NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 240

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 240

BOREAS TGB-9 Above-canopy

NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and

SSA-OA Sites

B.N. Kieser, York University, North York, Ontario

V.L. Young, Ohio State University

H. Niki, York University, North York, Ontario

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022805 2018-05-15T06:41:31+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 240

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 240

BOREAS TGB-9 Above-canopy

NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and

SSA-OA Sites

B.N. Kieser, York University, North York, Ontario

V.L. Young, Ohio State University

H. Niki, York University, North York, Ontario

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-9 Above-canopy NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and

SSA-OA Sites

B.N. Kieser, V.L. Young, H. Niki

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-9 team collected data in order to inventory and quantify the anthropogenic and

biogenic NMHCs over the BOREAS study areas. This data set contains concentration and mixing ratio

values for several NMHCs collected at the BOREAS SSA from 27-May-1994 to 15-Sep-1994. The

data are provided in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-09 Above-canopy NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and SSA-OA Sites

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Trace Gas Biogeochemistry TGB)-09 team

measured nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) data at the Southern Study Area (SSA)-Old Black

Spruce (OBS), Old Jack Pine (OJP), and Old Aspen (OA) sites.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The mission objective was twofold: 1) to provide a quantitative inventory of NMHCs, both

anthropogenic and biogenic, at the SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and SSA-OA tower flux sites; and 2) to

provide ambient concentration data for biogenic hydrocarbons suitable for calculating the flux of

biogenic hydrocarbons at the tower flux sites using the gradient method.

Page 1
1.4 Summary of Parameters

Concentrations in the parts per trillion by volume (pptv) - parts per billion by volume (ppbv) range

are reported for a variety of biogenic and anthropogenic NMHCs. Local sources and transport from

distant sources contribute to the NMHCs inventory in the boreal forest region. A quantitative inventory

of ambient hydrocarbon concentrations can aid in identification of sources important to the boreal

atmosphere. In particular, gradient measurements allow biogenic emissions from the forest itself to be

quantified.

1.5 Discussion

Each sample was analyzed on two separate Gas Chromatograph (GC) Flame Ionization Detector

(FID) systems. In one, the column and temperature program were chosen to optimize quantitation of

C2-C6 hydrocarbons. In the other, the column and temperature program were chosen to optimize

quantitation of C5-C 10 hydrocarbons.

Samples collected at the SSA sites were transported to the laboratory in Toronto for analysis. The

time between collection and analysis varied greatly over the course of the study. The earliest samples

were analyzed within 1 month of collection, whereas some of the latest samples were not analyzed

until 6 months after collection. Extensive experience with such samples has demonstrated that these

samples are stable over such long periods of time.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-l0 Oxidant Concentration Data over the SSA

BOREAS TGB- 10 Oxidant Flux Data over the SSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Professor Hiromi Niki (deceased April 1995)

2.2 Title of Investigation

Ambient Measurements of Nonmethane Hydrocarbons

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Byron Kieser

Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry

006A Steacie Science Library

York University

North York, ON M3J 1P3 Canada

(416) 736-5410

(416) 736-5411 (fax)

bnkieser@ helios.sci.yorku.ca

Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

Page 2
3. Theory of Measurements

Estimates of the hydrocarbon flux above the canopy by the gradient method require measurement of

the hydrocarbon concentration gradient. To accomplish this, simultaneous samples were collected at

two heights above the canopy and analyzed for a range of hydrocarbons. The flux of any particular

hydrocarbon (HC) can then be determined by the following relationship:

FLUX(HC) = k(z) I ([HC]"- [HC]') / (z"- z')

where ([HC]" - [HC]') is the difference in [HC] between the two heights z" and z'. The eddy

diffusivity coefficient k(z) should be obtained from other researchers performing simultaneous

measurements at the same sites. Measurements of the hydrocarbon concentrations are made by

collecting whole air samples over a 30-minute period in evacuated, electropolished stainless steel

canisters that are then transported to the laboratory for analysis. Before being shipped to Saskatchewan

for sample collection, the canisters were heated to 80 °C and evacuated to 10-6 Torr for 2 hours.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

• The sample collection system filled two sample canisters simultaneously over 30 minutes. The

system consists of:

• Two electropolished stainless steel sample canisters (Biospherics Research Corp.,

Oregon, U.S.A.), 3- or 6- liter volume, evacuated, sealed by a Nupro metal bellows

valve, and having a Swagelock connection on the inlet.

• Two mass flow controllers, Tylan FC-260V, 0 - 500 sccm.

• 12V DC 1.5 A KNF Neuberger metal bellows pump UN05 ATI.

• Stainless steel tubing and fittings between components.

• The sample analysis system for identification and quantification of hydrocarbons. The system

consisted of:

• Hewlett Packard (HP) 5890II GC-FID with DB-1 100 m x 0.25 mm ID x 0.5

micrometer film column, electronically programmable pressure control inlet, and HP

PC-ChemStation v. 1.01 software, primarily for C5-C10 hydrocarbons.

• HP 589011 GC-FID with A1203/KC1 PLOT 50 m x 0.32 mm ID column and HP

PC-ChemStation v. 1.01 software, primarily for C2-C6 hydrocarbons.

• HP 5890 GC with SPB-5 30 m x 0.25 mm ID x 0.25 micrometer film column, HP

5970 MSD, HP 5970 GC-MS Workstation v. 3.2 software, and in-house constructed

cryogenic sample prefocusing system.

• Cryogenic sample preconcentration system, one per GC system, constructed in-house.

• Modified Tekran Cryotherm-100 cryogenic sample prefocusing system, one per

GC-FID system. Tekran cryofocusers were modified by replacing all internal nickel

tubing with stainless steel tubing. The prefocusing system for the GC-MSD was

constructed in-house.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Samples were collected at each of the SSA-OBS and SSA-OJP sites during Intensive Field

Campaign (IFC)-1, IFC-2, and IFC-3. Samples were collected at the SSA-OA site during IFC-2 and

IFC-3. Samples were collected regardless of the prevailing weather conditions.

Page 3
4.1.2 Source/Platform

• A portable sampling system mounted on a backpack frame and placed at the base of the tower.

Sampling was through Teflon lines mounted on the tower. Full sample canisters were shipped

to the laboratory for analysis.

• Benchtop systems in the laboratory at York University as described above.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective of the tower was to provide a place to mount instrumentation for measurements. The

objective of the backpack was to allow transport of equipment to measurement sites. The lab benchtop

provided an area to use to analyze the samples.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Concentration of individual NMHCs in air. Compounds that are measured (not all are included in

this data set): ethylene, acetylene, ethane, propene, propane, propyne, isobutane, iso-butene,

1,3-butadiene, n-butane, t-2-butene, 2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-butyne, c-2-butene, 2-methylbutane,

1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, n-pentane, isoprene, t-2-pentene, c-2-pentene, 2-methyl-2-butene,

2,2-dimethyl-butane, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, cyclopentane, 2,3-dimethyl-butane,

c-4-methyl-2-pentene, 2-methylpentane, t-4-meth-2-pentene, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethyl-1-butene,

1-hexene, n-hexane, t-2-hexene, c-3-methyl-2-pentene, c-2-hexene, t-3-methyl-2-pentene,

2,2-dimethylpentane, methylcyclopentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, benzene,

cyclohexane, 2-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-methylhexane, 1-heptene,

2,4,4-trimeth-pentan, t-3-heptene, heptane, t-2/c-3-heptene, c-2-heptene, methylcyclohexane,

2,2-dimethylhexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,4-dimethylhexane, 2,3,4-trimethylpenta, toluene,

2-methylheptane, 4-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, c-1,3-dimethylcycloh, t-1,4-dimethylcycloh,

2,2,5-trimethylhexane, 1-octene, n-octane, t-2-octene, t-1,3-dimethylcycloh, c-2-octene,

c-1,2-dimethylcycloh, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, o-xylene, 1-nonene, n-nonane,

iso-propylbenzene, benzaldehyde, alpha-pinene, 3,6-dimethyloctane, n-propylbenzene, camphene,

3-ethyltoluene, 4-ethyltoluene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenze, sabinene, 2-ethyltoluene, b-pinene, myrcene,

1,2,4-trimethylbenze, t-butylbenzene, n-decane, 2-carene, iso-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene,

3-carene, a-terpinene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenze, p-cymene, limonene, indan, 1,3-diethylbenzene,

1,4-diethylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, g-terpinene, 1,2-dieth-benz, undecane

Other compounds may be identified at a later date. Contact the investigators for further information.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

a. Sample collection system

Whole air samples were simultaneously collected at constant flow rates for 30 minutes (typically)

into stainless steel canisters, from two heights on a flux tower during IFC-1, IFC-2, and IFC-3 at each

of the SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and SSA-OA sites. Air was pumped from the sampling site on the tower

through a Teflon line into a sample canister. The mass flow controller held the pumping rate constant

as the can filled to a final pressure of about 20 pounds per square inch (psi). Two pumping systems

(mounted on the same backpack) with inlets at different points on the tower were used in order to fill

two cans simultaneously with air from different heights above the canopy.

b. Sample analysis

The collected samples were transported to the laboratory for analysis using GC techniques.

Permissible injection volumes for capillary GC are below 1 cc (gas). Typical concentrations for the

hydrocarbon species being measured are in the range of 10 pptv to 10 ppbv, which, for isoprene as

example, gives an analyte range of 0.06 to 60 fg/cc. The constraint on injection volume for capillary

GC combined with the low concentrations of analyte requires that the samples be preconcentrated prior

to GC analysis. Sample preconcentration is accomplished by passing a known volume of the air

sample through a trap filled with fine glass beads cooled to -180 °C. Volatile hydrocarbons are retained

on the beads. The bulk air constituents (nitrogen and oxygen) are collected in an evacuated reference

Page 4
volume.Fromthefinal pressureof thereferencevolume,thetotalvolumeof airthatpassedthrough

thepreconcentrationsystemmaybecalculated.Thisvolumeisusedto calculatethemixingratioof

eachcompoundin theoriginalair sampleafterGCanalysis.Thesampletrappedcryogenicallyonthe

glassbeadsis thermallydesorbedinto astreamof ultrapureheliumandretrappedonthesurfaceof a

fine stainlesssteelcapillarycooledto -180°C.Thissecondcryogenictrappingstage"focuses"the

sampleinto asmalllinearsectionof tubing.Electricalresistanceballisticallyheatsthecoldstainless

steelcapillary,andthecryofocusedsamplequickly desorbsinto theheliumstreamandistransferredto

thechromatographiccolumn.

Thevolatilecomponentsof thesamplearecarriedthroughtheGC columnby themobilephase,the

ultrapurehelium.CapillaryGCcolumnsaretypicallyalong (10-100m) sectionof fusedsilica

capillary(0.18-0.53mm innerdiameter,I.D.). Theinsidesurfaceof thecolumnhasathin (0.05-5m)

coatingof astationaryphasedesignedto interactwith thecomponentsof amixturepassingthroughthe

column.Foranyindividualhydrocarbon,theamountof timetakento traversethelengthof thecolumn

(retentiontime)is determinedby thecomponent'saffinity forthestationaryphase,which,in turn,is a

functionof thechemicalnatureof thecomponent.Thisdifferentialaffinity of variousspeciesfor the

stationaryphasemakesit possiblefortheGCcolumnto separateacomplexmixtureasit travels

throughthecolumn.Controlledvariationof columntemperatureoverthecourseof theanalysis

(temperatureprogram)alsoaffectstheseparationof thecompounds,theretentiontimefor each

compound,andthetotalanalysistimefor thesample.Compoundsareidentifiedby theircharacteristic

retentiontimes.

Compoundselutingfrom theendof thecolumnaredetectedusinganFID, in whichthecolumn

effluentis introducedintoahydrogen-airdiffusionflame.An electricalchargeappliedapotential

acrosstheflamecollectsspeciesformedthroughradicalreactionsin theflameandthecurrentis

amplifiedby asensitiveelectrometer.TheFID displaysalinearresponseto carbonatomsoveralarge

dynamicrange.TheFID isvery sensitiveto hydrocarbons,but isinsensitiveto wateror carbon

dioxide.

In additionto theFIDdetector,someof thesamplesareanalyzedusingtheMSD, whichproduces

massspectraof thespecieselutedfrom thecolumn.TheMSDis lesssensitivethantheFID, but

providesamorecertainidentificationof thespecieselutedby relyingnotonly ontheretentiontime,but

alsoonthemassspectrumof theeffluent.Thecolumnseparatescomponents,theyareintroducedto a

high-energystreamof electrons,andafractionof themoleculesareconvertedto ions.Theionsare

electricallyacceleratedintoaquadrupolemassfilter andpassedto anelectronmultiplier.Theelectron

multiplier countsthenumberof ionsthatstrikeit. By scanningarangeof mass-chargeratios,theMSD

canconstructamassspectrumfor eachcompoundexitingthecolumn.Thepatternandabundanceof

ionsproducedarecharacteristicof thechemicalstructureof acompound,andthusmaybeusedto

identify specieselutingfrom thecolumn.TheMSDresultsareusedto qualitativelyidentifyunknown

compounds,whiletheFID resultsprovidequantitativedata.

UnliketheFID, theMSD is sensitiveto waterandcarbondioxide.Waterandcarbondioxideare

presentin ambientair in amountsseveralordersof magnitudelargerthananyof theNMHCs.

Althoughsmallamountswill not affectFID operation,typicalambientconcentrationsdopose

chromatographicproblemsandproblemswith theMSD operation.Waterandcarbondioxidehavea

detrimentaleffectonthechromatographicseparationof hydrocarbons.Becauseof its polarnature,

waterinterfereswiththeinteractionbetweenthehydrocarbonsandthestationaryphaseof thecolumn.

Watercanalsoclogtheglassbeadtrap,cryo-focuser,orcolumnduringtheanalysis,andmay

extinguishtheFIDflame.In theMSD, highwaterandcarbondioxidesignalsincreasethebackground

signalsfor otherionssuchthatthedetectionlimit is raisedto anunsuitablelevel.In orderto avoid

theseproblems,waterandcarbondioxideareremovedfrom theair samplesprior to preconcentration.

A coldtrap(-20to -60°C)removeswaterin sufficientamountsto allowchromatographicanalysisto

proceedwithoutanycloggingorFID quenching.A potassiumcarbonatetrapat 80-°Cremovescarbon

dioxide.Thesetrapsweretestedextensivelyto ensurethattheconcentrationsof thehydrocarbonsof

interestarenot affected.

Page5
4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

The Teflon sampling tubes are mounted on the main tower at each site. The height of the inlet

above the ground, in meters, is given for each sample. Both inlets are above the mean canopy height.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

a. The sampling system was assembled by the investigators. All tubing was chromatographic-grade

stainless steel.

(i) Stainless steel canisters were manufactured by:

Biospherics Research Corp.

1121 N.W. Donelson Street

Hillsboro, OR 97124

(503) 690-1077

(ii) Mass flow controllers were manufactured by:

Tylan Corporation

Torrance, CA 90501

(iii) The metal bellows pump was manufactured by:

KNF Neuberger, Inc.

Princeton, NJ

(609) 799-4350

b. Analysis system

(i,ii,iii) GC and GC-MSD was manufactured by:

Hewlett-Packard (Canada)

5150 Spectrum Way H80

Mississauga, ON L4W 5G1

(905) 206-4725

(iv) The cryogenic sample preconcentration system was assembled by the investigators.

(v) The cryogenic sample prefocusing system for the GC-FIDs was manufactured by:

Tekran, Inc.

Toronto, ON

The cryogenic sample prefocusing system for the GC-MSD was assembled by the investigators.

4.2 Calibration

a. Sampling system

The sampling system flow rate was calibrated using a soap bubble flow meter.

b. Hydrocarbon analysis

GC-FID systems were calibrated with standard mixtures from Environment Canada, National

Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Scott Specialty Gases, as well as standard mixtures

prepared in the laboratory (Dr. Daniel Wang, Environment Canada, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., Hull, PQ

K1A 0H3; Dr. Eric Apel, NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80303; Scott Specialty Gases,

6141 Easton Road, Plumsteadville, PA 18949-0310), and checked with secondary standards mixed in

the laboratory.

Page 6
Calibrationof theGC systemswasaccomplishedusingpreparedgasmixturesin airof known

concentrationto determinethecharacteristicretentiontimeandFIDresponsefor eachcompoundin the

mixture.MeasuredFID responseswerecheckedagainstheexpectedresponsebasedonthenumberof

carbonatomsin eachcompound,sincetheFIDresponseislinearoveralargerange,andis essentially

massresponsiveto carbonatoms.

4.2.1 Specifications

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

a.Samplingsystem:Constantflow rateof 500+50 sccm air at STP.

b. Hydrocarbon analysis: Detection limits and precision:

NMHC analysis detection limit: 5 pptv

NMHC Precision:

+/-5pptv for [HC] < 0. lppbv

+/-5% for 0. lppbv < [HC] < 1.0ppbv

+/-1% for [HC] > 1.0ppbv

NMHC GC-MSD analysis detection limit: 0.1-0.5 ppbv (depending on compound)

Precision: not used for quantitative analysis

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

a. Sample collection system calibration was checked weekly.

b. NMHC analysis system was checked weekly for all components reported using standards from

NCAR and/or Environment Canada and/or laboratory- prepared mixtures.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

For NMHC analysis, the two samples in each pair were run consecutively on the same day by the

same operator on the same GC. Before the project began, each operator demonstrated that he could

achieve the precision quoted in Section 4.2.1.1 for multiple runs of the same sample. Each day, one

sample was repeated by another operator on the same GC to test reproducibility between operators.

The concentration of isoprene obtained from the two GCs was compared for each sample. Several

samples from each IFC were analyzed more than once to monitor the system performance, as well as

track any sample stability problems.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

The two outlets of the pumping system were connected to evacuated stainless steel canisters. The inlets

of the pumping system were connected to Teflon lines mounted on a tower so that air could be sampled

simultaneously from two heights above the forest canopy. The flow rate for the mass flow controllers

was set such that each can would fill to a pressure of about 20 psi during 30 minutes of sampling. The

cans were sealed by shutting the valve, and the full cans were then shipped to the laboratory for

analysis.

Approximately 500 - 700 mL (at standard temperature and pressure) of sample was used for

GC-FID analysis. The sample handling procedure is described in more detail in Section 4.

Page 7
6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

SSA-OBS: The mean canopy height was 9 m. Sampling inlets were placed at 12.4 m and 23.3 m

above ground level. A path about 50 m wide was made from the road to the tower. Data taken when

the wind was from the direction of the road may be suspect because of the removal of trees to create

the path.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

Samples were collected only from the tower at each site. Each sample may be considered as an

ambient sample whose spatial coverage could be determined by back-trajectory analysis for the

30-minute sampling period. The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates of the

measurement sites are:

SSA-OBS: 53.98717N, I05.11779W

SSA-OJP: 53.91634N, I04.69203W

SSA-OA: 53.62889N, I06.19779W

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The resolution, for gradient calculations, is no better than the footprint of forest considered in flux

measurements. As ambient measurements, the spatial resolution is subject to the meteorological

conditions at the time the measurements were made.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Samples were collected at the three SSA tower flux sites during the IFCs from 27-May to

15-Sep- 1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Note: Sample refers to a pair of upper- and lower-level samples.

SSA-OJP 27-May-1994, 4 samples

SSA-OJP 07-Jun to 12-Jun-1994, 33 samples

SSA-OJP 27-Jul to 02-Aug-1994, 30 samples

SSA-OJP 09-Sep to 11-Sep-1994, 8 samples

SSA-OJP 15-Sep-1994, 4 samples

Page 8
SSA-OBS31-Mayto 05-Jun-1994,25samples

SSA-OBS20-Julto 24-Ju1-1994,32samples

SSA-OBS01-Septo 07-Sep-1994,32 samples

SSA-OA04-Augto 08-Aug-1994,20 samples

SSA-OA 12-Septo 14-Sep-1994,21samples

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Onthedateslistedin Section7.2.2.,samplesweretypicallycollectedat 1-hourintervals,usually

from latemorningto evening.Onseveraloccasions,sampleswerecollectedovera24-hourperiod,

whentherewasnoprecipitation.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CANISTER NUM

HT AGL

ISOPRENE CONC

QA CODE

ETHANE MIX RATIO

PROPANE MIX RATIO

N-BUTANE MIX RATIO

ISOBUTANE MIX RATIO

N-PENTANE MIX RATIO

ISOPENTANE MIX RATIO

N-HEXANE MIX RATIO

2-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO

3-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO

N-HEPTANE MIX RATIO

METHYL-CYCLOHEXANE MIX RATIO

ACETYLENE MIX RATIO

ETHENE MIX RATIO

PROPENE MIX RATIO

I-BUTENE MIX RATIO

ISOBUTENE MIX RATIO

I-PENTENE MIX RATIO

1,3-BUTADIENE MIX RATIO

ISOPRENE MIX RATIO

ALPHA-PINENE MIX RATIO

BETA-PINENE MIX RATIO

CAMPHENE MIX RATIO

3-CARENE MIX RATIO

PARACYMENE MIX RATIO

D-LIMONENE MIX RATIO

BENZENE MIX RATIO

TOLUENE MIX RATIO

Page 9
FILE NUH

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CANISTER NUM

HT AGL

ISOPRENE CONC

QA CODE

ETHANE MIX RATIO

PROPANE MIX RATIO

N-BUTANE MIX RATIO

ISOBUTANE MIX RATIO

N-PENTANE MIX RATIO

ISOPENTANE MIX RATIO

N-HEXANE MIX RATIO

2-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO

3-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO

N-HEPTANE MIX RATIO

METHYL-CYCLOHEXANE MIX RATIO

ACETYLENE MIX RATIO

ETHENE MIX RATIO

PROPENE MIX RATIO

I-BUTENE MIX RATIO

ISOBUTENE MIX RATIO

I-PENTENE MIX RATIO

1,3-BUTADIENE MIX RATIO

ISOPRENE MIX RATIO

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG, TRN,

and TTT identifies the cover type for the site,

999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

Sampling canister number for isoprene data.

The height above ground at which the measurements

were taken.

The ambient concentration of isoprene

Quality assurance code l:good, 2:missing, 3:value

outside expected range, 4=unexpected reverse

gradient.

The ethane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The propane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The n-butane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The isobutane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The n-pentane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The isopentane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The n-hexane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The 2-methyl-pentane mixinc ratio in the air

sample.

The 3-methyl-pentane mixinc ratio in the air

sample.

The n-heptane mixing ratio in the air sample.

The methyl-cyclohexane mixing ratio in the air

sample.

The acetylene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The ethene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The propene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The l-butene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The isobutene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The l-pentene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The 1,3-butadiene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The isoprene mixing ratio in the air sample.

Page 10
ALPHA-PINENE MIX RATIO

BETA-PINENE MIX RATIO

CAMPHENE MIX RATIO

3-CARENE MIX RATIO

PARACYMENE MIX RATIO

D-LIMONENE MIX RATIO

BENZENE MIX RATIO

TOLUENE MIX RATIO

FILE NUM

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

The alpha-pinene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The beta-pinene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The camphene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The 3-carene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The paracymene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The d-limonene mixing ratio in the air sample.

The benzene mixing ratio in the air sample

The toluene mixing ratio in the air sample

The file number for the raw data in teams

archives.

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI but

questionable).

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

CANISTER NUM [none]

HT AGL [meters]

ISOPRENE CONC [parts per billion Carbon]

QA CODE [unitless]

ETHANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

PROPANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

N-BUTANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

ISOBUTANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

N-PENTANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

ISOPENTANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

N-HEXANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

2-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

3-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

N-HEPTANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

METHYL-CYCLOHEXANE MIX RATIO [unitless]

ACETYLENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

ETHENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

PROPENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

I-BUTENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

ISOBUTENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

I-PENTENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

1,3-BUTADIENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

ISOPRENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

ALPHA-PINENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

BETA-PINENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

CAMPHENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

3-CARENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

PARACYMENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

Page 11
D-LIHONENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

BENZENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

TOLUENE MIX RATIO [unitless]

FILE NUM [unitless]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Date Source

SITE NAME Assigned by BORIS

SUB SITE Assigned by BORIS

DATE OBS Investigator

TIME OBS Investigator

CANISTER NUM Investigator

HT AGL Investigator

ISOPRENE CONC GC-FID

QA CODE Investigator

ETHANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

PROPANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

N-BUTANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

ISOBUTANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

N-PENTANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

ISOPENTANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

N-HEXANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

2-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

3-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

N-HEPTANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

METHYL-CYCLOHEXANE MIX RATIO GC-FID

ACETYLENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

ETHENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

PROPENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

I-BUTENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

ISOBUTENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

I-PENTENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

1,3-BUTADIENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

ISOPRENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

ALPHA-PINENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

BETA-PINENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

CAMPHENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

3-CARENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

PARACYMENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

D-LIMONENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

BENZENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

TOLUENE MIX RATIO GC-FID

FILE NUM Investigator

REVISION DATE Assigned by BORIS

CRTFCN CODE Assigned by BORIS

Page 12
7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CANISTER NUM

HT AGL

ISOPRENE CONC

QA CODE

ETHANE MIX RATIO

PROPANE MIX RATIO

N-BUTANE MIX RATIO

ISOBUTANE MIX RATIO

N-PENTANE MIX

RATIO

ISOPENTANE MIX RATIO

N-HEXANE MIX RATIO

2-METHYL-PENTANE

MIX RATIO

3-METHYL-PENTANE

MIX RATIO

N-HEPTANE MIX

RATIO

METHYL-CYCLOHEXANE

MIX RATIO

ACETYLENE MIX RATIO

ETHENE MIX RATIO

PROPENE MIX RATIO

I-BUTENE MIX RATIO

ISOBUTENE MIX RATIO

I-PENTENE MIX

RATIO

1,3-BUTADIENE MIX

RATIO

ISOPRENE MIX RATIO

ALPHA-PINENE MIX

RATIO

BETA-PINENE MIX

RATIO

CAMPHENE MIX RATIO

3-CARENE MIX RATIO

PARACYMENE MIX RATIO

D-LIMONENE MIX

RATIO

BENZENE MIX RATIO

TOLUENE MIX RATIO

FILE NUM

REVISION DATE

SSA-9OA-FLXTR

TGB09-CON01

27-MAY-94

0

-999

12

.001

1

1.365

.23

054

022

021

018

002

002

002

002

002

173

068

02

002

016

002

002

079

002

002

002

002

002

002

044

022

-999

24-FEB-95

SSA-OJP-FLXTR None None None None

TGB09-MIX01 None None None None

15-SEP-94 None None None None

2305 None None None None

Y525 -999 None None Blank

38 None None None None

9.72 -999 None None Blank

4 None None None Blank

4.81 None None None Blank

3.609 None None None Blank

15.09 None None None Blank

9.654 None None None Blank

2.898 None None None Blank

11.312 None None None Blank

.586 None None None Blank

.911 None None None Blank

.527 None None None Blank

.149 None None None Blank

.18 None None None Blank

1.515 None None None Blank

1.593 None None None Blank

6.644 None None None Blank

.199 None None None Blank

.254 None None None Blank

.16 None None None Blank

.041 None None None Blank

1.304 None None None Blank

.494 None None None Blank

.165 None None None Blank

.499 None None None Blank

.099 None None None Blank

.044 None None None Blank

.123 None None None Blank

.557 None None None Blank

1.456 None None None Blank

379 -999 None None Blank

05-NOV-96 None None None None

Page 13
CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

Minimum Data Value --

Maximum Data Value --

Missng Data Value --

Unrel Data Value --

Below Detect Limit --

Data Not Cllctd --

The minimum value found in the column.

The maximum value found in the column.

The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank

N/A

None

-- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

-- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

-- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,CANISTER NUM, HT AGL, ISOPRENE CONC,QA CODE,

ETHANE MIX RATIO,PROPANE MIX RATIO,N-BUTANE MIX RATIO, ISOBUTANE MIX RATIO,

N-PENTANE MIX RATIO, ISOPENTANE MIX RATIO,N-HEXANE MIX RATIO,

2-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO, 3-METHYL-PENTANE MIX RATIO,N-HEPTANE MIX RATIO,

METHYL-CYCLOHEXANE MIX RATIO,ACETYLENE MIX RATIO,ETHENE MIX RATIO,

PROPENE MIX RATIO, I-BUTENE MIX RATIO, ISOBUTENE MIX RATIO, I-PENTENE MIX RATIO,

1,3-BUTADIENE MIX RATIO, ISOPRENE MIX RATIO,ALPHA-PINENE MIX RATIO,

BETA-PINENE MIX RATIO,CAMPHENE MIX RATIO, 3-CARENE MIX RATIO,

PARACYMENE MIX RATIO,D-LIMONENE MIX RATIO,BENZENE MIX RATIO, TOLUENE MIX RATIO,

FILE NUM, REVISION DATE,CRTFCN CODE

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', 'TGB09-CON01',04-AUG-94,1003, 'Y066',27.0,3.216,1 .................

........... '140',05-NOV-96, 'CPI'

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', 'TGB09-CON01',04-AUG-94,1003, 'Y042',38.0,2.644,1 .................

........... '139',05-NOV-96, 'CPI'

Page 14
8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was the data

containing NMHC and isoprene concentrations measured on a particular date at a particular site.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

[Sample] = ((sample pk area) x (Response Factor) / (sample vol))

where: [Sample] is the mixing ratio of the NMHC of interest in the sample.

(sample pk area) is the area in area counts of the chromatogram peak that corresponds

to NMHC of interest in the sample.

Response Factor is the FID response in area counts per ppbv of the NMHC of interest

per cc of sample.

(sample vol) is the volume of sample analyzed in cc.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Calculations were performed by HP PC-ChemStation software.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

• HP PC-ChemStation integrates each peak in chromatogram.

• Operator verifies that software chose reasonable baseline and limits for peaks and manually

sets baseline and limits if necessary.

• Peaks are identified by comparison to retention times found using standard mixtures.

• Operator transfers area count data to spreadsheet program for concentration calculations.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

Peak areas were converted to concentrations (mixing ratios) by formula in Section 9.1.

Page 15
9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

Data Below Detection Limit: When the NMHC of interest is not detected by the GC-FID system, it

is assigned a concentration of 0.002 ppbv, which is approximately the average between the detection

limit of 0.005 ppbv and 0.000 ppbv.

Conversion to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT): Time at start of sampling was originally noted in

local Saskatchewan time. This was converted to GMT by adding 6 hours.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

The user is advised to check meteorological data carefully before using these data to calculate

fluxes by the gradient method and to know the limitations of this method. Because compound

identification is based on retention time, it is possible to misidentify a compound that is present in a

real sample but not present in the calibration standard. The temperature programs have been adjusted to

achieve good separation for the compounds in the calibration standards, but additional species present

in real samples may co-elute. This is unlikely to cause problems for the C2-C6 data, because the

calibration standard for light hydrocarbons is comprehensive, but there may be interferences in the

C5-C10 data.

10.2 Quality Assessment

Laboratory analysis of the air samples was conducted, and the samples were examined for outliers.

When an outlier was spotted, the original chromatogram was checked for correct integration and

quantification.

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Time series plots for each hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon distribution plots were analyzed. Samples

were collected in evacuated stainless steel canisters and shipped to the laboratory in Toronto, ON, for

analysis by GC-FID. Concentrations in the pptv-ppbv range are reported for a variety of biogenic and

anthropogenic NMCs. The measurements are sufficiently precise for use in calculating fluxes by the

gradient method. They are also valuable as a record of the ambient trace gas concentrations present in

the region.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

The investigators are quite confident in the C2-C10 data. Compound identification is made

primarily by retention time only. This may lead to improper identifications, particularly for the larger

hydrocarbons, such as C10. Users are cautioned that although the identifications are likely correct,

they are not guaranteed.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

Absolute concentrations are considered accurate within 20%, limited primarily by the uncertainty in

the concentrations in the calibration standards. Uncertainty in gradients calculated from these

concentrations is determined by the precision of the analysis, which is quoted in Section 4.2.1.1.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

As data from other investigators become available, these results will be compared with theirs and

the data and documentation updated as necessary.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

Page 16
11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

Three samples in this data set contain unusually high levels of anthropogenic hydrocarbons:

12.4 m 02-Jun-1994 13:25

12.4 m 02-Jun-1994 14:35

23.3 m 04-Jun-1994 12:00

This is not a problem with the GC analysis; values from the two GC-FID systems for C6

hydrocarbons agree well. The high concentrations of light hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane

indicate that contamination of the canisters is not a factor; these species are removed very effectively by

the cleaning procedure. In fact, 23.3 m 04-Jun-1994 12:00 was collected in a new canister purchased

for this project. The investigators suggest referring to other measurements of trace gas concentrations

at these times to determine whether a significant, transient, local anthropogenic source existed.

11.3 Usage Guidance

Not all species identified are included in this data set. Researchers interested in specific compounds

should contact the investigators directly for further information about the data.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

12. Application of the Data Set

These data are intended for use in the study of atmosphere-biosphere interactions, and the atmospheric

chemistry of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons. The data have been used in conjunction with

other data collected at the sites by other researchers for the calculation of biogenic hydrocarbon

emissions from the various sites.

None given.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

HP 5970 GC-MS Workstation v. 3.2 software HP PC-ChemStation v. 1.01 software

14.2 Software Access

Not applicable.

Page 17
15. Data Access

The TGB-09 above-canopy NMHC data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and

Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 18
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Sample analysis is performed by standard chromatographic techniques. No knowledge specific to the

GC-FIDs used is required in order to assess or interpret the data. Any analytical instrumentation text

should give the user sufficient information about GC-FID.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

A comprehensive review of sample analysis and data analysis in the laboratory may be found in the

Ph.D. dissertation of Byron Kieser and the Ph.D. dissertation of Bertram Thomas Jobson:

Kieser, B. 1997. Measurements of Biogenic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Boreal Forest.

Department of Chemistry, York University.

Jobson, B.T. 1994. Seasonal Trends of Non methane Hydrocarbons at a Remote Boreal and High

Arctic Site in Canada Department of Chemistry York University.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 19
ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

FID

GC

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HP

HTML

IFC

MSD

NAD83

NASA

NMHC

NSA

OA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

ppbv

pptv

psi

SSA

TGB

URL

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Flame Ionization Detector

- Gas Chromatograph(y)

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hewlett Packard

- HyperText Markup Language

- Intensive Field Campaign

- Mass Selective Detector

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Nonmethane Hydrocarbons

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Parts Per Billion by Volume

- Parts Per Trillion by Volume

- Pounds Per Square Inch

- Southern Study Area

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 22-Nov- 1994

Last updated: 30-Jul- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 02-Jul- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please contact Byron Kieser (see Section 2.3) and cite any relevant papers

in Section 17.2.

Page 20
If usingdatafromtheBOREASCD-ROM series,alsoreferencetheda!aas: Niki, H., AmbientMeasurementsof NonmethaneHydrocarbons.In CollectedDataof The

BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.Eds.J.Newcomer,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K.

Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker, R.Strub,T. Twine, F.

Hall, andP.Sellers.CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

Also,citetheBOREASCD-ROMsetas:

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.CollectedDataof

TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 21
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-9 Above-canopy NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and

SSA-OA Sites

6. AUTHOR(S)

B.N. Keiser, V.L. Young, and H. Niki

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 240

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

B.N. Keiser and H. Niki: York University, North York, Ontario; V.L. Young: Ohio State University;

S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-9 team collected data in order to inventory and quantify the anthropogenic and

biogenic NMHCs over the BOREAS study areas. This data set contains concentration and mixing

ratio values for several NMHCs collected at the BOREAS S SA from 27-May-1994 to 15-Sep-1994.

The data are provided in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

21

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102