NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 225

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 225

BOREAS TGB-1/TGB-3 NEE Data

over the NSA Fen

Lianne Bellisario, Atmospheric Environment Service

_m R. Moore, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022582 2018-05-14T19:01:33+00:00Z
The NASA STI Program Office ... in Profile

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to

the advancement of aeronautics and space

science. The NASA Scientific and Technical

Information (STI) Program Office plays a key

part in helping NASA maintain this important

role.

The NASA STI Program Office is operated by

Langley Research Center, the lead center for

NASA's scientific and technical information. The

NASA STI Program Office provides access to

the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of

aeronautical and space science STI in the world.

The Program Office is also NASA's institutional

mechanism for disseminating the results of its

research and development activities. These

results are published by NASA in the NASA STI

Report Series, which includes the following

report types:

• TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of

completed research or a major significant

phase of research that present the results of

NASA programs and include extensive data or

theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of

significant scientific and technical data and

information deemed to be of continuing

reference value. NASA's counterpart of

peer-reviewed formal professional papers but

has less stringent limitations on manuscript

length and extent of graphic presentations.

• TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific

and technical findings that are preliminary or

of specialized interest, e.g., quick release

reports, working papers, and bibliographies

that contain minimal annotation. Does not

contain extensive analysis.

• CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and

technical findings by NASA-sponsored

contractors and grantees.

CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected

papers from scientific and technical

conferences, symposia, seminars, or other

meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA

programs, projects, and mission, often concerned with subjects having substantial public

interest.

TECHNICAL TRANSLATION.

English-language translations of foreign scientific and technical material pertinent to NASA's

mission.

Specialized services that complement the STI

Program Office's diverse offerings include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results...

even providing videos.

For more information about the NASA STI Prograin Office, see the following:

Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at

http://www, sti.nasa.gov/STI-homepage.html

E-mail your question via the Internet to

help@ sti.nasa.gov

Fax your question to the NASA Access Help

Desk at (301) 621-0134

• Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at

(301) 621-0390

Write to:

NASA Access Help Desk

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320
NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 225

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 225

BOREAS TGB-1/TGB-3 NEE Data

over the NSA Fen

Lianne Bellisario, Atmospheric Environment Service

_m R. Moore, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-1, TGB-3 NEE Data over the NSA Fen

Lianne Bellisario, Tim R. Moore

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-1 and TGB-3 teams collected several data sets that contributed to understanding

the measured trace gas fluxes over sites in the NSA. This data set contains NEE measurements

collected with chambers at the NSA fen in 1994 and 1996. Gas samples were extracted approximately

every 7 days from chambers and analyzed at the NSA lab facility. The data are provided in tabular

ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-01/TGB-03 NEE Data over the NSA Fen

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The Trace Gas Biogeochemistry (TGB)-01 and -03 teams took net ecosystem exchange of C02

(NEE) measurements at the Northern Study Area (NSA) fen site using chambers from early June to

September 1994 and from April to late October 1996 for the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

(BOREAS). Chamber NEE measurements were taken at the four subsites within the fen in the NSA to

determine the NEE rates at these locations. The locations represent the range of plant communities,

water chemistry, and peatland types found in northern peatlands, including bog, rich fen, poor fen,

and collapse scar (pH ranges from 3.8 to 7.2). Continuous measurements of water level and air and

soil temperatures were taken to understand the thermal and hydrological gradients associated with each

plant community. Measurements were made from the period of snow melt and thaw through the full

growing season to fall freeze up to examine the seasonal patterns of NEE, differences in phenology,

and relative importance of vascular plants and bryophytes to the carbon balance. The following is a

description of the acquisition of data and the final data sets.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

Thepurposeof thesemeasurementswasto examinetherangeandmagnitudeof NEEbetweenthe

atmosphereandthewetlandplantsandsoils.Continuousmeasurementsof waterlevelandairandsoil

temperaturemeasurementswerealsomadeto understandtheenvironmentalcontrolsonNEE.Plant

speciescompositionwithin theNEEcollarswasmeasuredto understandthedifferencesin NEE

amongthevariousplantcommunitiesin thefen.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

NEE, air and water temperatures, and water levels were measured in the NSA fen. In addition, the

plant communities for each chamber were characterized.

1.5 Discussion

NEE was measured at four subsites in the NSA fen, designated as collapse bog (CB), collapse fen

(CF), tower fen (TF), and Zoltai fen (ZF). Each collar location is further designated by a spur (1, 2, 3,

or 4) along the boardwalk at each subsite and by the microtopography or dominant ground cover of the

collar location: pal=paisa, hk=hummock, hw=hollow, lwn=lawn, moat=open water at the edge of the

collapse scars, b_moss=brown moss, sph=sphagnum, and lich=lichen. NEE, dark CO2 flux

(respiration), photosynthesis (derived from the difference between NEE and respiration), and

photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) are the parameters for the NEE data files. Continuous water

table and temperatures were recorded at each of the subsites to accompany the NEE measurements.

Temperatures of the air, 5-cm, 10-cm, 20-cm, and 50-cm peat depth were measured at each subsite.

Temperatures correspond to the collar location at the subsite. In cases where the continuous data were

missing, manual soil temperatures were recorded. Continuous water level measurements were taken at

each subsite and are designated by the subsite abbreviation and the number of the spur (e.g.,

CBWLl=collapse bog, water level, spur 1). Plant species composition of each NEE collar was

recorded as percent cover of the total collar area.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-01 CH4 Concentration and Flux Data from NSA Tower Sites

BOREAS TGB-01/TGB-03 Water Table and Peat Temperature Data over the NSA

BOREAS TGB-01/TGB-03 CH4 Chamber Flux Data over the NSA Fen

BOREAS TGB-03 Plant Species Composition Data over the NSA Fen

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Jill L. Bubier

Research Associate

University of New Hampshire

Dr. Patrick M. Crill

Research Associate Professor

University of New Hampshire

Dr. Tim R. Moore

Professor

McGill University

2.2 Title of Investigation

Magnitude and Control of Trace Gas Exchange in Boreal Ecosystems

Page 2
2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. Jill L. Bubier

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space

Complex Systems Research Center

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

(603) 862-4208

(603) 862-0188 (fax)

jill.bubier@unh.edu

Contact 2:

Dr. Patrick M. Crill

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space

Complex Systems Research Center

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

(603) 862-3519

(603) 862-0188 (fax)

patrick.crill@ unh.edu

Contact 3:

Ruth K. Varner

Research Scientist

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space

Complex Systems Research Center

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

(603) 862-2939

(603) 862-0188

ruth.kerwin@unh.edu

Contact 4:

Dr. Tim R. Moore

Geography Department

McGill University

805 Sherbrooke St. W.

Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6

Canada

(514) 398-4961

(514) 398-7437 (fax)

moore@ felix.geog.mcgill.ca

Contact 5:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

Page 3
3. Theory of Measurements

Chamber fluxes measure the changes in mixing ratio of trace gases (CO2) in a closed headspace over a

period of time. This headspace is isolated from the atmosphere; therefore, the exchange of material

between the covered soil and the headspace can be quantified.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

NEE was quantified with a LI-COR (LI-COR, Inc., Lincoln, NE) portable photosynthesis system

(LI-6200), which includes the LI-6250 infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), system console with 256 K

memory, 9960-035 Sensor Housing, 6000TC leaf temperature thermocouples, a Vaisala HUMICAP

humidity sensor, quantum sensor for PAR measurements, field stand, 6000B rechargeable battery

packs, 6200B rechargeable battery packs, LI-6020 battery charger, 6200DP desiccant tubes for

magnesium perchlorate, 1000-90 communications software, 6200-25 support software, and RS-232C

output leads for Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communication Equipment (DCE). A wood

frame backpack for carrying the LI-6200 and ancillary equipment to the field sites was designed and

manufactured by George Stone at Arundo Woodworking, Hyde Park, Vermont.

The portable climate-controlled chambers were designed by Patrick Crill, Paul Carroll, and Ruth

Kerwin and were modeled after a chamber described in Whiting et al., 1991. The chambers were

manufactured at University of New Hampshire (UNH) by Ruth Kerwin and were constructed of clear

Lexan and Teflon film to allow maximum light penetration. One of two chamber sizes was used

depending on the height of the vegetation. The larger chamber covered 3,660 cm2 of surface area and

was 90.5 cm in height. The aluminum frame was covered on three sides with 5-mil Teflon film. The

fourth side was constructed of a rigid polycarbonate wall (1/8" Lexan) on which the climate control

and sampling equipment were mounted. The chamber top was made of 1/8" Lexan and was removable

to allow equilibration of plant communities to ambient conditions between sampling runs. The climate

control system consisted of a small heat exchanger (radiator) and a cooler for pumping cold water. The

cooler was filled with water, ice, and a battery-powered pump and attached to the chamber with hoses

to circulate the cold water to the heat exchanger. Three small brushless fans circulated the air across the

radiator, cooling the enclosed air to within 1 °C of ambient air temperature outside the chamber. The

smaller chamber covered the same area as the larger chamber to fit the same collars (3,660 cm2), but

was half the height (45 cm). All four sides and top of the smaller chamber were constructed of 1/8"

Lexan. In order to measure NEE at different light levels, shrouds of different mesh size were used to

reduce the light entering the chamber to 1/2, 1/4, and 0 full light. The aluminum collars were designed

by Patrick Crill and manufactured at UNH. The collars were inserted into the peat in the fall of 1995 to

minimize disturbance during the sampling period beginning in the spring of 1996.

Continuous water table measurements were made with a float and counter weight attached to a

wheel and potentiometer mounted on a platform that rested on top of a wooden post anchored in the

clay below the peat. The potentiometer, which was wired to either a CR10 or CR7 datalogger

(Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan, UT), recorded the change in water level in mV. Wells were

constructed of PVC tubing. Peat temperatures were recorded with type T thermocouples

(copper-constantan) attached at four levels (5, 10, 20, and 50 cm) to wooden stakes and inserted into

the peat during the fall of 1995. The thermocouples were wired to either CR10 or CR7 dataloggers and

calibrated to reference temperatures.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

The chamber fluxes were collected under all environmental conditions. The calibrations and data

analyses were completed at the Heritage North Museum laboratory in Thompson, Manitoba.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Ground.

Page 4
4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective was to determine the plant-soil-surface exchange rates of C02 at the NSA fen

complex.

4.1.4 Key Variables

The key variables measured during the sampling period were NEE, PAR, air temperature, peat

temperature at four peat depths, water table position, and plant species composition.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system consists of a LI-6250 C02 IRGA, sensor head, and

datalogger. The LI-6250 consists of an IRGA, a mass flow meter, and a pump. It can be configured

for either absolute or differential modes of operation by rearranging the external plumbing. The

analyzer was used in absolute mode. The CO2 measurement is based on the difference in intensity of

infrared radiation passing through two gas sampling tubes: a reference tube contains a known amount

of CO2, and a sample tube contains an unknown amount. Infrared radiation is transmitted through both

paths, and the output of the analyzer is proportional to the difference in absorption between the two.

The lead selenide detector is cooled and regulated to -12 °C by a thermoelectric cooler. To keep the

detector housing free of water vapor and CO2, a small bottle of magnesium perchlorate and soda lime

is attached to the detector (LI-COR, Inc.).

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Not applicable.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Manufacturer of LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system:

LI-COR, Inc.

Box 4425

4421 Superior St.

Lincoln, NE 68504 USA

(402) 467-3576

(402) 467-2819 (fax)

Manufacturer of CR10 and CR7 dataloggers:

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

815 W. 1800 N.

Logan, UT 84321-1784 USA

(801) 753-2342

(801) 750-9540 (fax)

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

The IRGA was calibrated against Canadian Atmospheric Environment Services (AES) certified

primary CO2 standards acquired by the BOREAS project. Calibration in absolute mode was

accomplished by flowing 0-ppm CO2 through the analyzer (scrubbing of CO2 with soda lime) and

adjusting the zero potentiometer until the displayed reading was 0 ppm. Then the span was checked by

flowing a known concentration of CO2 through the analyzer and adjusting the span potentiometer until

the displayed reading was correct. An AES standard of 397.3 ppm CO2 was used for the span

calibration. The analyzer was usually within 1-2 ppm of the known concentration. The zero and span

were checked twice during each calibration.

Page 5
4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Nonegiven.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

TheCO2analyzerwascalibratedonadailybasis,everymorningin the Heritage North Museum

lab before going to the field sites. The zero was rechecked and calibrated several times during the day

because it was sensitive to changes in air temperature.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Not applicable.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

NEE was calculated using the change in concentration of CO 2 in the chamber headspace over a

2.5-minute sampling period. The IRGA sampled every 5 seconds and averaged the flux rate every 30

seconds. The CO2 flux for each sampling run was calculated as a mean of the five 30-second sampling

intervals during the 2.5-minute period. The total sampling period was kept very short to minimize the

time the plants were exposed to the chamber environment. Temperature and relative humidity inside the

chamber were monitored closely during each run to make sure that conditions did not change

significantly during the sampling period. For every collar, separate sampling runs were conducted

under full light, 1/2 light, 1/4 light, and dark conditions. Less than full light measurements were

obtained by placing shrouds of different mesh sizes over the chamber. Grab samples of air for

measuring CI-I4 flux were taken during each dark run (see documentation file CH4doc.doc for

BOREAS TGB-01).

Temperature and water level were measured continuously and averaged every hour on the CR10 or

CR7 dataloggers. Manual measurements of air temperature, peat temperature, and water table position

were made at the same time as the NEE measurements.

Plant species composition was recorded in each collar during the height of the growing season in

mid-July 1996. Visual estimates of percent cover of each vascular plant and bryophyte species were

made based on light interception of the canopy of each species. Percent cover of all species totals over

100 percent for each collar because of several layers of vegetation. Specimens for each unknown

species were collected in plant communities outside of the collars and identified in the lab at the

Heritage North Museum, Thompson, Manitoba, or at Dr. Barry Rock's laboratory at Complex

Systems Research Center, UNH, Durham, NH.

6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

6. Observations

Page 6
7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The collars were placed so as to cover the environmental gradients in the TF complex, an area

approximately 6 km2. Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates based on the North Amercian

Datum of 1983 (NAD83) for the major sampling locations are:

Isite NLat SDev WLon

ICollapse Bog (CB) 55°55'4.931" 2.75 98°25'5.294 ''

ICollapse Fen (CF) 55°54'59.959 '' 5.60 98°25'6.109"

IZoltai Fen (ZF) 55°55'5.477 '' 2.07 98°25'26.396 ''

SDev Elev

1.18 217.20

1.90 218.40

1.29 217.10

SDev

3.86

7.62

3.11

Collapse Bog (CB) collars were located in a small, circular collapse scar (75 m diameter) almost

completely surrounded by permafrost peat plateau, behind the generator shed. Three spurs were

located perpendicular to the boardwalk. Spur 1 was adjacent to the moat, or open water lagg area; spur

2 was in a hummock-hollow area; and spur 3 was in the center of the collapse scar. In addition to the

collars in the collapse scar, this subsite had two collars on the palsa (frozen peat plateau) adjacent to the

collapse scar. Collar designations were as follows:

CBlmoat = collapse bog, spur i, moat

CB2hk = collapse bog, spur 2, hummock

CB2hw = collapse bog, spur 2, hollow

CB3hk = collapse bog, spur 3, hummock

CBpalmoss = collapse bog, palsa, moss

Cbpallich : collapse bog, palsa, lichen

Collapse Fen (CF) collars were located in a small, linear collapse feature that was east of and

accessed from the main trail to the tower hut. Four spurs were located perpendicular to the main

boardwalk. Spur 1 was located adjacent to the moat; spur 2 was in a uniform lawn of Sphagnum

riparium; spur 3 was in a small treed ridge; and spur 4 was on the far edge of the collapse scar where

the influence of groundwater was apparent. Collar designations were as follows:

CFlmoat = collapse fen, spur i, moat

CF21wn = collapse fen, spur 2, lawn

CF3hka : collapse fen, spur 3, hummock (a)

CF3hkb : collapse fen, spur 3, hummock (b)

CF4bmoss = collapse fen, spur 4, brown moss

CF4sph = collapse fen, spur 4, sphagnum

Page 7
TowerFen(TF)collarswerelocatedalongtheboardwalkto themicrometeorological towerin the

NSA fen.Fourspurswerelocatedperpendicularto themainboardwalk.Spur1wasjust beyondthe

moatatthebeginningof theboardwalkin atreedareaof tamarack(Larix laricina),spur2 wasin atall

shrubzone(Betulaglandulosa),spur3wasin alow shrubzonejustbeforethehut,andspur4 was

just beyondthehut in amixedlow shrub/sedgezone.Collar designationswereasfollows:

TFlhk = tower fen, spur i, hummock

TF2hk = tower fen, spur 2, hummock

TF2hw = tower fen, spur 2, hollow

TF3hk = tower fen, spur 3, hummock

TF3hw = tower fen, spur 3, hollow

TF4hw = tower fen, spur 4, hollow

Zoltai Fen (ZF) collars were located in a sedge-dominated (Carex spp.) fen area of the peatland

complex, north of the fen tower, and accessed from Rt. 391. Three spurs were located perpendicular

to the main boardwalk. Spur 1 was on a treed ridge; spur 2 was in a shrub-dominated

hummock-hollow area; and spur 3 was in a wet, sedge-dominated area near the edge of a palsa. Collar

designations were as follows:

ZFlhk = zoltai fen, spur i

ZF2hk = zoltai fen, spur 2

ZF2hw = zoltai fen, spur 2

ZF3bmoss = zoltai fen, spur 3

ZF3hw = zoltai fen, spur 3

ZF3hk = zoltai fen, spur 3

hummock

hummock

hollow

brown moss

hollow Sphagnum)

hummock (Sphagnum)

1994 NEE dNa _om Lianne Bellisario:

CBIcLI = collapsed bog, spur i, carpet

CBIcL2 = collapsed bog, spur i, carpet

CBIcL3 = collapsed bog, spur i, carpet

CBIcL4 = collapsed bog, spur i, carpet

CBIcL5 = collapsed bog, spur i, carpet

collar 1

collar 2

collar 3

collar 4

collar 5

CFIcLI = collapse fen, spur i, carpet, collar 1

CFIcL2 = collapse fen, spur i, carpet, collar 2

CFIcL3 = collapse fen, spur i, carpet, collar 3

CFIcL4 = collapse fen, spur i, carpet, collar 4

CFIcL5 = collapse fen, spur i, carpet, collar 5

CF2nLI = collapse fen, spur 2, lawn, collar 1

CF2nL2 = collapse fen, spur 2, lawn, collar 2

CF2nL3 = collapse fen, spur 2, lawn, collar 3

CF2nL4 = collapse fen, spur 2, lawn, collar 4

CF2nL5 = collapse fen, spur 2, lawn, collar 5

TF4wLI = tower fen, spur 4, hollow, collar 1

TF4cL2 = tower fen, spur 4, carpet, collar 2

TF4cL3 = tower fen, spur 4, carpet, collar 3

TF4kL4 = tower fen, spur 4, carpet, collar 4

ZF3cLI = zoltai fen, spur 3, carpet, collar i

ZF3cL2 = zoltai fen, spur 3, carpet, collar 2

ZF3cL3 = zoltai fen, spur 3, carpet, collar 3

ZF3pL4 = zoltai fen, spur 3, pool, collar 4

ZF3pL5 = zoltai fen, spur 3, pool, collar 5

Page 8
7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

None given.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The 24 collars spanned the full range of hydrologic, plant community, and water chemistry

gradients found in the larger peatland complex. They were placed along those gradients at each of the

four subsites to capture the spatial variability in CO2 fluxes.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The chamber NEE measurements were made from 06-June-1994 to 02-September 1994 and

15-April-1996 to 23-October-1996. Associated water table and temperature measurements were

recorded as well but are provided in a separate data set.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The chamber NEE measurements for 15 of the collars were made approximately every 7 days.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

COLLAR ID

DOWN PAR

CO2 FLUX

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE

RESPIRATION

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Page 9
7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

COLLAR ID

DOWN PAR

CO2 FLUX

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE

RESPIRATION

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

A TGB designation for the chamber collar sites,

in the form of A-BBB-##, where A = C or M (Crill

or Moosavi), BBB denotes the site, and possibly

microtopographic designation, and ## is a

sequention collar number.

Incoming photosynthetically active radiation.

Carbon Dioxide flux.

Measured Net Photosynthesis

Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 under dark

conditions.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

COLLAR ID

DOWN PAR

CO2 FLUX

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE

RESPIRATION

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[none]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

Page 10
7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

COLLAR ID

DOWN PAR

CO2 FLUX

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE

RESPIRATION

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Not applicable

Not applicable

Investigator

Investigator

Investigator

LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system

LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system

LI-6200 portable photosynthesis sys

LI-6200 portable photosynthesis sys

Not applicable

Not applicable

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME NSA-FEN-FLXTR NSA-FEN-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE TGB03-FLX01 TGB03-FLXZF None None None None

DATE OBS 06-JUN-94 23-OCT-96 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2200 None None None None

COLLAR ID CB-01 ZF3-hw None None None None

DOWN PAR 0 2068 None None None None

CO2 FLUX -8.53 14.87 None None None None

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE -.05 19.65 None None None Blank

RESPIRATION -8.53 .06 None None None Blank

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 10-FEB-97 21-NOV-97 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

Page 11
not identical data sets into the same data

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

base table

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of sample data records from a selected file on the CD-ROM:

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,COLLAR ID,DOWN PAR, CO2 FLUX,

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE,RESPIRATION, CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'NSA-FEN-FLXTR', 'TGB03-FLXZF',06-JUN-94,0, 'ZF3cLI',325.0, .00131663,,, 'CPI',

10-FEB-97

'NSA-FEN-FLXTR', 'TGB03-FLXZF',06-JUN-94,0, 'ZF3cL3',362.0, .00144591,,, 'CPI',

10-FEB-97

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of orderable data is the NEE measurements, temperatures, water level, and plant

community characterization for a given site on a given day.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

None.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Not applicable.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

Page 12
9.2.1 Processing Steps

C02 (NEE) data were downloaded from the LI-6200 datalogger to laptop computers in the

Heritage North Museum lab every day after returning from the field. The data were entered into

spreadsheets, and the average flux for the 2.5-minute runs were calculated. Ancillary data that were

recorded during the runs and included on the data sheets were number of sample runs, time interval for

calculating flux rate, temperature of the chamber, relative humidity, and chamber volume. Data on leaf

measurements, stomatal conductance, stomatal resistance, etc., were not relevant to this study.

Temperature and water table data from the CR10 and CR7 dataloggers were downloaded every 3-4

days and entered into the spreadsheets at the lab.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

Not applicable.

9.3 Calculations

If -888 is present in the data set, it indicates that a measurement was taken, but was discarded for

some reason. If -999 is present, then no data were taken.

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

Not applicable.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

Not applicable.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None given.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Placing the chamber down with much force can change the pressure inside the chamber to other

than ambient and can affect the mechanisms and processes producing/taking up CO2. (Errors such as

this would have been written down in the lab/field books and these data therefore would have been

edited out.)

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

Not applicable.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Not applicable.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

Page 13
11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

Not applicable.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

Not applicable.

11. Notes

12. Application of the Data Set

The chamber flux data can be used in connection with the tower flux data to determine the CO2

exchange between the atmosphere and the peatland soils. The remote sensing images, the chamber

plant community data, and the chamber NEE data can be used to scale the CO2 fluxes from the plot

scale to wetland landscape.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

Not applicable.

14.2 Software Access

Not applicable.

15. Data Access

The NSA fen NEE data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System

(EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

Page 14
15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Not applicable.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Page 15
Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.RansomD. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None given.

18. Glossary of Terms

AES

ASCII

BOREAS -

BORIS

BP

CB

CD-ROM -

CF

CMDL

DAAC

DCE

DTE

ECD

EOS

EOSDIS -

FID

GC

GIS

GSFC

HTML

IRGA

LI-6200 -

NASA

NEE

NSA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

PAR

SSA

TCD

19. List of Acronyms

Atmospheric Environment Services, Canada

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

BOREAS Information System

Beaver Pond site, NSA

Collapse Bog

Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

Collapse Fen

Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory

Distributed Active Archive Center

Data Communication Equipment

Data Terminal Equipment

Electron Capture Detector

Earth Observing System

EOS Data and Information System

Flame Ionization Detector

Gas Chromatograph

Geographic Information System

Goddard Space Flight Center

HyperText Markup Language

Infrared Gas Analyzer

LI-COR portable photosynthesis system

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2

Northern Study Area

Old Black Spruce

Old Jack Pine

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Prince Albert National Park

Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Southern Study Area

Thermal Conductivity Detector

Page 16
TF

TGB

UNH

URL

YJP

ZF

- Tower Fen

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- University of New Hampshire

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Young Jack Pine site, NSA

- Zoltai Fen

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written:

Last Updated: 11-Jun- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 10-Mar-1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please contact the investigators listed in Section 2.3 and cite any relevant

papers in Section 17.2.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Bubier, J.L., P.M. Crill, and T.R. Moore, "Magnitude and Control of Trace Gas Exchange in

Boreal Ecosystems." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J.

Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A.

Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 17
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB- 1/TGB-3 NEE Data over the NSA Fen

6. AUTHOR(S)

Lianne Bellisario and Tim R. Moore

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 225

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

L. Bellisario: Atmospheric Environment Service; T.R. Moore: McGill University, Montreal, Quebec;

S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-1 and TGB-3 teams collected several data sets that contributed to understanding

the measured trace gas fluxes over sites in the NSA. This data set contains NEE measurements collected with chambers at the NSA fen in 1994 and 1996. Gas samples were extracted approximately

every 7 days from chambers and analyzed at the NSA lab facility. The data are provided in tabular

ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

1'7

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102