 25-27, 1976, pp. 1-31 (1976).

Key words: codes and standards; energy conserving

buildings; energy legislation; energy performance criteria; energy performance standards. The criteria for energy conservation in new buildings,

developed by the National Bureau of Standards at the request

of the National Conference of States on Building Codes and

Standards in February 1974 (NBSIR 74-452), were based on

performance requirements for the components of a building

and its mechanical and electrical systems, because that ap- proach appeared to be the practical limit in the application of

the performance concept at that time. Using the NBS document as a framework, the American Society of Heating,

Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers has subsequently

developed ASHRAE Standard 90-75. However, the design

professions have expressed a preference for specification of

design annual energy budgets for whole buildings, as a more

direct means of achieving freedom for trade-offs and innovations. NBS is now assisting the Department of Housing and

Urban Development and the Energy Research and Development Administration in developing such performance standards

for energy conservation in buildings, as required by Title 111 of

Public Law 94-385. The performance concept being recom- mended by NBS is based on overall energy use and life-cycle cost of a building, supplemented by performance requirements

related to thermal comfort, visual environment, indoor air quality, durability and health and safety considerations.

17290. Heldenbrand, J. L., Development and application of design performance standards for energy conservation in buildings, Ind. Forum. 8, No. 3, 9-20 (Aug. 1977).

Key words: building codes; energy conservation; energy ef- ficiency; energy performance; model codes; standards.

One-third of the energy consumed in the United States is used to heat and cool buildings and to provide illumination, water heating, and other building services. About 40 percent of

this energy can be saved through the effective application of

existing technology, without reducing building performance.

The first comprehensive and nationally applicable design stan- dard for energy conservation in buildings, ASHRAE Standard

90-75, has recently been developed and applied, and it offers the opportunity for substantial energy savings. How this design

standard was developed and applied provides an example of

productive cooperation among many organizations. This example is of interest since such cooperation is essential if societal needs are to be met through the effective use of science and

46
technology, and if remaining issues are to be resolved. Those

involved included Federal and State governments and their

agencies concerned with energy and building construction,

societies of the major design professions, industrial and energy

trade associations, and building researchers.

17293. Yonemura, G. T., Task lighting—Another view, Lighting

Design, Appl.. pp. 27-30 (Nov. 1977).

Key words: energy conservation; illumination; illumination

levels; lighting; task lighting.

The current North American lighting level recommendations

are based on data derived from experiments in which the observers were required to detect the presence of a luminous disc. Experiments were conducted at real world levels, that is, the

targets are seen 100 percent of the time but with differing

levels of "goodness of seeing." I see better under condition A

rather than B. Under these suprathreshold conditions the behavior of the eye is different from that obtained under

threshold conditions. Experiments were conducted with gratings

and alphabets as test objects. The threshold function is monotonic, that is, contrast required for detection decreases

monotonically as luminance is increased, whereas the suprathreshold experiments result in a function with a minimum

or optimum luminance level. The implementation of these

findings as a reference base for recommending levels of illu- mination are discussed.

17296. Marshall, H. E., Ruegg, R. T., Wyly, R. S., Cost savings

from reduced-sized venting. Plumbing Eng. Pari 1, 5, No. 4, "35-38, 42 (July-Aug. 1977); Part 2, 5, No. 5, 45-46, 64,

(Sept.-Oct. 1977).

Key words: cost savings; drainage-waste-vent; economics;

life cycle; performance standards; pipe; plumbing; reducedsize vents; sanitary drainage system; venting.

Venting is required for all sanitary drain-waste-vent systems

in buildings to maintain the traps of plumbing fixtures and

thereby help prevent the entry of sewer gases into the building. Past research at NBS has shown that reduced-sized-venting

(RSV), an innovative type of venting which utilizes dry vent

pipes substantially smaller in size than those permitted bV exist- ing plumbing codes, meets the performance requirements imposed on conventional vent systems by the prescriptive requirements of codes for one and two-story houses. Builders, contractors, plumbers, and consumers of housing want to know the

potential money savings from using RSV. Based on use of

plastic pipe and depending on other assumptions made, esti- mates of potential savings per single-family household over the next II years are from $74 to $129, and for the nation as a whole, from $88 million to $244 million. Realization of these

potential savings depends on how fast code authorities accept

RSV in the plumbing codes and how fast builders and

developers implement RSV technology once it is authorized in the codes.

17298. Hastings, S. R., Performance evaluation of window

strategies, Proc. RILEM/ASTM/CIB Symp. on Evaluation of

the Performance of External Vertical Surfaces of Buildings,

Otaniemi, Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977, II, 113-122

(Technical Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland,

1977).

Key words: daylighting; infiltration; insulation; passivesolar-heating; sun-shading; ventilation; windows.

Windows can be an important determinant of the energy

comsumption of buildings. Properly designed windows can partially or wholly fulfill environmental requirements otherwise

necessitating extensive purchased energy consumption by costly

mechanical and illumination systems. The energy value of a

window, considering the energy cost of replicating its contributions artificially, may even exceed the energy costs attributed

to its limitations. To insure its value as a net asset, numerous

design strategies are available to improve the conditions in which it performs. Adverse climatic forces can be mitigated

through site design or use of exterior appendages. Interior accessories can compensate for the limitations of glass. Finally,

building interior design can increase the utility of a window's

contribution.

17299. Ruegg, R. T., Life-cycle cost evaluation of the personal

patrol car program, J. Police Sci. Admin. S, No. 3, 290-298

(Sept. 1977).

Key words; breakeven analysis; life-cycle costing; patrol

cars; personal car plan; police fleet administration; take- home car program.

This paper provides assistance to the police fleet administrator in selecting an economically efficient vehicle program. It presents a general method for evaluating and comparing the

costs and benefits of a personal patrol car program (PCP) and

a multi-shift, pool car program (MSP). It identifies and illus- trates with realistic data the cash flows associated with each of

the two vehicle programs, and compares the life-cycle costs of

a PCP with a MSP under alternative assumptions.

17302. Weber, S. F., Resource impact factors and the optimal energy conservation standard for buildings. Energy Bldgs. 1, No. 2, 1-13 (Oct. 1977).

Key words; building economics; economic efficiency;

economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards.

The effects of using "Resource Impact Factors" (RIFs) in the determination of an optimal energy conservation performance

standard for buildings are assessed. RIFs may be generally

defined as indices constructed to reflect the full social costs of

using various energy types. The major elements which RIF's should take into account are discussed as well as the ap- propriate method of formulating them. A cost minimization

model for determining the optimal standard is used in conjunction with a range of RIF values so that a comparison can be

made between a standard that is optimal from the private point

of view (without RIFs) and one that is optimal from the social point of view (with RIFs). The comparison is made in terms of

the amount of energy saved by each standard in climates of dif- fering severity.

17303. Ellingwood, B., Shaver, J., Reliability of RC beams subjected to fire, J. Structural Div., ASCE 103, ST5, 1047-1059

(May 1977).

Key words: fire endurance; fire tests; probability theory;

reinforced concrete; reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering.

Methods for analytically predicting the behavior of rein- forced concrete beams subjected to fire are presented. These

incorporate the temperature-dependent strength degradation in the steel as well as thermal and creep strains. The parameters

most important for predicting beam behavior are identified through a sensitivity study, and the application of reliability

analysis in developing fire-resistant design procedures is discussed.

47
17304. Ellingwood, B., Statistical analysis of RC beam-column

interaction, J. Structural Div., ASCE 103, ST7, 1377-1388

(July 1977).

Key words: probability; reinforced concrete; reliability;

statistical analysis; structural engineering; uncertainty.

Analysis of uncertainties plays a central role in all reliabilitybased design procedures. Herein, the uncertainty in the re- sistance of reinforced concrete numbers subjected to combined

bending and thrust is studied using Monte-Carlo techniques.

The effects of load eccentricity, reinforcement ratio, and the contributions of individual uncertainties in the design parameters are examined. The results should aid in determining re- sistance factors for reinforced concrete design which are commensurate with the level of uncertainty using reliability-based

concepts.

17305. Ellingwood, B., Culver, C, Analysis of live loads in office buildings, J. Structural Div., ASCE 103, ST8, 1551-1560

(Aug. 1977).

Key words: buildings (codes); live loads; load surveys;

probability theory; structural engineering.

An analysis of live loads in offices is presented, which applies

probabilistic live load models to the results of a recent survey

of U.S. office buildings conducted by the National Bureau of

Standards. The results are compared to a study of live loads in offices in the United Kingdom and to the design loads currently

specified by ANSI A58. 1-1972. On the basis of this study, a new expression for computing allowable reductions in live loads

at large loaded areas is proposed.

17306. Ellingwood, B., Harris, J. R., Reliability-based per- formance criteria for structures, Proc. Second Annual Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conf., Raleigh, NC,

May 23-25, 1977, pp. 124-127 (American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, 1977).

Key words: load factors; performance approach; per- formance criteria; reliability analysis; reliability-based

design; resistance factors; structural engineering.

The performance concept systematizes the development of

design criteria by first identifying specific performance at- tributes and then posing a series of criteria that would indicate an acceptable level of performance. In this study, performance

criteria to assure adequate structural safety are presented. Reliability analysis techniques are used to develop load and re- sistance factors which assure that required levels of safety are

attained. The load side of the design equation is developed so

as to be applicable for a wide range of materials. This approach

affords the designer an increased degree of flexibility, as similar

levels of performance should be achieved regardless of which

material is selected.

48

I
17335. Burch, D. M., Kusuda, T., An infrared technique for measuring heat loss, Proc. RILEM/ASTM/CIB Symp. on

Evaluation of Performance of External Vertical Surfaces of

Buildings, Helsinki, Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977, pp. 62-72

(Technical Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland,

1977).

Key words: heat-flow reference pad; heat loss; infrared

television system.

This paper describes a newly developed technique for esti- mating heat-loss rate utilizing an infrared television system. A

device called a heat-flow reference pad was developed that makes it possible to estimate quantitatively the heat-loss rate at the surface of a building without the need for a conventional

heat-flow meter to be mounted on the surface. The infrared measurement technique predicted heat-loss rates in the laboratory and field within approximately 12 percent.

17340. Kusuda, T., Ellis, W., Vapor condensation in air-pervi- ous insulation, (Proc. Annual Meeting of Com. B.l, IIF-IIR on Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Structures, Washington, DC, Sept. 14-16, 1976), Bui. Inst. Int. Froid 2, 139-150

(1976).

Key words: air, moisture and heat transfer theory; cold

storage insulation; fibrous-glass insulation; vapor condensation.

Theoretical and experimental studies were conducted on

moisture accumulation problems in air-pervious insulation subjected to a steep temperature gradient. The principal test wall studied was a wooden partition for a cold storage installation consisting of warm-side vapor barrier, six inches of fibrous glass

insulation, and a one-inch fibrous-glass interior finish board.

Experimental data indicated that moisture accumulation

became serious only when the vapor barrier was punctured

both at the top and bottom of the test wall, thus causing a convective air in-flow at the top and out-flow at the bottom. The

data further showed that with this type of leakage, most of the moisture accumulation occurred only at the top region of the

wall. A small-scale apparatus was used to test the moisture accu- mulation and drying-out performance of tube-type specimens

that represent a portion of an insulated exterior wall subjected

to simultaneous flow of air, moisture, and heat. These test results show that a slight air pressure differential across the in- sulation has much stronger influence on the vapor condensation

problem than the much higher water vapor pressure dif- ferential.

17341. Kusuda, T., SATG: A useful concept for window heat gain analysis, Proc. RlLEM/ASTM/ClB Symp. on Evaluation

of Performance of External Vertical Surfaces of Buildings, Helsinki, Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977, pp. 157-167 (Technical

Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland 1977).

Key words: climatic data; cloud cover modifier; energy

conservation; shading coefficient; solar heat gain; window

design.

In an effort to evaluate the combined effect of solar heat

gain and conduction heat transfer window through glass, a new

concept called SATG (Sol-Air Temperature for Glass) is in- troduced. SATG is a combined index for outdoor temperature

and the solar heat gain divided by the overall heat transfer

coefficient. It represents a maximum possible temperature that space behind the window can attain, had there been no heat

loss. Hourly SATG values for the single- and double-glaze windows of various orientations were determined by using ten

years weather record of Washington, D.C. and were

represented in the form of a frequency histogram. Also

developed from these data are hourly solar-air degree hours as an index to evaluate the net heat transfer through windows.

17347. Hill, J. E., Kelly, G. E., Peavy, B A., A method of test- ing for rating thermal storage devices based on thermal per- formance. Solar Energy 19, 721-732 (1977).

Key words: standard test; thermal storage.

This paper describes a proposed test method for determining

the "effective capacity" and heat loss characteristics of thermal

storage devices. The prescribed series of tests should provide

useful data for the rating of thermal storage devices based on

thermal performance. The apparatuses and major components

used in the tests have been prescribed so a liquid or air can

be used as the transfer fluid. The series of tests to be con- ducted consist of one steady-state test to determine the heat

loss characteristics and eight transient tests to determine the

"effective capacity" for both heat storage and heat removal.

During the transient tests, the entering fluid temperature is changed in a step-wise manner and amount of energy either stored or removed over a specified test time is determined.

Sample experimental data are given in the paper to demonstrate the concept of the transient tests.

49

Author

Index

ACHENBACH, P. R., Heldenbrand, J. L., 17289.

Adler, S., NBSIR 77-1246.

Amrhein, J. E., BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Anvar, a., Isenberg, J., Hegemier, G. A., BSSI06, pp. 154-

165 (Sept. 1977).

Archea, J., Stahl, F. I., NBSIR 77-1313.

Balsara, J. P., Norman, C. D., Crowson, R. D., SP477, pp. Vl-85—Vl-117 (May 1977).

Barnett, J. P., Liu, S. T., NBSIR 76-1177.

Bean, J., Kelly, G. E., BSS93.

Bean, J. W., Kusuda, T., NBSIR 76-1088.

Beausoliel, R. W., Kelly, G. E., Parken, W. H., Jr., 17006.

Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W. J., BSS103.

Benzinger, T. H., Mangum, B. W., Hill, J. E., 16923.

Berger, R. L., Clifton, J. R., Frohnsdorff, G., Brown, P. W., 16768.

Bieganousky, M. a., Marcuson, M. P., Cooper, S. S., SP477,

pp. VI-141—VI-157 (May 1977).

Blackburn, J. B., Jr., Rowe, P. G., Gevirtz, J. L., SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Blum, D. G., Burch, D. M., Kusuda, T., TN933.

Bohannan, B., SP477, pp. 1-66—1-69 (May 1977).

Bosch, H. R., Gade, R. H., Podolny, W., Jr., SP470, pp. 11- 47—11-67 (Apr. 1977).

Brown, P., Clifton, J. R., 17010.

Brown, P. W., Berger, R. L., Clifton, J. R., Frohnsdorff,

G., 16768.

Brown, P. W., Clifton, J. R., 16712.

Brown, P. W., Frohnsdorff, G., Clifton, J. R., NBSIR 77- 1244.

Brungraber, R. J., TN953.

Brungraber, R. J., Rarer, T. J. R., NBSIR 76-1005.

Bryant, D. A., Dains, R. B., SP473, pp. 349-368 (June 1977).

Burch, D., 17062.

Burch, D. M., Hunt, C. M., NBSIR 77-1274.

Burch, D. M., Kusuda, T., 17335.

Burch, D. M., Kusuda, T., Blum, D. G., TN933.

Burch, D. M., Pierce, E. T., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R.

G., TN946.

Burch, D. M., Siu, C. I., Powell, F. J., 17284.

Burke, W. J., Moran, R. P., SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Campbell, P. G., Post, M. A., Godette, M., Roberts, W. E., NBSIR 77-1263.

Carroll, W. L., Schaefgen, J. R., Jr., NBSIR 77-1307.

Cattaneo, L. E., Crist, R. A., BSS106.

Cattaneo, L. E., Fattal, S. G., BSS62.

Chang, F. K., Krinitzsky, E. L., SP477, pp. VI-179—VI-191

(May 1977).

Charriere, C. L., SP473, pp. 383-389 (June 1977).

Chen, M. C, Williams, D., Kawashima, K.. Penzien, J., Godden, W. G., SP477, pp. VM—VI-9 (MayJ977).

Chen, S. W., Mayes, R. L., Clough, R. W., Omote, Y., BSS106, pp. 91-113 (Sept. 1977).

Chi, J., 16922.

Clark, E. J., Embree, E. J., Masters, L. W., NBSIR 76-1184.

Clark, R. E., Roat, C. L., SP458.

Clifton, J R., TN934.

Clifton, J. R., Brown, P., 17010.

Clifton, J. R., Brown, P. W., 16712.

Clifton, J. R., Brown, P. W., Frohnsdorff, G., NBSIR 77- 1244.

Clifton, J. R., Frohnsdorff, G., Brown, P. W., Berger, R.

L., 16768.

Clough, R. W., Omote, Y., Chen, S. W., Mayes, R. L., BSS106, pp. 91-113 (Sept. 1977).

Clough, R. W., Omote, Y., Mayes, R. L., BSSI06, pp. 60-90

(Sept. 1977).

Coble, J. B., Kuklewicz, M. E., Hebrank, J. H., NBSIR 77- 1207.

COHN, S., SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Cooke, P. W., SP473.

Cooke, P. W., Eisenhard, R. M., NBSIR 77-1259.

Cooke, P. W., Eisenhard, R. M., NBSIR 77-1390.

Cooper, J. D., SP477, pp. VIII-1—VIII-27 (May 1977).

Cooper, S. S., Bieganousky, M. A., Marcuson, M. F., SP477,

pp. VI-141—VI-157 (May 1977).

CosTELLO, J. F., SP477, pp. VII-36—VII-41 (May 1977).

Cranston, W. B., BSS106, pp. 166-176 (Sept. 1977).

Crenshaw, R. W., Hastings, S. R., BSS104.

Crist, R. A., BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Crist, R. A., Cattaneo, L. E., BSS106.

Crist, R. A., Marshall, R. D., SP477, pp. 1-21—1-33 (May

1977).

Crowson, R. D., Balsara, J. P., Norman, C. D., SP477, pp. VI-85—VI-117 (May 1977).

Culver, C, Ellingwood, B., 17305.

Culver, C, Fattal, G., Simiu, E., SP490.

Culver, C. G., NBSIR 76-1193.

Culver, C. G., SP477, pp. VI-61—Vl-68 (May 1977).

Culver, C. G., 16708.

Dains, R. B., Bryant, D. A., SP473, pp. 349-368 (June 1977).

Debelius, J. R., SP457-1

.

Dikkers, R. D., SP473, pp. 103-1 12 (June 1977).

DiKKERS, R. D., 16686.

Dressler, W. E., Peavy, B. A., NBSIR 77-1237.

Eisenhard, R. M., NBSIR 77-1297.

Eisenhard, R. M., Cooke, P. W., NBSIR 77-1259.

Eisenhard, R. M., Cooke, P. W., NBSIR 77-1390.

Elder, J., NBSIR 76-1103.

Ellingwood, B., 17304.

Ellingwood, B., Culver, C, 17305.

Ellingwood, B., Harris, J. R., 17306.

Ellingwood, B., Shaver, J., 17303.

Ellingwood, B., Simiu, E., 16856.

Ellingwood, B. R., Leyendecker, E. V., BSS98.

Ellis, W., Kusuda, T., 17340.

Embree, E. J., Masters, L. W., Clark, E. J., NBSIR 76-1184.

Faison, T. K., NBSIR 77-1316.

Fattal, G., Simiu, E., Culver, C, SP490.

Fattal, S. G., BSS106, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Fattal, S. G., Cattaneo, L. E., BSS62.

Fattal, S. G., Leyendecker, E. V., BSS94.

Fattal, S. G., Sherwood, G. E., Wilkinson, T. L., BSSIOO3. Fenves, S. J., Wright, R. N., TN940.

Fenves, S. J., Wright, R. N.. 16705.

Ferguson, R. S., Gordon, C. C, SP473, pp. 259-278 (June

1977).

FiNKEL, M., SP477, pp. VI-199—Vl-219 (May 1977).

Fintel, M., SP470, pp. VI-33—Vl-46 (Apr. 1977).

FiNTEL, M., Schultz, D. M., SP477, pp. VI-220—VI-25 1 (May

1977).

Friday, W. M., SP473, pp. 225-240 (June 1977).

Frohnsdorff, G., Brown, P. W., Berger, R. L., Clifton, J. R., 16768.

Frohnsdorff, G., Clifton, J. R., Brown, P. W., NBSIR 77- 1244.

Fuller, G. R., SP470, pp. VI-74—VI-88 (Apr. 1977).

Gabrielsen, B. L., Kaplan, K., BSS106, pp. 283-313 (Sept.

1977).

Gade, R. H., Podolny, W., Jr., Bosch, H. R., SP470, pp. 11- 47—11-67 (Apr. 1977).

Gade, R. H., Scanlan, R. H., SP477, pp. I-l—I-ll (May

1977).

Galowin, L. S., Orloski, M. J., Wyly, R. S., SP473, pp. 317-

348 (June 1977).

Gauchat, U. p., Schodek, D. L,, SP473, pp. 17-33 (June

1977).

Gaus, M. p., SP470, pp. 11-1—11-10 (Apr. 1977).

Gensert, R. M., BSS106, pp. 314-326 (Sept. 1977).

Gevirtz, J. L., Blackburn, J. B., Jr., Rowe, P. G., SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Glass, R. A., Rubin, A. I., 17036.

53
GoDDEN, W. G., Chen, M. C, Williams, D., Kawashima, K., Penzien, J., 5P477, pp. VI-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

GoDETTE, M., Roberts, W. E., Campbell, P. G., Post, M. A., NBSIR 77-1263.

Gordon, C. C, Ferguson, R. S., SP473, pp. 259-278 (June

1977).

Gross, J. G., Pielert, J. H., 17111.

Grot, R. A., Harrje, D. T., Johnston, L. C, 16902.

Guttman, N. B., Hull, A. R., Potter, T. D., SP477, pp. II- 15—11-29 (May 1977).

Hadate, T., Kuribayashi, E., Tazaku, T., SP477, pp. IV- 1_IV-17 (May 1977).

Hahn, M. H., Powell, F. J., 17286.

Hall, W. G., Shier, D. R., NBSIR 77-1250.

Harrington, R. S., SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Harris, J. R., SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Harris, J. R., Ellingwood, B., 17306.

Harrje, D. T., Johnston, L. C, Grot, R. A., 16902.

Hastings, S. R., NBSIR 77-1309.

Hastings, S. R., 17298.

Hastings, S. R., Crenshaw, R. W., BSS104.

Hattori, S., KiTAGAWA, Y., Santo, T., SP470, pp. Ill- 1—111-17

(Apr. 1977).

Hayashi, S., Noda, S., Uwabe, T., SP477, pp. VI-192—VI-198

(May 1977).

Hayashi, S., Tsuchida, H., Kurata, E., SP477, pp. 111-16—111- 25 (May 1977).

Hayashi, S., Tsuchida, H., Noda, S., SP470, pp. VIII- 42—VIII-55 (Apr. 1977).

Hebrank, J., Hurley, C. W., Ryan, J. D., Obright, W., Rippey, W., NBSIR 77-1243.

Hebrank, J. H., Coble, J. B., Kuklewicz, M. E., NBSIR 77- 1207.

Hegemier, G. a., Anvar, A., Isenberg, J., BSS106, pp. 154-

165 (Sept. 1977).

Hegemier, G. A., Krishnamoorthy, G., Nunn, R. O., BSS106,

pp. 114-153 (Sept. 1977).

Heldenbrand, J. L., 17290.

Heldenbrand, J. L., Achenbach, P. R., 17289.

Hildebrandt, R. C, BSS106, pp. 228-237 (Sept. 1977).

Hill, J. E., Benzinger, T. H., Mangum, B. W., 16923.

Hill, J. E., Kelly, G. E., Peavy, B. A., 17347.

HiROSAWA, M., Nakata, S., Watabe, M., SP470, pp. IX-1—IX5 (Apr. 1977).

HOFMAYER, C. H., Shao, L. C, Stuart, R. J., SP477, pp. VII- 1—VII-28 (May 1977).

HOLTON, J. K., NBSIR 77-1272.

Holton, J. K., 16733.

Hull, A. R., SP470, pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Hull, A. R., Potter, T. D., Guttman, N. B., SP477, pp. II- 15—11-29 (May 1977).

Hunt, C. M., Burch, D. M., NBSIR 77-1274.

Hunt, C. M., Powell, F. J., Liu. S. T., BSS97.

Hurley, C. W., Kreider, K. G., 16901.

Hurley, C. W., Ryan, J. D., Obright, W., Rippey, W.,

Hebrank, J., NBSIR 77-1243.

Ichihara, K., Kuribayashi, E., Tazaki, T., SP477, pp. VI- 69—VI-84 (May 1977).

IiDA, Y., Kawakami, K., Kuribayashi, E., Iwasaki, T., SP470,

pp. VIII-1—VIII-30 (Apr. 1977).

INABA, S., SP470, pp. VII-1—VII-6 (Apr. 1977).

Inaba, S., SP477, pp. VI-37—VI-43 (May 1977).

iNABA, S., Kinoshita, S., SP477, pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May

1977).

Isenberg, J., Hegemier, G. A., Anvar, A., BSS106, pp. 154-

165 (Sept. 1977).

ISHii, K., KusuDA, T., BSS96.

Ishiyama, Y., Ozaki, M., SP477, pp. VI-10—VI-27 (May

1977).

Iwasaki, T., Iida, Y., Kawakami, K., Kuribayashi, E., SP470,

pp. VIII-1—VIII-30 (Apr. 1977).

Iwasaki, T., Tatsuoka, F., SP477, pp. VI- 158—VI- 178 (May

1977).

Iwasaki, T., Wakabayashi, S., Tatsuoka, F., SP477, pp. III- 41—III-56 (May 1977).

Johnston, L. C, Grot, R. A., Harrje, D. T., 16902.

Joyner, W. B., SP477, pp. lV-18—IV-46 (May 1977).

JUDD, D. B., Kelly, K. L., SP440.

Kaplan, K., Gabrielsen, B. L., BSS106, pp. 283-313 (Sept.

1977).

Kapsch, R., Kramer, S., NBSIR 77-1233.

Kapsch, R. J., SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Kawakami, K., Kuribayashi, E., Iwasaki, T., Iida, Y., SP470,

pp. VIII-1—VIII-30 (Apr. 1977).

Kawakami, K., Okubo, T., Komada, K., Okahara, M., SP470,

pp. VII-7—VII-60 (Apr. 1977).

Kawasaki, I., Kuribayashi, E., SP470, pp. VIH-31—VIII-41 (Apr. 1977).

Kawashima, K., Penzien, J., Godden, W. G., Chen, M. C,

Williams, D., SP477, pp. Vl-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

Kelly, G. E., Bean, J., BSS93.

Kelly, G. E., Parken, W. H., Jr., Beausoliel, R. W., 17006.

Kelly, G. E., Peavy, B. A., Hill, J. E., 17347.

Kelly, K. L., Judd, D. B., SP440.

Kinoshita, S., Inaba, S., SP477. pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May

1977).

KiTAGAWA, Y., Santo, T., Hattori, S., SP470, pp. III-l—III-17 (Apr. 1977).

Kleeman, W., Jr., Reeves, R., SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Kliment, S., Raufaste, N. J., Marshall, R. D., NBSIR 77- 1197.

Kliment, S. A., BSSlOO-5.

Kliment, S. A., SP476.

Kliment, S. A., Marshall, R. D., Raufaste, N. J., Jr., BSS100-1. KOGA, Y., Sawada, K., SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr. 1977).

Koizumi, Y., Yamazaki, Y., SP470, pp. VI-1—VI-21 (Apr.

1977).

Komada, K., Okahara, M., Kawakami, K., Okubo, T., SP470,

pp. VII-7—VII-60 (Apr. 1977).

KowALSKi, J. G., BSSIOO^.

Kramer, S., Kapsch, R., NBSIR 77-1233.

Kreider, K. G., Hurley, C. W., 16901.

Kreider, K. G., McNeil, M. B., H121.

Krinitzsky, E. L., Chang, F. K., SP477, pp. VI-179—VI-191

(May 1977).

Krishnamoorthy, G., Nunn, R. O., Hegemier, G. A., BSS106,

pp. 114-153 (Sept. 1977).

Kuklewicz, M. E., Hebrank, J. H., Coble, J. B., NBSIR 77- 1207.

Kuklewicz, M. E., Phillips, C. W., Peavy. B. A.. NBSIR 76- 1178.

Kunihiro, T., Yahagi, K., Okahara, M., SP477, pp. VI1 18—VI-140 (May 1977).

Kurata, E., Hayashi, S., Tsuchida, H., SP477, pp. 111-16—111- 25 (May 1977).

Kuribayashi, E., Iwasaki, T., Iida, Y., Kawakami, K., SP470,

pp. VIII-1—VIII-30 (Apr. 1977).

Kuribayashi, E., Kawasaki, I., SP470, pp. VIII-31—VIII-41 (Apr. 1977). • Kuribayashi, E., Tatsuoka, F., SP470, pp. V-1—V-15 (Apr.

1977).

Kuribayashi, E., Tazaki, T., Ichihara, K., SP477, pp. VI- 69—VI-84 (May 1977).

Kuribayashi, E., Tazaku, T., Hadate, T.. SP477, pp. IV- 1_IV-17 (May 1977).

Kuribayashi, E., Tsuchida, H., SP470, pp. VIII-56—VIII-68 (Apr. 1977).

Kuribayashi, E., Tsuchida, H., Watabe, M., SP470, pp. IV- l_IV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Kusuda, T., 16770.

KusuDA, T., 17341.

54
KusuDA, T., Bean, J. W., NBSIR 76-1088.

KusUDA, T., Blum, D. G., Burch, D. M., TN933.

KusuDA, T., Burch, D. M., 17335.

KusuDA, T., Ellis, W., 17340.

KusuDA, T., ISHii, K., BSS96.

Lederer, C. C, BSS106, pp. 243-248 (Sept. 1977).

Levy, J., NBSIR 77-1210.

Lew, H. S., SP470.

Lew, H. S., SP477.

Leyendecker, E. v., Ellingwood, B. R., BSS98.

Leyendecker, E. v., Fattal, S. G., BSS94.

Liu, S. T., Barnett, J. P., NBSIR 76-1177.

Liu, S. T., Hunt, C. M., Powell, F. J., BSS97.

Maley, R. p., SP470, pp. IV-35—IV-52 (Apr. 1977).

Mangum, B. W., Hill, J. E., Benzinger, T. H., 16923.

Marcuson, M. F., Ccxjper, S. S., Bieganousky, M. A., SP477,

pp. VH41—VI-157 (May 1977).

>4argulis, S. T., SP473, pp. 35-53 (June 1977).

Marshall, H. E., Ruegg, R. T., 17107.

Marshall, H. E., Ruegg, R. T., Wyly, R. S., 17296.

Marshall, R. D., NBSIR 77-1196.

Marshall, R. D., SP477, pp. V-21—V-53 (May 1977).

Marshall, R. D., 17115.

Marshall, R. D., Crist, R. A., SP477, pp. 1-21—1-33 (May

1977).

Marshall, R. D., Kliment, S., Raufaste, N. J., NBSIR 77- 1197.

Marshall, R. D., Raufaste, N. J., Jr., Kliment, S. A., BSSlOO-1.

Marshall, R. D., Simiu, E., BSSlOO-2.

Masters, L. W., Clark, E. J., Embree, E. J., NBSIR 76-1184.

Masterson, C, SP473, pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Mathey, R. G., Burch, D. M., Pierce, E. T., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., TN946.

Mathey, R. G., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., NBSIR 77-1256.

Mathey, R. G., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., 17060.

Mathey, R. G., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., 17061.

Matthiesen, R. B., SP477, pp. 111-1—111-15 (May 1977).

Maurenbrecher, a. H. P., BSS106, pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Mayes, R. L., Clough, R. W., Omote, Y., BSS106, pp. 60-90

(Sept. 1977).

Mayes, R. L., Clough, R. W., Omote, Y., Chen, S. W.,

BSS106, pp. 91-113 (Sept. 1977).

McConnaughey, J. S., Jr., SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

McConnell, R. D., SP470, pp. VI-22—VI-32 (Apr. 1977).

McFarland, M. C, NBS-GCR-77-87.

McNeil, M. B., Kreider, K. G., H121.

Meehan, J. F., BSS106, pp. 259-274 (Sept. 1977).

Meehan, J. F., SP470, pp. VI-64—VI-73 (Apr. 1977).

Meese, W. J., Beausoliel, R. W., BSS103.

Milton, H. J., TN938.

Milton, H. J., 17040.

MoRAN, R. p.. Burke, W. J., SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Morrison, B. M., SP473, pp. 69-83 (June 1977).

Murdoch, J. B., NBSIR 77-1303.

Murota, T., SP477, pp. 1-12—1-20 (May 1977).

Murota, T., SP477, pp. V-54—V-59 (May 1977).

Murota, T., Nakahara, M., SP470, pp. II-l—11-19 (Apr.

1977).

Murota, T., Nakano, K., SP470, pp. 1-42—1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Nadel, E., BSS106, pp. 238-242 (Sept. 1977).

Nakahara, M., Murota, T., SP470, pp. IM—11-19 (Apr.

1977).

Nakano, K., Murota, T., SP470, pp. 1-42—1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Nakata, S., Watabe, M., Hirosawa, M., SP470, pp. IX-1—IX5 (Apr. 1977).

Narita, N., Okubo, T., SP477, pp. 1-34—1-48 (May 1977).

Narita, N., Yokoyama, K., Okubo, T., SP470, pp. 11-20—11- 46 (Apr. 1977).

Narita, N., Yokoyama, K., Okubo, T., SP477, pp. V-1—V-20

(May 1977).

Nash, J. F., Simiu, E., Patel, V. C, SP477, pp. 11-30—11-40 (May 1977).

NODA, S., Hayashi, S., Tsuchida, H., SP470, pp. VIII- 42—VHr-55 (Apr. 1977).

Noda, S., Uwabe, T., Hayashi, S., SP477, pp. Vl-192—Vl-198

(May 1977).

Norman, C. D., Crowson, R. D., Balsara, J. P., SP477, pp. Vl-85—VI-117 (May 1977).

Nunn, R. O., Hegemier, G. A., Krishnamoorthy, G., BSS106,

pp. 1 14-153 (Sept. 1977).

Obright, W., Rippey, W., Hebrank, J., Hurley, C. W., Ryan,

J. D., NBSIR 77-1243.

O'Donnell, K. O., SP470, pp. VI-47—Vl-63 (Apr. 1977).

Ohsaki, Y., Watabe, M., SP477, pp. VII-29—VII-35 (May

1977).

Okahara, M., Kawakami, K., Okubo, T., Komada, K., SP470,

pp. VlI-7—Vll-60 (Apr. 1977).

Okahara, M., Kunihiro, T., Yahagi, K., SP477, pp. VI1 18—VI- 140 (May 1977).

Okubo, T., Komada, K., Okahara, M., Kawakami, K., SP470,

pp. Vll-7—Vll-60 (Apr. 1977).

Okubo, T., Narita, N., SP477, pp. 1-34—1-48 (May 1977).

Okubo, T., Narita, N., Yokoyama, K., SP470, pp. 11-20—II- 46 (Apr. 1977).

Okubo, T., Narita, N., Yokoyama. K., SP477, pp. V-1—V-20

(May 1977).

' Olmert, M., SP446-1.

Omote, Y., Chen, S. W., Mayes, R. L., Clough, R. W.,

BSS106, pp. 91-1 13 (Sept. 1977).

Omote, Y., Mayes, R. L., Clough, R. W., BSS106, pp. 60-90

(Sept. 1977).

Orloski, M. J., Wyly, R. S., Galowin, L. S., SP473, pp. 317-

348 (June 1977).

OsTER, S., Ouigley, J. M., SP473, pp. 1 13-135 (June 1977).

OZAKI, M., ISHIYAMA, Y., SP477, pp. VI-10—VI-27 (May

1977).

Parken, W. H., Jr., Beausoliel, R. W., Kelly, G. E., / 7006.

Patel, V. C, Nash, J. F., Simiu, E., SP477, pp. II-30—11-40 (May 1977).

Peavy, B. a., Dressler, W. E., NBSIR 77-1237.

Peavy, B. a.. Hill, J. E., Kelly, G. E., 1734 7. Peavy, B. A., Kuklewicz, M. E., Phillips, C. W., NBSIR 76- 1178.

Peavy, B. A., Teitsma, G. J., NBSIR 76-1182.

Penzien, J., Godden, W. G., Chen, M. C, Williams, D., Kawashima, K., SP477, pp. VI-1—Vl-9 (May 1977).

Phillips, C. W., Peavy, B. A., Kuklewicz. M. E.. NBSIR 76- 1178.

PiELERT, J. H., Gross, J. G., 17111.

Pierce, E. T., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G.. Burch, D.

M., TN946.

Podolny, W., Jr., Bosch, H. R., Gade, R. H., SP470, pp. II- 47—11-67 (Apr. 1977).

Post, M. A., Godette, M., Roberts, W. E., Campbell, P. G.,

NBSIR 77-1263.

Potter, T. D., Guttman, N. B., Hull, A. R., SP477, pp. II- 15—11-29 (May 1977).

Powell, F. J., Burch, D. M., Siu, C. I., 17284.

Powell, F. J., Hahn, M. H., 17286.

Powell, F. J., Liu, S. T., Hunt, C. M., BSS97.

QuiGLEY, J. M., OsTER, S., SP473, pp. 1 13-135 (June 1977).

Raper, T. J. R., SP473, pp. 241-251 (June 1977).

Raper, T. J. R., Brungraber, R. J., NBSIR 76-1005.

Raufaste, N. J., SP470, pp. X-1—X-11 (Apr. 1977).

Raufaste, N. J., Marshall, R. D., Kliment, S., NBSIR 77- 1197.

Raufaste, N. J., Jr., SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Raufaste, N. J., Jr., Kliment, S. A., Marshall, R. D., BSS100-1. Redmond, T. B., BSS106, pp. 17-39 (Sept. 1977).

Reeves, R., Kleeman, W., Jr., SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Reznek, B., Ryan, J. D., SP489.

55
Richards, O., SP473, pp. 279-284 (June 1977).

RIPPEY, W., Hebrank, J., Hurley, C. W., Ryan, J. D., Obright, W., NBSIR 77-1243.

ROAT, C. L., Clark, R. E., SP458.

RoBBiNS, D. H., NBS-GCR-77-91.

Roberts, W. E., Campbell, P. G., Post, M. A., Godette, M.,

NBSIR 77-1263.

ROJAHN, C, SP470, pp. IV-53—IV-66 (Apr. 1977).

ROJAHN, C, SP477, pp. 111-26—111-40 (May 1977).

Rorrer, D. E., Shaver, J. R., Wyly, R. S., NBS/R 77-1261.

RossiTER, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G., Burch, D. M., Pierce,

E. T., TN946.

Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G., NBSIR 77-1256.

RossiTER, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G., 17060.

Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G., 17061.

Rowe, p. G., Gevirtz, J. L., Blackburn, J. B., Jr., SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Rubin, A. I., Glass, R. A., 17036.

Ruegg, R. T., 17299.

Ruegg, R. T., Marshall, H. E., 17107.

Ruegg, R. T., Wyly, R. S., Marshall, H. E., 17296.

Ryan, J. D., Obright, W., Rippey, W., Hebrank, J., Hurley,

C. W., NBSIR 77-1243.

Ryan, J. D., Reznek, B., SP489.

Santo, T., Hattori, S., Kitagawa, Y., SP470, pp. 111-1—111-17 (Apr. 1977).

Santo, T., Terashima, T., SP470, pp. III-l 8—111-28 (Apr.

1977).

Santo, T., Terashima, T., SP477, pp. IV-47—IV-54 (May

1977).

Sawada, K., SP477, pp. VI-44—Vl-49 (May 1977).

Sawada, K., Koga, Y., SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr. 1977).

SCALZI, J. B., SP477, pp. Vl-28—Vl-36 (May 1977).

ScALZi, J. B., Thiel, C. C, SP470, pp. IX-6—IX-16 (Apr.

1977).

ScANLAN, R. H., Gade, R. H., SP477, pp. I-l—I-ll (May

1977).

Schaefgen, J. R., Jr., Carroll, W. L., NBSIR 77-1307.

Schodek, D. L., Gauchat, U. P., SP473, pp. 17-33 (June

1977).

Schultz, D. M., Fintel, M., SP477, pp. Vl-220—VI-25 1 (May

1977).

Sears, P. M., BSS106, pp. 221-227 (Sept. 1977).

Shao, L. C, Stuart, R. J., Hofmayer, C. H., SP477, pp. VII- 1—Vn-28 (May 1977).

Shaver, J., Ellingwood, B., 17303.

Shaver, J. R., Wyly, R. S., Rorrer, D. E., NBSIR 77-1261.

Sherwood, G. E., Wilkinson, T. L., Fattal, S. G., BSSIOO3. Shier, D. R., Hall, W. G., NBSIR 77-1250.

SiMlu, E., SP477, pp. 1-49—1-65 (May 1977).

SiMiu, E., Culver, C, Fattal, G., SP490.

SiMiu, E., Ellingwood, B., 16856.

SiMiu, E., Marshall, R. D., BSSlOO-2.

SiMiu, E., Patel, V. C, Nash, J. F., SP477, pp. 11-30—11-40 (May 1977).

SiMiu, E., Vaicaitis, R., 16843.

Siu, C. I., Powell, F. J., Burch, D. M., 17284.

Sleater, G. a., TN941.

Smith, B., SP473, pp. 453-489 (June 1977).

Soma, S., SP477, pp. II-l—11-14 (May 1977).

Soma, S., Suda, K.., SP470, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Stahl, F. I., NBS-GCR-77-92.

Stahl, F. I., Archea, J., NBSIR 77-1313.

Stroik, J. S., 16714.

Stuart, R. J., Hofmayer, C. H., Shag, L. C, SP477, pp. VII- l_VII-28 (May 1977).

Suda, K., Soma, S., SP470, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Takeuchi, K., SP470, pp. I-l—1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Tatsuoka, F., Iwasaki, T., SP477, pp. VI- 158—VI- 178 (May

1977).

Tatsuoka, F., Iwasaki, T., Wakabayashi, S., SP477, pp. III- 41—111-56 (May 1977).

Tatsuoka, F., Kuribayashi, E., SP470, pp. V-1—V-15 (Apr.

1977).

Tazaki, T., Ichihara, K., Kuribayashi, E., SP477, pp. VI- 69—VI-84 (May 1977).

Tazaku, T., Hadate, T., Kuribayashi, E., SP477, pp. IV- 1_IV-17 (May 1977).

Teitsma, G. J., Peavy, B. A., NBSIR 76-1182.

Terashima, T., Santo, T., SP470, pp. III-18—III-28 (Apr.

1977).

Terashima, T., Santo, T., SP477, pp. IV-47—IV-54 (May

1977).

Thiel, C. C, Scalzi, J. B., SP470, pp. IX-6—IX-16 (Apr.

1977).

ToKUHiRO, H., Watabe, M., SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr.

1977).

Trechsel, H. R., 17110.

Trellis, A., SP473, pp. 391-396 (June 1977).

TsucHiDA, H., KuRATA, E., Hayashi, S., SP477, pp. III-16—III- 25 (May 1977).

TsucHiDA, H., Kuribayashi, E., SP470, pp. VIII-56—VIII-68 (Apr. 1977).

TsucHiDA, H., NODA, S., Hayashi, S., 5^470, pp. VIII- 42—VIII-55 (Apr. 1977).

TSUCHIDA, H., Watabe, M., Kuribayashi, E., SP470, pp. IV- 1—IV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Tyrrell, J. V., BSS106, p. 220 (Sept. 1977).

Uwabe, T., Hayashi, S., Noda, S., SP477, pp. VI-192—VI-198

(May 1977).

Vaicaitis, R., Simiu, E., 16843. van der Meer, W. J., SP473, pp. 85-101 (June 1977).

Ventre, F. T., SP473, pp. 203-223 (June 1977).

Wakabayashi, S., Tatsuoka, F., Iwasaki, T., SP477, pp. III- 41—III-56 (May 1977).

Watabe, M., Hirosawa, M., Nakata, S., SP470, pp. IX-1—IX5 (Apr. 1977).

Watabe, M., Kuribayashi, E., Tsuchida, H., SP470, pp. IV- l_IV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Watabe, M., Ohsaki, Y., SP477, pp. VII-29—VII-35 (May

1977).

Watabe, M., Tokuhiro, H., SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr.

1977).

Webb, R. M., BSS106, pp. 215-217 (Sept. 1977).

Weber, S. F., 17302.

Werner, M. E., BSS106, pp. 275-282 (Sept. 1977).

Wilkinson, T. L., Fattal, S. G., Sherwood, G. E., BSSIOO3. Williams, D., Kawashima, K., Penzien, J., Godden, W. G.,

Chen, M. C, SP477, pp. VI-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

Wright, R. N., Fenves, S. J., TN940.

Wright, R. N., Fenves, S. J., 16705.

Wyly, R. S., Galowin, L. S., Orloski. M. J., SP473, pp. 317-

348 (June 1977).

Wyly, R. S., Marshall, H. E., Ruegg, R. T., 17296.

Wyly, R. S., Rorrer, D. E., Shaver, J. R., NBSIR 77-1261.

Yahagi, K., Okahara, M., Kunihiro, T., SP477, pp. VI1 18—VI-140 (May 1977).

Yamazaki, Y., Koizumi, Y., SP470, pp. VI-1—VI-21 (Apr.

1977).

Yancey, C. W. C, NBSIR 77-1254.

YOKOYAMA, K., Okubo, T., Narita, N., SP470, pp. 11-20—II- 46 (Apr. 1977).

YoKOYAMA, K., Okubo, T., Narita, N., SP477, pp. V-1—V-20

(May 1977).

Yonemura, G. T., 17015.

Yonemura, G. T., 17293.

Yorkdale, a. H., BSS106, pp. 9-16 (Sept. 1977).

56
Key word

Index

A

Administrative procedures; building codes; building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; environmental

considerations; innovative practices; regulatory

research; standards development; SP473.

Adobe building materials; adobe soil; mechanical properties; moisture determination; preservation technology;

TN934.

Adobe soil; mechanical properties; moisture determination;

preservation technology; adobe building materials;

TN934.

Aerodynamics; boundary layers; buildings; turbulence;

WIND LOADS; wind TUNNELS; NBSIR 77-1196.

Aerodynamics; building (codes); pressure; spectra; struc- tural engineering; tall buildings; turbulence; wind;

16843.

Aerodynamics; buildings; full-scale testing; mobile

homes; wind loads; SP477, pp. 1-21 —1-33 (May 1977).

Air conditioning; comfort; heat pump; load-calculation;

rating; residential; space heating; testing; 17006.

Air conditioning requirements; energy conservation; in- termittent ventilation; ventilation control; weather

DATA analysis; NBSIR 76-1088.

Air Force facilities; building energy conservation; energy

management; evaluation and monitoring; survey of

buildings; 17062.

Air infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss

reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal in- sulation; thermography; NBSIR 77-1274.

Air infiltration; energy conservation; mobile home; partload efficiency; thermography; NBSIR 76-1182.

Air leakage of buildings; building heat transfer;

honeycomb panel construction; relocatable buildings;

wind-load racking; NBSIR 76-1178.

Air, moisture and heat transfer theory; cold storage in- sulation; fibrous-glass insulation; vapor condensation;

/ 7340.

Airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent static force;

GRAVITY load; HANDLING DEVICES; HANDLING LOADS; MILITA- RY FIELD SHELTERS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOCKS,

SNOW LOAD; STATIC LOAD; TRAINS; TRANSPORTATION; TRUCKS;

VIBRATIONS; WIND LOAD; ACCELERATION; NBSIR 77-1254.

AlR-TIGHTNESS; DAYLIGHTING; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; INSULATION; shading; solar-heating; ventilation; windows;

BSS104.

Allowable bolt loads, end distance, edge distance and

spacing; drift; face shells, reinforcing splices; high lift grouting; shotcrete, surface wave instrumentation; veneer anchorage; BSS106, pp. 259-274 (Sept. 1977).

Alluvial deposits; earthquakes; epicentral distance;

liquefaction; settlement; soils; SP470, pp. V-1 —V-15

(Apr. 1977).

Alternate path; building code; design criteria; probability; progressive collapse; reliability; structural en- gineering; uncertainty; abnormal loading; BSS98.

Alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building standards;

buildings; energy conservation; minimum property stan- dards; multiple glazing; "U" values; SP473, pp. 85-101

(June 1977).

Alternatives; building codes; building process; constraints; costs; incentives; regulation; SP473, pp. 17-33

(June 1977).

Aluminum wiring; branch circuits; copper wiring; military

buildings; NBSIR 76-1184.

Analysis; compressive strength; deflection; design; flexural strength; masonry walls; racking strength; seismic

loading; shear strength; shear wall; stiffness; BSS62.

Abnormal loading; alternate path; building code; design

criteria; probability; progressive collapse; reliability;

structural engineering; uncertainty; bss98.

Absorption chillers; boiler performance; central utility

plant; DIESEL ENGINE; ENGINE-GENERATOR EFFICIENCY; HEAT

recovery; PERFORMANCE; TOTAL ENERGY SYSTEMS; NBSIR

77-1243.

Abstracted reports and articles; HUD Modular In- tegrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Program; total energy; utility systems; SP489.

Accelerated laboratory testing; performance criteria;

STONE decay; stone preservatives; TN941

.

Acceleration; accelerogram; gravity quaywall; rock motion; seismic coefficient; SP477, pp. VI-192—V1-I98 (May

1977).

Acceleration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads;

equivalent static force; gravity load; handling devices;

handling loads; military field shelters; probability dis- tributions; shocks, snow load; static load; trains;

transportation; trucks; vibrations; wind load; NBSIR

77-1254.

Acceleration records; dynamic behavior; earthquakes;

response spectra; soils; SP477, pp. 111-41 —111-56 (May

1977).

Accelerogram; gravity quaywall; rock motion; seismic

coefficient; acceleration; SP477, pp. VI- 192 —VI- 1 98

(May 1977).

Accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster;

DYNAMIC analysis; EARTHQUAKES; GROUND FAILURES; hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; standards;

structural response; vessels and wind; sp470.

Accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster;

dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures;

nuclear facilities; SEISMICITY; SOILS; STANDARDS; STRUCTURAL RESPONSE; winds; SP477.

Accelerographs; data processing; earthquake records;

STRONG-MOTION DATA; SP470, pp. lV-53 —lV-66 (Apr.

1977).

Accelerographs; earthquake data; earthquake records;

FIELD observations; strong-motion accelerographs;

SP470, pp. IV-1—lV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Accelerographs; earthquake data; earthquake records;

field stations; strong-motion network; SP470, pp. IV- 35—IV-52 (Apr. 1977).

Accessibility standards; building code; code administration; communication; enabling legislation; physically

handicapped; regulation; SP473, pp. 241-251 (June 1977).

Accidents; benefit-cost analysis; building codes; building

economics; building regulations; economic impact; electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters; national

ELECTRIC code; SAFETY REGULATIONS; STANDARDS; SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; housing technology; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum

property standards; performance criteria; performance

evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test methods;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Adaptive reuse; architecture; building codes; building

regulations; building safety; construction; per- formance; preservation; rehabilitation; renovation;

SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Anchor bolts; bond; damping; ductility; earthquake re- sistance; energy absorption; modulus of elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear modulus; testing; ultimate

strength; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

ANSI 58; low-rise buildings; wind study; 17115.

Anthropomorphic dummies; building safety; dummies;

guidebook; testing; NBS-GCR-77-91

.

Apartment building; collapse; concrete; concrete

strength; construction; flexure; progressive collapse;

shear; strength; BSS94.

59
Appliances; atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; HOUSING technology; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum property stan- dards; performance criteria; performance evaluation;

plumbing; safety; structures; test methods; acoustics;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Arch dam; deflections; dynamic tests; model; structural

analysis; velocities; vibrations; SP477, pp. VI-85 —VI-1 17 (May 1977).

Arching; masonry walls; BSS106, pp. 283-313 (Sept. 1977).

Architectural; design; housing; low income; low-rise

buildings; sites and services; socio-economic; struc- tural design; wind-resistant; BSSlOO-5.

Architectural controls; buildings; design review; land

use; municipalities; regulation; site design; SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Architectural criteria; automated system; building

codes; buildings; computer applications; criteria maintTENANCE design EVALUATION; DESIGN GUIDES; SP473, pp. 349-368 (June 1977).

Architectural psychology; architectural research;

BUILDING codes; BUILDING DESIGN; BUILDING HRES; BUILDING

regulatory standards; emergency egress; exit capacity;

fire safety; human performance; occupational safety;

regulatory data; nbsir 77-1313.

Architectural research; building codes; building design;

BUILDING fires; BUILDING REGULATORY STANDARDS; EMERGENCY egress; exit capacity; fire safety; human per- formance; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY; REGULATORY DATA; architectural PSYCHOLOGY; NBSIR 77-1313.

Architecture; building codes; building regulations; building safety; CONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; PRESERVATION;

rehabilitation; renovation; adaptive reuse; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Architecture; building technology; construction; health

facilities; hospitals; medical facilities; medical

planning; NBSIR 77-1233.

Architecture; buildings; connectors; design criteria;

fasteners; wind; NBSIR 77-1197.

Architecture; buildings; design; energy; legislation;

solar; standards; State; NBSIR 77-1297.

Arcing/sparking; branch circuit; contact resistance; electrical connections; fire hazard; glowing electrical

connections; BSS103.

Arrays; earthquakes; ground motion; records; results;

seismometers; SP477, pp. 111-16—111-25 (May 1977).

Aseismic design; dynamic tests; nuclear reactors; oil

tanks; power plants; shake table; SP470, pp. VII- 1 —VII- 6 (Apr. 1977).

Aseismic design criteria; design provisions; earthquakes;

specifications; structural engineering; tunnels; SP470,

pp. VIII-56—Vin-68 (Apr. 1977).

ASHRAE 90-75; building standards; buildings; energy

conservation; minimum property standards; multiple

glazing; "U" values; alternatives; SP473, pp. 85-101

(June 1977). ASTTVI Test Standard for insulating glass; frost-point

measuring apparatus; moisture condensation; seal durability and longevity; sealed insulating glass; / 7286.

Atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; housing

technology; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum property standards; per- formance criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing;

safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; appliances;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Automated system; building codes; buildings; computer

applications; criteria maintenance design evaluation;

design guides; architectural criteria; SP473, pp. 349-

368 (June 1977).

B

Bedrock; modeling; rheological; seismic response; twodimensions; SP477, pp. IV-18—IV-46 (May 1977).

Benefit-cost analysis; building codes; building economics;

building regulations; economic impact; electric shock;

ground fault circuit interrupters; national electric

code; safety regulations; standards; accidents; SP473,

pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Bibliography; building technology publications; Center

FOR Building Technology; key word-author indexes;

publication abstracts; SP457-1.

Bituminous roof membranes; built-up roof membranes;

COAL-TAR pitch; PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; PHYSICAL AND EN- GINEERING properties; test methods; NBSIR 77-1256.

Blended cements; fly ash; specihcations; 16768.

Body shadow; contrast rendition; hand calculator; illuminating engineering; light design; luminaire effectiveness; luminance factor; office lighting; sphere illumination; NBSIR 77-1303.

Boiler performance; central utility plant; diesel engine;

engine-generator efficiency; heat recovery; per- formance; total energy systems; absorption chillers;

NBSIR 77-1243.

Boilers; economics; energy conservation; instrumentation; recuperators; waste; H121.

Bond; damping; ductility; earthquake resistance; energy

absorption; modulus of elasticity; partial reinforcing;

risk; shear modulus; testing; ultimate strength; anchor

bolts; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Bore hole; k property; property; soil; stiffness; testing;

SP477, pp. VI-1 18—VI-140 (May 1977).

Boundary layer; hurricanes; loads (forces); natural

analysis; tall buildings; wind profiles; SP477, pp. II- 30—11-40 (May 1977).

Boundary layers; buildings; turbulence; wind loads; wind

tunnels; aerodynamics; NBSIR 77-1196.

Branch circuit; contact resistance; electrical connections; ORE hazard; glowing electrical connections;

arcing/sparking; BSS103.

Branch circuits; copper wiring; military buildings; aluminum wiring; NBSIR 76-1184.

Breakeven analysis; life-cycle costing; patrol cars; per- sonal CAR plan; police fleet administration; take-home

CAR program; 1 7299.

Brick; clay masonry; concrete block; concrete masonry;

FAILURE modes; LOAD CAPACITY; MASONRY WALLS; SHEAR

walls; SPLITTING STRENGTH; ULTIMATE CAPACITY; BSS106,

pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Bricks; buildings; Canada; concrete blocks; design stan- dards; EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURES; MASONRY;

BSS106, pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Bridge; cabled stayed; displacements; flutter; models;

WIND angles; wind tunnel; SP470, pp. 11-47 —11-67 (Apr.

1977).

Bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis;

earthquakes; ground failures; hydraulic structures;

seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; ves- sels and wind; accelerograph; SP470.

Bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis;

earthquakes; ground failures; nuclear facilities;

seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; winds,

accelerograph; SP477.

Bridges; design; experiments; nonlinear response; reinforced concrete; SP477, pp. VI-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

Bridges; displacements; field tests; wind measurements;

winds; wind speed; SP470, pp. 11-20—11-46 (Apr. 1977).

Bridges; earthquake damage; Guatemala earthquake;

SP477, pp. Vill i—VIII-27 (May 1977).

60
Bridges; earthquake design; earthquake forces; seismic PROVISIONS; specifications; SP470, pp. VIII-31 —VIII-41 (Apr. 1977).

Bridges; specifications; wind; SP477, pp. 1-34—1-48 (May

1977).

Builder-developer; construction; consumers; cost analysis; COST benehts; housing; regulation; SP473, pp. 391-

396 (June 1977).

Building; building environment; energy conservation; en- gineering; HUMAN factor; RESOURCE IMPACT FACTORS;

17110.

Building; wind; wind effects; wind loads; wind observation; WIND speed; SP470, pp. 1-42—1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Building code; building permits; computers; enforcement;

information retrieval; inspection; management control;

microfilm; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Building code; code administration; communication;

enabling legislation; physically handicapped; regulaTION; accessibility standards; SP473, pp. 241-251 (June

1977).

Building code; design criteria; probability; progressive

collapse; reliability; structural engineering; uncertainty; abnormal loading; alternate path; BSS98.

Building code structure; existing buildings; historic

preservation; performance attributes; performance

evaluation; building codes and standards; SP473, pp. 453-489 (June 1977).

Building codes; building design; building fires; building

regulatory standards; emergency egress; exit capacity; nre safety; human performance; occupational safety;

regulatory data; architectural psychology; architectural research; nbsir 77-1313.

Building codes; building economics; building regulations;

economic impact; electric shock; ground fault circuit

interrupters; national electric code; safety regulations; standards; accidents; beneht-cost analysis;

SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Building codes; building process; constraints; costs; in- centives; regulation; alternatives; SP473, pp. 17-33

(June 1977).

Building codes; building regulations; design criteria;

earthquakes; hospitals; schools; sp470, pp. vi-64—vi-73

(Apr. 1977).

Building codes; building regulations; buildings; economic

IMPACTS; environmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory research; standards development; administrative procedures; SP473.

Building codes; building regulations; building safety;

construction; performance; preservation; rehabilitatio

n; renovation; adaptive reuse; architecture; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Building codes; building regulation; do-it-yourself; home

construction; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling;

renewal; renovation; self-help; standards; NBS-GCR77-88. Building codes; building safety; control; instruments;

knowledge; legislation; life safety; regulation; stan- dards; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Building codes; buildings; codes and standards; housing;

hurricanes; pressure coEFnciENTS; probability distribution functions; risk; statistical analysis; storms; struc- tural engineering; tropical storms; wind loads; wind

speeds; BSSlOO-2.

Building codes; buildings; computer applications; criteria

maintenance design evaluation; design guides; architecTURAL criteria; AUTOMATED SYSTEM; SP473, pp. 349-368

(June 1977).

Building codes; buildings; construction; dwellings;

earthquakes; seismic design criteria; sp470, pp. vi74—VI-88 (Apr. 1977).

Building codes; buildings; design; earthquakes; struc- tural ENGINEERING; SP477, pp. VI-61—Vl-68 (May 1977).

Building codes; carrying capacity; environment; land use; NATURAL system; PERFORMANCE STANDARDS; REGULATORY

process; SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Building codes; community development; construction

costs; contractors; housing; rehabilitation; standards;

SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Building codes; computer model; decision table; decision

theory; networks; specircations; standards; system en- gineering; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Building codes; computer programming; decision tables;

graph theory; performance specifications; standards;

TN940.

Building codes; computer programming; decision tables;

graph theory; performance specifications; standards;

16705.

Building codes; concrete testing; evaluation; innovations; IN-PLACE testing; PERFORMANCE APPROACH; REGULATORY domination; standards development; SP473, pp. 279-284 (June 1977).

Building codes; decision making; public policy; regulation; SP473, pp. 203-223 (June 1977).

Building codes; earthquakes; natural disasters; struc- tural engineering; buildings; SP490.

Building codes; energy conservation; energy efficiency;

ENERGY performance; MODEL CODES; STANDARDS; 17290.

Building codes; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; re- sidential; urban renewal; NBS-GCR-77-87

.

Building codes and standards; building code structure;

existing buildings; historic preservation; performance

attributes; performance evaluation; SP473, pp. 453-489

(June 1977).

Building codes and standards; construction industry;

dimensional coordination; metrication; metric system;

MODULAR coordination; SI; SP458.

Building codes and standards; design criteria;

earthquake resistance; masonry construction; SEISMIC design; structural design; structural engineering;

structural research; bss106.

Building codes and standards; design criteria;

earthquake resistance; limit states design; masonry

construction; materials testing standardization; mathematical MODELS; rehabilitation; retroht; seismic design;

STRUCTURAL DESIGN; BSSI 06, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Building construction; building regulations; cities; code

uniformity; enforcement; legislation; rules and regulations; statewide codes; summary tables; NBSIR 77-1390.

Building construction groups; certihcation; code en- forcement officials; communications; criteria; education programs; professional competence; SP473, pp. 383-

389 (June 1977).

Building design; building fires; building regulatory stan- dards; emergency egress; exit capacity; fire safety;

HUMAN performance; occupational safety; regulatory

data; architectural psychology; architectural

research; building codes; NBSIR 77-1313.

Building design; cost; energy conservation; energy stan- dards; fenestration; life-cycle costing; retrofitting;

solar; 17107.

Building economics; building regulations; economic im- pact; electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters;

national electric code; safety regulations; standards;

accidents; benefit-cost analysis; building codes; SP473,

pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Building economics; economic efhciency; economics; energy; ENERGY conservation; LIFE-CYCLE COST; OPTIMIZATION; performance standards; resource IMPACT factors; resources; social optimum; standards; 17302.

61
Building energy analysis; computerized energy analysis;

ENERGY consumption; HEATING AND COOLING LOADS; NBSIR

76- 1177.

Building energy conservation; energy management;

evaluation and monitoring; survey of buildings; alr

Force facilities; 17062.

Building envelope; energy conservation base; insulation;

residential design practices; typical construction

characteristics; typical new house materials; windows;

NBSIR 77-1309.

Building environment; energy conservation; engineering;

human factor; resource impact factors; building; 17110.

Building fires; building regulatory standards; emergency

egress; exit capacity; fire safety; human performance;

occupational safety; regulatory data; architectural

psychology; ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH; BUILDING CODES;

building design; nbsir 77-1313.

Building fires; hre behavior; high-rise buildings; occupant

behavior in fires; simulated behavior; nbs-gcr-77-92

.

Building heat transfer; honeycomb panel construction;

relocatable buildings; wind-load racking; air leakage

OF BUILDINGS; NBSIR 76-1178.

Building heating system; computer simulation; energy

conservation; furnace; operating cost; seasonal per- formance; 16922.

Building official; building regulation; education; housing

demand; innovation; regulatory barriers; residential

construction; unionization; SP473, pp. 113-135 (June

1977).

Building performance; building process; building systems;

construction management; design/build; life-cycle costing; project procurement; SP476.

Building permits; computers; enforcement; information

retrieval; inspection; management control; microhlm;

BUILDING code; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Building process; building systems; construction management; design/build; life-cycle costing; project procurement; building performance; SP476.

Building process; constraints; costs; incentives; regulation; alternatives; building codes; SP473, pp. 17-33

(June 1977).

Building regulation; code administration; enforcement;

funding; local government; model codes; state-local

relations; statewide codes; uniformity; SP473, pp. 225-

240 (June 1977).

Building regulation; computer-based systems; computer

technology; information processing; performance

evaluation; plan review; research and development;

SP473, pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Building regulation; do-it-yourself; home construction;

housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; renewal; renovation; self-help; standards; building codes; NBS-GCR-77-

88. Building regulation; education; housing demand; innovation; regulatory barriers; residential construction;

UNIONIZATION; BUILDING OFFICIAL; SP473, pp. 113-135 (June

1977).

Building regulations; building safety; construction; per- formance; preservation; rehabilitation; renovation;

adaptive reuse; architecture; building codes; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; en- vironmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory research; standards development; administrative

procedures; building codes; SP473.

Building regulations; cities; code uniformity; enforcement; legislation; rules and regulations; statewide

codes; summary tables; building construction; NBSIR

77- 1390.

Building regulations; design criteria; earthquakes;

hospitals; schools; building codes; SP470, pp. VI-64—VI- 73 (Apr. 1977).

Building regulations; economic impact; electric shock;

ground fault circuit interrupters; national electric

code; safety regulations; standards; accidents; benefitcost analysis; building codes; building economics;

SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Building regulatory standards; emergency egress; exit

capacity; ore safety; human performance; occupational

safety; regulatory data; architectural psychology;

architectural research; building codes; building

design; building fires; nbsir 77-1313.

Building research; building technology; codes; criteria;

PROJECT summaries; standards; technical bases; SP446-1

.

Building safety; construction; performance; preservation; REHABILITATION; RENOVATION; ADAPTIVE REUSE; architecture; building CODES; BUILDING REGULATIONS;

SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Building safety; control; instruments; knowledge;

legislation; life safety; regulation; standards; building

codes; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Building safety; dummies; guidebook; testing;

anthropomorphic dummies; NBS-GCR-77-91 . Building standards; buildings; energy conservation;

minimum property standards; multiple glazing; "U"

values; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; SP473, pp. 85-101

(June 1977).

Building systems; construction management; design/build;

life-cycle costing; project procurement; building per- formance; building process; SP476.

Building technology; codes; criteria; project summaries;

standards; technical bases; building research; SP446-1.

Building technology; construction; health facilities; hospitals; medical facilities; medical planning;

architecture; NBSIR 77-1233.

Building technology publications; Center for Building

Technology; key word-author indexes; publication ab- stracts; bibliography; SP457-1.

Building (codes); pressure; spectra; structural engineering; tall buildings; turbulence; wind; aerodynamics;

16843.

Buildings; building codes; earthquakes; natural dis- asters; STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING; SP490.

Buildings; Canada; concrete blocks; design standards;

earthquake resistant structures; masonry; bricks;

BSS106, pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes;

GROUND failures; hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; vessels and wind; ac- celerograph; bridges; SP470.

Buildings; odes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes;

ground failures; nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; winds; accelerograph;

bridges; SP477.

Buildings; codes; energy conservation; regulatory community; standards; 17111.

Buildings; codes and standards; housing; hurricanes;

PRESSURE coefficients; probability distribution functions; risk; statistical analysis; storms; structural en- gineering; tropical storms; wind loads; wind speeds;

BUILDING codes; BSS100-2. Buildings; collapse; concrete; panels; structural integrity; SP477, pp. VI-220—VI-25 1 (May 1977).

Buildings; computer applications; criteria maintenance

design evaluation; design guides; architectural

criteria; automated system; building codes; SP473, pp. 349-368 (June 1977).

Buildings; connectors; design criteria; fasteners; wind;

architecture; NBSIR 77-1197.

Buildings; construction; dwellings; earthquakes; seismic

design criteria; building codes; SP470, pp. VI-74—VI-88

(Apr. 1977).

62
Buildings; cooling; heating; laboratory accreditation;

performance criteria; solar energy; standards; 16686.

Buildings; cooling; heating; performance criteria; solar

collectors; solar energy; standards; sp473, pp. 103-1 12 (June 1977).

Buildings; cyclones; disasters; structural engineering;

tides; wind; SP477, pp. V-21—V-53 (May 1977).

Buildings; damage; dynamic response; earthquakes;

safety; shear wall; stiffness; SP470, pp. VI-33 —VI-46

(Apr. 1977).

Buildings; design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; en- gineering; NBSIR 76-1193.

Buildings; design; earthquakes; structural engineering;

building codes; SP477, pp. Vl-61—VI-68 (May 1977).

Buildings; design; energy; legislation; solar; standards;

State; architecture; NBSIR 77-1297.

Buildings; design review; land use; municipalities; regulation; site design; architectural controls; SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Buildings; dynamic effects; high winds; roofs; typhoon;

WIND pressure; SP470, pp. II-l—11-19 (Apr. 1977).

. Buildings; earthquakes; research; structural engineering; structures; SP470, pp. IX-6—IX-16 (Apr. 1977).

Buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory research; stan- dards development; administrative procedures; building

codes; building regulations; SP473.

Buildings; energy conservation; enforcement; legislation;

regulations; solar energy; standards; state-of-the-art

study; NBSIR 77-1259.

Buildings; energy conservation; evaluation; inspection;

retrofit; thermography; 16902.

Buildings; energy conservation; minimum property stan- dards; multiple glazing; "U" values; alternatives;

ASHRAE 90-75; building standards; SP473, pp. 85-101

(June 1977).

Buildings; full-scale testing; mobile homes; wind loads;

aerodynamics; SP477, pp. 1-21—1-33 (May 1977).

Buildings; instruments; strong motion; SP477, pp. III- 26—111-40 (May 1977).

Buildings; live loads; load surveys; structural engineering; 16708.

Buildings; turbulence; wind loads; wind tunnels;

aerodynamics; boundary layers; NBSIR 77-1196.

Buildings (codes); live loads; load surveys; probability

theory; structural engineering; 17305.

Built-up roof membranes; coal-tar pitch; performance

criteria; physical and engineering properties; test methods; bituminous roof membranes; NBSIR 77-1256.

Built-up roofing; insulation; performance; radiative cooling; roofing; solar heating; surface temperature;

/ 7060.

Built-up roofing; insulation; performance; radiative cooling; roofing; solar heating; surface temperature;

7 706/.

Burglary resistance; door assemblies; door components;

doors; frames; hardware; hinges; locks; security stan- dards; 16714.

c

Cabled stayed; displacements; flutter; models; wind angles; WIND tunnel; bridge; SP470, pp. 11-47—11-67 (Apr.

1977).

Calorimetry; color names; color-order systems; Munsell

Color System; Universal Color Language; variable ac- curacy OF color designations; centroid colors; color;

color designations; sp440.

Canada; concrete blocks; design standards; earthquake

resistant structures; masonry; bricks; buildings;

BSS106, pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent static force; gravity

load; handling devices; handling loads; military field

shelters; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOCKS, SNOW LOAD;

STATIC load; trains; transportation; trucks; vibrations;

WIND load; acceleration; airplanes; NBSIR 77-1254.

Carrying capacity; environment; land use; natural

system; performance standards; regulatory process;

building codes; SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Cellular plastics; foam insulation; insulation; materials

properties; performance; urea-formaldehyde; TN946.

Cement manufacture; energy conservation; fly ashes;

mineral waste utilization; slags; 17010.

Center for Building Technology; key word-author in- dexes; publication abstracts; bibliography; building

technology publications; SP457-1.

Central utility plant; diesel engine; engine-generator ef- ficiency; heat recovery; performance; total energy

systems; absorption chillers; boiler performance;

NBSIR 77-1243.

Centroid colors; color; color designations; calorimetry;

color names; color-order systems; Munsell Color

System; Universal Color Language; variable accuracy

of color designations; SP440.

Certification; code enforcement officials; communications; criteria; education programs; professional competence; BUILDING construction GROUPS; SP473, pp. 383-

389 (June 1977).

Children; data analysis; housing; lead paint; lead poisoning; surveys; x-ray fluorescence; NBSIR 77-1250.

Circuit breaker; data; experiment; shake table; testing;

transformer; SP477, pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May 1977).

Cities; code uniformity; enforcement; legislation; rules

and regulations; statewide codes; summary tables;

building construction; building regulations; NBSIR 77- 1390.

Classification; damage; intensity; seismic; wooden house;

SP477, pp. lV-1—IV-17 (May 1977).

Clay masonry; concrete block; concrete masonry; failure

modes; load capacity; masonry walls; shear walls;

SPLITTING strength; ULTIMATE CAPACITY; BRICK; BSSI06, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Climatic data; cloud cover modifier; energy conservation; shading coefficient; solar heat gain; window

design; 17341.

Cloud cover modifier; energy conservation; shading coefficient; solar heat gain; window design; climatic data;

17341.

Coal by-products; construction materials; industrial wastes; mining wastes; municipal waste; slags; waste

materials; NBSIR 77-1244.

Coal-tar pitch; performance criteria; physical and en- gineering properties; test methods; bituminous roof

membranes; built-up roof membranes; NBSIR 77-1256.

Code administration; communication; enabling legislation; physically handicapped; regulation; accessibility

standards; building code; SP473, pp. 241-251 (June

1977).

Code administration; enforcement; funding; local

government; model codes; state-local relations; sta,te- wiDE codes; uniformity; building regulation; SP473, pp. 225-240 (June 1977).

Code enforcement officials; communications; criteria;

EDUCATION programs; PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE; BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION GROUPS; CERTIRCATION; SP473, pp. 383-389

(June 1977).

Code uniformity; enforcement; legislation; rules and

regulations; statewide codes; summary tables; building

construction; building regulations; cities; nbsir 77- 1390.

Codes; criteria; project summaries; standards; technical

bases; building research; building technology; SP446-1

.

63
Codes; design; dynamic analysis; masonry; shear walls;

BSS106, pp. 91-1 13 (Sept. 1977).

Codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground

failures; hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; stan- dards; STRUCTURAL RESPONSE; VESSELS AND WIND; ACCELEROgraph; bridges; buildings; SP470.

Codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground

failures; nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; standards;

structural response; winds; accelerograph; bridges;

buildings; SP477.

Codes; energy conservation; regulatory community; stan- dards; buildings; 171 1 1

.

Codes; probability; statistics; structural design; wind;

16856.

Codes and standards; connectors; fasteners; low-rise

buildings; masonry walls' structural design; technology transfer; timber roofs; timber walls; wind effects;

BSS100-3. Codes and standards; disaster mitigation; housing; lowrise buildings; socio-economics; structural connections; technology transfer; wind loads; BSS100-1. Codes and standards; disaster mitigation; housing; lowrise BUILDINGS; SOCIO-ECONOMICS; STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS; WIND LOADS; SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Codes and standards; energy conserving buildings; ener- gy legislation; energy performance criteria; energy

performance standards; / 7289.

Codes and standards; environmental studies; fire safety;

HEALTH dangers; RESEARCH NEEDS; SP473, pp. 35-53 (June

1977).

Codes and standards; housing; hurricanes; pressure coefficients; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; RISK; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STORMS; STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING;

TROPICAL storms; WIND LOADS; WIND SPEEDS; BUILDING

codes; BUILDINGS; BSSlOO-2.

Cold storage insulation; fibrous-glass insulation; vapor

condensation; air, moisture and heat transfer theory;

/ 7340.

Collapse; concrete; concrete strength; construction;

flexure; progressive collapse; shear; strength; apartment building; BSS94.

Collapse; concrete; panels; structural integrity;

buildings; SP477, pp. VI-220—VI-25 1 (May 1977).

Color; color designations; calorimetry; color names; color-order systems; Munsell Color System; Universal

Color Language; variable accuracy of color designations; centroid colors; SP440.

Color designations; calorimetry; color names; colororder systems; Munsell Color System; Universal Color

Language; variable accuracy of color designations;

centroid colors; color; SP440.

Color names; color-order systems; Munsell Color

System; Universal Color Language; variable accuracy

OF color designations; centroid colors; color; color

designations; calorimetry; SP440.

Color-order systems; Munsell Color System; Universal

Color Language; variable accuracy of color designations; centroid colors; color; color designations;

calorimetry; color names; SP440.

Columns; concrete; earthquake; hysteretic envelope;

reinforced; strength; SP477, pp. VI-10—VI-27 (May

1977).

Comfort; heat pump; load-calculation; rating; re- sidential; SPACE heating; testing; air conditioning;

17006.

Comfort; measurement; radiation; 16923.

Communication; enabling legislation; physically handicapped; regulation; accessibility standards; building

code; code administration; SP473, pp. 241-251 (June

1977).

Communication of research and standards; National Bu- reau OF Standards; solar energy standards; standards

users; 16733.

Communications; criteria; education programs; professional competence; building construction groups; certification; CODE enforcement OFFICIALS; SP473, pp. 383-

389 (June 1977).

Communications; disaster communication; emergency communications; fire communications; high-rise communications; HIGH-RISE emergency; INFORMATION TRANSFER; OCCUpant needs; sensory stimuli; 17036.

Community development; construction costs; contractors; housing; rehabilitation; standards; building

codes; SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Compositional analysis; instrumental methods; metallic

artifacts; microstructural analysis; nondestructive

evaluation techniques; 16712.

Compressive strength; deflection; design; flexural

strength; masonry walls; racking strength; seismic

loading; shear strength; shear wall; stiffness; analysis; BSS62.

Computer; energy; radiation; solar; BSS96.

Computer applications; criteria maintenance design

evaluation; design guides; architectural criteria; automated system; building codes; buildings; SP473, pp. 349-

368 (June 1977).

Computer model; decision table; decision theory; net- works; specifications; standards; system engineering;

building codes; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Computer programming; decision tables; graph theory;

performance specifications; standards; building codes;

TN940.

Computer programming; decision tables; graph theory;

performance specifications; standards; building codes;

16705.

Computer programs; cooling; energy analysis; rnancial

analysis; heating; load calculation; MIUS; modular in- tegrated UTILITY system; SIMULATION; UTILITY SERVICES; NBSIR 77-1307.

Computer simulation; energy conservation; furnace;

operating cost; seasonal performance; building heating

system; 16922.

Computer technology; information processing; per- formance evaluation; plan review; research and

development; building regulation; computer-based

systems; SP473, pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Computer-based systems; computer technology; information processing; performance evaluation; plan review;

research and development; building regulation; SP473,

pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Computerized energy analysis; energy consumption; heating and cooling loads; building energy analysis; NBSIR

76-1177.

Computerized energy analysis; energy conservation stan- dards; new building design; retrofit design; 16770.

Computerized thermal simulation; CO2 concentration; ener- gy conservation in schools; energy consumption; energy

utilization in schools; oxygen content; reduced ventilation

rate; school operation schedule; ventilation test; BSS97.

Computers; enforcement; information retrieval; inspection; management control; microfilm; building code;

building permits; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Concentrated loads; design criteria; mode of failure;

racking resistance; structural performance; uniform

loads; SP477, pp. 1-66—L69 (May 1977).

Concrete; concrete strength; construction; flexure;

progressive collapse; shear; strength; apariment building; collapse; BSS94.

Concrete; earthquake; hysteretic envelope; reinforced;

strength; columns; SP477, pp. VI-10—Vl-27 (May 1977).

64
Concrete; panels; structural integrity; buildings; collapse; SP477, pp. VI-220—VI-251 (May 1977).

Concrete block; concrete masonry; failure modes; load

capacity; masonry walls; shear walls; splitting

strength; ultimate capacity; brick; clay masonry;

BSS106, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Concrete blocks; design standards; earthquake resistant structures; masonry; bricks; buildings; Canada; BSSW6,

pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Concrete masonry; failure modes; load capacity; masonry

walls; shear walls; splitting strength; ultimate capacity; brick; clay masonry; concrete block; BSS106, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Concrete strength; construction; flexure; progressive

collapse; shear; strength; apartment building; collapse; concrete; BSS94.

Concrete testing; evaluation; innovations; in-place testing; performance approach; regulatory domination;

standards development; building codes; sp473, pp. 279-

284 (June 1977).

Condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy

measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insuLATION properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting

houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; AIR infiltration; NBSIR 77-1274.

Condensation in walls; insulating properties; thermal

conductivity; thermal insulation; 17284.

Connections; houses; masonry; piers; research; seismic;

shear walls; spandrel beams; BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept.

1977).

Connectors; design criteria; fasteners; wind; architecture; buildings; NBSIR 77-1 197. Connectors; fasteners; low-rise buildings; masonry

walls' structural design; technology transfer; timber

roofs; timber walls; wind effects; codes and standards;

BSS100-3. Constraints; costs; incentives; regulation; alternatives;

building codes; building process; SP473, pp. 17-33 (June

1977).

Construction; consumers; cost analysis; cost benefits;

housing; regulation; builder-developer; SP473, pp. 391-

396 (June 1977).

Construction; dams; earthquake; earth structures;

roads; survey; SP477, pp. VI-44—VI-49 (May 1977).

Construction; dwellings; earthquakes; seismic design

criteria; building codes; buildings; SP470, pp. VI-74—VI- 88 (Apr. 1977).

Construction; flexure; progressive collapse; shear;

strength; apartment building; collapse; concrete;

CONCRETE strength; BSS94.

Construction; health facilities; hospitals; medical facilities; medical planning; architecture; building technology; NBS/R 77-1233.

Construction; performance; preservation; rehabilitation;

renovation; adaptive reuse; architecture; building

codes; building regulations; building safety; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Construction costs; contractors; housing; rehabilitation;

standards; building codes; community development;

SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Construction industry; dimensional coordination; metrication; METRIC system; MODULAR COORDINATION; SI; BUILD- ING codes and standards; SP458.

Construction industry metrication; metrication benefits;

rationalization; technical issues in metrication; / 7040.

Construction management; design/build; life-cycle costing; project procurement; building performance; building process; building systems; SP476.

Construction materials; industrial wastes; mining wastes; MUNICIPAL waste; SLAGS; WASTE MATERIALS; COAL BY- PRODUCTS; NBSIR 77-1244.

Consumers; cost analysis; cost benefits; housing; regulation; BUILDER-DEVELOPER; CONSTRUCTION; SP473, pp. 391-

396 (June 1977).

Contact resistance; electrical connections; fire hazard;

GLOWING electrical CONNECTIONS; arcing/sparking;

branch circuit; BSS103. Contractors; housing; rehabilitation; standards; building

codes; community development; construction costs; SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Contrast rendition; hand calculator; illuminating en- gineering; light design; luminaire effectiveness; lu- minance factor; office lighting; sphere illumination;

body shadow; NBSIR 77-1303.

Control; instruments; knowledge; legislation; life safety; regulation; standards; building codes; building

safety; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Cooling; energy analysis; rnancial analysis; heating;

LOAD calculation; MIUS; modular integrated utility

system; simulation; utility services; computer programs;

NBSIR 77-1307.

Cooling; heating; laboratory accreditation; performance

criteria; solar energy; standards; buildings; 16686.

Cooling; heating; performance criteria; solar collectors;

SOLAR energy; STANDARDS; BUILDINGS; SP473, pp. 103-112

(June 1977).

Cooling and heating coefficients of performance; effective SEASONAL heating COP; heat pumps; heat pumps and

energy conservation; PART-LOAD PERFORMANCE; SEASONAL

performance factor; BSS93.

Copper wiring; military buildings; aluminum wiring;

branch circuits; nbsir 76-1184.

Cost; energy conservation; energy standards; fenestration; life-cycle Osting; retrortting; solar; building

design; 17107.

Cost analysis; cost benefits; housing; regulation; builderdeveloper; construction; consumers; SP473, pp. 391-396

(June 1977).

Cost benerts; housing; regulation; builder-developer;

construction; consumers; cost analysis; SP473, pp. 391-

396 (June 1977).

Cost effectiveness; ground motion; network design;

strong-motion record; SP477, pp. III-l —III- 15 (May

1977).

Cost savings; drainage-waste-vent; economics; life cycle;

performance standards; pipe; plumbing; reduced-size

vents; sanitary drainage system; venting; 17296.

Costs; existing structures; optimization; retrofitting;

seismic; SP477, pp. VI-69—VI-84 (May 1977).

Costs; incentives; regulation; alternatives; building

codes; building process; constraints; SP473, pp. 17-33

(June 1977).

Court orders; human behavior; institutional occupancies;

interior design; physical environment; regulation;

research; standards; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

CO2 concentration; energy conservation in schools; energy consumption; energy utilization in schools; oxygen content; reduced ventilation rate; school operation schedule; ventila- tion test; computerized thermal simulation; BSS97.

Criteria; education programs; professional competence;

building construction groups; certification; code en- forcement officials; communications; SP473, pp. 383-389

(June 1977).

Criteria; project summaries; standards; technical bases; building research; building technology; codes; SP446-1.

Criteria maintenance design evaluation; design guides;

architectural criteria; automated system; building

codes; buildings; computer applications; sp473, pp. 349-

368 (June 1977).

65
Current research; ductility; full scale testing; high-rise

masonry; scale factors; shear walls; BSS106, pp. 314-

326 (Sept. 1977).

Cyclones; disasters; structural engineering; tides; wind;

buildings; SP477, pp. V-21—V-53 (May 1977).

D

Damage; dynamic response; earthquakes; safety; shear

wall; stiffness; buildings; SP470, pp. VI-33 —VI-46 (Apr.

1977).

Damage; effects; houses; typhoon; wind speeds; SP477, pp. 11-1—11-14 (May 1977).

Damage; intensity; seismic; wooden house; classification;

SP477, pp. IV-1—IV-17 (May 1977).

Damage; structures; typhoon; wind; wind effects; SP477,

pp. V-1—V-20 (May 1977).

Damage; typhoon; wind; wind effects; SP477, pp. V-54—V59 (May 1977).

Damping; ductility; earthquake resistance; energy absorption; modulus of elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear modulus; testing; ultimate strength; anchor

bolts; bond; BSSI06, pp. 255-258 (Sept, 1977).

Dams; earthquake; earth structures; roads; survey; construction; SP477, pp. VI-44—VI-49 (May 1977).

Data; displacements; intensity; seismic records; velocity;

SP477, pp. VI-179—VI-191 (May 1977).

Data; experiment; shake table; testing; transformer; cir- cuit breaker; SP477, pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May 1977).

Data analysis; housing; lead paint; lead poisoning; surveys; X-RAY fluorescence; children; NBSIR 77-1250.

Data processing; earthquake records; strong-motion

data; accelerographs; SP470, pp. IV-53 —IV-66 (Apr.

1977).

Daylighting; energy-conservation; insulation; shading;

solar-heating; ventilation; windows; air-tightness;

BSS104.

Daylighting; infiltration; insulation; passive-solar-heating; sun-shading; ventilation; windows; / 7298.

Decision making; public policy; regulation; building

codes; SP473, pp. 203-223 (June 1977).

Decision table; decision theory; networks; specifications;

standards; system engineering; building codes; computer model; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Decision tables; graph theory; performance specifications; standards; building codes; computer programming; TN940.

Decision tables; graph theory; performance specifications; standards; building codes; computer pro- gramming; 16705.

Decision theory; networks; specifications; standards;

SYSTEM engineering; BUILDING CODES; COMPUTER MODEL;

DECISION table; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Deflection; design; flexural strength; masonry walls;

RACKING strength; SEISMIC LOADING; SHEAR STRENGTH;

SHEAR WALL; STIFFNESS; ANALYSIS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH;

BSS62.

Deflections; dynamic tests; model; structural analysis;

velocities; vibrations; arch dam; SP477, pp. VI-85 —VI- 117 (May 1977).

Density; liquefaction; sand; soils; tests; undisturbed sampling; SP477, pp. VI-14I—VI-157 (May 1977).

Design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering;

buildings; NBSIR 76-1193.

Design; dynamic analysis; masonry; shear walls; codes;

BSS106, pp. 91-1 13 (Sept. 1977).

Design; earthquakes; harbours; ports; specifications; structures; SP470, pp. VIII-42—Vin-55 (Apr. 1977).

Design; earthquakes; structural engineering; building

codes; buildings; SP477, pp. VI-61—VI-68 (May 1977).

Design; energy; legislation; solar; standards; State; architecture; buildings; NBSIR 77-1297.

Design; equivalent loads; tall buildings; wind loads;

SP477, pp. 1-49—1-65 (May 1977).

Design; experiments; nonlinear response; reinforced

concrete; bridges; SP477, pp. VI-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

Design; flexural strength; masonry walls; racking

strength; seismic loading; shear strength; shear wall;

stiffness; analysis; compressive strength; deflection;

BSS62.

Design; housing; low income; low-rise buildings; sites and

services; socio-economic; structural design; wind-resistant; architectural; BSSlOO-5.

Design criteria; earthquake resistance; masonry construction; seismic design; structural design; structural

engineering; structural research; building codes and

standards; bssi06.

Design criteria; earthquake resistance; limit states

design; masonry construction; materials testing stan- dardization; mathematical models; rehabilitation;

retrofit; seismic design; structural design; structural

research; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Design criteria; earthquakes; hospitals; schools; building

codes; building regulations; SP470, pp. VI-64 —Vl-73

(Apr. 1977).

Design criteria; fasteners; wind; architecture; buildings;

connectors; NBSIR 77-1197.

Design criteria; mode of failure; racking resistance;

structural performance; uniform loads; concentrated

loads; SP477, pp. 1-66—1-69 (May 1977).

Design criteria; probability; progressive collapse; reliability; structural engineering; uncertainty; abnormal

loading; alternate path; building code; BSS98.

Design guides; architectural criteria; automated system;

BUILDING codes; BUILDINGS; COMPUTER APPLICATIONS; CRITERIA MAINTENANCE DESIGN EVALUATION; SP473, pp. 349-

368 (June 1977).

Design guides; nuclear facilities; SP477, pp. VII-29—VII-35

(May 1977).

Design procedures; earthquake excitation of structures; earthquake resistant structures; reinforcing details;

structural walls; SP477, pp. VI-199—VI-219 (May

1977).

Design provisions; earthquakes; specifications; structural

engineering; tunnels; aseismic design criteria; SP470,

pp. VIII-56—Vin-68 (Apr. 1977).

Design review; land use; municipalities; regulation; site design; architectural controls; buildings; SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Design standards; earthquake resistant structures; masonry; bricks; buildings; Canada; concrete blocks;

flSS/06, pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Design/build; life-cycle costing; project procurement;

building performance; building process; building

systems; construction management; SP476.

Deterministic; dynamics; earthquake; probability; random

vibrations; safety; structures; SP470, pp. VI-1 —VI-21

(Apr. 1977).

Development; forecasts; growth; housing needs; projections; BSSIOO^.

Diesel engine; engine-generator efficiency; heat recovery;

performance; total energy systems; absorption chillers;

boiler performance; central utility plant; NBSIR 77- 1243.

Diesel engine performance; engine-generator efficiency;

engine-generator performance; heat recovery; total

ENERGY systems; NBSIR 77-1207.

Dimensional coordination; metrication; metric system;

modular coordination; SI; building codes and stan- dards; CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY; SP458.

66
Disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures;

HYDRAULIC structures; SEISMICITY; SOILS; STANDARDS;

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE; VESSELS AND WIND; ACCELEROGRAPH;

BRIDGES; buildings; codes; SP470.

Disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures;

nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; standards; struc- tural response; winds; accelerograph; bridges;

buildings; codes; SP477.

Disaster communication; emergency communications; fire communications; high-rise communications; high-rise

emergency; information transfer; occupant needs; sen- sory stimuli; communications; / 7036.

Disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; buildings;

design; NBSIR 76-1193.

Disaster mitigation; housing; low-rise buildings; socioeconomics; structural connections; technology

transfer; wind loads; codes and standards; BSSIOO-1 . Disaster mitigation; housing; low-rise buildings; socioeconomics; structural connections; wind loads; codes

AND standards; SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Disasters; structural engineering; tides; wind; buildings;

cyclones; SP477, pp. V-21—V-53 (May 1977).

Displacements; held tests; wind measurements; winds;

wind speed; bridges; SP470. pp. 11-20—11-46 (Apr. 1977).

Displacements; flutter; models; wind angles; wind tunnel; bridge; cabled stayed; SP470, pp. 11-47 —11-67 (Apr.

1977).

Displacements; intensity; seismic records; velocity; data;

SP477, pp. VI-179—VI-191 (May 1977).

Do-it-yourself; home construction; housing; rehabilitation;

n; remodeling; renewal; renovation; self-help; stan- dards; building codes; building regulation; NBS-GCR77-88. Door assemblies; door components; doors; frames; hardware; hinges; locks; security standards; burglary re- sistance; 16714.

Door components; doors; frames; hardware; hinges;

locks; security standards; burglary resistance; door

assemblies; 16714.

Doors; frames; hardware; hinges; locks; security stan- dards; BURGLARY RESISTANCE; DOOR ASSEMBLIES; DOOR COMPONENTS; 16714.

DRAINAGE-WASTE-VENT; ECONOMICS; LIFE CYCLE; PERFORMANCE

standards; pipe; plumbing; reduced-size vents; sanitary

drainage system; venting; cost savings; / 7296.

Drift; face shells, reinforcing splices; high lift grouting;

shotcrete, surface WAVE instrumentation; veneer anchorage; allowable bolt loads, end distance, edge

DISTANCE AND SPACING; BSS106, pp. 259-274 (Sept. 1977).

Ductility; earthquake resistance; energy absorption;

MODULUS of elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear

modulus; testing; ultimate strength; anchor bolts;

bond; damping; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Ductility; full scale testing; high-rise masonry; scale

factors; shear walls; current research; BSS106, pp. 314-326 (Sept. 1977).

Dummies; guidebook; testing; anthropomorphic dummies;

building safety; NBS-GCR-77-91

Durability; electrical; environment; housing technology;

HVAC; INNOVATIVE construction; maintainability;

materials; minimum property standards; performance

criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; appliances; at- mospheric; NBSIR 77-1316.

Durability/reliability; fire safety; rating criteria; solar

collectors; structural performance; testing

procedures; thermal performance; NBSIR 77-1305.

Dwellings; earthquakes; seismic design criteria; building

codes; buildings; construction; SP470, pp. VI-74—VI-88

(Apr. 1977).

Dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures; hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; standards; structural

response; vessels and wind; accelerograph; bridges;

buildings; codes; disaster; SP470.

Dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures; nuclear

facilities; seismicity; soils; standards; structural

response; winds; accelerograph; bridges; buildings;

CODES; disaster; SP477.

Dynamic analysis; masonry; shear walls; codes; design;

BSS106, pp. 91-113 (Sept. 1977).

Dynamic behavior; earthquakes; response spectra; soils; acceleration records; SP477, pp. III-41 —III-56 (May

1977).

Dynamic effects; high winds; roofs; typhoon; wind pres- sure; buildings; SP470, pp. 11-1—11-19 (Apr. 1977).

Dynamic loads; equivalent static force; gravity load;

handling devices; handling loads; military held shelters; probability distributions; shocks, snow load;

STATIC load; trains; transportation; trucks; vibrations;

WIND load; acceleration; airplanes; cargo; NBSIR 77- 1254.

Dynamic programming; economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markow decision

process; policy improvement algorithm; NBSIR 77-1210.

Dynamic response; earthquakes; safety; shear wall; stiff- ness; buildings; damage; SP470, pp. Vl-33 —VI-46 (Apr.

1977).

Dynamic testing; lateral load simulation; models; shake

tables; testing; SP470, pp. IX-1—lX-5 (Apr. 1977).

Dynamic tests; model; structural analysis; velocities;

vibrations; arch dam; deflections; SP477, pp. VI-85 —VI- 117 (May 1977).

Dynamic tests; nuclear reactors; oil tanks; power plants;

SHAKE table; aseismic design; SP470, pp. VII-1 —VII-6 (Apr. 1977).

Dynamics; earthquake; probability; random vibrations;

SAFETY; structures; DETERMINISTIC; SP470, pp. VI-1—VI-21

(Apr. 1977).

Dynamics; failure; roofs; wind; SP477, pp. 1-12 —1-20 (May

1977).

Dynamics; field tests; laboratory tests; relationships;

SOIL properties; SP477, pp. VI-158—Vl-178 (May 1977).

Dynamics; missiles; power plants; structural engineering;

tornadoes; trajectories; SP477, pp. VII-36—VII-41 (May

1977).

E

Earth structures; roads; survey; construction; dams;

earthquake; SP477, pp. VI-44—VI-49 (May 1977).

Earthquake; earth structures; roads; survey; construction; dams; SP477, pp. VI-44—VI-49 (May 1977).

Earthquake; hysteretic envelope; reinforced; strength;

columns; concrete; SP477, pp. VI-10—VI-27 (May 1977).

Earthquake; index; quake-sensitivity; seismic index;

seismicity; SP477, pp. IV-47—IV-54 (May 1977).

Earthquake; probability; random vibrations; safety; structures; deterministic; dynamics; SP470, pp. VI- 1—VI-21 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake; program; research; seismic; SP477, pp. VI- 28—VI-36 (May 1977).

Earthquake; research programs; seismic; testing; wind;

SP477, pp. VI-37—VI-43 (May 1977).

Earthquake damage; Guatemala earthquake; briexjes;

SP477, pp. VIII-1—VIII-27 (May 1977).

67
Earthquake damage analysis; masonry; rheology, material; BSS106, pp. 114-153 (Sept. 1977).

Earthquake data; earthquake records; field observations;

strong-motion accelerographs; accelerographs; sp470,

pp. IV-1—IV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake data; earthquake records; field stations;

strong-motion network; accelerographs; sp470, pp. iv35—IV-52 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake design; earthquake forces; seismic provisions;

SPECIFICATIONS; BRIDGES; SP470, pp. VIII-3 1 —VHI-4 1 (Apr.

1977).

Earthquake distribution; earthquakes; field data;

frequency maps; ground displacement; japan; sp470, pp.

Ill- 1—111-17 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake distributions; epicenters; maps; seismicity

index; SP470, pp. III-18—III-28 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake engineering; earthquakes; education; India; Iran; training; Turkey; SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr.

1977).

Earthquake excitation of structures; earthquake re- sistant structures; reinforcing details; structural

WALLS; DESIGN PROCEDURES; SP477, pp. VI- 1 99—VI-2 1

(May 1977).

Earthquake forces; seismic provisions; specifications; BRIDGES; earthquake DESIGN; SP470, pp. VIII-3 1 —VIII-4

(Apr. 1977).

Earthquake records; field observations; strong-motion

accelerographs; accelerographs; earthquake data;

SP470, pp. IV-1—IV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake records; field stations; strong-motion net- work; ACCELEROGRAPHS; EARTHQUAKE DATA; SP470, pp. IV- 35—IV-52 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake records; strong-motion data; accelerographs

; data processing; SP470, pp. IV-53—IV-66 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquake resistance; energy absorption; modulus of

elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear modulus;

testing; ultimate strength; anchor bolts; bond; damping; ductility; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Earthquake resistance; limit states design; masonry construction; MATERIALS TESTING STANDARDIZATION; MATHEMATICAL models; rehabilitation; retroht; seismic design;

STRUCTURAL DESIGN; STRUCTURAL RESEARCH; BUILDING CODES

AND STANDARDS; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Earthquake resistance; masonry construction; seismic DESIGN; structural DESIGN; STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING;

structural research; BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS;

DESIGN criteria; BSSI06.

Earthquake resistant structures; masonry; bricks;

buildings; Canada; concrete blocks; design standards;

BSS106, pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Earthquake resistant structures; reinforcing details;

structural walls; design procedures; earthquake ex- citation OF STRUCTURES; SP477, pp. VI-199—VI-2 19 (May

1977).

Earthquakes; education; India; Iran; training; Turkey;

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING; SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr.

1977).

Earthquakes; engineering; buildings; design; disaster

mitigation; NBSIR 76-1193.

Earthquakes; epicentral distance; liquefaction; settlement; soils; alluvial deposits; SP470, pp. V-1 —V-15

(Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; field data; frequency maps; ground dis- placement; Japan; earthquake distribution; SP470, pp. III-l—111-17 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; ground failures; hydraulic structures;

seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; ves- sels and wind; accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes;

disaster; dynamic analysis; SP470.

Earthquakes; ground failures; nuclear facilities; seismici- ty; SOILS; standards; structural response; winds; ac- celerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; SP477.

Earthquakes; ground motion; records; results; seismometers; arrays; SP477, pp. III-16—III-25 (May 1977).

Earthquakes; harbours; ports; specifications; structures;

design; SP470, pp. VIII-42—Vni-55 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; highway brickies; seismic provisions; specifications; STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING; SP470, pp. VIII- 1 —VIII- 30 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; hospitals; schools; building codes; building

regulations; design criteria; SP470, pp. VI-64 —VI-73

(Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; hydraulic structures; inspection; instrumentation; STRONG-MOTION ACCELEROGRAPHS; SP470, pp. VI-47—VI-63 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; liquefaction; sand layer; shake table; vibration tests; void ratios; SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr.

1977).

Earthquakes; natural disasters; structural engineering;

buildings; building codes; sp490.

Earthquakes; research; structural engineering; structures; buildings; SP470, pp. IX-6—IX-16 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; response spectra; soils; acceleration

records; dynamic behavior; SP477, pp. III-41 —III-56 (May

1977).

Earthquakes; safety; shear wall; stiffness; buildings;

damage; dynamic response; SP470, pp. VI-33 —VI-46 (Apr.

1977).

Earthquakes; seismic design criteria; building codes;

buildings; construction; dwellings; SP470, pp. VI- 74—VI-88 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; specircations; structural engineering; tunnels; ASEISMIC design CRITERIA; DESIGN PROVISIONS; SP470,

pp. VIII-56—Vni-68 (Apr. 1977).

Earthquakes; structural engineering; building codes;

buildings; design; SP477, pp. VI-61— Vl-68 (May 1977).

Economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markow decision process; policy improvement

algorithm; dynamic programming; NBSIR 77-1210.

Economic efhciency; economics; energy; energy conservation; LIFE-CYCLE COST; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE STAN- dards; resource impact factors; resources; social op- timum; standards; building economics; 17302.

Economic impact; electric shock; ground fault circuit in- terrupters; NATIONAL electric CODE; SAFETY REGULATIONS;

standards; accidents; beneht-cost analysis; building

codes; building economics; building regulations; SP473,

pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory research; standards development; administrative procedures; building codes; building regulations; buildings; SP473.

Economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact

factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building

economics; economic efrciency; 17302.

Economics; energy conservation; instrumentation; recu- perators; waste; boilers; H121.

Economics; life cycle; performance standards; pipe;

plumbing; reduced-size vents; sanitary drainage system;

venting; cost savings; drainage-waste-vent; 17296.

Education; housing demand; innovation; regulatory barriers; residential construction; unionization; building

official; building regulation; SP473, pp. 113-135 (June

1977).

Education; India; Iran; training; Turkey; earthquake en- gineering; earthquakes; SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr.

1977).

Education; research; research programs; wind engineering; wind studies; SP470, pp. II- 1—11-10 (Apr. 1977).

68
Education programs; professional competence; building

construction groups; certification; code enforcement

officials; communications; criteria; sp473, pp. 383-389

(June 1977).

Effective seasonal heating COP; heat pumps; heat pumps

AND ENERGY CONSERVATION; PART-LOAD PERFORMANCE;

SEASONAL PERFORMANCE FACTOR; COOLING AND HEATING

COEFFICIENTS OF PERFORMANCE; BSS93

.

Effects; houses; typhoon; wind speeds; damage; SP477, pp. H-l—II-U (May 1977).

Electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters; na- tional ELECTRIC code; SAFETY REGULATIONS; STANDARDS; ACCIDENTS; benefit-cost ANALYSIS; BUILDING CODES; BUILDING

ECONOMICS; BUILDING REGULATIONS; ECONOMIC IMPACT; SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Electrical; environment; housing technology; HVAC; in- novative construction; maintainability; materials;

MINIMUM property STANDARDS; PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; PER- FORMANCE evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Electrical connections; fire hazard; glowing electrical

connections; arcing/sparking; branch circuit; contact

resistance; BSS103.

Electrical heating elements; materials performance; radiant panel-seamless flooring system; seamless flooring;

temperature characteristics; NBSIR 77-1263.

Emergency communications; fire communications; highrise communications; high-rise emergency; information

transfer; occupant needs; sensory stimuli; communications; disaster communication; / 7036.

Emergency egress; exit capacity; fire safety; human per- formance; occupational safety; regulatory data;

architectural psychology; architectural research;

building codes; building design; building fires; building

regulatory standards; NBSIR 77-1313.

Emergency egress; HUD; mobile home; racking; research;

safety; standard; window; NBSIR 77-1246.

Enabling legislation; physically handicapped; regu .ation; accessibility standards; building code; code administration; communication; SP473, pp. 241-251 (June 1977).

Energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building

economics; economic efficiency; economics; 17302.

Energy; legislation; solar; standards; State; architecture; buildings; design; NBSIR 77-1297.

Energy; radiation; solar; computer; BSS96.

Energy absorption; modulus of elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear modulus; testing; ultimate

strength; anchor bolts; bond; damping; ductility;

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Energy analysis; financial anaiysis; heating; load calculation; MIUS; modular integrated utility system; simulation; UTILITY SERVICES; COMPUTER PROGRAMS; COOLING;

NBSIR 77-1307.

Energy conservation; energy efficiency; energy per- formance; MODEL codes; STANDARDS; BUILDING CODES;

17290.

Energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings;

HEAT-LOSS reduction; INSULATION PROPERTIES; RESIDENTIAL heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity;

thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration;

condensation in buildings; nbsir 77-1274.

Energy conservation; energy standards; fenestration;

life-cycle costing; retrofitting; solar; building design; cost; 17107.

Energy conservation; energy surveys; infrared; nondestructive evaluation; thermographic surveys; thermography; 16901.

Energy conservation; enforcement; legislation; regulations; SOLAR energy; STANDARDS; STATE-OF-THE-ART STUDY;

buildings; NBSIR 77-1259.

Energy conservation; engineering; human factor; resource impact factors; building; building environment; / 71 10. Energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markow

decision process; policy improvement algorithm; dynamic programming; economic analysis; NBSIR 77-1210.

Energy conservation; evaluation; inspection; retrofit;

thermography; buildings; 16902.

Energy conservation; fly ashes; mineral waste utilization; slags; cement manufacture; / 7010.

Energy conservation; furnace; operating cost; seasonal

performance; building heating system; computer simulation; /6922.

Energy conservation; illumination; illumination levels; lighting; task lighting; 1 7293.

Energy conservation; instrumentation; recuperators;

waste; boilers; economics; H121.

Energy conservation; intermittent ventilation; ventilation control; weather data analysis; air conditioning

requirements; NBSIR 76-1088.

Energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; per- formance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building

economics; economic efficiency; economics; energy;

17302.

Energy conservation; minimum property standards; multiple glazing; "U" values; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75;

building standards; buildings; SP473, pp. 85-101 (June

1977).

Energy conservation; mobile home; part-load efficiency;

thermography; air infiltration; NBSIR 76-1182.

Energy conservation; regulatory community; standards;

buildings; codes; 171 1 1. Energy conservation; shading coefficient; solar heat

gain; window design; climatic data; cloud cover modifier; 17341.

Energy conservation base; insulation; residential design

practices; typical construction characteristics; typical

NEW HOUSE materials; windows; building envelope;

NBSIR 77-1309.

Energy conservation in schools; energy consumption;

energy utilization in schools; oxygen content; reduced

ventilation rate; school operation schedule; ventilation test; computerized thermal simulation; CO2 concentration; BSS97.

Energy conservation standards; new building design;

RETROFIT design; COMPUTERIZED ENERGY ANALYSIS; 16770.

Energy conserving buildings; energy legislation; energy

performance criteria; energy performance standards;

codes and standards; 17289.

Energy consumption; energy utilization in schools; ox- ygen CONTENT; REDUCED VENTILATION RATE; SCHOOL OPERATION schedule; VENTILATION TEST; COMPUTERIZED THERMAL

SIMULATION; CO2 concentration; energy conservation in schools; BSS97.

Energy consumption; heating and cooling loads; building

ENERGY analysis; COMPUTERIZED ENERGY ANALYSIS; NBSIR

76-1177.

Energy consumption; input/output models; lifestyle fac- tors; PHYSICAL environment; RESIDENTIAL HOUSING; SOCIO- PHYSiCAL determinants; systems theory; SP473, pp. 69-83

(June 1977).

Energy efficiency; energy performance; model codes;

standards; building codes; energy conservation; / 7290.

Energy legislation; energy performance criteria; energy

performance standards; codes and standards; energy

conserving buildings; 17289.

69
Energy management; evaluation and monitoring; survey

OF buildings; Air Force facilities; building energy conservation; 17062.

Energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction;

insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal in- sulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation

IN BUILDINGS; energy CONSERVATION; NBSIR 77-1274.

Energy performance; model codes; standards; building

CODES; energy conservation; energy efficiency; 17290.

Energy performance criteria; energy performance stan- dards; CODES AND standards; ENERGY CONSERVING

buildings; energy legislation; / 7289.

Energy performance standards; codes and standards;

energy conserving buildings; energy legislation; energy

performance criteria; / 7289.

Energy standards; fenestration; life-cycle costing;

retrofitting; solar; building design; cost; energy conservation; 17107.

Energy surveys; infrared; nondestructive evaluation;

thermographic surveys; thermography; energy conservation; 16901.

Energy utilization in schools; oxygen content; reduced

ventilation rate; school operation schedule; ventilation test; computerized thermal simulation; CO2 concentration; energy conservation in schools; energy consumption;

BSS97.

Energy-conservation; insulation; shading; solar-heating;

ventilation; windows; air-tightness; daylighting;

BSS104.

Enforcement; funding; local government; model codes;

state-local relations; statewide codes; uniformity;

building regulation; code administration; sp473 , pp. 225-240 (June 1977).

Enforcement; information retrieval; inspection; management CONTROL; microfilm; building CODE; BUILDING PERMITS; computers; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Enforcement; legislation; regulations; solar energy;

standards; state-of-the-art study; buildings; energy

conservation; NBSIR 77-1259.

Enforcement; legislation; rules and regulations; state- wide codes; summary tables; building construction;

building regulations; cities; code uniformity; NBS/R 77- 1390. , Engineering; buildings; design; disaster mitigation;

earthquakes; NBSIR 76-1193.

Engineering; human factor; resource impact factors;

building; building environment; energy conservation;

17110.

Engine-generator efficiency; engine-generator per- formance; HEAT recovery; TOTAL ENERGY SYSTEMS; DIESEL engine performance; NBSIR 77-1207.

Engine-generator efficiency; heat recovery; performance;

TOTAL energy SYSTEMS; ABSORPTION CHILLERS; BOILER PER- FORMANCE; CENTRAL UTILITY PLANT; DIESEL ENGINE; NBSIR

77-1243.

Engine-generator performance; heat recovery; total

ENERGY systems; DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE; ENGINE- generator efficiency; nbsir 77-1207.

Environment; housing technology; HVAC; innovative

CONSTRUCTION; maintainability; MATERIALS; MINIMUM PRO- PERTY standards; PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION; PLUMBING; SAFETY; STRUCTURES; TEST METHODS;

ACOUSTICS; APPLIANCES; ATMOSPHERIC; DURABILITY; ELECTRI- CAL; NBSIR 77-1316.

Environment; land use; natural system; performance

standards; regulatory process; building codes; carryING capacity; SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Environmental considerations; innovative practices;

regulatory research; standards development; adminis- TRATIVE procedures; building codes; building regulations; BUILDINGS; economic IMPACTS; SP473.

Environmental studies; fire safety; health dangers;

research needs; codes and standards; SP473, pp. 35-53

(June 1977).

Epicenters; maps; seismicity index; earthquake distributions; SP470, pp. 111-18—111-28 (Apr. 1977).

Epicentral distance; liquefaction; settlement; soils; alluvial deposits; earthquakes; SP470, pp. V-1 —V-15 (Apr.

1977).

Equipment maintenance; Markow decision process; policy

improvement algorithm; dynamic programming;

economic analysis; energy conservation; NBSIR 77-1210.

Equivalent loads; tall buildings; wind loads; design;

5^477, pp. 1-49—1-65 (May 1977).

Equivalent static force; gravity load; handling devices;

handling loads; military field shelters; probability dis- tributions; shocks, snow load; static load; trains;

transportation; trucks; vibrations; wind load; ac- celeration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads; NBSIR 77- 1254.

Evaluation; innovations; in-place testing; performance

approach; regulatory domination; standards development; building codes; concrete testing; SP473, pp. 279-

284 (June 1977).

Evaluation; inspection; retrofit; thermography;

buildings; energy conservation; 16902.

Evaluation and monitoring; survey of buildings; Air

Force facilities; building energy conservation; energy

management; 17062.

Existing buildings; historic preservation; performance at- tributes; performance evaluation; building codes and

standards; building code structure; SP473, pp. 453-489

(June 1977).

Existing structures; optimization; retrortting; seismic; costs; SP477, pp. VI-69—VI-84 (May 1977).

Exit capacity; fire safety; human performance; occupational safety; regulatory data; architectural

psychology; architectural research; building codes;

building design; building fires; building regulatory

standards; emergency egress; NBSIR 77-1313.

Experiment; shake table; testing; transformer; circuit

breaker; data; SP477 , pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May 1977).

Experiments; nonlinear response; reinforced concrete;

bridges; design; SP477, pp. VI-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

Extra-tropical storms; hurricanes; thunderstroms; tor- nadoes; wind; wind damage; SP477, pp. 11-15 —11-29 (May

1977).

F

Face shells, reinforcing splices; high lift grouting;

shotcrete, surface wave instrumentation; veneer anchorage; allowable bolt loads, end distance, edge

distance and spacing; drift; BSS106, pp. 259-274 (Sept.

1977).

Failure; roofs; wind; dynamics; SP477, pp. 1-12—1-20 (May

1977).

Failure modes; load capacity; masonry walls; shear

walls; splitting strength; ultimate capacity; brick;

clay masonry; concrete block; concrete masonry;

BSS106, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977). Fasteners; low-rise buildings; masonry walls' structural

design; technology transfer; timber roofs; timber

walls; wind effects; codes and standards; connectors;

BSS100-3. Fasteners; wind; architecture; buildings; connectors;

DESIGN criteria; NBSIR 77-1197.

Fenestration; life-cycle costing; retrohtting; solar;

BUILDING design; COST; ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY

standards; 17107.

70
Fibrous-glass insulation; vapor condensation; air,

MOISTURE and HEAT TRANSFER THEORY; COLD STORAGE INSU- LATION; / 7340.

Field data; frequency maps; ground displacement; Japan;

earthquake distribution; earthquakes; sp470, pp. iii- 1—III- 17 (Apr. 1977).

Field measurements; model; towers; wind; wind observation; WIND tunnel; SP470, pp. I-l—1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Field observations; strong-motion accelerographs; ac- celerographs; earthquake data; earthquake records;

SP470, pp. IV-1—IV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Field stations; strong-motion network; accelerographs;

earthquake data; earthquake records; sp470, pp. iv35_IV-52 (Apr. 1977).

Field studies; high winds; instrumentation; Philippines;

WIND tunnel test; SP470, pp. X-1—X-1 1 (Apr. 1977).

Field tests; laboratory tests; relationships; soil properties; dynamics; SP477, pp. VI-158—VI-178 (May 1977).

Field tests; wind measurements; winds; wind speed;

bridges; displacements; SP470, pp. 11-20—11-46 (Apr.

1977).

Financial analysis; heating; load calculation; MIUS;

modular integrated utility system; simulation; utility

services; computer programs; cooling; energy analysis;

NBSIR 77-130.7. Fire behavior; high-rise buildings; occupant behavior in fires; simulated behavior; building fires; nbs-gcr-77-

92. Fire communications; high-rise communications; high-rise

emergency; information transfer; occupant needs; sen- sory stimuli; communications; disaster communication;

emergency communications; / 7036.

Fire endurance; fire tests; probability theory; reinforced

concrete; reliability; statistical analysis; structural

engineering; 17303.

Fire hazard; glowing electrical connections; arcing/sparking; branch circuit; contact resistance; electrical connections; BSS103.

Fire safety; health dangers; research needs; codes and

standards; environmental studies; SP473, pp. 35-53

(June 1977).

Fire safety; human performance; occupational safety;

regulatory data; architectural psychology; architectural research; building codes; building design; building fires; building regulatory standards; emergency

egress; exit capacity; NBS/R 77-1313.

Fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors; structural

performance; testing procedures; thermal performance;

durability/reliability; NBSIR 77-1305.

Fire tests; probability theory; reinforced concrete; reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering; fire endurance; 17303.

Fire tornados; tornado model; tornados; wind speed;

fires; SP470, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Fires; fire tornados; tornado model; tornados; wind

speed; SP470, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Flexural strength; masonry walls; racking strength;

seismic loading; shear strength; shear wall; stiffness;

analysis; compressive strength; deflection; design;

BSS62.

Flexure; progressive collapse; shear; strength; apartment building; collapse; concrete; concrete strength;

construction; BSS94.

Floor treatments; shoe sole and heel materials; slip-resistance tester; walkway surfaces; waxes and polishes;

flooring; TN953.

Flooring; floor treatments; shoe sole and heel materials; slip-resistance tester; walkway surfaces; waxes AND polishes; TN953.

Flutter; models; wind angles; wind tunnel; bridge; ca- bled stayed; displacements; SP470, pp. 11-47—11-67 (Apr.

1977).

Fly ash; specifications; blended cements; 16768.

Fly ashes; mineral waste utilization; slags; cement manufacture; energy conservation; 17010.

Foam insulation; insulation; materials properties; per- formance; urea-formaldehyde; cellular plastics;

TN946.

Forecasts; growth; housing needs; projections; development; BSSlOO-4.

Foundation; lateral loads; sheet piles; structural analysis; tests; SP470, pp. VII-7—VII-60 (Apr. 1977).

Frames; hardware; hinges; locks; security standards; burglary resistance; door assemblies; door components;

doors; 16714.

Frequency maps; ground displacement; Japan; earthquake

distribution; earthquakes; field data; SP470, pp. III- 1—III-17 (Apr. 1977).

Frequency response; least weight; optimization; structures; SP470, pp. VI-22—VI-32 (Apr. 1977).

Frost-point measuring apparatus; moisture condensation;

SEAL durability AND LONGEVITY; SEALED INSULATING GLASS; ASTM Test Standard for insulating glass; / 7286.

Fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties;

residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; THERMAL INSULATION; THERMOGRAPHY; AIR INFIL- tration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; nbsir 77-1274.

Full scale testing; high-rise masonry; scale factors;

shear walls; current research; ductility; bss106, pp. 314-326 (Sept. 1977).

Full-scale testing; mobile homes; wind loads; aerodynamics; BUILDINGS; SP477, pp. 1-21—1-33 (May 1977).

Funding; local government; model codes; state-local

RELATIONS; statewide CODES; UNIFORMITY; BUILDING REGULATION; CODE ADMINISTRATION; ENFORCEMENT; SP473, pp. 225-

240 (June 1977).

Furnace; operating cost; seasonal performance; building

HEATING system; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ENERGY CONSERVATION; 16922.

G

Glowing electrical connections; arcing/sparking; branch

circuit; contact resistance; electrical connections; fire hazard; BSS103.

Graph theory; performance specifications; standards;

building codes; computer programming; decision tables;

TN940.

Graph theory; performance specifications; standards;

building codes; computer programming; decision tables;

16705.

Gravity load; handling devices; handling loads; military

field shelters; probability distributions; shocks, snow

load; static load; trains; transportation; trucks; vibrations; WIND load; acceleration; airplanes; cargo;

dynamic loads; equivalent static force; NBSIR 77-1254.

Gravity quaywall; rock motion; seismic coefficient; ac- celeration; accelerogram; SP477, pp. VI- 192—VI- 198

(May 1977).

Ground displacement; Japan; earthquake distribution;

earthquakes; field data; frequency maps; SP470, pp. III1 —III- 17 (Apr. 1977).

Ground failures; hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; vessels and wind; ac- celerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; SP470.

71
Ground failures; nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; stan- dards; STRUCTURAL RESPONSE; WINDS; ACCELEROGRAPH;

BRIDGES; buildings; CODES; DISASTER; DYNAMIC ANALYSIS; earthquakes; sp477.

Ground fault circuit interrupters; national electric

code; safety regulations; standards; accidents; benefitcost analysis; building codes; building economics; building regulations; economic impact; electric shock;

SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Ground motion; network design; strong-motion record;

cost effectiveness; SP477, pp. lll-l —111-15 (May 1977).

Ground motion; records; results; seismometers; arrays;

earthquakes; SP477, pp. Ill- 1 6—III-25 (May 1977).

Growth; housing needs; projections; development;

forecasts; BSSIOO^.

Guatemala earthquake; bridges; earthquake damage;

SP477, pp. VIII-1—VIIl-27 (May 1977).

Guidebook; testing; anthropomorphic dummies; building

safety; dummies; NBS-GCR-77-91 . H

Hand calculator; illuminating engineering; light design;

luminaire effectiveness; luminance factor; office

lighting; sphere illumination; body shadow; contrast

RENDITION; NBSIR 77-1303.

Handling devices; handling loads; military field shelters;

probability distributions; shocks, snow load; static

load; TRAINS; TRANSPORTATION; TRUCKS; VIBRATIONS; WIND

LOAD; ACCELERATION; AIRPLANES; CARGO; DYNAMIC LOADS;

equivalent STATIC FORCE; GRAVITY LOAD; NBSIR 77-1254.

Handling loads; military field shelters; probability dis- tributions; SHOCKS, SNOW load; static load; trains;

transportation; trucks; vibrations; wind load; ac- celeration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent

static force; gravity load; handling devices; NBSIR 77- 1254.

Harbours; ports; specifications; structures; design;

earthquakes; SP470, pp. VIII-42—VIII-55 (Apr. 1977).

Hardware; hinges; locks; security standards; burglary

resistance; door assemblies; door components; doors;

frames; 16714.

Health dangers; research needs; codes and standards; en- vironmental studies; fire safety; SP473, pp. 35-53 (June

1977).

Health facilities; hospitals; medical facilities; medical

planning; architecture; building technology; construction; NBSIR 77-1233.

Heat loss; infrared television system; heat-flow

reference pad; / 7335.

Heat pump; load-calculation; rating; residential; space

heating; testing; air conditioning; comfort; 1 7006.

Heat pumps; heat pumps and energy conservation; partload performance; seasonal performance factor; cooling AND HEATING COEFFICIENTS OF PERFORMANCE; EFFECTIVE seasonal heating COP; BSS93.

Heat pumps and energy conservation; part-load per- formance; seasonal performance factor; cooling and

HEATING coefficients OF PERFORMANCE; EFFECTIVE SEASONAL

heating cop; heat pumps; bss93.

Heat recovery; performance; total energy systems; ab- sorption CHILLERS; BOILER PERFORMANCE; CENTRAL UTILITY plant; DIESEL ENGINE; ENGINE-GENERATOR EFFICIENCY; NBSIR 77-1243.

Heat recovery; total energy systems; diesel engine per- formance; ENGINE-GENERATOR EFFICIENCY; ENGINE-GENERATOR performance; NBSIR 77-1207.

Heat-flow measurements; infrared heat-loss measurement

technique; measurement technology; thermography;

TN933.

Heat-flow reference pad; heat loss; infrared television

system; 1 7335.

Heating; laboratory accreditation;- performance criteria;

solar energy; standards; buildings; cooling; 16686.

Heating; load calculation; MIUS; modular integrated

utility system; simulation; utility services; computer

programs; cooling; energy analysis; financial analysis;

NBSIR 77-1307.

Heating; performance criteria; solar collectors; solar

energy; standards; buildings; cooling; SP473, pp. 103- 112 (June 1977).

Heating and cooling loads; building energy analysis;

computerized energy analysis; energy consumption;

NBSIR 76-1177.

Heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential

HEAT loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity;

thermal insulation; thermography; air inrltration;

condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy

measurements; fuel savings; NBSIR 77-1274.

High lift grouting; shotcrete, surface wave instrumentation; veneer anchorage; allowable bolt loads, end

distance, edge distance and spacing; drift; face shells,

reinforcing splices; BSS106, pp. 259-274 (Sept. 1977).

High winds; instrumentation; Philippines; wind tunnel

test; field studies; SP470, pp. X-1—X-1 1 (Apr. 1977).

High winds; roofs; typhoon; wind pressure; buildings;

dynamic effects; SP470, pp. II- 1—11-19 (Apr. 1977).

High-rise buildings; occupant behavior in fires; simulated

behavior; building fires; fire behavior; NBS-GCR-77-92.

High-rise communications; high-rise emergency; information transfer; occupant needs; sensory stimuli; communications; disaster communication; emergency communications; fire communications; 17036.

High-rise emergency; information transfer; occupant

needs; sensory stimuli; communications; disaster communication; emergency communications; fire communications; high-rise communications; 17036.

High-rise masonry; scale factors; shear walls; current

research; ductility; full scale testing; BSS106, pp. 314-

326 (Sept. 1977).

Highway bridges; seismic provisions; specifications; struc- tural engineering; earthquakes; SP470, pp. VIII-l —VIII- 30 (Apr. 1977).

Hinges; locks; security standards; burglary resistance;

door assemblies; door components; doors; frames; hard- ware; 16714.

Historic preservation; performance attributes; per- formance evaluation; building codes and standards;

building code structure; existing buildings; SP473, pp. 453-489 (June 1977).

Home construction; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling;

renewal; renovation; self-help; standards; building

codes; building regulation; do-it-yourself; NBS-GCR77-88. Honeycomb panel construction; relocatable buildings;

wind-load racking; air leakage of buildings; building

heat transfer; NBSIR 76-1178.

Hospitals; medical facilities; medical planning; architecture; building technology; construction; health facilities; NBSIR 77-1233.

Hospitals; schools; building codes; building regulations;

design criteria; earthquakes; SP470, pp. VI-64—VI-73

(Apr. 1977).

Houses; masonry; piers; research; seismic; shear walls;

spandrel beams; connections; BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept.

1977).

Houses; typhoon; wind speeds; damage; effects; SP477, pp. 11-1—11-14 (May 1977).

72
Housing; hurricanes; pressure coefficients; probability

distribution functions; risk; statistical analysis; storms; STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING; TROPICAL STORMS; WIND

loads; wind speeds; building codes; buildings; codes and

STANDARDS; BSS100-2. Housing; lead paint; lead poisoning; surveys; x-ray

fluorescence; children; data analysis; NBSIR 77-1250.

Housing; low income; low-rise buildings; sites and services; socio-economic; structural design; wind-resistant; architectural; design; BSSWO-5.

Housing; low-rise buildings; socio-economics; structural

connections; technology transfer; wind loads; codes

AND standards; DISASTER MITIGATION; BSSIOO-1

.

Housing; low-rise buildings; socio-economics; structural

connections; wind loads; codes and standards; disaster

mitigation; SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Housing; regulation; builder-developer; construction; consumers; cost analysis; cost benefits; SP473, pp. 391-

396 (June 1977).

Housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; residential; urban

renewal; building codes; NBS-GCR-77-87.

Housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; renewal; renovation; self-help; standards; building codes; building

regulation; do-it-yourself; home construction; NBSGCR-77-88.

Housing; rehabilitation; standards; building codes; community DEVELOPMENT; CONSTRUCTION COSTS; CONTRACTORS;

SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Housing demand; innovation; regulatory barriers; re- sidential CONSTRUCTION; UNIONIZATION; BUILDING OFFICIAL; building regulation; education; SP473, pp. 1 13-135 (June

1977).

Housing needs; projections; development; forecasts;

growth; BSS1 00-4. Housing technology; HVAC; innovative construction;

maintainability; materials; minimum property standards;

performance criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; ap- pliances; atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; NBSIR 77-1316.

HUD; mobile home; racking; research; safety; standard;

window; emergency egress; NBSIR 77-1246.

HUD Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Program; total energy; utility systems; abstracted reports

and articles; SP489.

Human behavior; institutional occupancies; interior

design; physical environment; regulation; research;

standards; court orders; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Human factor; resource impact factors; building; building environment; energy conservation; engineering;

17110.

Human performance; occupational safety; regulatory

data; architectural psychology; architectural

research; building codes; building design; building

HRES; building regulatory standards; emergency egress;

EXIT capacity; fire safety; NBSIR 77-1313.

Hurricane; storm surge; tropical storms; wind; wind

data; wind speed; SP470, pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Hurricanes; loads (forces); natural analysis; tall

buildings; wind profiles; boundary layer; SP477, pp. II- 30—11-40 (May 1977).

Hurricanes; pressure coefficients; probability distribution

functions; risk; statistical analysis; storms; structural

engineering; tropical storms; wind loads; wind speeds;

BUILDING codes; buildings; codes and standards; housing; BSS100-2. Hurricanes; thunderstroms; tornadoes; wind; wind

damage; extra-tropical storms; SP477, pp. 11-15 —11-29 (May 1977).

HVAC; INNOVATIVE construction; maintainability; materials; MINIMUM property STANDARDS; PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; performance EVALUATION; PLUMBING; SAFETY; STRUCTURES;

TEST methods; acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; housing technology;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Hydraulic structures; inspection; instrumentation;

strong-motion accelerographs; earthquakes; SP470, pp. VI-47—VI-63 (Apr. 1977).

Hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; standards; struc- tural response; vessels and wind; accelerograph;

bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis;

earthquakes; ground failures; SP470.

Hysteretic envelope; reinforced; strength; columns;

concrete; earthquake; SP477, pp. VI-10—VI-27 (May

1977).

I

Illuminating engineering; light design; luminaire effec- tiveness; luminance factor; office lighting; sphere illu- mination; BODY shadow; contrast RENDITION; HAND CALCULATOR; NBSIR 77-1303.

Illumination; illumination levels; lighting; task lighting;

energy conservation; 17293.

Illumination levels; lighting; task lighting; energy conservation; illumination; 17293.

Incentives; regulation; alternatives; building codes;

BUILDING process; CONSTRAINTS; COSTS; SP473, pp. 17-33

(June 1977).

Index; quake-sensitivity; seismic index; seismicity;

earthquake; SP477, pp. lV-47—IV-54 (May 1977).

India; Iran; training; Turkey; earthquake engineering;

earthquakes; education; SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr.

1977).

Industrial wastes; mining wastes; municipal waste; slags;

waste materials; coal by-products; construction

materials; NBSIR 77-1244.

Infiltration; insulation; passive-solar-heating; sun-shading; ventilation; windows; daylighting; 17298.

Information processing; performance evaluation; plan

review; research and development; building regulation;

computer-based systems; computer technology; SP473,

pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Information retrieval; inspection; management control;

microfilm; building code; building permits; computers;

enforcement; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Information transfer; occupant needs; sensory stimuli;

communications; disaster communication; emergency

communications; fire communications; high-rise communications; high-rise emergency; 17036.

Infrared; nondestructive evaluation; thermographic surveys; thermography; energy conservation; energy surveys; 16901.

Infrared heat-loss measurement technique; measurement

technology; thermography; heat-flow measurements;

TN933.

Infrared television system; heat-flow reference pad; heat

loss; / 7335.

Innovation; regulatory barriers; residential construction; unionization; building official; building regulation; education; housing demand; SP473, pp. 113-135

(June 1977).

Innovations; in-place testing; performance approach;

regulatory domination; standards development; building codes; concrete testing; evaluation; SP473, pp. 279-

284 (June 1977).

73
Innovative construction; maintainability; materials;

minimum property standards; performance criteria; per- FORMANCE evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test METHODS; acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability;

electrical; environment; housing technology; HVAC;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Innovative practices; regulatory research; standards

development; administrative procedures; building

codes; building regulations; buildings; economic im- pacts; environmental considerations; SP473.

In-place testing; performance approach; regulatory

domination; standards development; building codes;

concrete testing; evaluation; innovations; SP473, pp. 279-284 (June 1977).

Input/output models; lifestyle factors; physical environment; residential housing; socio-physical determinants;

systems theory; energy consumption; SP473, pp. 69-83

(June 1977).

Inspection; instrumentation; strong-motion acceleroGRAPHS; earthquakes; hydraulic structures; SP470, pp. Vl-47—VI-63 (Apr. 1977).

Inspection; management control; microrlm; building

code; building permits; computers; enforcement; information retrieval; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Inspection; retrofit; thermography; buildings; energy

conservation; evaluation; 16902.

Institutional factors; Modular Integrated Utility

System; total energy; utility system; NBSIR 76-1103.

Institutional occupancies; interior design; physical en- vironment; regulation; research; standards; court orders; HUMAN BEHAVIOR; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Instrumental methods; metallic artifacts; microstructural analysis; nondestructive evaluation techniques;

compositional ANALYSIS; 16712.

Instrumentation; Philippines; wind tunnel test; field studies; HIGH winds; SP470, pp. X-1—X-1 1 (Apr. 1977).

Instrumentation; recuperators; waste; boilers; economics;

ENERGY conservation; H121

.

Instrumentation; strong-motion accelerographs;

-•earthquakes; hydraulic structures; inspection; SP470,

pp. VI-47—VI-63 (Apr. 1977).

Instruments; knowledge; legislation; life safety; regulation; standards; building codes; building safety; control; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Instruments; strong motion; buildings; SP477, pp. III- 26—III-40 (May 1977).

Insulating properties; thermal conductivity; thermal in- sulation; condensation in walls; 17284.

Insulation; materials properties; performance; urea-formaldehyde; CELLULAR plastics; FOAM INSULATION; TN946.

Insulation; passive-solar-heating; sun-shading; ventilation; windows; daylighting; infiltration; 17298.

Insulation; performance; radiative cooling; roorng;

solar heating; surface temperature; built-up roohng;

1W60.

Insulation; performance; radiative cooling; roohng;

SOLAR heating; surface temperature; built-up roohng;

17061.

Insulation; residential design practices; typical construction characteristics; typical new house materials; windows; BUILDING ENVELOPE; ENERGY CONSERVATION BASE; NBSIR 77-1309.

Insulation; shading; solar-heating; ventilation; windows;

air-tightness; daylighting; energy-conservation;

BSS104.

Insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting

HOUSES; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air inrltration; condensation in buildings;

energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel

savings; heat-loss reduction; NBSIR 77-1274.

Intensity; seismic; wooden house; classification; damage;

SP477, pp. IV-1—IV-17 (May 1977).

Intensity; seismic records; velocity; data; displacements;

SP477, pp. VI-179—VI-191 (May 1977).

Interior design; physical environment; regulation;

research; standards; court orders; human behavior; in- stitutional occupancies; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Intermittent hot water exposure tests of thermoplastic

pipe; pressure shock in thermoplastic pipe; water

hammer in thermoplastic pipe; NBSIR 77-1261.

Intermittent ventilation; ventilation control; weather

DATA analysis; AIR CONDITIONING REQUIREMENTS; ENERGY

conservation; NBSIR 76-1088.

International System of Units (SI); metricdesign and construction; recommended SI practice; TN938.

Iran; training; Turkey; earthquake engineering;

earthquakes; education; India; SP470, pp. X-1 2 —X-1

6

(Apr. 1977).

J

Japan; earthquake distribution; earthquakes; field data;

frequency maps; ground displacement; SP470, pp. III- 1—III-17 (Apr. 1977).

K

K PROPERTY; property; soil; stiffness; testing; bore hole;

SP477, pp. VI-1 18—VI-140 (May 1977).

Key word-author indexes; publication abstracts; bibliography; building technology publications; Center for

Building Technology; SP457-1

.

Knowledge; legislation; life safety; regulation; stan- dards; building codes; building safety; control; instru- ments; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

KOLLSMAN TESTER; NBS-BrUNGRABER TESTER; SAFETY OF

bathrooms; slip-resistance of bathtub and SHOWER BASE SURFACES; SLIP-RESISTANCE TESTERS; NBSIR 76-1005.

L

Laboratory accreditation; performance criteria; solar

ENERGY; standards; buildings; cooling; heating; 16686.

Laboratory tests; relationships; soil properties; dynamics; field tests; SP477, pp. VI-158—VI-178 (May 1977).

Land use; municipalities; regulation; site design; architectural controls; buildings; design review; SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Land use; natural system; performance standards; regulatory process; building codes; carrying capacity; en- vironment; SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Lateral load simulation; models; shake tables; testing;

DYNAMIC testing; SP470, pp. IX-1—IX-5 (Apr. 1977).

Lateral loads; sheet piles; structural analysis; tests; foundation; SP470, pp. VII-7—VII-60 (Apr. 1977).

Lead paint; lead poisoning; surveys; x-ray fluorescence;

children; data analysis; housing; NBSIR 77-1250.

Lead poisoning; surveys; x-ray fluorescence; children;

DATA analysis; HOUSING; LEAD PAINT; NBSIR 77-1250.

Least weight; optimization; structures; frequency

response; SP470, pp. VI-22—VI-32 (Apr. 1977).

Legislation; life safety; regulation; standards; building

codes; building safety; control; instruments;

knowledge; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Legislation; regulations; solar energy; standards; state- of-the-art study; buildings; energy conservation; en- forcement; NBSIR 77-1259.

74
Legislation; rules and regulations; statewide codes; sum- mary tables; building construction; building regulations; cities; code uniformity; enforcement; NBSIR 77- 1390.

Legislation; solar; standards; State; architecture;

buildings; design; energy; NBSIR 77-1297,

Life cycle; performance standards; pipe; plumbing;

reduced-size vents; sanitary drainage system; venting;

cost savings; drainage-waste-vent; economics; 17296.

Life safety; regulation; standards; building codes; building safety; control; instruments; knowledge; legislation; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum;

standards; building economics; economic efficiency;

economics; energy; energy conservation; 17302.

Life-cycle costing; patrol cars; personal car plan; police

fleet administration; take-home car program; breakeven

analysis; 1 7299.

Life-cycle costing; project procurement; building per- formance; building process; building systems; construction management; design/build; SP476.

Life-cycle costing; retrofitting; solar; building design;

cost; energy conservation; energy standards; fenestra-

, tion; 17107.

Lifestyle factors; physical environment; residential housing; socio-PHYSiCAL determinants; systems theory; ener- gy consumption; input/output models; SP473, pp. 69-83

(June 1977).

Light design; luminaire effectiveness; luminance factor;

office lighting; sphere illumination; body shadow; contrast rendition; hand calculator; illuminating en- gineering; NBSIR 77-1303.

Lighting; task lighting; energy conservation; illumination; illumination levels; / 7293.

Limit states design; masonry construction; materials test- ing STANDARDIZATION; mathematical MODELS; REHABILITATION; RETROFIT; seismic DESIGN; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; STRUCTURAL research; building codes AND STANDARDS; DESIGN

criteria; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Liquefaction; sand; soils; tests; undisturbed sampling;

density; SP477, pp. VI-141—VI-157 (May 1977).

Liquefaction; sand layer; shake table; vibration tests; VOID RATIOS; earthquakes; SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr.

1977).

Liquefaction; settlement; soils; alluvial deposits;

earthquakes; epicentral distance; SP470, pp. V-1 —V-15

(Apr. 1977).

Live loads; load surveys; probability theory; structural

engineering; buildings (codes); 17305.

Live loads; load surveys; structural engineering;

buildings; 16708.

Load calculation; MIUS; modular integrated utility

system; simulation; utility services; computer programs;

cooling; energy analysis; financial analysis; heating;

NBSIR 77-1307.

Load capacity; masonry walls; shear walls; splitting

strength; ultimate capacity; brick; clay masonry;

concrete block; concrete masonry; failure modes;

B5S/ 06, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Load factors; performance approach; performance

criteria; reliability analysis; reliability-based design;

resistance factors; structural engineering; / 7306.

Load surveys; probability theory; structural engineering;

BUILDINGS (codes); LIVE LOADS; 17305.

Load surveys; structural engineering; buildings; live

loads; 16708.

Load-calculation; rating; residential; space heating;

testing; air conditioning; comfort; heat pump; / 7006.

Loads (forces); natural analysis; tall buildings; wind

PROFILES; boundary LAYER; HURRICANES; SP477, pp. II- 30—11-40 (May 1977).

Local government; model codes; state-local relations;

statewide codes; uniformity; building regulation; code

administration; enforcement; funding; SP473, pp. 225-

240 (June 1977).

Locks; security standards; burglary resistance; door as- semblies; DOOR COMPONENTS; DOORS; FRAMES; HARDWARE;

HINGES; 16714.

Low income; LOW-RISE buildings; sites and services; socioeconomic; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; WIND-RESISTANT; ARCHITEC- TURAL; design; housing; BSSlOO-5.

Low-rise buildings; masonry walls' structural design;

technology transfer; timber roofs; timber walls; wind

effects; CODES AND STANDARDS; CONNECTORS; FASTENERS; BSS100-3. Low-rise buildings; sites and services; socio-economic;

structural design; wind-resistant; architectural;

design; housing; low income; BSSlOO-5.

Low-rise buildings; socio-economics; structural connections; technology transfer; wind loads; codes and

standards; disaster mitigation; housing; BSSlOO-1.

Low-rise buildings; socio-economics; structural connections; WIND LOADS; CODES AND STANDARDS; DISASTER MITIGATION; housing; SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Low-rise buildings; wind study; ANSI 58; 17115.

Luminaire effectiveness; luminance factor; office

lighting; sphere illumination; body shadow; contrast

rendition; hand calculator; illuminating engineering;

LIGHT design; NBSIR 77-1303.

Luminance factor; office lighting; sphere illumination;

BODY shadow; contrast RENDITION; HAND CALCULATOR; IL- LUMINATING engineering; light design; luminaire effec- tiveness; NBSIR 77-1303.

M

Maintainability; materials; minimum property standards;

performance criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; ap- pliances; atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; HOUSING technology; HVAC; innovative construction; NBSIR 77-1316.

Management control; microfilm; building code; building

permits; computers; enforcement; information

RETRIEVAL; INSPECTION; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Maps; seismicity index; earthquake distributions; epicenters; SP470, pp. 111-18—111-28 (Apr. 1977).

Markow decision process; policy improvement algorithm;

dynamic programming; economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; NBSIR 77-1210.

Masonry; bricks; buildings; Canada; concrete blocks;

design standards; earthquake resistant structures; BSSI06, pp. 198-213 (Sept. 1977).

Masonry; masonry panels; seismic loading; BSS106, pp. 154-165 (Sept. 1977).

Masonry; piers; research; seismic; shear walls; spandrel

beams; connections; houses; BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept.

1977).

Masonry; rheology, material; earthquake damage analysis; ess/06, pp. 114-153 (Sept. 1977).

Masonry; shear walls; codes; design; dynamic analysis;

BSS106, pp. 91-113 (Sept. 1977).

Masonry codes. Unit - Kingdom; masonry research;

flSS/06, pp. 166-176 ipt. 1977).

Masonry construction; materials testing standardizati

ON; mathematical models; rehabilitation; retrofit;

SEISMIC design; structural DESIGN; STRUCTURAL RESEARCH;

BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS; DESIGN CRITERIA; EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

75
Masonry construction; seismic design; structural design;

structural engineering; structural research; building

codes and standards; design criteria; earthquake re- SISTANCE; BSS106.

Masonry panels; seismic loading; masonry; BSSI06, pp. 154-165 (Sept. 1977).

Masonry research; masonry codes. United Kingdom;

BSSI06, pp. 1 66- 1 76 ( Sept. 1977).

Masonry walls; arching; BSSI06, pp. 283-313 (Sept. 1977).

Masonry walls; racking strength; seismic loading; shear

strength; shear wall; stiffness; analysis; compressive

strength; deflection; design; flexural strength; BSS62.

Masonry walls; shear walls; splitting strength; ultimate

capacity; brick; clay masonry; concrete block;

concrete masonry; failure modes; load capacity;

BSS106, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Masonry walls' structural design; technology transfer;

timber roofs; timber walls; wind effects; codes and

standards; connectors; fasteners; low-rise buildings;

BSSlOO-3.

Materials; minimum property standards; performance

criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing; safety;

strucures; test methods; acoustics; appliances; at- mospheric; durability; electrical; environment; housing

technology; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; NBSIR 77-1316.

Materials performance; radiant panel-seamless flooring

system; seamless flooring; temperature characteristics;

electrical heating elements; NBSIR 77-1263.

Materials properties; performance; urea-formaldehyde;

cellular plastics; foam insulation; insulation; TN946.

Materials testing standardization; mathematical models;

rehabilitation; retrofit; seismic design; structural

design; structural research; building codes and stan- dards; DESIGN criteria; EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE; LIMIT STATES DESIGN; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Mathematical models; rehabilitation; retrofit; seismic DESIGN; structural DESIGN; STRUCTURAL RESEARCH; BUILD- ING codes and STANDARDS; DESIGN CRITERIA; EARTHQUAKE

RESISTANCE; LIMIT STATES DESIGN; MASONRY CONSTRUCTION;

BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Measurement; radiation; comfort; 16923.

Measurement technology; thermography; heat-flow measurements; infrared heat-loss measurement technique;

TN933.

Mechanical properties; moisture determination; preservation technology; adobe building materials; adobe soil; TN934.

Medical facilities; medical planning; architecture; building technology; construction; health facilities; hospitals; NBSIR 77-1233.

Medical planning; architecture; building technology;

construction; health facilities; hospitals; medical

facilities; NBSIR 77-1233.

Metallic artifacts; microstructural analysis; nondestructive EVALUATION TECHNIQUES; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS; INSTRUMENTAL METHODS; 16712.

Metric design and construction; recommended SI practice; International System of Units (SI); TN938.

Metric system; modular coordination; SI; building codes

and standards; construction industry; dimensional

coordination; metrication; SP458.

Metrication; metric system; modular coordination; SI; building codes and standards; construction industry;

dimensional coordination; SP458.

Metrication benerts; rationalization; technical issues in metrication; construction industry metrication; / 7040.

Microfilm; building code; building permits; computers; en- forcement; information retrieval; inspection; management control; SP473, pp. 377-382 (June 1977).

Microstructural analysis; nondestructive evaluation

techniques; compositional analysis; instrumental

METHODS; metallic ARTIFACTS; 16712.

Military buildings; aluminum wiring; branch circuits;

copper wiring; NBSIR 76-1184.

Military field shelters; probability distributions; shocks, snow load; static load; trains; transportation; trucks;

vibrations; wind load; acceleration; airplanes; cargo;

dynamic loads; equivalent static force; gravity load;

handling devices; handling loads; nbsir 77-1254.

Mineral waste utilization; slags; cement manufacture;

ENERGY conservation; FLY ASHES; 17010.

Minimum property standards; multiple glazing; "U"

values; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building stan- dards; buildings; energy conservation; SP473, pp. 85- 101 (June 1977).

Minimum property standards; performance criteria; per- formance evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability;

electrical; environment; housing technology; HVAC;

innovative construction; maintainability; materials;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Mining wastes; municipal waste; slags; waste materials;

COAL by-products; CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS; INDUSTRIAL wastes; NBSIR 77-1244.

Missiles; power plants; structural engineering; tor- nadoes; trajectories; dynamics; SP4 77, pp. VII-36—VII-41 (May 1977).

MIUS; modular integrated utility system; simulation;

utility services; computer programs; cooling; energy

analysis; hnancial analysis; heating; load calculation;

NBSIR 77-1307.

Mobile home; part-load efficiency; thermography; air in- hltration; energy conservation; NBSIR 76-1 182. Mobile home; racking; research; safety; standard; window; emergency egress; HUD; NBSIR 77-1246.

Mobile homes; wind loads; aerodynamics; buildings; fullscale testing; SP477, pp. 1-21—1-33 (May 1977).

Mode of failure; racking resistance; structural per- formance; uniform loads; concentrated loads; design

criteria; SP477, pp. 1-66—1-69 (May 1977).

Model; structural analysis; velocities; vibrations; arch

dam; deflections; dynamic tests; SP477, pp. Vl-85 —VI1 17 (May 1977).

Model; towers; wind; wind observation; wind tunnel;

field measurements; SP470, pp. I-l —1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Model codes; standards; building codes; energy conservation; energy efhciency; energy performance; 17290.

Model codes; state-local relations; statewide codes;

uniformity; building regulation; code administration;

enforcement; funding; local government; SP473, pp. 225-240 (June 1977).

Modeling; rheological; seismic response; two-dimensions;

bedrock; SP477, pp. IV-18—IV-46 (May 1977).

Models; shake tables; testing; dynamic testing; lateral

LOAD simulation; SP470, pp. IX-1—IX-5 (Apr. 1977).

Models; wind angles; wind tunnel; bridge; cabled stayed;

displacements; flutter; SP470, pp. 11-47 —11-67 (Apr.

1977).

Modular coordination; SI; building codes and standards;

construction industry; dimensional coordination; metrication; METRIC system; SP458.

Modular Integrated Utility System; total energy; utility

system; institutional factors; NBSIR 76-1103.

Modular integrated utility system; simulation; utility

services; computer programs; cooling; energy analysis;

financial analysis; heating; load calculation; MIUS;

NBSIR 77-1307.

Modulation transfer function; nondestructive testing;

vision; visual acuity; visual capacities; 1 7015.

76
Modulus of elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear

modulus; testing; ultimate strength; anchor bolts;

bond; damping; ductility; earthquake resistance; energy

absorption; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Moisture condensation; seal durability and longevity;

sealed insulating glass; ASTM Test Standard for insulating glass; frost-point measuring apparatus; 17286.

Moisture determination; preservation technology; adobe

building materials; adobe soil; mechanical properties;

TN934.

Multiple glazing; "U" values; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-

75; building standards; buildings; energy conservation;

minimum property standards; SP473, pp. 85-101 (June

1977).

Municipal waste; slags; waste materials; coal byproducts; construction materials; industrial wastes;

mining wastes; NBSIR 77-1244.

Municipalities; regulation; site design; architectural

controls; buildings; design review; land use; SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Munsell Color System; Universal Color Language; variable accuracy of color designations; centroid colors;

color; color designations; calorimetry; color names; color-order systems; SP440.

N

National Bureau of Standards; solar energy standards;

standards users; communication of research and stan- dards; 16733.

National electric code; safety regulations; standards;

accidents; benefit-cost analysis; building codes; building economics; building regulations; economic impact;

electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters;

SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Natural analysis; tall buildings; wind prorles; boundary

layer; hurricanes; loads (forces); SP477, pp. 11-30—11-40 (May 1977).

Natural disasters; structural engineering; buildings;

building codes; earthquakes; SP490.

Natural system; performance standards; regulatory

process; building codes; carrying capacity; environment; LAND use; SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

NBS-Brungraber tester; safety of bathrooms; slip-resistance OF bathtub and shower base surfaces; slip-resistance TESTERS; KOLLSMAN TESTER; NBSIR 76-1005.

Network design; strong-motion record; cost effectiveness; GROUND motion; SP477, pp. III-l—111-15 (May 1977).

Networks; specircations; standards; system engineering;

building codes; computer model; decision table; deci- SION theory; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

New BUILDING design; retrofit design; computerized ener- gy analysis; energy conservation standards; 16770.

Nondestructive evaluation; thermographic surveys; thermography; energy conservation; energy surveys; in- frared; 16901.

Nondestructive evaluation techniques; compositional

ANALYSIS; instrumental METHODS; METALLIC ARTIFACTS; MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; 16712.

Nondestructive testing; vision; visual acuity; visual

capacities; modulation transfer function; 17015.

Nonlinear response; reinforced concrete; bridges; design;

experiments; SP477, pp. Vl-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

Nuclear facilities; design guides; SP477, pp. VII-29—VII-35

(May 1977).

Nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; standards; structural

response; winds; accelerograph; bridges; buildings;

codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground

failures; SP477.

Nuclear power plant; seismic effects; tornado; wind;

SP477, pp. VII-1—VIl-28 (May 1977).

Nuclear reactors; oil tanks; power plants; shake table;

aseismic design; dynamic tests; SP470, pp. VII-1 —VII-6

(Apr. 1977).

o

Occupant behavior in fires; simulated behavior; building

rres; hre behavior; high-rise buildings; nbs-gcr-77-92

.

Occupant needs; sensory stimuli; communications; dis- aster communication; emergency communications; fire

communications; high-rise communications; high-rise

emergency; information transfer; 17036.

Occupational safety; regulatory data; architectural

psychology; architectural research; building codes;

building design; building hres; building regulatory

standards; emergency egress; exit capacity; fire safety;

human performance; NBSIR 77-1313.

Office lighting; sphere illumination; body shadow; con- trast rendition; hand calculator; illuminating en- gineering; light design; luminaire effectiveness; luminance factor; NBSIR 77-1303.

Oil tanks; power plants; shake table; aseismic design;

dynamic tests; nuclear reactors; SP470, pp. VII-1 —VII- 6 (Apr. 1977).

Operating cost; seasonal performance; building heating

system; computer simulation; energy conservation; fur- nace; 16922.

Optimization; performance standards; resource impact

FACTORS; resources; social optimum; standards; building

economics; economic EFFICIENCY; ECONOMICS; ENERGY;

energy conservation; life-cycle cost; 17302.

Optimization; retrofitting; seismic; costs; existing structures; SP477, pp. VI-69—VI-84 (May 1977).

Optimization; structures; frequency response; least

weight; SP470, pp. VI-22—VI-32 (Apr. 1977).

Oxygen content; reduced ventilation rate; school operation schedule; ventilation test; computerized thermal

simulation; CO2 concentration; energy conservation in schools; energy consumption; energy utilization in schools; BSS97.

P

Panels; structural integrity; buildings; collapse;

concrete; SP477, pp. VI-220—VI-25 1 (May 1977).

Partial reinforcing; risk; shear modulus; testing; ulti- mate strength; anchor bolts; bond; damping; ductility;

earthquake resistance; energy absorption; modulus of

elasticity; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Part-load efticiency; thermography; air infiltration;

ENERGY conservation; MOBILE HOME; NBSIR 76-1182.

Part-load performance; seasonal performance factor;

cooling and heating coefhcients of performance; effective seasonal heating COP; heat pumps; heat pumps and

energy conservation; BSS93.

Passive-solar-heating; sun-shading; ventilation; windows;

daylighting; inrltration; insulation; 17298.

Patrol cars; personal car plan; police fleet administration; take-home car program; breakeven analysis; life- cycle costing; 17299.

Performance; preservation; rehabilitation; renovation;

adaptive reuse; architecture; building codes; building

regulations; building safety; construction; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Performance; radiative cooling; roohng; solar heating;

SURFACE temperature; built-up roohng; insulation;

1 7060.

77
Performance; radiative cooling; roofing; solar heating;

SURFACE temperature; built-up roohng; insulation;

17061.

Performance; total energy systems; absorption chillers;

boiler performance; central utility plant; diesel engine; engine-generator efficiency; heat recovery; NBSIR

77-1243.

Performance; urea-formaldehyde; cellular plastics; foam

insulation; insulation; materials properties; TN946.

Performance approach; performance characteristics; per- formance criteria; performance evaluation; per- formance testing; plumbing research; plumbing

research needs; reduced-size venting; SP473, pp. 317-348

(June 1977).

Performance approach; performance criteria; reliability

analysis; reliability-based design; resistance factors;

structural engineering; load factors; 17306.

Performance approach; regulatory domination; standards

development; building codes; concrete testing; evaluation; innovations; in-place testing; SP473, pp. 279-284

(June 1977).

Performance attributes; performance evaluation; building codes and standards; building code structure; existing buildings; historic preservation; SP473, pp. 453-

489 (June 1977).

Performance characteristics; performance criteria; per- formance evaluation; performance testing; plumbing

research; plumbing research needs; reduced-size venting; performance approach; SP473, pp. 317-348 (June

1977).

Performance criteria; performance evaluation; per- formance testing; plumbing research; plumbing

research needs; reduced-size venting; performance ap- proach; performance characteristics; SP473, pp. 317-348

(June 1977).

Performance criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing;

safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; appliances;

atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; housing technology; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum property standards;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Performance criteria; physical and engineering properties; TEST METHODS; BITUMINOUS ROOF MEMBRANES; BUILT-UP roof membranes; coal-tar pitch; nbsir 77-1256.

Performance criteria; reliability analysis; reliabilitybased DESIGN; resistance FACTORS; STRUCTURAL ENGINEERing; load factors; performance approach; 17306.

Performance criteria; solar collectors; solar energy;

standards; buildings; cooling; heating; sp473, pp. 103-

112 (June 1977).

Performance criteria; solar energy; standards; buildings;

cooling; heating; laboratory accreditation; 16686.

Performance criteria; stone decay; stone preservatives;

accelerated laboratory testing; TN941

Performance evaluation; building codes and standards;

building code structure; existing buildings; historic

preservation; performance attributes; SP473, pp. 453-

489 (June 1977).

Performance evaluation; performance testing; plumbing

research; plumbing research needs; reduced-size venting; performance approach; performance characteristi

cs; performance criteria; SP473, pp. 317-348 (June 1977).

Performance evaluation; plan review; research and

development; building regulation; computer-based

systems; computer technology; information processing;

SP473, pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Performance evaluation; plumbing; safety; structures;

test methods; acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability; ELECTRICAL; ENVIRONMENT; HOUSING TECHNOLOGY;

HVAC; INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION; MAINTAINABILITY; MATERIALS; MINIMUM PROPERTY STANDARDS; PERFORMANCE

criteria; NBSIR 77-1316.

Performance specircations; standards; building codes;

COMPUTER programming; decision tables; graph theory;

TN940.

Performance specihcations; standards; building codes;

COMPUTER programming; decision tables; graph theory;

16705.

Performance standards; pipe; plumbing; reduced-size

vents; sanitary drainage system; venting; cost savings;

drainage-waste-vent; economics; life cycle; / 7296.

Performance standards; regulatory process; building

CODES; carrying CAPACITY; ENVIRONMENT; LAND USE; NATURAL system; SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Performance standards; resource impact factors;

RESOURCES; social OPTIMUM; STANDARDS; BUILDING

economics; economic efficiency; economics; energy;

ENERGY conservation; life-cycle COST; optimization;

17302.

Performance testing; plumbing research; plumbing

research needs; reduced-size venting; performance ap- proach; performance characteristics; performance

criteria; performance evaluation; SP473, pp. 317-348

(June 1977).

Personal car plan; police fleet administration; take-home car program; breakeven analysis; life-cycle costing;

patrol cars; / 7299.

Philippines; wind tunnel test; field studies; high winds;

instrumentation; SP470, pp. X-1—X-11 (Apr. 1977).

Physical and engineering properties; test methods; bituminous roof membranes; built-up roof membranes; coaltar pitch; performance criteria; NBSIR 77-1256.

Physical environment; regulation; research; standards;

court orders; human behavior; institutional occupanCIES; INTERIOR DESIGN; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Physical environment; residential housing; socio-physical

determinants; systems theory; energy consumption;

input/output models; lifestyle FACTORS; SP473, pp. 69-83

(June 1977).

Physically handicapped; regulation; accessibility stan- dards; building code; code administration; communication; enabling legislation; SP473, pp. 241-251 (June

1977).

Piers; research; seismic; shear walls; spandrel beams; connections; houses; masonry; BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept.

1977).

Pipe; plumbing; reduced-size vents; sanitary drainage

system; venting; cost savings; drainage-waste-vent;

economics; life cycle; performance standards; 17296.

Plan review; research and development; building regulation; computer-based systems; computer technology; in- formation processing; performance evaluation; SP473,

pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Plumbing; reduced-size vents; sanitary drainage system;

venting; cost savings; drainage-waste-vent; economics;

LIFE cycle; performance standards; pipe; 17296.

Plumbing; safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; ap- pliances; atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; HOUSING technology; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum property stan- dards; performance criteria; performance evaluation;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Plumbing research; plumbing research needs; reduced-size

venting; performance approach; performance characteristics; performance criteria; performance evaluation; performance testing; SP473 , pp. 317-348 (June

1977).

78
Plumbing research needs; reduced-size venting; per- formance approach; performance characteristics; per- formance criteria; performance evaluation; per- formance testing; plumbing research; SP473, pp. 317-348

(June 1977).

Police fleet administration; take-home car program;

breakeven analysis; life-cycle costing; patrol cars; per- sonal car plan; 17299.

Policy improvement algorithm; dynamic programming;

economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment

maintenance; Markow decision process; NBSIR 77-1210.

Porous media; thermal energy storage; transpiration

HEAT transfer; NBSIR 77-1237. Ports; specihcations; structures; design; earthquakes;

harbours; SP470, pp. VIIl-42—VIII-55 (Apr. 1977).

Power plants; shake table; aseismic design; dynamic tests; nuclear reactors; oil tanks; SP470, pp. VII- 1 —VII-6 (Apr. 1977).

Power plants; structural engineering; tornadoes; trajectories; dynamics; missiles; SP477, pp. VII-36—VII-41 (May

1977).

Preservation; rehabilitation; renovation; adaptive reuse; architecture; building codes; building regulations;

building safety; construction; performance; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Preservation technology; adobe building materials; adobe

soil; mechanical properties; moisture determination;

TN934.

Pressure; spectra; structural engineering; tall buildings;

turbulence; wind; aerodynamics; building (codes);

16843.. Pressure coefficients; probability distribution functions;

risk; statistical analysis; storms; structural engineering; tropical storms; wind loads; wind speeds; building

codes; buildings; codes and standards; housing; hurricanes; BSS100-2. Pressure shock in thermoplastic pipe; water hammer in thermoplastic pipe; intermittent hot water exposure

tests of thermoplastic pipe; NBSIR 77-1261

.

Probability; progressive collapse; reliability; structural

engineering; uncertainty; abnormal loading; alternate

path; building code; design criteria; BSS98.

Probability; ranehdm vibrations; safety; structures; deterministic; dynamics; earthquake; SP470, pp. VI- 1 —VI-21

(Apr. 1977).

Probability; reinforced concrete; reliability; statistical

analysis; structural engineering; uncertainty; 17304.

Probability; statistics; structural design; wind; codes;

16856.

Probability distribution functions; risk; statistical analysis; storms; structural engineering; tropical storms;

wind loads; wind speeds; building codes; buildings;

codes and standards; housing; hurricanes; pressure

coefficients; BSS100-2. Probability distributions; shocks, snow load; static load;

trains; transportation; trucks; vibrations; wind load;

acceleration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads;

equivalent static force; gravity load; handling devices;

handling loads; military field shelters; NBSIR 77-1254.

Probability theory; reinforced concrete; reliability;

statistical analysis; structural engineering; fire en- durance; fire tests; 17303.

Probability theory; structural engineering; buildings

(CODES); LIVE loads; LOAD SURVEYS; 17305.

Professional competence; building construction groups;

certification; code enforcement officials; communicaTIONS; criteria; EDUCATION PROGRAMS; SP473, pp. 383-389

(June 1977).

Program; research; seismic; earthquake; SP477, pp. VI- 28—VI-36 (May 1977).

Progressive collapse; reliability; structural engineering;

uncertainty; abnormal loading; alternate path; building code; design criteria; probability; BSS98.

Progressive collapse; shear; strength; apartment building; COLLAPSE; concrete; CONCRETE STRENGTH; CONSTRUCTION; flexure; BSS94.

Project procurement; building performance; building

process; building systems; construction management;

design/build; life-cycle costing; SP476.

Project summaries; standards; technical bases; building

research; building technology; codes; criteria; sp446-1

.

Projections; development; forecasts; growth; housing

needs; BSSIOO^.

Property; soil; stiffness; testing; bore hole; k property;

SP477, pp. VI-118—VI-140 (May 1977).

Public policy; regulation; building codes; decision making; SP473, pp. 203-223 (June 1977).

Publication abstracts; bibliography; building technology

publications; Center for Building Technology; key

word-author indexes; SP457-1.

Q

Ouake-sensitivity; seismic index; seismicity; earthquake;

index; SP477, pp. IV-47—IV-54 (May 1977).

R

Racking; research; safety; standard; window; emergency

egress; HUD; mobile home; NBSIR 77-1246.

Racking resistance; structural performance; uniform

loads; concentrated loads; design criteria; mode of

failure; SP477, pp. 1-66—1-69 (May 1977).

Racking strength; seismic loading; shear strength; shear

wall; stiffness; analysis; compressive strength; deflection; design; flexural strength; masonry walls; BSS62.

Radiant panel-seamless flooring system; seamless flooring; TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS; ELECTRICAL HEATING

elements; materials performance; nbsir 77-1263.

Radiation; comfort; measurement; 16923.

Radiation; solar; computer; energy; BSS96.

Radiative cooling; roohng; solar heating; surface temperature; BUILT-UP roofing; insulation; performance;

/ 7060.

Radiative cooling; roofing; solar heating; surface tem- perature; BUILT-UP roohng; insulation; performance;

17061.

Random vibrations; safety; structures; deterministic;

dynamics; earthquake; probability; SP470, pp. Vi-1 —VI21 (Apr. 1977).

Rating; residential; space heating; testing; air conditioning; comfort; heat pump; load-calculation; 17006.

Rating criteria; solar collectors; structural per- formance; testing procedures; thermal performance;

durability/reliability; fire safety; NBSIR 77-1305.

Rationalization; technical issues in metrication; construction industry metrication; metrication benefits;

/ 7040.

Recommended SI practice; International System of Units

(SI); metric design and construction; TN938.

Records; results; seismometers; arrays; earthquakes;

ground motion; SP477, pp. III-16—III-25 (May 1977).

Recuperators; waste; boilers; economics; energy conservation; instrumentation; H121.

79
Reduced ventilation rate; school operation schedule;

ventilation test; computerized thermal simulation; coj

concentration; energy conservation in schools; energy con- sumption; energy utilization in schools; oxygen content; BSS97.

REDUCED-SIZE VENTING; PERFORMANCE APPROACH; PERFORMANCE

CHARACTERISTICS; PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; PERFORMANCE

EVALUATION; PERFORMANCE TESTING; PLUMBING RESEARCH;

PLUMBING RESEARCH NEEDS; SP473 , pp. 317-348 (June

1977).

REDUCED-SIZE VENTS; SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM; VENTING;

cost savings; drainage-waste-vent; economics; life cycle; performance standards; pipe; plumbing; 17296.

Regulation; accessibility standards; building code; code

administration; communication; enabling legislation;

PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED; SP473, pp. 241-251 (June 1977).

Regulation; alternatives; building codes; building

PROCESS; constraints; costs; incentives; SP473, pp. 17-33

(June 1977).

Regulation; builder-developer; construction; consumers;

cost analysis; cost benerts; housing; SP473, pp. 391-396

(June 1977).

Regulation; building codes; decision making; public policy; SP473, pp. 203-223 (June 1977).

Regulation; research; standards; court orders; human

BEHAVIOR; institutional occupancies; interior design;

physical environment; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Regulation; site design; architectural controls;

buildings; design review; land use; municipalities;

SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Regulation; standards; building codes; building safety;

control; instruments; knowledge; legislation; life safety; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Regulations; solar energy; standards; state-of-the-art

study; buildings; energy conservation; enforcement;

legislation; NBSIR 77-1259.

Regulatory barriers; residential construction; unionization; building official; building regulation; education;

housing demand; innovation; SP473, pp. 113-135 (June

1977).

Regulatory community; standards; buildings; codes; ener- gy conservation; 17111.

Regulatory data; architectural psychology; architectural research; building codes; building design; building RRES; BUILDING REGULATORY STANDARDS; EMERGENCY

egress; exit capacity; fire safety; human performance;

occupational safety; nbsir 77-1313.

Regulatory domination; standards development; building

codes; concrete testing; evaluation; innovations; in- PLACE testing; performance approach; SP473, pp. 279-284

(June 1977).

Regulatory process; building codes; carrying capacity;

environment; land use; natural system; performance

standards; SP473, pp. 189-202 (June 1977).

Regulatory research; standards development; administrative procedures; building codes; building regulations;

buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative practices; SP473.

Rehabilitation; remodeling; renewal; renovation; self- help; standards; building codes; building regulation;

do-it-yourself; home construction; housing; NBS-GCR77-88. Rehabilitation; remodeling; residential; urban renewal;

building codes; housing; NBS-GCR-77-87. Rehabilitation; renovation; adaptive reuse; architecture;

BUILDING codes; BUILDING REGULATIONS; BUILDING SAFETY; construction; performance; preservation; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Rehabilitation; retrofit; seismic design; structural

design; structural research; building codes and stan- dards; DESIGN criteria; EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE; LIMIT STATES DESIGN; MASONRY CONSTRUCTION; MATERIALS TESTING

standardization; BSSI06, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Rehabilitation; standards; building codes; community

development; construction costs; contractors; housing; SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Reinforced; strength; columns; concrete; earthquake;

HYSTERETic ENVELOPE; SP477, pp. VI-10—VI-27 (May

1977).

Reinforced concrete; bridges; design; experiments; nonlinear response; SP477, pp. VI-1—VI-9 (May 1977).

Reinforced concrete; reliability; statistical analysis;

structural engineering; fire endurance; fire tests; probability theory; 17303.

Reinforced concrete; reliability; statistical analysis;

structural engineering; uncertainty; probability;

17304.

Reinforcing details; structural walls; design

procedures; earthquake excitation of structures; earthquake resistant structures; sp477, pp. vi- 199 —vi219 (May 1977).

Relationships; soil properties; dynamics; held tests; LABORATORY TESTS; SP477, pp. VI- 1 58—VI- 1 78 (May 1977).

Reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering;

FIRE endurance; FIRE TESTS; PROBABILITY THEORY; REIN- FORCED concrete; 17303.

Reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering;

uncertainty; probability; reinforced concrete; 17304.

Reliability; structural engineering; uncertainty; abnormal loading; alternate path; building code; design

criteria; probability; progressive collapse; BSS98.

Reliability analysis; reliability-based design; resistance

factors; structural engineering; load factors; per- formance approach; performance criteria; 17306.

Reliability-based design; resistance factors; structural

engineering; load factors; performance approach; per- formance criteria; reliability analysis; 17306.

Relocatable buildings; wind-load racking; air leakage of

buildings; building heat transfer; honeycomb panel construction; NBSIR 76-1178.

Remodeling; renewal; renovation; self-help; standards;

building codes; building regulation; do-it-yourself;

home construction; housing; rehabilitation; NBS-GCR77-88. Remodeling; residential; urban renewal; building codes;

housing; rehabilitation; NBS-GCR-77-87.

Renewal; renovation; self-help; standards; building

codes; building regulation; do-it-yourself; home construction; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; NBSGCR-77-88.

Renovation; adaptive reuse; architecture; building codes;

building regulations; building safety; construction;

performance; preservation; rehabilitation; SP473, pp. 437-452 (June 1977).

Renovation; self-help; standards; building codes; building

regulation; do-it-yourself; home construction; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; renewal; NBS-GCR-77-

88. Research; research programs; wind engineering; wind studies; education; SP470, pp. II- 1—11-10 (Apr. 1977).

Research; safety; standard; window; emergency egress;

HUD; mobile home; racking; NBSIR 77-1246.

Research; seismic; earthquake; program; SP477, pp. VI- 28—VI-36 (May 1977).

Research; seismic; shear walls; spandrel beams; connections; houses; masonry; piers; BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept.

1977).

80
Research; standards; court orders; human behavior; in- stitutional OCCUPANCIES; interior DESIGN; PHYSICAL EN- VIRONMENT; regulation; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Research; structural engineering; structures; buildings;

earthquakes; SP470, pp. IX-6—IX-16 (Apr. 1977).

Research and development; building regulation; computer-based systems; computer technology; information

processing; performance evaluation; plan review;

SP473, pp. 369-375 (June 1977).

Research needs; codes and standards; environmental studies; FIRE safety; health DANGERS; SP473, pp. 35-53 (June

1977).

Research programs; seismic; testing; wind; earthquake;

SP477, pp. VI-37—VI-43 (May 1977).

Research programs; wind engineering; wind studies; education; research; SP4 70, pp. II- 1—11-10 (Apr. 1977).

Residential; space heating; testing; air conditioning; comfort; HEAT pump; load-calculation; RATING; 17006.

Residential; urban renewal; building codes; housing;

rehabilitation; remodeling; NBS-GCR-77-87.

Residential construction; unionization; building ofticial;

building regulation; education; housing demand; in- novation; regulatory barriers; SP473, pp. 113-135 (June

1977).

Residential design practices; typical construction

characteristics; typical new house materials; windows;

building envelope; energy conservation base; insulation "'BSIR 77-1309.

Residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air infil- tration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss

reduction; insulation properties; NBSIR 77-1274.

Residential housing; socio-physical determinants; systems

theory; energy consumption; input/output models;

lifestyle factors; physical environment; SP473, pp. 69-

83 (June 1977).

Resistance factors; structural engineering; load factors;

performance approach; performance criteria; reliability

analysis; reliability-based design; / 7306.

Resource impact factors; building; building environment;

energy conservation; engineering; human factor; 171 10. Resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; stan- dards; building economics; economic efficiency;

economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle

cost; optimization; performance standards; 17302.

Resources; social optimum; standards; building

economics; economic efficiency; economics; energy;

energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; per- formance STANDARDS; RESOURCE IMPACT FACTORS; 17302.

Response spectra; soils; acceleration records; dynamic

behavior; earthquakes; SP477, pp. III-41 —III-56 (May

1977).

Results; seismometers; arrays; earthquakes; ground motion; records; SP477, pp. III-16—III-25 (May 1977).

Retrofit; seismic design; structural design; structural

research; building codes and standards; design criteria;

earthquake resistance; limit states design; masonry

construction; MATERIALS TESTING STANDARDIZATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Retrofit; thermography; buildings; energy conservation;

evaluation; inspection; 16902.

Retrort design; computerized energy analysis; energy

conservation standards; new building design; 16770.

Retrofitting; seismic; costs; existing structures; optimization; SP477, pp. VI-69—VI-84 (May 1977).

Retrofitting; solar; building design; cost; energy conservation; energy standards; fenestration; life-cycle costing; 7 7/07.

Retrortting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air inhltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements;

fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties;

residential heat loss; NBSIR 77-1274.

Rheological; seismic response; two-dimensions; bedrock;

modeling; SP477, pp. lV-18—IV-46 (May 1977).

Rheology, material; earthquake damage analysis; masonry; BSS106, pp. 114-153 (Sept. 1977).

Risk; shear modulus; testing; ultimate strength; anchor

bolts; bond; damping; ductility; earthquake resistance;

ENERGY absorption; MODULUS OF ELASTICITY; PARTIAL REIN- FORCING; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Risk; statistical analysis; storms; structural engineering;

TROPICAL storms; WIND LOADS; WIND SPEEDS; BUILDING

codes; BUILDINGS; CODES AND STANDARDS; HOUSING; HURRICANES; PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; BSSlOO-2.

Roads; survey; construction; dams; earthquake; earth

structures; SP477, pp. VI-44—VI-49 (May 1977).

Rock motion; seismic coefficient; acceleration; accelerogram; GRAVITY quaywall; SP477, pp. VI-192—VI-198

(May 1977).

Roorng; solar heating; surface temperature; built-up

roofing; insulation; performance; radiative cooling;

/ 7060.

Roorng; solar heating; surface temperature; built-up

roorng; insulation; performance; radiative cooling;

17061.

Roofs; typhoon; wind pressure; buildings; dynamic ef- fects; high winds; SP470, pp. II-l_II-19 (Apr. 1977).

Roofs; wind; dynamics; failure; SP477, pp. 1-12 —1-20 (May

1977).

Rules and regulations; statewide codes; summary tables;

building construction; building regulations; cities; code uniformity; enforcement; legislation; NBSIR 77- 1390.

s

Safety; shear wall; stiffness; buildings; damage; dynamic

response; earthquakes; SP470, pp. VI-33 —VI-46 (Apr.

1977).

Safety; standard; window; emergency egress; HUD; mobile home; racking; research; NBSIR 77-1246.

Safety; structures; deterministic; dynamics; earthquake;

probability; random vibrations; SP470, pp. VI- 1 —VI-21

(Apr. 1977).

Safety; structures; test methods; acoustics; appliances;

atmospheric; durability; electrical; environment; housing technology; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum property standards; per- formance criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing;

NBSIR 77-1316.

Safety of bathrooms; slip-resistance of bathtub and

shower base surfaces; slip-resistance testers; Kollsman

tester; NBS-Brungraber tester; NBSIR 76-1005.

Safety regulations; standards; accidents; benefit-cost

analysis; building codes; building economics; building

regulations; economic impact; electric shock; ground

fault circuit interrupters; national electric code;

SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Sand; soils; tests; undisturbed sampling; density;

liquefaction; SP477, pp. VI-141—VI-157 (May 1977).

Sand layer; shake table; vibration tests; void ratios;

earthquakes; liquefaction; SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr.

1977).

Sanitary drainage system; venting; cost savings; drainagewaste-vent; economics; life cycle; performance stan- dards; pipe; plumbing; reduced-size vents; 17296.

81
Scale factors; shear walls; current research; ductility;

FULL scale testing; high-rise masonry; BSS106, pp. 314-

326 (Sept. 1977).

School operation schedule; ventilation test; computerized thermal simulation; CO2 concentration; energy

conservation in schools; energy consumption; energy utiliza- tion in schools; oxygen content; reduced ventilation rate; BSS97.

Schools; building codes; building regulations; design

criteria; earthquakes; hospitals; SP470, pp. VI-64—VI-73

(Apr. 1977).

Seal durability and longevity; sealed insulating glass;

ASTM Test Standard for insulating glass; frost-point

MEASURING APPARATUS; MOISTURE CONDENSATION; 17286.

Sealed insulating glass; ASTM Test Standard for insulating glass; frost-point measuring apparatus; moisture

condensation; seal durability and longevity; 17286.

Seamless flooring; temperature characteristics; electrical heating elements; materials performance; radiant

panel-seamless flooring system; NBSIR 77-1263.

Seasonal performance; building heating system; computer

simulation; energy conservation; furnace; operating

cost; 16922.

Seasonal performance factor; cooling and heating coefhciENTs OF performance; effective seasonal heating COP;

heat pumps; heat pumps and energy conservation; partload performance; BSS93.

Security standards; burglary resistance; door assemblies;

DOOR components; doors; frames; hardware; hinges;

locks; 16714.

Seismic; costs; existing structures; optimization;

retrofitting; SP477, pp. VI-69—VI-84 (May 1977).

Seismic; earthquake; program; research; SP477, pp. VI- 28—VI-36 (May 1977).

Seismic; shear walls; spandrel beams; connections;

houses; masonry; piers; research; BSS106, pp. 60-90

(Sept. 1977).

Seismic; testing; wind; earthquake; research programs;

SP477, pp. VI-37—Vl-43 (May 1977).

Seismic; wooden house; classircation; damage; intensity;

SP477, pp. IV-1—IV-17 (May 1977).

Seismic coefficient; acceleration; accelerogram; gravity

quaywall; rock motion; SP477, pp. VI-192—VI-198 (May

1977).

Seismic design; structural design; structural engineering; structural research; building codes and stan- dards; design criteria; earthquake resistance; masonry

construction; BSS106.

Seismic design; structural design; structural research;

building codes and standards; design criteria;

earthquake resistance; limit states design; masonry

construction; materials testing standardization; mathematical models; rehabilitation; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept.

1977).

Seismic design criteria; building codes; buildings; construction; dwellings; earthquakes; SP470, pp. VI- 74—VI-88 (Apr. 1977).

Seismic effects; tornado; wind; nuclear power plant;

SP477, pp. VII-1—VII-28 (May 1977).

Seismic index; seismicity; earthquake; index; quake-sensitivity; SP477, pp. IV-47—IV-54 (May 1977).

Seismic loading; masonry; masonry panels; BSSW6, pp. 154-165 (Sept. 1977).

Seismic loading; shear strength; shear wall; stiffness;

analysis; compressive strength; deflection; design; flexURAL strength; masonry walls; racking strength;

BSS62.

Seismic provisions; specifications; structural engineering;

earthquakes; highway bridges; SP470, pp. VIII-1 —VIII-30

(Apr. 1977).

Seismic provisions; specifications; bridges; earthquake

design; earthquake forces; SP470, pp. VIII-31 —VIII-41 (Apr. 1977).

Seismic records; velocity; data; displacements; intensity;

SP477, pp. VI-179—VI-191 (May 1977).

Seismic response; two-dimensions; bedrock; modeling;

rheological; SP477, pp. IV-18—IV-46 (May 1977).

Seismicity; earthquake; index; quake-sensitivity; seismic

index; SP477, pp. IV-47—IV-54 (May 1977).

Seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; vessels

AND wind; accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; dis- aster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures;

hydraulic structures; sp470.

Seismicity; soils; standards; structural response; winds;

accelerograph; bridges; blhldings; codes; disaster;

dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures;

nuclear facilities; sp477.

Seismicity index; earthquake distributions; epicenters;

maps; SP470, pp. III-18—III-28 (Apr. 1977).

Seismometers; arrays; earthquakes; ground motion;

records; results; SP477, pp. III-16—III-25 (May 1977).

Self-help; standards; building codes; building regulation;

do-it-yourself; home construction; housing; rehabilitation; remodeling; renewal; renovation; NBS-GCR77-88. Sensory stimuli; communications; disaster communication;

emergency communications; hre communications; highrise communications; high-rise emergency; information

transfer; occupant needs; 17036.

Settlement; soils; alluvial deposits; earthquakes; epicenTRAL distance; LIQUEFACTION; SP470, pp. V-1 —V- 1 5 (Apr.

1977).

Shading; solar-heating; ventilation; windows; air- tightness; daylighting; energy-conservation; insulation; BSS104.

Shading coefficient; solar heat gain; window design; cli- matic data; cloud cover modirer; energy conservation;

17341.

Shake table; aseismic design; dynamic tests; nuclear reactors; OIL TANKS; power PLANTS; SP470, pp. VII-1 —VII-6 (Apr. 1977).

Shake table; testing; transformer; circuit breaker; data;

experiment; SP477, pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May 1977).

Shake table; vibration tests; void ratios; earthquakes;

liquefaction; sand layer; SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr.

1977).

Shake tables; testing; dynamic testing; lateral load simulation; models; SP470, pp. IX-1—IX-5 (Apr. 1977).

Shear; strength; apartment building; collapse; concrete;

concrete strength; construction; flexure; progressive

collapse; BSS94.

Shear modulus; testing; ultimate strength; anchor bolts;

bond; damping; ductility; earthquake resistance; energy

absorption; modulus of elasticity; partial reinforcing;

risk; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Shear strength; shear wall; stiffness; analysis; compressive strength; deflection; design; flexural strength;

masonry walls; racking strength; seismic loading;

BSS62.

Shear wall; stiffness; analysis; compressive strength;

deflection; design; flexural strength; masonry walls;

RACKING strength; SEISMIC LOADING; SHEAR STRENGTH;

BSS62.

Shear wall; stiffness; buildings; damage; dynamic

response; earthquakes; safety; SP470, pp. VI-33 —VI-46

(Apr. 1977).

Shear walls; codes; design; dynamic analysis; masonry;

BSS106, pp. 91-113 (Sept. 1977).

Shear walls; current research; ductility; full scale testing; high-rise masonry; scale factors; BSS106, pp. 314-

326 (Sept. 1977).

82
Shear walls; spandrel beams; connections; houses; masonry; piers; research; seismic; BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept.

1977).

Shear walls; splitting strength; ultimate capacity; brick;

CLAY masonry; concrete block; concrete masonry;

FAILURE modes; LOAD CAPACITY; MASONRY WALLS; BSS106,

pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Sheet piles; structural analysis; tests; foundation; LATERAL LOADS; SP470, pp. Vn-7—VII-60 (Apr. 1977).

Shocks, snow load; static load; trains; transportation;

TRUCKS; vibrations; wind load; acceleration; airplanes;

cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent static force; gravity

load; handling devices; handling loads; military held

shelters; probability distributions; NBSIR 77-1254.

Shoe sole and heel materials; slip-resistance tester; WALKWAY surfaces; WAXES AND POLISHES; FLOORING; FLOOR

treatments; TN953.

Shotcrete, surface wave instrumentation; veneer anchorage; allowable bolt loads, end distance, edge

distance and spacing; drift; face shells, reinforcing

splices; high lift GROimNO; BSS106, pp. 259-274 (Sept.

1977).

si; building codes and standards; construction industry;

dimensional coordination; metrication; metric system;

modular coordination; sp458.

Simulated behavior; building rres; rre behavior; high-rise

buildings; occupant behavior IN fires; NBS-GCR-77-92.

Simulation; utility service; computer programs; cooling;

energy analysis; hnancial analysis; heating; load calculation; MIUS; modular integrated utility system;

NBSIR 77-1307.

Site design; architectural controls; buildings; design

review; land use; municipalities; regulation; SP473, pp. 137-187 (June 1977).

Sites and services; socio-economic; structural design;

wind-resistant; architectural; design; housing; low in- come; LOW-RISE buildings; BSSIOO-5.

Slags; cement manufacture; energy conservation; fly

ashes; mineral waste utilization; 17010.

Slags; waste materials; coal by-products; construction

materials; industrial wastes; mining wastes; municipal

waste; NBSIR 77-1244.

Slip-resistance of bathtub and shower base surfaces; slipresistance testers; Kollsman tester; NBS-Brungraber

tester; safety of bathrooms; NBSIR 76-1005.

Slip-resistance tester; walkway surfaces; waxes and

polishes; flooring; floor treatments; shoe sole and

HEEL materials; TN953.

Slip-resistance testers; Kollsman tester; NBS-Brungraber

tester; safety of bathrooms; slip-resistance of bathtub

and shower base surfaces; nbsir 76-1005.

Social optimum; standards; building economics; economic

EFnciENCY; economics; energy; energy conservation;

life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; 17302.

Socio-economic; structural design; wind-resistant;

architectural; design; housing; low income; low-rise

buildings; sites and services; BSS100-5. Socio-economics; structural connections; technology

transfer; wind loads; codes and standards; disaster

mitigation; housing; low-rise buildings; BSSlOO-1.

Socio-economics; structural connections; wind loads;

codes and standards; disaster mitigation; housing; lowrise buildings; SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

SOCIO-PHYSICAL determinants; SYSTEMS THEORY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; input/output MODELS; LIFESTYLE FACTORS; PHYSI- CAL ENVIRONMENT; RESIDENTIAL HOUSING; SP473, pp. 69-83

(June 1977).

Soil; stiffness; testing; bore hole; k property; property;

SP477, pp. Vl-1 18—VI-140 (May 1977).

Soil properties; dynamics; field tests; laboratory tests; relationships; SP477, pp. VI-158—VI-178 (May 1977).

Soils; acceleration records; dynamic behavior;

earthquakes; response spectra; SP477, pp. III-41 —111-56 (May 1977).

Soils; alluvial deposits; earthquakes; epicentral distance;

liquefaction; settlement; SP470, pp. V-1 —V-15 (Apr.

1977).

Soils; standards; structural response; vessels and wind;

accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster;

dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures;

hydraulic structures; seismicity; sp470.

Soils; standards; structural response; winds; accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures; nuclear facilities; seismicity; sp477.

Soils; tests; undisturbed sampling; density; liquefaction;

sand; SP477, pp. Vl-141—VI-157 (May 1977).

Solar; building design; cost; energy conservation; energy

standards; fenestration; life-cycle costing;

retrofitting; 17107.

Solar; computer; energy; radiation; BSS96.

Solar; standards; State; architecture; buildings; design;

energy; legislation; NBSIR 77-1297.

Solar buildings; solar collectors; solar domestic hot

water systems; standards; thermal storage; NBSIR 77- 1272.

Solar collectors; solar domestic hot water systems;

standards; thermal storage; solar buildings; NBSIR 77- 1272.

Solar collectors; solar energy; standards; buildings;

cooling; heating; performance criteria; SP473, pp. 103-

1 12 (June 1977).

Solar collectors; structural performance; testing

procedures; thermal performance; durability/reliability; fire safety; rating criteria; nbsir 77-1305.

Solar domestic hot water systems; standards; thermal

storage; solar buildings; solar collectors; NBSIR 77- 1272.

Solar energy; standards; buildings; cooling; heating; per- formance criteria; solar collectors; SP473, pp. 103-112

(June 1977).

Solar energy; standards; buildings; cooling; heating;

laboratory accreditation; performance criteria; 16686.

Solar energy; standards; state-of-the-art study;

buildings; energy conservation; enforcement; legislation; regulations; NBSIR 77-1259.

Solar energy standards; standards users; communication

of research and standards; national bureau of stanDARDS; 16733.

Solar heat gain; window design; climatic data; cloud

COVER MODIHER; ENERGY CONSERVATION; SHADING COEFFI- CIENT; 17341.

Solar heating; surface temperature; built-up roofing; in- sulation; PERFORMANCE; RADIATIVE COOLING; ROORNG;

/ 7060.

Solar heating; surface temperature; built-up roofing; in- sulation; PERFORMANCE; RADIATIVE COOLING; ROOHNG;

17061.

Solar-heating; ventilation; windows; air-tightness;

daylighting; energy-conservation; insulation; shading;

BSS104. Space heating; testing; air conditioning; comfort; heat

pump; load-calculation; rating; residential; 17006.

Spandrel beams; connections; houses; masonry; piers;

research; seismic; shear walls; BSS106, pp. 60-90 (Sept.

1977).

SPECincATiONS; blended cements; fly ash; 16768.

SPECincATiONS; bridges; earthquake design; earthquake

FORCES; seismic PROVISIONS; SP470, pp. VIII-31 —VIII-41 (Apr. 1977).

83
SPECincATioNS; standards; system engineering; building

codes; computer model; decision table; decision theory;

networks; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Specifications; structural engineering; earthquakes;

highway bridges; seismic provisions; sp470, pp. viii- 1—VIII-30 (Apr. 1977).

Specifications; structural engineering; tunnels; aseismic

DESIGN criteria; DESIGN PROVISIONS; EARTHQUAKES; SP470,

pp. VIII-56—VIII-68 (Apr. 1977).

SPEcmcATioNs; structures; design; earthquakes; harbours;

ports; SP470, pp. VIII-42—VIII-55 (Apr. 1977).

SPEcmcATiONS; wind; bridges; SP477, pp. 1-34—1-48 (May

1977).

Spectra; structural engineering; tall buildings; turbulence; wind; aerodynamics; building (codes); pressure;

16843.

Sphere illumination; body shadow; contrast rendition;

HAND calculator; illuminating engineering; light

design; luminaire effectiveness; luminance factor; office lighting; NBSIR 77-1303.

Splitting strength; ultimate capacity; brick; clay masonry; CONCRETE block; CONCRETE MASONRY; FAILURE MODES;

LOAD capacity; MASONRY WALLS; SHEAR WALLS; BSSI06, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Standard; window; emergency egress; HUD; mobile home;

racking; research; safety; NBSIR 77-1246.

Standard test; thermal storage; / 734 7. Standards; accidents; benefit-cost analysis; building

codes; building economics; building regulations;

economic impact; electric shock; ground fault circuit

interrupters; national electric code; safety regulations; SP473, pp. 397-419 (June 1977).

Standards; building codes; building safety; control; in- struments; knowledge; legislation; life safety; regulation; SP473, pp. 259-278 (June 1977).

Standards; building codes; building regulation; do-ityourself; home construction; housing; rehabilitation;

remodeling; renewal; renovation; self-help; NBS-GCR77-88. Standards; building codes; community development; construction costs; contractors; housing; rehabilitation;

SP473, pp. 491-497 (June 1977).

Standards; building codes; computer programming; decision TABLES; graph THEORY; PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS; TN940.

Standards; building codes; computer programming; decision TABLES; GRAPH THEORY; PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS; 16705.

Standards; building codes; energy conservation; energy

efficiency; energy performance; model codes; / 7290.

Standards; building economics; economic efficiency;

economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource im- pact factors; resources; social optimum; 17302.

Standards; buildings; codes; energy conservation; regulatory community; 17111

.

Standards; buildings; cooling; heating; performance

criteria; solar collectors; solar energy; SP473, pp. 103-1 12 (June 1977).

Standards; buildings; cooling; heating; laboratory ac- creditation; performance criteria; solar energy; 16686.

Standards; court orders; human behavior; institutional

occupancies; interior design; physical environment;

regulation; research; SP473, pp. 55-67 (June 1977).

Standards; State; architecture; buildings; design; energy;

legislation; solar; NBSIR 77-1297.

Standards; state-of-the-art study; buildings; energy conservation; enforcement; legislation; regulations; solar

energy; NBSIR 77-1259.

Standards; structural response; vessels and wind; ac- celerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic ANALYSIS; earthquakes; GROUND FAILURES; HYDRAULIC

STRUCTURES; SEISMICITY; SOILS; SP470.

Standards; structural response; winds; accelerograph;

bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis;

earthquakes; ground failures; nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; sp477.

Standards; system engineering; building codes; computer

MODEL; decision TABLE; DECISION THEORY; NETWORKS;

sPECincATioNS; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Standards; technical bases; building research; building

technology; codes; criteria; project summaries; sp446-

1. Standards; thermal storage; solar buildings; solar collectors; SOLAR domestic HOT WATER SYSTEMS; NBSIR 77- 1272.

Standards development; administrative procedures; building codes; building regulations; buildings; economic im- pacts; ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS; INNOVATIVE PRACtices; regulatory research; sp473

.

Standards development; building codes; concrete testing;

evaluation; innovations; in-place testing; performance

approach; regulatory domination; SP473, pp. 279-284

(June 1977).

Standards users; communication of research and stan- dards; National Bureau of Standards; solar energy

standards; 16733.

State; architecture; buildings; design; energy; legislation; solar; standards; NBSIR 77-1297.

State-local relations; statewide codes; uniformity; building regulation; code administration; enforcement;

funding; local government; model codes; SP473, pp. 225-240 (June 1977).

State-of-the-art study; buildings; energy conservation;

enforcement; legislation; regulations; solar energy;

standards; NBSIR 77-1259.

Statewide codes; summary tables; building construction;

BUILDING regulations; CITIES; CODE UNIFORMITY; ENFORCE- MENT; legislation; rules and regulations; NBSIR 77- 1390.

Statewide codes; uniformity; building regulation; code

administration; enforcement; funding; local government; MODEL codes; STATE-LOCAL RELATIONS; SP473 , pp. 225-240 (June 1977).

Static load; trains; transportation; trucks; vibrations;

WIND load; acceleration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic

loads; equivalent static force; gravity load; handling

devices; handling loads; military field shelters; probability DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOCKS, SNOW LOAD; NBSIR 77-1254.

Statistical analysis; storms; structural ' engineering;

TROPICAL storms; WIND LOADS; WIND SPEEDS; BUILDING

CODES; buildings; codes and standards; housing; hurricanes; PRESSURE coefhcients; probability distribution

functions; risk; BSSlOO-2.

Statistical analysis; structural engineering; fire en- durance; fire tests; probability theory; reinforced

concrete; reliability; 17303.

Statistical analysis; structural engineering; uncertainty;

probability; reinforced concrete; reliability; 17304.

Statistics; structural design; wind; codes; probability;

16856.

Stiffness; analysis; compressive strength; deflection;

design; flexural strength; masonry walls; racking

strength; seismic loading; shear strength; shear wall;

BSS62.

Stiffness; buildings; damage; dynamic response;

earthquakes; safety; shear wall; SP470, pp. VI-33 —VI- 46 (Apr. 1977).

Stiffness; testing; bore hole; k property; property; soil; SP477, pp. VI-118—VI-140 (May 1977).

84
Stone decay; stone preservatives; accelerated laboratory

testing; performance criteria; TN94 1

.

Stone preservatives; accelerated laboratory testing; per- formance criteria; stone decay; TN941.

Storm surge; tropical storms; wind; wind data; wind

speed; hurricane; SP470, pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Storms; structural engineering; tropical storms; wind

loads; wind speeds; building codes; buildings; codes and

standards; housing; hurricanes; pressure coefficients;

probability distribution functions; risk; statistical

analysis; BSS100-2. Strength; apartment building; collapse; concrete;

CONCRETE strength; CONSTRUCTION; FLEXURE; PROGRESSIVE

collapse; SHEAR; BSS94.

Strength; columns; concrete; earthquake; hysteretic en- velope; reinforced; SP477, pp. VI-10—Vl-27 (May 1977).

Strong motion; buildings; instruments; SP477, pp. III- 26—III-40 (May 1977).

Strong-motion accelerographs; accelerographs;

earthquake data; earthquake records; held observations; SP470, pp. lV-1—lV-34 (Apr. 1977).

Strong-motion accelerographs; earthquakes; hydraulic

structures; inspection; instrumentation; SP470, pp. VI- 47—VI-63 (Apr. 1977).

Strong-motion data; accelerographs; data processing;

earthquake records; SP470, pp. IV-53 —IV-66 (Apr.

1977).

Strong-motion network; accelerographs; earthquake

data; earthquake records; field stations; SP470, pp. IV- 35—IV-52 (Apr. 1977).

Strong-motion record; cost effectiveness; ground motion;

network design; SP477, pp. 111-1—111-15 (May 1977).

Structural analysis; tests; foundation; lateral loads;

sheet piles; SP470, pp. VlI-7—VII-60 (Apr. 1977).

Structural analysis; velocities; vibrations; arch dam;

deflections; dynamic tests; model; SP477, pp. VI-85 —VI1 17 (May 1977).

Structural connections; technology transfer; wind

loads; codes and standards; disaster mitigation; housing; LOW-RISE BUILDINGS; SOCIO-ECONOMICS; BSSlOO-1.

Structural connections; wind loads; codes and stan- dards; DISASTER mitigation; HOUSING; LOW-RISE BUILDINGS; socio-ECONOMics; SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Structural design; structural engineering; structural

research; building codes and standards; design criteria;

earthquake resistance; masonry construction; seismic DESIGN; BSS1 06. Structural design; structural research; building codes

AND standards; DESIGN CRITERIA; EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE;

LIMIT STATES DESIGN; MASONRY CONSTRUCTION; MATERIALS

TESTING STANDARDIZATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REHABILITATION; RETROFIT; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Structural design; wind; codes; probability; statistics; 16856.

Structural design; wind-resistant; architectural; design;

housing; low income; low-rise buildings; sites and services; socio-economic; BSS100-5. Structural engineering; building codes; buildings; design;

earthquakes; SP477, pp. VI-61—VI-68 (May 1977).

Structural engineering; buildings; building codes;

earthquakes; natural disasters; SP490.

Structural engineering; buildings; live loads; load surveys; 16708.

Structural engineering; buildings (codes); live loads;

LOAD surveys; probability theory; 17305.

Structural engineering; earthquakes; highway bridges;

seismic provisions; specifications; sp470, pp. viii- 1 —viii- 30 (Apr. 1977).

Structural engineering; fire endurance; fire tests; probability theory; reinforced concrete; reliabilii'y; statisti- cal analysis; 17303.

Structural engineering; load factors; performance ap- proach; performance criteria; reliability analysis; re- liability-based design; resistance factors; 17306.

Structural engineering; structural research; building

codes and standards; design criteria; earthquake re- sistance; masonry construction; seismic design; struc- tural design; BSS106.

Structural engineering; structures; buildings;

earthquakes; research; SP470, pp. IX-6—IX- 16 (Apr.

1977).

Structural engineering; tall buildings; turbulence; wind;

aerodynamics; building (codes); pressure; spectra;

16843.

Structural engineering; tides; wind; buildings; cyclones;

disasters; SP477, pp. V-21—V-53 (May 1977).

Structural engineering; tornadoes; trajectories; dynamics; missiles; power plants; SP477, pp. VlI-36—VII-41 (May 1977).

Structural engineering; tropical storms; wind loads;

wind speeds; building codes; buildings; codes and stan- dards; housing; hurricanes; pressure coefficients;

probability distribution functions; risk; statistical

analysis; storms; BSS100-2. Structural engineering; tunnels; aseismic design criteria;

design provisions; earthquakes; specihcations; SP470,

pp. VIII-56—VIlI-68 (Apr. 1977).

Structural engineering; uncertainty; abnormal loading;

alternate path; building code; design criteria; probability; progressive collapse; reliability; BSS98.

Structural engineering; uncertainty; probability; reinforced concrete; reliability; statistical analysis; / 7304.

Structural integrity; buildings; collapse; concrete;

panels; SP477, pp. VI-220—VI-25 1 (May 1977).

Structural performance; testing procedures; thermal

performance; durability/reliability; hre safety; rating

criteria; solar collectors; NBSIR 77-1305.

Structural performance; uniform loads; concentrated

loads; design criteria; mode of failure; racking re- sistance; SP477, pp. 1-66—1-69 (May 1977).

Structural research; building codes and standards;

design criteria; earthquake resistance; masonry construction; seismic design; structural design; structural

engineering; BSS106.

Structural research; building codes and standards;

design criteria; earthquake resistance; limit states

design; masonry construction; materials testing stan- dardization; mathematical models; rehabilitation;

retrofit; seismic design; BSS106, pp. 40-59 (Sept. 1977).

Structural response; vessels and wind; accelerograph;

bridges; buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis;

earthquakes; ground failures; hydraulic structures;

seismicity; soils; standards; SP470.

Structural response; winds; accelerograph; bridges;

buildings; codes; disaster; dynamic analysis;

earthquakes; ground failures; nuclear facilities; seismicity; soils; standards; SP477.

Structural walls; design procedures; earthquake excitation OF structures; earthquake resistant structures; reinforcing details; SP477, pp. VI- 199—VI-219 (May

1977).

Structures; buildings; earthquakes; research; structural

engineering; SP470, pp. IX-6—IX-16 (Apr. 1977).

Structures; design; earthquakes; harbours; ports; specih- CATIONS; SP470, pp. VIII-42—VIII-55 (Apr. 1977).

Structures; deterministic; dynamics; earthquake; probability; random vibrations; safety; SP470, pp. VI- 1 —VI-21

(Apr. 1977).

Structures; frequency response; least weight; optimization; SP470, pp. VI-22—Vl-32 (Apr. 1977).

85
Structures; test methods; acoustics; appliances; at- mospheric; DURABILITY; electrical; environment; housing

TECHNOLOGY; HVAC; innovative construction; maintainability; materials; minimum property standards; per- formance criteria; performance evaluation; plumbing;

safety; NBSIR 77-1316.

Structures; typhoon; wind; wind effects; damage; SP477,

pp. V-1—V-20 (May 1977).

Summary tables; building construction; building regulations; cities; code uniformity; enforcement; legislation;

rules and regulations; statewide codes; NBSIR 77-1390.

Sun-shading; ventilation; windows; daylighting; infiltration; insulation; passive-solar-heating; 17298.

Surface temperature; built-up roofing; insulation; per- formance; radiative cooling; roofing; solar heating;

17060.

Surface temperature; built-up roofing; insulation; per- formance; radiative cooling; roorng; solar heating;

17061.

Survey; construction; dams; earthquake; earth structures; roads; SP477, pp. VI-44—VI-49 (May 1977).

Survey of buildings; Air Force facilities; building energy

conservation; energy management; evaluation and

monitoring; 17062.

Surveys; x-ray fluorescence; children; data analysis;

housing; lead paint; lead poisoning; NBSIR 77-1250.

System engineering; building codes; computer model; decision table; decision theory; networks; specifications;

standards; SP473, pp. 285-316 (June 1977).

Systems theory; energy consumption; input/output

models; lifestyle factors; physical environment; re- sidential housing; socio-physical determinants; SP473,

pp. 69-83 (June 1977).

T

Take-home car program; breakeven analysis; life-cycle

costing; patrol cars; personal car plan; police fleet

administration; 17299.

Tall buildings; turbulence; wind; aerodynamics; building

(codes); pressure; spectra; structural engineering;

16843.

Tall buildings; wind loads; design; equivalent loads;

SP477, pp. 1-49—1-65 (May 1977).

Tall buildings; wind profiles; boundary layer; hurricanes; loads (forces); natural analysis; SP477, pp. II- 30—11-40 (May 1977).

Task lighting; energy conservation; illumination; illumination levels; lighting; 17293.

Technical bases; building research; building technology;

codes; criteria; project summaries; standards; SP446-1

.

Technical issues in metrication; construction industry

metrication; metrication benefits; rationalization;

17040.

Technology transfer; timber roofs; timber walls; wind

effects; codes and standards; connectors; fasteners;

low-rise buildings; masonry walls' structural design;

BSS100-3. Technology transfer; wind loads; codes and standards;

disaster mitigation; housing; low-rise buildings; socioeconomics; STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS; BSSlOO-1.

Temperature characteristics; electrical heating ele- ments; MATERIALS PERFORMANCE; RADIANT PANEL-SEAMLESS

FLOORING system; SEAMLESS FLOORING; NBSIR 77-1263.

Test methods; acoustics; appliances; atmospheric; durability; ELECTRICAL; ENVIRONMENT; HOUSING TECHNOLOGY;

HVAC; INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION; MAINTAINABILITY; MATERIALS; MINIMUM PROPERTY STANDARDS; PERFORMANCE

criteria; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; PLUMBING; SAFETY; STRUCTURES; NBSIR 77-1316.

Test methods; bituminous roof membranes; built-up roof

membranes; coal-tar pitch; performance criteria; physical and engineering properties; nbsir 77-1256.

Testing; air conditioning; comfort; heat pump; load-calCULATION; rating; RESIDENTIAL; SPACE HEATING; 1 7006.

Testing; anthropomorphic dummies; building safety; dummies; guidebook; NBS-GCR-77-91 . Testing; bore hole; k property; property; soil; stiffness;

SP477, pp. VI-1 18—VI-140 (May 1977).

Testing; dynamic testing; lateral load simulation;

models; shake tables; SP470, pp. IX-1—IX-5 (Apr. 1977).

Testing; transformer; circuit breaker; data; experiment;

shake table; SP477, pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May 1977).

Testing; ultimate strength; anchor bolts; bond; damping;

ductility; earthquake resistance; energy absorption;

modulus of elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear

modulus; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Testing; wind; earthquake; research programs; seismic;

SP477, pp. VI-37—VI-43 (May 1977).

Testing procedures; thermal performance; durability/rel

iability; fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors;

structural performance; NBSIR 77-1305.

Tests; foundation; lateral loads; sheet piles; structural

analysis; SP470, pp. VII-7— VII-60 (Apr. 1977). Tests; undisturbed sampling; density; liquefaction; sand;

soils; SP477, pp. VI- 14 1 —VI-1 57 (May 1977).

Thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography;

AIR infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss

reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; NBSIR 77-1274.

Thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; condensation

IN walls; insulating properties; 17284.

Thermal energy storage; transpiration heat transfer;

porous media; NBSIR 77-1237.

Thermal insulation; condensation in walls; insulating

properties; thermal conductivity; / 7284.

Thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; con- densation IN buildings; energy conservation; energy

measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting

houses; thermal conductivity; NBSIR 77-1274.

Thermal performance; durability/reliability; fire safety;

RATING criteria; SOLAR COLLECTORS; STRUCTURAL PER- formance; testing procedures; nbsir 77-1305.

Thermal storage; solar buildings; solar collectors;

SOLAR domestic HOT WATER SYSTEMS; STANDARDS; NBSIR

77-1272.

Thermal storage; standard test; 17347.

Thermographic surveys; thermography; energy conservation; ENERGY SURVEYS; INFRARED; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; 16901.

Thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements;

fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties;

residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; THERMAL INSULATION; NBSIR 77-1274.

Thermography; air infiltration; energy conservation; mobile home; part-load efrciency; NBSIR 76-1182.

Thermography; buildings; energy conservation; evaluation; inspection; retrofit; 16902.

Thermography; energy conservation; energy surveys; in- frared; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; THERMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS; 16901.

Thermography; heat-flow measurements; infrared heatloss MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE; MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY;

TN933.

Thunderstroms; tornadoes; wind; wind damage; extra- tropical STORMS; hurricanes; SP477, pp. 11-15 —11-29 (May

1977).

86
Tides; wind; buildings; cyclones; disasters; structural en- gineering; SP477, pp. V-21—V-53 (May 1977).

Timber roofs; timber walls; wind effects; codes and stan- dards; connectors; fasteners; low-rise buildings;

MASONRY walls' STRUCTURAL DESIGN; TECHNOLOGY

transfer; BSS100-3. Timber walls; wind effects; codes and standards; connectors; fasteners; low-rise buildings; masonry walls'

structural design; technology transfer; timber roofs;

BSS100-3. Tornado; wind; nuclear power plant; seismic effects; SP477, pp. VII-l—Vn-28 (May 1977).

Tornado model; tornados; wind speed; fires; fire tor- nados; SP470, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Tornadoes; trajectories; dynamics; missiles; power plants;

structural engineering; SP477, pp. Vn-36—VlI-41 (May

1977).

Tornadoes; wind; wind damage; extra-tropical storms; hurricanes; thunderstroms; SP477, pp. 11-15 —11-29 (May

1977).

Tornados; wind speed; fires; fire tornados; tornado

model; SP470, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Total energy; utility system; institutional factors;

Modular Integrated Utility System; NBSIR 76-1103.

Total energy; utility systems; abstracted reports and articles; HUD Modular Integrated Utility Systems

(MIUS) Program; SP489.

Total energy systems; absorption chillers; boiler per- formance; central utility plant; diesel engine; enginegenerator efficiency; heat recovery; performance;

NBSIR 77-1243.

Total energy systems; diesel engine performance; enginegenerator efficiency; engine-generator performance;

HEAT recovery; NBSIR 77-1207.

Towers; wind; wind observation; wind tunnel; field measurements; model; SP470, pp. l-l —1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Training; Turkey; earthquake engineering; earthquakes;

education; India; Iran; SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr.

1977).

Trains; transportation; trucks; vibrations; wind load; ac- celeration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent

STATIC force; gravity LOAD; HANDLING DEVICES; HANDLING

loads; MILITARY FIELD SHELTERS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOCKS, SNOW load; STATIC LOAD; NBSIR 77-1254.

Trajectories; dynamics; missiles; power plants; structural

ENGINEERING; TORNADOES; SP477, pp. VII-36—VII-4 1 (May

1977).

Transformer; circuit breaker; data; experiment; shake

table; testing; SP477, pp. VI-50—VI-60 (May 1977).

Transpiration heat transfer; porous media; thermal ener- gy storage; NBSIR 77-1237.

Transportation; trucks; vibrations; wind load; acceleration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent static

force; gravity load; handling devices; handling loads;

military field shelters; probability distributions;

SHOCKS, snow load; static load; trains; NBSIR 77-1254.

Tropical storms; wind; wind data; wind speed; hurricane;

STORM surge; SP470, pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Tropical storms; wind loads; wind speeds; building codes;

buildings; codes and standards; housing; hurricanes;

pressure coefticients; probability distribution functions; risk; statistical analysis; storms; structural en- gineering; BSSlOO-2.

Trucks; vibrations; wind load; acceleration; airplanes;

cargo; dynamic loads; equivalent static force; gravity

load; handling devices; handling loads; military field

shelters; probability distributions; shocks, snow load;

static load; trains; transportation; NBSIR 77-1254.

Tunnels; aseismic design criteria; design provisions;

earthquakes; specifications; structural engineering;

SP470, pp. VIIl-56—VIII-68 (Apr. 1977).

Turbulence; wind; aerodynamics; building (codes); pres- sure; spectra; structural engineering; tall buildings;

16843.

Turbulence; wind loads; wind tunnels; aerodynamics;

boundary layers; buildings; nbsir 77-1196.

Turkey; earthquake engineering; earthquakes; education;

India; Iran; training; SP470, pp. X-12—X-16 (Apr. 1977).

Two-dimensions; bedrock; modeling; rheological; seismic

response; SP477, pp. IV-18—IV-46 (May 1977).

Typhoon; wind; wind effects; damage; structures; SP477,

pp. V-1—V-20 (May 1977).

Typhoon; wind; wind effects; damage; SP477, pp. V-54—V59 (May 1977).

Typhoon; wind pressure; buildings; dynamic effects; high

winds; roofs; SP470, pp. II- 1—11-19 (Apr. 1977).

Typhoon; wind speeds; damage; effects; houses; SP477, pp. II-l—11-14 (May 1977).

Typical construction characteristics; typical new house

materials; windows; building envelope; energy conservation base; insulation; residential design practices;

NBSIR 77-1309.

Typical new house materials; windows; building envelope;

energy conservation base; insulation; residential design

practices; typical construction characteristics; NBSIR

77-1309.

u

"U" values; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building stan- dards; buildings; energy conservation; minimum property standards; multiple glazing; SP473, pp. 85-101 (June

1977).

Ultimate capacity; brick; clay masonry; concrete block;

concrete masonry; failure modes; load capacity; masonry walls; shear walls; splitting strength; BSS106, pp. 177-197 (Sept. 1977).

Ultimate strength; anchor bolts; bond; damping; ductility; earthquake resistance; energy absorption; modulus

OF elasticity; partial reinforcing; risk; shear modulus;

testing; BSS106, pp. 255-258 (Sept. 1977).

Uncertainty; abnormal loading; alternate path; building

code; design criteria; probability; progressive collapse;

reliability; structural engineering; BSS98.

Uncertainty; probability; reinforced concrete; reliabili- ty; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING; / 7304.

Undisturbed sampling; density; liquefaction; sand; soils; tests; SP477, pp. VI-141—VI-157 (May 1977).

Uniform loads; concentrated loads; design criteria; mode

OF failure; racking resistance; structural performance;

SP477, pp. 1-66—1-69 (May 1977).

Uniformity; building regulation; code administration; en- forcement; funding; local government; model codes;

state-local relations; statewide codes; sp473, pp. 225-

240 (June 1977).

Unionization; building official; building regulation; education; HOUSING demand; innovation; regulatory barriers; RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION; SP473, pp. 113-135 (June

1977).

Universal Color Language; variable accuracy of color

designations; centroid colors; color; color designations; calorimetry; color names; color-order systems;

MuNSELL Color System; SP440.

Urban renewal; building codes; housing; rehabilitation;

remodeling; residential; NBS-GCR-77-87.

Urea-formaldehyde; cellular plastics; foam insulation;

insulation; materials properties; performance; TN946.

Utility services; computer programs; cooling; energy

ANALYSIS; financial ANALYSIS; HEATING; LOAD CALCULATION;

MIUS; MODULAR INTEGRATED UTILITY SYSTEM; SIMULATION; NBSIR 77-1307.

87
Utility system; institutional factors; Modular Integrated

Utility System; total energy; NBSIR 76-1 103. Utility systems; abstracted reports and articles; HUD

Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Program;

total energy; SP489.

V

Vapor condensation; air, moisture and heat transfer

theory; cold storage insulation; fibrous-glass insulaTION; 17340.

Variable accuracy of color designations; centroid

colors; color; color designations; calorimetry; color

names; color-order systems; Munsell Color System;

Universal Color Language; SP440.

Velocities; vibrations; arch dam; deflections; dynamic

tests; model; structural analysis; SP477, pp. VI-85 —VI- 117 (May 1977).

Velocity; data; displacements; intensity; seismic records;

SP477, pp. VI-179—VI-191 (May 1977).

Veneer anchorage; allowable bolt loads, end distance,

edge distance and spacing; drift; face shells, reinforcing splices; high lift grouting; shotcrete, surface wave

instrumentation; BSSI06, pp. 259-274 (Sept. 1977).

Ventilation; windows; air-tightness; daylighting; energyconservation; insulation; shading; solar-heating;

BSS104.

Ventilation; windows; daylighting; infiltration; insulation; passive-solar-heating; sun-shading; / 7298.

Ventilation control; weather data analysis; air conditioning requirements; energy conservation; intermittent ventilation; NBSIR 76-1088.

Ventilation test; computerized thermal simulation; CO2

concentration; energy conservation in schools; energy consumption; energy utilization in schools; oxygen content; reduced ventilation rate; school operation schedule; BSS97.

Venting; cost savings; drainaoe-waste-vent; economics;

life cycle; performance standards; pipe; plumbing;

reduced-size vents; sanitary drainage system; / 7296.

Vessels and wind; accelerograph; bridges; buildings;

codes; disaster; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground

failures; hydraulic structures; seismicity; soils; stan- dards; structural response; SP470.

Vibration tests; void ratios; earthquakes; liquefaction;

sand layer; shake table; SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr.

1977).

Vibrations; arch dam; deflections; dynamic tests; model;

structural analysis; velocities; sp477, pp. vi-85 —vi117 (May 1977).

Vibrations; wind load; acceleration; airplanes; cargo;

DYNAMIC loads; EQUIVALENT STATIC FORCE; GRAVITY LOAD;

HANDLING DEVICES; HANDLING LOADS; MILITARY FIELD SHELTERS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOCKS, SNOW LOAD;

STATIC LOAD; TRAINS; TRANSPORTATION; TRUCKS; NBSIR 77- 1254.

Vision; visual acuity; visual capacities; modulation

transfer function; nondestructive testing; 17015.

Visual acuity; visual capacities; modulation transfer

FUNCTION; nondestructive TESTING; VISION; 17015.

Visual capacities; modulation transfer function; nondestructive testing; vision; visual acuity; 17015.

Void ratios; earthquakes; liquefaction; sand layer; shake

TABLE; vibration TESTS; SP470, pp. V-16—V-35 (Apr.

1977).

w

Walkway surfaces; waxes and polishes; flooring; floor

treatments; shoe sole and heel materials; slip-re- SISTANCE tester; TN953.

Waste; boilers; economics; energy conservation; instrumentation; RECUPERATORS; H121.

Waste materials; coal by-products; construction materials; industrial wastes; mining wastes; municipal waste;

slags; NBSIR 77-1244.

Water hammer in thermoplastic pipe; intermittent hot

water exposure tests of thermoplastic pipe; pressure

shock in thermoplastic pipe; NBSIR 77-1261.

Waxes and polishes; flooring; floor treatments; shoe

sole and heel materials; slip-resistance tester; walkway surfaces; TN953.

Weather data analysis; air conditioning requirements;

energy conservation; intermittent ventilation; ventilation control; NBSIR 76-1088.

Wind; aerodynamics; building (codes); pressure; spectra;

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING; TALL BUILDINGS; TURBULENCE"

16843.

Wind; architecture; buildings; connectors; design

criteria; fasteners; NBSIR 77-1197.

Wind; bridges; specircations; SP477, pp. 1-34—1-48 (May

1977).

Wind; buildings; cyclones; disasters; structural engineering; tides; SP477, pp. V-21—V-53 (May 1977).

Wind; codes; probability; statistics; structural design16856.

Wind; dynamics; failure; roofs; SP477, pp. 1-12—1-20 (May

1977).

Wind; earthquake; research programs; seismic; testing;

SP477, pp. VI-37—VI-43 (May 1977).

Wind; nuclear power plant; seismic effects; tornado;

SP477, pp. VIM—VII-28 (May 1977).

Wind; wind damage; extra-tropical storms; hurricanes;

thunderstroms; tornadoes; SP477, pp. 11-15 —11-29 (May

1977).

Wind; wind data; wind speed; hurricane; storm surge;

tropical storms; SP470, pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Wind; wind effects; damage; structures; typhoon; SP477,

pp. V-1—V-20 (May 1977).

Wind; wind effects; damage; typhoon; SP477, pp. V-54—V59 (May 1977).

Wind; wind effects; wind loads; wind observation; wind

speed; building; SP470, pp. 1-42—1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Wind; wind observation; wind tunnel; field measurements; model; towers; SP470, pp. I-l —1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Wind; wind velocity spectra; SP477, pp. I-l —I- 11 (May

1977).

Wind angles; wind tunnel; bridge; cabled stayed; dis- placements; flutter; models; SP470, pp. 11-47 —11-67 (Apr. 1977).

Wind damage; extra-tropical storms; hurricanes; thunderstroms; tornadoes; wind; SP477, pp. 11-15 —11-29 (May

1977).

Wind data; wind speed; hurricane; storm surge; tropical

storms; wind; SP470, pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Wind effects; codes and standards; connectors;

fasteners; low-rise buildings; masonry walls' struc- tural design; technology transfer; timber roofs; timber

walls; BSS100-3. Wind effects; damage; structures; typhoon; wind; SP477,

pp. V-1—V-20 (May 1977).

Wind effects; damage; typhoon; wind; SP477, pp. V-54—V59 (May 1977).

Wind effects; wind loads; wind observation; wind speed;

building; wind; SP470, pp. 1-42—1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Wind engineering; wind studies; education; research;

research programs; SP470, pp. II-l —11-10 (Apr. 1977).

88
Wind load; acceleration; airplanes; cargo; dynamic

loads; equivalent static force; gravity load; handling

DEVICES; handling loads; military field shelters; probability distributions; shocks, snow load; static load;

trains; transportation; trucks; vibrations; NBSIR 77- 1254.

Wind loads; aerodynamics; buildings; full-scale testing;

mobile homes; SP477, pp. 1-21—1-33 (May 1977).

Wind profiles; boundary layer; hurricanes; loads

(forces); natural analysis; tall buildings; SP477, pp. II- 30—11-40 (May 1977).

Wind speed; bridges; displacements; field tests; wind measurements; winds; SP470, pp. 11-20—11-46 (Apr. 1977).

Wind speed; building; wind; wind effects; wind loads;

WIND observation; SP470, pp. 1-42—1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Wind speed; fires; fire tornados; tornado model; tor- nados; SP4 70, pp. 1-28—1-41 (Apr. 1977).

Wind speed; hurricane; storm surge; tropical storms;

wind; wind data; SP470, pp. 1-18—1-27 (Apr. 1977).

Wind speeds; building codes; buildings; codes and stan- dards; housing; hurricanes; pressure coefficients;

probability distribution functions; risk; statistical

analysis; storms; structural engineering; tropical

storms; wind loads; BSSlOO-2.

Wind speeds; damage; effects; houses; typhoon; SP477, pp. II-l—11-14 (May 1977).

Wind studies; education;, research; research programs;

wind engineering; SP470, pp. II-l—11-10 (Apr. 1977).

Wind study; ANSI 58; low-rise buildings; 17115.

Wind tunnel; bridge; cabled stayed; displacements;

flutter; models; wind angles; SP470, pp. 11-47 —11-67 (Apr. 1977).

Wind tunnel; field measurements; model; towers; wind;

WIND observation; SP470, pp. I-l—1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Wind tunnel test; field studies; high winds; instrumentation; Philippines; SP470, pp. X-1—X-1 1 (Apr. 1977).

Wind tunnels; aerodynamics; boundary layers; buildings;

turbulence; wind loads; NBSIR 77-1 196. Wind velocity spectra; wind; SP477, pp. I-l—Ml (May

1977).

Wind-load racking; air leakage of buildings; building

heat transfer; honeycomb panel construction;

relocatable buildings; NBSIR 76-1 178. Window; emergency egress; HUD; mobile home; racking;

research; safety; standard; NBSIR 77-1246.

Window design; climatic data; cloud cover modifier;

ENERGY conservation; SHADING COEFFICIENT; SOLAR HEAT

GAIN; 17341

.

Windows; air-tightness; daylighting; energy-conservation; insulation; shading; solar-heating; ventilation;

BSS104.

Windows; building envelope; energy conservation base; insulation; residential design practices; typical construction characteristics; typical new house materials;

NBSIR 77-1309.

Windows; daylighting; infiltration; insulation; passivesolar-heating; SUN-SHADING; VENTILATION; 17298.

Wind-resistant; architectural; design; housing; low in- come; LOW-RISE BUILDINGS; SITES AND SERVICES; SOCIO- economic; structural design; bssloo-5.

Winds; accelerograph; bridges; buildings; codes; disaster;

dynamic analysis; earthquakes; ground failures;

nuclear FACILITIES; SEISMICITY; SOILS; STANDARDS; STRUCtural response; sp477.

Winds; wind speed; bridges; displacements; field tests; WIND MEASUREMENTS; SP470, pp. 11-20—11-46 (Apr. 1977).

Wooden house; classification; damage; intensity; seismic; SP477, pp. lV-1—IV-17 (May 1977).

Wind loads; codes and standards; disaster mitigation;

housing; low-rise buildings; socio-economics; struc- tural connections; technology transfer; BSSIOO-I.

Wind loads; codes and standards; disaster mitigation;

housing; low-rise buildings; socio-econoh4ics; struc- tural connections; SP477, pp. 1-70—1-78 (May 1977).

Wind loads; design; equivalent loads; tall buildings;

SP477, pp. 1-49—1-65 (May 1977).

Wind loads; wind observation; wind speed; building; wind;

wind effects; SP470, pp. 1-42—1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Wind loads; wind speeds; building codes; buildings; codes

AND standards; housing; hurricanes; pressure coefficients; probability distribution functions; risk; statisti- cal analysis; storms; structural engineering; tropical

storms; BSSlOO-2.

Wind loads; wind tunnels; aerodynamics; boundary

layers; buildings; turbulence; NBSIR 77-1 196. Wind measurements; winds; wind speed; bridges; displace- ments; HELD tests; SP470, pp. 11-20— 11-46 (Apr. 1977).

Wind observation; wind speed; building; wind; wind ef- fects; wind loads; SP470, pp. 1-42— 1-49 (Apr. 1977).

Wind observation; wind tunnel; field measurements;

model; towers; wind; SP470, pp. I-l —1-17 (Apr. 1977).

Wind pressure; buildings; dynamic effects; high winds;

roofs; typhoon; SP470, pp. II-l—11-19 (Apr. 1977).

X

X-RAY fluorescence; CHILDREN; DATA ANALYSIS; HOUSING; LEAD PAINT; LEAD POISONING; SURVEYS; NBSIR 77-1250.

89
I11
Appendices

I

91
i
APPENDIX A. LIST OF DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES

ALABAMA

Alexander City: Alexander City State Junior College, Thomas

D. Russell Library (1967).

Auburn: Auburn University, Ralph Brown Draughon Library

(1907).

Birmingham:

Birmingham Public Library (1895).

Birmingham-Southern College Library (1932).

Jefferson State Junior College, James B. Allen Library

(1970).

Samford University, Harwell G. Davis Library (1 884).

Enterprise: Enterprise State Junior College Library (1967).

Florence: University of North Alabama, Collier Library (1932).

Gadsden: Gadsden Public Library (1963).

Huntsville: University of Alabama, Huntsville Campus Library

(1964).

Jacksonville: Jacksonville State University, Ramona Wood

Library (1929).

Maxwell A.F. Base: Air University Library (1963).

Mobile:

Mobile Public Library (

1 963).

Spring Hill College, Thomas Byrne Memorial Library

(1937).

University of South Alabama Library (1968).

Montgomery:

Alabama State Department of Archives and History Library (1884).

Alabama Supreme Court Library (1884).

Auburn University at Montgomery Library (1971)— REGIONAL.

Normal: Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical College, Drake

Memorial Library (1963).

St. Bernard: St. Bernard College Library ( 1 962).

Troy: Troy State University, Lurleen B. Wallace Educational

Resources Center (1963).

i Tuskegee Institute: Tuskegee Institute, Hollis Burke Frissell Library (1907).

University:

U niversity of Alabama, School of Law Library ( 1 967).

University of Alabama Library ( 1 860) - REG IONAL

ALASKA

Anchorage:

Anchorage Higher Education Consortium Library (1961).

Supreme Court of Alaska Library (1973).

College: University of Alaska, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library

(1922). Juneau: Alaska State Library (1964).

Ketchikan: Ketchikan Community College Library (1970).

ARIZONA

Coolidge: Central Arizona College, Instructional Materials

Center (1973).

Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University Library (1937).

Phoenix:

' Department of Library and Archives (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Phoenix Public Library ( 1 9 1 7). Prescott: Yavapai College Library (1976).

> Tempe: ArizonaState University, Matthews Library (1944).

; Thatcher: Eastern Arizona J unior College Library (1963).

Tucson:

Tucson Public Library (1970).

University of Arizona Library (1907) - REGION A L. Yuma: Yuma City-County Library (

1 963 ).

ARKANSAS

Arkadelphia: Ouachita Baptist University, Riley Library (1963).

Batesville: Arkansas College Library (1963).

Clarksville: College of the Ozarks Library (1925).

Conway: Hendrix College, O. C. Bailey Library (1903).

Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Library (1907).

Little Rock:

Arkansas Supreme Court Library (1962).

Little Rock Public Library (1953).

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Library (1973).

Magnolia: Southern Arkansas University, Mogale Library

(1956).

Monticello: University of Arkansas at Monticello Library

(1956).

Pine Bluff: University of Arkansas, Watson Memorial Library

(1976).

Russellville: Arkansas Tech University, Tomlinson Library

(1925).

Searcy: Harding College, Beaumont Memorial Library (1963). State College: Arkansas State University, Dean B. Ellis Library

(1913).

Walnut Ridge: Southern Baptist College, Felix Goodson Library

(1967).

CALIFORNIA

Anaheim: Anaheim Public Library ( 1 963).

Arcadia: Arcadia Public Library (1975). Areata: Humboldt State College Library ( 1 963 ). Bakersfield:

California State College, Bakersfield Library (1974).

Kern County Library System (1943).

Berkeley:

University of California, General Library (1907).

University of California, Law Library, Earl Warren Legal

Center (1963).

Carson: Carson Regional Library (1973).

Chico: Chico State University Library (1962).

Claremont: Pomona College Documents Collection, Honnold

Library (1913).

Compton: Compton Library (1972).

Culver City: Culver City Library (1966).

Davis:

University of California at Davis Library (1953).

University of California at Davis, School of Law Library

(1972).

Dominguez Hills: California State College, Dominguez Hills,

Educational Resources Center (1973).

Downey: Downey City Library (1963). Fresno: Fresno County Free Library ( 1 920).

California State University Library (1962). Fullerton: California State University at Fullerton Library

(1963).

Garden Grove: Garden Grove Regional Library (1963).

Gardena: Gardena Public Library (1966).

Hayward: California State College at Hayward Library (1963).

Huntington Park: Huntington Park Library, San Antonio Region

(1970).

93
Inglewood: Inglewood Public Library (1963).

Irvine: University of California at Irvine Library (1963).

La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, University Library (1963).

Lakewood: Angelo lacoboni Public Library (1970). Lancaster: Lancaster Regional Library (1967).

Long Beach:

California State College at Long Beach Library (1962).

Long Beach Public Library (1933).

Los Angeles:

California State College at Los Angeles, John F. Kennedy

Memorial Library (

1 956).

Los Angeles County Law Library (1963).

Los Angeles Public Library (1891).

Loyola University of Los Angeles Library (1933).

Occidental College, Mary Norton Clapp Library (1941).

Pepperdine University Library (1963).

Southwestern University, School of Law Library (1975).

University of California at Los Angeles Library (1932).

University of California at Los Angeles, Law Library

(1958).

University of Southern California Library (1933).

Menio Park: Department of the Interior, Geological Survey

Library (1962).

Montebello: Montebello Library (1966).

Monterey: Naval Postgraduate School Library (1963).

Monterey Park: Bruggemeyer Memorial Library (1964).

Northridge: California State University at Northridge Library

(1958).

Norwalk: Los Cerritos Regional Library (1973).

Oakland:

Mills College Library (1966).

Oakland Public Library (1923).

Ontario: Ontario City Library ( 1 974).

Pasadena:

California Institute of Technology, Millikan Memorial

Library (1933).

Pasadena Public Library (1963).

Pleasant Hill: Contra Costa County Library (1964).

Redding: Shasta County Library (1 956).

Redlands: University of Redlands, Armacost Library (1933).

Redwood City; Redwood City Public Library (1966).

Reseda: West Valley Regional Branch Library (1966).

Richmond: Richmond Public Library (1943).

Riverside:

Riverside Public Library (1947).

University of California at Riverside Library (1963).

Sacramento:

California State Library (1 895) - REGIONAL.

Sacramento City-County Library (1880).

Sacramento County Law Library (1963).

Sacramento State College Library (1963).

San Bernardino: San Bernardino County Free Library (1964).

San Diego:

San Diego State University, Love Library (1962).

San Diego County Law Library (1973).

San Diego County Library ( 1 966).

San Diego Public Library (1895).

U ni versity of San Diego Law Library ( 1 967).

San Francisco:

Mechanics' Institute Library ( 1 889).

San Francisco Public Library ( 1 889).

San Francisco State College, Social Science and Business

Library (1955).

Supreme Court of California Library (1972). U.S. Court of Appeals for Ninth Circuit Library (1971).

University of San Francisco, Richard A. Gleeson Library

(1963).

San Jose: San Jose State College Library (1962).

San Leandro: San Leandro Community Library Center (1961).

San Luis Obispo: California Polytechnic State University Library (1969).

San Rafael: Marin County Free Library (1975).

Santa Ana:

Orange County Law Library ( 1 975).

Santa Ana Public Library ( 1 959).

Santa Barbara: University of California at Santa Barbara Library (1960).

Santa Clara: University of Santa Clara, Orradre Library (1963).

Santa Cruz: University of California at Santa Cruz Library

(1963).

Santa Rosa: Santa Rosa-Sonoma County Public Library (1896).

Stanford: Stanford University Libraries (1895).

Stockton: Public Library of Stockton and San Joaquin County

(1884).

Thousand Oaks: California Lutheran College Library (1964). Torrance: Torrance Civic Center Library (1969).

Turlock: Stanislaus State College Library (1964).

Valencia: Valencia Regional Library (1972).

Van Nuys: Los Angeles Valley College Library (1970). Ventura: Ventura County Library Services Agency (1975).

Visalia: Tulare County Free Library (1967).

Walnut: Mount San Antonio College Library (1966).

West Covina: West Covina Library ( 1 966).

Whittier: Whittier College, Wardman Library (1963).

CANAL ZONE

Balboa Heights: Canal Zone Library-Museum (1963).

COLORADO

~

Alamosa: Adams State College Learning Resources Center

(1963).

Boulder: University of Colorado Libraries (1879)-REGIONAL.

Colorado Springs:

Colorado College, Charies Leaming Tutt Library (1 880).

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Library (1974).

Denver:

Colorado State Library (unknown).

Denver Public Library (1884) -REGIONAL.

Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Library

(1962).

Regis College, Dayton Memorial Library (1915).

University of Denver, Penrose Library (1909). U.S. Court of Appeals for Tenth Circuit Library (1 973). Fort Collins: Colorado State University Library (1907).

Golden: Colorado School of Mines, Arthur Lakes Library

(1939).

Greeley: University of Northern Colorado Library (1966).

Gunnison: Western State College, Leslie J. Savage Library

(1932).

La J unta: Otero J unior College .Wheeler Library (1963).

Lakewood: Jefferson County Public Library, Lakewood Regional Library ( 1 968).

Pueblo:

Pueblo Regional Library (1893).

University Southern Colorado Library (1965). U.S. Air Force Academy: Academy Library (1956).

CONNECTICUT

Bridgeport: Bridgeport Public Library (1884).

Danbury: Western Connecticut State College, Ruth A. Haas

Library (1967).

Danielson: Quinebaug Valley Community College (1975).

Enfield: Enfield Public Library (1967).

94
Hartford:

Connecticut State Library (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Hartford Public Library (1945).

Trinity College Library (1895).

Middletown: Wesleyan University Library (1906).

Mystic: Marine Historical Association, Inc., G. W. Blunt White

Library (1964).

New Britain: Central Connecticut State College, Elihu Burritt Library (1973).

New Haven:

Southern Connecticut State College Library (1 968).

Yale University Library ( 1 859).

New London:

Connecticut College Library ( 1 926). U.S. Coast Guard Academy Library (1939).

Stamford: Stamford Public Library (1973).

Storrs: University of Connecticut, Wilbur Cross Library (1907).

Waterbury: Silas Bronson Library (1869).

West Haven: University of New Haven Library (1971).

DELAWARE

Dover:

Delaware State College, William C. Jason Library (1962).

State Department of Community Affairs and Economic

Development, Division of Libraries (1972). State Law Library in Kent County (unknown).

Georgetown:

Delaware Technical and Community College, Southern

Branch Library (1968).

Sussex County Law Library (1976).

Newark:

University of Delaware, Morris Library (1907).

Delaware Law School Library ( 1 976).

Wilmington:

New Castle County Law Library (1974).

Wilmington Institute and New Castle County Library

(1861).

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Washington:

Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations

Library.

Civil Aeronautics Board Library (1975).

Civil Service Commission Library (1963).

Department of Commerce Library (1955).

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Library

(1954).

Department of Housing and Urban Development Library

(1969).

Department of the I nterior Central Library (1895).

Department of Justice Main Library (1895).

Department of Labor Library ( 1 976).

Department of State Library (1895).

Department of State, Office of Legal Advisor, Law Library

(1966).

Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Library (1968).

District of Columbia Public Library (1943).

Federal City College Library (1970).

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Library (1972).

Federal Election Commission Library (1975).

Federal Reserve System Law Library (1976).

General Accounting Office Library (1975).

General Services Administration Library (1975).

Georgetown University Library (1969).

Indian Claims Commission Library (1968).

National War College Library ( 1 895).

Navy Department Library (1895).

Navy Department, Office of Judge Advocate General

Library (1963).

Office of Management and Budget Library (1965).

Office of The Adjutant General, Department of Army

Library (1969). Postal Service Library (1895).

Treasury Department Library (1895). U.S. Court of Appeals, Judge's Library (1975). Veterans' Administration, Central Office Library (1967).

FLORIDA

Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University Library (1963).

Clearwater: Clearwater Public Library (1972).

Coral Gables; University of Miami Library (1939).

Daytona Beach: Volusia County Public Libraries ( 1 963).

DeLand: Stetson University, duPont-Ball Library (1887). Fort Lauderdale:

Broward County Library (1967).

Nova University Library (1967).

Gainesville: University of Florida Libraries (1907) — REGIONAL.

Jacksonville:

Haydon Bums Library (1914).

Jacksonville University, Swisher Library (1962).

University of North Florida Library (1972).

Lakeland: Lakeland Public Library (1928).

Leesburg: Lake-Sumter Community College Library (1963).

Melbourne: Florida Institute of Technology Library (1963).

Miami:

Florida International University Library (1970).

Miami Public Library (1952).

Opa Locka: Biscayne College Library (1966).

Orlando: Florida Technological University Library (1966). Palatka: St. Johns River Junior College Library (1963).

Pensacola: University of West Florida, John C. Pace Library

(1966). Port Charlotte: Charlotte County Library System (1973).

St. Petersburg:

St. Petersburg Public Library (1965). Stetson University College Law Library (1975). Sarasota: Sarasota Public Library (1970).

Tallahassee:

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Coleman

Memorial Library (1936). State Library of Florida (1929).

Florida State University, R. M. Stozier Library (1941).

Florida Supreme Court Library (1974).

Tampa:

Tampa Public Library (1965).

University of South Florida Library (1962).

University of Tampa, Merle Kelce Library (1953).

Winter Park: Rollins College, Mills Memorial Library (1909).

GEORGIA

Albany: Albany Public Library (1964).

Americus: Georgia Southwestern College, James Earl Carter

Library (1966).

Athens: University of Georgia Libraries (1907). Atlanta: Atlanta Public Library (1 880).

Atlanta University, Trevor Arnett Library (1962).

Emory University, Robert W. Woodruff Library (1928).

Emory University, School of Law Library (1968).

Georgia Institute of Technology, Price Gilbert Memorial

Library (1963).

Georgia State Library (unknown).

Georgia State University Library (1970).

95
Augusta: Augusta College Library (1962).

Brunswick; Brunswick Public Library (1965).

Carroilton; West Georgia College, Sanford Library (1962).

Columbus: Columbus College, Simon Schwob Memorial Library (1975).

Dahlonega: North Georgia College Library (1939). Decatur: Dekalb Community College-South Campus, Learning

Resources Center (1973).

Gainesville: Chestatee Regional Library (1968).

Macon: Mercer University Library (1964).

Marietta: Kennesaw Junior College Library (1968).

Milledgeville: Georgia College at Milledgeville, Ina Dillard Russell Library (1950).

Mount Berry: Berry College, Memorial Library (1970).

Savannah: Savannah Public and Chatham-Effingham Liberty

Regional Library (1857).

Statesboro: Georgia Southern College, Rosenwald Library

(1939).

Valdosta: Valdosta State College, Richard Holmes Powell

Library (1956).

GUAM

Agana: Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library (1962).

HAWAII

Hilo: University of Hawaii, Hilo Campus Library (1962).

Honolulu:

Chaminade College of Honolulu Library (1965).

Hawaii Medical Library. Inc. (1968).

Hawaii State Library (1929).

Municipal Reference Library of the City and County of

Honolulu (1965).

Supreme Court Law Library (1973).

University of Hawaii Library (1907).

Laie: Church College of Hawaii, Woolley Library ( 1 964).

Lihue: Kauai Public Library (1967). Pearl City: Leeward Community College Library (1967).

Wailuku: Maui Public Library (1962).

IDAHO

Boise:

Boise State College Library (1966).

Boise Public Library and Information Center (1929).

Idaho State Law Library (unknown).

Idaho State Library (1971).

Caldwell: College of Idaho, Terteling Library (1930).

Moscow: University of Idaho Library (1907) -REGIONAL.

Pocatello: Idaho State University Library (1908).

Rexburg: Ricks College, David O. McKay Library ( 1 946).

Twin Falls: College of Southern Idaho Library (1970).

ILLINOIS

Bloomington: Illinois Wesleyan University Libraries (1964).

Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Library (1932).

Carlinville: Blackburn College Library (1954).

Carterville: Shawnee Library System (197 1 ). Champaign: University of Illinois Law Library, College of Law

(1965).

Charleston: Eastern Illinois University, Booth Library (1962).

Chicago:

Chicago Public Library (1876).

Chicago State University Library (1954).

DePaul University, Lincoln Park Campus Library (1975).

Field Museum of Natural History Library (1963).

John Crerar Library ( 1 909).

Loyola University of Chicago, E. M. Cudahy Memorial

Library (1966).

Northeastern Illinois University Library (1961 ). University of Chicago Law Library (

1 964).

University of Chicago Library ( 1 897).

University of Illinois, Chicago Circle Campus Library

(1957). Decatur: Decatur Public Library (1954).

De Kalb: Northern Illinois University, Swen Franklin Parson

Library (1960).

Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University, Lovejoy Library

(1959). Elsah: Principia College, Marshall Brooks Library (1957). Evanston: Northwestern University Library (1 876).

Freeport: Freeport Public Library (1905).

Galesburg: Galesburg Public Library (1896).

Jacksonville: MacMurray College, Henry Pfeiffer Library

(1929).

Kankakee: Olivet Nazarene College, Benner Library and

Resource Center ( 1 946).

Lake Forest: Lake Forest College, Donnelley Library (1962).

Lebanon: McKendree College, Holman Library (1968).

Lisle: Illinois Benedictine College, Theodore F. Lownik Library

(1911).

Lockport: Lewis University Library (1952).

Macomb: Western Illinois University Memorial Library (1962).

Moline: Black Hawk College, Learning Resources Center

(1970).

Monmouth: Monmouth College Library (1860).

Morton Grove: Oakton Community College Library (1976). Mt. Carmel: Wabash Valley College Library (1975).

Normal: Illinois State University, Milner Library (1 877).

Oak Park: Oak Park Public Library ( 1 963).

Oglesby: Illinois Valley Community College Library (1976).

Palos Hills: Moraine Valley Community College Library (1972).

Park Forest South: Governors State University Library (1974).

Peoria:

Bradley University, Cullom Davis Library (1963).

Peoria Public Library (1 883).

River Forest: Rosary College Library ( 1 966).

Rockford: Rockford Public Library (unknown).

Springfield: Illinois State Library (unknown) — REGION AL.

Urbana: University of Illinois Library (1907).

Wheaton: Wheaton College Library (1964).

Woodstock: Woodstock Public Library (1963).

INDIANA

Anderson: Anderson College, Charles E. Wilson Library (1959).

Bloomington: Indiana University Library (1881).

Crawfordsville: Wabash College, Lilly Library ( 1 906).

Evansville:

Evansville and Vanderburgh County Public Library (1928).

Indiana State University, Evansville Campus Library

(1969). Fort Wayne:

Indiana-Purdue Universities, Regional Campus Library

(1965).

Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County (1 896).

Franklin: Franklin College Library (1976).

Gary:

Gary Public Library (1943).

Indiana University, Northwest Campus Library (1966).

Greencastle: De Pauw University, Roy O. West Library (1879).

Hammond: Hammond Public Library (1964).

Hanover: Hanover College Library (1892).

Huntington: Huntington College Library (1964).

Indianapolis: Butler University, Irwin Library ( 1 965).

Indiana State Library (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Indiana Supreme Court Law Library (1975).

96
Indiana University, Law Library ( 1 967).

Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library (1906).

Kokomo: Indiana University, Kokomo Regional Campus Library (1969).

Lafayette: Purdue University Library (1907).

Muncie:

Ball State University Library (1959).

Muncie Public Library (1906).

New Albany: Indiana University, Southeastern Campus Library

(1965).

Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, Memorial Library

(1883).

Rensselaer: St. Joseph's College Library (1 964).

Richmond:

Earlham College, Lilly Library (1964).

Morrison-Reeves Library (1906).

South Bend: Indiana University at South Bend Library (1965). Terre Haute: Indiana State University, Cunningham Memorial

Library (1906).

Valparaiso: Valparaiso University, Moellering Memorial Library (1930).

IOWA

Ames: Iowa State University of Science and Technology Library (1907).

Cedar Falls: University of Northern Iowa Library (1946).

Council Bluffs: Free Public Library (1885).

Iowa Western Community College, Hoover Media Library

(1972).

Davenport: Davenport Public Library (1973).

Des Moines:

Drake University, Cowles Library (1966).

Drake University Law Library (1972).

Iowa State Traveling Library (unknown).

Public Library of Des Moines ( 1 888).

Dubuque:

Carnegie-Stout Public Library (unknown). Loras College, Wahlert Memorial Library (1967).

Fayette: Upper Iowa College, Henderson-Wilder Library

(1974).

Grinnell: Grinnell College, Burling Library (1874).

Iowa City:

U niversity of Iowa, Law Library (1968).

University of Iowa Library ( 1 884) - REGIONAL.

Lamoni: Graceland College, Frederick Madison Smith Library

(1927).

Mason City: North Iowa Area Community College Library

(1976).

Mount Vernon: Cornell College, Russell D. Cole Library

(1896).

Orange City: Northwestern College, Ramaker Library (1970).

Sioux City: Sioux City Public Library (1894).

KANSAS

Atchison: Benedictine College Library (1965).

Baldwin City: Baker University Library (1908).

Colby: Colby Community Junior College Library (1968).

Emporia: Kansas State College, William Allen White Library

(1909).

Hays: Fort Hays Kansas State College, Forsyth Library (1926).

Hutchinson: Hutchinson Public Library (1963).

Lawrence:

University of Kansas, Watson Library (1869) — REGIONAL.

University of Kansas Law Library (1971 ). Manhattan: Kansas State University, Farrell Library (1907).

Pittsburg: Kansas State College of Pittsburg, Porter Library

(1952).

Salina: Kansas Wesleyan University, Memorial Library (1930).

Topeka:

Kansas State Historical Society Library ( 1 877).

Kansas State Library (unknown).

Kansas Supreme Court Law Library (1975).

Washburn University of Topeka, Law Library (

1 97 1 ). Wichita: Wichita State University Library (1901).

KENTUCKY

Ashland: Ashland Public Library (1946).

Barbourville: Union College, Abigail E. Weeks Memorial Library (1958).

Bowling Green: Western Kentucky University, Cravens Graduate Center and Library (

1 934).

Covington: Thomas More College Library ( 1 970).

Danville: Centre College, Grace Doherty Library (1884).

Frankfort:

Kentucky Department of Libraries ( 1 967).

Kentucky State University, Blazer Library (1972). State Law Library (unknown).

Highland Heights: Northern Kentucky State College Library

(1973).

Hopkinsviile: Hopkinsville Community College Library (1976).

Lexington:

University of Kentucky, Law Library (1968).

University of Kentucky, Margaret I. King Library

(1907)-REGIONAL.

Louisville: Louisville Free Public Library (1904).

University of Louisville, Belknap Campus Library (1925).

University of Louisville Law Library (1975).

Morehead; Morehead State University, Johnson Camden Library(l955).

Murray: Murray State University Library (1924).

Owensboro: Kentucky Wesleyan College Library (1966).

Richmond: Eastern Kentucky University, John Grant Crabbe

Library (1966).

LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge:

Louisiana State Library (1976).

Louisiana State University Law Library (1929).

Louisiana State University Library (1907) -REGIONAL.

Southern University Library (1952).

Eunice: Louisiana State University at Eunice, Le Doux Library

(1969).

Hammond: Southeastern Louisiana University, Sims Memorial

Library (1966).

Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana Library

(1938).

Lake Charles: McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial

Library (1941).

Monroe: Northeast Louisiana University, Sandel Library

(1963).

Natchitoches: Northwestern State University, Watson Memorial Library (1887).

New Orleans:

Isaac Delgado College, Moss Technical Library (1968).

Law Library of Louisiana (unknown).

University of New Orleans Library (1963).

Loyola U niversity Library ( 1 942 ). New Orleans Public Library ( 1 883).

Southern University in New Orleans Library (1962).

Tulane University, Howard-Tilton Memorial Library

(1942).

97
Tulane University Law Library ( 1 976). U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit Library (1973).

Pineville: Louisiana College, Richard W. Norton Memorial

Library (1969). Ruston: Louisiana Technical University Library (1896)— REGIONAL.

Shreveport:

Louisiana State University at Shreveport Library (1967).

Shreve Memorial Library (1923).

Thibodaux: Francis T. Nicholls State University, Leonidas Polk

Library (1962).

MAINE

Augusta:

Maine Law and Legislative Reference Library (1973).

Maine State Library (unknown).

Bangor: Bangor Public Library (1884).

Brunswick: Bowdoin College, Hawthorne-Longfellow Library

(1884).

Castine: Maine Maritime Academy, Nutting Memorial Library

(1969).

Lewiston: Bates College Library (1883).

Orono: University of Maine, Raymond H. Fogler Library

(1907)-REGlONAL.

Portland: Portland Public Library (1884).

University of Maine Law Library (1964).

Springvale: Nasson College Library (1961 ). Waterville: Colby College Library (1884).

MARYLAND

Annapolis:

Maryland State Library (unknown).

U.S. Naval Academy, Nimitz Library (1895).

Baltimore:

Enoch Pratt Free Library (1887).

Johns Hopkins University, Milton S. Eisenhower Library

(1882).

Morgan State College, Soper Library ( 1 940).

University of Baltimore, Langsdale Library (1973).

University of Maryland, Baltimore County Library (1971).

University of Maryland, School of Law Library ( 1 969).

Bel Air: Harford Community College Library (1967).

Beltsville: Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural

Library (1895).

Chestertown: Washington College, Chester M. Miller Library

(1891).

College Park: University of Maryland, McKeldin Library

(1925)-REGIONAL

Cumberland: Allegany Community College Library (1974).

Frostburg: Frostburg State College Library (1967).

Germantown: Energy Research & Development Adm. Library

(1963). Patuxent River: Naval Air Station Library (1968).

Rockville: Montgomery County Department of Public Libraries

(1951).

Salisbury: Salisbury State College, Blackwell Library (1965).

Towson: Goucher College, Julia Rogers Library (1966).

Westminster: Western Maryland College Library ( 1 896).

MASSACHUSETTS

Amherst:

Amherst College Library ( 1 884).

University of Massachusetts, Goodell Library (1907).

Belmont: Belmont Memorial Library (1968).

Boston: Boston Athenaeum Library (unknown).

Boston College, Bapst Library (1963).

Boston Public Library (1 859) -REGIONAL.

Northeastern University, Dodge Library (1962). State Library of Massachusetts (unknown).

Brookline: Public Library of Brookline (1925).

Cambridge:

Harvard College Library ( 1 860).

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Libraries (1946).

Chicopee: Our Lady of the Elms College Library (1969).

Lowell: Lowell Technological Institute, Alumni Memorial

Library (1952).

Lynn: Lynn Public Library (1953).

Marlborough: Marlborough Public Library (1971).

Medford: Tufts University Library (1899).

Milton: Curry College Library ( 1 972).

New Bedford: New Bedford Free Public Library (1858).

North Dartmouth: Southeastern Massachusetts University

Library (1965).

North Easton: Stonehill College, Cushing-Martin Library

(1962).

Springfield: Springfield City Library ( 1 966).

Waltham: Brandeis University, Goldfarb Library (1965).

Wellesley: Wellesley College Library (1943).

Wenham: Gordon College, Winn Library (1963).

Williamstown: Williams College Library (unknown).

Worcester: American Antiquarian Society Library (1814).

University of Massachusetts, Medical Center Library

(1972).

Worcester Public Library (1859).

MICHIGAN

Albion: Albion College, Stockwell Memorial Library (1966). Allendale: Grand Valley State College Library (1963).

Alma: Alma College, Monteith Library (1963).

Ann Arbor:

Great Lakes Basin Commission Library (1971).

University of Michigan, Harlan Hatcher Library (1884).

Benton Harbor: Benton Harbor Public Library (1907).

Bloomfield Hills: Cranbrook Institute of Science Library (1940).

Dearborn:

Henry Ford Centennial Library (1969).

Henry Ford Community College Library (1957).

Detroit:

Detroit Public Library ( 1 868) - REGIONAL.

Marygrove College Library (1965).

Mercy College of Detroit Library (1965).

University of Detroit Library (1884).

Wayne State University Law Library (1971).

Wayne State University, G. Flint Purdy Library (1937).

Dowagiac: Southwestern Michigan College Library (1971). East Lansing:

Michigan State University, Law Library (1971).

Michigan State University Library (1907).

Escanaba: Michigan State Library, Upper Peninsula Branch

(1964).

Farmington: Martin Luther King Learning Resources Center,

Oakland Community College ( 1 968).

Flint:Charles Stewart Mott Library (1959).

Flint Public Library (1967).

Grand Rapids:

Grand Rapids Public Library (1876).

Calvin College Library (1967).

Houghton: Michigan Technological University Library (1876).

Jackson: Jackson Public Library (1965).

Kalamazoo:

98
Kalamazoo Library System (1907).

Western Michigan University, Dwight B. Waldo Library

(1963).

Lansing: Michigan State Library (unknown) —REGIONAL.

Livonia: Schoolcraft College Library (1962).

Marquette: Northern Michigan University, Olsen Library

(1963).

Monroe: Monroe County Library System (1974). Mt. Clemens: Macomb County Library (1968). Mt. Pleasant: Central Michigan University Library (1958).

Muskegon: Hackley Public Library (1894).

Olivet: Olivet College Library (1974).

Petoskey: North Central Michigan College Library (1962). Port Huron: Saint Clair County Library System ( 1 876).

Rochester: Oakland University, Kresge Library (1964).

Saginaw: Hoyt Public Library (1890). Traverse City: Northwestern Michigan College, Mark Osterlin

Library (1964).

University Center: Delta College Library (1963).

Warren: Warren Public Library, Arthur J. Miller Branch (1973).

Wayne: Wayne Oakland Federated Library System (1957).

Ypsilanti: Eastern Michigan University Library (1965).

MINNESOTA

Bemidji: Bemidji State College, A. C. Clark Library (1963).

Collegeville: St. John's University, Alcuin Library (1954).

Duluth: Duluth Public Library (1909).

Mankato: Mankato State College Memorial Library (1962).

Minneapolis:

Anoka County Library ( 1 97 1 ). Hennepin County Libraries (1971).

Minneapolis Public Library (1893).

University of Minnesota, Wilson Library (1907) — REGIONAL.

Moorhead: Moorhead State College Library (1956).

Morris: University of Minnesota at Morris Library (1963).

Northfield:

Carleton College Library (1930).

St. Olaf College, Rolvaag Memorial Library (1930).

St. Cloud: St. Cloud State College Library (1962).

St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Library ( 1 867).

Minnesota State Law Library (unknown).

St. Paul Public Library (1914).

University of Minnesota, St. Paul Campus Library (1974).

Saint Peter: Gustavus Adolphus College Library (1941).

Stillwater: Stillwater Public Library (1893).

Willmar: Crow River Regional Library (1958).

Winona: Winona State University, Maxwell Library (1969).

MISSISSIPPI

Cleveland: Delta State University, W. B. Roberts Library

(1975).

Columbus: Mississippi State College for Women, J. C. Fant

Memorial Library (1920).

Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi Library (1935).

Jackson:

Jackson State College Library (1968).

Millsaps College, Millsaps-Wilson Library (1963).

Mississippi Library Commission (1947).

Mississippi State Law Library (unknown).

Lorman: Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College Library

(1970). State College: Mississippi State University, Mitchell Memorial

Library (1907).

University:

University of Mississippi Library (1833) -REGIONAL.

University of Mississippi, School of Law Library (1967).

MISSOURI

Cape Girardeau: Southeast Missouri State College, Kent Library (1916).

Columbia: University of Missouri Library (1862).

Fayette: Central Methodist College Library (1962).

Fulton: Westminster College, Reeves Library ( 1 875).

Jefferson City:

Lincoln University, Inman E. Page Library (1944).

Missouri State Library (1963).

Missouri Supreme Court Library (unknown).

Joplin: Missouri Southern State College Library (1966).

Kansas City:

Kansas City Public Library (1881).

Rockhurst College Library (1917).

University of Missouri at Kansas City, General Library

(1938).

Kirksville: Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, Pickler

Memorial Library (1966).

Liberty: William Jewell College Library ( 1 900).

Rolla: University of Missouri at Rolla Library (1907).

St. Charles: Lindenwood College, Margaret Leggat Butler

Library (1973).

St. Joseph: St. Joseph Public Library (1891).

St. Louis:

St. Louis County Library (1970).

St. Louis Public Library (1866).

St. Louis University, Law Library (1967).

St. Louis University, Pius XII Memorial Library (1866).

University of Missouri at St. Louis, Thomas Jefferson

Library (1966). U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit Library (1972).

Washington University, John M. Olin Library (1906).

Springfield:

Drury College, Walker Library (1874).

Southwest Missouri State College Library (1963).

Warrensburg: Central Missouri State College, Ward Edwards

Library (1914).

MONTANA

Billings: Eastern Montana College Library (1924).

Bozeman: Montana State University Library (1907). Butte: Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology

Library (1901).

Helena:

Carroll College Library (1974).

Montana Historical Society Library (unknown).

Montana State Library ( 1 966).

Missoula: University of Montana Library (1909)— REGIONAL.

NEBRASKA

Blair: Dana College, Dana-LIFE Library (1924). Crete: Doane College, Whitin Library (1944).

Fremont: Midland Lutheran College Library (1924).

Kearney: Kearney State College, Calvin T. Ryan Library

(1962).

Lincoln:

Nebraska Publications Clearinghouse, Nebraska Library

Commission (1972) -REGIONAL.

Nebraska State Library (unknown).

University of Nebraska, Don L. Love Memorial Library

(1907).

Omaha:

99
Creighton University, Alumni Library (1964).

Omaha Public Library (1880).

University of Nebraska at Omaha, University Library

(1939).

Scottsbluff: Scottsbluff Public Library (1925).

Wayne: Wayne State College, U.S. Conn Library (1970).

NEVADA

Carson City:

Nevada State Library (unknown).

Nevada Supreme Court Library (1973).

Las Vegas:

Clark County Library District Library (1974).

University of Nevada at Las Vegas, James R. Dickinson

Library (1959).

Reno:

Nevada State Historical Society Library ( 1 974).

University of Nevada Library (1907) -REGIONAL

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Concord:

Franklin Pierce Law Center Library (1973).

New Hampshire State Library (unknown).

Durham: University of New Hampshire Library (1907).

Franconia: Franconia College Library (1972).

Hanover: Dartmouth College, Baker Library (1884).

Henniker: New England College Library (1966).

Manchester:

Manchester City Library (1884).

New Hampshire College, H.A.B. Shapiro Memorial Library (1976).

St. Anselm's College, Geise Library (1963).

Nashua: Nashua Public Library (1971).

NEW JERSEY

Bayonne: Bayonne Free Public Library (1909).

Bloomfield: Free Public Library of Bloomfield (1965).

Bridgeton: Cumberland County Library (1966).

Camden: Rutgers University-Camden Library (1966).

Convent Station: College of St. Elizabeth, Mahoney Library

(1938).

Dover: County College of Morris Library, Learning Resources

Center(1975).

East Orange: East Orange Public Library (1966).

Elizabeth: Free Public Library of Elizabeth (1895).

Glassboro: Glassboro State College, Savitz Learning Resource

Center (1963).

Hackensack: Johnson Free Public Library (1966).

Irvington: Free Public Library of Irvington (1966).

Jersey City:

Free Public Library of Jersey City ( 1 879).

Jersey City State College, Forrest A. Irwin Library (1963).

Lawrenceville: Rider College Library (1975).

Madison: Drew University, Rose Memorial Library (1939).

Mahwah: Ramapo College Library ( 1 97 1 ). Mount Holly: Burlington County Library (1966).

New Brunswick: Free Public Library ( 1 908).

Rutgers University Library (1907).

Newark:

Newark Public Library (1906) -REGIONAL.

Rutgers -The State University, John Cotton Dana Library

(1966).

Passaic: Passaic Public Library (1964).

Phillipsburg: Phillipsburg Free Public Library (1976).

Plainfield: Plainfield Public Library (1971).

Pomona: Stockton State College Library (1972).

Princeton: Princeton University Library (1 884).

Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University, Messier Library

(1953).

Shrewsbury: Monmouth County Library ( 1 968).

South Orange: Seton Hall University, McLaughlin Library

(1947).

Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck Campus

Library (1963).

Toms River: Ocean County College Learning Resources Center

(1966). Trenton: New Jersey State Library, Law and Reference Bureau, Department of Education (unknown).

Trenton Free Public Library (1902).

Union: Kean College of New Jersey, Nancy Thompson Library

(1973).

Upper Montclair: Montclair State College, Harry A. Sprague

Library (1967).

Wayne: Wayne Public Library (1972).

West Long Branch: Monmouth College, Guggenheim Memorial

Library (1963).

Woodbridge: Free Public Library of Woodbridge (1965).

NEW MEXICO

Albuquerque:

University of New Mexico, Medical Sciences Library

(1973).

University of New Mexico, School of Law Library (1973).

University of New Mexico, Zimmerman Library

(1896)-REGIONAL.

Hobbs: New Mexico Junior College, Pannell Library (1969).

Las Cruces: New Mexico State University Library (1907).

Las Vegas: New Mexico Highlands University, Donnelly Library(1913).

Portales: Eastern New Mexico University Library (1962).

Santa Fe: New Mexico State Library (1960) -REGIONAL.

Supreme Court Law Library (unknown).

Silver City: Western New Mexico University, Miller Library

(1972).

NEW YORK

Albany:

New York State Library (unknown) - REGIONAL.

State University of New York at Albany Library (1964).

Auburn: Seymour Library (1972).

Bayside: Queensborough Community College Library (1972).

Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton

Library (1962).

Brockport: State University of New York, Drake Memorial

Library (1967). Bronx:

Herbert H. Lehman College Library (1967).

New York Public Library, Mott Haven Branch (1973).

Bronxville: Sarah Lawrence College Library (1969).

Brooklyn:

Brooklyn College Library (1936).

Brooklyn Law School, Law Library (1974).

Brooklyn Public Library (1908).

Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Spicer Library (1963).

Pratt Institute Library (1891). State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center

Library (1958). Buffalo: Buffalo and Erie County Public Library (1895). State University of New York at Buffalo, Lockwood

Memorial Library (1963).

100
Canton: St. Lawrence University, Owen D. Young Library

(1920).

Corning: Corning Community College, Arthur A. Houghton, Jr. Library (1963).

Cortland: State University of New York, College at Cortland,

Memorial Library ( 1964).

Delhi: State University Agricultural and Technical College

Library (1970).

Douglaston: Cathedral College Library (1971). East Islip: East Islip Public Library (1974).

Elmira: Elmira College, Gannett-Tripp Learning Center (1956).

Farmingdale: State University Agricultural and Technical Institute at Farmingdale Library (1917).

Flushing: Queens College, Paul Klapper Library (1939).

Garden City:

Adelphi University, Swirbul Library (1966).

Nassau Library System (1965).

Geneseo: State University College, Milne Library (1967).

Greenvale: C. W. Post College, B. Davis Schwartz Memorial

Library (1965).

Hamilton: Colgate University Library (1902).

Hempstead: Hofstra University Library (1964). Ithaca: Cornell University Library (1907).

New York State Colleges of Agriculture and Home

Economics, Albert R. Mann Library (1943).

Jamaica:

Queens Borough Public Library (1926).

St. John's University Library (1956).

Kings Point: U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Library (1962).

Mount Vernon: Mount Vernon Public Library (1962).

New Paltz: State University College Library (1965).

New York City:

City University of New York, City College Library (1884).

College of Insurance, Ecker Library (1965).

Columbia University Libraries (1 882).

Cooper Union Library (1930).

Fordham University Library (1937).

Medical Library Center of New York ( 1 976).

New York Law Institute Library (1909).

New York Public Library (Astor Branch) (1907).

New York Public Library (Lenox Branch) (1884).

New York University Libraries (1967).

New York University, Law Library (1973). State University of New York, Maritime College Library

(1947).

Newburgh: Newburgh Free Library (1909).

Niagara Falls: Niagara Falls Public Library (1976).

Oakdale: Dowling College Library (1965).

Oneonta: State University College, James M. Milne Library

(1966).

Oswego: State University College, Penfield Library (1966).

Plattsburgh: State University College, Benjamin F. Feinberg

Library (1967).

Potsdam:

Clarkson College of Technology, Harriet Call Burnap

Memorial Library (1938). State University College, Frederick W. Crumb Memorial

Library (1964).

Poughkeepsie: Vassar College Library (1943).

Purchase: State University of New York, College at Purchase

Library (1969).

Rochester:

Rochester Public Library (1963).

U ni versity of Rochester Library (1880).

St. Bonaventure: St. Bonaventure College, Friedsam Memorial

Library (1938).

Saratoga Springs: Skidmore College Library (1964).

Schenectady: Union College, Schaffer Library (901).

Southampton: Southampton College Library (1973).

Staten Island (Grymes Hill): Wagner College, Horrmann Library(1953).

Stony Brook: State University of New York at Stony Brook

Library (1963).

Syracuse: Syracuse University Library (1878).

Troy: Troy Public Library ( 1 869).

Utica: Utica Public Library ( 1 885).

West Point: U.S. Military Academy Library (unknown).

Yonkers:

Yonkers Public Library (1910).

Yorktown Heights: Mercy College at Fox Meadow Library.

NORTH CAROLINA

Asheville; University of North Carolina at Asheville, D. Hiden

Ramsey Library (

1 965 ). Boiling Springs: Gardner-Webb College, Dover Memorial

Library (1974).

Boone: Appalachian State University Library (1963).

Buies Creek: Campbell College, Carrie Rich Memorial Library

(1965).

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Library (1884) -REGIONAL.

Charlotte: Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County

(1964).

Queens College, Everette Library ( 1 927).

University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Atkins Library

(1964).

Cullowhee: Western Carolina University, Hunter Library

(1953).

Davidson: Davidson College, Hugh A. & Jane Grey Memorial

Library (1893).

Durham:

Duke University, William R. Perkins Library (1890).

North Carolina Central University, James E. Shepard

Memorial Library (1973).

Elon College: Elon College Library (1971).

Fayetteville: Fayetteville State University, Chesnutt Library

(1971).

Greensboro:

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, F. D. Bluford Library (1937).

University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Walter Clin- ton Jackson Library (1963).

Greenville: East Carolina University, J. Y. Joyner Library

(1951).

Laurinburg: St. Andrews Presbyterian College, DeTamble

Library (1969).

Lexington: Davidson County Public Library System (1971).

Mount Olive: Mount Olive College, Moye Library (1971).

Murfreesboro: Chowan College, Whitaker Library (1963).

Pembroke: Pembroke State University Library (1965).

Raleigh:

North Carolina State Library (unknown).

North Carolina State University, D. H. Hill Library (1923).

North Carolina Supreme Court Library (1 972).

Wake County Public Libraries (

1 969).

Rocky Mount: North Carolina Wesleyan College Library

(1969).

Salisbury: Catawba College Library (1925).

Wilmington: University of North Carolina at Wilmington, William M. Randall Library (1965).

Wilson: Atlantic Christian College, Clarence L. Hardy Library

(1930).

Winston-Salem:

Forsyth County Public Library System (1954).

Wake Forest University, Z. Smith Reynolds Library (1902).

101
NORTH DAKOTA

Bismarck:

State Historical Society of North Dakota (1907).

North Dakota State Law Library (unknown).

State Library Commission Library (1971). Veterans Memorial Public Library (1967).

Dickinson: Dickinson State College Library (1968).

Fargo:

Fargo Public Library (1964).

North Dakota State University Library (1907) -REGIONAL, in cooperation with University of North

Dakota, Chester Fritz Library at Grand Forks.

Grand Forks: University of North Dakota, Chester Fritz Library (1890).

Minot: Minot State College, Memorial Library (1925).

Valley City: State College Library (1913).

OHIO

Ada: Ohio Northern University, J. P. Taggart Law Library

(1965).

Akron:

Akron Public Library (1 952).

University of Akron Library (1963).

Alliance: Mount Union College Library (1888).

Ashland: Ashland College Library (1938).

Athens: Ohio University Library (1886).

Batavia: Clermont General and Technical College Library

(1973).

Bluffton: Bluffton College, Musselman Library (195 1). Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Library (1933).

Canton: Malone College, Everett L. Cattell Library (1970).

Chardon: Geauga County Public Library (1971).

Cincinnati:

Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County (1884).

University of Cincinnati Library (1929).

Cleveland:

Case Western Reserve University, Freiberger Library

(1913).

Cleveland Heights-University Heights Public Library

(1970).

Cleveland Public Library (1886).

Cleveland State University Library (1966).

John Carroll University, Grasselli Library (1963).

Municipal Reference Library (1970).

Columbus:

Capital University Library (1968).

Columbus Public Library (1885).

Ohio State Library (unknown) -REGIONAL.

Ohio State University Library (1907).

Ohio Supreme Court Law Library (1973).

Dayton:

Dayton and Montgomery County Public Library ( 1 909).

University of Dayton, Albert Emanuel Library (1969).

Wright State University Library (1965).

Delaware: Ohio Wesleyan University, L. A. Beeghly Library

(1845).

Elyria: Elyria Public Library (1966).

Findlay: Findlay College, Shafer Library (1969).

Gambler: Kenyon College Library (1873).

Granville: Denison University Library (1884).

Hiram: Hiram College, Teachout- Price Memorial Library

(1874). Kent: Kent State University Library (1962).

Marietta: Marietta College, Dawes Memorial Library (1884).

Middletown: Miami University at Middletown, Gardner-Harvey

Library (1970).

New Concord: Muskingum College Library (1966).

Oberlin: Oberlin College Library (1858).

Oxford: Miami University, Alumni Library (1909).

Portsmouth: Portsmouth Public Library (unknown).

Rio Grande: Rio Grande College, J eanette Albiez Davis Library

(1966).

Springfield: Warder Public Library (1884).

Steubenville:

College of Steubenville, Starvaggi Memorial Library (1971 ). Public Library of Steubenville and Jefferson County (1950).

Tiffin: Heidelberg College, Beeghly Library (1964).

Toledo:

Toledo-Lucas County Public Library ( 1 884).

University of Toledo Library (1963).

Westervilie: Otterbein College, Centennial Library (1967).

Wooster: College of Wooster, the Andrews Library (1966).

Youngstown:

Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County

(1923).

Youngstown State University Library (1971).

OKLAHOMA

Ada: East Central State College, Linscheid Library (1914).

Alva: Northwestern State College Library (1907).

Bartlesville; United States ERDA-BERC Library (1962).

Bethany: Bethany Nazarene College, R. T. Williams Library

(1971). Durant: Southeastern State College Library (1929).

Edmond: Central State University Library (1934).

Enid: Public Library of Enid and Garfield County ( 1 908).

Langston: Langston University, G. Lamar Harrison Library

(1941).

Muskogee: Muskogee Public Library (1971).

Norman: University of Oklahoma Libraries (1893).

Oklahoma City:

Oklahoma County Libraries (1974).

Oklahoma City University Library (1963).

Oklahoma Department of Libraries (1893) -REGIONAL.

Shawnee: Oklahoma Baptist University Library (1933).

Stillwater: Oklahoma State University Library (1907).

Tahlequah: Northeastern State College, John Vaughan Library

(1923).

Tulsa:

Tulsa City-County Library (1963).

University of Tulsa, McFarlin Library (1929).

Weatherford: Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Al

Harris Library (1958).

OREGON

Ashland: Southern Oregon College Library (1953).

Corvallis: Oregon State University Library (1907).

Eugene: University of Oregon Library (1883). Forest Grove: Pacific University Library (1897).

La Grande: Eastern Oregon College, Walter M. Pierce Library

(1954).

McMinnville: Linfield College, Northup Library (1965).

Monmouth: Oregon College of Education Library (1967). Portland: Department of the Interior, Bonneville Power Administration Library (1962).

Lewis and Clark College, Aubrey R. Watzek Library

(1967).

Library Association of Portland ( 1 884).

Portland State University Library (1963) -REGIONAL.

Reed College Library (1912).

Salem:

Oregon State Library (unknown).

Oregon Supreme Court Library (1974).

102
Willamette University Library (1969).

PENNSYLVANIA

Allentown: Muhlenberg College, Haas Library (1939).

Altoona: Altoona Public Library (1969).

Bethlehem: Lehigh University, Linderman Library (1876).

Blue Bell: Montgomery County Community College, Learning

Resources Center Library (1975).

Carlisle: Dickinson College, Boyd Lee Spahr Library ( 1 947).

Cheyney: Cheyney State College, Leslie Pinckney Hill Library

(1947).

Collegeville: Ursinus College, Myrin Library (1963).

Doylestown: Bucks County Free Library, Center County Library (1970). East Stroudsburg: East Stroudsburg State College, Kemp Library (1966).

Erie: Erie Public Library (1897).

Greenville: Thiel College, Langenheim Memorial Library

(1963).

Harrisburg: State Library of Pennsylvania (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Haverford: Haverford College Library ( 1 897).

Hazleton: Hazleton Area Public Library (1964).

Indiana: Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Rhodes R. Stabley

Library (1962).

Johnstown: Cambria Public Library (1965). Lancaster: Franklin and Marshall College, Fackenthal Library

(1895).

Lewisburg: Bucknell University, Ellen Clarke Bertrand Library

(1963).

Mansfield: Mansfield State College Library (1968).

Meadville: Allegheny College, Reis Library (1907).

Millersville: Millersville State College, Ganser Library (1966).

Monessen: Monessen Public Library (1969).

Newcastle: New Castle Free Public Library (1963).

Newtown: Bucks County Community College Library (1968).

Norristown: Montgomery County-Norristown Public Library

(1969).

Philadelphia:

Drexel University Library (1963). Free Library of Philadelphia ( 1 897).

St. Joseph's College Library ( 1 974).

Temple University, Samuel Paley Library (1 947). U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit (1973).

University of Pennsylvania, Biddle Law Library (1974).

University of Pennsylvania Library (1 886).

Pittsburgh:

Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh Research Center Library

(1962).

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Allegheny Regional Branch

(1924).

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh (1895).

La Roche College, John J. Wright Library (1974).

University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Library (1910).

Pottsville: Pottsville Free Public Library (1967).

Reading: Reading Public Library (1901). Scranton: Scranton Public Library (1895).

Shippensburg: Shippensburg State College, Ezra Lehman

Memorial Library (1973).

Slippery Rock: Slippery Rock State College, Maltby Library

(1965).

Swarthmore: Swarthmore College Library (1923).

University Park: Pennsylvania State University Library (1907).

Villanova: Villanova University, School of Law Library (1964).

Warren: Warren Library Association, Warren Public Library

(1885).

Washington: Washington and Jefferson College, Memorial

Library (1884).

Waynesburg: Waynesburg College Library (1964).

West Chester: West Chester State College, Francis Harvey

Green Library (1967).

Wilkes-Barre: King's College, Corgan Library (1949).

Williamsport: Lycoming College Library (1970).

York: York Junior College Library ( 1 963).

Youngwood: Westmoreland County Community College,

Learning Resource Center ( 1 972).

PUERTO RICO

Mayaguez: University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus

Library (1928). Ponce: Catholic University of Puerto Rico Library ( 1 966).

Rio Piedras: University of Puerto Rico General Library (1928).

RHODE ISLAND

Kingston: University of Rhode Island Library (1907).

Newport : Naval War College Library (1963).

Providence:

Brown University, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library (unknown).

Providence College, Phillips Memorial Library (1969).

Providence Public Library (1884).

Rhode Island College Library (1965).

Rhode Island State Library (before 1895).

Warwick: Warwick Public Library ( 1 966).

Westerly: Westerly Public Library (1909).

SOUTH CAROLINA

Charleston:

Baptist College at Charleston Library (1967).

College of Charleston Library ( 1 869).

The Citadel Memorial Library (1962).

Clemson: Clemson University Library (1893).

Columbia:

Benedict College, Learning Resources Center ( 1 969).

South Carolina State Library (before 1 895).

University of South Carolina Undergraduate Library

(1884).

Conway: University of South Carolina, Coastal Carolina Regional Campus Library (1974).

Due West: Erskine College, McCain Library ( 1 968).

Florence:

Florence County Library (

1 967).

Francis Marion College, James A. Rogers Library (1970).

Greenville:

Furman University Library (1962).

Greenville County Library ( 1 966).

Greenwood: Lander College Library (1967).

Orangeburg: South Carolina State College, Whittaker Library

(1953).

Rock Hill: Winthrop College Library (1896).

Spartanburg: Spartanburg County Public Library ( 1 967).

SOUTH DAKOTA

Aberdeen: Northern State College Library (1963).

Brookings: South Dakota State University, Lincoln Memorial

Library (1889).

Pierre: South Dakota State Library (1973).

Rapid City:

Rapid City Public Library ( 1963).

-South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Library

(1963).

Sioux Falls:

103
Augustana College, Mikkelsen Library and Learning

Resources Center ( 1 969).

Sioux Falls Public Library (1903).

Speaifish; Black Hills State College Library (1942).

Vermillion: University of South Dakota, 1. D. Weeks Library

(1889).

Yankton: Yankton College, Corliss Lay Library (1904).

TENNESSEE

Bristol: King College Library (1970).

Chattanooga:

Chattanooga-Hamilton County Bicentennial Library

(1907).

TVA Technical Library (1976).

Clarksville: Austin Peay State University, Felix G. Woodward

Library (1945).

Cleveland: Cleveland State Community College Library (1973).

Columbia: Columbia State Community College Library (1973).

Cookeville: Tennessee Technological University, Jere Whitson

Memorial Library (1969).

Jackson: Lambuth College, Luther L. Gobbel Library (1967).

Jefferson City: Carson-Newman College Library (1964).

Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Sherrod Library

(1942).

Knoxville:

Public Library of Knoxville and Knox County, Lawson

McGhee Library (1973).

University of Tennessee Law Library ( 1 97 1 ). University ofTennessee Library (1907).

Martin: University ofTennessee at Martin Library (1957).

Memphis:

Memphis and Shelby County Public Library and Information Center (1896).

Memphis State University, John W. Brister Library (1966).

Murfreesboro: Middle Tennessee State University, Andrew L. Todd Library (1912).

Nashville:

Fisk University Library (1965).

Joint University Libraries ( 1 884).

Public Library of N ash ville and Davidson County ( 1 884).

Tennessee State Law Library (

1 976).

Tennessee State Library and Archives, State Library Division (unknown).

Tennessee State University, Martha M. Brown Memorial

Library (1972).

Sewanee: University of the South, Jesse Ball duPont Library

(1873).

TEXAS

Abilene: Hardin-Simmons University Library (1940).

Arlington:

Arlington Public Library (1970).

University of Texas at Arlington Library (1963).

Austin:

Texas State Law Library (1972).

Texas State Library (unknown) — REGIONAL.

University of Texas at Austin Library (1884).

University of Texas, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public

Affairs Library (1966).

University of Texas, School of Law Library (1965).

Baytown: Lee College Library (1970).

Beaumont: Lamar University Library (1957).

Brownwood: Howard Payne College, Walker Memorial Library

(1964).

Canyon: West Texas State University Library (1928).

College Station: Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University

Library (1907).

Commerce: East Texas State University Library (1937).

Corpus Christi: Texas A&I University at Corpus Christi Library (1976).

Corsicana: Navarro Junior College Library (1965). Dallas: Bishop College, Zale Library (1966).

Dallas Baptist College Library (1967).

'

Dallas Public Library ( 1 900).

Southern Methodist University, Fondren Library (1925).

University of Texas Health Science Center Library at Dallas (1975).

Denton: North Texas State University Library (1948).

Edinburg: Pan American University Library (1959).

El Paso:

El Paso Public Library (1906).

University of Texas at El Paso Library ( 1 966). Fort Worth:

Fort Worth Public Library ( 1 905 ). Texas Christian University, Mary Couts Burnett Library

(1916).

Galveston: Rosenberg Library (1909).

Houston:

Houston Public Library (1884).

North Harris County College, Learning Resource Center

(1974).

Rice University, Fondren Library (1967).

University of Houston Library (1957).

Huntsville: Sam Houston State University, Estill Library

(1949).

Irving: Irving Municipal Library (1974).

Kingsville: Texas Arts and Industries University Library

(1944).

Lake Jackson: Brazosport College Library (1969).

Laredo: Laredo Junior College Library (1970).

Longview: Nicholson Memorial Public Library (1961).

Lubbock: Texas Tech University Library (1935) — REGIONAL.

Marshall: Wiley College, Cole Library (1962).

Mesquite: Mesquite Public Library (1975).

Nacogdoches: Stephen F. Austin State University Library

(1965).

Plainview: Wayland Baptist College, Van Howeling Memorial

Library (1963).

Richardson: University of Texas at Dallas Library (1972).

San Angelo: Angelo State University, Porter Henderson Library

(1964).

San Antonio:

San Antonio College Library (1972).

San Antonio Public Library, Business and Science Department (1899).

St. Mary's University Library (1964).

Trinity University Library (1964).

University of Texas at San Antonio Library (1973).

San Marcos: Southwest Texas State University Library (1955).

Seguin: Texas Lutheran College, Blumberg Memorial Library

(1970).

Sherman: Austin College, Arthur Hopkins Library (1963).

Texarkana: Texarkana Community College, Palmer Memorial

Library (1963).

Victoria: University of Houston, Victoria Center Library

(1973).

Waco: Baylor University Library (1905).

Wichita Falls: Midwestern University, Moffett Library (1963).

UTAH

Cedar City: Southern Utah State College Library ( 1 964).

Ephraim: Snow College, Lucy A. Phillips Library (1963).

Logan: Utah State University, Merrill Library and Learning

Resources Center (1 907) -REGIONAL.

Ogden: Weber State College Library ( 1 962). Provo:Brigham Young University, Lee Library (1908).

104
Brigham Young University Law Library (1972).

Salt Lake City:

Utah State Supreme Court Law Library (1975).

University of Utah, Eccles Medical Sciences Library

(1970).

University of Utah, Law Library (1966).

University of Utah, Marriott Library (1 893).

Utah State Library Commission, Documents Library (unknown).

VERMONT

Burlington: University of Vermont, Bailey Library (1907).

Castleton: Castleton State College, Calvin Coolidge Library

(1969).

Johnson: Johnson State College, John Dewey Library (1955).

Lyndonville: Lyndon State College, Samuel Reed Hall Library

(1969).

Middlebury: Middlebury College, Egbert Starr Library (1884).

Montpelier: Vermont Department of Libraries (before 1895).

Northfield: Norwich University Library (1908).

Putney: Windham College, Dorothy Culbertson Marvin

Memorial Library (1965).

VIRGIN ISLANDS

Charlotte Amalie (St. Thomas): College of the Virgin Islands,

Ralph M. Paiewonsky Library (1973).

St. Thomas Public Library (1968).

Christiansted (St. Croix): Christiansted Public Library (1974).

VIRGINIA

Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Newman Library

(1907).

Bridgewater: Bridgewater College, Alexander Mack Memorial

Library (1902).

Charlottesville: University of Virginia, Alderman Library (1910)— REGIONAL.

U niversity of Virginia Law Library ( 1 964).

Chesapeake: Chesapeake Public Library System (1970).

Danville: Danville Community College Library (1969).

Emory: Emory and Henry College Library (1884). Fairfax: George Mason College of the University of Virginia,

Fenwick Library (1960).

Fredericksburg: Mary Washington College, E. Lee Trinkle

Library (1940).

Hampden-Sydney: Hampden-Sydney College, Eggleston Library(1891).

Harrisonburg: Madison College, Madison Memorial Library

(1973).

Hollins College: Hollins College, Fishburn Library (1967).

Lexington:

Virginia Military Institute, Preston Library (1874).

Washington and Lee University, Cyrus Hall McCormick

Library (1910).

Martinsville: Patrick Henry Community College Library (1971).

Norfolk:

Armed Forces Staff College Library (1963).

Norfolk Public Library ( 1 895).

Old Dominion University Library (1963).

Petersburg: Virginia State College, Johnston Memorial Library

(1907).

Quantico:

Federal Bureau of Investigation Academy Library (1970).

Marine Corps Schools, James Carson Breckinridge Library

(1967).

Reston: Department of the Interior, Geological Survey Library

(1962).

Richmond:

State Law Library (1973).

University of Richmond, Boatwright Memorial Library

(1900). U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit Library (1973).

Virginia Commonwealth University, James Branch Cabell

Library (1971).

Virginia State Library (unknown).

Roanoke: Roanoke Public Library (1964).

Salem: Roanoke College Library (1886).

Williamsburg: William and Mary College Library (1936).

Wise: Clinch Valley College, John Cook Wyllie Library ( 1 97 1 ).

WASHINGTON

Bellingham: Western Washington State College, Wilson Library

(1963).

Cheney: Eastern Washington State College Library (1966).

Ellensburg: Central Washington State College Library (1962). Everett: Everett Public Library (1914).

Olympia:

Evergreen State College Library (1972).

Washington State Library (unknown) -REGIONAL.

Port Angeles: North Olympic Library System (1965).

Pullman: Washington State University Library (1907).

Seattle: Seattle Public Library (1908).

University of Washington Library ( 1 890).

University of Washington, School of Law Library (1969).

Spokane: Spokane Public Library (1910).

Tacoma:

Tacoma Public Library (1894).

University of Puget Sound, Collins Memorial Library

(1938).

Vancouver: Fort Vancouver Regional Library (1962).

Walla Walla: Whitman College, Penrose Memorial Library

(1890).

WEST VIRGINIA

Athens: Concord College Library (1924).

Bluefield: Bluefleld State College Library (1972).

Charleeton:

Kanawha County Public Library (1952).

West Virginia Library Commission (unknown).

Elkins: Davis and Elkins College Library (1913).

Fairmont: Fairmont State College Library (1884).

Glenville: Glenville State College, Robert F. Kidd Library

(1966).

Huntington: Marshall University Library (1925).

Institute: West Virginia State College Library (1907).

Morgantown: West Virginia University Library (1907) -REGIONAL.

Salem: Salem College Library (

1 92 1 ). Shepherdstown: Shepherd College Library (1971).

Weirton: Mary H. Weir Public Library (1963).

WISCONSIN

Appleton: Lawrence University, Seeley G. Mudd Library

(1869).

Beloit: Beloit College Libraries ( 1 888).

Eau Claire: University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, William D. Mclntyre Library (1951).

Fond du Lac: Fond du Lac Public Library (1966).

105
Green Bay: University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Library

(1968).

La Crosse: La Crosse Public Library ( 1 883).

University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Murphy Library

(1965).

Madison:

Department of Public Instruction, Division for Library Services, Reference and Loan Library ( 1 965 ). Madison Public Library (1965). State Historical Society Library (1870)-REGIONAL, in cooperation with University of Wisconsin, Memorial

Library.

University of Wisconsin, Memorial Library (1939).

Wisconsin State Library (unknown).

Milwaukee:

Alverno College Library (1971 ). Milwaukee County Law Library (1934).

Milwaukee Public Library (l861)-REGIONAL.

Mount Mary College Library (1964).

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Library (1960).

Oshkosh: University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Forrest R. Polk

Library (1956).

latteville: University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Elton S. Karr- mann Library (1964).

Racine: Racine Public Library ( 1 898).

River Falls: University of Wisconsin-River Falls, Chalmer

Davee Library (1962).

Stevens Point: University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Learning

Resources Center (1951).

Superior:

Superior Public Library ( 1 908).

University of Wisconsin-Superior, Jim Dan Hill Library

(1935).

Waukesha: Waukesha Public Library ( 1 966).

Wausau: Marathon County Public Library (1971).

Whitewater: University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Harold Andersen Library (1963).

WYOMING

Casper: Natrona County Public Library (1929).

Cheyenne: Wyoming State Library (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Laramie: University of Wyoming, Coe Library (1 907).

Powell: :Northwest Community College Library (1967).

Riverton: Central Wyoming College Library (1969).

Rock Springs: Western Wyoming College Library (1969).

Sheridan: Sheridan College, Mary Brown Kooi Library (1963).

106
APPENDIX B. LIST OF FIELD OFFICES OF THE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

ALABAMA

Birmingham — Gayle C. Shelton, Jr., Director, Suite 200-201 , 908 South 20th

Street 35205, Area Code 205 Tel 254-

1331, FTS 229-1331

ALASKA

**Anchorage— Sara L. Haslett, Director,

412 Hill Building, 632 Sixth Avenue

99501 , Area Code 907 Tel 265-5307

ARIZONA

Phoenix- Donald W. Fry, Director, 508

Greater Arizona Savings Building, 112

North Central Avenue 85004, Area

Code 602 Tel 261-3285, FTS 261-3285

ARKANSAS

*Little Rock (Dallas, Texas District) - 1 100

North University, Suite 109 72207,

Area Code 501 Tel 378-5 157, FTS 740-

5157

CALIFORNIA

Los Angeles— Eric C. Silberstein,

Director, Room 800, 11777 San

Vicente Boulevard 90049, Area Code

2 1 3 Tel 824-759 1 , FTS 799-759

1

*San Diego- 233 A Street, Suite 310

92101, Area Code 714 Tel 293-5395,

FTS 895-5395

San Francisco— Philip M. Creighton,

Director, Federal Building, Box 36013,

450 Golden Gate Avenue 94102, Area

Code 415 Tel 556-5860, FTS 556-5868

COLORADO

Denver— Norman Lawson, Director,

Room 165, New Customhouse, 19th &

Stout Street 80202, Area Code 303 Tel

837-3246, FTS 327-3246

CONNECTICUT

Hartford— Richard C. Kilbourn, Director,

Room 610-B, Federal Office Building,

450 Main Street 06103, Area Code 203

Tel 244-3530, FTS 244-3530

FLORIDA

Miami— Roger J. LaRoche, Director,

Room 821, City National Bank Building, 25 West Flagler Street 33 1 30, Area

Code 305 Tel 350-5267, FTS 350-5267

*Clearwater— 128 North Osceola Avenue

33515, Area Code 8 1 3 Tel 446-408

1

*Jacksonville — 604 North Hogan Street

32202, Area Code 904 Tel 791-2796,

FTS 946-2796

*Tallahassee- Collins Building, Rm. G-20

32304, Area Code 904 Tel 488-6469,

FTS 946-4320

GEORGIA

Atlanta— David S. Williamson, Director,

Suite 600, 1365 Peachtree Street, N.E.

30309, Area Code 404 Tel 526-6000,

FTS 285-6000

Savannah— James W. Mclntire, Director,

235 U.S. Courthouse & P.O. Building,

125-29 Bull Street 31402, Area Code

912 Tel 232-4321, Ext. 204, FTS 287-

4204

HAWAII

Honolulu—John S. Davies. Director, 286

Alexander Young Building, 1015

Bishop Street 96813, Area Code 808

Tel 546-8694

IDAHO

*Boise (Portland, Oregon District)—P.O. Box 9366, 83707, Area Code 208 Tel

342-2711, FTS 588-2326

ILLINOIS

Chicago— Gerald M. Marks, Director,

1406 Mid Continental Plaza Building,

55 East Monroe Street 60603, Area

Code 312 Tel 353-4450, FTS 353-6957

INDIANA

Indianapolis— Mel R. Sherar, Director,

357 U.S. Courthouse & Federal Office

Building, 46 East Ohio Street 46204,

Area Code 3 1 7 Tel 269-62 14, FTS 331-

6214

IOWA

Des Moines— Jesse N. Durden, Director,

609 Federal Building, 210 Walnut

Street 50309, Area Code 515 Tel 284-

4222, FTS 862-4222

KANSAS

*Wichita (St. Louis, Missouri District) —

Wichita State University, Clinton Hall,

Room 341, 67208, Area Code 316 Tel

267-6160, FTS 752-6160

KENTUCKY

*Frankfort (Memphis, Tennessee

District) — Capitol Plaza Office Tower,

Room 2332, 40601 , Area Code 502 Tel

875-4421

LOUISIANA

New Orleans— Edwin A. Leiand, Jr., Director, 432 International Trade Mart,

No. 2 Canal Street 70130, Area Code

504 Tel 589-6546, FTS 682-6546

MAINE

*Portland (Boston, Massachusetts District)- — Maine State Pier, 40 Commercial

Street 041 1 1 , Area Code 207 Tel 775-

3131,FTS 833-3236

MARYLAND

Baltimore — Carroll F. Hopkins, Director,

415 U.S. Customhouse, Gay and Lombard Streets 21202, Area Code 301 Tel

962-3560, FTS 922-3560

MASSACHUSETTS

Boston— Richard F. Treadway, Director,

10th Floor, 441 Stuart Street 02116,

Area Code 6 1 7 Tel 223-23 1 2, FTS 223-

2312

MICHIGAN

Detroit- William L. Welch, Director, 445

Federal Building, 231 West Lafayette

48226, Area Code 313 Tel 226-3650,

FTS 226-3650

*Ann Arbor— Graduate School of Busi- ness Administration, University of

Michigan Room 288,48105, Area Code

3 1 3 Tel 994-3297, FTS 374-5638

*Grand Rapids- 17 Fountain Street N.W.

49503, Area Code 616 Tel 455-

241 1/33, FTS 372-241 1

MINNESOTA

Minneapolis — Glenn A. Matson, Director,

2 1 8 Federal Building, 1 1 0 South Fourth

Street 55401. Area Code 612 Tel 725-

2133, FTS 725-2133

MISSISSIPPI

Jackson (Birmingham, Alabama District)

—P.O. Box 849, 2003 Walter Sillers Building 39205, Area Code 601 Tel

99969-4388, FTS 490-4388

MISSOURI

St. Louis— Donald R. Loso, Director, 120

South Central Avenue 63105, Area

Code 314 Tel 425-3302-4, FTS 279-

3302

*Kansas City-Room 1840,601 East 12th

Street 64106, Area Code 816 Tel 374-

3 142, FTS 758-3 142

107
MONTANA

*Butte (Cheyenne, Wyoming District) - 2 1

0

Miners Bank Building, Park Street 59701, Area Code 406 Tel 723-6561,

Ext. 2317. FTS 585-23 17

NEBRASKA

Omaha — George H. Payne, Director,

Capitol Plaza, Suite 703 A, 1815 Capitol

Avenue 68 1 02 , Area Code 402 Tel 22 1 - 3665, FTS 864-3665

NEVADA

Reno—Joseph J. Jeremy, Director, 2028

Federal Building, 300 Booth Street 89502, Area Code 702 Tel 784-5203,

FTS 598-5203

NEW JERSEY

Newark — Clifford R. Lincoln, Director,

4th Floor, Gateway Building, Market

Street & Penn Plaza 07102, Area Code

201 Tel 645-6214, FTS 341-6214

NEW MEXICO

Albuquerque— William E. Dwyer,

Director. 505 Marquette Ave., NW,

Suite 1015, 87102, Area Code 505 Tel

766-2386, FTS 474-2386

NEW YORK

Buffalo— Robert F. Magee, Director,

1312 Federal Building, 1 1 1 West Huron

Street 14202, Area Code 716 Tel 842-

3208, FTS 432-3208

New York- Arthur C. Rutzen, Director,

37th Floor, Federal Office Building, 26

Federal Plaza, Foley Square 10007,

Area Code 2 1 2 Tel 264-0634, FTS 264-

0600

NORTH CAROLINA

Greensboro— Joel B. Nevi', Director, 203

Federal Building, West Market Street, P.O. Box 1950 27402, Area Code 919

Tel 378-5345, FTS 699-5345

*Asheville-151 Haywood Street 28802,

Area Code 704 Tel 254-1 98 1 , FTS 672-

0342

OHIO

Cincinnati — Gordon B. Thomas, Director,

10504 Federal Office Building, 550

Main Street 45202, Area Code 513 Tel

684-2944, FTS 684-2944

Cleveland — Charles B. Stebbins, Director,

Room 600, 666 Euclid Avenue 441 14,

Area Code 2 1 6 Tel 522-4750, FTS 293-

4750

OKLAHOMA

^Oklahoma City (Dallas, Texas District)

—4020 Lincoln Boulevard 73105,

Area Code 405 Tel 231-5302, FTS 736- 5302

OREGON

**Portland- LLoyd R. Porter, Director,

Room 618, 1220 S.W. 3rd Avenue

97204, Area Code 503 Tel 221-3001,

FTS 423-3001

PENNSYLVANIA

Philadelphia— Patrick P. McCabe,

Director, 9448 Federal Building, 600

Arch Street 19106, Area Code 215 Tel

597-2850, FTS 597-2866

Pittsburgh— Newton Heston, Jr., Director, 2002 Federal Building, 1000

Liberty Avenue 15222, Area Code 412

Tel 644-2850, FTS 722-2850

PUERTO RICO

San Juan (Hato Rey) — Enrique Vilella,

Director, Room 659-Federal Building

00918, Area Code 809 Tel 763-6363

Ext. 555, FTS 759-7040/45

RHODE ISLAND

*Providence (Boston, Massachusetts Distr- ict)- 1 Weybossett Hill 02903, Area

Code 401 Tel 277-2605, Ext. 22, FTS

838-4482

SOUTH CAROLINA

Columbia— Philip A. Ouzts, Director,

2611 Forest Drive, Forest Center

29204, Area Code 803 Tel 765-5345,

FTS 677-5345

*Charleston — Suite 63 1 , Federal Building,

334 Meeting Place 29403, Area Code

803 Tel 577-4361 , FTS 677-4361

TENNESSEE

Memphis- Bradford H. Rice, Director,

Room 710, 147 Jefferson Avenue

38103, Area Code 901 Tel 521-3213,

FTS 222-3213

*Nashville— Room 1004, Andrew Jackson

Office Building 37219, Area Code 615

Tel 749-5161, FTS 852-5161

TEXAS

Dallas— C. Carmon Stiles, Director,

Room 7A5, 1100 Commerce Street, 75242, Area Code 214 Tel 749-1515,

FTS 749-1513

Houston — Felicito C. Guerrero, Director,

2625 Federal Building, Courthouse, 5 15 Rusk Street 77002, Area Code 713 Tel

226-4231, FTS 527-4231

*San Antonio— University of Texas at San

Antonio, Division of School of Continuing Education 78285, Area Code 512

Tel 227-9 147

UTAH

Salt Lake City — George M. Blessing, Jr., Director, 1203 Federal Building, 125

South State Street 84138, Area Code

801 Tel 524-5 116, FTS 588-5 1 16

VIRGINIA

Richmond — Weldon W. Tuck, Director,

8010 Federal Building, 400 North 8th

Street 23240, Area Code 804 Tel 782-

2246, FTS 925-2246

WASHINGTON

Seattle— J udson S. Wonderly, Director,

Room 706, Lake Union Building, 1700

Westlake Avenue North 98109, Area

Code 206 Tel 442-5615, FTS 399-5615

WEST VIRGINIA

Charleston— J. Raymond DePaulo,

Director, 3000 New Federal Office

Building, 500 Quarrier Street 25301,

Area Code 304 Tel 343-6181 , Ext. 375,

FTS 924-1375

WISCONSIN

Milwaukee— Russell H. Leitch, Director,

Federal BIdg/U.S. Courthouse, 517

East Wisconsin Avenue 53202, Area

Code 414 Tel 224-3473, FTS 362-3473

WYOMING

Cheyenne— Lowell O. Burns, Director,

6022 O'Mahoney Federal Center, 2120

Capitol Avenue 82001, Area Code 307

Tel 778-2220, Ext. 2151, FTS 328-

2151

^Denotes Satellite Office

**Denotes Change

108
APPENDIX C. CBT PUBLICATION ORDER NUMBERS AND PRICE LIST

The National Bureau of Standards, Center for

Building Technology (CBT) publications are

available from the Government Printing Office,

(GPO) or the National Technical Information

Service (NTIS). The following table lists the

CBT publication numbers, the SD Catalog No.

(if available from GPO) or the Order No. (if available from NTIS), and the most recent price

of each document. Page iv provides complete

instruction on how to obtain publications.

BUILDING SCIENCE SERIES

Government Printing National Technical Government Printing National Technical

Office Information Service Office Information

Publication

Number

SD Catalog No. Price Order No. Price

Publication

Number SD Catalog No. Price Order No. Price

62 SN 003-003-01738-8 1.90 100-2 SN 003-003-01718-3 1.30 93 SN 003-003-01691-8 .45 100-3 SN 003-003-01719-1 2.00 94 SN 003-003-01696-9 1.55 100-4 SN 003-003-01720-5 1.50 96 SN 003-003-01698-5 4.65 100-5 SN 003-003-01721-3 1.50 97 SN 003-003-04768-0 2.10 103 SN 003-003-01859-7 1.30 98 SN 003-003-01765-5 1.30 104 SN 003-003-01794-9 3.75

100-1 SN 003-003-01717-5 1.40 106 SN 003-003-01872-4 6.00

TECHNICAL NOTES

933 SN 003-003-01746-9 1.10 941 SN 003-003-01727-2 2.30 934 SN 003-003-01740-0 .85 946 SN 003-003-01801-5 2.30 938 SN 003-003-01761-2 1.60 953 SN 003-003-01796-5 2.00 940 SN 003-003-01790-6 2.00

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

440 SN 003-003-01705-1 3.25 473 SN 003-003-01775-2 6.00 446-1 SN 003-003-01846-5 2.20 476 SN 003-003-01804-0 1.40 457-1 SN 003-003-01802-5 2.20 477 SN 003-003-01772-8 6.25 458 SN 003-003-01684-5 .75 489 SN 003-003-01830-9 3.00 470 SN 003-003-01762-1 5.60 490 SN 003-003-01841-4 3.00

HANDBOOKS

121 SN 003-003-01669-1 3.50

109
NBS INTERAGENCY REPORTS

Government Printing National Technical Government Printing National Technical

Oflice Information Service Office Information Service

Publication

Number

SD Catalog No. Price Order No. Price

Publication

Number SD Catalog No. Price Order No. Price

76-1005 PB 273120 5.25 77-1250 PB 268150 6.00 76-1088 PB 273949 5.25 77-1254 PB 269354 5.25 76-1103 PB 268425 5.25 77-1256 PB 267845 4.50

76-1 177 PB 267829 4.50 77-1259 PB 268873 6.50

76-1 178 PB 264211 4.50 77-1261 PB 270867 5.25 76-1182 PB 263883 6.50 77-1263 PB 273946 4.50

76-1 184 rB Zollll 4.31) 77-1272 Va 2717DO 6.00 76-1193 PB 265103 4.00 77-1274 PB 269847 8.00 77-1196 PB 274647 4.50 77-1297 PB 273899 10.75 77-1197 PB 268081 4.00 77-1303 PB 274331 5.25 77-1207 PB 264427 4.00 77-1305 PB 272500 5.25 77-1210 PB 264297 5.25 77-1307 PB 273175 6.50 77-1233 PB 265436 5.25 77-1309 PB 274334 4.50 77-1237 PB 267281 4.50 77-1313 PB 273944 5.25 77-1243 PB 269517 8.00 77-1316 PB 274404 8.00 77-1244 PB 270854 5.25 77-1390 PB 274335 6.50 77-1246 PB 268389 6.00

GOVERNMENT CONTRACT REPORTS

77-87 PB 268132 4.50 77-91 PB 268904 5.00 77-88 PB 268131 5.50 77-92 PB 273166 4.50

110

jJr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFHCE : 1978 O—270-325
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

NBS SP 457-2

2, Gov't Accession

No.

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Building Technology Publications

Supplement 2: 1977

5» Publication Date -August 1978

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

JoAnne R. Debelius, Editor

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-woTd or less factual summary of most si^ificant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

This report presents the National Bureau of Standards' (NBS) Center for

Building Technology (CBT) publications for 1977. It is the second

supplement to Special Publication 457, Building Technology Publications

1965-1975 and covers the period from January 1, 1977 to December 31,

1977. It includes an abstract of each NBS publication, titles and abstracts

of papers published in non-NBS media, key word and author indexes, and general

information and instructions on how to order CBT publications.

This report provides the primary means of communicating the results of

CBT programs to its varied technical audiences, as well as to the general

public. Publications constitute a major end product of CBT's efforts and

in 1977 appeared in several NBS publication series (Building Science

Series, Technical Note, Special Publication, Handbook and NBS Interagency

Report).

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons

)

Abstracts; Center for Building Technology; key words; publications

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(THIS REPORT)

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Waste Heat

A typical plant can save about 20 percent of its fuel—just by installing waste heat recovery equipment. But with so much equipment on the market,

how do you decide what's right for you?

Find the answers to your problems in the Waste

Heat Management Guidebook, a new handbook

from the Commerce Department's National Bureau

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The IVasfe Heat Management Guidebook is designed to help you, the cost-conscious engineer or manager, learn how to capture and recycle heat

that is normally lost to the environment during industrial and commercial processes.

The heart of the guidebook is 14 case studies of

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fit exactly, you'll find helpful approaches to solving

many waste heat recovery problems.

In addition to case studies, the guidebook contains

information on:

• sources and uses of waste heat • determining waste heat requirements • economics of waste heat recovery

• commercial options in waste heat recovery

equipment • instrumentation • engineering data for waste heat recovery • assistance for designing and installing waste

heat systems

To order your copy of the Waste Heat Management

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A discount of 25 percent is given on orders of 100

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The Waste Heat Management Guidebook is part of

the EPIC industrial energy management program

aimed at helping industry and commerce adjust to

the increased cost and shortage of energy.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards

FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION/Energy Conservation and Environment
SINGLE

CRi^TAL

DATA

REVISED! UPDATEDl

In 1954, the first edition of CRYSTAL DATA (Determinative Tables

and Systematic Tables) was published as Memoir 60 of the Geological Society of America. In 1960,

the second edition of the Determinative Tables was issued as Monograph

5 of the American Crystallographic

Association, and in 1967, the Systematic Tables were issued as Monograph 6. These editions proved ex- tremely valuable to crystallographers

throughout the world. Recognizing the

need for updated crystallographic in formation, the National Bureau of Standards Office of Standard Reference Data

has sponsored the issuance of a new

edition.

This, the THIRD EDITION, should be of

particular interest not only to crystallographers but also to chemists, mineralogists, physicists and individuals in related fields of study. The current edition,

which comprises two volumes. Organic and

Inorganic, is a thoroughly revised and updated work, containing over 25,000 entries

The entries are listed, within each crystal system, according to increasing values of a determinative number: a/b ratio in trimetric

systems, c/a ratio in dimetric systems, and

cubic cell edge a, in the isometric system. In addition, the following information is given:

INORGANIC VOLUME $50.00

ORGANIC VOLUME $30.00

axial ratio(s) and interaxial angles

not fixed by symmetry, cell dimensions, space group or diffraction

aspect, number of formula units

per unit cell, crystal structure,

(whether determined), measured

density and x-ray calculated density. Also listed is the name of the

compound and synonym(s),

chemical formula, literature ref- erence and transformation

matrix. When available, the crystal structure type, crystal habit,

^cleavages, twinning, color, optical

properties, indices of refraction,

optical orientation, melting point

and transition point are also

listed. THIS EDITION culminates years of

effort by J. D. H. Donnay, Johns

Hopkins University, Helen M. Ondik,

National Bureau of Standards, Sten

Samson, California Institute of

Technology, Quintin Johnson,

Lawrence Radiation Laboratory,

Melvin H. Mueller, Argonne National

Laboratory, Gerard M. Wolten, Aerospace Corporation, Mary E. Mrose,

U.S. Geological Survey, Olga Kennard and David G. Watson, Cambridge University, England and

Murray Vernon King, Massachusetts General Hospital.

Plus shipping and handling

Shipments are made via insured parcel post. Additional charges for shipments by air or commercial carrier. TERMS: Domestic—30 days Foreign—prepayment required. Address all orders to: JOINT COMMIHEE ON POWDER DIFFRACTION STANDARDS 1601 Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081

Please accept my order for CRYSTAL DATA, DETERMINATIVE TABLES, Third Edition, Donnay/Ondik.

Organic Volume

Inorganic Volume

Ship to:

Signature


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BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES

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