1 

## ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS FOR EIGHT TYPES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS: ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS, WATER HEATERS, DIRECT HEATING EQUI?MENT, MOBILE HOME FURNACES, RANGES AND OVENS, POOL HEATERS, FLUORESCENT BALLASTS,

## AND TELEVISIONS
INTRODUCTION AND NEED FOR PROPOSEI) ACTION 

### This Environmental Assessment (EA)on the candidateenergy conservation standards for eight appliances (room air conditioners, water heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, kitchen ranges and ovens, pool heaters, fluorescent lamp ballasts, and television sets) was prepared pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), regulations of the Council on Environmental Quality, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1500 through 1508. The candidate conservation standards are being proposed pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act, the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act and the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments. The EA presents the results of the associated environmental impacts from a range of new candidate energy conservation standards for eight types of household appliances. The results are presented for e ch potentiaI standard level for each of the eight appliance types. Each measure of possibl 

# 1environmental change is an alternative action, and it 

### is compared to what is expected to happen if 

### no new standards for each product were finalized, i.e., the "no action" alternative. The main environmentalconcern addressed is emissions from fossil-fueled electricity generation. Most of the design options for the eight appliancesresult in decreased electricity use and, therefore, a reduction of power plant emissiohs. The proposed efficiency standards will 

### gnerally decrease air pollution by decreasing future energy demand. The greatest d6er"eases in air pollution will 

### be for sulfur oxides, listed in equivalent weight of sulfur dioxide, or SO,. Reductions of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide also occur and are listed by weight of NO, and CO,, respective:^. 

### Carbon dioxide (CO,) emissions from fossil-fuel burning is considered an environmental hazard because it contributes to the "greenhouse effectw by trapping heat energy from the earth that is emitted as infrared radiation. The 'greenhouse effect' is expected to gradually raise the mean global temperature. Design options for many of the appliances (i.e. gas and oil water heaters, gas pool heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, and gas ranges and ovens) also reduce in-home fuel consumption, resulting in 

### lower in-home emissions from fuel-burning appliances. Althougl; the quantity of raw materials used per appliance will remain relatively constant, in 

### most scenarir~s increased initial cost is expected to decrease slightly the number of appliances sold, resulting in 

### small decreases in 

### raw materials used. The main effect of decreased appliance pr~~duction is the SO?emitted in steel production. The decrease is small, however, in 

### compiarison to the SO! decreases from fuel burning avoided at power 

# ib 

# MASTER

### plants. The contribution from steel production is not included in the estimates for net SO, decreases resulting from design changes 

### in these products. The effects on particulate emissions related to a standard-induced decrease 

### in electricity generation would be minor compared to effects on decreases 

### in SO,, NO,, and CO,. For example, in 1984, 

### power plants contributed only 7% 

### of U.S. total particulate emissions as compared to contributions of 83% 

### and 34% 

### to total SO, and NO, emissions, respectively (1). Though the reduction in particulate emissions would be relatively small, any reduction would possibly be 

### beneficial to improving the quality of surfacewater. Since the amount of particulates emitted would be decreased, it 

### is very likely that less particulates would reach the surfacewater. Reductions in particulate emissions accompanied by decreases in 

### SO, and 

### NO, would have other beneficial effects on the environment. The resultant improvement to air quality and the decreased potential of acid rain formation would help improve the quality of wetlands and fish & 

### wildlife as well as aid 

### in the preservation of historical and archaeological sites. Reduced in-home fuel consumption will 

### decrease the amount of gas or oil burned within some homes, thereby decreasing the impact of combustion on indoor air quality. Indoor air problems are usually due to a combination of factors, including a tight house envelope, insufficient ventilation for cooking appliances, presence of sources such as cigarette smokers or formaldehyde containing products, and radon diffusion from soil. In comparison to the above factors,and because fuel-burning appliances are normally vented to the outside, the projected changes in in-home fuel-burning appliance use is expected to have little effect on indoor air quality.
2 

### METHODS OF ESTIMATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 

### The greatest impacts of the proposed standards would be a reduction in electricity demand growth. The main environmental effects of power plants on air and water quality result from emissions 

### of sulfur dioxide (SO,), nitrogen oxides (NO,), and carbon dioxide (CO,). With the proposed standards lessening the need for electricity generation, power plant emissions would be reduced. A second source of these pollutants is fuel-burning household appliances. Pollutants from fuel-burninghousehold aplliances will be termed "inhouse" emissions. The proposed standards would also reduce these emissions. Since fuel-burning household appliances are normally vented to the outside, both the power plant and "in-house" emissions are reported. 2.1 Baseline Emissions 

### The estimates of emissions of SO,, NO, and CO, are also expressed as a percentage of U.S. power plant emissions for the year under consideration. In a report that accompanies the 1991National Energy Strategy

### [NES), the impact on power plant emissions

. 

### as a result of revisions to Title V 

### of the 1990 

### Clean Air Act (i.e., H.R. 3030) 

### are estimated (2).

### The legislation calls for SO, emissions reductions in two phases. In the first phase ofthe planned reductions (beginningDecember 31, 1995 and carrying through the year 2000), electric utilities will have several options for ducingtheir SO, emissions to comply with 

### the allowance constraintsimposedby the provisions of the Clean Air Act. The major options 

### arc 1)to dtcrtase their use 

### of high emission units and increase the use of their clean coal, gas, or oil units, 2) to switch units using high sulfurcoal to low sulfur coal, 

### 3) to 

### mmfitplants emitting at a high 

### rate with emissions duction technologies (e.g., scrubbers), and 4) 

### to purchase allowances from other utilities who reduce their emissions below their permitted levels, in order to sell their allowances for 

### a pmfit. Most utilities will make use of 

### a combination of these options to mininiizc the cost of complying with the allowance constraints. Total 

### SO, emissions by utilities cannot exctcd 8.9 million tons after December 31, 2000. In the second phase of the planned ductions (beginning December 31,2000), the options available to electric utilities for maintaining the 

### 8.9 million-ton cap will broaden with the expected induction of new, advanced generating technologies. However, during this period utilities arc 

### less able to duceemissions by changing the way they utilite their plants. Since most plants will ,be fully utilized, there will 

### be few opponunities for ducing emissions by decreasing the use of a 

### high emission plant. In the repon accompanying the 1991NES, two possible outcomes 

### an presented, a flexible case and 

### a restricted case, so that the effect of different levels of permitted hading of emission allowances can be evaluated. (The 

### repon dots not go beyond this explanation in defining the differences between the two cases.) As presented in the reporr, the results for the two cases art 

### virtually identical. Because the two cases 

### arc 

### so similar, the U.S. power plant emission projections for the 

### thrct effluents under the assumptions made in the flexible case art 

### presented only. Table 

### 1 summarizes the results. 

### Table 1 U.S. CO,, 

### SO,, 

### NO, Power Plant Emissions 

# co, so2 NO, Year 106 tons 

### 106 tons 

### 106 tons 

### 1995 2232.5 13.8 8.4

2.2 

### Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions For each of the scenarios analyzed, emissions abated from fossil fuel-burningpower plants 

### arc estimated. In analyzing the impacts of design changes to each of the appliances, lovier sulfur emissions resulting from decreased steel production 

### an not considercd No changes in the amount of steel used per unit art 

### expected. Analysis of the impacts resulting from several design options includes the consideration of 

### SO, and 

### NO, from in-home combustion of gas and oil.

### In order to capture the effects of cleaner-burning power plants in future years, emission rates (tons/Quad) for power plant fuel-burning are 

### calculated from projected emissions and 

### electrical generation data. 

### The electrical generation data is mnslated into energy use (Quads) by multiplying the generation data 

### by 11.500 BtuflcWh. The source of these projected emissions and eltcuical generation data 

### is the =port that accompanies the 1991 National Energy Smttgy (data for Table 1 was extracted from the same Service Report). (2) Table 

### 2 presents these data and the calculated emission rates for SO2and NO,. 

### Table 2 

### Electrical Generation and Emissions Data and Emission Rates for SO, and NO, at Fossil Fuel-Burning Power Plants

The calculated emissions rate data listed in Table 2 represent the average SO2and NO, emissionsrates for all fossil fuel-bumingpower plants in the United States. Emissions rates were not calculated for 

### cach fuel-burning source 

### as the emissions data supplied by the Service Report wen not disaggregated according to power plant type 

### (i.e. coal, oil, gas). Toobtain emissionrate values, the amount ofemissions were divided by the total energy use of fossil fuel-bumingpower plants. The total energy use by fossil fuel-burning power plants was calculated from the electrical generation data supplied by the report accompanying the 1991 

### NES. The electrical generation data 

### was disaggregated by fuel source. To obtain the total 

### energy use (input), the electrical generation data from cach fossil fuel source was summed and then divided 

### by the assumed efficiency of fossil fuel-burning power plants (30.6%). This fossil fuel-burning power plant efficiency is consistent with that used by the LBL Residential Energy Model 

### (REM). For further information on the assumed efficiency of fossil fuel-burning power plants, refer to Appendix 

### B of volume A of the Technical Support Document (TSD). The amount of SO, and NO, emissions abated for any particular 

### year is determined by multiplying the estimates of energy saved through reduced electricity genenition 

### in that year by the e-missionrate for that particular year. For years not covered in the 

### Service 

### Report, 

### Linear interpolation was used to derive emission rates and, in turn, the comsponding abated emissions. Table 3 presents the emission factors (rates) that we= used for SO, and NO, for in-home gas and oil combustion. The values for reduction of SQ 

### and NO, emissions from in-home gas and oil combustion 

### are produced by multiplying in-home fuel savings for gas and oil by the comsponding emission rates. Emission factors that appear in Table 3 

## an from a Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory report. (3) Emission factors for gas in-home combustion we= assumed to equal the average of those for nsidential gas space heaters and water heaters. Emission factors Emissions Rim 

### Soa 

### No, 10'tonslQuad 10'tonsIQurrd 552.5 3363 3103 23 1.O 228.6 198.6 1 46.9 146.9 85.2 104.8 Year 1995 UKX) 2010 2020 2030 Enugy Use Tolal 

### Quads 25.74 29.89 37.88 47.0 1 58.03 Elcarid Omention Coal Oil Gas 10'kWh 14kWh I@kwh 16022 193.7 442.0 1814.0 179.8 605.0 2660.6 149.9 4825 3727.8 672 292.3 4837.3 29.0 179.2 Emissions 

### SO, NO, JO'tonr JO'tons

13.8 8.4 9.0 6.7 8.4 7.3 6.7 6.7 4.8 5.9

### for oil in-home combustion were assumed to qua1 those associated with a residential #2 

### oil boiler. Table 3 

### Emission Rates for SQ and NO, for In-Home Combustion SOaGas 

### Emission SO, Oil Emission NO, Gas 

### Emission NO, Oil Emission 

### 10' tonslQuad 

### ld ronslQuad 

### Id ronslQuad 

## Id tonslQuad

23 

### Carbon Dioxide Emissions Emission rates for carbon dioxi& were derived in the same manner as those derived for SO, and NO,. As presented in Table 1, 

### the report accompanying the 1991 National Energy Strategy (NES) also provided emissions data with regard 

### to 

### COP' Table 4 

### presents the 

### CO, 

### emission 

### rate data 

### as derived from the electrical generation data and emissions data supplied by the 1991 NES 

### rcpon Table 4 

### Elecaical Generation Data, 

## El ~issions Data and Emissisns Rates for CO, 

### at Fossil Fuel-Burning Power Plants Elewical Generation Year 

### Coal lbkWh Oil 10PkWh Gas 10PkWh Energy 

### Use Total 

# oh Emission CO, lo' rons EmiionRate 

### CQ lo' ~oIL~IQ~ 1995 1602.2 193.7 442.0 25.74 2232.5 8939 2000 1814.0 179.8 605.0 29.89 2506.2 86.41



### As with the SO, and NO, emissions, the amount of CO, 

### emissions abated for any 

### particular yea. 

### is determined by 

### multiplying the estimates of energy saved through reduced 

### electricity generation by 

### the emission rate for that particular year. 

### For 

### years not covend in the 

### Service Report, linear interpolation was 

### used 

### to derive emission rates and, in turn, 

### the corresponding abated emissions.

### Table 5 

### presents the emission factors (rates) that were used for C02for in-home gas and oil combustion. The values for the rcduction of C02emissions from in-home gas 

### and oil combustibn 

### arc produced by multiplying in-home fuel savings for gas and oil by the comsponding emission rates. Emission facton that appear in Table 5 

### arc from a Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory rcport(3). The emission factor for gas in-home combustion was assumed 

### to qua1the average of those for residential 

### gas space heaters and water heaters. The emission factor for oil in-home combustion w-us

### assumed to equal the one associatedwith a residential #2 

### oil boiler. 

### Table 5 

### Emission Rates for CO, 

### for In-Home Combustion CO, 

### Gas Emission CO, 

### Oil Emission



### I@ tonstQuad 

## ld tonrlQuad 

# rf RESULTS The following tabular results indicate what changes can 

### be brought about 

### in the amounts t ' 

### f emitted CQ, 

### SO2, and

### NO, by imposing efficiency standuds for each of the eight tppliuwrs 

# %., ? 

# g 6'$, considered in this analysis. A 

### table is presented for each of the appliances' mal 

### standard levels.
,P

# 4 h appliance has been 

### analyzed separately in orderto determine the emission changes resulting 5. 0. 

# \? from each of their prospective trial standuds levels. Each table details the changes that 

### occur \ 

### to cach of the 

### three pollutants (is. 

# m, SO2, and NO,) through the imposition of an appliance's 

### '*.



## <$f .%

# $ specific trial standard level. Each table includes the following information for a specific year 

### between 1996and 2030: the amount of pollutant abated from power plant generation, the amount 

# sW s;'

. 

### abated from in-home generation; the 

### net change 

### inthe pollutant emitted, and the percent the net



## y change comprises of total 

### U.S.power plant emissions. Also included art 

### thecumulativechanges

W' 

### of each pollutant (between the years 1996 and 2030). 

# c. a!L For each section that follows, only the results from the last standard level 

### are discussed for each appliance. In order to view the results for each standard level, tables for each level are



# - provided after the discussion. 

## - 

# qysc' 

### ? between the eight appliances. The number of standard levels that lue 

### analyzed 

### for a particular It should be 

### noted that the standard levels studied for each appliance 

### are not consistent 

# g$ appliance depends on the number and type of technologies that viere consided for it. For a



## j) &tailed explanation of the specific technologies considered for each appliance, please refer to 

## Qb

# S\y the vppropriate sections and appendices of the Technical Suppon Document.

" \d 

### 3.1 

### ROOM AIR 

### CONDITIONERS



## .,a \V~L 

# , 9 ;..*.? 

### hxrcases in the amounts of CO,,

### S02,and emitted at trial standards levels through



# 9 A' 

# S ?7'uc 

# ;,-summarized in Tables 6 through 12.

$\ 

## .,\'. (X



### .t'-



## ' ..,.'\

# ..'

-2"



# *-

F? \' 

### 6 ,- 

### t? .b ,. V3.1.1 

### Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Sulfur dioxide emissions would be 

### decreased by 

### a cumulative total of 0.78 million tons between 1996and 2030 in 

### the level 7 scenario. In the year 1996,decreases in sulfurdioxick will represent about 0.11% of the SO2 emissions estimated to come from power 

### 3lants in that ycar. In the ycar 

### 2030, decreases in 

### SQ emissions will 

### represent about 0.26% of the SO2 emissions estimated to come from power plants in that year. 

### Because of provisions in the Clean Air Act Amendments (Pub. 

### L. 101-549, November 15, 1990), the possible reductions of SO,that art 

### caused by standards 

### can be 

### earned 

### as dts by 

### the utility realizing the reductions. To the extent SO2

### credits are used for future emissions, the net effect on SO2emissions from standards would be only a postponement of those SO, emissions. Level 7 

### design changes to mom 

### air conditioners would result in all 

### estimated decrease in NO, emissions of 0.70 million tons between 1996 

### and 2030. NO, decreases would npresent 0.1 1% and 0.26% of the NO, emissions estimated to come from power plants 

### in the years 1996 and 2030, respectively. 3.1.2 

### Carbon Dioxide Emissions The cumularivc reduction in C0,emissions from level 7 design changes is 360 million tons of 

## CO,. For the year 1996, the estimated 

## CQ reduction is 2496 thousand tons of 

## CO,or about 0.11% of estimated U.S. power plant 

## CO, emissions in 1996. For the year 2030, the estimated CO,rcduction is 12,253thousand tons of 

### CQor about 0.26% of estimated U.S.power plant 

## CO,emissions in 2030.Table 6 RcducdonofPollulanls for RoomAir Conditioners

# - Lvcl Onc C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abaltdfrom Abated from % U.S.co2 Yur Power Rant Emissions

0.01% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% Cumulative

### COZductios 199&2030= 2A million tons of 

### 02
SO2Reduction(in Tons) Abd from Abued from Net 96 U.S. SO2 ~wcrP~ QunS mwu Plmt 

### In-Home Emissions 0.01%

Cumulrtive SO2reduction. 19962030= 52274 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abrdfrom Abued 

### fmm 96U.S. NOx 

### hwuPluu Io-bne Powa Plant Emissions

0.01%

CumulrtiveNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 46839 tonsTable 7 Reduclion of Po!lulan~s forRoom Air Conditioners

# - Levcl Two CO2Reduclion (in Thousand Tons) . Abalod from Abated from Net % U.S. 02 Power Plant 

### In-Home Change mwer Plan1 Emissions

0.02%

Cumulative COZ reduction 1996-2030= 53 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) AbaM from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Yeu Power Plant In-Home Change Power Plant

Cumulative SO2reduction 1996-2030

### = 115,744 lons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abakd from Aba~cd from Net 

### %U.S.NOx Year Power Plant Ln-Home Change mwer Plant

. Guraation Genemiion Emissions 1,213 0 0.0 1% a241 0 3,512 0 4,047 0 3,793 0 3,278 0 2.399 0 1,627 0 CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 103365lonsTable 8, Reduction of Pollutants forRoom Air Conditioners

# - Level Three C02 Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abaud from Abated from Net %

### U.S. C02 Year Power Plant In-Home Chge Power Plant Guraation Generation Emissions 689 0 0.03%

Cumulative C02reduction, 1996-2030= 105 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abald from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Year Power Plant In-Home Change Puwer Plant Generation Generation Emissions 3,866 0 0.03%

CumulativeSO2reduction, 199C2030= 229357 

### tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Na 

### %U.S. NOx PowerPIuu In-Home Power Plrnt Generation Generation Emissions 2.427 0 0.03%

* CumulativeNOx duction, 1996-2030= 205,243 mnsTable 9 Reduction of Pollu~ants forRoom Air Conditioners

## - Level Four C02Reduction (inThousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S. C02 Year Power Pluu In-Home Change Power Plant Emissions

0.04% 0.08% 0.11% 0.12% 0.12% 0.1 1% 0.09% 0.07% CumulativeC02reduction 1996-2030

### = 119 million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction(in Tons! Abated 

### from Abated from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Year Power Plant Lrr..Home Change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 1996 4.832 0 4.832 0.04%

CumulativeSO2reduction, 1996-2030= 261,109 

### tons
NOx Reduction (inTons) Abud from Abued from Net %U.S.NOx Power Pkru In-Home Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 3,033 0 0.04% 0.08% 0.11% 0.12% 0.12% 0.11% 0.09% 0.07% CumulativeNOx reduction. 1996-2030= 233507 tons


### 11Table 10 Reductionof Pollutanu for Room Air Condilioners Lvel Five CO2Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated 

### from Abated

### from Power

### Pluu In-Home &amtion Gemration r,a1 0 w35 0 4,731 0 5,9so 0 6,262 0 6,409 O 6,261 0 5,630 0 Net Change %

### U.S. COZ 

### PowuPlmt

CumulrtiveCC;2reduction, 1996-2036= 181 milliontonsof Ci)2
SO2Reducljon (in Tons) Abated 

### from Abated 

### from 

### PowerPlant In-Home Oenartion Generation 7,249 0 10538 0 14,379 0 15525 0 13,163 0 10,831 0 8-21 1 0 5,624 0 Net Change %

### U.S. SO2 

### PowuPlant

!%issioru 

# - 0.06% 0.12% 0.17% 0.18% 0.17% 0.16% 0.14% 0.12% Cumulative SO2nducdon, 1996-2030

### = 394,176 

### tons
NOx Reduction (inTons) A M hm Abated from 

### PowcrPlun In-Home Net 

### -nee %U.S. NOx 

### PowerPlant Emissions

0.06% 0.12% 0.17% 0.18% 0.17% 0.16% 0.14% 0.12% CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 353,124 tonsTable 11 Reduction ofPolluun~s for Room Air Conditioners

# - kvclSir C02 Reduction(in Thousand Tons) Abued from Abated from Nu %U.8. C02 Yur Power Pluu 

### In-Home Change. PowaPlant Emissions

0.07% 0.15% 0.22% 0.24% 0.23% 0.21% 0.19% 0.16% Cumulative CO2duction 1996-2030

### = 240 milliontons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Year 

### PowerPlm In-Home Change Power Plant Gtmrrtioa 

### Gemtion Emissions 1996 9,182 0 9,182 0.07%

Cumulrtive SO2dudon,1996-2030

### = 520335 tons
NOx Reduction(in Tons) Abated fmm Abued from Net %U.S.NO% Yur 

### PowerFlaat Gatmtion 

### In-Home Generation -ge PowuPlan1 Emissions 5,764 0 0.07% 9,863 0 0.15% 1 5,08 1 0 0.22% 17,732 0 0.24% 16,163 0 0.23% 14.252 0 0.21 % 11,995 0 0.19% 9,658 0 0.16% CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 466,729 tonsTable 12 Reduction of Pollulants forRoom Air Conditioners

# - Level Scven 02 Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated 

### fmm Abated 

### from % U.S. CO2 Power Pluu In-Home Powu Plant Guruation Generation Emissions 2,496 0 0.11%

CumduiveC02reduction. 1996-2030= 360 million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in 

### Tons) Abaled 

### from Abated

### from Net % U.S. SO2 Year Power 

### Plaru In-Home change Power 

### Plm Emissipns

0.11% 0.23% 032% 035% 033% 0.32% 0.29% 0.26% Cumulative SO2rtduction, 1996-2030 = 777,408 

### tons
NOxReduction(inTons) Abued 

### from Ahnted 

### from Net %U.S. NOx hwcrPluu In-Home -ge hwer Plant Oeneration Generation Emissions 8,797 0 0.1 1% 0.23% 032% 035% 0.34% 0.32% 0.29% 0.26% Cumulative NOx reduction, 1996-2030

### = 697,544 tons

### 3.2 

### WATER HEA7'EP.S &&cases in the amounts of CQ, 

### SO2, andNO, emitted at trial 

### stan- levels 1through


## . 8 arc 

### summarized 

### in Tables 13through 20. 3.2.1 

### Sulfur 

### and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Sulfur dioxide emissions would be decreased 

### by a cumulative total of 7.12 million tons between 1996and 2030 

### inthe level 

### 8 sanario. In the year 1996, decreases in sulfurdioxi& will repnscnt about 1.14% of the S4emissions estimated to come from 

### power plants in that 

### year. 

### In the year 

### 2030, dccmses in SO2 emissions will 

### represent about 2.44% of the SOd 

### emissions estimated to come 

### hm power plants in that 

### year. As discussed earlier, the possible reductions 

### of SOa emissions caused by standards 

### can be 

### earnd 

### as credits. 

### To the extent credits 

### ue used for htm 

### emissions, the standards' net effect on those SQ 

### emissions would 

### be only 

### a postponement. Level 8 design changes to water heaters would result in an estim~td decrease in NO, emissions of 7.1 1 million tons between 1996 

### and 2030. N0,decnases would represent 1.21% and 2.81% of the NO, 

### emissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### the years 1996 and 2030, respectively. 

### 3.23 

### Carbon Dioxide Emissions The cumulative reduction in CO,

### emissions from level 

### 8 design changes is 41 13million tons of 

### CO,. For the year 1996, the estimatd CQreduction is 33,450 thousand tons of 

### -or about 1.46% of estimated U.S. power plant CO, 

### emissions in 1996. For the year 2030, the estimatedCQreduction is 142,630khousand tons of C020rabout 2.97% of estimatedU.S. power plant CO, 

### emissions in 2030.Table 13 Reductionof Pollul~nls forWater Healers

# - Level One CO2Reduction (in

### Thousand Tons) Abued from Abated from Net %U.S. 02 Yur 

### Powerpluu Gaterrtion 

### In-Home Gdon -ge 

### PowuPlan1 Emissions 86 0 

### 0.m 252 0 0.01% 338 139 0.02% 170 0 0.01% 85 0 0.00% 169 55 0.01% 83 55 0.00% 166 0 0.m Cumulrtive C02reduction, 1996-2030= 7 million tons of 02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abaccd from Abated from % 

### U.S.SO2 

### Power

### Fbt In-Home 

### Powa Plant Emissions

0.00%

Cumulrtive SO2reduction. 1996-2030

### = 16,662 tons
NOx Reduction(inTons) Atwed 

### from Abated from Nct 

### 4bU.S. NOx Yur PowuPllru Garurtion 

### In-Home Gurention -ge 

### PowuPlant Emissions 303 0 0.00%



### ., CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030

## = 14,405 tons

### Ta ble 

### 14 Reductionof Pollutants for Wrtcr Hcrtcrs

# - Level Two 

### C02Reduaion (inThousandTons)
Year 

### 1996 Abated from Abated from 

### PowerPluu In-Home Guruuion Gcncruion 

### 689 84 Net Change



### 773 %

### U.S.C02 PowaPlant Emissions



### 0.03%

Cumulative

### C02 duction, 

### 1996-2030 = 59 million tom of 

### C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Year Power 

### Pluu In-Home Change Power Plant Emissions



### 0.03% 0.08% 0.1096 0.06% 0.04% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% Cumuluive

### SO2reduction. 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 145,477 tons


### NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from 

### 6U.S. 

### NOx Powcr~ la-Home 

### hwerPlant GMeration Oenemtion Emissions 

### 2.427 65 0.03% 4.93 1 

### 182 6,404 352 4,433 287 2.474 352 1,568 

### 287 840 

### 235 610 UK) Cumulative

### NOx duction, 

### 1996-2030 = 1 1

### 8,434tonsTable 15 Redudon ofPollutants for Watu Heaters 

# - Lvel Three C02Reduction (in ThousandTons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S.02 

### FbwPlant In-Home -ge Powu Pluu Gemation Oeauui Emissions

18,077 1.991 0.88% 44.m 4.286 70,802 6SOO 

## n,m 6911 74385 7520 76,651 781A 78,634 8,128 81 381 8517 CumulativeC02duction, 1Y96-2030

### = 2,607 million tons of02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Yur 

### hwerPlanl In-Home -ge Powu Plant Oarartion Oenention Emissions

101,482 939 0.80% 161486 2,035 215.169 3.287 192061 3,130 156360 3443 329,550 3.600 1W28 3,756 81.306 4,069 CumulativeSO2duction, 1996-2030 

### = 5,381.1 23 tons


### NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abued from Abuedfrom 4bU.S. NOx Yur 

### rnw~plm ~a-nome Fbwu Plant Emissions

0.81%

CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030

### = 4,890,115 tonsTable 

### 16 Reduction of 

### Pollutantsfor Water Heaters

# - Levcl Four 

### C02Reduction (in ThousandTons) Abated from Ahudfrom Net % 

### U.S. C02 Year Power Pluu 

### In-Home Change 

### PowaPlant Guwation Gtnention Emissions 2



### 21,263 2,156 1.02% 50,139 4.645 

### 2.19% 76,885 6,775 2.92% 79,727 7,270 2.70% 80,732 7850 2.47% 83313, 

### 8,154 231% 85,563 8598 2.15% 88,666 8,986 2.03% Cumulative 

### 0 2reduction, 

### 1996-2030 

### = 2837 million tons of 

### 02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abawlfrom Abated from Net %

### U.S. so2 Year PowerPluu' In-Home Change 

### PowaPiant Gaawation Generation Emissions



### 1

### 19363 939 0.94%

Cumulative 

### SO2reduction, 

### 1996-2030 

### = 5,885,240 tons



### NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abrudfrom Abated from Net 

### %U.S. NOx Year Pow 

### PIuu In-Home Change 

### Powa Plrnt Emissions



### 0.95%

Cumulative

### NOx reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 5,337,547 tonsa . Table 17 Reduction of Fblluwu for Watu Healers

# - Level Five CO2 Reduction 

### (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abpld from % U.S. C02 Year Pow Plaru 

### In-Home mwuPlrnl hention Ourention Emissions

21,176 2350 1.03% 49972 

### S034 2.19% 76,631 7,278 2.93% 79.47 2 7,717 2.71% 80,562 8,271 2.47% 83,144 8575 2.31% 85,479 8964 2.15% 88.583 9,408 2.04% CumulativeCO2 reduction, 1996-2030

### = 2845 million tons of CO2
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from % U.S. SO2 PowuPlsnt In-Home 

### mwuPlan1 Emissions

0.94%

Cumulative SO2reduction, l%U)U) r 5,890,278 tons
NOx Reduction

### (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S.NOx Year PowerPluu Generation In-Home Generation -ge PowaPlmt Emissions 74,624 2,135 0.95%

CumulativeNor reduction, 1996.2030 = 5,335,580 tonsTable 18 Reduction 

### of Polluwu forWater Heaters

# - Level Six
' 

### C02Reduction (in ?hwsand TOM) Abated from Abated from % 

### U.S. COZ Power Pluu In-Home Powu 

### Pluu Gencxati on

. Gemtion Emissions



### 28,063 2.21 1 

### 132% 65,986 4B5 101,218 5620 105,906 5,785 108235 6284 1

### 12,067 6588 115530 6977 119,960 7,475 Cumulative

### CO2reduction, 

### 19962030

### = 3,662 million tons of C02


### SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % 

### U.S. SO2 Year PPwerPlw In-Home Change Powu Plant Emissions



### 1.24% 266% 357% 333% 3.04% 2.88% 2.68% 

### 2.59% Cumulative

### S02reduction, 

### 19962030

### = 7,795,782 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abued from Abated from 

### 8U.S. NOx PPwerPluu 

### In-Home Powcr Plrnl Guruation Gemtion Emissions



### 98892 2018 1.25% 2.69% 3.61% 

### 336% 3.09% 2.92% 2.73% 2.61% CumulativeNOx duction, 

### 1996-2030

### = 6,9953%4tonsTable 19 ReductionofPolluunrs forWuaHeatcrs

# - kvcl Seven C02Reduction (in ThousandTom)
Year 1996 Abated from Abrtod from PowrPluu In-Home Oa#rcion Gemdon

28,149 3,175 Ntt Change

31324 %

### U.S. CO2 PowuPlant Emissions

137%

Cumulative

### COZ mductios 1996-2030 

### = 3,747 milliontons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Yeu Power Pllnr 

### In-Home Qunge

- Power

### Plrnc Oarartion Oureration 

### Emissions 1996 158,023 1896 159.1 18 1.24%

CumulativeSO2reduction, 19962030

### = 7,823,000 tons
NOx Reduction (inTons) 

### Ahredfrom Abredfrom Ntt 96U.S. NOx Year PomrPlrnt 

### In-Home Change

- PowaPlant Gauxation bration Emissions 1996 99,195 2923 102,117 1.26%

Cumulative NOx reduction, 7,085,801 tons

ITable 27 Reduction of Pollumts for Mobile Home Furnaces

# - Lcvtl TWO C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. C02 Year Power Plant In-Home Power Plant Generation

. Oureration Emissions 0 11 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

### i CumulativeC02 reduction, 1996-2030 = 1million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Year Power Plant In-Home Change Power Plant Generation Genemion Emissions 1996 0 0 0.00% 

### 2000 -30 -1 6 0.00% 2005 -5 1 47 0.00% 2010 -89 -63 0.00% 2015 -89 -78 0.00% 2020 -86 -94 0.00% 2025 -66 -1 10 0.00% 2030 -58 -1 10 0.00% Cumulative SO2reduction, 1996-2030= 46% tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from 9bU.S. NOx Year Powa Plant In-Home Powu Plrnt Generation Generation Emissions 0 10 0.00%

CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 541 tonsTable 28 Reduction of 

### Polluumu for Mobile Home Furnaces

# - Levcl 

### Three C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Ahtdfrom

. Net % U.S. C02 

### Year hwerPlrnt In-Home Change Power Plrnt Emissions

0.00%

Cumulative C02reduction. 1996-2030= -2million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 

### PowerPlant In-Home Change 

### Power Plant Geneation Gurention Emissions -97 47 0-OOSCI -21 1 -157 0.m -385 -297 -0.01 % -532 423 0.01% -534 -548 0.01% 470 -626 -0.02% -350 -626 -0.02% -240 -579 -0.02% Curnularive SO2 reduction, 1996-2030 = -28,747 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. NOx 

### Year PowerPlant In-Home Change 

### PowerPlant Emissions

0.00%

Cumulative NOx reduction, 1996-2030 = -6.507 tonsTable 29 Reduction of Pollutanu for Mobile Home Furnaces

# - Lcvcl Four C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. C02' Year Powcr Plant In-Home Change Powcr Plant

. Genmtion Generatian Emissions 1996 -34 37 3 0.00%

CumulativeC02reduction, 19%-2030

### = -8 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 ' Yerr Powcr Plant In-Home Change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 1996 -193 -94 -287 0.00%

CumulativeSO2reduction, 1996.2030= -54,358 tons
NO1Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abued from Net %U.S. NOx Powwpluu In-Home chrngc Power Plant Emissions

0.00%

Cumulative NOx reduction, 1996-2030 = -15.78 1 tonsTable 30 Reduction of Pollutantsfor Mobile Home Furnaces

# - Lvcl Fivc C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. c02 

### PowerPlant In-Home Chrnge Power Plant

. Generation Generation Emissions -77 111 0.00% -268 293 0.00% -558 449 0.00% -84 1 527 4.01 % -1,075 537 4.01 % -1,164 420 4.02% -1.119 264 4.02% -1,035 147 4.02% CumulativeC02reduction. 1996-2030= -15 million tons of CO2
SO2Reduclion (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. SO2 Year Power Plant In-Home Change PowerPlant haation Generation 

# - Emissions 435 -141 0.00% -964 -579 4.02% -1,695 -1,158 4.03% -2,196 -1,737 4.05% -2,229 -2,301 4.06% -1,967 -2,723 4.07% -1,467 -2,848 4.07% -1,034 -2,801 4.08% CumulativeSO2reduction, 1996-2030= -122,401 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from 96U.S. NOx Power Plant In-Home Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions -273 120- 0.00%

CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= -33.753 tonsTable 31 Rcduction ofPollutanu for Mobile Homc Fumaccs

# - Lcvcl Six C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. C02 Year Power H~N In-Home Change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 1996 -164 159 -5 0.00%

Cumulative C02reduction, 1996-2030= 49million tons ofC02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Year Powa Plant In-Home Change PowaPlrnt Genuation Generation Emissions -918 -297 -0.01% -2,138 -1,330 -3,697 -2,676 4,768 -3,88 1 4,856 -5,07 1 4,162 -6,025 -3,120 -6,370 -2,266 -6,479 CumulativeSO2reduction, 1996-2030

### = -269,787 tons
NOx Reduction (inTons) Abaud from Abated from Net %US. NOx PowerPluu In-Home Change Power Plrnt Generation Generation Emissions -576 181 0.m -1591 487 -0.02% -2,975 784 -0.03% 4,144 992 -0.04% 4.502 1,081 -0.05% 4,162 915 -0.05% -3.41 9 673 -0.04% -2.786 454 -0.04% CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= -87,340 tons

### 3.5 RANGES AND OVENS Decnases in the amounts of CO,, 

### SO2, andNO, 

### an presented for cooktops, conventional ovens and microwave ovens. Trial standards levels 1

### through 

### 5 for cooktops 

### are summarid 

### in Tables 32 through 36, trial standards levels 

### 1through 

### 5 for conventional ovens 

### arc summarized 

### in Tables 37 through 41, and trial 

### standards levels 1 through 5 for microwave ovens art 

### summariztd in Tables 42 through 46. 

### 3.5.1 Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

Sulfurdioxide emissions would be decreased by a cumulative total of 0.09 million tons between 1996and 2030 in the level 5 scenario. 

### I;! the year 1996,decrtases 

### in sulfurdioxide will represent about 0.01% of the SO2 emissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### that year. In the year 2030, decreases in SO2 emissions will 

### represent about 0.04% of the 

### SO,emissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### that year. As discussed earlier, the possible reductions of SO2 emissions caused by 

### standards can be 

### earned as credits. To the extent credits 

### are used for future emissions, the standardss net effect on those SO2 emissions would bc 

### only a postponement. Level 5 design changes to cooktops would result in 

### an estimated 

### demase in 

### NO, emissions of 0.21 million tons between 1996 and 2030. NO, decreases would represent 0.02% and 0.1 1% of the NO, emissions estimated to come from power plants in the years 1996 

### and 2030, respectively. Conventional Ovens 

### Sulfurdioxide emissions would be decreased by 

### a cumulative total of 

### 0.40 million tons between 1996 and 2030 in 

### the level 5 scenario. 

### In the year 1996,decnascs in sulfurdioxidcwill

, 

### represent about 0.04% of the SO2 emissions estimated to come from power plants 

### in that 

### year. In the year 2030, decreases in SO2 emissions will represent about 0.15% of the SO,emissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### that year. As discussed above, the possible reductions of SO, emissions caused by standards can bc 

### earned as credits. To the extent 

### credits 

### are used .for future emissions, the standards' net effect on those SO2 emissions would be 

### only a postponement. Level 5 design changes to conventional ovens would result in 

### an estimated chease 

### in NO, emissions of 0.45 million tons between 1996 and 2030. NO, decreases would repsent 0.05% and 0.19% of the NO, emissions estimated to come from power plants in the years 1996 and 2030, resptctively. .

. ,

### Microwave Ovens Sulfur dioxide emissions would be 

### decreased by a cumulative total of 0.19 million tons between 1996 and 2030 in the level 5 scenario. In the year 1996,decreases in sulfurdioxide will represent about 0.05% of the SO2 emissions estimated to come from power pl~?ts in that year. 

### In the year 2030, dcmases in SO2 emissions will repnstnt about 0.02% of the SO, emissions estimated to come from power plants in that year. As 

### discussed above, the possible reductions of SO2 emissions caused by standards 

### can be eamed 

### as cndits. 

### To the 

### extent dts 

### an used for fum emissions, the standards' net effect on those SO, emissions would be 

### only a postponement. Level 5 design changes to microwave ovens would result in an estimated decrease

### in NO, emissions of 0.16 million tons between 1996 and 2030. NO, &creases would represent 0.05% and 0.02% of the NO, emissions estimated to come 

### tbm power plants in the years 1996 and 2030, respectively. 3.5.2 

### Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

### Cookiops The cumulative reduction in 

### (Qemissions from level 

### 5 design changes is 172 million tons of CQ. 

### For the year 1996, the estimated 

### O2 reduction is 1028 thousand tons of CQ 

### or

. 

### about 0.04% of estimated U.S. power plant CO,emissions in 1996. For the year 2030, the 

### estimated C0,reduction is 6139 thousand tons of C020rabout 0.13% of estimated U.S. power plant 

## CO,emissions in 2030. 

### Conventional Ovens The cumulative reduction in CQemissions from level 5 &sign changes is 280 million tons of C02. 

### For the year 1996, the 

### estimated CO,reduction is 

### 1442 thousand tons of CQor about 0.06% of estimated U.S. power plant C02emissionsin 1996. For the 

### year 2030, the estimated C02reductionis 9897 thousand tons of C020rabout 0.21% of estimated U.S. power plant 

### CO,emissions in 2030. 

### Microwave Ovens The cumulativeduction in CQemissions hm 

### level 5 design changes is 71 million tons of 

### CO,. For the year 1996, the estimated C0,reduction is 1085 thousand tons of 

## CO,or about

. 

### 0.05% of estimated U.S. power plant 

## CO,emissions in 

### 1996. For the year 2030, 

### thc estimated CQreduction is 1076 thousand tons of C020rabout 0.02% of estimatedU.S. power plant CO, 

### emissions in 2030.Table 32 Reduction of Pollumts for Cooktops

# - Lcvcl Onc
' C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Nct %

### U.S.C02 Year Power P~N In-Home Change Power Plant Gururtion Generation Emissions 0 

### 55 0.00%

Cumulative

### CO2 reduction. 1996-2DU) = 1 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Year Power Plm In-Home Change Power Plant Genuation Generation Emissions 0 0 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.m 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% CumulativeSO2reduction, 19962030 = 

### 265 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from 

### Net %US. NOx Year 

### Power 

### Pluu In-Home change mwuPlant Oenention Generation Emissions 0 

### 53 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.0090 0.0090 CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030 = 997 tonsTable 33 Reductionor Pollutants lor Cooktops

# - Level Two C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abedfrom Net %

### U.S. c02 Yur Pow Plant In-Home Change PowuPlarrt Gareruion Guruuion 86 715 168 1,760 338 3D80 510 4.290 

### SU 4,675 422 4675 417 4675 580 4565 CumulativeC02reduction, 19962030= 144 million tonsof C02
SO23eduction (in Tons) Abated from Abatd from 

### Na 90 i.3. SO2 Ymr Power PlaN In-Home Change PowuPlant Garention Gururtion Emissions 1996 483 0 483 0.0%

CumulativeSO2 reduction. 1%2030 = 29.529 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abued from Net %US. NOx Yur PbwuPluu 

### In-Home Chrnge PowaPlrnt Emissions

0.01%

CumulativeNOx duction, 1996-2030= 151.231 tonsTable 31 Reduction of Polluwls for Cooktops

# - kvel Three 

### C02 Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abatd from %

### U.S. c02 Year Power Plant In-Home Powa Plrnt Genuation Generation Emissions 

### 0 880 

### 0.04%

Cumulative 

### 0 2reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 150 million tom of 

### 02


### SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abaid from Nel %

### U.S. SO2 Year Power Plant In-Home Change hwa Plant Guruation Generation Emissions 

### 1996 0 

### 0 0 0.m

CumulativeSO2 reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 17264 tons
N9xReduction (inTons) Ahredfrom Abatd from Net 

### %U.S. NOx Yur Pbwer Plant In-Home Chur~t PbwaPlmt

Cumulative

### NOx reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 150,971 tonsTable 35 Reduction ofPollutants for Coohops 

# - Lcvcl Four CO2 Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. C02 Power Plant In-Home Change Power Plant Emissions

0.05%

Cumulative

### 0 2reduction, 1996-2030= 193 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated fmm Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Power Pluu In-Home Change Power Plant Gamation Generation Emissions 2,416 0 0.02%

CumulativeSO2reduction, 199&2030 

### = 156,128 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons)
Year Abated 

### from Abucd fmm 

### Pbwu

### Pk k-Home %U.S. 

### NOx Power Plrnt Emissions

0.03%

CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 254,836 tonsTable 36 Reduction of Polluwrs for Cooktops 

# - hvcl Fivc C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. C02 Power Pluu In-Home Chrnge Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 258 770 0.04%

CumulativeC02reduction, 1996-2030= 172 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. SO2 Year Power Pluu In-Home Change Power Plant Gcamtion Generation Emissions 1996 1,450 0 0.01 %

Cumulative SO2 reduction, 1996-2030= 92,421 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tom) Abued from Abated from Net %U.S. NOx Year Pow 

### Plw Ouraation In-Home Gemration kge Powa Plant Emissions 910 735 0.02% 1,733 2,479 3,277 4D43 3,134 4305 2,708 4305 2,279 4305 2,135 4,200 Cumulative NOx reduction, 1996-2030= 206,040 ionsTable 37 Reduction of Polluuntsfor Overis

# - bvel Onc C02 Reduction (inThousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. C02 Power Plant In-Home Change Power Plan1 Generation Oeneration 86 110 335 275 676 550 850 

## no 846 880 843 825 668 770 745 715 CumulativeC02 reduction, 1996-2030 = 46 million tons of CO2
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. SO2 Year

. hwPlant In-Home =we Powa Plant Geaauion Generation Emissions 1996 433 0 0.00% 2000 1.204 0 0.01% 2005 2054 0 0.02% 2010 2218 0 0.03% 2015 1.779 0 0.02% 2020 1,425 0 0.02% 2025 876 0 0.02% 2030 744' 0 0.02% Cumul8IiveSO2reduction, 199C2030= 51,111 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abusd from Abated from %U.S. NOx hwPlant In-Home hwa Plrnt Oawation Generation Emissions 303 105 0.01 %

CumulativeNOx duc,tion, 1996-2030= 67,149 

### tonsTable 38 Reduction of Polluunts for Ovens 

## - Levcl Two C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abrlcd from Abated from Net % U.S. 02 Yuu Power Pluu In-Home change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 

### 172 275 0.02%

CumulativeC02reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 93 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Yuu 

### Power Pluu hation In-Home Oeoention -ge Powu Plant Emissions 

### 966 0 0.01%

Cumulative 

### SO2reduction, 

### 1996-2030 

### = 91,860tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abucd from Abated from Na 9bU.S. NOx Year 

### Power Pluu In-Home Change mwuPlant Emissions



### 0.01% 0.03% 0.06% 0.07% 0.07% 

### 0.06% 0.06% 0.05% CumulativeNOx reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 130,408tonsTable 39 Reduction ofPollutants for 

### Ovcns 

## - hvel Three 

### C02 Reduction (innousand

### Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S.02 

### Year Power Rant In-Home Change Power Plant Garartion Generation Emissions 

### 430 385 0.04% 0.08% 0.14% 0.17% 0.17% 0.15% 0.13% 0.12% Cumulative

### C02reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 165 million tons of 

### 02


### SO2Reduction (inTons) Abated from Abated from Net % 

### U.S.SO2 

### Year PowerPlant In-Home Change Powu Plan1 -ation Generadon Emissions 

### 2,416 0 0.02%

Cumulative 

### SO2reduction, 199C2030

### = 201,949 tons



### NOx Reduction 

### (inTons) Abated from Abated from Net 

### 96U.S. NOx 

### Year Pbwer Plant In-Home -Be Powa Plant Emissions



### 0.02%

Cumulative

### NOx rtduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 249364 tonsTable 40 Reduction ofPolluolnls for Ovens 

## - Level Four C02Reduction (inThousand Tons) Abalcd from Abated from Net % U.S. c02 Power Plaru In-Home Change Powu Plant Generation Generadon Emissions 516 440 0.04%

Cumulative C02reduction. 1996-2030= 187 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Power Plant In-Home Change Powu Plant Generation Generation 2.899 0 5,119 0 8,216 0 9,980 0 8,716 0 6,841 0 5,255 0 4,053 0 Cumulative SO2 reduction, 19962030= 238528 tons
NOx Rcduc tion (in Tons) Abalcd from Abated from Net %U.S. NOx Year Power Plant Gureration In-Home Generation kge Power Plant Emissions 1,820 420 0.03%

CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 287.223 tonsTable 41 Reduclion ofPollutants for Ovens

# - Lcvcl Five 

### C02 Reduction (inThousand Tons) Abated from Abedfrom Net 5% U.S. 

### C02 Year Power Pluu In-Home Change Powa Plant Generation OenMtion Emissions 947 495 0.06% 

### 2,432 1.210 

### 4.478 

### W!JO 6375 2915 6,939 3.190 6.999 3,135 6.928 3W 7,037 

### 2360

' Cumulative

### C02 reduction, 19%-2030 = 280 million tons of C02


### SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abrtcd from Net % U.S. SO2 Power Pluu 

### In-Home Change Powu Plant Emissions

0.04%

Cumulative SO2 reduction, 19962030

### = 404,878 tons



### NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abudfrom Net %U.S. NOx mwer Pluu 

### In-Home Change mwuPlant Geaualion Generation Emissions 3337 

### 473 0.05%

Cumulative NOx Feduction. 1996-2030= 45 1,360 tonsTable 42 Reduction ofPolluuvlu for Microwave Ovens

# - Lcvcl Onc C02Reduc~ion (in ThousandTons)
Year Abated fmm Abtdfmm Power Placu In-Home Generation Genention 723 0 % U.S. C02 Power Plant Emissions

0.03%

Cumulative02 reduction, 19%-2030 = 39 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Year Power Plm In-Homc Change Power Plant Genuation Generation Emissions 4,059 0 0.03%

CumulativeSO2 duction, 1996-2030= 1 18,044 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abaltd from Abated fmm Net %U.S. NOx kwer Plan! In-Home Change Powa Plant Generation Generation Emissions 2,548 0 0.03%

CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 94.479 tonsTable 43 Reduction of Pollutantsfor Microwave Ovens Level Two CO2Reduction (in Thousand Tons)
Year Abaud Imm Abated from PowerPlant In-Home Generation Generation 

# - 844 

### 0 1.845 0 

### 2,737 0 

### 1643 0 1,252 

### 0 295 0 284 

### 0 290 

### 0 Net Change %

### U.S. c02 Power Plant Emissions

0.04%

Cumulative

### C02reduction, 

### 19%-2030 = 48 million tons of 02
SO2Reduction 

### (in Tons)



### . Year Abued fmm Abated from Power Plm In-Home Qauration Generation 

### 4,736 0 6.624 0 

### 8319 0 

### 6,897 0 

### L633 0 499 

### 0 372 ' 

### 0 289 

### 0 Net Change %

### U.S. so2 Power Plant Emissions

0.04%

Cumulative

### S02reduction, 

### 19962030= 138308 tons
NOx Reduction(in Tons)
Year AbYed 

### from Abued from PowuPlant In-Home Ciamation Generation 

### 2,973 0 Net change %U.S. NOx Power Plant Emissions

0.04%

CumulativeNOx nduction, 

### ,996-2030 = 

### 112.216 tonsTable 41 Reduction ofPollulants for Microwave Ovens 

## - Lcvcl Thrcc C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) ' Abard from Abated from NCI 

### 46 U.S. C02 

### Year Power Plant In-H .me Change Power Plant Guruation .Gencm:ion Emissions 938 0 0.04% LO1

### 2 

### 0 2,957 

### 0 2,873 0 1,498 0 548 0 93 0 563 0 CumulativeC02reduction, 1996-2030= 56 million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 

### Year Power Plm In-Home Change Powu Plant hation Generation Emissions 5,267 0 0.04%

Cumulative SO2reduction, 1996-2030 = 156,181 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abatedfrom Net %U.S. NOx 

### Year Power 

### Pluu In-Home Change PowerPlant Gumation Generation Emissions 3306 0 0.04%

CumulativeNOx duction, 1996-2030= 127,936 tonsTable 45 Reduction of Polluianui lor Microwave Ovcns

# - bvcl Four 

### C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abaced from Abated from Net %

### U.S.c02 Year Power Plaru In-Home Change Power Plant Guruation Generation Emissions 

### 1,024 0 0.04%

Cumulative

### C02 reducuon, 

### 1996-2030 = 65 million tons of C02


### SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Year Power Plant In-Home Change Power Plant Gauxation Generation Emissions 

### 5,751 0 0.04% 7,919 0 9,834 

### 0 8.272 0 3,789 0 1,468 0 1,139 0 893 0 Cumulative 

### SO2rduction. 

### 19962030= 1

### 77,609tons



### NOx Reduction 

### (inTons) Abated from Abated from Net 9bU.S. NOx Year PowerPlaru In-Home Change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 

### 3.61 0 0 0.0470

Cumulative

### NOx reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 146.928 tonsTable 46 Reduction ofPollutan~ forMicrowavc Ovcns 

## - Lcvcl Five C02Reduction (inThousand Tons) Abated from Abatd from Net % U.S. c02 

### Year Power Hm In-Home Change Power Plan1 Emissions

0.05%

Cumulative C02reduction, 1996-2030= 71 million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abatd from % U.S. SO2 

### Year Power Plm In-Home Power Plant Guruation Generation Emissions 6.089 0 0.05%

Cumulative S02reduction, 19962030= 189,945 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abatd from Net %U.S. NOx 

### Year PowerPlm In-Home Change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 3,822 0 0.05%

Cumulative NOx reduction. 1996-2030= 157,793tons

### 3.6 

### POO'&

## HEATERS ~ec&ases in the amounts of CQ, 

### SO2, andNO, emitted at trial 

### standards levels 1through

, 

### 4 

### for gas 

### pool heaters 

### arc summarized in 

### Tables 47 

### through 50. 

### 3.6.1 

### Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxide 

### Emissions Sulfur dioxide emissions would be dccmsed by a cumulative 

### total of 0.00 

### million tons between 1996and 2030 

### in the level 4

### rxnario. In the year 1996, decreasesin sulfur dioxidewill represent about 0.00% 

### of the SQ emissions 

### estimated to come from power plants in 

### that year. In the year 

### 2030, 

### decreases in SQ emissions will 

### represent about 0.00% 

### of the SQ emissions estimated to come fim 

### power plants in that year. Level 4 

### &sign changes to 

### pool heaters would nsult in 

### an estimated denease in 

### NO, emissions of 0.04 

### million tons between 1996 and 

### 2030. 

### N0,dcneascs would -sent 0.003% 

### and 0.03% 

### of the NO, emissions estimated to cornt; from power plants in the years 1996 and 2030, 

### nspectively

## . 3.6.2 

### Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

### The cumulativereduction in 

### CO,emissions

### from level 4

### design changes is 43 

### million tons of CQ. 

### For the year 1996, the estimated CO,

### reduction is 270 

### thousand tons of C02 

### or about

' 

### 0.01% of estimattd 

### U.S. power plant 

### CO,emissions in 1996. For the year 2030, 

### the estimated ~nduction is 1744thousand tons of CQor about 0.04% 

### of estimated U.S. power plant 

## COz emissions in 2030.Table 47 Reduction orPollutanu forPool Heaters 

# - Level One C02Reduction (inThousand Tons) Abaud from Abated from Net %

### U.S.c02 Power 

### Pluu In-Home Change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 0 110 0.00% 0.01% 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.00% 0.00% 0.m 0.00% CumulativeCQ2 reduction, 1996-2030= 4 million tons of CO2
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S.so2 Power 

### Pluu In-Home Change Power Plant Emissions

0.00%

Cumulative SO2redudon, 1996-2030= , 0 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abrred 

### from Abated from Net %U.S. NOx 

### Rower Plant In-Home RowerPlant Gaxxation Generation Emissions 0 105 0.00%

Cumulrtive NOx reduction, 1996-2030= 3864 tonsTable 48 Reduction of Polluunu forPool Healers

# - Levd Two 

### C02Reduction (in ThousandTons) Abued from Abaled from Net %

### U.S. C02 Year Pomr Plmt In-Home Powu Plmt Emissions

0.01%

CumulativeC02reduction, 1996-2030 12 million tons of CO2


### SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Year Power Pluu In-Home Qunge Powu 

### Plan1 Oureration Generation Emissions 0 0 0.00%

CumulativeSO2reduction, 1996-2030

### = 0 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abutd from Abued from Na 

### 9bU.S.NOx Year Power PIuu In-Home 

### Qunm


## - Powu Plant Genuation Generation Emissions 0 142 142 0.m

CumulativeNOx reduction. 1996-2030= 11,870 tonsTable 49 Reduction of Pollu~ants for Pool Healcn

# - Level Three C02 Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abred from Abated from Net % U.S. 02 Power

### Plrnt In-Home Change Power Pluu Ocnention Generation Emissions 0 226 0.0 1% 0.02% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% Cumulative CO2reduction. 1996-2030 = 32 million tons of 02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Ahledfrom Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Yur Powa Plant In-Home Chmgc: Power Plrnt Oareration Generation 

# --- Emissions 0 0 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% CumulativeSO2reduction, 1996-2030 = 0 

### tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Alulbd from Abated from %U.S. NOx Yur Power

### Pluu In-Home PowaPlant hation Generation Emissions 0 215 0.00%

Cumulative NOx reduction, 1996-2030= 30.508 tonsTable 50 Reduction ofPolluunu forPool Heatcn

# - Lvel Four C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons)
Year 1996 Abated from Abubd from PowerPluu In-Home Oeaurtion Chamtion 

### 0 270 Net Change

270 % U.S. C02 Power Plant Emissions

0.01%

Cumulative C02reduction, 1996-2030

### = 43 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Year Power

### Pluu In-Home Change Power Plant Geamtion Generation Emissions 1996 0 0 0 0.00%

CumuluiveSO2reduction, 1996.2030 = 0 tons
NOx Reduction (inTons) Abated from Abated from Net %US.NOx Year Power

### Pluu Io-Home Change Power Plant Gareration Generation Emissions 0 257 257 0.00%

CurnulaliveNOx rduction. 1996-2030= 4 1,I 76 tons

### 3.7 

### FLUORESCENT BALLASTS Decreases in the amounts of 

### CO,,SO,, andNO, 

### are presented for two baseline cases: alow demand side management @SM) case and a high DSM case. Demand side management programs 

### are offered by utilities for the purpose of reducing end-use energy demand. Trial standards levels 1 through 3 for the low DSM casc 

### an summarized in Tables 51 through 53 while ha1

### standards levels 1 through 3 for the high DSM casc 

### an summarized 

### in 

### Tables 54 through 56. 

### For 

### an explanationof the differencesin the two cases, please refer 

### tothe appropriate sections and appendices in the Technical Support Document. 

### 3.7.1 Sulfur and 

### Nitrogen Oxide Emissions 

### Low DSM Case 

### Sulfur dioxide emissions would be decreased by 

### a cumulative total of 2.99 million tons between 

### 1996and 2030 in 

### the level 3 scenario. In the year 1996,decreases in sulfur dioxidewill represent about 0.06% of the S0,emissions estimated to come from power plants in that year. In the year 2030, decreases in SQ emissions will 

### represent about 1.18% of the SQcmissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### that year. As discussed earlier, the possible ductions of SO, emissions caused by 

### standards can be earned 

### as credits. To the extent dts 

### are used for future emissions, the standards' net effect on those SO2 emissions would be 

### only a postponement. Level 3 design changes to fluorescent ballasts would result in an estimated 

### deneast in NO, emissions of 2.74 million tons between 1996 and 2030. NO, decreases would repsent 0.06% and 1.18% of the N0,emissions estimated to come from power plants 

### in the years 1996 and 2030, respectively. High 

### DSM Case 

### Sulfur dioxide emissions would be decreased by a cumulative total of 0.72 million tons between 1996and 2030 in 

### the level 3 scenario. In the year 1996,decreases in sulfurdioxide will npresent about 0.06% of the S02emissionsestimated to come from power plants in that year. In the year 2030, decreases in SO2 emissions will represent about 0.28% of the S0,emissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### that year. As discussed above, the possible reductions of SO2 emissions caused by 

### standards can be 

### earned as credits. To the extent 

### crtdits 

### are used for 

### fum emissions, the standards' net effect on those SO, emissions would be 

### only a postponement. Level 3 design changes to fluorescent ballasts would result in 

### an estimated decrease 

### in NO, emissions of 0.65 million tons between 1996 and 2030. NO, decreases would repnsent 0.06% and 

### 0.27% of the N0,emissions estimatd to come from power plants in the years 1996 and 2030, respectively.

### 3.7.2 

### Carbon ~ioxide 

### Emissions Low 

### DSM Case The cumulativereduction in CO,emissions from level 3 

### design changes is 1450 

### million tons of CO,. 

### For the year 1996, 

### the estimated CO, rleduction is 1325 

### thousand tons of 

## CQor about 0.06% 

### of estimated U.S. 

### power plant CO,emissions 

### in 1996. 

### For the year 

### 2030, 

### the estimated 

## CO,reduction is 56,050 

### thousand tons of CO,or 

### about 1.17% 

### ofestimatedU.S. 

### power plant 

## C Qemissions in 2030. 

### High 

### DSM Case The cumulative reduction in 

### CO,emissions 

### from level 3 

### &sign changes is 338 

### million tons of CO,. For the year 1996, 

### the estimated CO,nduction is 1419 

### thousand tons of 

### CQor about 0.06% 

### of estimated U.S. power plant 

### CO,emissions in 1996. 

### For the year 2030, 

### the estimated CO, reduction is 12,957 

### thousand tons of CO,or about 0.27% 

### of estimated U.S.power plant 

### 0, emissions in 2030.Table 51 Reduction of Pollulmls forFluorescent BdIasls (LOW 

### DSM Case) 

# - kvel One C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S.C02 Year Power Plm In-Home Chrnge Power Plant Genuation Generation Emissions 

### 990 -41 

### 0.04%

Cumulative C02 reduction, 1996-2030= 1.174 million tons of CO2
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S.SO2 Yur Power 

### PI- in-Home Chrnge PowerPlant Generation Generation Emissions 5,557 -16 

### 0.04%

CumulativeSO2 nduction, 19962030= 2417.491 tons
NOx Reduction(in Tons) Abrued frorn Abated from Net 

### %U.S. NOx Year Power 

### Pluu In-Home Change PowaPlant Generation Emissions -38 

### 0.04%

CumulativeNOx nduction, 1996-2030 = 2.21 8.305 tonsTable 52 Reductionof ?ol!ulants for Fluorescent Ballasts (Low 

### DSM Casc) 

# - Levcl Two C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abatcd from Net % U.S. 02 Power Plaru In-Home 

### Change Power Plant Emissions

0.05%

Cumulative C02reduction, 19%-2030 = 1358 million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S.SO2 Year Power Plaru 

### In-Home CRangc Powu Plant Emissions

0.05% 0.54% 1.02% 1.37% 1.38% 1.35% 1.28% 1.10% CumulativeS02reduction, 19962030

### = 2,797,165 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abatodfrom Abued from Net %US. NOx Year Power Plaru In-Home Change Power Plant Genuation Generation Emissions 4,186 -55 0.05% 36.346 -529 7 1,749 -1,073 100,628 -1,550 98.056 -1,673 91,127 -1,693 82,352 

# -1,723 65,708 -1373 CumulativeNOx reduction. 1996-2030= 2.566.401 tonsTable 53 Reduction of Pollutants for Fluorescent Ballasts (Low DSM Case) 

# - Level Three C02Reduciion (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated frorn Nel % U.S. 02 Year Power Plant In-Home Change Power Plant Guruation Generation Emissions 1,386 -6 1 0.06% 036% 1 .05% 1.41% 1.44% 1 

## .a% 1.35% 1.17% CumulativeCOZ reduction, 1996-2030= 1,450million tons of 02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. so2 Year Power Plant In-Home Chsnge Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions 7,780 -3 1 0.06%

Cumulative SO2reduction, 1996-2030= 2,985,814 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. NOx Power Plant Generation In-Home Generation change Power Plant Emissions 4,884 -55 0.06%

Cumulative NOx reduction. 1996-2030= 2.739.383 tonsTable 54 Reduction ofhl~uldnts for HuoresceruBallasu (HighDSM Case) 

# - Level One C02Reduction (inThousand Tons) Abad from Abated from Ner Year Pbwer Plant In-Home Change %

### U.S. C02 Power Plant Emissions

0.05%

Cumulative C02reduction, 1996-2030= 250 million tons of C02
SO2Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %

### U.S. SO2 Year Power Plant In-Home Change Powu Plant Emissions

0.05%

Cumulative SO2reduction 1996-2030= 536,129 tons
NOx Reduction (inTons) A M from Abated from PbwcrPluu In-Home

Cumulative NOx reduction, 1996-2030= Net -ge

(tons) 3,794 8,381 14,518 18,777 17,161 15,446 13,385 11,921 %U.S.Nox Powa Plant Emissions

0.05% 0.13% 0.21% 0.26% 0.25% 0.23% 0.21 % 0.20% 483,s 17 tonsTable 55 Reduction of Pollulanls for Fluoresccru Ballasts (High DSM Case) 

# - Lcvel Two C02Reduction (in.Thwsand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. c02 Power Pluu Ln-Home Change Power Plant Emissions

0.05%

CumulativeC02reduction. 1996-2030= 307 million tons of 02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abatd from Net 46 U.S. SO2 Power Plant In-Home Change Powu Plan1 Generation Generation Emissions 7,225 -3 1 0.06% 14,197 -78 22,441 -125 26,780 -172 23,116 -157 19,340 -141 15,360 -141 12,080 -63 CumulativeSO2reduction, 1996-2030

### = 657,463tons '
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abucd from Abated from Net %U.S. NOx PowerPlan~ In-Home kge hwu Plant Emissions

0.06%

Cumulative NOx reduction, 1996-20302 593,047 tonsTable 56 Reduction of Pollulanls for Fluortsceru Ballau (High 

### DSM Case) 

# - Level Three C02 Reduciion (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abiued from Net % U.S. C02 Year Power Plant In-Home Change Power Plant Genuation Generation Emissions 1996 1,485 46 1,419 0.06%

CumulativeC02reduction, 19%-2030= 338 million tons of C02 SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S. SO2 Year Powerplant In-Home Change PowuPlant Gureration Generation Emissions 1996 8336 -31 8,305 0.06%

Cumulative S02reduction, 1996-2030= 723,969 tons
NO% Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. 

### NO% Fower Plant In-Home Change Power Plant Otnaation Generation Emissions 5,233 -60 0.06%

CumulativeNOx nduction, 1996-2030= 652.995 tons

### 3.8 

## TELEVISIONS Decreases in the amounts of CO,, SO,, and NO, emitted at trial 

### standards levels 1 

### through 

### 3 

### arc summarized in 

### Tables 57 

### through 59. 

### 3.8.1 

### Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxide 

### Emissions Sulfur dioxide emissions would be 

### dtcnased by 

### a cumulative total of 0.60 million tons between 1996and 2030 

### in the level 

### 3 scenario. 

### In the 

### year 1996,decreases 

### in sulfurdioxide

### will represent about 0.08% of the 

### S 4emissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### that year. 

### In the 

### ycar 2030, decreases in SQ 

### emissions will repxtscnt about 0.16% of the SQ 

### emissions estimated to come from power plants in that year. As discussed 

### earlier, the possible reductions 

### ofSO, emissions caused by 

### standards can be 

### earned 

### as dts. To the extent 

### credits 

### an used for future 

### emissions, the standards' net effect on those S4 emissions would be 

### only 

### a postponement. Level 3 design changes to televisions would result in 

### an estimated decrease in 

### NO, emissions of 0.53 million tons between 1996 and 2030. N0,decxtases would represent 0.08% and 0.16% of the NO, emissions estimated to come from power plants in 

### the years 1996 and 2030, respectively. 3.8.2 

### Carbon Dioxide 

### Emissions The cumulative reduction in 

### CO,emissions from level 3 design changes is 263 million tons of 

## CO,. For the year 1996, the estimated 

### CO,nduction is 1902 thousand tons of CQm 

### about 0.08% of estimated 

### U.S. power plant CO, 

### emissions 

### in 1996. For the 

### ycar 2030, the estimated CO, reduction is 7774 

### thousand tons of Color about 0.16% of estimated 

### U.S. power plant CQemissions in 

### 2030.Table 57 ReductionofPollulants forTelevisions 

# - Level One C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons)



### Year 1996 Abated from Abated from PomrPluu Lo-Home Generation Gcncntion 542 0 Net Change

542 %U.S. C02 Power Plant Emissions

0.02%

CumulativeC02reduction, 1996-2030

### = 43 million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated fi#~m Abar d f~om Net % U.S. SO2 

### Year hwerPlm In-Home Change Powu Plant Generation Genendon Emissions 3.044 0 3.044 0.02%

Cumulauve SO2reduction. 1996-2030

### = 120,177 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net %U.S. NOx Year Power Pluu &-Home Change hwtrPlrnt Gauxation Guwfition (tons) Emissions 1996 1,911 0 1,911 0.02%

Cumulative NOx duction, 1996-7B30 = 99,42R mnsTable 58 Reduction of Pollutants forTelevisions 

## - Lcvel Two C02Reduction.(in Thousand Tons) * Abated from Abated fm.n Net % 

### U.S.C02 Year Power Plant &-Home Change Powet Plant haation Genemticm Emissions 

### 981 

### 0 0.04%

Cumulative 

### 0 2reduction. 

### 19%-2030 = 

### 108 million tons of CO2


### SO2 Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % 

### U.S. SO2 Year Power Plaru In-Home Change Power 

### Plant Generation Generation Emissions 

### 5509 0 0.04%

Cumulative 

### SO2reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 261,149 tons



### NOx Reduction (inTons) Abattd from Abated from Net 

### %U.S. NOx Power Pluu 

### In-Home change Power Plant Emissions



### 0.04%

Cumulative

### NOx reduction, 

### 1996-2030 = 

### 225.21 

### 7 tonsTable 59 Rcductionof Pollu~ants for Televisions 

# - Level Three C02Reduction (in Thousand Tons) Abated from Abated from Net % U.S.C02 Yw Power Pluu In-Home Change Powu Plant Generation Emissions 1,902 1,902 0.08% 5,115 0.20% 8364 0.29% 9,052 0.28% 8,987 0.2% 8,146 0.21% 7555 0.17% 7,774 0.16% CumulativeC02reduction, 1996-2030= 263 million tons of C02
SO2 Reduction (in 

### Tons) Abadfrom Abued from Nel % U.S.SO2 Yw Power Plm In-Home Change Power Plant Generation Generation Emissions

10,680 0 0.08%

Cum~~lative S02reduction, 1996-2030= 599.166 tons
NOx Reduction (in Tons) Abated from Abated fmm Net %U.S.NOx Yw Power Plant In-Home Change PowuPlant Generation bration 

### (tons) Emissions 1996 6.704 0 6,704 0.08%

CumulativeNOx reduction, 1996-2030= 527.742 tons

### 4 

### REFERENCES
o Upon phone conversations with David Streets at Argonne National Laboratory

(February 1992), it 

### was determined that the carbon emissions data provided in 

### the report accompanying the 1991 NES were mistakenly reported as tons of carbon emitted. David Streets was one of the authors at Argonne who contributed to the 1991 NES report. 1. National Appliance Energy Conservation Act, (NAECA). 1987. Public Law 100-12. 2. 

### 1991. 

### Improving Technology:Modeling Energy Futuresfor National Energy Strategy. 

### Service Report to the 1991 National Energy Strategy, SR/NES190-01.
3. J. Koomey. 1990. 

### Comparative Analysis ofMonetary Estimates ofExternal Environmental Costs Associated with CombustionofFossil Fuels. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley CA, LBL-28313,July, 1990.