NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 205

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 205

BOREAS TF-9 SSA-OBS

Branch Level Flux Data

Mark. B. Rayment and Paul G. Jarvis

University of Edinburgh, UK

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022496 2018-05-15T06:39:50+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 205

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 205

BOREAS TF-9 SSA-OBS

Branch Level Flux Data

Mark. B. Rayment and Paul G. Jarvis

University of Edinburgh, UK

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-9 SSA-OBS Branch Level Flux Data

Mark B. Rayment, Paul G. Jarvis

Summary

The BOREAS TF-9 team collected data that describe carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes from

foliage at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site from 07-April through 23-November-1996. The data are

available in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-09 SSA-OBS Branch Level Flux Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

A system of large cuvettes was used to measure whole branch CO2 and H20 vapor exchange of

four black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill] BSP) branches at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

(BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA) Old Black Spruce (OBS) site.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The objective of this study was to measure and model the CO2 exchanges of boreal black spruce

forest branches over the course of an entire growing season. These measurements will be used to

parameterize models and to assist scaling up procedures from leaf level to stand level (eddy covariance)

measurements.

1.4 Summary of Parameters and Variables

Measurements include CO2 and H20 fluxes, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), air and

leaf temperatures, relative humidity, air humidity deficit, and CO2 concentration.

Page 1
1.5 Discussion

Thebranchbagsconsistedof two 5-ram-thickacrylicendpieces,ovalin shape(600-rammajor

axis,300-ramminor axis,0.14-m2area),separatedby five thin (5-ramdiameter)stainlesssteelrods.

Oneendwasmadesuchthatit couldslideupor downtherodsin orderto adjustthebaglengthto suit

theindividualbranch.An ovaloidshapewaschosento minimizedeadvolumewithin thebag,to

minimizethebag'ssurfaceareato volumeratio(minimizinganyadsorption/desorptioneffects),to

minimizeattenuationof incominglight,andfor aestheticreasons.Thebagitselfwaseffectedby

coveringthestructurewith polypropylenefilm (ICI Propafilm,34-ramthickness,ICI PLC,London)

andsealingalongtheedgeof theendpiecewith siliconesealant.Thebottomof thebagwasleft

unsealedto allowplacementof thebaguponthebranch;afterward,it andthebranchentrypoint were

sealedin a similarfashion.A 12-voltelectricfan (RS583-050,RSComponentsLtd.,Northants)was

mountedatthetrunkendof eachbag,andblewairat ahighflow rate(40dmUs,approximately18to

26air changesrain-1)throughthebagvialargeshroudedinlet andoutletports.Whenagasexchange

measurementwastobemade,theventilationfanwasswitchedoff',thinflapvalvesdroppedoverthe

inlet andoutletandwereshutfightwith smallelectromagnets, andaninternalcirculatingfanwas

switchedon.Air wascirculated(5dmUmin)atall timesbetweenall bagsandthebox containingthe

infraredgasanalyzer(IRGA) andcontrol systemthroughloopsof tubing(5-rami.d. Dekabon,Furon,

Gembioux,Belgium),andatmeasurementtimeasmallamountof air(0.2dmUmin)wasdivertedfrom

theappropriateloopto theIRGA (LI-6262,LI-COR,Inc.,Lincoln,NE) operatingin absolutemode.

Within eachbag,relativehumidityandairtemperatureweremeasured(VaisalaHMB 30A,Vaisala

(UK) Ltd., Cambridge),aswasleaftemperature(thinCu-Conthermocouplereferencedto theair

temperaturesensor)and,for aperiod,baginternalvs.externaltemperature(Cu-Conthermocouple).

Light incidentuponeachbranchwasmeasuredwith aMacamlight sensor(MacamSD101QV,Macam,

Livingstone)mounteddirectlyontothebranch,midwayalongits length.Sensoroutputswererecorded

throughaCampbellAM416 multiplexerto aCampbellCR21Xdatalogger(CampbellScientific,Ltd.,

Shepshed,Leics.),whichalsoinitiatedthemeasurementsequence.

Eachbagwasclosedfor 5 minutesin turn,duringwhichtimethesensorswerereadevery20

seconds;thus,eachbagwasmeasuredevery20minutes.Gasexchangewascalculatedfrom theslope

of theregressionof gasconcentrationupontime(excludingthereadingsfrom theinitial 40sfor CO2

andtheinitial 80sfor H20 vapor in order to ensure that the IRGA was entirely flushed of the previous

sample) and the volume of the system (106.3, 134.3, 91.9, and 106.3 din3 for bags 1 to 4,

respectively). The air sample bleed to the IRGA during the measurement period was negligible (N1

din3) compared to the bag volume and was ignored in calculations. All bags were leak tested by

shading the branch to its light compensation point, blowing into the bag to create a high

internal/external concentration differential, closing the inlet and outlet ports, and monitoring bag

concentration over a period of time.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TF-09 SSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

BOREAS TE-10 Leaf Gas Exchange Data

BOREAS TE- 11 Leaf Gas Exchange Measurements

BOREAS TE-12 Leaf Gas Exchange Data

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Mr. Mark B. Rayment and Prof. Paul G. Jarvis

Institute of Ecology and Resource Management

University of Edinburgh UK

2.2 Title of Investigation

The CO 2 Exchanges of Boreal Black Spruce Forest

Page 2
2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Mr. Mark B. Rayment

Institute of Ecology and Resource Management

University of Edinburgh

Darwin Building

King's Buildings

Edinburgh EH9 3JU

UK

+131 650 5423

+131 662 0478 (fax)

M.Rayment@ed.ac.uk

Contact 2:

K. Fred Huemmrich

University of Maryland

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-4862

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Karl.Huemmrich@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

The net carbon uptake of a tree depends on the assimilation of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis in the

leaves and the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from respiratory processes in the leaves and woody

tissues of the tree. Transpiration of water occurs mainly from the foliage. Enclosures surrounding

branches remain open for the majority of the time and are periodically closed, at which time the rate of

change of gas concentration allows calculation of an integrated measure of the net exchange of gases

between the branch and the atmosphere.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were collected from early April through late November; temperatures ranged from

below freezing to over 30 °C during that period.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

The branch bags surrounded individual spruce branches. The bags were supported in position by

elastic ropes attached to the trunk above the bag and, where necessary, to a support projecting from the

canopy access tower. This arrangement allowed the bags to move freely as the trees and branches

moved with the wind. Each of the bags was positioned on a south-facing branch to minimize shading

by the tower. The bags could be reached from the canopy access tower, made of 5- by 9-foot

scaffolding.

Page 3
Instruments:

• Gasconcentration:IRGA LI-6262(LI-COR, Inc.,Lincoln,NE) operatingin absolutemode.

• Relativehumidityandairtemperature:VaisalaHMB 30A(Vaisala(UK) Ltd., Cambridge).

• Leaftemperature:thinCu-Conthermocouplereferencedtotheairtemperaturesensor.

• IncidentPPFD:MacamSD101QVlight sensormounteddirectlyontothebranch,midway

alongits length.

• Logger:CampbellAM416multiplexerandCampbellCR21Xdatalogger.

• Tubing: 5-mmi.d. Dekabon.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective was to measure branch-scale CO2 and water vapor fluxes and related environmental

variables in black spruce at the southern edge of the boreal forest.

4.1.4 Key Variables

CO2 and water vapor fluxes. Supporting meteorological variables: PPFD, air temperature, leaf

temperature, CO2, and water vapor concentration.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The LI-COR LI-6262 IRGA is a closed-path instrument with reference and sample cells with an

infrared source at one end and a detector at the other. Different gases absorb infrared of different

frequencies, and filters are used to select a narrow band that corresponds to an absorption band of the

gas of interest. The LI-6262 measures CO2 and H20 concentrations. A gas of known concentration is

passed through a reference cell, and the gas whose concentration is to be measured is passed through

the sample cell. The amount of infrared reaching the detector in each cell is a function of the gas

concentration in the cell. The difference in voltage produced by the detectors of the reference and

sample cells is then a function of the difference in concentration of the gas in the cells. Other sensors

were common meteorological sensors used in a standard fashion. For principles of operations of these

sensors, please see a relevant textbook; e.g., Pearcy et al. (1991).

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Two branch bags were installed on each of two trees at the SSA-OBS site in early April 1996. Two

bags were positioned in the upper canopy (at 7.85 m above the ground for branch number 1 and 8.25

m for branch number 3) and two in the lower canopy (at 5.22 m for branch number 2 and 5.48 m for

branch number 4); the trees' diameters at breast height (DBH) were 10 cm and 9 cm. The bags were

supported in position by elastic ropes attached to the trunk above the bag and, where necessary, to a

support projecting from the canopy access tower. This arrangement allowed the bags to move freely as

the trees and branches moved with the wind. Each of the bags was positioned on a south-facing branch

to minimize shading by the tower. Humidity, air and leaf temperatures, and PPFD were measured

within the bag, close to or in contact with the leaves. Gas concentration was measured on a sample of

air circulated between the bag and the IRGA. The IRGA was positioned in an insulated box mounted

on the canopy access tower.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Instrument

LI-COR LI-6262

P.O. Box 4425/4421

Superior Street

Lincoln, NE 68504

USA

Vaisala HMB 30A

Vaisala (UK) Ltd.

Cambridge

UK

Page 4
MacamSD101QVlight sensor

Macam

Livingstone

UK

CampbellAM416 multiplexerandCampbellCR21Xdatalogger

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

USA

Dekabontubing

J.P.Deane& Co.Ltd.

91,OrmondeCrescent

GlasgowG443SW

UK

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

The LI-6262: The output linearization of this instrument was calibrated by the manufacturer and

was last performed in July 1993. The field calibration fixes the lower and upper ends of the

linearization function and is carried out by passing CO2 and water vapor free air through the reference

cell (the instrument is used in the absolute mode) and setting the CO2 and water vapor channels to

zero. The upper point is set by passing dry air of known CO2 or of known water vapor concentration

through the sample cell and adjusting the appropriate channel to read the correct value. CO2 standard

gases were cross-referenced to the BOREAS primary standards, and a LI-COR LI-610 dewpoint

generator was used to produce air of known water vapor density.

The Vaisala temperature and humidity probes either were bought new or were returned to the

manufacturer for calibration immediately prior to installation.

The Macam PPFD sensors were purchased new immediately prior to installation, and the

manufacturer's calibration factors were used.

All bags were leak tested by shading the branch to its light compensation point, blowing into the

bag to create a high internal/external concentration differential, closing the inlet and outlet ports, and

monitoring bag concentration over a period of time.

The LI-6262 was usually calibrated every 4 to 7 days. Typical CO2 drift was 1-ppm drift in span

and offset. Typical drift for the water vapor was 0.1 kPa in span and offset.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibrations

The LI-6262 was usually calibrated every 4 to 7 days.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None.

Page 5
5. Data Acquisition Methods

When a gas exchange measurement was to be made, the ventilation fan was switched off', thin flap

valves dropped over the inlet and outlet and were shut fight with small electromagnets, and an internal

circulating fan was switched on. Air was circulated (5 dmUmin) at all times between all bags and the

box containing the IRGA and control system through loops of tubing, and at measurement time a small

amount of air (0.2 dmUmin) was diverted from the appropriate loop to the IRGA operating in absolute

mode. Within each bag, relative humidity and air temperature were measured, as was leaf temperature

and, for a period, bag internal vs. external temperature. Light incident upon each branch was measured

with a Macam light sensor mounted directly onto the branch, midway along its length.

Each bag was closed for 5 minutes in turn, during which time the sensors were read every 20

seconds; thus, each bag was measured every 20 minutes. Gas exchange was calculated from the slope

of the regression of gas concentration upon time (excluding the readings from the initial 40 s for CO2

and the initial 80 s for H20 vapor in order to ensure that the IRGA was entirely flushed of the previous

sample) and the volume of the system (106.3, 134.3, 91.9, and 106.3 din3 for bags 1 to 4,

respectively). The air sample bleed to the IRGA during the measurement period was negligible (N1

din3) compared to the bag volume and was ignored in calculations.

A Campbell Scientific 21x data logger was used to log the data together with a Campbell AM416

multiplexer. The raw signal from each sensor was converted into the appropriate units in the data

logger program. The data logger also initiated the measurement sequence.

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

Values given are on a PROJECTED leaf area basis; that is, values should be adjusted by a shape

factor to express rates on a total surface or hemisurface area basis. For black spruce, hemisurface area

was last reported to be 1.27 x projected area; i.e., these rates would be divided by 1.27 to given rates

on a hemisurface area basis.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7. Data Description

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All data were collected at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)

coordinates for this site are latitude 53.98717 ° N, longitude 105.11779 ° W, and elevation of 628.94 m.

Branches had total projected needle areas of 3115, 2014, 1657, and 2342 cruZ, for chambers one

through 4, respectively.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

None.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The values are point measurements from trees near the locations given in Section 7.1.1.

7.1.4 Projection

None.

Page 6
7.1.5 Grid Description

None.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The data were collected from 06-April to 22-November-1996. Data were collected continuously

with gaps between 18- and 26-June and 03- and 07-July.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

All data were collected at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Each observation took 5 minutes to complete data collection cycled through each of the four bags

so that observations of any given bag occur every 20 minutes.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER NUM

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

H20 FLUX CHAMBER

DOWN PPFD CHAMBER

AIR TEMP CHAMBER

LEAF TEMP CHAMBER

AIR HUM DEFICIT CHAMBER

REL HUM CHAMBER

CO2 CONC CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

SUB SITE The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

Page 7
DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER NUM

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

H20 FLUX CHAMBER

DOWN PPFD CHAMBER

AIR TEHP CHAHBER

LEAF TEMP CHAMBER

AIR HUM DEFICIT CHAMBER

REL HUM CHAMBER

CO2 CONC CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

data collection.

Identification number of chamber.

The chamber CO2 flux.

The water vapor flux measured in the chamber.

The incoming photosynthetic photon flux density

measured in the chamber.

The temperature of the air in the chamber.

The temperature of leaves in the chamber.

The air humidity deficit measured in the chamber

The relative humidity of the air in the chamber.

The CO2 concentration in the chamber.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER NUM

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

H20 FLUX CHAMBER

DOWN PPFD CHAMBER

AIR TEMP CHAMBER

LEAF TEMP CHAMBER

AIR HUM DEFICIT CHAMBER

REL HUM CHAMBER

CO2 CONC CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[unitless]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[millimoles] [meters^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meters^-2] [second^-l]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[parts per thousand]

[percent]

[parts per million]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER NUM

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

Page 8
CO2 FLUX CHAMBER

H20 FLUX CHAMBER

DOWN PPFD CHAMBER

AIR TEMP CHAMBER

LEAF TEMP CHAMBER

AIR HUM DEFICIT CHAMBER

REL HUM CHAMBER

CO2 CONC CHAMBER

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[LI-COR LI-6262 IRGA]

[LI-COR LI-6262 IRGA]

[Macam SDI01QV light sensor]

[Vaisala temperature and humidity probes]

[Cu-Con thermocouple]

[Vaisala temperature and humidity probes]

[Vaisala temperature and humidity probes]

[LI-COR LI-6262 IRGA]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the p_ameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-OBS-FLXTR SSA-OBS-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF09-FLX02 9TF09-FLX02 None None None None

DATE OBS 07-APR-96 23-NOV-96 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2355 None None None None

CHAMBER NUM 1 4 None None None None

CO2 FLUX CHAMBER -5.95 1.57 None None None None

H20 FLUX CHAMBER -.16 2 None None None None

DOWN PPFD CHAMBER 0 1838 None None None Blank

AIR TEMP CHAMBER -33.8 47.8 None None None None

LEAF TEMP CHAMBER -34.5 48.7 None None None None

AIR HUM DEFICIT -1.33 77.41 None None None Blank

CHAMBER

REL HUM CHAMBER 0 111.5 None None None None

CO2 CONC CHAMBER 133 661 None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 02-SEP-98 02-SEP-98 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

Page 9
but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,CHAMBER NUM, CO2 FLUX CHAMBER,

H20 FLUX CHAMBER, DOWN PPFD CHAMBER, AIR TEMP CHAMBER, LEAF TEMP CHAMBER,

AIR HUM DEFICIT CHAMBER, REL HUM CHAMBER, CO2 CONC CHAMBER, CRTFCN CODE,

REVISION DATE

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TF09-FLX02',01-JUN-96,0,1,-3.13, .001,902.0,27.5,28.3,15.34,

63.41,352.0, 'CPI',02-SEP-98

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TF09-FLX02',01-JUN-96,5,2,-3.94,-.001,1299.0,26.4,26.4,9.44,

78.93,314.0, 'CPI',02-SEP-98

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was data collected

at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

None.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

A linear fit was made between the gas concentrations and time; data were rejected if the sum of the

squares of the residuals was less than 0.9 and the calculated flux was nonzero.

Page 10
9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORISstaffprocessedthesedataby:

• Reviewingtheinitial datafilesandloadingthemonlinefor BOREASteamaccess.

• Designingrelationaldatabasetablesto inventoryandstorethedata.

• Loadingthedataintotherelationaldatabasetables.

• Workingwith theteamto documenthedataset.

• Extractingthedataintologicalfiles.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

Flux calculations: flux = (concentration change * molar volume)/(time interval * leaf area)

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Major sources of error include sensor drift, measurement of branch bag volume, and measurement

of leaf area.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined to check for spikes, values that are four standard deviations from the mean,

long periods of constant values, and missing data.

Page 11
11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

Potential users of these data should be aware of the limitations of gas exchange as a means of

investigating photosynthesis and of the implications of these measurements having been made on

entire, enclosed branches.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

All known bad data have been removed from the files.

11.3 Usage Guidance

Potential users of these data should be aware of the limitations of gas exchange as a means of

investigating photosynthesis and of the implications of these measurements having been made on

entire, enclosed branches. They should also be aware that these data have been submitted to BORIS

out of courtesy rather than contractual obligation and should therefore seek the permission of the

investigators before publishing analyses derived from them. These data remain the property of the

University of Edinburgh and of the UK Natural Environment Research Council.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

This data set is useful for the examination of effects of environmental variables on photosynthesis and

transpiration at the scale of individual branches.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

Although these data represent the most recent data set, believed to be error free, some data might, in

the future, be found to be in error.

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

The logger program was written with Campbell PC208. Flux and humidity-based calculations and

initial screening of the data were carried out with a program written in Microsoft Visual Basic. Final

data screening was carried out in Statistical Analysis System (SAS).

14.2 Software Access

None given.

Page 12
15. Data Access

The SSA-OBS branch-level flux data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and

Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 13
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Pearcy, R.W., J. Ehleringer, H.A. Mooney, and P.W. Rundel. 1991. Plant Physiological Ecology:

Field methods and instrumentation. Chapman and Hall, London and New York.

Rayment, M.B. 1998. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Edinburgh.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 14
ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

DBH

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

IRGA

NASA

NSA

OBS

ORNL

PANP

PPFD

SAS

SSA

TE

TF

URL

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Diameter at Breast Height

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- Infra-Red Gas Analyzer

- National Aeronautics and Space

- Northern Study Area

- Old Black Spruce

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

- Statistical Analysis System

- Southern Study Area

- Terrestrial Ecology

- Tower Flux

- Uniform Resource Locator

Interchange

Administration

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 25-Jun- 1997

Revised: 10-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 23-Jul- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

M.B. Rayment and P.G. Jarvis, Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, Edinburgh

University.

Users of these data should be aware that these data have been submitted to BORIS out of courtesy

rather than contractual obligation and should therefore seek the permission of the investigators before

publishing analyses derived from them. These data remain the property of the University of Edinburgh

and of the UK Natural Environment Research Council.

Page 15
If usingdatafromtheBOREASCD-ROM series,alsoreferencethedataas:

Rayment,M.B andP.G.Jarvis,"The CO2Exchangesof BorealBlackSpruceForest."In

CollectedDataof TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.Eds.J.Newcomer,D. Landis,S.

Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D.Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.

Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP. Sellers.CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also,citetheBOREASCD-ROMsetas:

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.CollectedDataof

TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 16
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-9 SSA-OBS Branch Level Flux

6. AUTHOR(S)

Mark B. Rayment and Paul G. Jarvis

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 205

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

M.B. Rayment and P.G. Jarvis: University of Edinburgh, UK;

K. Huemmrich: University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-9 team collected data that describe carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes from

foliage at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site from 07-April through 23-November-1996. The data are

available in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

16

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

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