NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 202

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 202

BOREAS TF-7 SSA-OBS Tower Flux

and Meteorological Data

Elizabeth Pattey and Raymond L. Desjardins

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 202

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 202

BOREAS TF-7 SSA-OBS Tower Flux

and Meteorological Data

Elizabeth Pattey and Raymond L. Desjardins

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-7 SSA-OBS Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

Elizabeth Pattey, Raymond L. Desjardins

Summary

The BOREAS TF-7 team collected meteorological data as well as energy, carbon dioxide, water vapor,

methane, and nitrous oxide flux data at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site. The data were collected from

24-May to 19-Sep-1994. The data are available in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-07 SSA-OBS Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

Tower-based flux of heat, momentum, H20, CO2, CH4, and N20 were measured by

eddy-correlation and/or aerodynamic gradient techniques, over the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere

Study (BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA) Old Black Spruce (OBS) stand, from day of year 144

to 155,200 to 209, 251 to 261, in 1994.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of the boreal ecosystem to the

greenhouse gas composition of the atmosphere and how this ecosystem responds to environmental

conditions.

Specific objectives are the following:

• scaling-up of mass and energy surface fluxes from the local scale to the regional scale (spatial

representativeness of tower-based measurements)

• quantification of the effects of ambient conditions and biological processes on gas exchanges

in order to carry out a carbon budget of a black spruce stand

• determination of differences by conditional analysis of aircraft and tower data

• intercomparison between tower-based fluxes

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Latent heat flux; sensible heat flux; water vapor flux; fluxes and concentrations of carbon dioxide,

methane, and nitrous oxide; momentum flux; net radiation; incident solar radiation; mean and standard

deviation of wind speed and direction; friction velocity; mean U and V components of wind speed;

standard deviation of the U, V, and W components of the wind speed; mean and standard deviation of

specific humidity, vapor pressure, and air temperature.

1.5 Discussion

Tower Flux (TF)-07 surface fluxes were measured by micrometeorological techniques at the

BOREAS SSA-OBS tower.

Momentum, CO2, and sensible and latent heat fluxes were measured using the eddy-correlation

technique (EC), while methane and nitrous oxide fluxes were measured using either EC or the

aerodynamic-gradient techniques (AG). Several measurement periods of isoprene fluxes by the relaxed

eddy-accumulation technique (REA) were carried out in collaboration with Dr. Hal Westberg (Trace

Gas Biogeochemistry (TGB)- 10).

The measurements were made at 20 m above the ground (about 12 m above the displacement

plane). Wind velocities and temperature were measured with a sonic anemometer-thermometer

(Kaijo-Denki DAT-310). Sensible heat flux was corrected for water vapor transfer (Schotanus et al.,

1983). The sonic anemometer and the intake tubes of the closed-path analyzers were located on a boom

1.65 m long parallel to the soil surface. By rotating and/or moving the boom to one of the two ends of

the south side of the tower, the sensors were oriented in the prevalent wind direction. CO2 and H20

concentrations were measured in fast-response absolute mode with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA;

LI-COR 6262) equipped with a 4-m-long sampling tube. The flow in the inlet was turbulent, and the

signals were time adjusted to maximize the correlation with the vertical wind velocity. The CO2 fluxes

were corrected for density fluctuations associated with water vapor (Webb et al., 1980) and for

sensitivity of the IRGA to water vapor, as determined in our laboratory (Pattey et al., 1992). A detailed

description of the data acquisition system can be found in Pattey et al., 1995. Methane and nitrous

oxide gradients between 16 and 24 m above the ground were measured with tunable diode lasers

(Campbell Scientific, TGA). The eddy diffusivity coefficient, K, was calculated based on the

measurements from a sonic anemometer. Isoprene fluxes were measured using REA (Pattey et al.,

1993). Isoprene concentration analyses were carried out by Dr. Westberg's team (TGB-10). All the

fluxes were calculated on a 30-minute basis. Measurements were carried out during the three Intensive

Field Campaigns (IFCs) in 1994 between calendar days 144-155 (May-June), 200-209 (July), and

251-261 (September).

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TF-09 SSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

BOREAS TF-05 SSA-OJP Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

BOREAS TF-03 NSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

BOREAS TF-04 SSA-YJP Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

BOREAS TF- 11 SSA-Fen Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

Page 2
2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Raymond L. Desjardins

Project Leader

Air Quality Group

Dr. Elizabeth Pattey

Research Scientist

Air Quality Group

2.2 Title of Investigation

Areal Estimates of Mass and Energy from a Boreal Forest Biome

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. Elizabeth Pattey

Centre for Land and Biological Research Resources

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

CEF, Bldg. 74

Ottawa, ONT. K1A 0C6

CANADA

(613) 759-1523

(613) 996-0646 (fax)

PATTEYE@ GW.AGR.CA

Contact 2:

K. Fred Huemmrich

University of Maryland

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-4862

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Karl.Huemmrich@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

EC provides the most direct measurement of the flux of a gas at the land-atmosphere interface. It

provides measurements of gas exchange without disturbing the environment under study and integrates

the flux over a mosaic of different sources and sinks. The instantaneous transfer across a horizontal

plane per unit area and per unit time is given by F = WS, where W is the vertical velocity, and S is the

mixing ratio of the gas of interest. Because turbulent transfer is intermittent, it must be averaged over a

certain time or distance to obtain a representative sample. The mean flux of a gas over a horizontally

homogeneous surface under steady-state conditions is given by F = <W'S'>, where W' and S' are the

fluctuations from their mean. Reasonably stationary conditions, little horizontal advection and no

chemical reaction involving the gas of interest within the air column below the measuring system are

required for accurate flux measurements. These effects need to be taken into account to minimize flux

divergence with height, which can lead to significant errors of surface flux estimates from

aircraft-based systems (Desjardins et al., 1992).

Page 3
4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

A three-axis sonic wind anemometer/thermometer from Kaijo Denki Co. (Japan) was used for

measuring the fluctuations of the three wind components (U, V, W) and the temperature (T). The sonic

is equipped with 90-degree probes and has a 20-cm open-path. The sonic outputs the following

signals: U and V at 90 °, the horizontal wind speed (UI= SQRT(U2+V2)), and theta the wind angle

relative to the sonic position, in addition to W and T.

An IRGA from LI-COR, Inc., model 6262, was used for measuring water vapor and CO2

fluctuations, equipped with a pressure transducer between the outlet of the sample cell and the pump.

A tunable-diode laser (TDL) from Campbell Scientific equipped with the laser, sample and

reference detector was used for measuring CH4 fluctuations and N20 fluctuations.

A pyranometer from LI-COR Inc., model LI-200s was used to measure incoming solar radiation.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were collected in intervals from late May through mid-September 1994. Over the

data collection periods, the low temperatures experienced did not drop below freezing and the high

temperatures were not over 27 °C.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Above-canopy measurements were made from a 23-meter double scaffold walk-up tower.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objectives were to measure energy and momentum fluxes and fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N20

from a boreal black spruce stand and to obtain diurnal patterns of regional fluxes by combining

aircraft- and tower-based flux measurements.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, momentum flux, trace gas fluxes of C02, CH4, and N20.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

Three-axis sonic wind anemometer/thermometer from Kaijo Denki:

The ultrasonic anemometer thermometer measurement is based on the characteristics of sound

waves in the atmosphere. Sound waves are propagated in air linearly at an essentially constant speed of

approximately 340 m/s. Ultrasonic propagating speed in moving air, however, is slightly variable,

traveling faster in a tail wind and slower in a head wind. The wind speed is deducted from the duration

taken by ultrasonic pulses to travel between two ultrasonic pulse transducer elements facing each other

at a fixed distance. Two ultrasonic pulse signals are alternatively emitted in opposite directions. The

sound velocity in air fluctuates with temperature, as well as with humidity and atmospheric pressure.

Air temperature fluctuations can be measured assuming longer pressure and humidity fluctuating

cycles. In fact, humidity fluctuations should be taken into account to correct sensible heat flux as

proposed by Schotanus et al. (1983).

IRGA from LI-COR:

Heteroatomic molecules are known to absorb infrared radiation at specific wavelengths; each gas

has a specific absorption spectra. Radiation absorption at a given wavelength follows the Beer-Lambert

Law, i.e., is a function of the path length of the measuring cell, the extinction coefficient at the

specified wavelength, and the molar concentration of the heteroatomic molecule in air. The wavelength

for CO2 absorption shows sensitivity to water vapor that is attenuated by using filters. As the

temperature of the cell is measured, the signals can be corrected for density fluctuations due to

temperature. To be read in fast-response mode, signals should be linearized and pressure within the

measuring cell included in the linearization equation.

Page 4
TDL fromCampbellScientific:

Thetracegasanalyzersystem(TGAS,CampbellScientific)measuresabsoluteconcentrationsof

tracegasspeciesby infraredabsorptiontechniquesusingaTDL source.TheTGASis afast-response

closed-pathanalyzer,in whichabsorptionof aspecificinfraredlaserlineby tracegasmolecules(i.e.

eithermethaneor nitrousoxide)isdetected.Theemissionlinesareselectedto minimizetheerror

causedby absorptionfrom interferingspecies.ThelaserintensityabsorptionfollowstheBeer-Lambert

law of attenuationandis afunctionof theabsorptioncross-section,thepath-length,andthe

concentrationof methaneornitrousoxidemolecules.In theTGAS,thelaserbeamabsorptionis

measuredsimultaneouslyin a 155-cmlongsamplecell andin a5-cm-longreferencecell filled with

either3.05%certifiedmethaneor 0.2668%certifiednitrousoxidein nitrogenmaintainedat about8

kPa.Thenumberof moleculesin thesamplecell isequalto theknownnumberof moleculesin the

referencecell multipliedby theratioof path-lengthsbetweenthereferenceandsamplecell and

multipliedby theratioof thewavelengthintegratedabsorbancebetweenthesampleandthereference

cell.Bothcellsaremaintainedatlow pressureto limit pressurebroadeningof methaneornitrousoxide

absorptionline. Theoperatingtemperatureof theTGASdiodelaseris in therangeof 90K, whichis

maintainedwith liquid nitrogen.MostTDLsarevery sensitiveto vibration.

Pyranometerfrom LI-COR:

Thepyranometeris constitutedof thermopiles.It isusedto measureincomingsolarradiation.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

The sonic anemometer and the intake tubes of the closed-path analyzers were located on a boom

1.65 m long, parallel to the soil surface. The boom was mounted on a rotating table to orient the

sensors in the prevalent wind direction, and on a sliding carriage to access both ends of the south side

of the tower. The infrared CO2 and H20 analyzer (IRGA; LI-COR 6262) was located on the

18.7-m-high platform close to the south side of the tower. It was equipped with a 4-m sampling tube.

The TDLs were located on the ground. The methane analyzer was located between the tower and the

hut and had a 34.5-m-long sampling tube, while the N20 analyzer was hooked to the ceiling of the hut

and had a 61.5-m-long sampling tube. The conditional sampling system was located on the same

platform as the IRGA. Methane and nitrous oxide gradients were measured between 16 and 24 m

above the ground.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Sonic Anemometer:

Kaijo Denki Co.

GENEQ, Inc.

7978 EST, rue Jarry

Montreal, QUE., H1J 1H5

H20 CO2 IRGA and Pyranometer:

LI-COR, Inc.

P.O. Box 4425

Lincoln, NE 68504

TDL:

Campbell Scientific

P.O. Box 551

Logan, UT 84321

Fine-Wire Thermocouple:

Campbell Scientific

P.O. Box 551

Logan, UT 84321

Page 5
NetRadiometer:

MiddletonInstruments,Inc.

P.O.Box 442

SouthMelbourne

Victoria,3205

Australia

DataLoggingSystem:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

The manufacturer calibration of the LI-6262 to establish the linearization functions was done in

July 1993. The field calibration of the LI-6262 was done by removing the offsets on the CO2 and H20

signals by passing nitrogen through the reference and sample cells, and by adjusting the gain on CO2

channel by passing known CO2 concentration in dry air and by passing known water vapor

concentration in air to adjust the H20 channel. The CO2 standard was cross-referenced with BOREAS

standards.

During IFC-1 and -2, a 10-liter bag was filled with ambient air and connected via a dewpoint

hygrometer to the sample cell of the LI-6262. During IFC-3, the LI-610 dewpoint generator was used

to produce air at known water vapor concentration.

The sonic anemometer was factory calibrated, except for the temperature, for which a linear

correction function was established after IFC-3 in Ottawa against another sonic anemometer. The other

signals were well calibrated.

Calibration of the TDLs: the reference cell has a known methane or nitrous oxide certified

concentration flowing through it, and the signal is compensated for pressure variation, although the

pressure is maintained at a steady value.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

None given.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

The signals of the instruments were collected at 20 Hz through a Labmaster board (Scientific

Solutions) (analog to digital (A/D) converter) and preprocessed in real time on a microcomputer. The

vertical wind speed was high-pass filtered at 0.001 Hz by a digital filter. Sums, sums of square, and

sum of cross-product were accumulated over 15 seconds and saved without being converted into the

proper units, so that they could be processed again if the calibration factor needed to be changed. Nonlinearized signals, like those of the LI-COR 6262, were linearized in real time before being summed.

The tower had the capability to rotate to be aligned in the mean horizontal wind direction. The data

acquisition and control system was able to control a fast-response valve to perform conditional

sampling based on the vertical wind velocity signal. Nonmethane hydrocarbon was collected in

canisters for several periods following REA (Businger and Oncley, 1990; Pattey et al., 1993).

Subcanopy signals were collected via a CR-21X (Campbell Scientific) data logger.

Page 6
6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

None.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All data were collected at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)

coordinates for the site are latitude 53.98717 ° N, longitude 105.11779 ° W, and elevation of 628.94 m.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The fluxes measured at 12 m above the displacement height integrate surface contribution, which

can be described by footprint functions. The surface contributing to the flux mainly depends on the

horizontal wind velocity, the wind direction, surface roughness, the atmospheric stability, and the

height of measurements. The spatial coverage can be evaluated by using footprint algorithms (Schuepp

et al., 1990; Horst and Weil, 1992). Flux measurements, for which the wind was blowing over a

sector including the hut, the ecology tower, and/or the access path, were discarded.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Surface flux data were collected during IFC-1 (24-May to 08-Jun), IFC-2 (19-Jul to 01-Aug), and

IFC-3 (05- to 19-Sep), 1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The reported data values are 30-minute averages with the reported time corresponding to the start

of the sampling period.

7.3 Data Characteristics

Page 7
7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

MEAN WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

MEAN WIND DIR ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND DIR ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SDEV AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

MEAN VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

SDEV VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

MEAN SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

SDEV SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

TF07 MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

MEAN V WIND SPEED

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 CONC ABV CNPY

N20 FLUX ABV CNPY

N20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

Page 8
DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

MEAN WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

MEAN WIND DIR ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND DIR ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SDEV AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

MEAN VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

SDEV VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

MEAN SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

SDEV SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

TF07 MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

MEAN V WIND SPEED

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 CONC ABV CNPY

N20 FLUX ABV CNPY

N20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

data collection.

The sensible heat flux measured above the canopy.

The latent heat flux measured above the canopy.

The carbon dioxide flux measured above the canopy

The carbon dioxide concentration measured above

the canopy.

The mean wind speed measured above the canopy

over a 30 minute period.

The standard deviation of the wind speed

measured above the canopy over a 30 minute period

The mean wind direction measured above the canopy

over a 30 minute period.

The standard deviation of the wind direction

measured above the canopy over a 30 minute period

The friction velocity above the canopy.

The mean air temperature measured above the canopy

over a 30 minute period.

The standard deviation of the air temperature

measured above the canopy over a 30 minute period.

The downward (incoming) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The mean vapor pressure measured above the canopy

over a 30 minute period.

The standard deviation of the vapor pressure

measured above the canopy over a 30 minute period.

The 30 minute mean specific humidity measured

above the canopy.

The 30 minute standard deviation of specific

humidity measured above the canopy.

The momentum flux measured above the canopy.

Mean of a 30 minute period of the streamwise wind

speed.

Mean of a 30 minute period of the lateral wind

speed, perpendicular to the U wind vector.

Standard deviation of the streamwise wind speed.

Standard deviation of the lateral wind speed.

Standard deviation of the vertical wind speed.

The water vapor flux measured above the canopy.

The methane flux measured above the canopy.

The methane concentration measured above the

canopy.

The nitrous oxide flux measured above the canopy.

The nitrous oxide concentration measured above

the canopy.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

Page 9
7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

MEAN WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

MEAN WIND DIR ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND DIR ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SDEV AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

MEAN VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

SDEV VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

MEAN SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

SDEV SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

TF07 MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

MEAN V WIND SPEED

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 CONC ABV CNPY

N20 FLUX ABV CNPY

N20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[parts per million]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[degrees from north]

[degrees from north]

[meters] [seconds^-l]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[kiloPascals]

[kiloPascals]

[grams] [kilogram^-l]

[grams] [kilogram^-l]

[newton] [meter^-2]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[millimoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[parts per million]

[nanomoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[parts per million]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

MEAN WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[sonic anemometer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

Page 10
MEAN WIND DIR ABV CNPY

SDEV WIND DIR ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SDEV AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

MEAN VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

SDEV VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

MEAN SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

SDEV SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY

TF07 MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

MEAN V WIND SPEED

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY

CH4 CONC ABV CNPY

N20 FLUX ABV CNPY

N20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[Pyranometer]

[psychrometer]

[psychrometer]

[psychrometer]

[psychrometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[sonic anemometer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[tunable-diode laser]

[tunable-diode laser]

[tunable-diode laser]

[tunable-diode laser]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter v_ues found inthe data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-OBS-FLXTR SSA-OBS-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF07-FLX01 9TF07-FLX01 None None None None

DATE OBS 24-MAY-94 18-SEP-94 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2355 None None None None

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX -120.1 554.9 -999 None None None

ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV -53.1 323.62 -999 None None None

CNPY

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY -14.069 15.444 -999 None None None

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY 341.07 411.08 -999 None None None

MEAN WIND SPEED ABV .056 7.853 -999 None None None

CNPY

SDEV WIND SPEED ABV .081 2.485 -999 None None None

CNPY

MEAN WIND DIR ABV 0 370.8 -999 None None None

CNPY

SDEV WIND DIR ABV .05 181.154 -999 None None None

CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV 0 1.155 -999 None None None

CNPY

MEAN AIR TEMP ABV 3.85 26.59 -999 None None None

CNPY

SDEV AIR TEMP ABV .05 1.51 -999 None None None

Page 11
CNPY

DOWNSOLARRADABV -66.36

CNPY

MEANVAPORPRESSABV .5@1

CNPY

SDEVVAPORPRESSABV .@@1

852.52 -999 None None None

1.882 -999 None None None

.114 -999 None None None

CNPY

MEAN SPECIFIC HUM 3.217 12.407 -999 None None None

ABV CNPY

SDEV SPECIFIC HUM .@@6 .746 -999 None None None

ABV CNPY

TF07 MOMENTUM FLUX -1.531 .073 -999 None None None

ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED -6.248 6.388 -999 None None None

MEAN V WIND SPEED -4.339 4.855 -999 None None None

SDEV U WIND SPEED .063 3.628 -999 None None None

SDEV V WIND SPEED .083 2.525 -999 None None None

SDEV W WIND SPEED .@@9 1.574 -999 None None None

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY -1.192 7.348 -999 None None None

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY -22724 99192 -999 None None None

CH4 CONC ABV CNPY @ 3.34 -999 None None None

N20 FLUX ABV CNPY -5.047 2.386 -999 None None None

N20 CONC ABV CNPY .258 .322 -999 None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 23-MAR-99 23-MAR-99 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

Page 12
7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data records from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY,CO2 CONC ABV CNPY,

MEAN W_ND SPEED ABV CNPY, SDEV--WIND--SPEED ABV CNPY,MEAN W_ND DIR ABV CNPY,

SDEV WIND DIR ABV CNPY,FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY,MEAN AIR TEMP ABV CNPY,

SDEV AIR TEMP ABV CNPY,DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY,MEAN VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY,

SDEV VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY,MEAN SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY, SDEV SPECIFIC HUM ABV CNPY,

TF07--MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY,MEAN U WIND--SPEED,MEAN V WIND--SPEED, -- -- --

SDEV U WIND SPEED,SDEV V WIND SPEED,SDEV W WIND SPEED,H20 FLUX ABV CNPY,

CH4 FLUX ABV CNPY,CH4 CONC ABV CNPY,N20 FLUX ABV CNPY,N20 CONC ABV CNPY,

CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TF07-FLX01',01-JUN-94,0,129.8,84.24,-1.976,368.18,1.878,1..008,

201.8,173.501,.36,18.8,.5,432.44,.561,.019,3.648,.125,-.148,.495,1.547,.952,

1.059, .585,1.735,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0, 'CPI',23-MAR-99

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TF07-FLX01',01-JUN-94,30,23.14,43.97,-1.55,368.05,1.82, .919,

263.8,163.469,.273,18.2,.34,221.26,.575,.022,3.735,.142,-.085,.888,1.514,.708,

.836, .376, .956,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0, 'CPI',23-MAR-99

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was data collected

at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

See Section 9.1.1.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Momentum flux (FU; N/m2):

FU= rhoa <W'UI'>

where: W: vertical wind velocity (m/s)

U 1: horizontal wind speed (m/s 1)

< >: average over the averaging period

': fluctuation

rhoa: air density (g/m3)

Page 13
Sensibleheatflux (FT; W/m2)

FT = rhoaCp <W'T'>

where: Cp:air specificheatatconstantpressure

T: airtemperature(C)

FT is correctedfor humidityandvelocityfluctuations(Schotanuset al., 1983)

Latentheatflux (FQ;W/m2):

FQ = L rhoaMV/MA <W'NQ'> 103

where: L: coefficientof vaporization(J/g/K)

MV: molecularmassof watervapor(18g/mol2)

MA: molecularmassof dry air(29g/mol)

NQ:molarfraction(mmolHzO/mo12dry air)

Flux of tracegases(FS;g/m2/s):

FS= rhoaMS/MA <W'NS'> + rhoSDF

where: NS:molarfractionof thespecies(mol S/mol2 dry air)

MS: molecular mass of the species (g/mol)

rhoS: density of the species (g/m3)

DF= density fluctuation correction (Webb et al., 1980)

e species (g/mol)

rhoS: density of the species (g/m3)

DF= density fluctuation correction (Webb et al., 1980)

Expected sensitivity of trace gases to density fluctuation correction can be found in Pattey et al (1992).

For CO2 flux measured by the LI-COR 6262, only density fluctuations due to water vapor

fluctuations are involved in the correction.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

The following steps were used to process the data:

• Collection of 15-s blocks.

• Sum over the averaging period.

• Scaling and conversion of binary data to channel units.

• Mean, standard deviation, and flux calculation.

9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORIS staff processed these data by:

• Reviewing the initial data files and loading them online for BOREAS team access.

• Designing relational data base tables to inventory and store the data.

• Loading the data into the relational data base tables.

• Working with the team to document the data set.

• Extracting the data into logical files.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

Page 14
9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

Sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, momentum flux, trace gas fluxes of C02, CH4, and N20.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

None given.

10.2 Quality Assessment

The data were not verified against wind direction and rejection sector.

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined to check for spikes, values that are four standard deviations from the mean,

long periods of constant values, and missing data.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

Data were collected only during the IFCs in 1994.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

Missing data with TDL-TGAS are associated with vibration problems, analysis of REA samples,

and, for IFC-1, pump troubleshooting.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

Page 15
12. Application of the Data Set

These data are useful for the study of water, energy, carbon, and nitrogen exchange in a mature black

spruce forest.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The SSA-OBS tower flux and meteorological data are available from the Earth Observing System Data

and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active

Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

Page 16
16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None given.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Businger, J.A. 1986. Evaluation of the accuracy with which dry deposition can be measured with

current micrometeorological techniques. J. Clim. and Appl. Meteorol. 25:1100-1124.

Businger, J.A. and S.P. Oncley. 1990. Flux measurement with conditional sampling. J. Atmos.

Ocean. Tech., 7: 349-352.

Chahuneau, F., R.L. Desjardins, E.J. Brach, and R. Verdon. 1989. A micrometeorological facility for

eddy flux measurements of CO2 and H20. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 25:1100-1124.

Desjardins, R.L., J.I. MacPherson, L. Mahrt, P. Schuepp, E. Pattey, H. Neumann, D. Baldocchi, S.

Wofsy, D. Fitzjarrald, H. McCaughey, and D.W. Joiner. 1997. Scaling up flux measurements for the

boreal forest using aircraft-tower combinations. Journal of Geophysical Research

102(D24):29,125-29,133.

Desjardins, R.L., P. Rochette, J.I. MacPherson, and E. Pattey. 1992. Measurements of greenhouse

gas fluxes using aircraft- and tower-based techniques. In "Agricultural Ecosystem Effects on Trace

Gases and Global Climate Change" ASA special publication #55: 45-62.

Horst, T.W. and J.C. Weil. 1992. Footprint estimation for scalar flux measurements in the

atmospheric surface layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 59: 279-296.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Pattey, E., R.L. Desjardins, and G. St-Amour. 1997. Mass and energy exchanges over a black

spruce forest during key periods of BOREAS 1994. Journal of Geophysical Research,

102(D24):28,967-28,976.

Pattey, E., R.L. Desjardins, and P. Rochette. 1993. Accuracy of the relaxed eddy-accumulation

technique, evaluated using CO2 flux measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 66: 341-355.

Pattey, E., R.L. Desjardins, F. Boudreau, and P. Rochette. 1992. Impact of density fluctuations on

flux measurements of trace gases: implications for the relaxed eddy accumulation technique.

Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 59: 195-203.

Page 17
Pattey, E., W.G. Royds, R.L. Desjardins, D.J. Buckley and P. Rochette. 1995. Software description

of a data acquisition and control system for measuring trace gas and energy fluxes by

eddy-accumulation and correlation techniques. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (submitted

for publication).

Scheupp, P.H., M.Y. Leclerc, J.I. Macpherson, and R.L. Desjardins. 1990. Footprint prediction of

scalar fluxes from analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Bound. Layer Meteorol., 50:355-373.

Schotanus, P., F.T.M. Nieuwstadt, and H.A.R. de Bruin. 1983. Temperature measurement with a

sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluxes. Bound. Layer Meteorol., 26:81-93.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

Webb, E.K., G.I. Pearman, and R. Leuning. 1980. Correction of flux measurements density effects

due to heat and water vapour transfer. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 106:85-100.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 18
A/D

AG

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EC

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

IFC

IRGA

NAD83

NASA

NSA

OBS

ORNL

PANP

PAR

PC

PPFD

REA

REBS

SSA

TDL

TF

TGA

TGB

TGAS

URL

WAB

WMO

19. List of Acronyms

- Analog to Digital

- Aerodynamic Gradient

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Eddy Covariance

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- Intensive Field Campaign

- Infrared Gas Analyzer

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Old Black Spruce

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Photosynthetically Active Radiation

- Personal Computer

- Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

- Relaxed Eddy Accumulation

- Radiation Energy Balance Systems

- Southern Study Area

- Tunable-Diode Laser

- Tower Flux

- Trace Gas Analyzer

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Trace Gas Analyzer System

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Wind Aligned Blob

- World Meteorological Organization

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 04-Oct- 1995

Revised: 24-Sep- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 08-Apt- 1999

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

Page 19
20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

These data were provided by Drs. E. Pattey and R.L. Desjardins. This work was supported by

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Desjardins, R.L. and E. Pattey, "Areal Estimates of Mass and Energy from a Boreal Forest

Biome." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D.

Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D.

Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 20
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-7 SSA-OBS Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

Elizabeth Pattey and Raymond L. Desjardins

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 202

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

E. Pattey and R.L. Desjardins: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario;

K. Huemmrich: University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-7 team collected meteorological data as well as energy, carbon dioxide, water vapor,

methane, and nitrous oxide flux data at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site. The data were collected from 24-

May to 19-Sep-1994. The data are available in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux, meteorological data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

2O

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

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