NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 209

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 209

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen Tower Flux

and Meteorological Data

Shashi B. Verma and Timothy Arkebauer, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

David Valentine, University of Alaska, Fairbanks

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022738 2018-05-14T18:58:29+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 209

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 209

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen Tower Flux

and Meteorological Data

Shashi B. Verma and Timothy Arkebauer, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

David Valentine, University of Alaska, Fairbanks

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

Shashi B. Verma, Timothy J. Arkebauer, David Valentine

Summary

The BOREAS TF-11 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and methane flux data at the BOREAS

SSA-Fen site during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1995. The data are available in tabular ASCII

files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-11 SSA-Fen Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set includes heat, carbon dioxide, and methane fluxes measured by eddy correlation and

meteorological data all measured at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Southern

Study Area (SSA)-Fen site.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

This overall project has the following research components:

• Quantification of surface exchange rates of methane and carbon dioxide (using the

micrometeorological eddy correlation technique) at a boreal wetland site.

• Evaluation of soil surface carbon dioxide flux and characterization of its response to

controlling variables (such as temperature, water content, and water table depth).

• Experimental quantification of the responses of leaf photosynthesis, plant respiration, and

stomatal conductance of dominant plant species to relevant controlling variables.

• Process studies, which include field experimental manipulations to quantify the degree of

substrate of pH limitations of methane production and oxidation.

Page 1
1.4 Summary of Parameters

The variables measured include latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, carbon dioxide flux, methane

flux, net radiation, incident Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD), incident and reflected solar

radiation, wind speed and direction, soil temperatures, precipitation amount, air temperature, absolute

humidity, vapor pressure deficit, air pressure, and water table height.

1.5 Discussion

In BOREAS, each surface flux site was located in a unique boreal forest ecosystem component in

northern and southern study areas, in an attempt to characterize the boreal forest at both the northern

and southern extremes of its extent. In this study, the surface flux station was deployed in a wetland

environment of the SSA to make measurements of the fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, and the

energy budget components. These fluxes were considered important in characterizing wetlands of the

boreal forest. The surface fluxes were measured using the eddy correlation technique. Supporting

meteorological measurements were also made at this site.

A pilot study was conducted during August-September of 1993. A more extensive study was

conducted from May to October in 1994 and in 1995.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TF- 11 Biomass Data over the SSA-Fen

BOREAS TF-11 CO2 and CH4 Concentration Data from the SSA-Fen

BOREAS TF-11 CO2 and CH4 Flux Data from the SSA-Fen

BOREAS TF-11 Decomposition Data over the SSA-Fen

BOREAS TF- 10 NSA-Fen Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Shashi B. Verma

School of Natural Resource Sciences

University of Nebraska

Dr. Timothy Arkebauer

Department of Agronomy

University of Nebraska

Dr. David Valentine

Dept. of Forest Sciences

University of Alaska

2.2 Title of Investigation

Field Micrometeorological Measurements, Process-Level Studies, and Modeling Of Methane and

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in a Boreal Wetland Ecosystem

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Micrometeorological Data

Dr. Shashi B. Verma

School of Natural Resource Sciences

University of Nebraska

Lincoln, NE 68583-0728

(402) 472-6702

agree009@ unlvm.unl.edu

Page 2
Contact 2:

Andy Suyker

School of Natural Resource Sciences

University of Nebraska

Lincoln, NE 68583-0728

(402) 472-2168

agree018@ unlvm.unl.edu

Contact 3:

K. Fred Huemmrich

University of Maryland

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-4862

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Karl.Huemmrich@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Micrometeorological Flux Measurements

Flux measurements were made using the eddy correlation technique. This technique is well

established and has been used in many previous field studies (e.g., Kanemasu et al., 1979; Businger,

1986; Baldocchi et al., 1988; Verma et al., 1992). The eddy correlation method allows for direct

measurement of vertical turbulent fluxes at a point above the surface. The measurement at this point,

however, represents the integrated effects of a large surface area upwind of the measurement point. In

the eddy correlation method, the flux of a quantity is calculated from the covariance of the fluctuations

of the vertical wind velocity (w) with the fluctuations of the concentration of interest. For example:

Sensible Heat Flux H = rho Cp w'T'

Latent Heat Flux LE = L w'rhov'

Carbon Dioxide Flux Fc = w'rhoc'

Methane Flux Fm = w'rhom'

Momentum Flux tau = rho w'u'

where T is air temperature, rhov is the absolute humidity of water vapor, rhoc is the atmospheric

density of carbon dioxide, rhom is the atmospheric density of methane, u is the horizontal wind

velocity, rho is the density of air, Cp is the specific heat of air at constant pressure, and L is the latent

heat of vaporization. The (') indicates deviation from the mean, and the overbar indicates a time

average.

It is desirable for eddy correlation sensors to be small, aerodynamically smooth, and symmetric

about the horizontal plane of measurement, and to have a fast response time (< 0.1 s). It is also

desirable to have sensors located close together and to have the sensors mounted on an

aerodynamically smooth, rigid platform. The specifications for some of these requirements will depend

on the measurement height. Further theoretical details of the eddy correlation method can be found in

the following references: Kanemasu et al., 1979; Businger, 1986; Baldocchi et al., 1988.

Corrections for inadequate sensor frequency response (Moore, 1986) and air density effects (Webb

et al., 1980) are applied to the eddy correlation measurements.

Page 3
Filling in Missing Eddy Fluxes of CO: and Sensible and Latent Heat

During periods of unacceptable wind direction, low wind speed (at night), or eddy correlation

sensor malfunction, fluxes of CO: and sensible and latent heat were filled in. For missing periods

during daytime, the CO2 flux was filled in using relationships between CO2 flux and incident

photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) established for different temperature/humidity conditions

throughout the season. Nighttime CO: flux was filled in using relationships between CO: flux

(measured on nearby nights during acceptable wind conditions) and soil temperature. Daytime sensible

and latent heat fluxes were estimated using linear relationships between these fluxes (measured on

nearby days under acceptable conditions) with net radiation. Nighttime sensible and latent heat fluxes

were estimated using the data on temperature and humidity gradients, net radiation, and soil heat flux

in the Bowen ratio-energy balance approach. During the nighttime periods where the Bowen ratio was

unacceptable, fluxes were interpolated.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were collected from mid-May through early-October of 1994 and 1995. Over that

time period, temperature conditions ranged from below freezing to over 30 °C.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Eddy Correlation Sensors:

A bracket holding eddy correlation instrumentation was deployed from the side of 3.5-m-high

scaffolding. The scaffolding was mounted on a metal framework base and was guyed. The

instruments were at a height of approximately 4.2 m.

Description of Eddy Correlation Instrumentation:

Longitudinal, lateral, and vertical wind velocity components (u, v, and w) were measured with a

3-D sonic anemometer (15-cm path lengths). Vertical wind velocity fluctuations were also measured

with single-axis sonic anemometers (10- and 20-cm path length). Temperature fluctuations were

measured with fine wire thermocouples (0.0005 in., chromel-constantan). Absolute humidity

fluctuations were measured using an open path Krypton hygrometer. Carbon dioxide density

fluctuations were measured using a closed path, differential infrared spectrometer. Methane

concentration fluctuations were measured using a closed path tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDLS).

Supporting Meteorological Sensors:

Most supporting instrumentation was attached to metal pipes sunk into the peat.

Description of Supporting Meteorological Instrumentation:

Mean air temperatures were measured with platinum resistance temperature devices (RTD) and

thermistors. Mean relative humidities were measured with capacitive polymer H chip humidity

sensors. Mean horizontal wind velocity was measured using a cup anemometer. Soil heat flux/storage

was measured with heat flux transducers and temperature sensors. Soil temperatures were measured

with thermistors. Solar radiation was measured with a pyranometer. Reflected solar radiation was

measured with an inverted pyranometer. PAR was measured with a quantum sensor. Reflected PAR

was measured with an inverted point quantum sensor. Net radiation was measured with a rigid dome

net radiation sensor. Precipitation was measured with electronic recording tipping bucket rain gauges.

Atmospheric pressure was measured with an aneroid barometer. Wind direction was measured with a

wind vane with its null point set to north. The water table was measured using a float/pulley system

where the pulley turned a potentiometer.

Page 4
4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective of the towers and supporting rods was to support the instruments.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Data collected included incoming solar radiation, reflected solar radiation, incoming PAR, net

radiation, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, carbon dioxide flux, methane flux, horizontal wind speed

at 4 m, soil temperature at 20 cm depth, soil temperature at 10 cm depth, air temperature at 4 m,

absolute humidity at 4 m, vapor pressure deficit at 4 m, atmospheric pressure, wind direction,

precipitation, and water table height above a reference hollow surface.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

Both the 1-D and 3-D sonic anemometers determine the wind speed from the difference in travel

times of ultrasonic sound pulses transmitted from opposing ends of the measurement path.

The Krypton hygrometer measures atmospheric humidity by relating it to the amount of radiation

absorbed by the volume of air in the measurement path. The amount of radiation absorbed is related to

the humidity through calibration.

The TDLS CH4 sensor and the closed path H20/C02 measure the concentrations of methane and

water vapor/carbon dioxide as functions of the amount of radiation absorbed in the measurement path.

The amount of radiation absorbed by the constituent in question is determined from the difference in

radiation absorbed from two radiation wave bands, one that is absorbed by the constituent and a

second that is absorbed by reference gas with a known constituent concentration. Calibration with

known concentration gases provides a relationship of sensor output to constituent density.

A fine-wire thermocouple measures temperature fluctuations from the electromotive force (emf)

produced at a chromel-constantan thermocouple junction. The thermocouple is referenced to a junction

whose mean temperature varies with the ambient.

The wind vane is a potentiometer whose output is related to the wind direction.

The thermistors and platinum RTDs used to measure air and peat temperatures relate changes in

resistance to temperature.

Transducers all derive their output from differential thermopiles. The net radiometer relates the

temperature difference of upward and downward facing blackbody surfaces to net radiation. The

pyranometer relates incoming solar radiation to the temperature difference of blackbody and reflective,

upward facing surfaces whose impinging radiation is restricted to shortwave radiation.

Soil heat flux transducers relate soil heat flux to the temperature difference between the top and

bottom sides of a plate that is inserted in the soil and has a thermal conductivity similar to that of the

surrounding soil.

The PAR sensors relate the cosine-corrected voltage output of a silicon photodiode to the radiation

received in the 400- to 700-nm waveband.

The capacitive polymer H chip's voltage output is linearly related to atmospheric relative humidity.

The output is derived from changes caused by water vapor upon a thin film capacitor. A thin, water

vapor permeable membrane filter covers the capacitor for protective purposes.

Both the cup anemometer and tipping bucket rain gauge operate by producing electrical pulses that

are counted and related to the value of the quantity being observed. Both sensors need to be maintained

in a level position.

The barometer translates the expansion of a closed cell due to changes in static atmospheric

pressure to a voltage signal.

Page 5
4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Eddy Correlation Sensors:

The eddy correlation sensors were mounted on a horizontal bar that was mounted on a horizontal,

rotatable plate. The bar was mounted tangentially to the plate and approximately 30 cm from the closest

edge of the plate. The plate was rotatable so that the eddy correlation sensors could be rotated into the

mean wind direction. The plate was set on a bracket that attached to the side of a scaffolding tower.

The bracket allowed the plate to slide closer to the tower for sensor maintenance. With the plate

extended, the sensors were approximately 2.5 m from the tower. It was also possible to level the plate

(and thus the sensors) in its extended position.

The eddy correlation sensors were mounted at a height of 4.2 m. The sensor array contained the

3-D sonic anemometer/thermometer, a fine wire-thermocouple, and intakes for the closed path CH<

and H20/CO2 sensors.

Supporting Meteorological Sensors:

The atmospheric pressure sensor was mounted at a height of 4.2 m. Mean wind speed,

temperature, and relative humidity sensors were mounted on 1 1/4" steel pipes sunk about 2.5 m into

the peat. The wind vane was mounted atop the cup anemometer mast. The radiation sensors (solar

radiation, reflected solar radiation, net radiation, PAR, reflected PAR) were mounted on a cross bar, at

1.9 m above the peat surface. The rain gauges were attached to wooden stakes sunk into the peat. They

were mounted at a height of approximately 1 m. The soil heat flux transducers were installed 0.05 m

beneath the surface. The soil temperature sensors were installed at 0.10 and 0.20 m beneath the

surface.

The access to eddy correlation sensors was via a raised walkway, while the access to most other

sensors was via planks laid on the peat surface.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Micrometeorological Sensors

3-D sonic anemometer/thermometer

Advanced Technologies, Inc.

6395 Gunpark Dr. Unit E

Boulder, CO 80301

(303) 530-4977

Single axis sonic anemometer/thermometer

Kaijo Denki Co., Ltd.

No 19.1 Chrome Kanda-Nishikicho

Chiyoda-Ku

Tokyo 101

Japan

Fine-wire thermocouples

Campbell Scientific

P.O. Box 551

Logan, UT 84321

(801) 753-2342

(801) 752-3268 (fax)

Lyman alpha hygrometer

Atmospheric Instrumentation Research, Inc.

1880 South Flatiron Court

Boulder, CO 80301

(303) 499-1701

(303) 499-1767 (fax)

Page 6
ClosedpathH20/CO 2 sensor

LI-COR, Inc.

4421 Superior Street

P.O. Box 4425

Lincoln, NE 68504

(402) 467-3576

(402) 467-2819 (fax)

Closed path tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDLS) CI-I4 sensor

Unisearch Associates, Inc.

222 Snidercroft Rd.

Concord, Ontario

CANADA

L4K 1B5

(416) 669-2280

(416) 669-5132 (fax)

Platinum RTDs for air temperature

Omega Engineering, Inc.

One Omega Dr.

Box 4047

Stamford, CT 06907-0047

(203) 359-1660

(203) 359-7900 (fax)

Vaisala chemical relative humidity/RTD air temperature sensors

Campbell Scientific

P.O. Box 551

Logan, UT 84321

(801) 753-2342

(801) 752-3268 (fax)

Cup anemometers

Cayuga Development

15 Hickory Circle

Ithaca, NY

(607) 272-8599

Soil heat flux transducers

Radiation & Energy Balance Systems, Inc.

P.O. Box 15512

Seattle, WA 98115-0512

(206) 488-9404

Bead thermistors for soil temperature

Omega Engineering, Inc.

One Omega Dr.

Box 4047

Stamford, CT 06907-0047

(203) 359-1660

(203) 359-7900

Page 7
15-cmplatinumRTDbarsfor soiltemperature

OmegaEngineering,Inc.

OneOmegaDr.

Box 4047

Stamford,CT 06907-0047

(203)359-1660

(203)359-7900(fax)

Pyranometer

TheEppleyLaboratory,Inc.

12ShefieldAve.

P.O.Box 419

Newport,RI 02840

(401)847-1020

(401)847-1031(fax)

PointquantumPAR sensors

LI-COR, Inc.

4421SuperiorStreet

P.O.Box 4425

Lincoln, NE 68504

(402)467-3576

(402)467-2819(fax)

Netradiationsensor

Radiation& EnergyBalanceSystems,Inc.

P.O.Box 15512

Seattle,WA 98115-0512

(206)488-9404

Tippingbucketrain gauges

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

Windvane

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

Staticpressuresensor

AlanBedard

NOAA

Boulder,CO

(303)497-6508

Page8
4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

Eddy Correlation Instrumentation:

I-D sonic anemometer:

3-D sonic anemometer:

Thermocouples:

Lyman alpha hygrometer:

Closed cell H20

Closed cell CO 2

Closed cell CH 4

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Calibrated with dew point generator, RTD

Calibrated with dew point generator, RTD

Field calibration using known standard gases

Field calibration using known standard gases

Supporting Meteorological Instrumentation:

Mean air temperature nickel-iron (NIFe) RTDs: Calibrated in water bath

Mean air temperature thermistors:

Mean relative humidity:

Cup anemometers:

Soil heat flux plates:

Soil temperature bead thermistors

Pyranometer:

PAR quantum sensors:

Net radiation sensors:

Tipping bucket rain gauges:

Wind vane:

Atmospheric pressure sensors:

Water table sensor:

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Calibrated in wind tunnel

Supplied by manufacturer

Calibrated in water bath

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

Supplied by manufacturer

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Eddy correlation instrumentation

I-D sonic anemometer

Path length

Sampling frequency

Data frequency

Accuracy

Resolution

20 cm

20 Hz

i0 Hz

1%

0. 005 m/s

3-D sonic anemometer

Path length

Sampling frequency

Data frequency

Accuracy

Resolution

15 cm

Hz

i0 Hz

0 05 m/s

0 01 m/s

Fine wire thermocouples:

Dimension

Time response

0 0005 in

0.008 s

Page 9
Lyman alpha hygrometer:

Radiation source

Path length

Time response

Accuracy

Resolution

UH2

0.5 cm

2 ms

4 %

2 %

Closed cell H20/CO 2 sensor:

Path length

Sample cell volume

Sample cell pressure

Time response

Sampling frequency

Accuracy

Resolution

15 cm

11.9 cm 3

850 mb

0.06 s

500 Hz

3 ppm

2 ppm

Closed cell CH 4 sensor:

Path length

Sample cell volume

Sample cell pressure

Sampling frequency

Data output frequency

Accuracy

Resolution

53 m

0.4 L

40 Torr

0 .15 gsec

i0 Hz

2 %

15 ppb

Supporting Instrumentation:

Air temperature thermistors:

Linearization error 0.i C

Relative humidity sensors:

Accuracy

Response time

Temperature-induced error

2 %

15 s

0.04 % RH/C

PAR quantum sensors:

Accuracy

Sensitivity

Linearity

5 %

0.005 A/mole/s/m 2

1%

Tipping bucket rain gauges:

Accuracy

Resolution

1%

0.i mm

Sensor specifications are currently unavailable for these sensors:

Air temperature NIFe RTDs

Soil temperature bead thermistors

Pyranometer

Net radiation sensors

Cup anemometers

Soil heat flux plates

Wind vane

Atmospheric pressure sensor

Water table sensor

Page 10
4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Eddy Correlation Instrumentation:

Lyman alpha hygrometer: Calibrated monthly

Krypton hygrometer: Calibrated monthly

Closed cell H20 sensor: Calibrated at beginning

Closed cell CO2 sensor: Calibrated twice daily

Closed cell CH4 sensor: Calibrated twice daily

and end of season

Supporting Meteorological Instrumentation:

Mean air temperature NIFe RTDs: Calibrated

Mean air temperature thermistors: Calibrated

Mean relative humidity: Calibrated

Cup anemometers: Calibrated

Soil heat flux transducers: Calibrated

Soil temp. bead thermistors: Calibrated

Soil temp. platinum RTD: Calibrated

Pyranometer: Calibrated

PAR quantum sensors: Calibrated

Net radiation sensors: Calibrated

Atmospheric pressure : Calibrated

Water table: Calibrated

prior to season

prior to season

by manufacturer

prior to season

by manufacturer

prior to season

prior to season

prior to season

prior to season

prior to season

prior to season

by manufacturer

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

The humidity source used to calibrate the eddy correlation water vapor sensors is a LI-COR LI-620

dew point generator, available from LI-COR, Inc., P.O. Box 4425, Lincoln, NE 68504 (phone

402-467-3576, fax 402-467-2819).

Calibration gases for the eddy correlation CO2 sensors were obtained from Acklands, 1402 Quebec

Ave., Saskatoon, Sask. CANADA, S7K 1V5 (Primary supplier: Linde gas, Alberta, CANADA).

These gases were calibrated against gases of known concentration traceable to the National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO.

Calibration gases for the TDLS CH4 sensor were compressed air obtained from Acklands, 1402

Quebec Ave., Saskatoon, Sask. CANADA, S7K 1V5. The compressed air gases were calibrated

against gases of known concentration obtained from Matheson Gas Products, P.O. Box 96, Joliet, IL

60434.

Cup anemometers were calibrated in the University of Iowa wind tunnel. A pitot tube anemometer

was used as a standard.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Eddy Correlation

Eddy correlation signals were low-pass filtered with 8-pole Butterworth active filters (12.5-Hz

cutoff frequency) and sampled at 25 Hz. These signals were recorded to optical disks. Means,

variances, and covariances were calculated on a half-hourly basis.

Supporting Meteorological Measurements

Signals from the supporting instrumentation were recorded using a Campbell CR21X. Half-hourly

averages of these signals were calculated. The averaged values were retrieved from the CR21X data

loggers using a PC microcomputer.

Page 11
6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

The forest to the east of the fen has been harvested within the past 5 years. However, a band of

forest 50 to several hundred meters wide separates the fen from the harvested area.

The instrumentation platforms are located approximately 50 m west of the eastern edge of the fen.

On the western edge there is a more gradual change from open fen to tamarack to black spruce forest.

The transition from fen to forested land is more abrupt on the eastern edge of this fen.

Within the directions of acceptable fetch, the best fetch is in the west to north directions. In the

south to west directions there are some small stands (strings) of tamarack/black spruce.

Data collection was interrupted from 01- to 20-Jun-1995 because of a nearby forest fire.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All measurements were collected at the SSA-Fen site. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)

coordinates for the site are latitude 53.80206 ° N, longitude 104.61798 ° W, and elevation of 524.7 m

above sea level.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Eddy correlation measurements were made at a height of 4.2 m. For this instrument height, the

measurements apply to a surface "footprint" (Schuepp et al., 1990; Leclerc and Thurtell, 1990)

extending up to about 420 m upwind of the tower, depending upon the meteorological conditions.

Adequate upwind fetch was available only in the south through west to north-northeast directions;

other directions were inhabited by forest.

7.1.4 Projection

None.

7.1.5 Grid Description

None.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Data were collected during the periods:

• 23-Aug to 11-Sep-1993

• 18-May to 07-Oct-1994

• 18-May to 09-Oct-1995

Note: Data collection was interrupted from 01- to 20-Jun-1995 because of a nearby forest fire.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

Page 12
7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The values are half-hour averages except for rainfall, which is a half-hour total.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

ABS HUM ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS DEFICIT ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

WATER TABLE HGT

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

Page 13
DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

ABS HUH ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS DEFICIT ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

WATER TABLE HGT

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

data collection.

The sensible heat flux measured above the canopy.

The sensible heat flux measured above the canopy.

Data on calm nights have been adjusted. Gaps in

the eddy flux measurements have been filled in

using regression equations of eddy flux against

meteorological variables.

The latent heat flux measured above the canopy.

The latent heat flux measured above the canopy.

Data on calm nights has been adjusted. Gaps in

the eddy flux measurements have been filled in

using regression equations of eddy flux against

meteorological variables.

The net radiation measured above the canopy.

The carbon dioxide flux measured above the

canopy.

The carbon dioxide flux measured above the

canopy.

Data on calm nights have been adjusted. Gaps in

the eddy flux measurements have been filled in

using regression equations of eddy flux against

meteorological variables.

The downward (incoming) photosynthetic photon

flux density measured above the canopy.

The direction from which the wind is blowing

(increasing in a clockwise direction from the

North) and measured above the canopy.

The wind speed measured above the canopy.

The air temperature measured above the canopy.

Soil temperature at i0 cm depth.

Soil temperature at 20 cm depth.

The amount of rainfall measured above the canopy

in the 30 minute period following the time of

observation.

The downward (incoming) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The reflected (outgoing) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The absolute humidity measured above the canopy.

The vapor pressure deficit measured above the

canopy.

The atmospheric pressure measured at the station.

Water table height above a reference surface.

The methane flux measured above the canopy.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

Page 14
7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

ABS HUM ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS DEFICIT ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

WATER TABLE HGT

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[degrees]

[meters] [second^-l]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[millimeters]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[grams] [meter^-3]

[kiloPascals]

[kiloPascals]

[millimeters]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[fine wire thermocouple]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Krypton hygrometer]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[rigid dome net radiation sensor]

[differential infrared spectrometer]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[quantum sensor]

[wind vane]

[cup anemometer]

[platinum resistance temperature device]

Page 15
SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

ABS HUM ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS DEFICIT ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

WATER TABLE HGT

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[thermistor]

[thermistor]

[tipping bucket rain gauge]

[pyranometer]

[pyranometer]

[humidity sensor]

[humidity sensor]

[aneroid barometer]

[float/pulley system]

[closed path tunable diode laser spectrometer]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the p_ameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-FEN-FLXTR SSA-FEN-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TFII-FLX01 9TFII-FLX01 None None None None

DATE OBS 19-MAY-94 09-OCT-95 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2330 None None None None

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX -93 281 -999 None None None

ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT -93 281 -999 None None None

FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV -32

m m m

CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT

FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV

CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV

CNPY

ABS HUM ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS DEFICIT

ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

WATER TABLE HGT

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

-61

-84

-15.9

-19.1

-3

0

0

-5.6

3.3

-i .55

0

-i0

-4

2.14

0

92.63

5O

-.02465

CPI

09-OCT-98

442 -999 None None None

442 -999 None None None

696 -999 None None None

7.7 -999 None None None

7.7 -999 None None None

1953 -999 None None None

360 -999 None None None

7.22 -999 None None None

32.6 -999 None None None

24.26 -999 None None None

20.03 -999 None None None

9.91 -999 None None None

895 -999 None None None

179 -999 None None None

22 31

42 4

97 84

303

.53177

CPI

09-OCT-98

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

None None None None

None None None None

Page 16
Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX, LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX,

NET RAD ABV CNPY,CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY,CALC CO2 FLUX,DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY,

WIND DIR ABV CNPY,WIND SPEED ABV CNPY,AIR TEMP ABV CNPY, SOIL TEMP 10CM,

SOIL TEMP 20CM, RAINFALL,DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY,UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY,

ABS HUM ABV CNPY,VAPOR PRESS DEFICIT ABV CNPY, SURF PRESS,WATER TABLE HGT,

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-FLX01',01-AUG-94 0,-999.0,11.0,-999.0 120.0,157 0,-999.0,

-2.7,510.0,168.0,1.39,26.99,21.91,19.37 0.0,234.0,33.0,17.42 1.49,95.7 213,

-999.0, 'CPI',09-OCT-98

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-FLX01',01-AUG-94 30,-999.0,0.0,-999.0 99.0,89.0 -999.0,

-2.0,353.0,159.0,1.3,27.13,21.96,19.41,0.0,164.0,26.0,17.68,1.54,95.7,213,

-999.0, 'CPI',09-OCT-98

Page 17
8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was data collected

at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

Voltage to Signal Conversion Formulae

All sensors except Krypton hygrometer: X = a + b*V

Krypton hygrometer: X = a + b*ln(V)

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

Eddy Correlation Data

• Convert voltages to variables (e.g., temperature, velocity) using calibration equations.

• High pass filter the signals to remove low-frequency noise.

• Calculate means, standard deviations, and covariances.

• Calculate cospectral values.

• Make adjustments to values as appropriate (see Section 9.3).

Supporting Meteorological Data

• Convert voltages to variables (e.g., temperature, velocity) using calibration equations.

• Calculate means.

• Make adjustments to values as appropriate (see Section 9.3).

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

Page 18
9.3 Calculations

Eddy Correlation Flux Calculation

Sums of squares and sums of products of signals are calculated during a half-hour run. From these

values, variances and covariances can be calculated. In the eddy correlation method, the flux of a

quantity is calculated from the covariance of the fluctuations of the vertical wind velocity (w) with the

fluctuations of the concentration of interest. For example:

Sensible Heat Flux H = rho Cp w'T'

Latent Heat Flux LE = L w'rhov'

Carbon Dioxide Flux Fc = w'rhoc'

Methane Flux Fm = w'rhom'

Momentum Flux tau = rho w'u'

where T is air temperature, rhov is the absolute density of water vapor, rhoc is the absolute density of

carbon dioxide, rhom is the absolute density of methane, u is the horizontal wind velocity, rho is the

density of air, Cp is the specific heat of air at constant pressure, and L is the latent heat of vaporization.

The (') indicates deviation from the mean, and the overbar indicates a time average.

Adjustments to Results

Frequency Response Correction: A correction is needed to adjust for inadequate frequency

response. This correction was applied in a manner similar to that given in Moore (1986).

Correction for Nonspecific Sensor Absorption: The closed path CO2 sensor has a slight response

to water vapor. This adjustment is made based on information supplied by the manufacturer.

Correction for Air Density Effects: Generally, corrections are made to the fluxes of gases, such as

CO2 and CH4, for the effect of water vapor and temperature on the density of the air being sampled.

The use of insulated, metal intake tubing for closed path sensors helped remove most of the

temperature fluctuations. For the signals from the closed path CO2 and CH4 sensors, adjustments were

made for density fluctuations caused by fluctuating water vapor concentrations. Signals from the open

path water vapor sensor were adjusted for density fluctuations caused by fluctuating temperature.

These corrections are made following a procedure given in Webb et al. (1980).

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

Page 19
10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Electronic Noise

Although all sensors were subject to small amounts of high frequency electronic noise, most of this

was removed from eddy correlation sensor signals by the low-pass filters prior to recording the raw

data. Sensors with noise in lower frequency regions (e.g., occasional spiking) were repaired/adjusted

and their data were generally removed from the data set. It is possible that such noise may occasionally

be present in some of the data.

Calibration Drift

The CO2, CH4, and H20 sensors may have been subject to some calibration drift. These sensors

were calibrated and linear interpolations were used in data processing.

Dew/Wetness

Dew or rain caused aberrant signals in some sensors (net radiometers, PAR quantum sensors,

Lyman-alpha hygrometer, sonic anemometers, and fine wire thermocouples). Generally, heavy dew or

rain would cause complete deterioration of these signals. Periods during which dew or rain occurred

were noted and used in the quality control of data.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

A field log book was kept, in which occurrences that may have affected results were recorded.

These notes were later scrutinized and converted to a numerical format that could be incorporated into

the data set and used in quality control of the data. Comparison of results from alternate sensors (or

alternate methods) was also employed in determining the quality of results.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

The data set is of generally good quality.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

SOLAR RAD IN i 1 %

PAR IN i 7 %

R NET i 4 to 7 %

LE FLUX MEASURED i 15 %

H FLUX MEASURED i 15 %

CO2 FLUX MEASURED i 0.01 _mol/m2/s

CH4 FLUX i 0.4 mg/m2/h

HORIZ WIND SPEED 4M i 0.2 m/s

SOIL TEMP -20CM i 0.1 °C

SOIL TEMP -10CM i 0.1 °C

AIR TEMP 4M i 0 .1 °C

VAP PRESS DEF 4M i 0.1 kPa

WATER TABLE i 0.005 m

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined to check for spikes, values that are four standard deviations from the mean,

long periods of constant values, and missing data.

Page 20
11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

There are no known limitations in these data.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

See Section 10.1.

11.3 Usage Guidance

Errors in the micrometeorological data set are indicated by the value -999.00.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

These data are useful for the study of water, energy, and carbon exchange in boreal wetlands.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The SSA-Fen tower flux and meteorological data are available from the Earth Observing System Data

and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active

Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

Page 21
15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Report

Baldocchi, D.D., B.B. Hicks, and T.P. Meyers. 1988. Measuring biosphere-atmosphere exchanges

of biologically related gases with micrometeorological methods. Ecology, 69:1331-1340.

Businger, J.A. 1986. Evaluation of the accuracy with which dry deposition can be measured with

current micrometeorological techniques. J. Clim. and Appl. Meteorol. 25:1100-1124.

Kanemasu, E.T., M.L. Wesely, B.B. Hicks, and J.L. Heilman. 1979. Techniques for calculating

energy and mass fluxes. In: Modification of the Environment of Crops. B.L. Barfield and J.F.

Gerber, (eds.), Amer. Soc. of Agri. Eng. St. Joseph,. MO. p. 156-182.

Leclerc, M.Y. and G.W. Thurtell. 1990. Footprint prediction of scalar fluxes using a Markovian

analysis. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 52:247-258.

Moore, C.J. 1986. Frequency Response Corrections for Eddy Correlation Systems. Boundary-Layer

Meteorology. 37:17-35.

Page 22
Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,

A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.2000.CollectedDataof The

BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.

Schuepp,P.H.,M.Y. Leclerc,J.I. MacPherson,andR.L. Desjardins.1990.Footprintpredictionof

scalarfluxesfrom analyticalsolutionsof thediffusionequation.BoundaryLayerMeteorology

50:355-373.

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1994.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1994-3.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 94).

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1996-2.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1994

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC94).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.Ranson,D. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Suyker,A.E.,S.B.Verma,andT.J.Arkebauer.1997.Season-longmeasurementof carbondioxide

exchangein aborealfen.Journalof GeophysicalResearch102(D24):29,021-29,028.

Verma,S.B.,F.G.Ullman, D. Billesback,R.J.Clement,J.Kim, andE.S.Verry. 1992.Eddy

correlationmeasurementsof methaneflux in anorthernpeatlandecosystem.BoundaryLayer

Meteorology58:289-304.

Webb,E.K., G.I.Pearman,andR. Leuning. 1980.Correctionof flux measurementsfor density

effectsdueto heatandwatervapourtransfer.Quart.J.Roy.Meteorol.Soc.106:85-100.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 23
19. List of Acronyms

AES

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

CGR

Cp

CPI

- Atmospheric Environment Services

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk - Read-Only Memory

- Certified by Group

- Specific heat of air at constant pressure

- Certified by PI

CPI-??? - Certified but questionable

DAAC

e

emf

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

NASA

NOAA

NSA

ORNL

P

PANP

PAR

PPB

PPFD

PRE

rho

Rhom

RTD

SSA

T

TDLS

TF

URL

z

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Air vapor pressure

- electromotive force

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Atmospheric pressure

- Prince Albert National Park

- Photosynthetically Active Radiation

- Parts per billion

- Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

- Preliminary

- Air density

- Absolute Atmospheric density of methane

- Resistance Temperature Device

- Southern Study Area

- Air temperature

- Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer

- Tower Flux

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Height or depth

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 01-Oct- 1997

Last Updated: 24-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 03-Dec-1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

Page 24
20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

Micrometeorological data were collected by Dr. Shashi B. Verma and his colleagues of the

University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Verma, S.B., T. Arkebauer, and D. Valentine, "Field Micrometeorological Measurements,

Process-Level Studies, and Modeling Of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in a Boreal Wetland

Ecosystem." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D.

Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D.

Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 25
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

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gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF- 11 SSA-Fen Tower Flux and Meteorological Data 923

6. AUTHOR(S) RTOP: 923-462-33-01

Shashi B. Verma, Timothy Arkebauer, and David Valentine

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 209

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

S.B. Verma and T. Arkebauer: Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln; D. Valentine: Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks;

K. Huemmrich: Univ. of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-11 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and methane flux data at the BOREAS

SSA-Fen site during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1995. The data are available in tabular ASCII

files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

25

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102