NISTIR 7267 

Low Temperature Calorimetry Studies of Hydrating 

Portland Cement Pastes

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Saturated Sealed

Sealed/saturated Sealed/resat

Capillary

pores 

Open gel

pores 

Dense gel 

pores

Dale P. Bentz 
NISTIR 7267 

Low Temperature Calorimetry Studies of Hydrating 

Portland Cement Pastes

Dale P. Bentz 

Materials and Construction Research Division 

Building and Fire Research Laboratory 

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8615 

October 2005 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary 

TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION 

Michele O’Neill, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology 

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 

William Jeffrey, Director 

ii
Abstract 

 This report presents nearly 200 low temperature calorimetry (LTC) scans performed on 

hydrating portland cement pastes between 2002 and 2005. Because the LTC scans provide 

valuable information on the percolation of various size pore networks within the hydrating 

cement pastes as well as the quantity of freezable water as a function of temperature, it was 

decided to present a compilation of the plots of all of the LTC results obtained over the course of 

several research projects. Variables include water-cement mass ratio (w/c), curing time, curing 

temperature, saturation, and limestone and alkali additions. Each plot is characterized by the 

portland cement used, the mixing solution used, the w/c, the curing temperature, the measured 

degree of hydration (when available), the curing conditions with respect to saturation, the 

specimen age when tested, the specimen mass, the filename of the raw LTC data, and the testing 

date of the LTC run. The experimental procedures used to prepare and evaluate the samples are 

briefly presented, along with a set of observations obtained from interpretation of the numerous 

individual data sets. 

Keywords: Building technology; curing; freezing; hydration; low temperature calorimetry; 

percolation. 

iii
iv
Table of Contents 

Abstract..........................................................................................................................................iii 

List of Figures................................................................................................................................ vi

List of Tables................................................................................................xvii 

Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 

Experimental Procedure.................................................................................................................. 2 

Processed Data (Graphs)................................................................................................................. 5 

Control Materials........................................................................................................................ 5 

CCRL Cement 152...................................................................................................................... 6 

CCRL Cement 140.................................................................................................................... 83 

Observations ............................................................................................................................... 104 

Conclusions and Future Research............................................................................................... 105 

References................................................................................................................................... 106 

v
List of Figures 

Figure 1 Typical LTC scans for a hydrating portland cement paste. ............................................................1 

Figure 2 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140 (dry) powder. ............................................................................5 

Figure 3 LTC scan for Gaithersburg tap water at two different scan rates. ..................................................5 

Figure 4 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC...6 

Figure 5 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ......6 

Figure 6 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC...7 

Figure 7 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ......7 

Figure 8 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 1 d under sealed conditions, then 

resaturated for 1 d.................................................................................................................................8 

Figure 9 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC...8 

Figure 10 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ....9 

Figure 11 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 2 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.........................................................................................................................9 

Figure 12 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 3 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................10 

Figure 13 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 7 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................10 

Figure 14 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..11 

Figure 15 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................11 

Figure 16 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 15 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................12 

Figure 17 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 15 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 12 

Figure 18 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 15 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................13 

Figure 19 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 21 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................13 

Figure 20 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 21 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 14 

Figure 21 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 21 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................14 

Figure 22 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 36 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................15 

Figure 23 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 37 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 15 

vi
Figure 24 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 o

C for 37 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................16 

Figure 25 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 56 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................16 

Figure 26 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 56 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 17 

Figure 27 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 56 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................17 

Figure 28 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 91 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................18 

Figure 29 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 91 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 18 

Figure 30 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 91 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................19 

Figure 31 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................20 

Figure 32 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..20 

Figure 33 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................21 

Figure 34 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..21 

Figure 35 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC 

(replicate mixture)..............................................................................................................................22

Figure 36 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC 

(replicate mixture)..............................................................................................................................22

Figure 37 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................23 

Figure 38 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..23 

Figure 39 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 2 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................24 

Figure 40 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 4 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................25 

Figure 41 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 4 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..25 

Figure 42 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 3 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................26 

Figure 43 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 4 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................26 

vii
Figure 44 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 5 d under saturated conditions at 20 o

C.

............................................................................................................................................................27 

Figure 45 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 5 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..27 

Figure 46 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................28 

Figure 47 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..28 

Figure 48 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 5 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d.......................................................................................................................29 

Figure 49 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d.......................................................................................................................29 

Figure 50 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

frozen during an LTC scan (Figure 17), then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................30 

Figure 51 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 9 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................31 

Figure 52 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 9 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. ..31 

Figure 53 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................32 

Figure 54 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 32 

Figure 55 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................33 

Figure 56 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 4 d.......................................................................................................................33 

Figure 57 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 18 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................34 

Figure 58 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 18 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 34 

Figure 59 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 17 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................35 

Figure 60 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 7 d.......................................................................................................................35 

Figure 61 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 15 d.....................................................................................................................36 

Figure 62 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 30 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................37 

Figure 63 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 30 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 37 

viii
Figure 64 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 o

C for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d.......................................................................................................................38 

Figure 65 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 5 d.......................................................................................................................38 

Figure 66 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 12 d.....................................................................................................................39 

Figure 67 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 19 d.....................................................................................................................39 

Figure 68 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 50 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................40 

Figure 69 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 50 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 40 

Figure 70 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 50 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................41 

Figure 71 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 50 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d.......................................................................................................................41 

Figure 72 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 50 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 13 d.....................................................................................................................42 

Figure 73 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 88 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 3 d.......................................................................................................................42 

Figure 74 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 90 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................43 

Figure 75 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 90 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 43 

Figure 76 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 182 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions. ..........................................................................................................................................44 

Figure 77 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 182 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions.

............................................................................................................................................................44 

Figure 78 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 175 d...................................................................................................................45 

Figure 79 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 182 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................45 

Figure 80 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 204 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions.

............................................................................................................................................................46 

Figure 81 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................46 

ix
Figure 82 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 o

C for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 4 d.......................................................................................................................47 

Figure 83 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 21 d.....................................................................................................................47 

Figure 84 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 35 d.....................................................................................................................48 

Figure 85 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 228 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions. ..........................................................................................................................................49 

Figure 86 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 221 d...................................................................................................................49 

Figure 87 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions. ..........................................................................................................................................50 

Figure 88 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions.

............................................................................................................................................................50 

Figure 89 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 7 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 207 d...................................................................................................................51 

Figure 90 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 4 d.......................................................................................................................51 

Figure 91 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 41 d.....................................................................................................................52 

Figure 92 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 204 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 34 d.....................................................................................................................52 

Figure 93 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 256 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions.

............................................................................................................................................................53 

Figure 94 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 276 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions. ..........................................................................................................................................53 

Figure 95 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

91 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions............................................................................................54 

Figure 96 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

91 d at 20 o

C under sealed conditions. ...............................................................................................54 

Figure 97 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured under 

sealed conditions for 91 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 1 d..............................................................55 

Figure 98 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured under 

sealed conditions for 91 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 92 d...........................................................55 

x
Figure 99 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

183 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions..........................................................................................56 

Figure 100 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

183 d at 20 o

C under sealed conditions. .............................................................................................56 

Figure 101 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured 

under sealed conditions for 183 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 1 d..................................................57 

Figure 102 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.435, cured for 

213 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions..........................................................................................57 

Figure 103 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.435, cured for 

219 d at 20 o

C under sealed conditions. .............................................................................................58 

Figure 104 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.435, cured 

under sealed conditions for 218 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 1 d..................................................58 

Figure 105 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 8 h under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................59 

Figure 106 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................59 

Figure 107 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 60 

Figure 108 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................60 

Figure 109 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 61 

Figure 110 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................61 

Figure 111 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................62 

Figure 112 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 62 

Figure 113 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................63 

Figure 114 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................63 

Figure 115 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25 cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................64 

Figure 116 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................64 

xi
Figure 117 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 14 d at 40 o

C under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................65 

Figure 118 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25 cured for 28 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................65 

Figure 119 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................66 

Figure 120 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 28 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................66 

Figure 121 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................67 

Figure 122 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 67 

Figure 123 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................68 

Figure 124 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d.......................................................................................................................68 

Figure 125 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................69 

Figure 126 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 69 

Figure 127 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................70 

Figure 128 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 70 

Figure 129 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 5 d.......................................................................................................................71 

Figure 130 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 6 d.......................................................................................................................71 

Figure 131 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35 cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................72 

Figure 132 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................72 

Figure 133 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35 cured for 28 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................73 

Figure 134 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................73 

xii
Figure 135 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 o

C, 

then resaturated for 15 d.....................................................................................................................74 

Figure 136 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................74 

Figure 137 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35 cured for 58 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................75 

Figure 138 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 58 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................75 

Figure 139 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 57 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................76 

Figure 140 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 57 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 6 d.......................................................................................................................76 

Figure 141 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................77 

Figure 142 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 77 

Figure 143 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 8 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................78 

Figure 144 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 8 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 78 

Figure 145 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 5 d.......................................................................................................................79 

Figure 146 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45 cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................80 

Figure 147 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC.

............................................................................................................................................................80 

Figure 148 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 11 d.....................................................................................................................81 

Figure 149 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 8 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 6 d.......................................................................................................................81 

Figure 150 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 29 d at 40 oC under saturated 

conditions. ..........................................................................................................................................82 

Figure 151 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 29 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions.

............................................................................................................................................................82 

Figure 152 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 1 d.......................................................................................................................83 

xiii
Figure 153 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 2 d at 

20 o

C under saturated conditions........................................................................................................83 

Figure 154 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 2 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. .............................................................................84 

Figure 155 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 2 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. .............................................................................84 

Figure 156 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiOH solution and cured for 2 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................85 

Figure 157 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiNO3 solution and cured for 2 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................85 

Figure 158 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiOH solution and cured for 4 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................86 

Figure 159 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiNO3 solution and cured for 4 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................86 

Figure 160 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiOH solution and cured for 7 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................87 

Figure 161 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiNO3 solution and cured for 7 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................87 

Figure 162 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 8 d at 

20 o

C under saturated conditions........................................................................................................88 

Figure 163 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 8 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. .............................................................................88 

Figure 164 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 8 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. .............................................................................89 

Figure 165 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 8 

d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.................................................................................................89 

Figure 166 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

8 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions..............................................................................................90 

Figure 167 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 14 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................90 

Figure 168 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................91 

Figure 169 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................91 

xiv
Figure 170 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions............................................................................................92 

Figure 171 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions............................................................................................92 

Figure 172 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 30 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................93 

Figure 173 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................93 

Figure 174 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................94 

Figure 175 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions............................................................................................94 

Figure 176 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions............................................................................................95 

Figure 177 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 63 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................95 

Figure 178 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................96 

Figure 179 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................96 

Figure 180 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions............................................................................................97 

Figure 181 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions............................................................................................97 

Figure 182 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 90 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................98 

Figure 183 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 91 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions....................................................................................................98 

Figure 184 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................99 

Figure 185 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 91 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. ...........................................................................99 

Figure 186 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. .........................................................................100 

xv
Figure 187 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions..........................................................................................100 

Figure 188 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions..........................................................................................101 

Figure 189 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 101 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions..................................................................................................101 

Figure 190 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 105 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions..................................................................................................102 

Figure 191 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 101 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. .......................................................................102 

Figure 192 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 110 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. .......................................................................103 

Figure 193 Four particle model for hydrating cement paste microstructure, indicating hydration under 

saturated and sealed curing conditions. Dark grey is unhydrated cement grains, textured material 

and light grey are hydration products, white is water-filled porosity, and black is empty porosity, 

from reference [2].............................................................................................................................105

xvi
List of Tables

Table 1: Mixture proportions of the CCRL proficiency cement sample 140 paste mixtures 

prepared with various alkali additions. ................................................................................... 2 

Table 2: Plots corresponding to different sets of cement paste mixtures. ...................................... 4 

xvii
xviii
Introduction 

Low temperature calorimetry (LTC) can be conveniently used to examine the percolation of 

various size pore networks in hydrating cement pastes [1]. During a freezing scan, as the 

temperature is lowered, water will freeze in progressively smaller pores. For hydrating cement 

pastes, as shown on the cover of this report and duplicated in Figure 1 below, up to three peaks 

may be observed in a typical freezing scan, corresponding to percolated networks of capillary 

pores, open gel pores, and dense gel pores, respectively, adopting the naming convention 

introduced in [1]. This experimental technique has been utilized extensively in several recent 

studies to provide valuable information on the influence of curing conditions and alkali additions 

on the depercolation (and sometimes the repercolation) of the capillary porosity in hydrating 

portland cement pastes [2-5]. During the course of these studies, nearly 200 individual LTC 

scans were conducted on a wide variety of hydrated cement paste specimens. Because most of 

these data could not be included in references [2-5], in this report, all of the plots generated for 

these scans are presented individually. It is envisioned that this graphical database will be of use 

for comparison purposes to other researchers utilizing this technique on cement-based materials 

and may suggest further avenues of research employing LTC. 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Saturated Sealed

Sealed/saturated Sealed/resat

Dense gel 

pores

Open gel

pores Capillary 

pores 

Figure 1 Typical LTC scans for a hydrating portland cement paste.

1
Experimental Procedure 

Cement pastes were prepared by mixing Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory 

(CCRL) proficiency cement samples (either CCRL cement 140 or CCRL cement 152) with 

either distilled water or a solution of alkali compounds dissolved in distilled water, using a 

temperature-controlled high speed blender at either 20 oC or 40 oC. Details on the particle size 

distributions and phase compositions of the two cements can be found in an online database 

available at http://ciks.cbt.nist.gov/bentz/phpct/database/images. CCRL cement 152 was used 

for the studies where curing conditions (temperature and saturation) and water-cement mass ratio 

(w/c=0.35 or w/c=0.45) were the major variables [2,5], while CCRL cement 140 was used in a 

study (w/c=0.40) where the alkali type and content of the cement paste were varied [3, 4]. The 

alkali solutions were prepared by adding the appropriate compounds (see Table 1) to distilled 

water and stirring with a glass rod until complete dissolution. Cement 140 is a low-alkali 

cement, containing only 0.093 % Na2O and 0.186 % K2O per unit mass of cement. The 

additional alkalis prepared for each mixture are listed in Table 1; their masses were selected to 

provide the same number of moles of additional cations (K+, Na+, and Li+) in each mixture. 

After mixing, cast cylindrical wafers (≈5 g) of the pastes were placed in sealed plastic vials. A 

small quantity of water was added to the tops of some of the wafers to maintain saturated curing 

conditions. The capped vials were placed either in a walk-in environmental chamber maintained 

at 20 o

C or in a water bath maintained at 40 oC. 

Table 1: Mixture proportions of the CCRL proficiency cement sample 140 paste mixtures prepared 

with various alkali additions. 

Material Mixture 1 Mixture 2 Mixture 3 Mixture 4 Mixture 5

Cement 300 g 300 g 300 g 300 g 300 g 

Water 120 g 120 g 120 g 120 g 120 g 

K2SO4 2.79 g 

Na2SO4 2.28 g 

KOH* 2.02 g 

NaOH 1.30 g 

LiOH 2.7 g 

LiNO3 4.42 g *

89 % purity as supplied by chemical company. 

For the CCRL cement 152 specimens with w/c=0.45 cured at 20 o

C, the vials were opened 

after 4 h of curing and any accumulated bleed water was removed using a small pipette. This 

resulted in a nominal achieved w/c=0.435 for these pastes. Three curing conditions were 

employed for the CCRL cement 152 studies. In saturated curing, a small amount of distilled 

water was placed on top of the paste wafers (after removing the bleed water). (All of the CCRL 

cement 140 paste specimens were also cured under saturated conditions). In sealed curing, the 

wafers were simply sealed in their plastic vials after removal of the bleed water. In 

sealed/saturated curing, the wafers were cured under sealed conditions for 7 d, then the plastic 

vials were opened and a small amount of distilled water was added on top of the wafers. At 

various ages, specimens of the pastes were removed from the vials for further analysis. For some 

of the LTC studies to be detailed below, many of the specimens cured under sealed conditions 

2
were crushed to smaller pieces and resaturated for a few days in an attempt to refill any pores 

that had been emptied during self-desiccation. 

 For many of the specimens, degree of hydration was estimated based on measurement of 

their non-evaporable water content. The non-evaporable water content wn of a sample was 

determined as the mass loss between 105 oC and 1000 oC divided by the mass of the ignited 

sample, corrected for the loss-on-ignition (LOI) of the unhydrated cement powder, determined in 

a separate LOI measurement. Previously, the expanded uncertainty in the calculated wn has been 

estimated to be 0.001 g/g cement, assuming a coverage factor of 2 [6]. The values of wn were 

converted to estimated degrees of hydration based on the phase compositions of the cements and 

published coefficients for the non-evaporable water contents of the various cement clinker 

phases [7]. Based on a propagation of error analysis, the estimated uncertainty in the calculated 

degree of hydration is 0.004. 

Small pieces of the hydrated cement pastes were used in the LTC experiments. Sample 

mass was typically between 30 mg and 90 mg. For each LTC experiment, one small piece of the 

relevant cement paste was surface dried and placed in a small open stainless steel pan. The pan 

with the sample, along with an empty reference pan of similar mass to the empty sample pan, 

was placed in the calorimeter cell. Using a protocol developed previously [1], a freezing scan 

was conducted between 5 o

C and -55 oC at a scan rate of -0.5 oC/min. For temperatures between 

-100 o

C and 500 oC, the equipment manufacturer has specified a constant calorimetric sensitivity 

of ± 2.5 % and a root-mean-square baseline noise of 1.5 μW. The peaks observed in a plot of 

heat flow (normalized to the mass of the sample) versus temperature correspond to water 

freezing in pores with various size entryways (pore necks). The smaller the pore entryway, the 

more the freezing peak is depressed. Thus, the presence of, absence of, or change in peaks can 

be used to infer information concerning the characteristic sizes of the “percolated” (connected) 

water-filled pores in the microstructure of the hydrating cement pastes. 

 One advantage of LTC over mercury intrusion porosimetry, and other techniques for 

assessing pore size and connectivity, is that specimens are evaluated without any external drying 

that might damage their pore structure. Of course, the LTC technique can only assess the size 

and connectivity of water-filled pores. For non-saturated curing conditions, it is assumed that 

the “empty” pores formed due to self-desiccation will not contain any freezable water and thus 

will not show up on the LTC scans. A further complication for LTC studies with variable alkali 

contents is the change in freezing point depression due to the variable ionic concentration of the 

(freezing) pore solution. For the experiments presented here, the initial dosages of added alkalis 

in the cement paste mixtures would be expected to depress the freezing point of bulk water 

between about 1 oC and 2 oC [8]. 

 Table 2 on the following page is provided to give some guidance as to the mixtures and 

curing conditions corresponding to the various sets of graphs. 

3
Table 2: Plots corresponding to different sets of cement paste mixtures. 

Cement w/c or w/s Curing 

Temperature (oC)

Starting Figure Ending Figure 

152 0.25 20 4 30 

152 0.35 20 31 86 

152 0.435 20 87 94 

152 + 20 % limestone 0.35 20 95 104 

152 0.25 40 105 120 

152 0.35 40 121 140 

152 0.45 40 141 152 

140 0.40 20 153 192 

4
Processed Data (Graphs) 

Control Materials 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: N/A 

Solution: None Age when tested: N/A 

w/c: N/A Sample mass: 45.1 mg 

Temperature: N/A Filename: c140powder 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: April 18, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 2 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140 (dry) powder. 

Cement: N/A Curing: N/A 

Solution: Tap water Age when tested: N/A 

w/c: N/A Sample mass: 25.2 mg 

Temperature: N/A Filename: tapwatersmall 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: April 28, 2005 

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5

Temperature (o

C)

Heat Flow (W/g)

(-0.5 C/min)

(-0.2 C/min)

Figure 3 LTC scan for Gaithersburg tap water at two different scan rates. 

5
CCRL Cement 152 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 75.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csat1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.284 Date tested: May 17, 2005 

0.00

0.06

0.12

0.18

0.24

0.30

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 4 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 57.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Cseal1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.285 Date tested: May 17, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 5 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

6
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 65.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csat2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.403 Date tested: May 18, 2005 

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 6 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 43.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Cseal2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.381 Date tested: May 18, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 7 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

7
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 1 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 78.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat1t2d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: May 18, 2005 

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 8 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 1 d under sealed conditions, then 

resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 58.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csat3d 

Degree of hydration: 0.456 Date tested: May 19, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 9 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

8
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 40.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Cseal3d 

Degree of hydration: 0.412 Date tested: May 19, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 10 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 2 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 68.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat2t3d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: May 19, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 11 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 2 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

9
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 3 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 4 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 59.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat3t4d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: May 20, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 12 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 3 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 25.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csat7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.615 Date tested: May 23, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 13 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 7 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

10
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 45.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Cseal7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.458 Date tested: May 23, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 14 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 7 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 59.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat7t8d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: May 24, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 15 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

11
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 15 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 59.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csat15d2 

Degree of hydration: 0.669 Date tested: May 31, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 16 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 15 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 15 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 45.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Cseal15d 

Degree of hydration: 0.488 Date tested: May 31, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 17 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 15 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

12
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 15 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 16 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 59.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat15t16d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 1, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 18 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 15 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 21 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 63.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csat21d 

Degree of hydration: 0.679 Date tested: June 6, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 19 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 21 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

13
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 21 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 65.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Cseal21d 

Degree of hydration: 0.474 Date tested: June 6, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 20 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 21 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 21 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 22 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 71.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat21t22d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 7, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 21 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 21 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

14
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 36 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 72.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csat36d 

Degree of hydration: 0.702 Date tested: June 21, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 22 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 36 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 37 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 59.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Cseal37d 

Degree of hydration: 0.500 Date tested: June 22, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 23 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 37 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

15
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 37 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 38 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 92.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat37t38d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 23, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 24 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 37 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 56 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 84.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csat56d 

Degree of hydration: 0.708 Date tested: July 11, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 25 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 56 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC.

16
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 56 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 79.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Cseal56d 

Degree of hydration: 0.500 Date tested: July 11, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 26 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 56 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 56 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 57 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 69.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat56t57d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 12, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 27 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 56 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

17
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 64.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csat91d 

Degree of hydration: 0.703 Date tested: August 15, 2005 

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 28 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 91 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 60.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w025T20Cseal91d 

Degree of hydration: 0.500 Date tested: August 15, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 29 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 91 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

18
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 91 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 92 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 84.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w025T20Csealresat91t92d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: August 16, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 30 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured at 20 oC for 91 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.

19
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 52.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.316 Date tested: Nov. 2, 2004 

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 31 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 38.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.328 Date tested: Nov. 2, 2004 

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 32 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

20
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 53.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.430 Date tested: Nov. 3, 2004 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 33 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 61.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.439 Date tested: Nov. 3, 2004 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 34 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

21
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 53.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat2d1221 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 22, 2004 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 35 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC 

(replicate mixture). 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 64.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal2d1221 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 22, 2004 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 36 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC 

(replicate mixture).

22
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 51.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat3d 

Degree of hydration: 0.502 Date tested: Nov. 4, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 37 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 56.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal3d 

Degree of hydration: 0.502 Date tested: Nov. 4, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 38 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

23
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 2 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 51.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresat2d1222 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 23, 2004 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 39 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 2 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.

24
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 4 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 35.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat4d 

Degree of hydration: 0.568 Date tested: Nov. 5, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 40 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 4 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 4 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 58.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal4d 

Degree of hydration: 0.554 Date tested: Nov. 5, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 41 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 4 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

25
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 3 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 4 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 74.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresat3d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 5, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 42 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 3 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 4 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 5 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 58.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresat4d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 6, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 43 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 4 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.

26
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 5 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 49.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat5d 

Degree of hydration: 0.597 Date tested: Nov. 6, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 44 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 5 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 5 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 74.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal5d 

Degree of hydration: 0.569 Date tested: Nov. 6, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 45 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 5 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

27
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 45.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.656 Date tested: Nov. 8, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 46 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 43.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.619 Date tested: Nov. 8, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 47 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

28
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 5 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 60.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresat5d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 8, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 48 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 5 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 7 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 9 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 42.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresat7d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 10, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 49 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d.

29
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 7 d/frozen/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 8+ d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 44.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresatfr7d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 9, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 50 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

frozen during an LTC scan (Figure 17), then resaturated for 1 d.

30
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 9 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 61.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat9d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 10, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 51 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 9 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 9 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 50.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal9d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 10, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 52 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 9 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

31
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 49.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.715 Date tested: Nov. 15, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 53 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 46.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.658 Date tested: Nov. 15, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 54 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

32
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 14 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 15 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 59.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresat14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 16, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 55 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 14 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 18 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 35.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresatb14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 19, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 56 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 4 d. 

33
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 18 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 80.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat18d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 7, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 57 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 18 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 18 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 47.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal18d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 7, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 58 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 18 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC. 

34
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 17 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 18 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 69.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresat18d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 7, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 59 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 17 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 14 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 21 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 43.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresatc14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 22, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 60 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 7 d.

35
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 14 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 29 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 66.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresatd14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 30, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 61 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 14 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 15 d. 

36
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 30 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 64.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat30d 

Degree of hydration: 0.759 Date tested: Dec. 1, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 62 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 30 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 30 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 43.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal30d 

Degree of hydration: 0.674 Date tested: Dec. 1, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 63 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 30 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

37
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 30 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 32 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 59.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresat30d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 3, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 64 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 30 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 35 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 91.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresatb30d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 6, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 65 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 5 d. 

38
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 30 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 42 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 34.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresatd30d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 13, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 66 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 12 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 30 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 49 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 74.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresate30d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 20, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 67 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 30 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 19 d. 

39
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 50 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 72.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat50d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 21, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 68 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 50 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 50 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 75.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35seal50d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 21, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 69 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 50 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

40
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 50 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 51 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 80.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresat50d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 22, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 70 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 50 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 50 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 52 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 50.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresatb50d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 23, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 71 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 50 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d. 

41
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 50 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 63 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 40.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sealresatc50d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 3, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 72 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 50 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 13 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 88 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 52.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealresat91d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 31, 2005 

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 73 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 88 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 3 d. 

42
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 68.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152w35sat91d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 31, 2005 

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 74 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 90 d under saturated conditions at 20 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 91.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152w35sealb91d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 31, 2005 

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 75 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 90 d under sealed conditions at 20 oC.

43
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 182 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 70.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152182dsat 

Degree of hydration: 0.844 Date tested: Oct. 25, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 76 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 182 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 182 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 53.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152182dseal 

Degree of hydration: 0.757 Date tested: Oct. 25, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 77 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 182 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions. 

44
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 7 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 182 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 58.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: cem152182dsealsat 

Degree of hydration: 0.836 Date tested: Oct. 25, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 78 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 7 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 175 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 182 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 183 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 54.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: cem152182dsealresat 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Oct. 26, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 79 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 182 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

45
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 204 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 90.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w35seal204d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 16, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 80 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 204 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 203 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 204 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 51.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w35sealresat204d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 16, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 81 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

46
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 203 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 207 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 51.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w35sealresatb204d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 19, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 82 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 4 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 203 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 224 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 66.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w35sealresatc204d 

Degree of hydration: 0.799 Date tested: Dec. 6, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 83 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 21 d. 

47
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 203 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 238 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 75.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w35seal204resat2384d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 20, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 84 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured at 20 oC for 203 d under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 35 d. 

48
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 228 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 52.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w35sat228d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 10, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 85 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 228 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 7 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 228 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 68.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w35sealsat228d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 10, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 86 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 221 d. 

49
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 214 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 48.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w45sat214d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Oct. 29, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 87 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 214 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 55.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w45seal214d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Oct. 29, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 88 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions. 

50
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 7 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 214 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 54.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w45sealsat214d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Oct. 29, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 89 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 7 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 207 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 214 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 218 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 60.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w45sealresat214d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Nov. 2, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 90 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 4 d. 

51
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 214 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 255 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 51.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w45sealresatb214d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 9, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 91 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 214 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 41 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 204 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 238 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 75.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w35seal204resat238d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 20, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 92 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 204 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 34 d. 

52
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 256 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 44.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w435seal256d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 10, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 93 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 256 d at 20 oC under sealed conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 276 d 

w/c: 0.435 Sample mass: 62.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w435sat276d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 29, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 94 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.435, cured for 276 d at 20 oC under saturated 

conditions.

53
Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/s: 0.35 Sample mass: 59.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w35lf20sat91d 

Degree of hydration: 0.855 Date tested: Jan. 24, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 95 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

91 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/s: 0.35 Sample mass: 36.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w35lf20seal91d 

Degree of hydration: 0.763 Date tested: Jan. 24, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 96 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

91 d at 20 o

C under sealed conditions. 

54
Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Sealed 91 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 92 d 

w/s: 0.35 Sample mass: 64.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w35lf20sealresat91d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 25, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 97 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured 

under sealed conditions for 91 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Sealed 91 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 183 d 

w/s: 0.35 Sample mass: 40.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152lf20w35sealresat91t182d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: April 26, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 98 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured 

under sealed conditions for 91 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 92 d. 

55
Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 183 d 

w/s: 0.35 Sample mass: 38.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152lf20w35sat182d 

Degree of hydration: 0.907 Date tested: April 26, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 99 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

183 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 183 d 

w/s: 0.35 Sample mass: 65.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152lf20w35seal182d 

Degree of hydration: 0.828 Date tested: April 26, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 100 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured for 

183 d at 20 o

C under sealed conditions. 

56
Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Sealed 183 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 184 d 

w/s: 0.35 Sample mass: 64.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152lf20w35sealresat182t183d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: April 27, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 101 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.35, cured 

under sealed conditions for 183 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 213 d 

w/s: 0.435 Sample mass: 55.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w45lf20sat213d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 23, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 102 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.435, cured for 

213 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

57
Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 219 d 

w/s: 0.435 Sample mass: 57.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c152w45lfseal219d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 29, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 103 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.435, cured for 

219 d at 20 o

C under sealed conditions. 

Cement: Cement 152 + 20 % limestone Curing: Sealed 218 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 220 d 

w/s: 0.435 Sample mass: 67.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c152w45lfseal219d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 29, 2004 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g) 

Figure 104 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152 with 20 % limestone filler substitution, w/s=0.435, cured 

under sealed conditions for 218 d at 20 o

C, then resaturated for 1 d. 

58
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 8 h 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 96.4 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Csat8h 

Degree of hydration: 0.303 Date tested: June 8, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 105 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 8 h under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 56.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Csat1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.516 Date tested: June 1, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 106 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

59
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 55.5 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Cseal1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.439 Date tested: June 1, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 107 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 56.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Csat2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.596 Date tested: June 2, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 108 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

60
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 32.4 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Cseal2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.451 Date tested: June 2, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 109 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 1 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 50.5 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Csealresat1t2d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 2, 2005 

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 110 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 1 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.

61
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 44.0 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Csat3d 

Degree of hydration: 0.620 Date tested: June 3, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 111 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 40.0 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Cseal3d 

Degree of hydration: 0.467 Date tested: June 3, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 112 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

62
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 2 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 40.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Csealresat2t3d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 3, 2005 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 113 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 2 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 3 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 4 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 35.2 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Csealresat3t4d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 4, 2005 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 114 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 3 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d.

63
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 48.9 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Csat14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 22, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 115 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 40 o

C. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 55.0 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Cseal14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 22, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 116 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

64
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 14 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 15 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 58.7 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Csealresat14t15d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: June 23, 2005 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 117 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 14 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 28 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 61.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Csat28d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 6, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 118 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 28 d under saturated conditions at 40 o

C. 

65
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 28 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 43.4 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w025T40Cseal28d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 6, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 119 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 28 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 29 d 

w/c: 0.25 Sample mass: 59.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w025T40Csealresat28t29d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 7, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat Flow (W/g)

Figure 120 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.25, cured for 28 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

66
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 70.0 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40sat1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.516 Date tested: Jan. 12, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 121 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 1 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 43.5 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w35T40seal1d 

Degree of hydration: 0.504 Date tested: Jan. 12, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 122 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

67
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 1 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 38.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40sealresat1d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 13, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 123 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 1 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 85.7 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w35T40sealresatb1d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 14, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 124 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 1 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions, 

then resaturated for 2 d. 

68
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 52.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40sat2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.655 Date tested: Jan. 13, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 125 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC.

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 77.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w35T40seal2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.589 Date tested: Jan. 13, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 126 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

69
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 77.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40sat7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.738 Date tested: Jan. 18, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 127 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 50.9 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w35T40seal7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.642 Date tested: Jan. 18, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 128 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

70
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 2 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 76.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40sealresat2t7d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 18, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 129 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 2 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 5 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 7 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 13 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 52.7 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w35T40sealresat7t13d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Jan. 24, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 130 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 7 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 6 d. 

71
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 60.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40sat14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.761 Date tested: Jan. 25, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 131 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 40 o

C. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 62.7 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w35T40seal14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.645 Date tested: Jan. 25, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 132 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

72
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 28 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 97.0 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40sat28d 

Degree of hydration: 0.824 Date tested: Feb. 8, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 133 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 28 d under saturated conditions at 40 o

C. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 28 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 80.2 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w035a40Cseal28d 

Degree of hydration: 0.681 Date tested: Feb. 8, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 134 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

73
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 14 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 29 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 51.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w35T40seal14resat29d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 9, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 135 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 15 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 28 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 29 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 61.5 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w35T40Csealresat28d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 9, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 136 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

74
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 58 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 57.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w035T40Csat58d 

Degree of hydration: 0.794 Date tested: March 10, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 137 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 58 d under saturated conditions at 40 o

C. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 58 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 51.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w035T40Cseal58d 

Degree of hydration: 0.743 Date tested: March 10, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 138 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 58 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

75
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 57 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 58 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 62.1 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w035T40Csealresat58d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 10, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 139 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 57 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 57 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 63 d 

w/c: 0.35 Sample mass: 71.5 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w035T40Cresat58t63d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 15, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 140 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.35, cured for 57 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 6 d.

76
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 55.2 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w45T40Csat3d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 17, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 141 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 3 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 55.2 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w45T40Cseal3d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 17, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 142 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

77
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 69.1 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w45T40Csat8d 

Degree of hydration: 0.822 Date tested: Feb. 22, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 143 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 8 d under saturated conditions at 40 oC. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 51.4 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w45T40Cseal8d 

Degree of hydration: 0.786 Date tested: Feb. 22, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 144 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 8 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

78
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 3 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 45.2 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w45T40sealresat3t8d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 22, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 145 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 5 d. 

79
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 58.3 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w45T40Csat14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.883 Date tested: Feb. 28, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 146 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 14 d under saturated conditions at 40 o

C. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 44.7 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w45T40Cseal14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.799 Date tested: Feb. 28, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 147 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 14 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC. 

80
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 3 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 61.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w45T40sealres3t14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 28, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 148 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 3 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 11 d. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 8 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 68.6 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w45T40sealres8t14d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 28, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 149 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 8 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 6 d. 

81
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 29 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 56.8 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w045T40Csat28d 

Degree of hydration: 0.890 Date tested: March 15, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 150 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 29 d at 40 oC under saturated 

conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 29 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 56.7 mg 

Temperature: 40 oC Filename: c152w045T40Cseal28d 

Degree of hydration: 0.826 Date tested: March 15, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 151 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 29 d at 40 oC under sealed conditions. 

82
Cement: CCRL Cement 152 Curing: Sealed 28 d/resaturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 29 d 

w/c: 0.45 Sample mass: 52.2 mg 

Temperature: 40 o

C Filename: c152w045T40Cresat28t29d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 15, 2005 

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g)

Figure 152 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 152, w/c=0.45, cured for 28 d under sealed conditions at 40 oC, 

then resaturated for 1 d. 

CCRL Cement 140 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 64.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w4nalk2d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 30, 2004 

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 153 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 2 d at 

20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

83
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 64.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w4walk2d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 30, 2004 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 154 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 2 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali hydroxide solution Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 62.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w4walkoh2d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Dec. 30, 2004 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 155 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 2 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

84
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 66.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140wlioh2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.499 Date tested: Feb. 3, 2005 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 156 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiOH solution and cured for 2 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 2 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 48.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140wlino3a2d 

Degree of hydration: 0.472 Date tested: Feb. 3, 2005 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 157 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiNO3 solution and cured for 2 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

85
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 4 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 88.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04lioh4d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 5, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 158 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiOH solution and cured for 4 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 4 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 81.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04lino3a4d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: Feb. 5, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 159 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiNO3 solution and cured for 4 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

86
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 97.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04lioh7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.664 Date tested: Feb. 8, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 160 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiOH solution and cured for 7 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 7 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 67.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04lino3a7d 

Degree of hydration: 0.686 Date tested: Feb. 8, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 161 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a LiNO3 solution and cured for 7 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

87
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 62.3 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w4nalk8d 

Degree of hydration: 0.667 Date tested: Jan. 5, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 162 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 8 d at 

20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 42.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w4walk8d 

Degree of hydration: 0.631 Date tested: Jan. 5, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 163 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 8 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

88
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali hydroxide solution Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 61.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w4walkoh8d 

Degree of hydration: 0.661 Date tested: Jan. 5, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 164 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 8 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 64.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04lioh8d 

Degree of hydration: 0.692 Date tested: Feb. 9, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 165 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 8 

d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

89
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 8 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 59.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04lino3a8d 

Degree of hydration: 0.699 Date tested: Feb. 9, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 166 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

8 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 58.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04nalk14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.732 Date tested: Jan. 11, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 167 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 14 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

90
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 48.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04walk14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.655 Date tested: Jan. 11, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 168 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali hydroxide solution Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 43.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04walkoh14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.698 Date tested: Jan. 11, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 169 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

91
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 95.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04lioha14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.736 Date tested: Feb. 15, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 170 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 14 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 53.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04lino3a14d 

Degree of hydration: 0.736 Date tested: Feb. 15, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 171 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

14 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

92
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 30 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 59.1 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04nalk30d 

Degree of hydration: 0.764 Date tested: Jan. 27, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 172 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 30 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 30 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 60.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04walk30d 

Degree of hydration: 0.671 Date tested: Jan. 27, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 173 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

93
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali hydroxide solution Age when tested: 30 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 75.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04walkoh30d 

Degree of hydration: 0.738 Date tested: Jan. 27, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 174 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 30 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 57.9 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04lioh30d 

Degree of hydration: 0.761 Date tested: March 3, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 175 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

94
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 30 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 65.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04lino3a30d 

Degree of hydration: 0.764 Date tested: March 3, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 176 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

30 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 63 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 66.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: C140w4nalksat63d 

Degree of hydration: 0.82 Date tested: March 1, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 177 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 63 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

95
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 63 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 47.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: C140w4walksat63d 

Degree of hydration: 0.737 Date tested: March 1, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 178 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali hydroxide solution Age when tested: 63 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 48.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: C140w4walkohsat63d 

Degree of hydration: 0.815 Date tested: March 1, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 179 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

96
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 63 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 53.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04lioh63d 

Degree of hydration: 0.812 Date tested: April 5, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 180 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 63 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 56.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04lino3a63d 

Degree of hydration: 0.804 Date tested: April 5, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 181 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

63 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

97
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 90 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 54.7 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04nalk90d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 28, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 182 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 90 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 91 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 56.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04nalk91d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 29, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 183 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 91 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

98
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 90 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 65.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04walk90d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 28, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 184 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 91 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 74.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04walk91d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 29, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 185 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 91 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

99
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali hydroxide solution Age when tested: 90 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 59.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04walkoh90d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: March 28, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 186 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali hydroxides and 

cured for 90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiOH solution Age when tested: 90 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 41.0 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140w04lioh90d 

Degree of hydration: 0.831 Date tested: May 2, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 187 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiOH and cured for 

90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

100
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: LiNO3 solution Age when tested: 90 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 54.5 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140w04lino3a90d 

Degree of hydration: 0.834 Date tested: May 2, 2005 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 188 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of LiNO3 and cured for 

90 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions. 

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 101 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 56.4 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140p101d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 18, 2002 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 189 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 101 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

101
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Distilled water Age when tested: 105 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 49.8 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140p105d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 22, 2002 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 190 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with distilled water and cured for 105 d 

at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 101 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 64.2 mg 

Temperature: 20 oC Filename: c140walk101d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 18, 2002 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 191 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 101 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

102
Cement: CCRL Cement 140 Curing: Saturated 

Solution: Alkali sulfate solution Age when tested: 110 d 

w/c: 0.40 Sample mass: 60.6 mg 

Temperature: 20 o

C Filename: c140walk110d 

Degree of hydration: N/A Date tested: July 29, 2002 

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10

Temperature (oC)

Heat flow (W/g) 

Figure 192 LTC scan for CCRL Cement 140, w/c=0.40, prepared with a solution of alkali sulfates and 

cured for 110 d at 20 o

C under saturated conditions.

103
Observations 

1) For low w/c, sealed curing first depercolates capillary pores, but then later repercolates 

them due to self-desiccation stresses, internal shrinkage, and possibly microcrack 

formation [2]. The sealed/resaturated scans for cement 152, w/c = 0.35 in Figures 39, 42, 

43, 48, 49, 55, 59, 64, 71, 73, 79, and 81 illustrate this process for curing at 20 oC. For 

the small cement paste specimens employed in these studies, continuing resaturation of 

the specimens cured first under sealed conditions did result in a second depercolation of 

the repercolated capillary (size) pores; this is illustrated in Figures 67, 72, and 83. In 

Figures 83 and 84, however, the repercolated open gel (size) pores did not exhibit a 

second depercolation upon extended resaturation from 204 d to 224 d or 238 d. For 

curing at 40 oC, equivalent depercolation/repercolation behavior is indicated in Figures 

124, 130, 135, 136, and 140. For cement pastes with a 20 % by mass fraction limestone 

substitution, equivalent repercolation behavior was observed (Figures 97 and 101), but 

without any evidence of a subsequent second depercolation of the capillary pores (Figure 

98), perhaps due to the higher effective w/c in the specimens with the limestone 

substitution. 

2) For extremely low w/c = 0.25 at 20 oC, this repercolation was observed both for 

specimens cured under sealed conditions and then resaturated (Figures 8, 11, 15, 18, 21, 

24, 27, and 30) and for specimens cured under nominally “saturated” (water ponded on 

top) conditions (Figures 4, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28). Most likely, for this 

extremely low w/c, it was not possible to maintain saturated conditions using the 

techniques employed in this study. Similar repercolation observations apply for the 40 oC 

curing for the w/c = 0.25 cement pastes, as indicated in Figures 117, 118, and 120. 

 

3) For saturated curing, more time (and hydration) is required to depercolate the pores in a 

w/c = 0.35 cement 152 paste when cured at 40 o

C, as opposed to at 20 oC, in spite of the 

fact that the higher temperature curing significantly accelerates the cement hydration 

reactions. This suggests the formation of a coarser capillary pore structure when curing 

at higher temperatures in agreement with conventional wisdom [9]. For 20 o

C curing 

under saturated conditions, depercolation of the capillary size pores occurred between 3 d 

(Figure 37) and 4 d (Figure 40) of curing. Conversely, for 40 o

C saturated curing, this 

same depercolation occurred between 7 d (Figure 127) and 14 d (Figure 131). 

4) For intermediate w/c (e.g., 0.40 to 0.45), it appears that some length of sealed curing 

followed by resaturation may be superior to saturated curing from the time of initial 

casting, in terms of providing an earlier depercolation of the capillary pores. Evidence 

for this can be found in Figures 146, 148, and 149 for the cement 152 w/c=0.45 cement 

pastes cured at 40 oC for 14 d and in Figures 87, 89, and 90 for the cement 152 w/c=0.435 

cement pastes cured at 20 o

C. This effect could be due to the fact that under the initial 

sealed curing conditions, cement hydration will be localized in the pore entryways and 

smaller pores and will not be occurring in the larger pores that are emptying due to selfdesiccation (from the chemical shrinkage accompanying the hydration reactions). Figure 

193 provides a simple 4-particle model of cement hydration illustrating this hypothesis. 

104
5) For the low-alkali cement 140 pastes with w/c = 0.40, repercolation of the capillary and 

open gel pores was observed to occur at later ages even under saturated curing 

conditions, as exemplified by the LTC scans in Figures 172, 177, 182, 183, 189, and 190. 

It is likely that the C-S-H gel formed in this hydrating low-alkali cement paste is very 

amorphous with a highly random morphology; thus, subsequent rearrangement to a more 

ordered (nano)structure could be responsible for local shrinkage and the observed 

repercolation of the open gel and capillary (size) pores [3, 4]. Conversely, the addition of 

alkalis (lithium, sodium, or potassium) results in an earlier depercolation of the capillary 

pores as indicated by comparing Figures 162 to 166 for specimens cured for 8 d under 

saturated conditions. Furthermore, limited evidence of a later age repercolation is 

observed only for the specimens with potassium and sodium sulfate additions, as shown 

in Figures 191 and 192. The specimens with alkali hydroxide or lithium nitrate additions 

cured for 90 d under saturated conditions exhibited no evidence of either an open gel or 

capillary pore repercolation (Figures 186, 187, and 188). 

a) saturated b) sealed 

 Figure 193 Four particle model for hydrating cement paste microstructure, indicating hydration under 

saturated and sealed curing conditions. Dark grey is unhydrated cement grains, textured material and 

light grey are hydration products, white is water-filled porosity, and black is empty porosity, from 

reference [2]. 

Conclusions and Future Research 

Low temperature calorimetry has been shown to be a valuable tool for characterizing the 

porosity of hydrating cement pastes, both in terms of the presence/absence of freezable water as 

a function of temperature and the percolation state of pore networks with various size entryways 

(dense gel, open gel, and capillary). Numerous examples of the influences of cement type, w/c, 

curing temperature, curing time, curing saturation conditions, and the additions of alkali 

compounds or limestone fillers have been presented in this report. Future efforts will focus on 

extending these LTC and hydration studies to blended cements to examine the influence of 

additions of silica fume, slag, fly ash, and the like on the developing porosity. In addition, 

studies are also underway on the influence of several different shrinkage-reducing admixture 

(SRA) types and dosages on the freezable water content of hydrating cement pastes. 

105
References

[1] Snyder, K.A., and Bentz, D.P., "Suspended Hydration and Loss of Freezable Water in 

Cement Pastes Exposed to 90% Relative Humidity," Cement and Concrete Research, 

Vol. 34 (11), 2045-2056, 2004. 

[2] Bentz, D.P., and Stutzman, P.E., “Curing, Hydration, and Microstructure of Cement 

Paste,” submitted to ACI Materials Journal, 2005. 

[3] Bentz, D.P., “Influence of Alkalis on Porosity Percolation in Hydrating Cement Pastes,” 

submitted to Cement and Concrete Composites, 2005. 

[4] Bentz, D.P., “Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Additions to Cement Pastes,” submitted to 

Advances in Cement Research, 2005. 

[5] Bentz, D.P., “Capillary Porosity Depercolation/Repercolation in Hydrating Cement 

Pastes via Low Temperature Calorimetry Measurements and CEMHYD3D Modeling,” 

submitted to Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005. 

[6] Bentz, D.P., "Three-Dimensional Computer Simulation of Cement Hydration and 

Microstructure Development," Journal of the American Ceramic Society, V. 80 (1), 1997, 

pp. 3-21. 

[7] Molina, L., “On Predicting the Influence of Curing Conditions on the Degree of 

Hydration,” CBI Report 5:92, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, 

Stockholm, Sweden, 1992. 

[8] CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 68th edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 

1987. 

[9] Taylor, H.F.W., Cement Chemistry, Thomas Telford, London, 1997. 

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