NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 201

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 201

BOREAS TF-6 SSA-YA Surface

Energy Flux and Meteorological

Data

Pierre Bessemoulin and Dominique Puech

Meteo-France, CNRM/Groupe De Meteorologic Experimentale

et Instrumentale (GMEI)

Toulouse

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022586 2018-05-15T06:39:35+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 201

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 201

BOREAS TF-6 SSA-YA Surface

Energy Flux and Meteorological

Data

Pierre Bessemoulin and Dominique Puech

Meteo-France, CNRM/Groupe De Meteorologic Experimentale

et Instrumentale (GMEI)

Toulouse

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-6 SSA-YA Surface Energy Flux and Meteorological Data

Pierre Bessemoulin, Dominique Puech

Summary

The BOREAS TF-6 team collected surface energy flux and meteorology data at the SSA-YA site. The

data characterize the energy flux and meteorological conditions at the site from 18-Jul to 20-Sep-1994.

The data set does not contain any trace gas exchange measurements. The data are available in tabular

ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-06 SSA-YA Surface Energy Flux and Meteorological Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

Meteorological and flux measurements were collected in 1994 by Centre National de Recherches

M6t6orologiques (CNRM) personnel during Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs) 2 and 3 of the BOReal

Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) at the Southern Study Area (SSA) Young Aspen (YA) site.

Energy fluxes were reported as 30-minute averages, and the meteorology data were reported at

10-minute intervals. Carbon dioxide flux data were not collected.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The common aim of the BOREAS surface flux group was to use a network of tower- based

observing systems to measure fluxes of heat, momentum, evaporation, and some trace gases over

different vegetation types (aspen, jack pine, black spruce, and fen), vegetation age (old and young),

and surface wetness. CNRM personnel on the BOREAS Tower Flux (TF) team TF-06 conducted such

a study at the SSA-YA site. The YA site is of importance because it is representative of a regenerating

forest that occurs widely in the boreal forest region.

Page 1
1.4 Summary of Parameters

Net radiation, total and solar upward and downward radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux,

Bowen ratio, soil heat flux, wind speed and direction, air pressure, rainfall, air temperature and

humidity above and in canopy, soil temperature at two depths.

1.5 Discussion

Flux data were acquired using fast response sensors. The data were collected and stored by a

COMPAQ portable PC powered by batteries and solar panels. Meteorological measurements were

acquired using a CEIS ESPACE Automated Weather Station (AWS). The sampling rate for all

parameters is on the order of a few seconds. Reported variables are arithmetic means, with the

exception of mean wind speed and direction, which are estimated using a vector mean and rainfall,

which is the cumulative amount of water collected during 10-minute intervals. Flux data were reported

every 30 minutes. Meteorological data were reported as 10-minute averages. The instruments operated

continuously from 18-Jul to 20-Sep- 1994.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TF-01 SSA-OA Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

BOREAS TF-02 SSA-OA Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

BOREAS TF-04 SSA-YJP Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Canopy Condition Data

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Pierre Bessemoulin

METEO-FRANCE/CNRM

Toulouse

2.2 Title of Investigation

Study of the Boreal Forest Effects on Surface/Atmosphere Fluxes (TF-06)

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Pierre Bessemoulin

Meteo-France

CNRM/Groupe De Meteorologic Experimentale et Instrumentale (GMEI)

42 Av. G. Coriolis

F-31057 TOULOUSE Cedex

FRANCE

(33)61079364

(33)61079627 (fax)

bessemoulin@ meteo.fr

Contact 2:

Dominique Puech

Meteo-France

CNRM/GMEI

42 Av. G. Coriolis

F-31057 TOULOUSE Cedex

FRANCE

(33)61079364

(33)61079627 (fax)

puech@meteo.fr

Page 2
Contact 3:

Karl F. Huemmrich

University of Maryland

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-4862

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Karl.Huemmrich@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Eddy correlation is a well-known technique that has the advantage of being a direct method of

measuring surface energy fluxes (compared to indirect methods such as the Bowen ratio method, or

profile methods). The principle of eddy correlation is to measure fluctuations of the three wind

components (u,v,w) with a 3-D sonic anemometer, along with air temperature and moisture. The air

temperature may be determined from the sonic temperature (Ts). The sonic temperature is derived from

a measure of the sound velocity (C). The air temperature may also be measured directly with a

thermocouple. Covariances of the above parameters were computed in real time in the field. Fluxes

were derived from covariances by applying different corrections:

• Coordinate rotations to remove possible misalignment of the sonic anemometer structure with

respect to the local mean wind streamlines.

• w'T's corrected from the influence of latent and momentum fluxes to derive the sensible heat

flux.

• Webb and frequency response corrections (including the effect of limited response of the

sensors, time constants, path length averaging, and sensor separation).

• Contamination of humidity measurements when using a Krypton hygrometer by sensible heat

flux.

Fluxes were estimated every 30 minutes, using a sampling rate of 21 Hz. Fluctuations were computed

by referencing the actual signals to running means (recursive filter where the time constant was 200

seconds).

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were taken continuously from 18-Jul to 20-Sep-1994. The tower extended above

the canopy and was exposed to direct sunlight and weather. Because the site operated only through late

summer, the temperature conditions were mild.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Two portable pole-type towers, stabilized with guy wires, were used. One tower supported the

meteorological instruments; the other supported the sonic anemometer. A third structure at the site, in

the form of an "A"-shaped folding ladder, supported the solar cells that powered the instruments.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The purpose of the tower was to provide a stable platform extending above the canopy from which

surface flux observations could be collected.

Page 3
4.1.4 Key Variables

Net radiation, total and solar upward and downward radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux,

Bowen ratio, soil heat flux, wind speed and direction, air pressure, rainfall, air temperature and

humidity above and in canopy, soil temperature at two depths.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

Eddy correlation using a 3-D sonic anemometer.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Instruments were attached to the tower at the following heights (negative values are underground):

• Sonic anemometer at 6.0 m (agl)

• Moisture sensor, Krypton hygrometer, at 6.0 m (agl)

Response times (path length) were the following:

• Sonic anemometer: 0.05 s (14.9 cm)

• Hygrometer: 0.01 s (1.3 cm)

• The separation between the two sensors was 18 cm.

• Wind speed and direction at 10 m (agl)

• Temperature at 9.2 m (agl)

• Humidity at 9.2 m (agl)

• Upward/downward total radiation at 9.2 m (agl)

• Upward/downward solar radiation at 9.2 m (agl)

• Temperature at 2.0 m (agl)

• Humidity at 2.0 m (agl)

• Rainfall measured at 6 m (above canopy)

• Soil temperature at -1 cm

• Soil temperature at -5 cm

• Soil heat flux plate at -3 cm

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Sonic anemometer - Gill Solent3D sonic anemometer

Moisture sensor - Campbell Scientific KH20 Krypton hygrometer

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

815 W. 1800 N.

Logan, UT 84321-1784

(801) 753-2342

Wind speed and direction - R.M. Young wind monitor AQ type

Manufacturer: R.M. Young Company

Distributor: Campbell Scientific, Inc.

815 W. 1800 N.

Logan, UT 84321-1784

(801) 753-2342

Humidity sensors - Vaisala HMP35A

Manufacturer: Vaisala, Inc., Woburn, MA

Distributor: Campbell Scientific, Inc.

815 W. 1800 N.

Logan, UT 84321-1784

(801) 753-2342

Upward/downward total radiation - Schenk 8111 pyranometer

Page 4
Upward/downwardsolarradiation- Schenk8101pyranometer

Rainfall- Weathermeasuretippingbucket

Surfacepressure- AIR DB2A

Soil heatflux plate- Thornthwaiteplate

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

The Campbell Scientific KH20 hygrometer was connected to one analog input of the sonic

anemometer. Data available on the serial port of the sonic anemometer, which was set to MODE 1

(calibrated UVW), were used. In this mode, the three vector speeds were corrected to allow for the

effects of the framework and transducers. Accordingly, calibrations of the manufacturer were used for

the sonic anemometer. Regular checks were made in the field (comparison with wind speed measured

by the nearby AWS did not reveal any discrepancy). For the KH20 hygrometer, calibration

information provided by Campbell Scientific was used. Only mean moisture values could be checked,

compared to humidity measurements conducted at the AWS.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Not given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Not given.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Not given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Flux data were acquired using fast response sensors. Data were collected and stored by a COMPAQ

portable PC powered by batteries and solar panels. Meteorological measurements were acquired using

a CEIS ESPACE AWS. The sampling rate for all parameters is on the order of a few seconds.

Parameters appearing in the message delivered by the station are arithmetic means, except for mean

wind speed and direction, which are estimated using a vector and rainfall, which is the cumulative

amount of water fallen during 10-minute intervals. Flux data were reported every 30-minutes.

Meteorological data were 10-minute averages (see above).

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

Fetch conditions were excellent for the flux measurements.

6.2 Field Notes

Four days of data were lost (23-Aug - 26-Aug, out of IFC-3) because some big game destroyed

the cable powering the AWS.

Page 5
7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All data were collected at the SSA-YA site. The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)

coordinates of the site were approximately 53 ° 39' N; 105 ° 20'W. The altitude was 550 m. The tower

was located in a clearing 2 km long, 1 km wide, covered by dense young aspen (mean height: 2.5 to 3

m), surrounded by large trees (mixed aspen and jack pines, up to 20 m). Near the tower, the tree

density was 10 trunks per square meter, with a mean trunk diameter of 3 cm. The biomass was

estimated at 20 kg per square meter.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The data represent point source measurements taken at the given location. The towers were placed

in a clearing 2 km long, 1 km wide, covered by dense young aspen (mean height: 2.5 to 3 m). The

area was surrounded by large trees (mixed aspen and jack pines, up to 20 m). Fetch conditions were

excellent for the flux measurements.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Measurements are available from 18-Jul to 20-Sep-1994. Four days of data were lost (23-Aug -

26-Aug, out of IFC-3) because some big game destroyed the cable powering the AWS.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

All data were collected at the SSA-YA site.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The Gill Solent3D sonic anemometer has a sampling rate of 21 Hz; these data are averaged to

30-minute values. Flux data were reported every 30 minutes. Meteorological data are 10-minute

averages.

7.3 Data Characteristics

The data from TF-06 are stored in two files, one for the tower flux and one for the meteorology

data. Both files are described in the following sections.

Page 6
7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF06 TOWER FLUX

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TF06 METEOROLOGICAL

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SURF PRESS

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP 2M

SOIL TEMP ICM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

REL HUM ABV CNPY

REL HUM 2M

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND VELOC ABV CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY

UP TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Page 7
7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF06 TOWER FLUX

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TF06 METEOROLOGICAL

Column Name

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

data collection.

The sensible heat flux measured above the canopy.

The latent heat flux measured above the canopy.

The Bowen Ratio, defined as the sensible heat flux

divided by the latent heat flux.

The net radiation measured above the canopy.

The surface soil heat flux.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI but

questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

Page 8
SURF PRESS

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

AIR TEHP 2H

SOIL TEMP ICM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

REL HUM ABV CNPY

REL HUM 2M

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND VELOC ABV CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY

UP TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

data collection.

The atmospheric pressure measured at station

level.

This column contains the air temperature measured

above the canopy.

The air temperature at 2 meters above the ground.

Soil temperature at 1 cm depth.

Soil temperature at 5 cm depth.

The relative humidity measured above the canopy.

The relative humidity at 2 meters above ground.

The wind direction measured above the canopy.

The wind velocity measured above the canopy.

The amount of rainfall in this 30 minutes measured

above the canopy.

The total downward (incoming) radiation measured

above the canopy.

The total upward (outgoing) radiation measured

above the canopy.

The downward (incoming) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The reflected (outgoing) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The net radiation measured above the canopy.

The surface soil heat flux.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI but

questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF06 TOWER FLUX

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY [unitless]

NET RAD ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

SOIL HEAT FLUX [Watts] [meter^-2]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

Page 9
TF06 METEOROLOGICAL

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

SURF PRESS [unitless]

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY [degrees Celsius]

AIR TEMP 2M [degrees Celsius]

SOIL TEMP ICM [degrees Celsius]

SOIL TEMP 5CM [degrees Celsius]

REL HUM ABV CNPY [percent]

REL HUM 2M [percent]

WIND DIR ABV CNPY [degrees from North]

WIND VELOC ABV CNPY [meters] [second^-l]

RAINFALL [millimeters]

DOWN TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

UP TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

NET RAD ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

SOIL HEAT FLUX [Watts] [meter^-2]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The source of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF06 TOWER FLUX

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TF06 METEOROLOGICAL

Column Name

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[Sonic Anemometer]

[Krypton Hygrometer]

[Sonic Anemometer, Krypton Hygrometer]

[Net Radiometer]

[Soil heat flux plate]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SURF PRESS

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP 2M

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[barometer]

[VAISALA HMP35A]

[VAISALA HMP35A]

Page 10
SOIL TEMP ICM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

REL HUM ABV CNPY

REL HUM 2M

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND VELOC ABV CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY

UP TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[VAISALA HMP35A]

[VAISALA HMP35A]

[RM YOUNG Wind Monitor AQ type]

[RM YOUNG Wind Monitor AQ type]

[Tipping bucket rain gauge]

[SCHENK 8111 pyranometer]

[SCHENK 8111 pyranometer]

[SCHENK 8101 pyranometer]

[SCHENK 8101 pyranometer]

[Net Radiometer]

[Soil heat flux plate]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following tables gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

TF06 TOWER FLUX

Column Name

Minimum Maximum Missing Unrel Below

Data Data Data Data Detect

Value Value Value Value Limit

Data

Not

Cllctd

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV

CNPY

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

SSA-9YA-FLXTR SSA-9YA-FLXTR None None None

9TF06-FLX01 9TF06-FLX01 None None None

19-JUL-94 19-SEP-94 None None None

0 2330 None None None

-123 332 -999 None None

-53 472 -999 None None

-36 58 -999 None None

-75 675 -999 None None

-27 56 -999 None None

CPI CPI None None None

05-DEC-97 05-DEC-97 None None None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

TF06 METEOROLOGICAL

Minimum

Data

Column Name Value

Maximum Missing Unrel Below

Data Data Data Detect

Value Value Value Limit

Data

Not

Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-9YA-FLXTR

SUB SITE 9TF06-MET01

DATE OBS 19-JUL-94

TIME OBS 0

SURF PRESS 936.1

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY 1.4

AIR TEMP 2M -4.6

SOIL TEMP ICM 3.3

SOIL TEMP 5CM 6.8

SSA-9YA-FLXTR None None None None

9TF06-MET01 None None None None

19-SEP-94 None None None None

2350 None None None None

963.1 -999 None None None

28.6 -999 None None None

29.5 -999 None None None

20.9 -999 None None None

15.1 -999 None None None

Page 11
REL HUM ABV CNPY 28 97 -999 None None None

REL HUM 2M 19 i00 -999 None None None

WIND DIR ABV CNPY 0 360 -999 None None None

WIND VELOC ABV CNPY 0 8.4 -999 None None None

RAINFALL 0 5 -999 None None None

DOWN TOTAL RAD ABV 244 1352 -999 None None None

CNPY

UP TOTAL RAD ABV 294 602 -999 None None None

CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV 0 950 -999 None None None

CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV 0 173 -999 None None None

CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY -76 763 -999 None None None

SOIL HEAT FLUX -28 77 -999 None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 05-DEC-97 05-DEC-97 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missing Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

Page 12
7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

TF06 TOWER FLUX

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY,NET RAD ABV CNPY, SOIL HEAT FLUX,

CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-9YA-FLXTR', '9TF06-FLX01',01-AUG-94,0,-15,93,-.2,129,10, 'CPI',05-DEC-97

'SSA-9YA-FLXTR', '9TF06-FLX01',01-AUG-94,30,-3,5,-.6,31,2, 'CPI',05-DEC-97

TF06 METEOROLOGICAL

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,SURF PRESS,AIR TEMP ABV CNPY, AIR TEMP 2M,

SOIL TEMP ICM, SOIL TEMP 5CM, REL HUM ABV CNPY,REL HUM 2M, WIND DIR ABV CNPY,

WIND VELOC ABV CNPY,RAINFALL,DOWN TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY, UP TOTAL RAD ABV CNPY,

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY, UP SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY,NET RAD ABV CNPY,

SOIL HEAT FLUX,CRTFCN CODE, REVISION DATE

'SSA-9YA-FLXTR', '9TF06-MET01', 01-AUG-94, 0, 950.3,25,25.9, 19, 14.8,58, 63, 190,2.1,

0,722,502,343,75,220,12, 'CPI ' , 05-DEC-97

'SSA-9YA-FLXTR', '9TF06-MET01', 01-AUG-94, i0, 950.2,25,25.9, 19, 14.8,58, 62, 191, 1.8,

0, 684, 495, 310, 69, 189, ii, 'CPI', 05-DEC-97

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was data collected

at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Formulas included statistical procedures for computing means, variances, and covariances of

signals sampled. Coordinate rotations were simple geometric transformations.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

Page 13
9.2.1 Processing Steps

Means, variances, and covariances were computed in the field using fluctuations of the quantities

computed as the difference between the actual measurement and a recursive mean value updated at each

time step. The time constant used for the recursive filter was 200 seconds. Every 1 or 2 days, the

memory of the acquisition computer was dumped in order to produce covariances corresponding to

coordinates where the x axis is aligned with the mean wind speed (u=U; v=0), and the z axis is such

that the mean vertical wind speed, w, is zero.

BORIS staff processed these data by:

• Reviewing the initial data files and loading them online for BOREAS team access.

• Designing relational data base tables to inventory and store the data.

• Loading the data into the relational data base tables.

• Working with the team to document the data set.

• Extracting the data into logical files.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

Further processing included corrections to covariances necessary to obtain fluxes:

• Compensation for the spatial separation of sensors and limited frequency response of sensors.

• Webb correction for the effect of temperature-induced density fluctuations for the latent heat

flux.

• Schotanus correction associated with the use of the sonic temperature: the sensible heat flux

can be estimated from w'T's provided corrections involving the latent heat and momentum

fluxes are applied.

• Contamination of the latent heat flux by the sensible heat flux when using the Krypton

hygrometer.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

The Bowen ratio is the ratio of the sensible heat flux to the latent heat flux.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

The main source of trouble comes from the Campbell hygrometer, which does not work correctly

when the windows are wet.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Intercomparison of the flux computation algorithms were conducted. The physical constants used

in the derivation of the fluxes are widely accepted ones. The algorithms used to calculate fluxes at this

site produced exactly the same results as the algorithm agreed upon for the intercomparison analysis. A

roving net radiometer was used at all BOREAS TF sites in order to evaluate the intercomparability of

net radiation measurements conducted at the tower sites.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

Page 14
10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined to check for spikes, values that are four standard deviations from the mean,

long periods of constant values, and missing data.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

The data set does not contain any trace gas exchange measurements. The measurement period

covers only mid to late summer.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

12. Application of the Data Set

These data are useful for the study of water and energy exchange in a regenerating aspen stand.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

None.

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

Page 15
15. Data Access

The TF-06 SSA-YA surface energy flux and meteorological data are available from the Earth

Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 16
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ransom D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

agl

ASCII

AWS

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

CNRM

DAAC

EOS

19. List of Acronyms

- above ground level

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- Automated Weather Station

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Centre National de Recherches M6t6orologiques

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

Page 17
EOSDIS

GIS

GMEI

GMT

GSFC

HTML

IFC

NAD83

NASA

NSA

ORNL

PANP

SSA

TF

URL

YA

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Groupe De Meteorologie Experimentale

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- Intensive Field Campaign

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Southern Study Area

- Tower Flux

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Young Aspen

et Instrumentale

Administration

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Dates

Written: 04-Mar- 1998

Revised: 08-Jun- 1999

20.2 Document Review Dates

BORIS Review: 09-Mar- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

The observations were collected by P. Bessemoulin, D. Puech, G. Bouhours, G. Lachaud, E.

Gizard, and J. Marcel.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Bessemoulin, P., "Study of the Boreal Forest Effects on Surface/Atmosphere Fluxes (TF-06)." In

Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D. Landis, S.

Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R.

Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 18
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

October 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-6 SSA-YA Surface Energy Flux and Meteorological Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

Pierre Bessemoulin and Dominique Puech

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 201

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

P. Bessemoulin and D. Puech: Meteo-France, CNRM/Groupe De Meteorologie Experimentale et Instrumentale,

Toulouse; K. Huemmrich: University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-6 team collected surface energy flux and meteorology data at the SSA-YA site. The

data characterize the energy flux and meteorological conditions at the site from 18-Jul to 20-Sep-1994.

The data set does not contain any trace gas exchange measurements. The data are available in tabular

ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux, meteorological data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

18

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

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