Reference pumcations

NBSIR 82-2578 NAT'L INST. OF STAND & TECH

AlllOfc. 2bl353 , ulating Available Safe Egress

Time (ASET) - A Computer

Program and User's

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Washington, DC 20234

September 1982

Final Report

«

QC

100

.1156

02 -25/

1002

S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

VTIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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NBSIR 82-2578

CALCULATING AVAILABLE SAFE EGRESS

TIME (ASET) - A COMPUTER

PROGRAM AND USER'S GUIDE

Rational Bureau Qt Standards oct e 'HcrV CaCC

Od too

U S~lo

1382

Leonard Y. Cooper and

David W. Stroup

U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Washington, DC 20234

September 1982

Final Report

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
, • Xt 'i
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF FIGURES iv

NOMENCLATURE v

Abstract 1

1. INTRODUCTION . 2

1.1 Background 2 1.2 Some Basic Enclosure Fire Phenomena 4

1.3 An Overview of the Computer Program 6

1.4 Some Assumptions and Limitations 8

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INPUT DATA 9

2.1 General Comments 9

2.2 General Data 11

2.3 Detection Criteria 14

2.4 Hazard Criteria 16

2.5 Room Characteristics 18

2.6 Fire Data: Energy Generation Rate 18

2.7 Fire Data: Detectable Product of Combustion

Generation Rate 24

2.8 Fire Data: Hazardous Product of Combustion

Generation Rate 27

3. DATA INPUT EXAMPLES 30

3.1 Example 1 - A Constant Size Fire 30

3.2 Example 2 - A Semi-Universal Growing Fire Hazard ... 42

3.3 Example 3 - Flashover Potential Due to a Fire in an Assembly of Bedding Combustibles 53

4. FUTURE EFFORTS 69

5. REFERENCES 71

APPENDIX A: PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 72

General Comments 72

MAIN Program 72

EXFIRE Subroutine 74

FUNQ Subroutine 74

FUNPRD Subroutine 74

FUNPRH Subroutine. 75

SUBAINT Subroutine 75

INTGR Subroutine 76

SUBF Subroutine 76

INPUT Subroutine 77

INPUT2 Subroutine 77

APPENDIX B: PROGRAM LISTING 78

iii
LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Simple illustration of fire- in-enclosure flow dynamics . . 121

Figure 2. Computer output from batch run of Example 1 122

Figure 3. Computer output from batch run of Example 2 124

Figure 4. Computer output from batch run of Example 3 128

Figure 5. Example 3 results: plot of time to reach potential

flashover against enclosure floor area, for a fire

confined to an assembly of bedding combustibles 131

xv
NOMENCLATURE

A area of enclosure

ASET Available Safe Egress Time

•C rate of generation of a combustion product

H height of enclosure ceiling above fire

M concentration of a combustion product

•Q rate of fire's energy release

RSET Required Safe Egress Time

T temperature

t time

tDETtime at detection

t HAZtime at onset of hazardous conditions

u

c dimensional unit of a product of combustion

Z.1elevation of interface

A height of fire above floor

X

c fraction of Q transfered to enclosure surfaces

Xr fraction of Q radiated from combustion zone

Computer Program pages where

Input Variables defined

AKAP(I) 19, 21

ALAMC 12

ALAMR 12

BETAD 26

BETAH 28

CNDS(I) 14

CNHS(I) 16

DELTA 12

FIRE 18

v
HCOMB 23

HF (I) 17

PRD (I) 25-27

PRH(I) 28, 30

PRODD 24-25

PRODH 27-28

PRD0* 25-26

PRH0 28-29

Q (I) 19-20, 23

Q0 19-20, 23

RRDSPF (I) 14

SF(I) 17

TAULIM 20

TAUPRD(I) 25-26

TAUPRH(I) 28-29

TAUQ(I) 19, 23

TITLE 11

TMDSPF(I) 14

TMHSLF(I) 15

TMHSUF (I)

' 15

WRC 11

ZEYEF 12

* In this paper, the symbol 0, appearing in a variable name, will be used

to indicate the number 0, and the symbol 0, appearing in a variable name,

will be used to indicate the letter 0.

vi
CALCULATING AVAILABLE SAFE EGRESS TIME (ASET) - A COMPUTER PROGRAM AND USER’S GUIDE

Leonard Y. Cooper

and

David W. Stroup

Abstract

In the event of a fire in a building compartment the

time available for occupants to safely evacuate the

compartment, the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET), depends

on the time of fire detection and on the time of the onset

of hazardous conditions. In order to estimate these two

times a dynamic simulation of the developing fire environment in the compartment is required. Also required are

specific criteria for the simulation of detection and

onset of hazard. A user oriented computer program which

carries out the required simulations and provides estimates

for the ASET has been developed. This document provides

a listing of the program and a manual for its use. For

fire growth in a particular fuel assembly, a single program

run can be used to evaluate the ASET from enclosures (which

are assumed to contain the fuel assembly) of different

heights and areas, and under a variety of different detection

and hazard criteria. The program can be used in either an

interactive or batch mode. It is written in ANSI FORTRAN

and requires no computer specific subroutines.

KEY WORDS: Combustion products ; compartment fires; egress;

fire detection; fire growth; hazard analysis; mathematical

models; room fires; smoke movement; tenability limits.

1
1 . INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The concept of life safety in buildings through designed safe egress

has been introduced in references L1]-[4J*. The basic idea of the concept

is that occupants of a building will be safe under fire conditions provided

they will be able to successfully egress from threatened spaces prior to

the time, when hazardous conditions start to prevail. It is evident

that occupants can only be expected to initiate an egress activity subsequent to the time, t , o-f detection of the fire. The Available Safe

Egress Time (ASET) is, therefore, simply computed as the time interval

between detection and the onset of hazard. Thus, ASET = tTT „„ - t^„m . ’ HAZ DET

If a building design is to be considered safe, from this standpoint

the ASET from each of the building spaces which may be threatened must be

longer than the time actually required for people to successfully evacuate

these spaces. These latter time intervals are referred to as the Required

Safe Egress Times (RSET) . Thus, according to the Designed Safe Egress

concept, in the event of a fire a building is safe if ASET > RSET for ail

tnreatened spaces.

A general methodology for computing the ASET was discussed in reference [1] and [4]. The basic outline of the methodology is:

1. Identify the burning characteristics of fuel assemblies (combustible contents) exposed to likely ignition scenarios which are

typical of the occupancy of interest. Provide a physical description of the building spaces.

^Numbers in brackets refer to literature references at the end of this paper.

2
2. Use an appropriate enclosure fire model to simulate analytically

the dynamic environment which evolves in each building space.

3. Identify criteria for fire detection and onset of hazard. These

would be compatible with the characteristics of existing detection

hardware and the characteristics of likely building occupants,

respectively.

4. Apply the criteria of No. 3 to the computed environment of No. 2,

and thereby estimate t^^ and t7TA „ for the threatened spaces.

Dilil HAZ

Compute ASET = - tpET

*

For a single compartment of fire origin, a simple enclosure fire model

which could be used in the above computation procedure was presented in [1]

and [2]. A user oriented computer program which carries out the procedure

with this model has been written. It is the purpose of this document to

provide a listing of the program and a manual for its use.

The computer program described here can be used to study many features

of enclosure fires. However, the program was specifically designed to

answer questions related to life safety in fires. For this reason this

work makes frequent use of terminology derived from the word "hazard." In

this regard, it is not the intent of the authors to ascribe any precise

definition to this terminology, and in many cases it would have been

possible to have substituted terminology derived from words such as "untenable," "risk," etc. Hopefully the meaning of the "hazard" terminology will

be clear from the context of its use.

3
1.2 Some Basic Enclosure Fire Phenomena

To use the program successfully, a user should be familiar with some

basic enclosure fire phenomena. These are illustrated in figure 1.

A fire is initiated in a fuel assembly which is contained by an

enclosure whose ceiling is a distance H above the base of the fire, and

whose area is A. The base of the fire is a distance. A, above the floor.

An estimate of the total energy release rate of the fire, Q, as a function

of time, t, is assumed to be available, as is the fire’s generation rate C

of a product of combustion of interest (e.g., for the purpose of establishing

detection or hazard) . In practice it is recommended that the free bum

energy release rate and product generation rate be used as surrogates for

Q and C, respectively. (An estimate of these free burn characteristics

will be the basis of a portion of the program input data.) In this paper,

free burn is defined as "a burn of the fuel assembly in a large (compared

to the combustion zone) ventilated space which contains a relatively

quiescent atmosphere."

As the fire develops from ignition, buoyancy forces drive the high

temperature products of combustion upward toward the ceiling. In this way

a plume of upward moving elevated temperature gases is formed above the

fire. All along the axis of the plume, relatively quiescent and cool

ambient air is laterally entrained and mixed with the plume gases as they

continue their ascent to the ceiling. As a result of this entrainment the

total mass flow rate in the plume continuously increases, and the average

temperature and average concentration of products of combustion in the

plume continuously decreases with increasing height.

4
When the plume gases impinge on the ceiling, they spread across it

forming a relatively thin, stably stratified upper layer. As the plume gas

upward filling process continues, the upper gas layer grows in depth, and

the relatively sharp interface between it and the cool ambient air layer

below continuously drops.

In the model being used to describe the above phenomena it is assumed

that at every instant of time a fully mixed upper gas layer is a reasonable

approximation to the actual state of affairs. Accordingly, the model

provides a time-dependent description of the environment in the enclosure

by predicting the elevation, Z^(t), of the interface (or the upper layer

thickness), the upper layer temperature, T(t), and the combustion product

concentration, M(t). It is with the use of the computed histories of these

variables and with required input data, to be described below, that the

computer program proceeds to establish and invoke appropriate hazard and

detection criteria.

5
1.3 An Overview of the Computer Program

In the computer program, input data describing the fire's elevation,

and energy and product of combustion generation rates are used together

with enclosure size (height and area) and user specified detection and

hazard criteria to determine t_.__, tUA _, and the ASET. The ambient ternDll 1 riAZ

perature at the initiation of all fire scenarios is taken to be 21.1°C

(70°F)

For detection criteria, the user can specify a detectable upper smoke

layer temperature, rate-of-temperature rise or concentration of a detectable

product of combustion. Instantaneous detection may be specified by inputing

a zero or "small" detectable upper smoke layer temperature or rate-oftemperature rise.

When the smoke layer interface is above some characteristic, userspecified face elevation, hazard is assumed to occur if and when a hazardous

radiation exposure from the upper layer is attained. Such an exposure is

defined by a critical, user-specified, upper layer temperature. If the

interface is below face elevation, then hazard is assumed to occur if and

when a second, critical, user-specified upper layer temperature is attained.

However, the latter critical temperature would be lower than the former

one, and hazardous conditions are now initiated as a result of direct burns

or inhalation of hot gases. When the interface has dropped below face

elevation, hazard is also assumed to occur if and when a critical, userspecified concentration of some hazardous product of combustion is attained.

6
The program allows the user to model the energy generation rate of the

fire (fire growth) by either one of two methods. The first method uses

continuous, user-specified, exponential growth curve segments. The other

method uses pairs of user-specified data points (energy generation rate, time)

with linear interpolation between them. Either of these methods would be used

to describe the time-varying energy release rate of the free burning fuel assembly whose hazard is being evaluated. There would be different types of data

inputs required depending on which model is chosen.

The computer program allows the user to model a product of combustion

generation rate of the fire by one of two methods. The model of the first

method is defined by an unchanging, user-specified constant of proportionality

between the product of combustion generation rate and the previously specified

energy generation rate. The other method uses pairs of user-specified data

points (product generation rate, time) with linear interpolation between

them. The product generation rate is specified in units of u^ per unit time,

where u^ is a dimensional unit appropriate for the particular product. For

example, u^ could have the dimension of mass, number of particles, etc.

The program has a capability of modeling up to two different product of

combustion species, and of simulating their respective upper layer concentrations.

The first of these is a product whose upper layer concentration would be the

basis of a detection criterion, and the second is a product whose concentration

would be the basis of a hazard criterion. In general, the fire's generation

rate of each of these products would be modeled differently, according to

either of the two methods described above, and each with its appropriate u^

.

7
For a user specified fire type and elevation above the floor, a single

computer run of the program can be used to evaluate the ASET which corresponds

to each of a multiple number of enclosure sizes and pairs of detection and

hazard criteria.

By solving the mathematical fire modeling equations outlined in reference 2,

the program simulates the changing environment (thickness, temperature, and

product concentration of the smoke layer) in the enclosure. At every time step

into the simulation, the prevailing conditions in the space are checked against

the detection and hazard criteria being invoked. In this way the times t DET

and t , corresponding to every room geometry and to each pair of detection

and hazard criteria, are eventually identified. The ASETs are computed and

displayed in the computer output along with other potentially useful results of

the computations. Each simulation continues in time until the onset of hazard

or until a maximum, user-specified time is attained. If detection has not

occured by the time of the onset of hazard in a given simulation, then detection

is assumed to occur simultaneously with onset of hazard, and the computed ASET

is zero.

1.4 Some Assumptions and Limitations

The assumptions and limitations of the fire model are presented and

discussed in [1] and [2]

The user of the program is referred to those references for a complete treatment of the concepts and equations used in the

development of this computer program. A few of the more significant of the

assumptions and limitations are:

1. The computer model may not be reliable when applied to enclosures

with length-to-width aspect ratios greater than 10:1, or with

a ratio of height to minimum horizontal dimension exceeding one.

8
2. All doors, windows, and other significant partition penetrations to

adjacent spaces are assumed to be closed. However, prior to the

onset of hazardous conditions, sufficient oxygen is assumed to be

available for free-burning combustion.

3. The enclosure is assumed to be divided into two horizontal layers

with a sharp interface separating an elevated temperature, products

of combustion contaminated "smoke" mixture above, from cool ambient

air below. The upper layer is assumed to be uniformly mixed. ' The

computer model is not reliable once the upper layer temperature

exceeds a level of approximately 350-450°C, at which time radiation

feedback to the fuel will significantly alter the initial free-burnlike behavior of the fire.

4. Some leakage from the room is inevitable. This leakage is assumed to

occur through leakage paths close to the floor. Thus, at least up to

the time that the interface drops to the floor, it is assumed that

the enclosure will leak cool ambient air at low elevation rather

than, say, elevated temperature products of combustion at a nearceiling elevation.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INPUT DATA

2.1 General Comments

This program has been designed to be useable in either an interactive or

batch mode. When in the interactive mode, the program guides the user through

the data input process.

9
The data input has been divided into the following seven elements:

General Data

Detection Criteria

Hazard Criteria

Room Characteristics

Fire Data: Energy Generation Rate

Fire Data: Detectable Product of Combustion Generation Rate

Fire Data: Hazardous Product of Combustion Generation Rate

The input data described here will be the same for both the interactive

and batch modes. Extra input data may be required in the interactive mode to

answer error check and "Pause" questions. The basic required input data are

described in detail in the next seven sections. Each line started by CARD

indicates a line of input data at a computer terminal or a computer punch card.

Where the CARD is followed by (S), this indicates that there may be more than

one card or line used if necessary. Numerical values should be placed as

indicated by their variable names. Unless otherwise stated, this data may be

entered unformatted, that is, numbers do not have to be placed in specific card

columns. Different numerical values entered on the same computer punch card or

line (at a computer terminal) must be separated by either a comma or a blank.

When information is contained in parentheses on the CARD line, this indicates

the range of values which may be substituted for the particular variable. The

data is described in the order in which it must be entered into the program.

10
2.2 General Data

CARD: TITLE

This card should contain the title for the run. It may be any

string of up to 80 characters which describes the particular computer run.

CARD: WRC (WRC =1, 2, 3 or 4)

WRC = 1, summary output. Only the fire environment characteristics

at detection and hazard, and egress time will be printed.

(132 characters per line)

WRC = 2, summary output. (80 characters per line)

WRC = 3, full output. The time- temperature- layer thickness-rate of

rise-concentration history will be printed along with summary

output. (132 characters per line)

WRC = 4, full output. (80 characters per line)

The write code, or output code, is used to determine whether full or

only limited output should be printed. The write code will be an integer

value of 1, 2, 3, or 4. It should be chosen based on the amount of information the user desires and the printing capability of the user’s computer.

If a 1 is selected, summary output, which includes the times of detection

and hazard, descriptions of the room environments at these times, and the

ASET from the space, will be printed. The enclosure environment descriptions

11
include the temperature, thickness, products of combustion concentrations

and interface elevation of the smoke layer. In addition, the detection and

hazard criteria being considered are printed along with the height and area

of the room. This information will be printed using 132 characters per

line. Output form 2 will print the same information using 80 characters

per line. If output form 3 is chosen, then in addition to summary output

the entire history of the fire will be printed. In this case, the state of

the fire environment is displayed at specified instants of time which span

the entire time frame of the simulation. In particular, at five second

intervals the computed values of the fire's energy generation rate (normalized by the rate at ignition if desired) and the smoke layer's thickness,

interface elevation, temperature, rate-of-temperature rise and combustion

product concentrations are provided in a single line of output. This line

will be 132 characters long. Output type 4 will print the same information

as type 3, but the lines will be 80 characters long.

CARD: ALAMR, ALAMC , ZEYEF , DELTA

AT,MR - the fraction of the fire's energy generation rate instantaneously lost by radiation from the combustion zone and

plume.

ALAMC - the fraction of the fire's energy generation rate instantaneously lost to the bounding surfaces of the room and its

contents

ZEYEF - the specified characteristic height, in feet, of eyelevel

from the floor.

DELTA - the height, in feet, of the base of the fire above the

floor.

12
This last card in the general data group should contain four values. There

should be one value for each of the above variables. A determination of the

appropriate values to substitute for these variables must be made by the user.

ALAMR is the parameter X^_ of [2]. As defined above, it is the fraction

of the fire's energy release rate which is instantaneously lost by radiation

from the combustion zone. The value (1-X ) is used in the program to determine

the fraction of the energy release rate which effectively acts to drive the

fire plume's upward momentum. In [2] it is concluded that X^_ = 0.35 is a

reasonable choice for typical, hazardous, flaming fires.

ALAMC is the parameter X^ of [2] and [4], and it is defined as the

instantaneous fraction of the energy release rate which is lost to the bounding

surfaces of the room and its contents. The total rate of energy loss which is

characterized by X^ occurs as a result of a variety of different convective and

radiative heat transfer exchanges between the room's gases and the above mentioned

surfaces. It is not presently possible to obtain an exact value for X . (Indeed,

c although X^ is taken as a constant, it is, in fact, a time-varying parameter.)

However, using X = 0.35, it is concluded in the Appendix of [4] that during the

early stages of fires in single rooms the value of X is relatively constant and

c in the range 0.6 - 0.9. The lower, 0.6 value, would relate to high aspect ratio

spaces (ratio of ceiling span to room height) with smooth ceilings and with fires

positioned far away from the walls. The intermediate values and the high, 0.9

value for X^ would relate to low aspect ratio spaces, fire scenarios where the

fire position is within a room height or so from walls, and/or to spaces with

highly irregular ceiling surfaces. Some further guidelines on an appropriate

choice for the value of X^ are presented in [2].

13
The user must specify a value for ZEYEF, the characteristic height, in

feet, of eyelevel from the floor. This value is important because it has

significant effect on how and when hazard occurs. When the smoke layer interface

is above eyelevel (or facelevel) , hazard could occur due to downward directed

radiation produced by an excessively high smoke layer temperature which exceeds

some critical temperature (to be specified below) . When the smoke layer interface is below eye elevation, then hazard could occur due to inhalation of gases

with an excessive concentration of some hazardous product of combustion or due

to direct burns and inhalation of hot gases whose temperature exceeds a second

critical upper layer temperature. The latter critical temperature would be

lower than the former one. The specified value for ZEYEF does not necessarily

have to be the "true" height of eyelevel, but its value must be chosen as not

greater than the room height or less than zero. An appropriate value would be

one which indicates a likely change in potential mode of hazard initiation from

radiation from the upper layer to visual obscuration.

The value specified for DELTA, the height, in feet, of the base of the

fire above the floor should be according to the user’s understanding of the

physical conditions under investigation.

2.3 Detection Criteria

CARD (S) :TMDSPF(I)

TMDSPF - the upper layer temperature, in degrees F, which will initiate

detection.

14
CARD(S) :RRDSPF(I)

RRDSPF - the upper layer rate-of-temperature rise, in degrees F per

minute, which will initiate detection.

CARD (S) : CNDS (I)

CNDS - the concentration of the detectable product of combustion,

in units of u^ per gram of bulk upper layer gas, which will

initiate detection. (See discussion below under Fire Data:

Detectable Product of Combustion Generation Rate.)

Any or all of the above detection criteria may be used, and there may

be from zero to as many as ten different values entered for each mode of

detection. Use of at least one criterion and one entry is required. (Note

that one possible way of specifying immediate detection, i.e., detection at

the time of ignition, is to specify detection when the smoke layer's rate-oftemperature rise exceeds zero degrees F per minute.) When using a computer

terminal, input each value separately until all desired values for a particular

detection mode have been entered. When all values for a particular mode of

detection have been entered, type an end of file mark (UNIVAC : @EOF) . If data

is to be entered using cards, type each value on a different card. A card containing an end of file mark should separate each set of values for a particular

detection criterion.

The program uses the elements of the list of input values for each detection

mode, one at a time, to determine the time of detection in a given fire scenario.

15
2.4 Hazard Criteria

CARD ( S ) : TMHSUF ( I

TMHSUF - the hazardous temperature, in degrees F, of the smoke

layer when the interface is above eyelevel.

CARD(S) :TMHSLF (I)

TMHSLF - the hazardous temperature, in degrees F, of the smoke

layer when the interface is below eyelevel.

CARD(S) : CNHS (I)

CNHS - the concentration of the hazardous product of combustion, in

units of u

c per gram of bulk upper layer gas, which will initiate

a hazardous condition when the interface is below eyelevel.

A minimum of one and a maximum of ten different values may be entered for

each of the three modes of hazard. All combinations of the hazard mode entries

will be considered, and each of the combinations will be used, one at a time,

to determine the time to hazard in a given fire scenario. For example, assuming

one entry for TMHSUF, three entries for TMHSLF, and two entries for CNHS, then

one of the six (1 x 3 x 2 = 6) overall criteria for hazard that will be invoked

will be:

Onset of hazard occurs when

the upper layer temperature is greater than TMHSUF (1), AND the

layer interface elevation is greater than ZEYEF,

16
OR the upper layer temperature is greater than TMHSLF(2), AND the

layer interface elevation is less than ZEYEF,

OR the upper layer concentration of the combustion product is

greater than CNHS(2), AM) the layer interface elevation is less

than ZEYEF.

Hazard criteria input data should be entered in the same way as detection

criteria input data, with each of the three lists of hazard mode entries

terminating with an end of file mark (UNIVAC: @EOF)

.

The critical temperature values assigned by the input TMHSUF(I) are

directly related to those temperatures of overhead smoke layers which would

supply a potentially hazardous flux of downward directed thermal radiation.

A TMHSUF value of 361, i.e., 183°C (361 °F) , has been recommended in [1].

Assuming that an upper layer radiates as a black body and with a view factor

2 of 1, this temperature would correspond to a flux of 2.5 kW/m , which has been

identified as a flux level near the threshold of human tenability [5]

.

Once the interface is below "eyelevel", the new critical upper layer

temperature, input as TMHSLF, will generally be significantly less than TMHSUF.

Hazard would now occur on account of direct external or internal (due to inhalation of hot gases) burns. Realistic values of TMHSLF would likely be of the

order of 212, i.e., 100°C (212°F).

With the interface below eyelevel, hazard could also occur as a result of

a high concentration (in excess of the critical value, CNHS) of the hazardous

product of combustion, e.g., on account of the product's toxicity. If one does

not wish to invoke this aspect of the overall hazard criterion, then at this

17
stage of the input the user simply enters any single positive value for CNHS

At the appropriate place, to be described below, the user would then enter input

data that models the hazardous product generation rate as identically zero.

2.5 Room Characteristics

CARD(S) :HF(I)

HF - the height, in feet, of the compartment

CARD(S) :SF(I)

SF - the floor area, in square feet, of the compartment

At least one height and one area must be specified. The program can handle as

many as twenty room heights and thirty areas during one run, and rooms defined

by all combinations of the HF(I) and SF(I) entries are evaluated.

The room data should be entered in the same way as the detection and

hazard data, with each of the HF and SF entry lists terminating with an end of

file (UNIVAC: @EOF)

2.6 Fire Data: Energy Generation Rate

The first card in this fire data series determines how the energy generation

rate of the fire, Q(t), will be modeled and what input data will be required.

The variable FIRE may be assigned an integer value of 1, 2, or 3. Two types of

fire growth models, requiring different forms of input data, have been included

in the computer program. The third available location (FIRE = 3) has been left

so that a user can add another fire modeling subroutine, if desired.

18
CARD: FIRE (FIRE =1, 2, or 3)

FIRE = 1, a multi-exponential energy generation rate curve made up of

NSEGQ continuous segments of the form:

Q(l)exp{AKAP(l)t}, 1st segment,

0 £ t < TAUQ(l)

;

I

Q(2)exp{AKAP (2) [tTAUQ(l) ] }, 2nd segment,

TAUQ (1) £ t < TAUQ (2)

;

Q (NSEGQl)exp(AKAP (NSEGQ1) [tTAUQ (NSEQ-2) ] } , (NSEGQ1) segment

,

TAUQ (NSEGQ2) £ t < TAUQ (NSEGQ1)

;

Q (NSEGQ) exp (AKAP(NSEGQ) [tTAUQ (NSEGQ1) ] }, NSEGQth segment,

TAUQ (NSEGQ1) £ t

where the NSEGQ values, Q(l), Q(2), . . ., Q (NSEGQ), and the NSEGQ values,

AKAP(l), AKAP(2), . . ., AKAP (NSEGQ) are supplied as input.

FIRE = 2, an energy generation rate curve made up of NSEGQ continuous

linear segments. The curve would be defined by

I Q0 at t = 0;

Q(t) = { Q (1) at t = TAUQ (1)

;

Q(NSEGO) at t = TAUQ (NSEQO)

with linear interpolation between the above NSEGQ + 1 data points. As described

below, Q0 and the NSEGQ pair of values TAUQ(l), Q (1)

;

TAUQ(2), Q ( 2 )

;

. . .;

TAUQ (NSEGQ), Q (NSEGQ) are supplied as input.

FIRE = 3, not used (space left available for a user developed subroutine

describing the fire's energy generation rate).

19
Multi-exponential curve:

If a multi-exponential energy generation rate curve is selected (FIRE = 1)

then the following input entries will be required:

CARD : TAULIM

TAULIM - the maximum time for which the fire environment will be simulated.

CARD(S) : Q (I) ,AKAP(I)

Q(I) - the value of the energy generation rate, in kW, at the beginning

of the Ith segment of the multi-exponential growth curve. All

Q(I) must be greater than zero.

AKAP(I) - the value of the exponential growth factor, in units of 1/second,

for the Ith segment.

The NSEGO pairs of data should be entered one pair at a time. The user may

enter as many as 100 pairs of data. After the last pair of data has been

entered, an end of file mark (UNIVAC: @E0F) should be entered.

CARD: (YES OR NO) - NORMALIZED OUTPUT

If desired, the fire energy generation rates may be printed in normalized

form, Q(t)/Q(l).

20
The following example will clarify the data input required for a multiexponential fire:

Assume that the growth of a fire in some typical fuel assembly has the

following characteristics:

Fire ignition source is 10 kW (e.g., fire in a wastepaper basket).

Fire grows exponentially from 10 kW to 400 kW with an exponential growth

factor of 0.025/s (i.e., the fire doubles in power output every 27.7 s)

.

Fire grows exponentially, from 400 kW-to 3000 kW with an exponential

growth factor of 0.010/s (a doubling time of 69.3 s)

.

Fire continues to grow exponentially from 3000 kW to an unknown peak

value with an exponential growth factor of 0.005/s (a doubling time

of 138.6 s).

Assume further, that for whatever reason the environment which develops

within the fire enclosure will never be of interest beyond the first 1200 s

following ignition.

Then the Fire Data: Energy Generation Rate set of inputs should appear as

follows (for a UNIVAC computer)

:

21
CARD :

CARD: 1200

CARD: 10. ,0.025

CARD: 400. ,0.010

CARD: 3000. ,0.005

CARD: @E0F

CARD: YES - NORMALIZED OUTPUT

and the program will compute Q(t) according to

1

10 exp{0 . 025t} , 0 <_ t < 147.6

400 exp{0. 010 [t- 14 7. 6] }, 147.6 < t < 349.1

3000 exp{0. 05 [t-349. 1] } , 349.1 <t

where t is in seconds. Note that the segment end-points at 147.6 s and 349.1 s

were not entered as input data. Rather, the program itself -computes these times

from the requirement that the three exponential segments form a continuous

energy generation rate curve.

Linear Segmented Curve

If a linearly segmented fire growth curve is selected (FIRE = 2) , then the

following input entries will be required.

CARD:TAULIM, HCOMB

TAULIM - the maximum time for which the fire enviornment will be simulated.

22
HCOMB - the effective heat of combustion, in kilojoules per kilogram, of

the fuel assembly. This multiplier is used to convert input data

in the form of fuel assembly mass loss rate (kilograms per second)

to energy generation rate, in kW. If the input data to be described

below is given directly in kW, then HCOMB = 1.0.

CARD : Q0

Q0 - the initial energy generation rate of the fire.

CARD(S) : TAUQ (I) , Q (I)

TAUQ(I) - the value of time, in seconds, at the end of the Ith segment

of the energy generation rate curve (or mass loss rate curve,

if HCOMB i 1.0).

Q(I) - the value of the energy generation rate, in kW, at the end of the

Ith segment of the energy generation rate curve (or, the value

of the mass loss rate, in kilograms per second, at the end of the

Ith segment of the mass loss rate curve, if HCOMB ^ 1.0).

Each data point should be entered on a separate card or line at a computer

terminal. In total, there will be NSEGQ data points entered. The user may

enter as many as 100 data points. The value of TAUQ (NSEGQ) should be greater

than or equal to TAULIM. After the last data point has been entered, type an

end of file mark (UNIVAC : @E0F)

.

CARD: (YES OR NO) - NORMALIZED OUTPUT

If desired, the fire energy generation rates may be printed in normalized

form, Q(t)/Q0.

23
2.7 Fire Data: Detectable Product of Combustion Generation Rate

No input should appear in this set if there were no entries for CNDS in

the Detection Criteria set. Under such a circumstance, the user should now

go directly to the next set of inputs. Fire Data: Hazardous Product of

Combustion Generation Rate.

Provided that there is at least one entry for CNDS in the Detection

Criteria set, the first card in this set will establish how the fire’s detectable

product of combustion generation rate, C(t), will be modeled, and what subsequent

input data will be required. The variable PRODD may be assigned an integer of

1, 2, or 3. Two types of product generation rate models, requiring different

forms of input data have been included in the computer program. A third available

location (PRODD =3) has been left so that a user can add another product generation rate model subroutine, if desired.

The product generation rate, C(t), is specified in units of u^ per second,

where u^ is a dimensional unit which is appropriate for the particular combustion

product being generated. For example, if u

c is taken as mass in grams, then

C(t) must be described in dimensions of grams (of product) per second; if u^ is

taken as number of particles, then C(t) must be described in units of number of

particles (of product) per second; etc.

The choice of the units u^ will have direct impact on the dimensionality

of the computed upper layer product concentration, M(t). As discussed

earlier, the program computed M(t) in units of u^ per gram of bulk upper layer

mixture. Thus, if u^ is in grams, and C(t) is in grams per second, then M(t)

24
will be computed in units of grams (of detectable combustion product) per gram

of bulk upper layer mixture; if u

c is in number of particles, and C(t) is in

number of particles per second, then M(t) will be computed in units of number

of particles (of detectable combustion product) per gram of bulk upper layer

mixture; etc.

CARD : PRODD (PRODD = 1, 2, or 3)

PRODD = 1, detectable product generation rate is directly proportional

to the energy generation rate through a fixed constant, BETAD,

i.e. , C(t) = BETAD • Q(t)

.

PRODD = 2, a product generation rate curve made up of NSEGPD continuous

linear segments. The curve would be defined by

PRD0 at t = 0;

I

PRD(l) at t = TAUPRD (1) ,

.

PRD (NSEGPD) at t = TAUPRD (NSEGPD)

with linear interpolation between the above NSEGPD 4- 1 data

points. As described below, PRD0 and the NSEGPD pair of

values TAUPRD (1) , PRD(l); TAUPRD(2), PRD(2); ;

TAUPRD (NSEGPD) , PRD (NSEGPD) are supplied as input.

PRODD = 3, not used (space left available for a user developed subroutine describing the product generation rate).

25
Constant Proportionality:

If a fixed constant of proportionality for the product generation rate

is selected (PRODD = 1), then a value for BETAD must be provided as follows:

CARD :BETAD

BETAD - a constant of proportionality between the detectable product of

combustion generation rate and the energy generation rate, i.e.,

C(t) = BETAD • Q(t). BETAD is entered in units of u per second

c per kW.

Linear Segmented Curve:

If a linear segmented product generation rate is selected (PRODD = 2)

then the following input entries will be required:

CARD : PRD0

PRD0 - the initial detectable product generation rate in units of u^ per

second.

CARD(S) :TAUPRD(I) , PRD(I)

TAUPRD(I) - the value of time, in seconds, at the end of the Ith

segment of the detectable product generation rate curve.

PRD (I) - the value of the product of combustion generation rate, in

units of u

c per second, at the end of the Ith segment of the

product generation rate curve.

26
Each data point should be entered on a separate card or line at a computer

terminal. In total, there will be NSEGPD data points entered. The user may

enter as many as 100 data points. The value of TAUPRD (NSEGPD) should be

greater than or equal to TAULIM. After the last data point has been entered,

type an end of file mark (UNIVAC: @E0F)

.

2.8 Fire Data: Hazardous Product of Combustion Generation Rate

Input data describing a hazardous product of combustion generation rate

curve must be included in this set.

The first card in the set will establish how the fire’s hazardous product

generation rate, C(t), will be modeled, and what subsequent input data will be

required. The variable PRODH may be assigned an integer of 1, 2, or 3. Two

types of product generation rate models, requiring different forms of input

data have been included in the computer program. A third location (PRODH =3)

has been left so that a user can add another product generation rate model subroutine, if desired.

The question of the units of C(t) has been addressed above in the

initial discussion of Section 2.7 on the Detectable Product card set. That

discussion is also relevant to the Hazardous Product dimensionality, and it

should be revisited and applied in the present context.

CARD: PRODH (PRODH = 1, 2, or 3)

PRODH = 1, hazardous product generation rate is directly proportional

to the energy generation rate through a fixed constant, BETAH,

i.e. , C(t) = BETAH • Q(t,

.

27
PRODH = 2, a product generation rate curve made up of NSEGPH continuous

linear segments. The curve would be defined by

PRH0 at t = 0;

I

PRH(l) at t = TAUPRH (1)

PRH (NSEGPH) at t = TAUPRH (NSEGPH)

with linear interpolation between the above NSEGPH + 1 data

points. As described below, PRH0 and the NSEGPH pair of

values TAUPRH (1) , PRH(l); TAUPRH (2) , PRH(2) ; ;

TAUPRH (NSEGPH) , PRH (NSEGPH) are supplied as input.

PRODH = 3, not used (space left available for a user developed subroutine

describing the product generation rate)

Constant Proportionality

If a fixed constant of proportionality for the product generation rate is

selected (PRODH = 1), then a value for BETAH must be provided as follows:

CARD : BETAH

BETAH - a constant of proportionality between the hazardous product of

combustion generation rate and the energy generation rate, i.e.,

C(t) = BETAH • Q(t). BETAH is entered in units of u^ per second

per kW.

28
If adequate quantitative information on hazardous product generation

rate is unavailable, then the user may prefer to eliminate its consideration

from the definitions of hazard criteria. This would most readily be accomplished

by specifying PRODH = 1, and BETAH = 0 (i.e., the fire's hazardous product

generation rate is specified to be zero, and the program computes a zero upper

layer hazardous product concentration at every instant of time) . As recommended

at the end of Section 2.4, this default specification would be implemented

together with an arbitrary positive value for CNHS.

Linear Segmented Curve:

If a linear segmented product generation rate is selected (PRODH = 2)

,

then the following input entries will be required:

CARD :PRH0

PP.H0 - the initial hazardous product generation rate in units of u^ per

second.

CARD ( S ) : TAUPRH ( I ) , PRH(I)

TAUPRH(I) - the value of time, in seconds, at the end of the Ith

segment of the hazardous product generation rate curve.

PRH(I) - the value of the product of combustion generation rate, in

units of u^ per second, at the end of the Ith segment of the

product generation rate curve.

29
The data points should be entered one at a time. There should be a total

of NSEGPH data points, up to 100. An end of file mark (UNIVAC: @E0F) should

follow the last data point.

3. DATA INPUT EXAMPLES

The following examples should aid in developing an understanding of what

data is required by the program and how to enter this data into the runstream.

The arrangement of input data will be described for both interactive and batch

use. In the interactive examples, words spelled with all capital letters

indicate information printed at a computer terminal by the computer program.

The user's response is proceeded by "ENTER:" and will always be in lower case

letters and underlined. The batch input data will be listed as it would appear

on a group of data cards. For each example, the interactive mode data input

will be described first. This will be followed by the batch mode data, and,

finally, the computer generated results will be presented. (These examples

are from the National Bureau of Standards UNIVAC 1100/80 computer.)

In the interactive mode, "Pause" statements have been used at selected

places to temporarily suspend printing of the computer generated results.

This will enable the user to examine the results more carefully and make notes

if desired. In order to continue program execution, the user must type a

carriage return.

3.1 Example 1 - A Constant Size Fire

This example will deal with a problem of estimating the ASET from a room

with a fire of constant energy release rate. This type of example is useful

since many potentially threatening fires tend to release energy at an approximately constant rate for a significant time subsequent to ignition.

30
The problem is to estimate the ASET under the following fire scenario:

A fire due to a gasoline spill in a 8.9 ft (0.83 m ) dike is initiated

2 2 on the floor of a room of height 10 ft (3.0 m) and area 10,000 ft (929 m ).

The rate of the fire's energy release per unit area of spill is approximately

2 2

constant at 140 BTU/(ft s) (1.6 MW/m ) [6] for a total energy release rate of

1250 BTU/s (1320 kW)

.

On account of the fact that occupants are likely to be awake and alert it

is assumed that the fire is detected immediately after ignition. Put another

way, detection is assumed to occur when the rate-of-temperature rise, RRDSPF,

is zero.

The fire is assumed to be away from the walls, and the room has a relatively

smooth ceiling. Based on remarks in section 2.2, the fraction of energy release

instantaneously lost to the bounding surfaces of the room and its contents, ALAMC,

is taken to be 0.6. Also, the fraction of the energy release instantaneously

lost by radiation from the combustion zone, ALAMR, is taken to be 0.35.

The elevation of eyelevel will be taken as 4 ft (1.2 m) . When the interface

is above this height it is assumed that hazard will occur if and when the upper

layer temperature rises to 361. 4°F (183°C) . Once the interface has dropped

below the 4 ft (1.2 m) elevation it is assumed that onset of hazard will occur

if and when the upper layer temperature reaches 240°F (115°C) , or if and when

the upper layer oxygen mass fraction is depleted from the oxygen mass fraction

at ambient conditions (0.23 g n per g of ambient air) to 0.18 g n per g of upper

2 z layer mixture. Thus, depleted oxygen is taken to be the hazardous product of

31
combustion, the unit u^ is taken to be grams of depleted oxygen, S^epleted o

*

and the hazardous concentration is taken to be 0.05 g, , , „ per g depleted 0„ °upper

which corresponds to CNHS = 0.05.

Based on the work of Huggett [7],

fires is approximately proportional to

to

the rate at which oxygen is depleted in

the fire's energy release rate according

depleted 0

2 t°* 076 ^depleted C» 2

/(kWs ^Q

The input data required to describe the above depleted oxygen generation rate

are PRODH = 1 and BETAH = 0.076.

Note that in this example, detection does not occur as a result of a

detectable product of combustion. Accordingly, it will not be necessary to

enter input data which describe the generatipn of a detectable product.

Finally, it is assumed that Available Safe Egress Times in excess of

30 minutes are of no particular interest, and the fire conditions will not be

modeled beyond this time.

Interactive Data Input:

WILL DATA BE ENTERED INTERACTIVELY (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

PROGRAM WILL BE EXECUTED IN THE INTERACTIVE MODE.

INSTRUCTIONS

32
TO ENTER DATA: TYPE REQUESTED VALUE OR VALUES (MULTIPLE VALUES

SEPARATED BY A COMMA OR BLANK), THEN PRESS CARRIAGE RETURN.

ENTER A RUN TITLE, UP TO 80 CHARACTERS LONG.

ENTER : constant fire, q = 1320 kW

ENTER CODE NUMBER OF THE DESIRED FORM OF OUTPUT:

TYPE 1 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT, 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE

2 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE

3 FOR FULL OUTPUT, 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE

4 FOR FULL OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE

ENTER: 2

SUMMARY OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE HAS BEEN SELECTED.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER: 1. LAMDA R,

2. LAMDA C,

3. EYELEVEL HEIGHT, IN FEET, AND

4. FIRE HEIGHT, IN FEET.

DO YOU NEED MORE INFORMATION (Y/N)?

ENTER: no

ENTER THE REQUESTED VALUES.

ENTER: .35, .6, 4., 0.0

LAMDA R = .35000

LAMDA C = .60000

EYELEVEL HEIGHT = 4.0000

FIRE HEIGHT = 0.0000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

33
DATA WILL BE ENTERED IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER:

I. DETECTION CRITERIA IV. FIRE DATA

II. HAZARD CRITERIA V. PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION DATA

III. ROOM SIZES

I . DETECTION CRITERIA

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F (DETECTION).

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY RATE OF RISE.

ENTER: geof

ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE, IN DEGREES F/MIN (DETECTION)

(TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION.)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: OJ)

0.0000 (INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION)

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER: yes

ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE, IN DEGREES F/MIN (DETECTION).

(TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION.)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: geof

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS /GRAM OF BULK GAS (DETECTION)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD CRITERIA DATA INPUT.

ENTER: geof

34
II . HAZARD CRITERIA

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE ABOVE SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD

BY LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE BELOW EYELEVEL.

ENTER: 361.4

361.40

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE ABOVE SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD

BY LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE BELOW EYELEVEL.

ENTER: geof

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE BELOW SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD BY POC CONCENTRATION

ENTER: 240.0

240.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE BELOW SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD BY POC CONCENTRATION

ENTER: geof

35
ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS/GRAM OF BULK GAS (HAZARD).

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO ROOM SIZE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 0.05

5.0000-02

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER : yes

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS/GRAM OF BULK GAS (HAZARD)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO ROOM SIZE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: @eof

III. ROOM SIZE DATA

ENTER A COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @E0F) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT.

ENTER: 10.0

10.000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT.

ENTER : geof

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 11000.

11000.

36
IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER: no

ENTER THE CORRECT VALUE (S)

.

ENTER: 10000.

10000.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: @eof

IV. FIRE DATA

SELECT THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF FIRE ENERGY GENERATION.

TYPE 1 FOR AN EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVE.

2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 2

DIGITAL DATA INPUT HAS BEEN SELECTED.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER: 1. THE MAXIMUM TIME, IN SECONDS, FOR WHICH THE FIRE WILL BE MODELED,

AND

2. THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION, IN KJ/KG.

ENTER: 1800.0, 1.0

MAXIMUM TIME = 1800.0

HEAT OF COMBUSTION = 1.0000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

37
ENTER THE INITIAL ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

ENTER: 1320.0

Q0 = .1320+04

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER: yes

ENTER THE REST OF THE DIGITAL DATA POINTS ONE AT A TIME.

EACH DATA POINT SHOULD CONSIST OF A TIME, IN SECONDS,

AND A CORRESPONDING ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

WHEN ALL HAVE BEEN ENTERED, TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC : gEOF)

ENTER: 1800.0, 1320.0

ENTER: geof

TAUQ(l) = 1800.0 Q (1) = .1320+04

ARE THESE DATA POINTS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

DO YOU WANT FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE DATA

PRESENTED IN NORMALIZED FORM, Q(T)/Q0 (Y/N)?

ENTER: no

V.l DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA

SINCE THERE WERE NO DETECTABLE CONCENTRATIONS SPECIFIED,

DATA DESCRIBING THE GENERATION OF A DETECTABLE PRODUCT

OF COMBUSTION WILL NOT BE REQUIRED.

V. 2 HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA

SELECT THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.

TYPE 1 FOR A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY.

2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 1

A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY HAS BEEN SELECTED.

38
IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER BETAH,

IN PRODUCT UNITS PER SEC PER KW OF FIRE GENERATION RATE.

PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAH X ENERGY GENERATION RATE

ENTER: 0.076

7.6000-02

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

Batch Data Input: ^ -

The data required to solve the problem will now be shown in batch form.

Each line of data represents either a computer punch card or a line of data

typed at a computer terminal in batch mode. The extended form of output (132

characters/line) is desired so the write code has been changed to 3. The

first card in a batch data group must contain the words "BATCH DATA".

BATCH DATA

CONSTANT FIRE, Q

= 1320 kW

3

.35, .60, 4., 0.0

1. General Data

Run title

Write code

Ac

> eyelevel, fire height

39
2.

Detection Criteria

Layer temperature

Rate of temperature rise

Concentration

3.

Hazard Criteria

Temperature when interface above eyelevel

Temperature when interface below eyelevel

Concentration

4.

Room Characteristics

Height

Area

5.

Fire Data: Energy Generation Rate

Fire type

Maximum time, heat of combustion

@EOF

0.0

@E0F

@E0F

361.4

@E0F

240.0

@E0F

0.05

@E0F

10.0

@E0F

10000.

@E0F

2

1800. , 1.0

40
Initial energy generation rate 1320.

Data points 1800., 1320.

@E0F

Normalized Output? NO - NORMALIZED OUTPUT

6. Fire Data: Detectable Product of Combustion Generation Rate

7. Fire Data: Hazardous Product of Combustion Generation Rate

Product generation code 1

Beta, constant of proportionality 0.076

Results

:

The relevant portion of the computer output from the batch run is presented

in Figure 2. These results indicate that for a fire with a constant energy

generation rate equal to 1250 BTU/s (1320 kW) in a room with a 10 ft (3.05 m)

2 2 high ceiling and an area of 10,000 ft (929.0 m ), the available safe egress

time, assuming immediate detection and alarm, is 191 seconds or about 3.2 minutes

The onset of hazardous conditions occurs when the upper layer temperature reaches

361. 4°F (183. 0°C). At this point, the smoke layer interface has reached a

position 6.95 ft (2.12 m) above the floor, the concentration of the (unspecified)

detectable product is zero, and the concentration of the hazardous product,

^depleted 0 per ^upper in t *ie P resent example, is 0.03 (i.e., at the time of

hazard, the mass fraction of oxygen in the upper layer is 0.23 - 0.03 = 0.20,

which is still large enough for vitiation effects to be considered as negligible)

Notice in Figure 2, that at the time of detection, which immediately follows

ignition, the concentration of depleted oxygen in the newly forming upper layer

is already nonzero. These upper layer gases have, in fact, come from the firegenerated plume gases, which are always a source of depleted oxygen.

41
Using the results of this run, it is possible to determine the available

safe egress time if the fire is detected at some nonzero time subsequent to

ignition. For example, if detection occurred 60 seconds after ignition of the

fire, the available safe egress time would be (191-60) seconds = 131 seconds or

about 2.2 minutes.

3.2 Example 2 - A Semi-Universal Growing Fire Hazard

In this example the hazard which develops from a semi-universal growing

fire will be studied. The results of applying several different methods of

detection will be evaluated.

The semi-universal fire is the result of a fit of data from free burn

tests on a variety of different types of commodities to a three-segment,

multi-exponential fire growth curve [2]. The fire is initiated from a 10 kW

(9.5 3TU/s) ignition source. It grows exponentially at a rate characteristic

of a fire initiated in a polyurethane mattress with bedding [8]

This early

growth rate may also be appropriate for use in characterizing the early growth

of fires in upholstered polyurethane cushioning and large assemblies of

commodities stacked on pallets. The fire growth rate beyond 400 kW (379 BTU/s),

described in two segments, is similar to that observed for fires initiated in

a variety of different types of commodities stacked on pallets [8]. These latter

portions of the semi-universal fire would be representative of fires in large

mercantile, storage, and/or business occupancies. The equations which characterize this semi-universal fire and the associated input data have been described

earlier in Section 2.6 under the subheading: Multi-exponential curve.

42
2 2 The fire will be assumed to occur in an occupied 5,000 ft (465 m ) nominal

20 ft (6.1 m) high ceiling auditorium outfitted with polyurethane cushion seats.

Since life safety considerations are likely to be key, the auditorium is assumed

to be occupied and detection by the occupants is assumed to be immediate (rate-ofrise at detection is 0.°F/min).

For illustrative purposes, cases of detection when the average upper layer

reaches 135°F (54°C), and detection when the rate of upper layer temperature

rise reaches 15°F/min (8.33°C/min) will also be examined. These cases may be

useful in evaluating the use of thermal sensor detectors for providing property

protection of the auditorium during unoccupied periods of time.

If the smoke layer interface is located more than 3 ft (0.91 m) from the

floor, hazardous conditions will be assumed to occur when and if the average

upper layer temperature reaches 361°F (183°C) . Once the interface reaches the

3 ft (0.91 m) elevation, the onset of hazardous conditions will be assumed to

occur if the average upper layer temperature reaches 240°F (115. 6°C) or if the

concentration of CO exceeds 2500 parts per million (ppm) (0.0025 grams of CO

per gram of upper layer mixture), whichever comes first. The CO generation

rate will be taken as proportional to the energy release rate through a constant

of proportionality of 0.007 g^/ (skW) . This latter value can be deduced from

[9] for smoldering combustion in polyurethane. Flaming combustion would likely

result in a smaller constant of proportionality.

For the moderate span-to-height aspect ratio of the present auditorium

2 1/2 [assume the span to be approximately (5000 ft ) 70 ft (22 m) , for a spanto-height ratio of approximately 3.5], it is reasonable to assume that 75 percent of the total energy release is instantaneously transfered to the surfaces

43
of the auditorium and its contents. As in the previous example, the instantaneous radiation loss from the combustion zone is assumed to be 35 percent of

the energy release.

The ASET's for the above scenario will be determined under the condition

that the fire is located 2 ft (0.6 m) above the floor.

If hazardous conditions are not attained by 20 minutes after ignition,

then the analysis will be terminated.

Interactive Data Input:

WILL DATA BE ENTERED INTERACTIVELY (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

PROGRAM WILL BE EXECUTED IN THE INTERACTIVE MODE.

INSTRUCTIONS

TO ENTER DATA: TYPE REQUESTED VALUE OR VALUES (MULTIPLE VALUES

SEPARATED BY A COMMA OR BLANK), THEN PRESS CARRIAGE RETURN.

ENTER A RUN TITLE, UP TO 80 CHARACTERS LONG.

ENTER: multi-exponential fire growth

ENTER CODE NUMBER OF THE DESIRED FORM OF OUTPUT:

TYPE 1 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT, 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE

2 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE

3 FOR FULL OUTPUT, 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE

4 FOR FULL OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE

ENTER: 2

SUMMARY OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE HAS BEEN SELECTED.

44
IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER: 1. LAMDA R,

2. LAMDA C,

3. EYELEVEL HEIGHT, IN FEET, AND

4. FIRE HEIGHT, IN FEET.

DO YOU NEED MORE INFORMATION (Y/N)

?

ENTER : no

ENTER THE REQUESTED VALUES.

ENTER: . 35, . 75, 3.

,

2.

LAMDA R = .35000

LAMDA C = .75000

EYELEVEL HEIGHT = 3.0000

FIRE HEIGHT = 2.0000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

DATA WILL BE ENTERED IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER:

I. DETECTION CRITERIA IV. FIRE DATA

II. HAZARD CRITERIA V. PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION DATA

III. ROOM SIZES

I . DETECTION CRITERIA

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F (DETECTION).

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY RATE OF RISE.

ENTER: 135.0

135.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

45
ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F (DETECTION).

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY RATE OF RISE.

ENTER: geof

ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE, IN DEGREES F/MIN (DETECTION)

(TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION.)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: _0 1 0

0.0000 (INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION)

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE, IN DEGREES F/MIN (DETECTION).

(TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION.)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: 15.0

15.000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE, IN DEGREES F/MIN (DETECTION).

(TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION.)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: geof

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS /GRAM OF BULK GAS (DETECTION)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD CRITERIA DATA INPUT.

ENTER: geof

46
II. HAZARD CRITERIA

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F,

(INTERFACE ABOVE SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD

BY LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE BELOW EYELEVEL.

ENTER : 361.4

361.40

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE ABOVE SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD

BY LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE BELOW EYELEVEL.

ENTER: geof

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE BELOW SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD).

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD BY POC CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: 240.0

240.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE BELOW SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD BY POC CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: geof

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS/GRAM OF BULK GAS (HAZARD).

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO ROOM SIZE DATA INPUT.

47
ENTER: 0.0025

2.5000-03

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER : yes

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS /GRAM OF BULK GAS (HAZARD)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC : @EOF) TO MOVE TO ROOM SIZE DATA INPUT.

ENTER : geof

III. ROOM SIZE DATA

ENTER A COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT

ENTER: 20.0

20.000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT

ENTER: geof

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: gEOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER : 5000.0

5000.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

48
TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: (feof

IV, FIRE DATA

SELECT THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF FIRE ENERGY GENERATION.

TYPE 1 FOR AN EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVE.

2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 1

AN EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVE HAS BEEN SELECTED.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

GENERAL FORM: Q=Q1 EXP (ALPHA (T-Tl)

)

ENTER THE MAXIMUM TIME, IN SECONDS, FOR WHICH THE FIRE WILL BE MODELED.

ENTER: 1200.0

1200.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER: 1. THE ENERGY GENERATION RATE (Ql) , IN KILOWATTS,

AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH TIME SEGMENT, AND

2 . THE ENERGY GENERATION RATE EXPONENTIAL FACTOR (ALPHA)

,

IN UNITS OF 1/ SECOND, FOR THAT TIME SEGMENT.

ENTER ONE PAIR FOR EACH TIME SEGMENT IN THE CURVE.

ENTER THEM ONE AT A TIME.

WHEN ALL HAVE BEEN ENTERED, TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @E0F)

.

ENTER: 10.0, 0.025

ENTER: 400.0, 0.010

ENTER: 3000.0, 0.005

49
ENTER: @eof

1. Q

= 10.0 EXP (.025 (T-Tl)

2. Q

= 400.0 EXP ( . 010 (T-Tl)

3. Q

= 3000.0 EXP (.005 (T-Tl))

ARE THE EQUATIONS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER : yes

DO YOU WANT FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE DATA

PRESENTED IN NORMALIZED FORM, Q(t)/Q(l) (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

V.l. DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA

SINCE THERE WERE NO DETECTABLE CONCENTRATIONS SPECIFIED,

DATA DESCRIBING THE GENERATION OF A DETECTABLE PRODUCT

OF COMBUSTION WILL NOT BE REQUIRED.

V. 2 . HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA

SELECT THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.

TYPE 1 FOR A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY.

2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 1_

A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY HAS BEEN SELECTED

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER BETAH,

IN PRODUCT UNITS PER SEC PER KW OF FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE

PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAH X ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

ENTER: 0.007

7.0000-03

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

50
Batch Data Input:

The data required to solve the problem will now be shown in batch form.

Each line of data represents either a computer punch card or a line of data typed

at a computer terminal in batch mode. The extended form of output (132 characters/

line) is desired so the write code value will be changed to 3. The first card in

a batch data group must contain the words "BATCH DATA".

1.

General Data

Run title

Write code

X^, X^ , eyelevel, fire height

BATCH DATA

MULTI-EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH

3

.35, . 75, 3. , 2.0

2.

Detection Criteria

Layer temperature 135.0

@E0F

Rate of temperature rise 0.0

15.0

@E0F

Concentration @E0F

3.

Hazard Criteria

Temperature when interface above 361.4

eyelevel @E0F

Temperature when interface 240.0

below eyelevel @E0F

Concentration 0.0025

@E0F

51
4.

Room Characteristics

Height 20.0

@E0F

Area 5000.0

@E0F

5.

Fire Data: Energy Generation Rate

Fire type 1

Maximum time

Energy generation rates,

exponential factors

Normalized Output?

1200.0

10.0, 0.025

400.0, 0.010

3000.0, 0.005

@E0F

YES - NORMALIZED OUTPUT

6. Fire Data: Detectable Product of Combustion Generation Rate

7. Fire Data: Hazardous Product of Combustion Generation Rate

Product generation code 1

Beta, constant of proportionality 0.007

Results

The immediate detection (rate of rise is 0.°F/min) portion of the computer

output from the batch run is presented in Figure 3. These results indicate that

for a fire 2 ft (0.6 m) above the floor of a room of ceiling height 20 ft (6.1 m)

52
2 2 and area 5000 ft (465 m ) , whose rate-of-energy release is reasonably described

by the semi-universal fire described earlier, the onset of hazardous conditions

occurs approximately 523 seconds or 8.7 minutes after ignition. Thus, for a

case of immediate fire detection and successful alarm, the ASET is also 8.7

minutes

.

At the time of onset of hazardous conditions the average upper layer

temperature is 355. 5°F (179. 7°C), the smoke layer interface is 3 ft (0.91 m)

from the floor, and the average concentration of CO in the upper layer is 0.004

grams of CO per gram of upper layer mixture. Hazardous conditions are initiated

when the interface reaches the specified 3 ft (0.91 m) height of eyelevel on

account of the fact that the upper layer is of untenably high temperature (vis a

vis potential internal and/or external burns from ingestion and/or direct skin

contact) at that time.

If fire detection and alarm is not immediate, but occurs when the upper

layer temperature reaches 135°F (57.2°C), then the time of detection is 318

seconds and the ASET is reduced to 205 seconds. If detection occurs when the

upper layer rate-of-temperature-rise reaches 15°F/'min (8 . 33°C/min) , then the time

of detection is 219 seconds and the ASET is 304 seconds.

3.3 Example 3 - Flashover Potential Due to a Fire in "an Assembly of Bedding

Combustibles

In this last example the potential for room flashover due to a fire confined

to a wastepaper basket- (polyurethane) single mattress-bedding fuel assembly

will be evaluated. An estimate of the energy release rate during the free burn

53
of such a grouping of combustibles from ignition and on through fuel depletion

has been obtained from data of Babrauskas [5], and is plotted in Figure 3 of [2].

From ignition to t = 900 seconds this energy release rate history can be approximated by the following ten pair of points with linear interpolation between them:

Time Energy Relea

(s) (kW)

0 2.

70 36.

140 1 . 210 27.

290 200.

390 1200.

525 290.

650 106.

775 55.

900 38.

While a survey of literature by Peacock [10] indicated that an upper layer

temperature criterion for flashover is typically taken to be in the range of

1020-1420°F (550-770°C), the present model is not formulated in a manner as to

yield reliable results at temperatures beyond the approximate range 660-840 °F

(350-450°C). Accordingly, for the present evaluations a criterion for flashover

potential will be conservatively set at 750°F (400°C)

The fire described by the above energy release rate history will be "placed"

in rooms of ceiling height 8 and 12 ft (2.4 and 3.7 m) and areas ranging from

2 2 100-10000 ft (9.3 - 929 m ). As in Example 2, ALAMC and ALAMR will be taken as

0.70 and 0.35, respectively. The time of detection will be taken to be the time

of ignition. Onset of hazard will be interpreted as occuring when the potential

for flashover exists, i.e., when the upper layer temperature reaches 750°F (400°C)

no matter what the elevation of the interface. Under these conditions, the ASET

to be computed is to be interpreted as the time from ignition to the time of

potential flashover.

54
In a manner similar to that of Example 1, depleted oxygen will be

assigned the role of hazardous combustion product, where its hazardous

concentration will be taken as 0.09 g. , , _ per g (corresponding ^depleted 0 o r toupper r &

to a total oxygen concentration of 0.23 - 0.09 = 0.14 g„ per g ). Also,

0^

&upper

eyelevel as well as fire elevation will be taken as 2 ft (0.6 m) . If the

interface is below the 2 ft (0.6 m) fire elevation, and the oxygen concentration

is below 0.12-0.14 g^ per then the fire will be submerged in a vitiated

upper

environment whose oxygen level may not support continued flaming combustion.

By using the hazardous product criterion in the manner suggested, the calculation

would be appropriately terminated under such circumstances, and the event would

be clearly identified as onset of extreme vitiation. Indeed, even if extreme

vitiation does not occur prior to potential flashover, the depleted oxygen

concentration at the time of flashover would be an interesting output of the

calculation.

Interactive Data Input:

WILL DATA BE ENTERED INTERACTIVELY (Y/N )?

ENTER : yes

PROGRAM WILL BE EXECUTED IN THE INTERACTIVE MODE.

INSTRUCTIONS

TO ENTER DATA: TYPE REQUESTED VALUE OR VALUES (MULTIPLE VALUES

SEPARATED BY A COMMA OR BLANK), THEN PRESS CARRIAGE RETURN.

ENTER A RUN TITLE, UP TO 80 CHARACTERS LONG.

ENTER : flashover potential

ENTER CODE NUMBER OF THE DESIRED FORM OF OUTPUT:

TYPE 1 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT, 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE

2 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE

55
3 FOR FULL OUTPUT, 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE

4 FOR FULL OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE

ENTER: 1

SUMMARY OUTPUT, 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE HAS BEEN SELECTED.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER: 1. LAMDA R,

2 . LAMDA C

3. EYELEVEL HEIGHT, IN FEET, AND

4. FIRE HEIGHT, IN FEET.

DO YOU NEED MORE INFORMATION (Y/N)

ENTER: no

ENTER THE REQUESTED VALUES

ENTER : .35, .70, 2., 2.

LAMDA R = .35000

LAMDA C = .70000

EYELEVEL HEIGHT - 2.0000

FIRE HEIGHT = 2.0000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

DATA WILL BE ENTERED IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER:

I. DETECTION CRITERIA IV. FIRE DATA

II. HAZARD CRITERIA V. PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION DATA

III. ROOM SIZES

56
I . DETECTION CRITERIA

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F (DETECTION).

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY RATE OF RISE.

ENTER: (geof

ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE, IN DEGREES F/MIN (DETECTION)

.

(TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION.)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION

ENTER: 0^0_ 0.0000 (INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION)

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE, IN DEGREES F/MIN (DETECTION)

.

(TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTION.)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION

ENTER: @eof

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS/GRAM OF BULK GAS DETECTION.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD CRITERIA DATA INPUT

ENTER: (geof

II. HAZARD CRITERIA

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE ABOVE SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD

BY LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE BELOW EYELEVEL.

57
ENTER: 750.0

750.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER : yes

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE ABOVE SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD

BY LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE BELOW EYELEVEL.

ENTER: @eof

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE BELOW SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD BY POC CONCENTRATION.

ENTER: 750.0

750.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F

(INTERFACE BELOW SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD BY POC CONCENTRATION.

ENTER : geof

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PRODUCT UNITS /GRAM OF BULK GAS (HAZARD)

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: 0EOF) TO MOVE TO ROOM SIZE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 0.09

9.0000-02

58
IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,

IN PPODUCT UNITS /GRAM OF BULK GAS (HAZARD)

.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC : @EOF) TO MOVE TO ROOM SIZE DATA INPUT.

ENTER : (geof

III. ROOM SIZE DATA

ENTER A

TYPE AN

ENTER:

IS THIS

ENTER:

ENTER A

TYPE AN

ENTER:

IS THIS

ENTER:

ENTER A

TYPE AN

ENTER:

ENTER A

TYPE AN

ENTER:

COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.

END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT

8.0

8.0000

CORRECT (Y/N)?

yes

COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.

END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT

12.0

12.000

CORRECT (Y/N)?

yes

COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.

END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT

@eof

COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT

100.0

100.00

59
IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 120.0

120.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 200.0

200.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC : @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 250.0

250.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 300.0

300.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

60
ENTER

:

400.0

400.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 500.0

500.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 600.0

600.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 800.0

800.00

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 1000.0

1000.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

61
ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 1200.0

1200.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 2000.0

2000.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 3000.0

3000.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 4000.0

4000.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 5000.0

5000.0

62
IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER: yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER : 6000.0

6000.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @E0F) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER : 8000.0

8000.0

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 10000.0

10000.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.

TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.

ENTER: @eof

IV. FIRE DATA

SELECT THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF FIRE ENERGY GENERATION.

TYPE 1 FOR AN EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVE.

2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.

63
ENTER: 2

DIGITAL DATA INPUT HAS BEEN SELECTED.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)

ENTER: yes

ENTER: 1. THE MAXIMUM TIME, IN SECONDS, FOR WHICH THE FIRE WILL BE MODELED,

AND

2. THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION, IN KJ/KG.

ENTER: 900.0, 1.0

MAXIMUM TIME = 900.0

HEAT OF COMBUSTION = 1.000

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

ENTER THE INITIAL ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

ENTER: 2.0

Q0 = .2000+01

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER

yes

ENTER THE REST OF THE DIGITAL DATA POINTS ONE AT A TIME.

EACH DATA POINT SHOULD CONSIST OF A TIME, IN SECONDS, AND

A CORRESPONDING ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

WHEN ALL HAVE BEEN ENTERED, TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC: @EOF)

ENTER: 70. , 36.

ENTER: 140., 1.4

ENTER: 210., 27.

ENTER: 290., 200.

ENTER: 390., 1200.

ENTER: 525., 290.

ENTER: 650., 106.

ENTER:

775., 55.

ENTER: 900., 38.

64
ENTER: @eof

TAUQ(l) = 70.0 Q(l) = . 3600+02

TAUQ (2) = 140.0 Q (2) = .1400+01

TAUQ (3) = 210.0 Q(3) = .2700+02

TAUQ (4) = 290.0 Q(4) = .2000+03

TAUQ (5) = 390.0 Q (5) = . 1200+04

TAUQ (6) = 525.0 Q(6) = .2900+03

TAUQ (7) = 650.0 Q (7) = .1060+03

TAUQ (8) = 775.0 Q(8) = .5500+02

TAUQ (9) = 900.0 Q(9) = .3800+02

ARE THESE DATA POINTS CORRECT (Y/N)

?

ENTER: yes

DO YOU WANT FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE DATA

PRESENTED IN NORMALIZED FORM, Q(T)/Q0 (Y/N)?

ENTER: no

V.l. DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA

SINCE THERE WERE NO DETECTABLE CONCENTRATIONS SPECIFIED,

DATA DESCRIBING THE GENERATION OF A DETECTABLE PRODUCT

OF COMBUSTION WILL NOT BE REQUIRED.

V. 2

.

HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA

SELECT THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.

TYPE 1 FOR A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY.

2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.

ENTER: 1

A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY HAS BEEN SELECTED.

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER : yes

ENTER BETAH,

65
IN PRODUCT UNITS PER SEC PER KW OF FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAH X ENERGY GENERATION RATE

ENTER: 0.076

7.6000-02

IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N)?

ENTER: yes

Batch Data Input:

The data required to solve the problem will now be shown in batch form.

Each line of data represents either a computer punch card or a line of data

typed at a computer terminal in batch mode. The extended form of output is

not desired in this example, so the write code value will be 1. The first

card in a batch data group should contain the words "BATCH DATA".

1. General Data

BATCH DATA

Run title FLAS HOVER POTENTIAL

Write code 1

A , A^, eyelevel, fire height .35, .70, 2. , 2.

2. Detection Criteria

Layer temperature @E0F

Rate of temperature rise 0.0

@E0F

Concentration (3E0F

66
3 Hazard Criteria

Temperature when interface above eyelevel 750.0

@EOF

Temperature when interface below eyelevel 750.0

@E0F

Concentration 0.09

@E0F

4. Room Characteristics

Height 8.0

12.0

@E0F

Area 100.

120 .

200 .

250.

300.

400.

500.

600.

800.

1000.

1200.

2000.

3000.

4000.

5000.

67
6000.

5. Fire Data: Energy Generation Rate

Fire type

Maximum time, heat of combustion

8000.

10000.

@E0F

2

900. , 1.0

Initial energy generation rate 2.0

Data points

Normalized Output?

70., 36.

140. , 1.4

210., 27.

290., 200.

390., 1200.

525. , 290.

650. , 106.

775., 55.

900. , 38.

@E0F

NO - NORMALIZED OUTPUT

6. Fire Data: Detectable Product of Combustion Generation Rate

7. Fire Data: Hazardous Product of Combustion Generation Rate

Product generation code 1

Beta, constant of proportionality 0.076

68
Results

:

The relevant portion of the computer output from the batch run is

presented in Figure 4. The results from this have been plotted in Figure 5.

There, the time to reach potential flashover [750°F (400°C)] is plotted

against room area for the two room heights considered. From this figure it

is possible to reach the following conclusions: For a fire confined to the

subject fuel assembly:

(a) Flashover is not likely to take place in 8 ft (2.4 m) high rooms

2 2

of area larger than 2000 ft (136 m ) or in 12 ft (3.7 m) high

2 2 rooms of area larger than 800 ft (74 m ); for rooms of smaller

- area the times of potential flashover can be identified from the

plots.

(b) At the time of potential flashover the oxygen concentration of

the environment which surrounds the combustion zone is always

large enough (approximately 0.14) so that extinction on account

of oxygen vitiation may still not have occured.

4 . FUTURE EFFORTS

As indicated by the example calculations of the last section, the ASET

computer program should prove useful as a tool for providing practical estimates

of enclosure fire environments, in general, and of Available Safe Egress Times,

in particular.

69
The present ASET computer program is intended to represent an initial,

rather than a final, stage of development. Indeed, by measure of the numbers

and general interest of users which are attracted to it, the more successful

this computer program proves to be, the more likely it is that advanced

versions will be developed. In this regard, future ASET computer programs

would incorporate more detailed and more extensive mathematical simulations

of the essential features of enclosure fire phenomena. Advanced computer

programs would also provide a capability for invoking more sophisticated

criteria for detection and onset of hazard, criteria which were not constrained

to one, or even a few discrete environment descriptor end-points. Finally,

it is evident that future ASET programs could be significantly improved in

terms of the method of inputiog data and of .retrieving computer generated

results. The potential for adding these last types of improvements is clearly

constrained only by decisions on priorities in distributing available resources.

In short, the future of the ASET computer program concept is strongly

dependent on the nature of user feedback, which is heartily encouraged.

70
5 . REFERENCES

[1] Cooper, L.Y. , A Concept for Estimating Safe Available Egress Time in Fires,

submitted for publication in Fire Safety Journal.

[2] Cooper, L.Y., A Mathematical Model for Estimating Safe Available Egress

Time in Fires, to appear in Fire and Materials.

[3] Cooper, L.Y., Calculating Escape Time from Fires, Proceedings of 1980

SFPE/CFR Workshop on Engineering Applications of Fire Technology.

[4] Cooper, L.Y., Estimating Safe Available Egress Time from Fires,

NBSIR 80-2172, National Bureau of Standards, Feb.

,

1981.

[5] Babrauskas, V. , Combustion of Mattresses Exposed to Flaming Ignition

Sources. Part I. Full-Scale Tests and Hazard Analysis, NBSIR 77-1290,

National Bureau of Standards, Sept., 1977.

[6] Butcher, E.G., and Parnell, A.C., Smoke Control in Fire Safety Design,

E. and F.N. Spon, London, 1979.

[7] Huggett, C., Estimation of Rate of Heat Release by Means of Oxygen

Consumption Measurements, Fire and Materials, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1980.

[8] Friedman, R. , Quantification of Threat from a Rapidly Growing Fire

in Terms of Relative Material Properties, Fire and Materials, Vol. 2,

No. 1, 1978.

[9] Quintiere, J.G., Birky, M. , Smith, G. , and Macdonald, F. , An Analysis

of Smoldering Fires in Closed Compartments and Their Hazard Due to

Carbon Monoxide, to appear in Fire and Materials.

[10]

Peacock, R.D. and Breese, J.N.

,

Computer Fire Modeling for the Prediction

of Flashover, NBSIR 82-2516, National Bureau of Standards, May, 1982.

71
APPENDIX A: PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

General Comments

This computer program was written in ASCII Fortran (FTN) for the Univac

1100/80 computer located at the National Bureau of Standards. This program may

also be used on any computer with an ANSI FORTRAN compiler. It contains about

2300 source program statements and can be run on almost any digital computer of

adequate capacity. The program does not require any UNIVAC or other computer

specific subroutines. Output may be in either 80 characters per line or 132

characters per line format.

A program listing is provided in Appendix B. The main program and

subroutines are described below.

MAIN Program

The MAIN program reads the required input data and governs the overall

execution of the program. Statements in this part of the program allow it

to be run in either the interactive or batch mode. When in the interactive

mode, error checks have been provided to ensure that the data is entered

correctly

A "COMPUTED GO TO" statement in this part of the program allows the

user to select any one of three representative forms of fire energy generation

rate. Only two models have been provided; the user may add a third, if

desired. In the first fire simulation model the energy generation rate is

simulated by joined, exponentially growing curve segments. The number of

72
segments and the specific equations for each segment are deduced from usersupplied input data. In the second fire simulation model the energy generation

rate is simulated by joined, linear curve segments, where, again, the number

of segments and the linear interpolation between segment endpoints are

deduced from user-supplied data.

Another "COMPUTED GO TO" statement allows the user to describe the

generation of a detectable product of combustion in one of three ways. One

method uses a constant of proportionality to relate the products of combustion

generation rate to the energy generation rate. Another method uses linear

interpolation between user supplied data points to describe the generation

rate history of some detectable product of combustion. Again, the user may

it add some other model of detectable product of combustion generation, if desired.

A third "COMPUTED GO TO" statement allows the user to choose one of three

ways to describe the generation of a hazardous product of combustion. The

choices are the same as those used to describe the generation of a detectable

product of combustion.

For each detection mode, the room sizes are evaluated for hazard occurrence.

A maximum of twenty room ceiling heights and thirty compartment areas may be

specified for each run of the program. As many as ten values may be used for

each detection or hazard mode. Any combination of detection modes, hazard

criteria, and room sizes may be used. It is not necessary to use all detection

modes, hazard criteria, and room sizes, but at least one of each must be specified.

73
EXFIRE Subroutine

If the multi-exponential growth option is selected in MAIN, then this

routine which is called one time, takes the input data and computes the

initial times for each of the exponentially growing curve segments of the

energy generation rate curve. In particular, the curve segments satisfy

Q =

Q_^ exp (t-t^) ] for i >_ 1, and this routine finds all t^ from usersupplied and Having done this, the routine then provides a printout

which explicitly describes the multi-exponential growth algorithm ultimately

used to compute Q.

FUNQ Subroutine

This subroutine calculates the energy generation rate at any given time.

This routine is referenced by the SUBAINT and SUBF subroutines. It is

currently divided into two parts. If the user wishes to develop another model

of energy generation, then a third part may be added to this subroutine.

The first part of this subroutine uses the multi-exponential fire growth

curve to compute energy generation rates. The other part computes energy

generation rates using linear interpolation between digital data points.

FUNPRD Subroutine

This routine calculates the generation rate of some detectable product

of combustion at any given time. This subroutine has also been divided into

two parts. A third model of the generation of a detectable product of

74
combustion may be added by the user.

One part of FUNPRD uses a constant of proportionality, relating product

of combustion generation rate to energy generation rate, to calculate

detectable product of combustion generation rates. The other uses linear

interpolation between digital data points to compute the detectable product

of combustion generation rates.

FUNPRH Subroutine

This routine calculates the generation rate of some hazardous product

of combustion at any given time. It is exactly the same as the FUNPRD subroutine.

SUBAINT Subroutine

This routine sets up the numerical integration necessary for obtaining

the smoke layer interface position as it drops from the ceiling. It also

sets up the integrations required to compute the history of the average upper

layer temperature, detectable product of combustion concentration, and

hazardous product of combustion concentration. The integrations are done

in specified time intervals. Results from these integrations are checked

against detection and hazard criteria to determine when detection and hazard

occur. If detection or hazard occurs within a time interval, linear interpolation is used to obtain the time and fire environment characteristics

at detection or hazard.

75
Finally, this subroutine will print the times of detection and hazard,

the fire environment characteristics at detection and hazard, and the safe

available egress time. If desired, it will print a history of these charactersitics as the fire grows.

INTGR Subroutine

This subroutine is called by the SUBAINT subroutine to integrate the

differential equations describing the smoke layer interface elevation, average

upper layer temperature, detectable product of combustion concentration, and

hazardous product of combustion concentration over a given time step size.

It will segment the specified step size as necessary to obtain specified

accuracy in the integration. If convergence has not been obtained after the

original step size has been subdivided by a factor of 100, an error message

is printed, the integration is terminated, and program execution continues

with the next fire scenario.

SUBF Subroutine

This routine contains the differential equations which describe the

development of the smoke layer interface elevation, the average upper layer

temperature, the concentration of a detectable product of combustion, and

the concentration of a hazardous product of combustion. It is required by

the INTGR subroutine.

76
This subroutine has been divided into four parts. Each part consists

of the four equations in forms appropriate for use during a certain time

period. All but the first of these periods have been defined in terms of

the location of the smoke layer interface. "IF" statements are used to

determine which set of equations is appropriate at any given time.

The first part of this subroutine handles the special case at time

equal to 0 when the fire is initiated. After the fire has been ignited and

until such time as the smoke layer interface reaches the height of the fire,

the general forms of the equations are used to determine interface elevation,

layer temperature, and combustion product concentrations. Once the smoke layer

interface reaches the height of the fire, the plume entrainment part of each

equation may be eliminated. A third set of equations has been provided to

handle this condition. When the smoke layer interface reaches the floor, the

last set of equations is used.

INPUT Subroutine

When in the interactive mode, this subroutine is called by the MAIN

program. It asks the user to confirm input values. If the value is incorrect,

it solicits a new value. This routine is used to check almost all input values.

It does not check the digital data input or some other values checked by the

MAIN program.

INPUT2 Subroutine

When in the interactive mode, this subroutine is called by the MAIN program.

It asks the user to confirm input values. If the value is incorrect, it solicits

a new value. This routine is used to check the digital data point input (fire

and product of combustion)

.

77
APPENDIX B: PROGRAM LISTING

MAIN PROGRAM

4* **** 44*************^********************************

C* **.*.**.* V * * * * *******   ** ******* ************* * *********** *** ******* * ** c* * C* CALCULATING AVAILABLE SAFE EGRESS TIME (ASET) * C* * £***** ******* ****** * ********** *********   ** *** ** ******************

£******* ** ******* ****** ******* ****** ** ******** ***** ********* ***********

C* * C* WRITTEN BY LEONARD Y. COOPER AND * DAVID W. STROUP * C* * C* CENTER FOR FIRE RESEARCH * C* NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY * C* NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS * C* U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE * C* WASHINGTON. D.C. 20234 * C* * C* ****** *********** ***************** ***********************************

c* * C* PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION! * C* * C* NB SI R 82-2578 * C* CALCULATING AVAILABLE SAFE EGRESS TIME (ASET) - * C* A COMPUTER PROGRAM AND USER'S GUIDE * C* * C* ****** ******************************************* ********************

c* * C* REVISED SEPTEMBER 13. 1982 * C* * c* ********************************** ***************** ******************

<;* ******************************************************************* **

C

C THIS IS EGRESS* ASET .MAIN. IT REQUIRES E GRESS* ASET • EXF I RE

C AND EGRESS*ASET. SU3AINT

C

C* ******** ***************************************** ********************

C

C NOTATION

C

c* *********************************************************** **********

C AKAP(N) ENERGY GENERATION RATE EXPONENTIAL FACTOR IN THE NTH TIME

C SEGMENT. READ IN AND USED TO CHARACTERIZE THE MULTI -EXPONENC TIAL ENERGY GENERATION RATE HISTORY.

C ALAMC THE FRACTION OF ENERGY GENERATION RATE INSTANTANEOUSLY LOST TO

C THE BOUNDING SURFACES OF THE ROOM AND ITS CONTENTS.

C ALAMR THE FRACTION OF ENERGY GENERATION RATE INSTANTANEOUSLY LOST BY

C RADIATION FROM THE COMBUSTION ZONE AND THE PLUME.

C AHF ARGUMENT - HF(K)

C ASF ARGUMENT - SF(M)

C ASM ARGUMENT - SM(M)

C BETAD CONSTANT OF PRO PORT I ONALI T Y BETWEEN DETECTABLE PRODUCT

C GENERATION RATE AND ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

C SPECIFICALLY DEFINED AS!

C

C PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAD * ENERGY GENERATION RATE

C

78
MAIN PROGRAM

C

c

c

cc

cc

cc

c

c

c

cc

cc

cc

c

cc

c

cc

c

ccc

cc

cc

c

c

cc

c

c

c

c

c

c

cc

cc

c

cc

c

cc

c

cc

ccc

BETAH

Cl

C2

C3D

C3H

CNDSP

CNHAZS

CNDS (

I

CNHS(L)

DELTA

DELTAM

DPHI

DP HI DS

DPRDTO

DPRHTO

DQDTO

FIRE

FLAG

HCOMB

HF ( I ) HM ( I )

OR

(PRODUCT GENERATION RATE / PRDO 1 * (BETAD * QO/PRDO)

(ENERGY GENERATION RATE / QO

)

USED WHEN PRODD=l.

READ IN DIMENSIONS OF PRODUCT UN ITS/ ( SEC*K W )

CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONAL ITY BETWEEN HAZARDOUS PRODUCT

GENERATION RATE AND ENERGY GENERATION RATE

SPECIFICALLY DEFINED AS!

PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAH ENERGY GENERATION RATE

OR

(PRODUCT GENERATION RATE / PRHO ) = (BETAH QO/PRHO)

(ENERGY GENERATION RATE / QO)

USED WHEN PRODH=i.

READ IN DIMENSIONS OF PRODUCT UNITS/( SEC+KW)

DIMENSIONLESS GROUP,

DIMENSIONLESS GROUP.

DIMENSIONLESS GROUP.

DIMENSIONLESS GROUP.

DIMENSIONLESS SPECIFIED DETECTABLE PRODUCT CONCENTRATION

CORRESPONDING TO CNDS(I).

SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS PRODUCT CONCENTRATION CORRESPONDING TO

A PARTICULAR CNHS(L). IN UNITS OF AMOUNT OF PRODUCT PER UNIT

MASS OF BULK GAS.

) SPECIFIED DETECTABLE PRODUCT CONCENTRATION. UNITS OF AMOUNT

OF PRODUCT PER UNIT MASS OF BULK GAS.

SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS PRODUCT CONCENTRATION. UNITS OF AMOUNT

OF PRODUCT PER UNIT MASS OF BULK GAS.

THE HEIGHT OF THE FIRE ABOVE THE FLOOR IN FEET.

THE HEIGHT OF THE FIRE ABOVE THE FLOOR IN METERS.

DPHI /DTAU GENERATED IN SUBF DURING COURSE OF INTEGRATION.

DIMENSIONLESS RATE OF TEMP RISE CORRESPONDING TO RRDSPF(I).

DPRD/DTAU AT TIME TAU=0. (DETECTABLE PRODUCT)

DPRH/DTAU AT TIME TAU=0. (HAZARDOUS PRODUCT)

DQ/DTAU AT TIME TAU=0.

INDICATES THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF ENERGY GENERATION RATE FOR

THE PARTICULAR COMPUTER RUN? WHEN FIRE=1, MULTI-EXPONENTIAL

FIRE GROWTH CURVE. WHEN FIRE=2. DIGITAL DATA INPUT. WHEN

FIRE=3. SOME OTHER ANALYTIC FIRE GROWTH FUNCTION (NONE

PRESENTLY INCORPORATED INTO THE PROGRAM).

INDICATOR OF WHICH DETECTION METHOD IS UNDER CONSIDERATION.

WHEN FLAG=1, DETECTION BY POC CONCENTRATION.

WHEN FLAG=2. DETECTION BY UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE.

WHEN FLAG=3, DETECTION BY RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE.

THE VALUE OF FLAG IS ASSIGNED BY THE PROGRAM. THE VALUE,

1, 2, OR 3 , IT RECEIVES IS DEPENDENT ON THE INPUT VALUES

OF NCND . NTMD, AND NRRD.

THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION (IN KJ/KG) USED TO CONVERT DIGITAL

DATA, QDATA(N), INPUT AS MASS LOSS RATES TO ENERGY RELEASE

RATES. IF QDATA(N) ARE INPUT DIRECTLY AS ENERGY RELEASE RATES

IN KW, THEN INPUT HCOMB=1.0.

COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT IN FEET.

COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT IN METERS.

79
MAIN PROGRAM

C

Cc

c

c

cc

c

cc

c

cc

c

c

cc

ccc

c

ccc

c

cc

rc

c

cc

c

cc

c

cc

c

c

ccc

cc

cc

cc

c

cc

c

cc

c

cc

IDETH

IDETR

IDETT

INTER

LINTER

LNORM

NCNO

NCNH

NDET

NH

NORM

NPTSP

NPTSQ

NRRD

NS

NSEGPO

NSEGPH

NSEGQ

NSEGM1

NT MD

NTMHU

NTMHL

PHI DSP

PHIHSU

PHIHSL

INDICATOR OF WHETHER OR NOT DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION

IS TO BE CONSIDERED IN SUBROUTINE AINT.

IF I DETH=0 • DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION WILL BE

CONSIDERED.

IF IDETH=1. DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION WILL NOT BE

CONSIDERED.

THE VALUE* 1 OR 0* OF IDETH IS ASSIGNED BY THE PROGRAM

BASED ON THE PRESENT VALUE OF FLAG. IDETH IS A

VARIABLE.

ANALOGOUS TO IDETH FOR DETECTION BY RATE OF TEMPERATURE

RISE OF UPPER LAYER.

ANALOGOUS TO IDETH FOR DETECTION BY UPPER LAYER TEMP.

INDICATOR OF WHETHER INTERACTIVE OR BATCH MODE IS BEING USED.

IF INTER=YES. INTERACTIVE MODE.

IF I NTER=NO * BATCH MODE.

LOGICAL EQUIVALENT TO INTER.

IF L I NTER= T RUE • INTERACTIVE MODE.

IF LINTER=FALSE. BATCH MODE.

LOGICAL EQUIVALENT TO NORM.

IF LNORM=TRUE « NORMALIZED OUTPUT.

IF LNORM=F ALSE. DO NOT NORMALIZE OUTPUT.

THE NUMBER OF CASES OF DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION.

THE NUMBER OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCT CONCENTRATIONS CONSIDERED.

UPPER BOUND OF A DO LOOP. NDET IS SET EQUAL TO THE NUMBER

OF CASES OF DETECTION BY THE SPECIFIC MEANS OF DETECTION OF

INTEREST. I • E . * THE PROGRAM GOES THROUGH NCND FIRST (IF

NCND IS NOT EQUAL TO 0). SETTING NDET = NCND AND GOING

THROUGH ALL CASES OF DETECTION BY CONCENTRATION. THE

NUMBER OF CASES OF DETECTION BY UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE.

NTMD • IS GONE THROUGH SECOND AND NRRD THIRD.

THE NUMBER OF- ROOM HEIGHTS TO BE CONSIDERED.

INDICATOR OF WHETHER OR NOT FIRE DATA OUTPUT SHOULD BE

NORMALIZED.

IF NORM=YES. NORMALIZED OUTPUT.

IF NORM=NO* DO NOT NORMALIZE OUTPUT.

THE NUMBER OF ( T IME * PRODUCT ) DIGITAL DATA POINTS TO BE INPUT

WHEN WORKING WITH DIGITAL DATA.

THE NUMBER OF (TIME. ENERGY GENERATION RATE) DIGITAL DATA POINTS

TO BE INPUT WHEN WORKING WITH DIGITAL DATA.

THE NUMBER OF CASES FOR DETECTION BY RATE OF TEMPERATURE

RISE OF THE UPPER LAYER.

THE NUMBER OF ROOM AREAS TO BE CONSIDERED.

USED WHEN PRODD=2. NUMBER OF SEGMENTS OF THE PRODUCT GENERATION

RATE HISTORY (DETECTABLE PRODUCT).

USED WHEN PRODH=2. NUMBER OF SEGMENTS OF THE PRODUCT GENERATION

RATE HISTORY (HAZARDOUS PRODUCT).

USED WHEN FIRE =1 OR 2. THE NUMBER OF SEGMENTS OF THE ENERGY

GENERATION RATE HISTORY.

THE NUMBER OF SEGMENTS MINUS 1. I.E.. NSEGQ-1.

THE NUMBER OF CASES FOR DETECTION BY TEMP OF THE LAYER.

THE NUMBER OF SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS LAYER TEMPERATURES TO

BE CONSIDERED WHEN INTERFACE IS ABOVE ZETEYE.

THE NUMBER OF SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS LAYER TEMPERATURES TO

BE CONSIDERED WHEN INTERFACE IS BELOW ZETEYE.

DIMENSIONLESS DETECTION TEMPERATURE CORRESPONDING TO TMDSPF(I).

DIMENSIONLESS HAZARDOUS TEMPERATURE CORRESPONDING TO

TMHSUF ( I )

DIMENSIONLESS HAZARDOUS TEMPERATURE CORRESPONDING TO

80
MAIN PROGRAM

C TMHSLF(I).

C PRD(N) IF PRODD =2 (LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA POINTS)!

C AT INPUT. THE PRD(N) ARE READ IN AS PRODUCT GENERATION

C RATES IN PRODUCT UNITS PER SECOND AT THE END OF SEGMENT N.

C THIS VECTOR IS NORMALIZED BY DIVIDING EACH COMPONENT

C BY PRDO • HERE N= 1 ...... NSEGPD . (DETECTABLE PRODUCT)

C PRH(N) IF PRODH -2 (LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA POINTS)!

C AT INPUT. THE PRH(N) ARE READ IN AS PRODUCT GENERATION

C RATES IN PRODUCT UNITS PER SECOND AT THE END OF SEGMENT N.

C THIS VECTOR IS NORMALIZED BY DIVIDING EACH COMPONENT

C BY PRHO . HERE N= 1 ...... NSEGPH. (HAZARDOUS PRODUCT)

C PRODD INDICATES THE REPRESENTIT I VE FORM OF DETECTABLE COMBUSTION

C PRODUCT GENERATION RATE FOR THE PARTICULAR COMPUTER RUN. WHEN

C PRODD=l PRODUCT GENERATION RATE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

C TO ENERGY GENERATION RATE THROUGH A FIXED CONSTANT OF PROPORC TIONALITY. BETAD. WHEN PR0DD=2. DIGITAL DATA FOR PRODUCT

C GENERATION WITH LINEAR INTERPOLATION IS SUPPLIED. WHEN

C PRODD=3. SOME ANALYTIC GENERATION IS PRESCRIBED (NONE PRESENTLY

C AVAILABLE).

C PRODH INDICATES THE REPRE SENTI TI VE FORM OF HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION

C PRODUCT GENERATION RATE FOR THE PARTICULAR COMPUTER RUN. WHEN

C PRODH=l PRODUCT GENERATION RATE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

C TO ENERGY GENERATION RATE THROUGH A FIXED CONSTANT OF PROPORC TIONALITY, BETAH. WHEN PR0DH=2 DIGITAL DATA FOR PRODUCT

C GENERATION WITH LINEAR INTERPOLATION IS SUPPLIED. WHEN

C PR0DH=3 SOME ANALYTIC GENERATION IS PRESCRIBED (NONE PRESENTLY

C AVAILABLE).

C PRDO INITIAL DETECTABLE PRODUCT GENERATION RATE IN PRODUCT UNITS

C PER SECOND.

C PRHO INITIAL HAZARDOUS PRODUCT GENERATION RATE IN PRODUCT UNITS

C PER SECOND.

C Q(N) IF FIRE =2 (LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA POINTS)!

C AT INPUT, THE Q(N) ARE READ IN AS ENERGY GENERATION

C RATES IN KW (OR MASS LOSS RATE IF HCOMBW1.) AT THE END

C OF SEGMENT N. THIS VECTOR IS THEN NORMALIZED BY DIVIDC ING EACH COMPONENT BY QO . HERE N= 1 ...... NScGQ

C IF FIRE =1 (EXPONENTIAL INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA POINTS)!

C AT INPUT, THE Q ( N ) ARE IMMEDIATELY READ IN A NORMALC X ZED FORM AS ENERGY GENERATION RATES IN KW AT THE END

C OF SEGMENT N DIVIDED BY QO . HERE N = 1 NSEG Q- 1 . C IF NSEGQ=1 THEN Q(N) IS NOT USED.

C QO THE INITIAL POWER OF THE FIRE IN KW . INPUT FOR

C DIGITAL DATA. DETERMINED BY PROGRAM FOR MULTI-EXPONENTIAL

C CURVE.

C RRDSPC(I) SPECIFIED RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF LAYER FOR

C DETECTION IN DEGREES C PER MINUTE.

C RRDSPF ( I ) SPECIFIED RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF LAYER FOR

C DETECTION IN DEGREES F PER MINUTE.

C SF(I) ROOM AREA IN SQUARE FEET.

C SM ( I ) ROOM AREA IN SQUARE METERS.

C TAULIM MAXIMUM TAU FOR WHICH FIRE IS MODELED OR TAU WHEN FIRE IS OUT.

C DIMENSIONS IN SECONDS.

C TAUPRD(N) TIME IN SECONDS AT THE END OF THE NTH DETECTABLE PROOUCT

C SEGMENT. READ IN FOR LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA

C POINTS, I.E., IF PRODD=2.

C TAUPRH(N) TIME IN SECONDS AT THE END OF THE NTH HAZARDOUS PRODUCT

C SEGMENT. READ IN FOR LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA

C POINTS, I.E., IF PRODH—2

.

81
MAIN PROGRAM

TMDSPC

(

TMDSPF

(

TMHSUC

TMHSJF

TM HSLC

(

TMHSLF

WRC

ZETEYE

ZETO

ZEYEF

ZEYEM

TIME IN SECONDS AT THE END OF THE NTH ENERGY SEGMENT. READ

IN FOR LINEAR INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA POINTS. I.E.. IF

FIRE=2. COMPUTED FOR EXPONENTIAL INTERPOLATION BETWEEN DATA

POINTS. I.E.. IF F I RE= 1

•

I) SPECIFIED LAYER TEMPERATURE FOR DETECTION IN DEGREES C.

I) SPECIFIED LAYER TEMPERATURE FOR DETECTION IN DEGREES F.

I) SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE IS

ABOVE ZETEYE IN DEGREES C.

I) SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE IS

ABOVE ZETEYE IN DEGREES F.

I) SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE IS

BELOW ZETEYE IN DEGREES C.

I) SPECIFIED HAZARDOUS LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE IS

BELOW ZETEYE IN DEGREES F.

WR ITE/SUPPRESS CODE

IF WRC=1. SUMMARY OUTPUT. 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE.

IF WRC=2, SUMMARY OUTPUT. 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE.

IF WRC=3. FULL OUTPUT. 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE.

IF WRC=4, FULL OUTPUT. 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE.

THE SPECIFIED HEIGHT OF EYELEVEL ABOVE THE FLOOR IN FEET. IF

INTERFACE DROPS BELOW THIS LEVEL THEN THE ONSET OF HAZARDOUS

CONDITIONS WILL OCCUR WHEN UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS

TMHSLF ( I )

•

THE INITIAL HEIGHT OF THE INTERFACE FROM THE FLOOR = HF ( K

)

THE INPUT SPECIFIED HEIGHT (IN FEET) OF EYELEVEL FROM THE FLOOR

FOR HAZARD.

THE INPUT SPECIFIED HEIGHT (IN METERS) OF EYELEVEL FROM THE

FLOOR FOR HAZARD.

C

c

10

INTEGER FI RE. FLAG, WRC. TITLE (20) , PRODD , PRODH

DIMENSION CND S ( 10 ) .TMDSPF ( 10) , TMDSPC ( 10) .CNHS (10).HF(20),HM(20),

2 SF(30) , SM(3 0 ) . TMHSUF ( 10 ) • T MHSLF ( 10 ) .TMHSUC ( 10).

3 TMHSLCC 10) , RRD SPF ( 1 0 ) ,RRDSPC( 10

)

COMMON NSEGQ, N SEGPD, NSEGPH, TAUQ( 100) .TAUPRD ( 1 00 ) . TAUPRH ( 1 00 )

,

2 Q( 1 00) , PRD ( 100 ) .PRH( 100 ) ,AKAP( 100) .Cl . C2 . C3D . C3H , ZETO , F I RE , 3 PRODD , PRODH .LIMIT . DPH I , TAUL I M L INTER . DELTA DQDTO , DPRDTO . 4 DPRHTO , QO , LNORM

LOGICAL LINTER. LNORM

CHARACTER YES , NO. BATCH, I NTER . NO RM , I CHECK, INFO.CHARTR

EXTERNAL F

DATA YES , NO • B A TCH/ •Y* »

* N • , • B •

/

WRITE (6,2400)

WRITE (6,2430) < WRITE (6,2400)

WRITE (6,1860)

READ (5.1530) INTER

IF ( INTER. EQ. YES) L INTER=. TRUE

.

IF (( INTER. EQ .NO) .OR. ( INTER. EQ. BATCH ) ) L INTER=. FALSE.

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,1870)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,1510)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,1880)

READ (5,1520) TITLE

82
MAIN PROGRAM

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2410)

WRITE (6*1570) TITLE

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 20

WRITE (6.1940)

READ (5,1530) ICHECK

IF { ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 10

20 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*1890)

READ (5*1550* ERR=3 0 ) WRC

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

IF ( WRC .EQ. 1 ) WRITE (6*1900)

IF (WRC.EQ.2) WRITE (6,1910)

IF (WRC.EQ.3) WRITE (6,1920)

IF (WRC.EQ.4) WRITE (6,1930)

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 50

WRITE (6,1940)

READ (5,1530) ICHECK

IF ( ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 20

GO TO 50

30 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 20

40 WRITE (6,2450)

c STOP 1

V.c INPUT DATA IN ENGLISH UNITS AND CONVERT

V.£0 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 1950)

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 60

RE AD (5.1530) INFO

IF ( INFO. EQ. YES) WRITE (6,1960)

WRITE (6,1970)

£0 READ (5,*,ERR=70) ALA MR , ALA MC • ZEYEF

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

SAME TO METRIC UNITS.

WRITE (6,1540) ALA MR , ALA MC * ZEYEF • DELTA

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 80

WRITE (6,1940)

70

eo

READ (5,1530) ICHECK

IF ( ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 50

GO TO 80

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 244 0)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 50

GO TO 40

DELTA M=DELTA*0 .3048

ZEYEM=ZEYEF*0 .3048

50

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 1980)

IF (L INTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,1990)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

1=1

NTMD= 0

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2000)

READ (5 . *,ERR=100

END=1 10) TMDSPF

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6,*) TMDSPF (I)

I END=0

IF (LINTER) CALL I NPUT (TMDSPF(I)

83
MAIN PROGRAM

100

110

120

130

IF ( IEND.EQ.999) GO TO 110

NTMD=NTMD+1

TMDSPC( I )=(TMDSPF( I J-32. 1/1.8

1= 1 + 1 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410

GO TO 90

IF (L INTER) WRITE (6.2440

IF (LINTER) GO TO 90

GO TO 40

1 = 1 NRRD=0

I p (LINTER) WRITE (6*2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2010)

READ (5,*,ERR=130.END=140) RRDSPF( I

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6,*) RRDSPF(I)

IF ( ( RRDSPF ( I ) .GT.-O. 0001 ) .AND • ( RRDSPF ( I ) 2 WRITE (6,2020)

I END=0

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT ( RRDSPF ( I ) • I END

>

IF (IEND.EQ.999) GO TO 140

NRRD=NRRD+1

RRDSPC ( I ) =RRD SPF ( I )/l .8

1=1 + 1 IF (L INTER) WR ITE

GO TO 120

IF (L INTER) WR ITE

IF (L INTER) GO TO

GO TO 40

(6,2410)

(6,2440)

120

140 1=1

NCND=0

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

150 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2030)

READ ( 5.*,ERR=160,END=170) CNDS(I)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE ( 6 , * ) CNDS( I

)

I END=0

IF (LINTER) CALL

IF (IEND.EQ.999)

NCND=NCND+1

1=1 + 1

INPUT ( CNDS( I ) * IEND

)

GO TO 170

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 2410

GO TO 150

160 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 2440

IF (LINTER) GO TO 150

GO TO 40

170 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 2400

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 2040

1 = 1 NT MHU = 0

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 2400

180 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6, 2050

READ (5,4 »ERR= 190 .END= 200

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6. 2410

TMHSUF ( I

)

WRITE (6.4) TMHSUF ( I

)

I END=0

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT ( TMHSUF ( I ) IE ND

)

IF (IEND.EQ.999) GO TO 200

•LT. 0.0001 )

)

84
MAIN PROGRAM

NTMHU=NTMHU+l

TMHSUC ( I ) = ( TMHSUF ( I )-32. )/l .8

1=1 + 1 IF < L. INTER) WRITE (6. 2410)

GO TO 180

190 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6. 2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 180

GO TO 40

200 1 = 1 NT MHL =0

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6. 2400)

o

*4 t1 (LINTER) WRITE < 6, 2060)

READ ( 5 * ,ERR=220 « END= 230)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6. 2410)

WRITE (6,*) TMHSLF (I)

TMHSLF < I

)

IEND=0

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT ( TMHSLF ( I ), IEND

)

IF ( IEND. EQ. 999) GO TO 230

NT MHL =NT MHL+

1

TMHSLC ( I ) = ( TMHSLF ( I )-32. )/1.8

1 = 1 + 1 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

GO TO 210

22 0 IF (L INTER) WRITE (6.2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 210

GO TO 40

230 1=1

NCNH=0

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2400)

240 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2070)

READ (5,*,ERR=250,END=260) CNHS(I)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE ( 6 , * ) CNHS(I)

IEND=0

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT ( CNHS ( I ) , I END

)

IF ( IEND. EQ. 999) GO TO 260

NCNH= NCNH+l

1 = 1 + 1 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

GO TO 240

250 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2440

}

IF (LINTER) GO TO 240

GO TO 40

260 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2080)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2400)

1 = 1 NH= 0

270 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2090)

READ (5,*,ERR=280 , END=290 ) HF ( I

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

WRITE (6,4) HF( I)

IEND=0

IF (LINTER) CALL I NPUT ( HF ( I ) , I El IF ( I END .EQ • 999) GO TO 290

nh=nh+i

1 = 1+1

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

85
MAIN PROGRAM

28 0

29 0

300

31 0

32 0

330

340

350

360

37 0

380

C

C THIS

C

39 0

GO TO 270

IF CL INTER) WRITE (6*2440)

IF (L INTER) GO TO 270

GO TO 40

DO 310 IS=1.NH

DO 300 JS=1,NH

IF ( HF( IS) .LE.HFC JS) ) GO TO 300

IF (IS.GE.JS) GO TO 300

TSTORE=HF( IS)

HF ( IS)=HF( JS)

HF ( JS)=TSTORE

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

DO 320 I M=1 * NH

HMC I M)=HF< IM ) *0.3048

1*1

NS = 0

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2100)

READ ( 5 . * .ERR =340 * END* 350) SF ( I

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6,*) SF ( I

)

I END=0

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT (SF(I).IEND)

IF ( IEND.EQ.999 ) GO TO 350

NS=NS+1

1 = 1 + 1 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

GO TO 330

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 330

GO TO 40

DO 370 I S=1 , NS

DO 360 J S=1 • NS

IF ( SF( IS) .LE. SF( JS) ) GO TO 360

IF (IS.GE.JS) GO TO 360

TSTORE=SF( IS)

SF ( IS)=SF( JS)

SF ( J S ) =T STORE

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

DO 380 IM=1,NS

SMC I M)*SF( IM) *0.0929

SECTION INPUTS DATA FOR FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE.

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2110)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2120)

READ (5,1 550 , ERR* 4 00 ) FIRE

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

IF (FIRE.EQ.l) WRITE (6,2130)

IF (FIRE.EQ.2) WRITS (6,2140)

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 410

WRITE (6.1940)

READ (5.1530) ICHECK

IF ( ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 390

86
MAIN PROGRAM

GO TO 410

400 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 390

GO TO 40

410 GO TO (420, 500,590). FIRE

C INPUT DATA FOR MULTI— EX PONE NT I

,

V.42 0 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

IF (L INTER) WRITE (6,2150)

RE,AD (5.4,ERR=430) TAULIM

IF (L INTER) WRITE (6.2410)

WRITE (6.*) TAULIM

IF (LINTER) CALL I NPUT (TA

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

IF (LINTER) WRITE ( 6.2160)

GO TO 440

43 0 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 420

GO TO 40

440 N= 1 45 0 READ (5.*. ERR =460

.

END=470)

Ns N+l

GO TO 450

460 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 450

GO TO 40

FIRE GROWTH CURVE.

47 0

48 0

490

Q(N) .AKAP ( N)

NSE GQ=N—

1

ITYPE=i

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

WRITE (6.2170) ( N Q ( N ). AKAP ( N ), N=1 , NSEGQ

)

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT2 ( AKAP . Q, ITYPE)

QO-Q ( 1

)

NSEGM 1 =NSEGQ—

1

DO 480 N=1,NSEGM1

Q<N)sQ(N+l )/Q0

CONTINUE

DQDTO=AKAP( 1

i

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2180)

READ (5.1530) NORM

IF ( NORM. EQ. YES) LNORM= . TRUE

.

(NORM. EQ. NO) LN0RM= .FALSE.

( LNORM ) WRITE (6.2190)

( .NOT. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6.2200)

( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 600

WRITE (6.1940)

READ (5.1530) ICHECK

IF ( I CHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 490

GO TO 600

IF

IF

IF

IF

C

C INPUT THE VALUE OF TAUQ AND Q AT EACH DIGITAL DATA

C SEGMENT. NSEGQ.

C

500 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2210)

READ (5.4. ERR — 510) TAULIM.HCOMB

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

WRITE (6.2220) TAULIM.HCOMB

87
MAIN PROGRAM

51 0

£2 0

£3 0

£40

£5 0

IF C • NOT • (LIN TER ) ) GO TO 520

WRITE (6.1940)

READ (5.1530) ICHECK

IF < ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 500

GO TO 520

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 500

GO TO 40

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2230)

READ (5.*.ERR=530) QO

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6.2240) QO

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT ( QO

WRITE (6.2410)

WRITE

0 ) IF

IF

GO

IF

IF

GO

N=1

READ

(LINTER)

(LINTER)

TO 540

(LINTER)

(LINTER)

TO 40

WRITE

GO TO

( 6,2250)

(6,2440)

520

(5,*.ERR=560,END=570) TAUQ(N) ,Q(N)

N = N+1

GO TO 550

£60 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 550

GO TO 40

£70 NSE G G=N—

1

I T Y PE =2

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6,1730) ( N , TAUQ ( N ) ,N , Q ( N ) . N= 1 , NSEG Q

)

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT2 ( T AUQ , Q , ITYPE

)

£80 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2260)

READ (5,1530) NORM

IF ( NORM. EQ. YES) LNORM=. TRUE.

IF (NORM. EQ. NO) LNOPM= . FALSE

.

IF (LNORM) WRITE (6,2190)

IF ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6.2200)

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 600

WRITE (6,1940)

READ (5,1530) ICHECK

IF ( ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 580

GO TO 600

C

C ENERGY GENERATION RATE GIVEN BY ANALYTIC FUNCTION

C

£90 WRITE (6,1600)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 350

STOP 2

C

C THIS SECTION INPUTS DATA FOR DETECTABLE PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.

C

600 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2270)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2400)

IF (NCND.EQ.O) WRITE (6.2380)

IF (NCND.EQ.O) GO TO 650

610 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2280)

88
MAIN PROGRAM

£2 0

READ ( 5-. 1550,ERR=620) PRODD

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2410)

IF (PRODD. EQ.l) WRITE (6*2290)

IF (PRODD.EQ. 2) WRITE (6*2300)

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 630

WRITE (6*1940)

READ (5*1530) ICHECK

IF ( ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 610

GO TO 630

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 610

VaU lU ^0

630 GO TO (640*670*730)* PRODD

C

C INPUT BETAD FOR

C PROPORTIONAL TO

C

€40 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2410)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2310)

READ (5*4* ERR =660 ) BETAD

DETECTABLE PRODUCT GENERATION RATE

ENERGY RELEASE.

650

660

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,241

WRITE (6,*) BETAD

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT ( IF (NCND.EQ .0) BETAD=0. 0

IF ( NCND.EQ .0) PRODDssl

GO TO 740

IF (LINTER) WRITE ( 6,244

IF (LINTER) GO TO 640

GO TO 40

( BETAD * 0

)

C INPUT THE VALUE OF TAUPRD AND PRD AT THE END OF EACH DIGITAL

C DATA SEGMENT. NSEGPD.

C

670 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

IF (L INTER) WRITE (6,2340)

READ (5,4 ,ERR=680

)

PRDO

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2410)

WRITE (6,4) PRDO

IF (L INTER) CALL I NPUT ( PRDO , 0

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2410)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2350)

GO TO 650

€eo IF (LINTER) WRITE (6*2440

)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 670

GO TO 40

69 0 N= 1 700 READ (5*4, ERR=7 1 0

END=720) TAUPRD(N) ,PRD( N)

N= N+l

GO TO 700

71 0 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 7 00

GO TO 40

720 NSEGPD=N-1

ITYPE-3

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6*1710) (N.TAUPRD(N) *N* PRD ( N ) » N=1 , NSEGPD

)

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT2 ( TAUPRD, PRD, ITYPE

)

GO TO 740

89
MAIN PROGRAM

C

C DETECTABLE PRODUCT GENERATION RATE GIVEN BY ANALYTIC FUNCTION

C

730 WRITE (6,1 660 ) IF (LINTER) GO TO 600

STOP 3

C

C THIS SECTION INPUTS DATA FOR HAZARDOUS PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.

C

740 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2330)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2400)

750 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2280)

READ (5,1550, ERR-7 60 ) PROOH

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2410)

IF (PRCDH.EQ.l) WRITE (6,2290)

IF (PR0DH.EQ.2) WRITE (6.2300)

IF ( .NOT. (LINTER) ) GO TO 770

WRITE (6.1940)

READ (5,1530) ICHECK

IF ( ICHECK. EQ. NO) GO TO 750

GO TO 770

760 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 750

GO TO 40

77 0 GO TO (780. 800,860), PRODH

V-C INPUT 1BETAH FOR HAZARDOUS PRODUCT

c PROPORTIONAL TO ENERGY RELEA SE.

V.780 IF (L INTER) WRITE (6.2410)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2320)

READ (5,*,ERR=790) BETAH

IP (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6,4) BETAH

IF (LINTER) CALL I NPUT ( BETAH

GO TO 870

75 0 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 780

GO TO 40

GENERATION RATE

C INPUT THE VALUE OF TAUPRH AND PRH AT THE

C DATA SEGMENT, NSEGPH.

C

eoo IF (L INTER) WRITE (6,2410)

IP (LINTER) WRITE (6,2360)

READ (5,4 , ERR = 8 1 0

)

PR HO

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6,4) PR HO

IF (LINTER) CALL I NPUT (PRHO.O)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2370)

GO TO 820

81 0 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 800

GO TO 40

820 N = 1 83 0 READ (5, 4,ERR=840, END=850) TAUPRH(N)

END OF EACH DIGITAL

, PRH ( N)

90
MAIN PROGRAM

N = N+

1

GO TO 830

840 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2440)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 830

GO TO 40

eso NSEGPHssN— 1 IT YPE =4

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2410)

WRITE (6,1720) (N , TAUPRH( N )

,

N , PRH( N ) , N=1 , NSEGPH)

IF (LINTER) CALL INPUT2 ( TAUPRH , PRH, ITYPE)

GO TO 870

C HAZARDOUS PROOUCT GENERATION RATE ANALYTIC FUNCTION

C

eeo

870

eeo

89 0

50 0

91 0

92 0

93 0

940

950

WRITE ( 6 • 1 660

)

IF (LINTER) GO TO 740

STOP 4

IF (LINTER)

IF (LINTER)

WRITE (6,2390)

READ (5,1530) CHARTR

IF ( ( WRC.EQ.2) .0R.(WRC.EQ.4) ) GO TO 1050

WRITE (6.1560) TITLE

IF (FIRE.EQ.2) GO TO 880

WRITE (6,1580) TAULIM.QO

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

CALL EXFIRE

GO TO 930

WRITE (6,1610) TAULIM, QO .HCOMB

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

DO 890 N= 1 , NSEGQ

WRITE (6,1730) N , TA UQ ( N ) , N ,Q ( N

)

CONTINUE

IF (QO.GT.O.O) GO TO 910

DO 900 N=1 , NSEGQ

IF (Q(N) .GT.O.O) Q0=Q(N)/100.0

IF (QO.GT.O.O) GO TO 910

CONTINUE

Q0=Q0*HC0MB

DO 920 N=l, NSEGQ

Q(N)=Q(N)*HCOM8/QO

DQDT0=(Q(1 )-l . )/TAUQ( 1

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

WRITE (6,1740) AL AMR , ALAMC , DELTA , DELTA

M

IF (NCND.EQ.O .0) PRD0=0.0

IF (NCND.EQ.0.0) DPRDTO-O.O

IF (NCND.EQ.O) GO TO 990

IF (PR0DD.EQ.2) GO TO 940

WRITE (6,1620) BETAD

PRD0=BETAD*Q0

DPRDT 0 = DQDT0

GO TO 990

WRITE (6,1670) PRDO

DO 950 N= 1 , NSEGPD

WRITE (6,1710) N,TAUPRD(N) ,N,PRD(N)

CONTINUE

IF (PRDO. GT.O.O) GO TO 970
MAIN PROGRAM

960

970

980

99 0

1000

1010

1020

1030

1040

1050

1060

1070

1080

1090

1100

1110

DO 960 N=1,NSEGPD

IF ( PRD< N) .GT.0.0) PRDO =PRD( N ) / 1 00 •

0

IF (PRDO .GT. 0.0) GO TO 970

CONTINUE

DO 980 N= 1 * NSEGPD

PRD ( N)=PRD(N) /PRDO

DP ROT 0=(PRD(N )-l . ) /TAUPRD ( 1

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5.1530) CHARTR

IF (PR0DH.EQ.2) GO TO 1000

WRITE (6,1630) BETAH

PR DO = BET AH4QO

DPRHT 0 = QQDT0

GO TO 1230

WRITE (6,1680) PRH 0

DO 1010 N=1 , NSEGPH

WRITE (6,1720) N.TAUPRH(N) ,N,PRH(N)

CONTINUE

IF (PRHO.GT.O • 0 ) GO TO 1030

DO 1020 N=l, NSEGPH

IF (PRH( N) .GT.0.0) PRH0=PRH ( N ) / 1 0 0 .

0

IF (PRHO .GT.0.0) GO TO 1030

CONTINUE

DO 1040 N=l, NSEGPH

PRH(N)=PRH(N) /PRHO

DPRHT 0= ( PRH ( 1 )-l • ) /TAUPRH( 1

)

GO TO 1230

WRITE (6,1570) TITLE

IF (FIRE.EQ.2) GO TO 1060

WRITE (6,1590) TAULIM, QO

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

CALL EXFIRE

GO TO 1110

WRITE (6,1610) TAULIM, QO .HCOMB

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

DO 1070 N— 1 , NSEGQ

WRITE (6.1730) N,TAUQ(N) ,N,Q(N)

CONTINUE

IF ( QO • GT .0.0) GO TO 1090

DO 1080 N=l, NSEGQ

IF ( Q(N) .GT.0.0) Q0=Q( N)/100.0

IF (QO. GT.0.0) GO TO 1090

CONTINUE

Q0=Q0 *HCOMB

DO 1100 N=l, NSEGQ

Q(N)=Q(N) 4HCGM3/Q0

DQDT0=(Q( 1 )-l • )/TAUQ( 1

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

WRITE (6,1750) ALAMR.ALAMC. DELTA, DELTAM

IF (NCND.EQ.O) PRDO=0.0

IF (NCND.EQ.O) DPRDT0=0.0

IF (NCND.EQ.O) GO TO 1170

IF (PRODD.EQ.2) GO TO 1120

WRITE (6,1640) BETAD

PR DO = BET AD4QO

92
MAIN PROGRAM

1120

1130

1140

11 50

1160

1170

11 80

1190

1200

1210

1220

1230

1240

1250

DPRDT 0=DQDT0

GO TO 1170

WRITE (6*1690) PROO

DO 1130 N=1 # NSEGPD

WRITE (6*1710) N * TAUPRD (N).N,PRD(N)

CONTINUE

IF (PRD0.GT.0.0) GO TO 1150

DO 1140 Nsl, NSEGPD

IF (PRD( N) .GT.0.0) PRD0=PRD ( N ) / 1 00 .

0

IF (PRD0.GT.0.0) GO TO 1150

CONTINUE

DO 1160 N= 1 * NSEGPD

PRD ( N ) sPRD( N ) /PR DO

DPRDT 0=(PRD(1 )-l. )/TAUPRD( 1

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5.1530) CHARTR

IF (PR0DH.EQ.2) GO TO 1180

WRITE (6.1650) BETAH

PRHO=BETAH*QO

DPRHT 0=0QDT0

GO TO 1230

WRITE (6.1700) PRHO

DO 1190 N=1 , NSEGPH

WRITE (6.1720) N. TA UPRH ( N ) ,N ,PRH( N)

CONTINUE

IF (PRHO.GT.O .0 ) GO TO 1210

DO 1200 N=l, NSEGPH

IF (PRH( N) .GT.0.0) PRH0=P RH( N ) / 1 00 •

0

IF (PRHO. GT.0.0 ) GO TO 1210

CONTINUE

DO 1220 N=l. NSEGPH

PRH(N)=PRH(N) /PRHO

DPRHT 0=(PRH( 1 )— 1 • ) /TAUPRH( 1

)

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6.2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

IF (NCND.EQ.O) GO TO 1240

NDET =NCND

FLA G=

1

GO TO 1260

IF (NTMD.EQ.O) GO TO 1250

NDET=NTMD

FLAG=2

GO TO 1260

IF (NRRD.EQ.O) GO TO 1500

NDET=NRRD

FLAG=3

C

C GO THROUGH NDET VALUES OF SPECIFIC UPPER LAYER DETECTION METHOD

C UNDER CONSIDERATION.

C

1260 DO 1490 1=1, NDET

C

C GO THROUGH NTMHU VALUES OF MINIMUM TEMPERATURES WHICH MAKE UPPER LAYER

C HAZARDOUS DUE TO RADIATION EVEN WHEN INTERFACE IS ABOVE ZEYEF.

C

DO 1480 Jal, NTMHU

C

C GO THROUGH NTMHL VALUES OF MINIMUM TEMPERATURES WHICH MAKE UPPER

93
MAIN PROGRAM

C LAYER HAZARDOUS DUE TO DIRECT BURNS OR INHALING OF HOT GASES (I.E.,

C WHEN INTERFACE IS BELOW ZEYEF )

•

C

DO 1470 N=1 » NTMHL

C

C GC THROUGH NCNH VALUES OF PRODUCT CONCENTRATIONS WHICH MAKE UPPER

C LAYER HAZARDOUS WHEN INTERFACE IS BELOW ZEYEF

•

C

DO 1460 L~1 • NCNH

C

C PRINT CRITERIA FOR DETECTION AND HAZARD.

1270

2

3

1280

2

3

1290

2

3

1300

1310

2

3

1320

2

3

1330

2

3

IF ( (WRC.EQ.2) .OR. ( WRC.EQ.4) ) GO TO 1300

GO TO (1270.1280.1290), FLAG

WRITE (6,1560) TITLE

WRITE (6,1760) CNDS( I ) .ZEYEF, ZEYEM, TMHSUFt J )

.

TMHSUC( J) . ZEYEF, ZEYEM,TMHSLF( N) , TMHSLC( N ) , CNHS(L)

GO TO 1340

WRITE (6.1560) TITLE

WRITE (6.1780) TMDSPF ( I ) , TMDSPC ( I ) . ZE YEF. ZEYEM

, TMHSUF ( J ) , TMHSUC ( J) .ZEYEF . ZEYEM, TMHSLF (N )

,

TMHSLC(N) « CNHS ( L)

GO TO 1340

WRITE (6,1560) TITLE

WRITE (6,1800) RRDSPF ( I ) , RRDSPC ( I ) , ZEYEF, ZEYEM

, TMHSUF ( J ) , TMHSUC ( J) , ZEYEF, ZEYEM, TMHSLF ( N )

,

TMHSLC(N) ,CNHS(L>

GO TO 1340

GO TO (1310,1320,1330), FLAG

WRITE (6,1570) TITLE

WRITE (6.1770) CNDS( I ), ZEYEF, ZEYEM, TMHSUF( J )

,

TMHSUC ( J) , ZEYEF .ZEYEM , TMHSLF ( N) , T MHSLC ( N ) , CNHS ( L

)

GO TO 1340

WRITE (6,1570) TITLE

WRITE (6,1790) TMDSPF ( I ), TMDSPC ( I ), ZEYEF, ZEYEM

• TMHSUF ( J) ,TMHSUC( J) . ZEYEF , ZEYEM , TMHSLF ( N )

,

TMHSLC(N) ,CNHS( L)

GO TO 1340

WRITE (6,1570) TITLE

WRITE (6,1810) RRDSPF ( I ), RRDSPC( I ), ZEYEF, ZEYEM

, TMHSUF ( J) , TMHSUC ( J ) , ZEYEF , ZEYEM , TMHSLF ( N >

,

TMHSLC ( N ) ,CNHS(L)

C

C GO THROUGH NH VALUES OF COMPARTMENT HEIGHTS.

C

1340 IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,2390)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,1530) CHARTR

DO 1450 K=1,NH

IF ( ( WRC .EQ. 1 ) .OR. ( WRC .EQ.3 )

)

WRITE (6.1820) HF (K) ,HM(K)

IF ( (LINTER) .AND. (WRC. EQ. 1 )

)

WRITE (6.2390)

IF ( (LINTER) .AND. (WRC. EQ. 1 )

)

READ (5,1530) CHARTR

IF ( WRC .EQ . 1 ) WRITE (6,1560) TITLE

IF ( (WRC.EQ.l ) .A ND . ( LNORM ) )

94
MAIN PROGRAM

2 WRITE (6,1840)

IF ( ( WRC.EQ.l ) .AND. ( .NOT. (LNORM ) )

)

2 WRITE (6.1850)

C

C SET DIMENSIONLESS INITIAL VALUES AND HAZARD CRITERIA PARAMETERS

C FOR FILLING PROBLEM,

C

1350

GO TO (1350,1360,1370), FLAG

CNDSP—CNDS( I

)

GO TO 1380

1360 PHI DSP-(TMDSPF ( I )+460. )/530.

GO TO 1380

1370

1380

DP HI DS=( RRD SPF ( I )/31 80 0.0)

ZETEYE-ZEYEF

ZETO=HF(K)~DELTA

PHI HSU— (TMHSUF(J)+460. )/53 0.

PHIHSL~(T MHSLF ( N ) +46 0 . )/530.

CNHAZS=CNHS (L)

IDETH=1

IDETT = 1 IDETR=1

LIMIT = 0

C

C GO THROUGH ALL INPUT

C

COMPARTMENT AREAS.

DO 1440 M = 1 * NS

IF ( < WRC.EQ.2).0R.(WRC.EQ.4)

)

2 WRITE (6,1820) HF(K),HM(K)

IF < ( WRC.EQ .2) . OR. ( WRC.EQ.3 ) .OR.

2

3

( WRC.EQ.4)

)

WRITE (6,1830) SFCM).SM(M)

IF ( ( • NOT • ( L I NTER ) ).0R,( WRC.EQ.l))

2 GO TO 1390

WRITE (6,2390)

READ (5.1530) CHARTR

1390 Cl“( 1 .-ALAMO 40. 10 70*Q0/SF(M)

C2=0 • 2 1 04 ( (32./ ( . 07354. 244530.4 1 . 054

2

3

4

) ) 4 4 ( i ./3. )

)

( ( ( 1 «— AL AMR ) 4Q0) 4( 1 . /3 . ) )/SF( M)

C3D=0. 02943 4PRD0/SF(M)

C3H=0. 02943 4PRH0/SF ( M

)

GO TO (1400,1410,1420), FLAG

1400 IDETH=0

GO TO 1430

1410 IDETT=0

GO TO 1430

1420

1430

IDETR=0

ASF=SF(M)

ASM=SM( M)

AHF =HF ( K

)

C

C CALL SUBROUTINE A I NT TO

C INTEGRATE EON. FOR INTERFACE POSITION AND COMPUTE TIMES AND PARAC METERS FOR DETECTION AND HAZARD. PRINT RESULTS AND GO ON TO THE

C NEXT ROOM AREA,

C

CALL AINT< IDETH , I DETT , I DETR » PHI HSU

95
MAIN PROGRAM

2 PHIHSL,CNHAZS, PHIDSP.

3 CNDSP, ZETEYE , DP HI DS » ASF,

4 ASM, AHF,WRC, TITLE)

C

C IF DIGITAL DATA IS BEING USED AND IF THE UPPER LIMIT OF THAT DATA

C HAS BEEN REACHED (LIMIT=1), BYPASS THE REMAINING COMPARTMENT

C AREAS FOR HEIGHT M AND GO TO THE NEXT COMPARTMENT HEIGHT

C

1440

1450

1460

1470

1480

1490

1500

IF (LIMIT.EQ.l) GO TO 1450

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

CONTINUE

GO TO (1240,1250,1500), FLAG

WRITE (6,2420)

STOP 5

C

c1510 FORMAT (

' INSTRUCTIONS'/* TO ENTER DATA 5 TYPE IN REQUESTED VALUE OR

2 VALUES (MULTIPLE VALUES'/' SEPARATED BY A COMMA OR BLANK), THEN P

3RESS CARRIAGE RETURN.')

1520 FORMAT (20A4)

1530 FORMAT ( A 1

)

1540 FORMAT ( 5X , 'LAM DA R = ' ,F5. 3/5X ,

• LA MDA C = »,F5.3/

25X, 'EYELEVEL HEIGHT = *,F7.3/5X, 'FIRE HEIGHT = • F7 . 3

)

1550 FORMAT (II)

1560 FORMAT ( 1 HI , 2 OX , 20 A 4/

)

1570 FO RM AT ( 1 H 1 ,20 A4/

)

1580 FORMAT (IH0,4X,'THE INTEGRATIONS WILL NOT BE CARRIED OUT BEYOND »,

2F5 .0 ,' SECONDS FOLLOWING I GN IT I ON • //4X , • THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE

3 TIME HISTORY OF THE MULTI-EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVES *//5X,

4 »Q(TIME=0*0 ) =00= »,F8.2,' KW •//)

1590 FORMAT ( 1H0, 'THE INTEGRATIONS WILL NOT BE CARRIED OUT BEYOND *,F5.0

2,' SECONDS'/' FOLLOWING IGNITION.'/' THE TIME HISTORY OF THE MJLTI

3-EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVES '/4X, *Q(TI ME=0 • 0 ) =Q0= ' , F8 • 2 ' KW»)

1600 FORMAT ( 1 HO .

' ADD AN ANALYTIC FIRE GROWTH FUNCTION')

1610 FORMAT ( 1 HO , 3X ,

• THE INTEGRATIONS WILL NOT BE CARRIED OUT BEYOND ',

2F5.0, 'SECONDS'/' FOLLOWING I GN I T I ON . • //3X , • THE FOLLOWING DATA CHAR

3ACTERIZE THE HISTORY OF THE FIRES'//

45X ' Q(TIME=0. 0 ) = QO = • ,F 8.2,' KW ' //

55X , • HCO MB = • , E 1 2 . 4//

)

1620 FORMAT (

• OTHE DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENERATION RATE IS P

2 RO PORT IONAL TO ENERGY GENERATION RATE ACCORDING TO S • //2 0 X ,

' R ATE OF

3 PRODUCT GENERATION = ('.E12.4,' UNTS PER SECOND PER KW ) *RATE OF E

4NERGY GENERATION')

1630 FORMAT (

* OTHE HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENERATION RATE IS PR

20P0RT IONAL TO ENERGY GENERATION RATE ACCORDING TO S

• //20 X

,

• RATE OF

3PR0DUCT GENERATION = ('.E12.4,' UNTS PER SECOND PER K W )

RATE OF EN

4ERGY GENERATION')

1640 FORMAT (

OTHE DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENERATION RATE IS p

2 RO PORT I ON AL TO'/' ENERGY GENERATION RATE ACCORDING TOS'/' RATE OF

3PR0DUCT GENERATION = (',E12.4,' UN T S /S EC/ KW ) WENERGY GENERATION RAT

4E ' ) 1650 FORMAT( ' OTHE HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENERATION RATE IS PR

20PORT I ONAL TO'/' ENERGY GENERATION RATE ACCORDING TOS'/' RATE OF P

3R0DUCT GENERATION = (',E12.4,' UNTS/SEC/K W ) *ENERGY GENERATION RATE

96
MAIN PROGRAM

4 ' ) 1660 FORMAT <1H0.» AOD AN ANALYTIC PRODUCT GENERATION')

1670 FORMAT (1H0.3X.»THE FOLLOWING DATA CHARACTERIZE THE HISTORY OF*

2* THE DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENERATION RATES'//

35X * • P ( T I ME=0 • 0 ) = P0= '.E10.4. • UNITS PER SECOND '//)

1680 FORMAT C1H0.3X,'THE FOLLOWING DATA CHARACTERIZE THE HISTORY OF*

2 » THE HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENERATION RATES'//

35X *

' PCTIME=0 .0)=P0=' .E10.4, • UNITS PER SECOND •//)

1690 FORMAT! '0 THE HISTORY OF THE DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENE

2RATI0N RATES ' //5X • • PC TI ME=0 • 0 ) =P0 = • • El 0 . 4 • ' UNITS PER SECOND'//)

1700 FORMAT (

• 0 THE HISTORY OF THE HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION GENER

2 AT ION RATES'//5X,' P ( TI ME=0 • 0 ) =P0= « • E 1 0 • 4

, • UNITS PER SECOND'//)

1710 F0RMATC1H * • T AUPRDC • * I 3* ' ) = • .F6. 0 .5X . »PRD( • . 13 ,

» ) = ».E12.4)

1720 FORMAT ( 1 H • • TAUPRHC • , 13 * • ) = ' * F6 • 0 « 5X . »PRH( • »I3« ' ) = '.E12.4)

1730 FORMAT (1H « ' TAUQC '13-*' ) = • • F6 . 0 . 5 X ,

' Q< ' , 1 3 . • ) = '.E12.4)

1740 FORMAT C1H0.1X.' FRACTION OF FIRE ENERGY WHICH IS LOST TO WALLS AND

2 FLOOR BY RADIATION AND WHICH IS NOT EFFECTIVE IN DRIVING PLUME = 3'. F5. 3, /2X. 'FRACTION OF FIRE ENERGY LOST TO ALL SURFACES = • 4.F5.3/

51H0,'THE FIRE IS LOCATED '.F7.3.' FEET ( '.F7.3*' METERS) ABOVE TH

6E FLOOR. •)

1750 FORMATC 1H0.1X* 'FRACTION OF FIRE ENERGY WHICH IS LOST TO WALLS AND

2FL00R BY RADIATION'/' AND WHICH IS NOT EFFECTIVE IN DRIVING PLUME

3= • .F5.3/2X, 'FRACTION OF FIRE ENERGY LOST TO ALL SURFACES = '.F5.3

4/1 HO. 'THE FIRE IS LOCATED ».F7.3.» FEET C '.F7.3. ' METERS) ABOVE T

5 HE FLOOR.')

1760 FORMATC 1H0.' FIRE DETECTED WHEN DETECTABLE UPPER LAYER PRODUCT CON

2CENTR AT ION EXCEEDS '. E 1 0 . 4. • UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT MASS OF BUL< UP

3PER LAYER GAS.'/

4 2X .• IF LAYER INTERFACE IS HIGHER THAN '.F 6.2.' FT C.F6.2,' M) FR

50M FLOOR THEN • /2X • • HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEM

6PERATURE EXCEEDS »tF6.1.*DEG F C.F6.1.' DEGC).'/2X,» IF LAYER INT

7ER FACE IS AT OR BELOW '.F6.2.' FT C.F6.2.' M) FROM FLOOR THEN »/2

8X* • HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS

9 » » F6 • 1 .

• DEG F C.F6.1.' DEG C)'/2X,'0R UPPER LAYER PRODUCT CONCEN

TRATION EXCEEDS* ,E10. 4. • UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT MASS OF BULK U°PER

1 LAYER GAS.'///)

1770 FORMATC 1H0.» FIRE DETECTED WHEN DETECTABLE UPPER LAYER PRODUCT CON

2CENTR AT ION EX CEEDS ' /5X , El 0 • 4 .

» UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT MASS OF BULK

3 UPPER LAYER GAS. •

/

42X * • IF LAYER INTERFACE IS HIGHER THAN '.F6.2.' FT C.F6.2.' M) FR

50M FLOOR THEN '/2X.» HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEM

6PERATURE EXCEEDS »*F6.1.» DEG F •

» /63X •

' (

' . F6. 1

•

' DEGC)'/2X.' IF LA

7YER INTERFACE IS AT OR BELOW ».F6.2, ' FT C'.F6.2. ' M) FROM FLOOR T

8 HEN ' /2X .

• HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE E

9 X CEEDS 'iF6.li' DEG F. • /63X .

• C' . F6 • 1

• • DEG C)'/2X.'0R UPPER LAYER

PRODUCT CONCENTRATION EXCEEDS * / 1 OX . E 9. 4. • UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT M

IASS OF BULK UPPER LAYER GAS.')

1780 FORMAT C 1 HO . 1 X

,

» F I RE DETECTED WHEN UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE IS *.F6

2.1.' DEG F C.F6.1.' DEG C).'/

32X .

' IF LAYER INTERFACE IS HIGHER THAN ».F6.2.» FT C.F6.2.' M) FR

40M FLOOR THEN ' /2X .

• HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEM

5PERATURE EXCEEDS '.F6.1.'DEG F C.F6.1.' DEGC).*/2X,» IF LAYER INT

6ERFACE IS AT OR BELOW '.F6.2.' FT C.F6.2.' M) FROM FLOOR THEN »/2

7X. • HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS

8 » • F6 • 1 •• DEG F (•F6.lt* DEG C)'/2X,'0R UPPER LAYER PRODUCT CONCEN

9TRATI0N EXCEEDS* *E9. 4. • UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT MASS OF BULK UPPER

LAYER GAS.'///)

97
MAIN PROGRAM

1790 FORMAT ( 1 HO, 1 X ,• FI RE DETECTED WHEN UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE IS »,F6

2.1*' DEG F'/62X,' < • »F6 • 1 *

* DEG C).'/

32X *

• IF LAYER INTERFACE IS HIGHER THAN '.F6.2*» FT (',F6.2*' M) FR

40M FLOOR THEN '/2X,» HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEM

5PERATURE EXCEEDS • *F6. 1 .

• DEG F. • /63X *

' <' *F6 . 1

.

• DEGC)'/2X,' IF LA

6 YER INTERFACE IS AT OR BELOW »,F6.2*» FT C.F6.2.' M) FROM FLOOR T

7 HEN ' /2X *

HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE E

8XCEEDS • • F6 • 1

»

' DEG F. • /63X •

•

(

• *F6. 1 •

• DEG C)'/2X,'OR UPPER LAYER

9PRODUCT CONCENTRATION EXCEEDS '/ 1 OX . E9. 4 .

•

UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT M

ASS OF BULK UPPER LAYER GAS.')

1800 FORMAT ( 1 HO , 1 X

.

• F

I

RE DETECTED WHEN RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPP

2ER LAYER IS '.F6.2*' DEG F/MIN <»,F6.2*' DEG C/MIN).'/

3 2 X *

1 IF LAYER INTERFACE IS HIGHER THAN •F6.2, 1 FT (',F6.2*» M) FR

ACM FLOOR. THEN »/2X,' HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEM

5PERATURE EXCEEDS *.F6.1*'DEG F ('.F6.1*' DEGC).'/2X,' IF LAYER INT

6ERFACE IS AT OR BELOW »*F6.2,» FT ('.F6.2.' M) FROM FLOOR THEN */2

7X *

* HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS

8* » F6 • 1 *

1 DEG F !',F6.1*' DEG C )

• /2X * ' OR UPPER LAYER PRODUCT CONCEN

9TRATION EXCEEDS' *E9. 4*

•

UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT MASS OF BULK UPPER

LAYER GAS.'///)

1810 FORMAT ( 1H0 . 1 X •' F

I

RE DETECTED WHEN RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPP

2ER LAYER IS '.F6.2,' DEG F/MIN (',F6.2*' DEG C/MIN).'/

32X »IF LAYER INTERFACE IS HIGHER THAN '*F6.2*' FT <».F6.2,' M) FR

40M FLOOR THEN • /2X

* HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEM

5PERATURE EXCEEDS •F6.lt* DEG F. • /63X •

• ( *F6. 1

•

' DEGC)'/2X.' IF LA

6 YER INTERFACE IS AT OR BELOW ',F6.2*» FT C.F6.2.' M) FROM FLOOR T

7 HEN ' /2X

* HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS EXIST IF UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE E

8XCEEDS • • F6. 1 •

• DEG F . • /63X ,

» (

' ,F6. 1 .

' DEG C)'/2X,'0R UPPER LAYER

9PR0DUCT CONCENTRATION EXCEEDS '/10X*E9.4*' UNITS OF MASS PER UNIT M

ASS OF BULK UPPER LAYER GAS.')

1820 FORMAT ( 1 H ///1H . 1 9H HEIGHT OF ROOM IS .F6.2 . 5H FT (,F6.2

25H M

)

• / ) 1830 FORMAT < ' AREA OF ROOM IS »*F8.2*» FT4^2 ( ».F8.2.' M442)')

1840 FORMAT! 1H0.31X. 'LAYER RATE OF ». 1 4X *• DETECT ABLE ', 1 9X ,« I NTERF ACE

2 » 1 3X* ' HAZARDOUS * /4X* 'AREA TIME TEMP. THICKNESS RISE*.

36X * ' Q/QO CONCEN. TIME TEMP. ELEVATION Q/Q0».5X,'

4C0NCEN. AVAILABLE '/14X* 'AT' t7X,'AT».8X*'AT'.9X, » AT' . 8X. • AT* *SX . •

A

5T* * 8X, 'AT' *7X ,

• AT' , 8X * 'AT* *9X. • AT* *9X. * AT' *6X , 'EGRESS • /I OX, • DETECT

6 1 0 N DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION HAZARD

7HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD TI ME ' //3X * ' FT 2* *6X» 'S

8EC DEG F» ,6X, • FT' . 6X. 'DEGF/M* *28X, 'SEC DEG F ' , 6X , • FT • , 3 OX

,

9 'SEC* /3X, ' (M442 ) • • 12X* » (DEG C) (M) ( DEGC/ M

)

• , 33 X ,

• ( DEG C)

<M)'///>

1850 FORMAT( 1H0.31X. 'LAYER RATE OF 1 4X *• DETECT ABLE '. 1 9 X *• I NTERF ACE

•

2 « 1 3X* ' HAZARDOUS ' /4X • 'AREA TIME TEMP. THICKNESS RISE'*

36X *

Q CONCEN. TIME TEMP. ELEVATION Q ' 5X ,

•

4C0NCEN . AVAILABLE * /14X, »AT'.7X,'AT» ,8X.'AT',9X.'AT'.8X, • AT' * 9X 'A

5T* ,8X. »AT'.7X, 'AT* *8X, 'AT'.9X, 'AT',9X, 'AT* 6X *• EGRESS •/ l OX *• DETECT

6 1 ON DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION HAZARD

7HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD T I ME ' //3X , • FT * 2 ' . 6 X • »

S

8EC DEG F' , 6X. » FT' *6X . 'DEGF/M' ,7X ,' KW* . 19X ,» SEC DEG F'*6X,«

9FT • . 10X, • KW' * 1 8X* • SEC* /3X, • (M^42 ) • . 1 2X *• ( DEG C) (M> (DEGC/

M) • ,33X.» (DEG C) ( M

)

' ///

)

1860 FORMA T

(

WILL DATA BE ENTERED INTERACTIVELY (Y/N) ?•)

1870 FORMAT (

' PROGRAM WILL BE EXECUTED IN INTERACTIVE MODE.')

1880 FORMAT!

•

ENTER A RUN TITLE. UP TO 80 CHARACTERS LONG.*)

1890 FORMAT! • ENTER CODE NUMBER OF THE DESIRED FORM OF OUTPUT S ' /3X

«

2 'TYPE 1 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT, 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE*/

98
MAIN PROGRAM

3 8X * • 2 FOR SUMMARY OUTPUT* 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE*/

4 8X * • 3 FOR FULL OUTPUT* 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE'/

5 8X* * 4 FOR FULL OUTPUT* 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE')

1S00 FORMAT (

• SUMMARY OUTPUT* 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE HAS BEEN SELECTED

2 .' ) 1910 FORMAT (• SUMMARY OUTPUT* 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE HAS BEEN SELECTED.

2 * ) 1920 FORMAT (

• FULL OUTPUT* 132 CHARACTERS PER LINE HAS BEEN SELECTED.')

1930 FORMAT (• FULL OUTPUT* 80 CHARACTERS PER LINE HAS BEEN SELECTED.')

1940 FORMAT (/lOX.'IS THIS CORRECT (Y/N) ?•)

1950 FORMAT (• ENTER! 1. LAMDA R*'/8X*'2. LAMDA C.'/8X,'3. EYELEVEL HEIG

2HT. IN FEET* AND'/8X,'4. FIRE HEIGHT. IN FEET.'/

3' DO YOU NEED MORE INFORMATION (Y/N) ?»)

1960 FORMAT (

• 0 444 LAMDA R - THE FRACTION OF THE ENERGY GENERATION RATE

2 INSTANTANEOUSLY 444'/' *4* • . 1 IX * 'LOST BY RADIATION FROM THE COMB

3USTI0N ZONE AND PLUME 6X .'***'/ ' *44 LAMDA C - THE FRACTION OF

4THE ENERGY GENERATION RATE LOST TO THE ***«/• 444* , 1 1 X. » BOUND

5ING SURFACES OF THE ROOM AND ITS CONTENTS .'. 1 2X *• *44 •

/

6' 444 EYELEVEL HEIGHT - THE SPECIFIED CHARACTERISTIC HEIGHT. IN F

7EET* OF 444'/' 444* , 19X. 'EYELEVEL FROM THE FLOOR. » 2 7X , »444 »

/

8 » 44* FIRE HEIGHT - THE HEIGHT. IN FEET. OF THE BASE OF THE FIRE

9 ABOVE ***•/• 4*4' *15X* 'THE FLOOR. • .45X. *444'

)

1970 FORMAT (

• »ENTER THE REQUESTED VALUES. «')

1980 FORMATC DATA WILL BE ENTERED IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER! •/• I. DETE

2TI0N CRITERIA IV. FIRE DATA'/' II. HAZARD CRITERIA V

3. PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION DATA'/' III. ROOM SIZES')

1990 FORMAT ( 26X. ' I • DETECTI ON CR I TERI A •

)

2000 FORMAT (

' ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE. IN DEGREES F (DETECTION)

2'/' TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC! SEOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY RA

3TE OF RISE. '

)

2010 FORMAT (

• ENTER A RATE OF LAYER TEMPERATURE RISE. IN DEGREES F/MIN

2 (DETECT ION ).' /7X, • 444( TYPE 0.0 FOR INSTANTANEOUS DETECTI ON .) 444 »/

3 TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC! ©EOF) TO MOVE TO DETECTION BY CONCEN

4TRATI ON •

•

)

2020 FORMAT (3X.'444I NST ANTANEOUS DETECT IGN444' ) 2030 FORMAT (

* ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUST I ON ,'/ • IN P

2R0DUCT UNITS/GRAM OF BULK GAS ( DETECTI ON ).'/ » TYPE AN END OF FILE

3 (UNIVAC! ©EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD CRITERIA DATA INPUT.')

2040 FORMAT (26X.*II« HAZARD CRITERIA')

2050 FORMAT (

' ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE. IN DEGREES F'/* (INTE

2RFACE ABOVE SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD).'/' TYPE AN END OF FILE

3 (UNIVAC! ©EOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD'/' BY LAYER TEMPERATURE. WHEN INT

4ERFACE BELOW EYELEVEL.')

2060 FORMATC ENTER A SMOKE LAYER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES F'/» (INTE

2 RF ACE BELOW SPECIFIED EYELEVEL) (HAZARD).'/' TYPE AN END OF FILE

3( UNI VAC ! SEOF) TO MOVE TO HAZARD BY POC CONCENTRATION.')

2070 FORMAT (

• ENTER A CONCENTRATION OF A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION,'/' IN P

2R0DUCT UNITS/GRAM OF BULK GAS (HAZARD).'/' TYPE AN END OF FILE (U

3 N I VAC ! SEOF) TO MOVE TO ROOM SIZE DATA INPUT.')

2080 FORMAT( 26X. » I I I . ROOM SIZE DATA')

2090 FORMAT (

' ENTER A COMPARTMENT CEILING HEIGHT, IN FEET.'/' TYPE AN

2END OF FILE (UNIVAC! SEOF) TO MOVE TO COMPARTMENT AREA INPUT.'

)

2100 FORMAT (

' ENTER A COMPARTMENT FLOOR AREA, IN SQUARE FEET.'/' TYPE

2AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC! SEOF) TO MOVE TO FIRE DATA INPUT.')

2110 FORMAT ( 29 X. • I V • FIRE DATA')

2120 FORMATC SELECT THE REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF FIRE ENERGY GENERATION

2RATE • ' / 4X

,

3 ' TYPE 1 FOR AN EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVE.'/

99
MAIN PROGRAM

4 9X » 2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.*)

2130 FO R MA T

!

• AN EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVE HAS BEEN SELECTED.')

2140 FORMAT (* DIGITAL DATA INPUT HAS BEEN SELECTED.*)

f- ukMAT (

* GENERAL FORM! Q = Q1 * EX P( ALPHA ( T-T 1 ))• /

2* ENTER THE MAXIMUM TIME, IN SECONDS. FOR WHICH THE FIRE WILL BE M

30DELED . •

)

2160 F 0 RM AT (

* ENTER! 1. THE ENERGY GENERATION RATE (Ql). IN KILOWATTS.

2 • /I 1 X , • AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH TIME SEGMENT. AND*/

38X .

* 2 • THE ENERGY GENERATION RATE EXPONENTIAL FACTOR ( ALPHA) ,

• / 1 1

X

4 .' I N UNITS OF 1/SECOND, FOR THAT TIME SEGMENT.*//

5* ENTER ONE PAIR FOR EACH TIME SEGMENT IN THE CURVE.'/' ENTER THEM

£ 3NI AT A TIME.*/' WHEN ALL HAVE BEEN ENTERED, TYPE AN END OF FILE

7 (UNIVAC! 3)EOF ) • * ) 2170 FORMAT (5X, 13,* ) Q = *.F8.2,' EXP< • ,F7. 4

,

• < T-Tl ) )

• /

)

2180 FO RM AT (• DO YOU WANT FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE DATA'/' PRESEN

2TED IN NORMALIZED FORM, Q(T)/Q(1) (Y/N) ?•)

2190 FORMAT (' THE FIRE DATA OUTPUT WILL BE NORMALIZED.')

2200 FORMAT < • THE FIRE DATA OUTPUT WILL NOT BE NORMALIZED.')

2210 FORMAT! ' ENTER! 1. THE MAXIMUM TIMS. IN SECONDS. FOR WHICH THE FIR

2E WILL BE MODELED . '/I IX, *AND'/8X. ' 2. THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION, IN KJ

3/KG. *

)

2220 FORMAT! 5X, • MAXIMUM TIME = * , F5 • 0 /5X ,• HE AT OF COMBUSTION = ',

2F1 2.4 ) 2230 FORMAT (» ENTER THE INITIAL ENERGY GENERATION RATE.')

2240 FORMAT! 5X, • QO = »,F8.2)

2250 FORMAT! • ENTER THE REST OF THE DIGITAL DATA POINTS ONE AT A TIME.

2'/* EACH DATA POINT SHOULD CONSIST OF A TIME, IN SECONDS, •/• AND A

3 CORRESPONDING ENERGY GENERATION RATE.*/* WHEN ALL HAVE BEEN ENTER

4ED « TYPE AN ENO OF FILE (UNIVAC! S)EOF).*)

2260 FORMAT! • DO YOU WANT FIRE ENERGY GENERATION RATE DATA'/* PRESEN

2TED IN NORMALIZED FORM, Q(T)/Q0 !Y/N) ?•)

2270 FORMAT! 20X, *V. 1. DETECTABLE PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA')

2280 FORMAT! » SELECT THE REPRESENTA TI VE FORM OF PRODUCT GENERATION RATE

2. • /5X,

3 • TYPE 1 FOR A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF PROP ORT I ONAL I T Y ! BETA ) .

•

/

4 1 0 X , *2 FOR DIGITAL DATA INPUT.*)

2290 FORMAT!' A METHOD USING A CONSTANT OF P RO PORT I ON AL I T Y HAS BEEN SEL

2ECTED . •

)

2300 FORMAT!' DIGITAL DATA INPUT HAS BEEN SELECTED.')

2310 FORMAT! • ENTER BETAD,*/' IN PRODUCT UNITS PER SEC PER KW OF FIRE E

2NERGY GENERATION RATE. ' /5X ,' PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAD * ENER

3 GY GENERATION RATE.*)

2320 FORMAT!' ENTER BETAH,*/' IN PRODUCT UNITS PER SEC PER KW OF FIRE E

2NERGY GENERATION R ATE. ' /5X ,» PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAH * ENER

3 GY GENERATION RATE.*)

2330 FORMAT !20X, *V.2. HAZARDOUS PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION DATA')

2340 FORMAT! • ENTER THE INITIAL DETECTABLE PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.')

2350 FORMAT!' ENTER THE REST OF THE DIGITAL DATA POINTS ONE AT A TIME.

2'/' EACH DATA POINT SHOULD CONSIST OF A TIME. IN SECONDS, AND'/' A

3 CORRESPONDING DETECTABLE PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.'/* WHEN ALL HAV

4E BEEN ENTERED, TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC! 3E0F ) .

•

)

2360 FORMAT!' ENTER THE INITIAL HAZARDOUS PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.')

2370 FORMAT!* ENTER THE REST OF THE DIGITAL DATA POINTS ONE AT A TIME.

2*/* EACH DATA POINT SHOULD CONSIST OF A TIME, IN SECONDS. AND'/* A

3 CORRESPONDING HAZARDOUS PRODUCT GENERATION RATE.*/' WHEN ALL HAVE

4 BEEN ENTERED, TYPE AN END OF FILE (UNIVAC! 8E0F).')

2380 FORMAT (4X, ' *** SINCE THERE WERE NO DETECTABLE C ONCENT RAT IONS SPECI

2FIED,  /4X,** ** DATA DESCRIBING THE GENERATION OF A DETECTABLE

100
MAIN PROGRAM

3 PRODUCT ***«/4X.»*** OF COMBUSTION WILL NOT BE REQU I RED. • . 2 3X

4 '***'

)

2390 FORMAT ( * 0 PRESS CARRIAGE RETURN TO CONTINUE.*)

24 00 FO RM AT (

* 0 ******** *******   ** ******   ** *** ************* ***** ** *

2 **************** •

)

2410 FORMATC * 0——

2 — • ) 2420 FORMAT <

* 0 ***> PROGRAM EXECUTION COMPLETED < •)

2430 FORMAT ( • ** * THIS PROGRAM WILL CALCULATE THE AVAILABLE SAFE EGRES

2 S TIME ***•/• *** FROM A ROOM • ' * 48X * •***•/• *** • . 63X, ' *** • /

3' *** DOCUMENTATION! NBSIR 82-2578 BY LEONARD Y. COOPER AND».9X,

4 • /> ** *• ,33X . 'DAVID W. STROUP 1 • 15X ,•***• ) 2440 FORMAT ( • ==== > INCORRECT INPUT - TRY AGAIN <==== •

)

2450 FO RM AT (

—==> INPUT ERROR - RUN TERMINATED <====• ) C

END

101
r>n

n

r>

on

SUBROUTINE EXFIRE

r this IS fgress*aset.exfire

c-********* * * * it* * **** * *** *** ** * ** ** * * * ** ** ********* ********** * * * * *******

C THIS SUBROUTINE USES THE APPROPRIATE INPUT DATA TO CHARACTERIZE

C THE MULTI-EXPONENTIAL FIRE GROWTH CURVE FOR USE

C IN F 'UN Q BY COMPUTING THE TAUQ(N) FROM THE AKAP(N) AND THE Q(N).

C THE SUBROUTINE ALSO PRINTS A DESCRIPTION OF THE ENERGY

C GENERATION RATE HISTORY.

r* ******** ***************** ************************************* *******

C

SUBROUTINE EXFIRE ******************************************************************

COMMON NSEGQ. NSEGPD * NSEGPH , TA UQ ( 100 ) »TAUPRD( 1 00 ) , TAUPRH ( 1 0 0) . 2 Q( 100 ) .PRD ( 100 ) . PRH( 100 ) . AKAP ( 1 00) .C1.C2.C3D.C3H. ZETO .FIRE.

3 PR ODD . PRODH .LI MI T »DPH I TAULI M « LINTER. DELT A. DQDTO » DPRDTO

.

4 DPRHTO. QO. LNORM

LOGICAL LINTER. LNORM

IF ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) GO TO 50

THIS SECTION CALCULATES TAUQ(N) FOR NORMALIZED FIRE DATA.

IF (NSEGG.GT.l) GO TO 10

WRITE (6.100) AKAP<1)

RETURN

10 NSEGM 1 ss NSEGQ— 1 TAUQ( 1 ) = ALOG( Q ( 1 ) ) /AKAP ( 1

)

IF (NSEGQ. GT. 2) GO TO 20

WRITE (6,110) AKA P(l) * T AUQ( 1 ) , Q ( 1

)

WRITE (6,120) Q( 1 ) »AKAP(2) ,TAUQ( 1) ,TAUQ( 1 ) »Q( 1

)

RETURN

20 DO 30 N=2 . NSEGM1

TAUQ(N)=ALOG( Q(N)/Q(N-1 ) ) / AKAP ( N ) +TA UQ ( N- 1

)

30 CONTINUE

WRITE (6,110) AKAP( 1 ) ,TAUQ( l ) ,Q( 1

)

NSEGM2=NSEGQ-2

00 40 N— 1 » NSEGM2

WRITE (6.130) Q(N) , A KA P ( N+ l).TAUQ(N) .TAUQ(N) ,TAUQ(N+1 ),Q(N),Q

2 ( N-f 1 ) 40 CONTINUE

WRITE (6,120) Q(NSEGM1 ) ,AKAP( NSEGQ) ,TAUQ( NSEGM 1 ),TAUQ(NSEGM1),Q(NS

2 EGM1 ) RETURN

C

C THIS SECTION CALCULATES TAUQ(N) FOR UN-NORMALIZED FIRE DATA.

C

£0 IF (NSEGG.GT.l) GO TO 60

WRITE (6.140) QO.AKAP(l)

RETURN

€0 NSEGM 1 = NSEGQ—

1

TAUQ( 1 )=ALOG( Q( 1 ) ) /AKAP( 1

)

IF (NSEGQ. GT. 2) GO TO 70

WQ1 = Q( 1 )*Q0

WRITE (6.150) QO, AKAP( 1 ) ,TAUQ( 1 ) ,Q0 , WQ1

WRITE (6,160) WQ1 . AKAP( 2) , TAUQ( 1 ) ,TAUQ( 1 ) . WQ1

102
SUBROUTINE EXFIRE

70

60

50

C

C

10 0

11 0

120

130

140

150

160

170

C

RETURN

DO 80 N=2 • NSEGM1

TAUC(N)=ALOG(Q(N)/Q(N-l) )/AKAP< N)+TAUQ(N-1 ) CONTINUE

WQ 1 =Q ( 1 )*Q0

WRITE (6*1 50 ) QO • A KAP ( 1 ) * TA UQ ( 1) « QO • WQ 1 NSEGM2=NSEGQ-2

DO 90 N=l.NSEGM2

WQN=Q(N) *Q0

WCN1-Q(N-H )#Q0

WRITE (6*170) WQN.AKAP (N+l ) *TAUQ( N) ,TAUQ( N) ,TAUQ(N+1 ) .WQN. WQN

2 1 CONTINUE

WQL=Q < NSEGM1

)

WRITE (6*160) WQL • A KAP ( NSEGQ) » T AUQ( NSEGM1 )*TAUQ(NSEGM1 ) * WQL

RETURN

FORMAT ( 1H0.5X . • Q/QO = EXPC.F5.4.' * TIME/SEC) IF 0*0 < TIME/SEC*

2 )FORMAT ( 1H0. 5X* *Q/QO = • * 9X .

• EXP( • # F5 • 4 * • * (TIME/SEC))*/' IF 0.

20 < TIME/SEC < •.F6.1.*. THAT IS. IF • , 3X . • 1 . 0 < Q/QO < *,F6.0)

FORMAT (1H0.5X** Q/QO = • *F6* 0* • * EXP(*,F5.4»* * (TIME/SEC - *.F6.1

2 *

1 ) )

• / * IF *,F6.1t' < TIME/SEC • *9X* ' * THAT IS. IF SF6.0,' < Q/QO*

3)

FORMAT ( 1 HO .5X» 'Q/QO = *,F6.0** * EXPC.F5.4.' * (TIME/SEC - *,F6.1

2 * ' ) )

'

/

1 IF **F6.1.» < TIME/SEC < •*F6*1*». THAT IS. IF »,F6.0,» < 3Q/Q0 < ' *F6 • 0

)

FORMA T ( 1 HO * 5X *

* Q = *,F6.0.* * EXP(*,F5.4,» * TIME) IF 0*0 < TIME*)

FORMATC 1H0.5X , *Q * **F6.0,» * EXPO.F5.4.* * (TIME))'/* IF 0.0 < T

2 IME < • * F6 • 1 * ' * THAT IS* IF '.F6.0,' < Q < »,F6.0)

FORMAT( 1H0* 5X •

• Q = ».F6.0.' * EXP('.F5.4.* * (TIME - **F6.1.») )•/

2 ' IF • * F6 • 1 * • < TI ME * * 9X* • » THAT IS. IF *,F6.0.* < Q*)

FORMAT (1H0.5X.'Q = '.F6.0.» * 5XPC.F5.4.' * (TIME - »*F6.1.') )»/

2' IF • * F6 • 1 * * < TIME < *.F6.l.*. THAT IS. IF *,F6.0.* < Q < ».F6.0

3)

END

103
SUBROUTINE FUNQ

C THIS IS ECRFSS*ASET.FUNQ

C

q* ****** ***********************************************************  

C THIS IS FUNQ. IT COMPUTES!

C

C QDQO(T) = ENERGY GENERATION RATE AT TIME TAU=T / QO

C** ***** ***************************************************************

c FUNCTION QDQO (T)

C

C ******************************************************************

c INTEGER FIRE

COMMON NSEGQ • NSEGPD * NSEGPH «TAUQ( 100) .TAUPRD(IOO) » TAUPRH ( 100).

2 Q( 100) . PRD ( 100) « PRH ( 100 ) ,AKAP< 100) * C 1 • C2 » C3D * C3H .2ET0.FI RE

.

3 PROOD.PRODH.LIMIT.DPHI. TAUL I M.L INTER. DELTA. DQDTO . DPRDTO « 4 DPRHTO. QO.LNORM

LOGICAL LINTER.LNORM

GO TO (10.60.90). FIRE

C

C THE FOLLOWING SEGMENT OF FUNQ IS USED TO COMPUTE QDQO(T) FOR A

C MULT I — EX PC NE NT I AL FIRE GROWTH CURVE.

C

10 IF (T.EQ.O.) QDQ0=1.

IF (T.EQ.O.) RETURN

IF (NSEGQ. EQ.t) GO TO 20

IF ( T • GE *TAUQ ( 1 ) ) GO TO 30

20 QDQO=EXP( AKAP( 1 )*T)

RETURN

30 IF (NSEGQ. EQ. 2) GO TO 50

NSEGM2= NSEGQ— 2

DO 40 N=1.NSEGM2

IF (T.GE.TAUQ (N+l ) ) GO TO 40

QDQ0=Q(N)*EXP(AKAP(N+1 )*(T-TAUQ(N) )

)

RETURN

40 CONTINUE

50 QDQO=Q (NSEGQ- 1 ) *EXP(AKAP( NSEGQ )*( T— TAUQ( NSEGQ- 1 ) )

)

RETURN

C

C THE FOLLOWING SEGMENT OF FUNQ IS USED TO COMPUTE QDQO(T) FOR DIGITAL

C DATA AND LINEAR INTERPOLATION.

C

CO IF (T.EQ.O.) QDQ0=1.

IF (T.EQ.O.) RETURN

IF ( T.GT.TAUQ( 1 ) ) GO TO 70

QDQO = Q( 1 )-( (Q( 1 }-l . )/TAUQ( 1 ) )*<TAUQ( 1 )-T)

RETURN

70 DO 80 N=l, NSEGQ

IF (T.GT.TAUQ(N) ) GO TO 80

QDQ0=Q(N)-< (Q(N)-Q(N-l ) ) / ( TAUQ ( N ) -TA UQ ( N-l )))*(TAUQ(N)-T)

RETURN

80 CONTINUE

90 RETURN

END

104
r>

r,

SUBROUTINE FUNPRD

r TMt<? IS FGRESS*ASET. FUNPRD

C

C* **** *****************************************************************

C THIS IS FUNPRD. IT COMPUTES

C

C PRDPRO(T) = PRODUCT GENERATION RATE AT TIME TAU=T /PRDO

C***** ** ****************************************************** *********

c FUNCTION PRDPRO (T) ******************************************************************

c INTEGER PRODD

COMMON NSEGQ, NSEGPD»NSEGPH,TAUQ( 100) ,TAUPRD( 1 00 ) • TAUPRH ( 1 00)

2 0(100) • PRD< 100 ) . PRH( 100 ) AK AP( 100 ) , Cl , C2 * C3D * C3H • ZETO, FIRE.

3 PRODD » PRODH .LIMIT • DPHI « T AUL IM*LINTER» DELTA* DQDTO » DPRDTO * 4 DPRHTO. QO.LNORM

EXTERNAL QDQO

LOGICAL L INTER »LNORM

GO TO (10.20*50), PRODD

C

C THE FOLLOWING SEGMENT OF FUNPRD IS USED TO COMPUTE PRDPRO(T) FOR A

C CASE WHERE THERE IS A CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY BETWEEN PRODUCT

C GENERATION RATE AND ENERGY GENERATION RATE. THIS CONSTANT. BETAD,

C IS DEFINED AS

c

C PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAD * (ENERGY GENERATION RATE).

C

C IN THIS CASE, PR0DD=1.

C

10 PR DPR 0 — QDQO C T

)

RETURN

C

C THE FOLLOWING SEGMENT OF FUNPRD IS USED TO COMPUTE PRDPRO(T) FOR A

C CASE WHERE PRODUCT GENERATION RATE IS GIVEN BY LINEAR INTERPOLATION

C BETWEEN DIGITAL DATA POINTS. IN THIS CASE PR0DD=2.

C

20 IF (T.EQ.O.) PRDPR0=1.

IF (T.EQ.O.) RETURN

IF (T.GT.TAUPRD( 1 ) ) GO TO 30

PRDPR0=PRD(1)-((PRD( 1 )- l . ) /T AUPRD ( 1) >*<TAUPRD(1 >-T)

RETURN

20 DO 40 N=1 .NSEGPD

IF (T.GT.TAUPRD(N) ) GO TO 40

P(-DPRO=PRD(N )-( (PRD(N)-PRD(N-l ) )/( T AUPRD < N) -TAUPRD( N-l ) ) )*(TA

2 UPRD(N)-T)

RETURN

40 CONTINUE

50 RETURN

END

105
SUBROUTINE FUNPRH

C THIS IS EGRESS*ASET. FUNPRH

C

C* **   **  **** ********************************* ************************

C THIS IS FUNPRH. IT COMPUTES

C

C PRHPROCT) « PRODUCT GENERATION RATE AT TIME TAU=T /PRHO

C* ** **************** *************** ************ ************* ***********

c FUNCTION PRHPRO (T)

C

c *************************** **************************** ***********

c INTEGER PRODH

COMMON NSEGQ, NSEGPD • NSEGPH , TA UQ ( 100) .TAUPRD(IOO) .TAUPRH(IOO)

,

2 G(100) • PRD ( 100) • PRH( 100 ) « AK AP ( 100 ) , Cl . C2 , C3D , C3H, ZETO » FI RE*

3 PRGDD, PRODH .LIMIT » DPH I . TAULI M , L I NTER . DELT A. DQDTO , DPRDTO , 4 DPRHTO .00, LNORM

EXTERNAL QDQO

LOGICAL L INTER * LNORM

GO TO <10.20.50)* PRODH

C

C THE FOLLOWING SEGMENT OF FUNPRH IS USED TO COMPUTE PRHPR0<T) FOR A

C CASE WHERE THERE IS A CONSTANT OF PROPORTI ONAL ITY BETWEEN PRODUCT

C GENERATION RATE ANO ENERGY GENERATION RATE. THIS CONSTANT, BETAH,

C IS DEFINED AS

C

C PRODUCT GENERATION RATE = BETAH * (ENERGY GENERATION RATE).

C

C IN THIS CASE. PRODH=l.

C

10 PRHPR0=QDQ0(T)

RETURN

C

C THE FOLLOWING SEGMENT OF FUNPRH IS USED TO COMPUTE PRHPROCT) FOR A

C CASE WHERE FRODUCT GENERATION RATE IS GIVEN BY LINEAR INTERPOLATION

C BETWEEN DIGITAL DATA POINTS. IN THIS CASE PRODH=2.

C

20 IF (T.EQ.O.) PRHPR 0= 1

.

IF (T.EQ.O.) RETURN

IF <T.GT.TAUPRH( 1 ) ) GO TO 30

PR HPR0=PRH( 1 )- ( (PRH(l)-l.) /TAUPRH< 1 ) ) *<TAUPRH ( 1 )-T

)

RETURN

30 DO 40 N=l. NSEGPH

IF (T.GT.TAUPRH(N) ) GO TO 40

PRH°RO—PR H(N)“( (PRH(N) — PRH( N— 1 ) ) / ( TAUPRH ( N ) -T AUP RH ( N-l ) ) ) * (TA

2 UPRH(N)-T)

RETURN

40 CONTINUE

£0 RETURN

END

106
SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

C THIS IS EGRESS*ASET. SUBAINT. IT REQUIRES EGRESS*ASET.SUBF AND INTGR.

C

c* ******************* ***************************************** *********

C THIS SUBROUTINE SETS UP THE NUMERICAL INTEGRATION FOR OBTAINING THE

C INTERFACE POSITION AS IT DROPS FROM THE CEILING. THE HISTORY OF

C TEMPERATURE AND PRODUCT CONCENTRATION IN THE UPPER LAYER ARE ALSO

C COMPUTED. THE INTEGRATION IS DONE IN SPECIFIED TIME INTERVALS. AFTER

C EACH INTERVAL. CRITERIA FOR DETECTION AND HAZARD ARE EVALUATED. LINEAR

C INTERPOLATION WITHIN THESE INTERVALS ARE USED TO OBTAIN TIME AND

C PARAMETER VALUES FOR DETECTION AND HAZARD.

C* ****************************************** ******* ********************

c

C NOTATION

c

c* ****** **************** ***********************************************

cC AQDQO

C CNDETD

C CNDETH

C CNDSP

C

C CN HA ZD

C CNHAZH

C CND

C

C CNH

C

C CNHTST

C CNDO

C CND1

C CND2

C CN HO

C CN HI

C CNH2

C DELTA

C DELTAM

C OP HI

C

C

C DP HID

C

C DP HI DS

C

C DPHIO

C DP HI 1 C DP HI 2

C DZDETF

C DZDETM

C DZF

C DZM

C HF

C ITMEGS

C pH I DET

C PH I DSP

C PHIHAZ

C PH I HSU

Q/QO AT END OF TIME STEP.

DETECTABLE PRODUCT CONCENTRATION AT TIME OF DETECTION.

HAZARDOUS PRODUCT CONCENTRATION AT TIME OF DETECTION.

DIMENSIONLESS SPECIFIED DETECTABLE PRODUCT CONCENTRATION

FOR DETECTION.

DETECTABLE PRODUCT CONCENTRATION AT TIME OF HAZARD.

HAZARDOUS PROOUCT CONCENTRATION AT TIME OF HAZARD.

DETECTABLE PRODUCT CONCENTRATION OF UPPER LAYER AT END OF TIMS

STEP.

HAZARDOUS PRODUCT CONCENTRATION OF UPPER LAYER AT END OF TIME

STEP.

A TEST VALUE FOR HAZARDOUS CONCENTRATION.

INITIAL DETECTABLE PRODUCT CONCENTRATION OF UPPER LAYER.

INITIAL HAZARDOUS PRODUCT CONCENTRATION OF UPPER LAYER.

THE HEIGHT OF THE FIRE ABOVE THE FLOOR IN FEET.

THE HEIGHT OF THE FIRE ABOVE THE FLOOR IN METERS.

DIMENSIONLESS RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPPER LAYER.

DPHI/DTAU. GENERATED IN SUBF DURING THE COURSE OF THE INTEGRATION.

DIMENSIONLESS RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPPER LAYER AT

TIME OF DETECTION.

DIMENSIONLESS RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPPER LAYER FOR

DETECTION SPECIFIED.

INITIAL DIMENSIONLESS RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPPER LAYER.

UPFER LAYER THICKNESS AT TIME OF DETECTION IN FEET.

UPPER LAYER THICKNESS AT TIME OF DETECTION IN METERS.

UPPER LAYER THICKNESS AFTER EACH TIME INTERVAL IN FEET.

UPPER LAYER THICKNESS AFTER EACH TIME INTERVAL IN METERS.

HEIGHT OF COMPARTMENT UNDER CONSIDERATON IN FEET.

TIME AVAILABLE FOR SAFE EGRESS. IN SECONDS.

DIMENSIONLESS UPPER LAYER TEMP AT TIME OF DETECTION.

DIMENSIONLESS UPPER LAYER TEMP FOR DETECTION SPECIFIED.

DIMENSIONLESS UPPER LAYER TEMP AT TIME OF HAZARD.

DIMENSIONLESS SPECIFIED UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE

107
r.n

r>

or)nnr\nor>nr>rvnr>n,rir>onnr>or>r>onAnr'.

nr>r>nnnnnrionnr>nr>nonrvnr»

SUBROUTINE SU8AINT

IS ABOVE ZETEYE.

PHIHSL DIMENSIONLESS SPECIFIED UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE WHEN INTERFACE

IS BELOW ZETEYE.

PI- 1 IT ST A TEST VALUE FOR PHI.

PHIO INITIAL UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE.

PHI 1 PH I 2

QDETQO Q AT THE TIME OF DETECTION / QO

QHAZQO Q AT THE TIME OF HAZARD / QO

RRC RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPPER LAYER IN DEGREES C PER

MINUTE AT END OF TIME STEP.

r’°DETC PA T E OF TEMP RISE OF UPPER LAYER AT TIME OF DETECTION IN

DEGREES C PER MINUTE.

RRDETF RATE OF TEMP RISE OF UPPER LAYER AT TIME OF DETECTION IN

DEGREES F PER MINUTE.

RRF RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE OF UPPER LAYER IN DEGREES F PER

MINUTE AT END OF TIME STEP.

TAUOET DIMENSIONLESS TIME AT TIME OF DETECTION.

TAUHAZ DIMENSIONLESS TIME AT TIME OF HAZARD.

TAU1 DIMENSIONLESS TIME AT LOWER LIMIT OF INTEGRATION.

TAU2 DIMENSIONLESS TIME AT UPPER LIMIT OF INTEGRATION.

TAUTSC A TEST VALUE FOR TAU.

TAUT SP A TEST VALUE FOR TAU.

TAUTST A TEST VALUE FOR TAU.

TIMDS TIME REQUIRED FOR DETECTION IN SECONDS.

TIMHS TIME TO REACH HAZARD IN SECONDS.

TMC LAYER TEMPERATURE AT END OF TIME STEP IN DEGREES C.

TMDETC UPPER LAYER TEMP AT TIME OF DETECTION IN DEGREES C.

TMDETF UPPER LAYER TEMP AT TIME OF DETECTION IN DEGREES F.

TMF LAYER TEMPERATURE AT END OF TIME STEP IN DEGREES F.

TMHAZC UPPER LAYER TEMP AT TIME OF HAZARD IN DEGREES C.

TMHAZF UPPER LAYER TEMP AT TIME OF HAZARD IN DEGREES F.

SF COMPARTMENT AREA UNDER CONSIDERATION IN SQUARE FEET.

SM COMPARTMENT AREA UNDER CONSIDERATION IN SQUARE METERS.

UAQDQO Q AT END OF TIME STEP.

UQDTDQ Q AT THE TIME OF DETECTION.

UQHZDQ Q AT THE TIME OF HAZARD.

ZETDET DIMENSIONLESS LAYER INTERFACE ELEVATION AT TIME OF DETECTION.

ZETEYE DIMENSIONLESS ELEVATION OF EYELEVEL.

ZETHAZ DIMENSIONLESS LAYER INTERFACE ELEVATION AT TIME OF HAZARD.

ZHAZF LAYER INTERFACE ELEVATION AT TIME OF HAZARD IN FEET.

ZHAZM LAYER INTERFACE ELEVATION AT TIME OF HAZARD IN METERS.

ZF LAYER ELEVATION AT END OF TIME STEP IN FEET . ZM LAYER ELEVATION AT END OF TIME STEP IN METERS.

Z1

Z2****** ******- ********************************************************

SUBROUTINE AINT ( I DETH , I DETT • I DETR , PHI HSU , PH I HSL t CNHAZS , PHI DSP

.

2 CNDSP, ZETE YE, DPHI DS. SF,SM. HF, WRC. TITLE) ********************* *********************************************

INTEGER FIRE. WRC. TITLE ( 20 ). PRODD , PRODH

DIMENSION Y ( 4 ) »WB( 20

)

COMMON NSEGQ * N SEGPD * NSE GPH * TA UQ ( 100) ,TAUPRD<100) .TAUPRH(IOO)

.

2 G( 100 ) . PRD < 100 ) *PRH( 100 ) , AKAP( 100 ) ,C1 C2.C3D.C3H, ZETO, FIRE,

108
n

ftn

n

Ij

a

n

ft

n

Mftftft

SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

3 PRODD. PRODH .LIM IT .DPHI TAULI M* L INTER * DELT A * DQOTO • DPRDTO , DPRHTO * QO« LNORM

EXTERNAL F

EXTERNAL QDQO

LOGICAL LINTSR.LNORM

CHARACTER CHARTR

C

C COMPUTE INITIAL LAYER TEMPERATURE. INITIAL RATE OF LAYER

C TEMPERATURE RISE. AND INITIAL CONCENTRATIONS.

C

PH I 0= 1 ./( l.-Cl/(Cl+C2*(ZET0**<5./3. ) ) )

)

DPHI0=(C1/C2) *( 1./6. )*< 2.*DQDT0-5.*<-Cl-C2*(ZET0**(5./3. ) ) ) )/( ZETO

2 **<8./3.))

CND0=C3D/(C2*(ZET0**<5./3.) )

)

CNH0=C3H/(C2*( ZET0**<5./3. ) )

)

C

C IF 1DETH=I. DETECTION BY POC CONCENTRATION IS NOT UNDER

C CONSIDERATION.

C

IF ( IDETH.EQ. 1 ) GO TO 20

IF (CNDO.LT.CNDSP) GO TO 40

IDETH=1

10 ZETDET=HF

TA UDET-0

CNDETD=CNDO

CNDET H=CNHO

DPHI D— DPHI

0

PHIDET=PHIO

GO TO 40

IF I DETT= 1 . DETECTION BY LAYER TEMPERATURE IS NOT UNDER CONSIDERATION

IF (IDETT.GT.O) GO TO 30

IF (PHIO.LT.PHIDSP) GO TO 40

IDETT = 1 GO TO 10

DETECTION IS BY RATE OF TEMPERATURE RISE AND IDETR=0. DOES DETECTION

OCCUR AT TI ME=0.

?

0 IF (DPHIO.LT. DPHIDS) GO TO 40

IDETRss 1 GO TO 10

SINCE HF> ZETEYE AT THIS INITIAL TIME. HAZARD CAN ONLY BE BY TEMPERATURE. DOES HAZARD OCCUR AT TIME=0.?

40 IF (PHIO.LT.PHIHSU) GO TO 50

TAUHAZ=0.

ZETHA Z=HF

CNHAZ D = CND0

CNHAZH=CNHO

PHIHAZ=PHI0

TAUDET=0.

ZETDET=HF

CNDETD=CNDO

CNDET H=CNH0

DPHID=OPHIO

109
n

a

SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

PHIDET=PHIO

GO TO 230

C

C INITIALIZE VARIABLES FOR INTEGRATION.

C

= 0 Y ( 1 ) =ZET 0

Y(

2

)=PHI0

Y(3)=CND0

Y ( 4 ) =CNH0

DPHI=DPHIO

T4 U2= 0 • 0

2

2

2

3

2

3

IF ( ( WRC.EQ.l ) .0R.(WRC.EQ.2) ) GO TO 60

IF (WRC.EQ.3) WRITE (6*280) TITLE

IF (WRC.EQ.4) WRITE (6,290) TITLE

IF (( WRC.EQ.3 ) .AND. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6,360)

IF (( WRC.EQ.4) .AND. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6.380)

IF ( (WRC.EQ.3) .AND. (, NOT. (LNORM) )) WRITE (6,370)

IF (( WRC.EQ.4 ) .AND. ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) ) WRITE (6,390)

DZF=HF-(Y( 1 )+DELTA>

DZM=DZF*0.3048

TMF=( Y( 2) *530. 0)-460.0

TMC= (TMF-32.0 ) /1.8

AQDQ0=QDQ0(TAU2)

UAQDQ0=AQDQ0*Q0

RRF=DPHI*31800.0

RRC=RRF/1 .8

ZF=Y( 1 )+DELTA

ZM=( Y( 1 ) +DELT A ) *0.3048

CND=Y (3

)

CNH=Y (4

ITAU2=IFIX(TAU2)'

IF (( WRC.EQ.3) .AND. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6,400) ITAU2.AQDQ0 ,DZF , DZM , Z F

,

ZM , TMF , TMC, RRF.RRC ,CND, CNH

IF ( (WRC.EQ.4 ) .AND. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6,410) ITA U2 .TMF , RRF , DZF, ZF

,

AQDQO , CND , CNH, TMC, RRC.DZM.ZM

IF ( (WRC.EQ.3) .AND. ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) ) WRITE (6,400) I TAU2 , UAQDQO , DZF

,

DZM,ZF,ZM,TMF , TMC , R RF , RRC , CND

,

CNH

IF (( WRC.EQ.4) .AND. ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) ) WRITE (6,410) I TAU2 , TMF ,RRF , DZF

,ZF , UAQDQO , CND, CNH, TMC, RRC,

DZM, ZM

INCREMENT TIME STEP AND CONTINUE.

C

€0 TAU1=TAU2

TAU2=TAU2+5.

IF ( ( (F7'1E.EQ.2).AND.(TAU2.GT.TAUQ(NSEGQ) ) ).OR.

2 ( ( PRODD.EQ.2) . AND . ( TAU2 . GT . T AUPRD( NSEGPD ) ) ) .OR.

3 ( ( PPODH • EQ.2 ) *AND.(TAU2. GT .TAUPRH(NSEGPH) ) ) ) GO TO 250

IF (TAU2.GT.T AUL I M ) GO TO 260

Z1=Y( 1 )+DELTA

Z1 I = Y ( 1 ) PHI 1=Y(2

)

CND1=Y(3)

CNH1=Y(4)

DELTH=0.5

DPHI1=DPHI

C

110
U

SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

C CALL INTGR TO PERFORM THE INTEGRATION FROM TAU1 TO TAU2

C

CALL INTGR ( F • TAU 1 • TAU2 • OELTH • 4 • Y

WB • I ER)

C

IF (IER.LT.32) GO TO 70

THERE IS AN ERROR IN THE INTEGRATION* WRITE ERROR MESSAGE AND

C RETURN TO MAIN.

C

WRITE (6.330)

RETURN

70 22I=Y(1)

Z2=Y ( 1 ) -f DELTA

PHI2=Y( 2)

CND2=Y(3

)

CNH2—Y ( 4

)

DPHI2=DPHI

IF ( ( WRC.EQ.l ) .OR. (WRC.EQ.2) ) GO TO 80

DZF-HF—Z2

DZM=D ZF*0 .304 8

TMF=( PHI 2*530 . 0 )— 460 •

0

TMC= ( T MF—32 . 0 ) / 1 .

8

AQDQ0=CDQ0(TAU2)

UA QDC 0 = AQDQO*QO

RRF=DPHI 2*31 800.0

RRC=RRF/1 .8

C

ZF=Z2

2

2

2

3

2

3

ZM=ZF*0 .3048

CND=CND2

CNH=CNH2

I T AU2 = IFIXCTAU2)

IF < ( WRC.EQ.3 ) .AND.(LNORM) ) WRITE (6.400) ITAU2 .AQDQO .DZF.DZM.ZF,

ZM.TMF.TMC. RRF . RRC . CND , CNH

IF ( ( WRC.EQ.4) • AND • ( LNORM) ) WRITE (6.410) ITA U2 . TMF , RRF , DZF. ZP

.

AQDQO , CND .CNH.TMC.RRC.DZM.ZM

IF (( WRC.EQ.3) .AND. ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) ) WRITE (6,400) I T AU2 , U AQDQO , DZF

,

DZM.ZF.ZM.TMF .TMC.RRF.RRC.CND,

CNH

IF (( WRC.EQ.4 ) .AND. ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) ) WRITE (6,410) I TAU2 , TMF , RRF, DZF

, ZF . U AQDQ 0 , CND ,CNH,TMC»RRC. DZM

• ZM

C IF DETECTION OCCURED BEFORE THE LAST TIME INTERVAL THEN WILL PASS FROM

C HERE TO 120 WITH NO CHANGES. IF DETECTION DID NOT OCCUR BEFORE THE

C LAST TIME INTERVAL THEN CHECK IF DETECTION OCCURED IN LAST TIME INTER—

C VAL. IF SO, THEN FLAG THIS FACT (E.G., SET IDETT = 1 ) , COMPUTE PARAMEC TERS AT THE TIME OF DETECTION AND GO TO 120.

C

80 IF (IDETH.GT.O) GO TO 100

IF (CND2.LT. CNDSP ) GO TO 120

TAUDET=TAUl+( TAU2-TAU1 ) * ( CNDSP—CND 1 )/( CND2-CND1

)

1DETH=1

SO ZETDET=Z1+(Z2-Z1 ) * ( TAUDET—TAU1 ) /( TA U2-TAU 1

)

CNDETD=CNDl+( CND2-CND1 ) * ( TAUDET—TAU 1 ) / ( TAU2-TAU 1

)

CNDET H=CNHl+( CNH2—CNH1 ) * ( TA UDET-TAUi )/(TAU2-TAUl

)

PHIDET=PHI1+(PHI2-PHI1 ) * ( TA UDET-TAU 1 ) / ( TA U2-T AU 1

)

DPHID=DPHI1+(DPHI2-DPHI 1 ) * ( TAUDET-TAU 1 )/(TAU2-TAUl

)

GO TO 120

111
r\

r>

SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

100 IF (IDETT.GT.O) GO TO 110

IF ( PHI2.LT.PHIDSP) GO TO 120

TAUDET=TAU1H(TAU2-TAU1 ) * (PHIDSP-PHI 1 ) /(PH I 2-PHI 1

)

IDETT^l

GO TO SO

110 IF ( 1 DETR • GT • 0 ) GO TO 120

IF ( DPHI2.LT. DPHIDS) GO TO 120

TAUDET=TAU1-M TAU2-TAU1 ) * ( DP HI D S-OPHI 1) /( D PH 1 2—DP HI 1

)

I DET R = 1 GO TO 90

C

DID HAZARD OCCUR DURING THE LAST TIME INTERVAL?

120 IF (Z2.LT.ZETEYE) GO TO 140

IF ( PHI2 • GE.PHIHSU ) GO TO 130

GO TO 60

13 0 TAUHAZ=TAU1+(TAU2—TAU1 ) * (PH IHSU-PHI 1 )/( PHI2-PHI 1

)

GO TO 200

140 IF (Z1 .GE.ZETEYE) GO TO 150

GO TO 160

C

C DID HAZARD OCCUR BY HIGH LAYER TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE TIME INTERVAL

C BEFORE Z<ZETEYE? TO ANSWER THIS. COMPUTE TIME WHEN Z=ZETE YE » COMPUTE

C THE TEMPERATURE AT THIS TIME. AND SEE IF THIS TEMPERATURE IS GREATER

C THAN PHITST.

C

150 TAUTST=TAUl+{ TAU2-TAU1 )*(ZETEYE-Z1 )/<Z2-Zl

)

PHITST=PHIl+( PH 12-PHI 1 ) MTAUTST-TAU 1 )/(TAU2-TAUl ) IF (PHITST. GE.PHIHSU) GO TO 130

C

C DID HAZARDOUS CONCENTRATION EXIST PRIOR TO OR AT THE TIME THAT THE

C INTERFACE REACHED ZETEYE? TO ANSWER. COMPUTE THE CONCENTRATION,

C CNHTST, AT TIME TAUTST WHEN THE INTERFACE REACHES ZETEYE. AND COMPARE

C IT TO CNHAZS

.

C

CNHTST=CNHl+< CNH2-CNH1 ) * ( TA UTST-TA U 1 )/<TAU2-TAUl

)

IF ( (CNHTST. LT. CNHAZS) .AND. (PHITST. LT.PHIHSL) ) GO TO 160

TAUHAZ^T AUTST

GO TO 200

160 IF ( CNH2.GE. CNHAZS) GO TO 180

IF (PHI2. LT.PHIHSL) GO TO 60

17 0 TAUHAZ = TAUl + ( TAU2-TAU1 ) * ( PHIHSL-PHI 1 )/( PH 1 2-PHI 1 ) GO TO 200

180 IF (PHI2.LT.PHIHSL) GO TO 190

C

C COMPUTE TIME WHEN CN=CNHAZS. COMPUTE TIME WHEN PHI=PHIHSL. WHICHEVER

C TIME IS SMALLER IS TAUHAZ.

C

TAUTSC=TAUl+( TAU2-TAU1 ) * ( CNHAZS-CNH 1 )/(CNH2-CNHl

)

T A UTSP=TAU1 f(TAU2— TAU1 ) * ( PHIHSL-PH I 1 ) / ( PH I 2-PHl 1 ) IF (TAUTSC.LE.TAUTSP) GO TO 190

GO TO 170

190 TA UHA Z=TAU1+(T AU2-TAU1 ) * ( CNHA Z S-CNH 1 )/(CNH2-CNHl ) 200 PHIHAZ = PHI1«-(PHI2-PHI1 ) * ( T AUH A Z—T A J 1 )/<TAU2-TAUl

)

ZETHAZ = ZH-(Z2-Z1)*(TAUHAZ-TAU1 >/(TAU2-TAUl ) CN HA ZD=CND 1 + ( CND2— CND 1 )*(TAUHA Z-TAU1 )/(TAU2-TAUl

)

CNHAZH=CNH1+(CNH2-CNHI ) * ( T AUH A Z—TAU 1 )/(TAU2-TAUl

)

DPHIH=DPHI l+( DPHI 2—DPHI 1 ) *( TAUHAZ-TAU 1 )/( TAU2-TAU1

)

112
U

KJ

SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

C

C HAZARD DID OCCUR IN THE LAST TIME INTERVAL. DID DETECTION OCCUR IN THE

C LIST OR ANY PREVIOUS TIME INTERVAL? IF NOT. THEN ASSUME DETECTION

C EVENT TO OCCUR AT THE TIME OF THE ONSET OF HAZARD, AND A PPROPR I ATELY

C SET THE DETECTION PARAMETERS.

C

IF < ( ( IDETH.EQ . 1 ) .AND. ( IDETT.EQ. 1 ) ) . AND. C IDETR.EQ. 1 ) ) GO TO 210

GO TO 220

210 IF (TAUHAZ.LT. TAUDET) GO TO 220

GO TO 230

220 TAUDET=TAUHAZ

PHIDETsPHIHAZ

ZETDET=ZETHAZ

CNDETD=CNHAZD

CNDETH=CNHAZH

DPHID=DPHIl+( DPHI2-DPHI 1 ) * ( TAUDET-TA U1 )/( TAU2-TAU1

)

C

C CHANGE DIMENSIONLESS RESULTS CORRESPONDING TO THE DETECTION AND

C ONSET Or HAZARD EVENTS TO DIMENSIONAL VALUES AND PRINT THEM OUT.

C

230 TMDETF=PHIDET*530.-460

.

TMDET C= (TMDETF—32. )/1.8

TMHAZF= PH I HA Z* 530 •—460

TMHAZC= (TMHAZF-32. 1/1.8

RRDETF=DPHID*31800 .0

RRDETC=RRDETF/1 .8

TI MDS=TAUDET

T I MHS=TAUHAZ

QDETCQ=QDQO( TAUDET)

QH AZDQ=QDQ0 ( T AUHAZ

)

UQOTDG=QDETDQ*QO

UQHZDQ=QHAZDQ*QO

ZD ETF= ZETDET

ZDETM=ZDETF*0.3048

DZDETFsHF-ZETDET

DZ DETM=DZDETF *0.3048

ZHAZF=ZETHAZ

ZHAZMsZHAZF*0 .3048

DZHAZF=HF—ZETHAZ

DZHAZM=DZHAZF*0.3048

RR HA Z F= DP H I H* 3180 0.0

RRHAZC-RRHAZF / 1 .8

IT IMDS=IFIX(TIMDS)

IT IMHS=IFIX(TIMHS)

IT MEGS* IT IMHS— IT I MDS

WRITE RESULTS FOR THE COMPARTMENT HEIGHT AND AREA UNDER CONSIDERATION.

C

IF < ( WRC .EQ.2) .OR. ( WRC .EQ.4 ) ) GO TO 240

IF (WRC.EQ.3) WRITE (6,280) TITLE

IF (( WRC.EQ.3) .AND. ( LNORM) ) WRITE (6,420)

IF ( (WRC.EQ.3 ) .AND. ( .NOT. (LNORM) )) WRITE (6,430)

IF (LNORM) WRITE (6,310) SF, ITIMDS, TMDETF , DZDETF « RRDETF , QDETDQ » 2 CNDETD » I TI MHS, TMHAZF ,ZH AZF .QHAZDQ.CNHAZH, ITMEGS, SM,

3 TMDETC , DZDETM. RRDETC.TMHAZC.ZHAZM

IF ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6,310) SF . I TI MDS , TMDETF , DZDETF , RRDETF

,

2 UQD TDQ .CNDETD, IT I MHS. TMHAZF, ZHAZF , U QHZDQ. CNHAZH

3 . ITMEGS. SM, TMDETC .DZDETM, RRDETC .TMHAZC. ZHAZM

113
SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,460)

IF (LINTER) READ (5.300) CHARTR

RETURN

C

240 WRITE (6,290) TITLE

IF ( LNORM ) WRITE (6,440)

IF ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6,450)

WRITE (6,470)

IF (LNORM) WRITE ( 6,320) IT I MDS * TMDETF , DZDETF , ZDETF , R RDETF . QDETDQ

,

2 CNDETD , CNDETH, TMDETC » DZDET M, Z DETM , RRDET C

IF ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6,320) ITI MDS , TMDETF .DZDETF , ZDETF , RRDETF

,

2 UQDTDQ, CNDETD .CNDETH, TMDET C,DZDETM,ZD£TM»RRDETC

WRITE (6,480)

IF (LNORM) WRITE (6,320) IT IMHS .TMHAZF .DZHAZF , ZHA ZF , RRHA ZF, QHAZDQ

,

2 CNHAZD.CNHAZH,TMHAZC .DZHAZM, ZHAZM * RRHAZC

IF ( .NOT. (LNORM) ) WRITE (6,320) IT I MHS T MHAZF , DZHAZF , ZHAZF , RRHA ZF

,

2 UQHZDQ.CNHAZD .CNHAZH , T MHAZC . DZHA ZM , ZH AZM , RRHAZC

WRITE (6,490) ITMEGS

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,460)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,300) CHARTR

RETURN

C

250 WRITE (6,350)

GO TO 270

260 WRITE (6,340)

270 LIMIT=1

IF (LINTER) WRITE (6,460)

IF (LINTER) READ (5,300) CHARTR

RETURN

Cc280 FORMAT ( 1 HI , 2 OX . 20 A4/

)

290 FORMAT( 1H1 ,20A4/)

200 FORMAT ( A 1

)

21 0 FORMA T ( 1 HO , 1X*F8.0«3X, I5»3(3X,F7.2) »3X»F8,2»3X»E9,4»3X»I5»2(3X, F7

•

22 ) ,3X,F8.2,3X , E9 . 4 ,3X , 15/1 X . » ( • , F9 • 2

.

' )

• , 9X .

• (

• , F7 • 2 ,• )

' . 1 X, •( » , F7

3.2,') (

• ,F7.2 ,

•

) • ,32X, • ( • ,F7. 2, * )

( • , F7. 2

,

• ) • /

)

220 FORMAT ( 1 HO. 15 . 4 ( 2X , F7 . 2 ) . 2X . F8 . 2 . 2 ( 2X , El 0 . 5 ) /7X ,

' (

• , F7 . 2 , • ) (• , F7 .

2

2. ' ) ( ' .F7.2, ' ) (

• ,F7.2. •

) •/)

230 FORMAT ( 34H PROBLEM IN INTEGRATION IER GT 32/)

240 FORMAT (1H0,3X, » THE TIME TAULIM HAS BEEN EXC

2EEDED • ' / ' CONTINUE WITH THE NEXT COMPARTMENT HEIGHT OR SPECIFIED ' 3/5X, ' DETECTION CRITERIA. —')

250 FORMAT (1H0,3X,» THE UPPER LIMIT OF THE DIGITAL DATA HAS BEEN EXC

2EEDED. •/ * CONTINUE WITH THE NEXT COMPARTMENT HEIGHT OR SPECIFIED ' 3/5X, * DETECTION CRITERIA. ')

360 FORMAT ( 1! 0, IX, 'TI ME • ,8X» 'Q/QO' ,7X, 'LAYER THICKNESS INTERFACE EL

2EVATI0N LAYER TEMPERATURE '. 7X , 'RATE OF R I SE ' . 1 0 X , • C ONCENTRAT I ON

•

3/' ( SECS) » ,19X, • ( FT) • ,6X, • ( M> • ,8X, • (FT )

• ,6X. » (M) ' ,7X, • (F )

» ,6X, • (C)

4» . 9X. • (F/MIN) ( C/MI N ) DETECTABLE HAZARDOUS '/ 1 H , 1 1 1 X ,

• POC • . 8

X

5, • POC ' ) 270 FORMAT( 1H0,1X, 'TIME' ,8X, » Q »,7X, 'LAYER THICKNESS INTERFACE EL

2EVATI0N LAYER TEMPERATURE ', 7 X ,' RATE OF RISE'.lOX, 'CONCENTRATION*

3/' (SEC )

* ,8X, • KW' ,9X. • (FT) ' ,6X ,• (M) ' ,8X, • ( FT) ' ,6X .

• ( M) • ,8X, ' (F) » .6

4X, '(C) »,9X, '(F/MIN) (C/MIN) DETECTABLE HAZARDOUS '/ 1 H .lllX.'P

50C ' » 8X , 'POC* ) 380 FORMAT (1H0.17X,' RA TE OF LAYER LAYER' , 1 3X ,' DETECT ABLE HAZARDOU

2

S ' /2X , 'TIME TEMP. RISE THICKNESS ELEVAT. Q/QO ', 7X ,' POC

114
SUBROUTINE SUBAINT

3 »8X* ' POC' /56X * • CONCEN. CONCEN. • /2X, SEC OEG F DEGF/M

4FT ' • 7X . ' FT ' /9X •' ( DEG C) (DEGC/M) CM) C M)

)

200 FORMATC 1H0.17X, 'RATE OF LAYER L AYER • • 1 3X ,• DETECT ABL E HAZARDOU

2S'/2X.'TIME TEMP. RISE THICKNESS ELEVAT. Q ',7X,'P0C'

3.0X. 'POC/56X* » CONCEN. CONCEN. • /2X •• SEC DEG F DEGF/M

4FT ' . 7X *

* FT* »8X» 'KKl' /9X .

• ( DEG C) (DEGC/M) (M) (M)»)

40 0 FORMAT ( 1H0. 15 • 5X , F8. 2. 4 ( 5X , F7. 2. 2X . F7 . 2 ) . 5X, E 9 . 4 , 2X , E 9. 4 /

)

41 0 FORMAT < 1 HO • l X • 15 • 4 { 2X , F7 .2 ) • 2X • F8. 2 • 2 ( 2X , E9. 4 ) /8X .4 (

• (• • F7 .2 •

•

)

» /

)

2 ) 420 FORMAT ( 1H0.31X* 'LAYER RATE OF ', 1 4X *• DETECT ABLE '. 1 9X ,' I NTERFACE

? . 1 3X« • HAZARDOUS ' /4X. 'AREA TIME TEMP. THICKNESS RISE*.

36X •* Q/QO CONCEN. TIME TEMP. ELEVATION Q/QO'.SX,'

4 CONCEN • AVAILABLE ' /I 4X . • AT • . 7X ,

• AT ' . 8X ,• AT * . 9X ,

• AT • . 8X ,• AT • . 9X .•

A

5T * . 8X * • AT ' 7X • AT • .8X. 'AT* *9X* •AT 1 .9X. 'AT* *6X* • EGRESS ' /I OX .' DETECT

61 ON DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION HAZARD

7HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD T I MS ' //3X, • FT **2 * , 6 X , •

S

SEC DEG F* »6X» ' FT* * 6X * 'DEGF/M* . 28X. 'SEC DEG F • . 6X ,

' FT • . 3 OX

,

9 ' SEC • /3X. • ( M**2 )

• * 12X* • ( DEG C) (M) < DEGC/M) • .33X ,' (DEG C) * CM)*///)

430 FORMAT! 1H0.31X, 'LAYER RATE OF ». 14X. • DETECTABLE 1 9X. • INTERFACE

2 • 1 3X * • HAZARDOUS' /4X* 'AREA TIME TEMP. THICKNESS RISE'.

36X . * Q CONCEN. TIME TEMP. ELEVATION Q ».5X,'

4 CONCEN. AVAILABLE' /14X* 'AT' .7X .

' AT • . 8X. » AT' . 9X, • AT • 8X ,» AT' . 9X .•

A

5T ' . 8X. ' AT' .7X, ' AT' .8X, 'AT' .9X, ' AT' ,9X. 'AT' .6X . 'EGRESS' /I OX .

' DETECT

6 I ON DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION DETECTION HAZARD

7HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD T I ME • //3 X , ' FT 44 2' . 6X , '

S

8EC DEG F' .6X. 'FT' .6X. 'DEGF/M* ,7X ,' KW • 19X .' SEC DEG F',6X,'

9FT ' .1 OX. • KW • 1 8X. • SEC/3X. • • . 1 2X , ' ( DEG C) (M) ( DEGC/

4M) • ,33X, • (DEG C) (M)'///)

440 FORMAT( 1H0.8X. 'LAYER LAYER INTER. RATE OF ' , 1 2X .• DET ECTA BLE

2 HAZARDOUS»/2X. 'TIME TEMP. THICKNESS ELEVAT. R I SE ' . 6X ,• Q/QO ' 37X *

» POC ' * 9X * • POC * /3X • 'SEC DEG F FT'.7X,'FT DEGF/M '. 1 4 X .

• 4C0NCEN. CONCEN. '/8X. '(DEG C) (M)»,6X,'(M) (DEGC/M)')

450 FORMAT( 1H0.8X. 'LAYER LAYER INTER. RATE OF '. 1 2X ,' DETECTA BLE

2 HAZARDOUS* /2X * 'TIME TEMP. THICKNESS ELEVAT. RISE'.6X,» Q ',

37X . 'POC* .9X, ' POC' /3X, • SEC DEG F FT'»7X,»FT DEGF/M '. 6X ,'

K

4W » • 6X « • CONCEN • CONCEN .' /8X .'( DEG C) (M)',6X,'(M) (DEGC/M)

S' ) 460 FORMAT (

• OPRESS CARRIAGE RETURN TO CONTINUE.')

470 FORMAT (• 4*** DETECT I ON CHARACTERISTICS4444

)

480 FORMAT ( • 4***H AZAR D CHARACTERI ST ICS4444 '

)

490 FORMAT ( • 4444SAFE AVAILABLE EGRESS TIME * '.I5.' SECONDS****'

)

C

END

115
SUBROUTINE INTGR

C this IS EGPESS*ASET. INTGR. IT REQUIRES EGRESS*A SET • SUBF

•

C

O *************************************************** ********* *********

C THIS SUBROUTINE WILL INTEGRATE THE EQUATIONS FOR COMPUTING THE

C INTERFACE POSITION AS IT DROPS FROM THE CEILING. THE HISTORY OF THE

C AVERAGE UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE. AND THE HISTORY OF THE PRODUCTS OF

C COMBUSTION CONCENTRATIONS IN THE UPPER LAYER.

C* ****** ** * ********* ************************** ********************** * **

c SUBROUTINE INTGR < F • A • B • H . N • XO • WK , I E R

)

C

c ******************************************************************

c DIMENSION WK( i ) «X0 ( 1

)

INTEGER ZXR

LOGICAL LD.LH.LI * L

J

DATA E5/.5E-4/

I E R=0

IF (A-B) 30.10.30

10 DO 20 1=1.

N

XO < I ) =0 .

0

20 CONTINUE

RETURN

30 I N 1=N+N

IN2=IN1+N

HM IN=0 .01*ABS< H

)

LH= .TRUE

•

LI = • TRUE

•

LJ=.TRUE.

H=SIGN< ABS(H) . B-A)

X= A

40 XS =X

DO 50 J= 1

N

IWK0=N+J

WK ( I WKO ) =X0 ( J)

EO CONTINUE

eo HS=H

D= X +H— B

LD= .TRUE

.

IF ( .NOT. ( (H.GT .0.0.AND.D. GE .0.0). OR . ( H .LT. 0 . 0 . AND .D.LE.0.0))) GO

2 TO 70

H=B-X

LI=. FALSE.

70 H3=H/3.

DO 210 Z

V R= 1.5

CALL F (XO.X.WK)

DO 170 1 = 1.

N

D=H3*WK( I ) I WKO =N+

I

IWK1=IN1+I

IWK2=IN2+I

GO TO (80,90.100.110.120). ZXR

£0 T=D

WK ( I WK1 ) =D

GO TO 130

SO T=0 • 5*< D + WK( I WK1 )

)

116
SUBROUTINE I NT GR

100

11 0

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

19 0

200

210

220

C

c23 0

C

GO TO 130

T=3.*0

WK( I WK2)=T

T=.375*(T+WK( IWK1 )

)

GO TO 130

T =WK( IWK1 )+4.*D

•WK( I WK1 )=T

T=l .5*(T-WK( I WK2 ) ) GO TO 130

T=0 .5*( D + WK( I WK1 )

>

D=ABS( T + T— 1 • 5* ( D+WK( IWK2) ) ) XOC I )=WK( IWK0)+T

IF (ZXR.NE.5) GO TO 170

R=ABS(X0(I)

)

T=E5

IF (R.GE.l.E-3) T=R*E5

IF ( D.LT.T.OR.{ .NOT.LH) ) GO TO 160

LI S . TRUE

LJ-. FALSE.

H=H/2.

IF ( ABS( H) .GE.HMIN) GO TO 140

H=SI GN( 1 .,H)*HMIN

LH=. FALSE.

DO 150 J=l.N

IWK0=N+J

X0( J)=WK( IWKO)

CONTINUE

x=xs

GO TO 60

IF (D.GE. 0.03125*T) LD=. FALSE.

CONTINUE

GO TO (180.210,190.200,210). ZXR

X=X+H3

GO TO 210

X=X*0.5*H3

GO TO 210

X=X+0.5*H

CONTINUE

IF ( .NOT. (LD.AND.LT .AND.LJ ) ) GO TO 220

H=2.*H

LH=.TRUE.

L J = .TRUE

.

IF (LI) GO TO 40

H = HS

IF (LH.OR.LD) RETURN

I ER=33

WRITE ( 6 * 230

)

RETURN

FORMAT (

• WARNING CONVERGENCE WAS NOT OBTAINED IN I NT GR SUBROUTIN

21

END

117
SUBROUTINE SUBF

C THIS IS EGRESS*ASET.SUBF. IT IS REQUIRED BY I NT GR

•

C

C* ************************************************* ********** *** *******

C THIS IS USED IN I NT GR INTEGRATING ROUTINE.

C THUS DX/DT=F<X(T> ,T)

C*** **************** ***************************************************

c SUBROUTINE F (XO.T.XP)

C

c ******************************************************************

c COMMON NSEGQ»NSEGPD»NSEGPH.TAUQ( 100 ) »T AUP RD ( 100). TAUPRHC 100)

.

2 Q< 100) • PRD ( 100) .PRH( 1 00 ) • AKAP (100) .Cl C2.C3D.C3H, ZETO.FIRE,

3 PRODD.PRODH-.LIMIT.DPHI . TAUL IM.LINTER » DELT A « DQDTO « DPRDT 0 . 4 DPRHTO .QO.LNORM

DIMENSION X0(4).XP(4)

EXTERNAL QDQO

EXTERNAL PRDPRO

EXTERNAL PRHPRO

LOGICAL L INTER .LNORM

IF (T.GT.O.O) GO TO 10

XP< 1 )=-Cl-C2*( ZET0**{5./3. )

)

XP (2)=(C1/C2) *( 1 ./6. ) *< 2.*DQDT0-5.*XP< 1 ) ) /( ZETO** ( 8 . /3 . ) ) XP<3 ) = < <5.*C1 *C3D )/(6.*C2*( ZET 0 ** < 8 • /3 ))))*( 1 . + ( 3 . *ZETO*DPRDTO ) /(

5

2.*C1 ) — ZET O+DQDTO/ ( 5.*C1 ) +C2*< ZETO**< 5./3. ) )/Cl

)

XP <4 )=( < 5.+C1 *C3H ) / ( 6. *C2* ( ZETO** ( 8 • /3 ) ) ) )*< 1 . + < 3 . * ZETO* DPRHTO ) /(

5

2 • *C1 )— ZETO*DQDTO/( 5.*C1 )+C2 * < ZETO ** ( S./3. ) ) /C 1

)

GO TO 40

10 IF (X0( 1 ) .LE.O .0) GO TO 20

XP( 1 ) =—C 1*QDQ0(T)

XP { 1 )=XP( 1 )—C2* ( Q DQO ( T)**( l./3.))*(X0(l)**(5./3.))

XP (2 )=<X0<2)**2. ) *(Ci *QDQO (T ) + < 1 .-( 1 ./X0( 2 ) ) ) *XP ( 1 ) ) / ( ZETO-XO( 1 )

)

XP(3)=X0(2)*( C3D*PRDPR0( T)-XO( 3)*C2* (QDQO (T)**(1./3.))*(X0(1)**(5.

2/3. ) ) ) / ( ZETO— X 0 ( 1 ) ) XP (4)s=XO(2)*(C3H*PRHPRO(T)-XO(4)*C2*(QDQO(T)**( 1 . /3 . ) ) * ( XO ( 1 ) ** ( 5 . 2/3.) ) ) / ( ZETO— XO ( 1 ) ) GO TO 40

20 IF ( X0( 1 ) .LE. -DELTA) GO TO 30

XP(1 ) =—Cl *QDQO ( T

)

XP(2)=(X0(2)*C1*QDQ0(T) )/<ZETO-XO< 1 )

)

XP (3)— (X0(2) *C 3D* PRDPRO ( T) )/(ZET0-X0( 1 )

)

XP <4) = ( X0( 2 )*C3H* PRHPRO < T) )/(ZETO-XO ( 1 ) ) GO TO 40

30 XP(1)=0.0

XP ( 2 ) — ( >0 ( 2 ) *C 1 *QDQ0 ( T ) ) /( ZETO+DELTA

)

XP( 3 )=( X0( 2)*C3D*PRDPR0( T) ) /( ZETO+DELTA

)

XP (4)=(X0(2) *C 3 H* PRHPRO ( T ) )/( ZETO+DELTA

)

40 DPHI -XP < 2

)

RETURN

END

118
SUBROUTINE INPUT

r tmts is fgress*aset.input

c£«******** *************************************************************

C THIS IS AN ERROR CHECKING ROUTINE. IT CHECKS THE INPUT DATA TO

C INSURE THAT IT IS CORRECT.

C***** *****************************************************************

c SUBROUTINE INPUT < VARI BL • I END

)

Cc ************* ******************************************** *********

c COMMON NSEG Q • NSEGPD *NSEG PH *TAUQ< 100 ) *T AUPRD( 100) .TAUPRH< 100)

.

2 Q( 100) • PRD { 100) • PRH< 1001, AKA P<100) *C1. C2.C3D. C3H. ZETO » FIRE*

3 PRODD.OROOH.LIMIT.DPHI • TAUL I M . LI NTER . DELTA . DQDTO . DPRDTO

,

4 DPRHTO . QO • LNORM

LOGICAL LINTER. LNORM

CHARACTER L. ICHECK

DATA L/ • Y •

/

10 WRITE (6,50)

READ <5.60) ICHECK

IF < ICHECK. EQ.L) RETURN

WRITE <6.70)

20 READ < 5 .* ,ERR=40 .END*30) VARI BL

WRITE (6.*) VARIBL

GO TO 10

20 IEND=999

RETURN

40 WRITE (6.80)

GO TO 20

C

C

£0

60

70

eo

c

FORMAT (

* IS THIS CORRECT <Y/N) ?»)

FORMAT < A 1

)

FORMAT < * ENTER THE CORRECT VALUE<S).')

FORMAT <

8 ====> INCORRECT INPUT - TRY AGAIN <====• ) END

119
SUBROUTINE INPUT2

C THIS IS EGRESS*ASET.1NPUT2

C

c* ********************************** ***********************************

C THIS IS AN ERROR CHECKING ROUTINE. IT CHECKS THE DATA POINT

C INPUT TO INSURE THAT IT IS CORRECT.

C* *** *** *********** ************************************************** **

c SUBROUTINE INPUT2 (TAUVA R • RATVAR • I TYPE

)

Cc

c

10

20

20

c

c40

SO

CO

70

eo

SO

100

11 0

120

130

c

**************************************** *********************** *** COMMON NSEGQ. NSEG PD, NSEGPH»TAUQ( 100 ) ,TAUPRD( 1 00 ) , T AUPRH ( 10Q ) , 2 Q( 100 ) ,PRD( 100) ,PRH( 100 ) .AKAP( 100) .Cl » C2 ,C3D ,C3H • 2ET0 .FIRE.

3 PRODD, PRODH, LI MIT .DPHI, TAUL I M.L INTER, DELTA. DQDTO . DPRDTO

,

4 DPRHTO, QO.LNORM

LOGICAL L INTER .LNORM

DI MENS ION TAUVAR ( 1 00 ) • RATVAR ( 1 00 I CHARACTER L.ICHECK

DATA L/ • Y •

/

IF (ITYPE.EQ.l) WRITE (6.40)

IF (ITYPE.NE.l) WRITE (6.50)

READ (5.60) ICHECK

IF ( ICHECK. EQ.L) RETURN

IF (ITYPE.EQ.l) WRITE (6.70)

IF (ITYPE.NE.l) WRITE (6.80)

IF (ITYPE.EQ.l) READ ( 5 • * ,ERR=30 ) N , RAT VAR ( N ) .TAUVA R( N

)

IF (ITYPE.NE.l) READ (5.*.ERR=30) N . TAUVAR ( N ), RAT VAR ( N

)

IF (ITYPE.EQ.l) WRITE (6.90) ( N , RAT VAR ( N ) .TAUVA R < N ), N=1 , NSEGQ

)

IF (ITYPE.EQ.2) WRITE (6.120) ( N , TAUVAR ( N ), N. RATVAR ( N ). N= 1 . NSEGQ

)

IF (ITYPE.EQ.3) WRITE (6.100) ( N .TAUVAR < N ). N, RATV AR ( N ), N=1 . NSEGPD

)

IF ( ITYPE.EQ. 4 ) WRITE (6.110) ( N , TAUVAR ( N.) . N. RATV AR ( N ), N*1 . NSE GPH ) GO TO 10

WRITE (6.130)

GO TO 20

FORMAT

(

1 ARE THE EQUATIONS CORRECT (Y/N) ?•)

FO RMAT (

• ARE THE DATA POINTS CORRECT (Y/N) ?•)

FORMAT ( A1

)

FORMAT ( • ENTER THE NUMBER OF AN INCORRECT EQUATION, THE CORRECT RA

2TE » * / • AND THE CORRECT EXPONENTIAL FACTOR.')

FORMA T

(

• ENTER THE NUMBER OF AN INCORRECT DATA POINT, THE CORRECT

2T I ME »

• / • AND THE CORRECT RATE.')

F0RMAT(5X,I3, • ) Q = '.F8.2.' EXP (

• ,F7 . 4

,

• ( T-T 1 ) )

« /

)

FDRMAT(1P , 'TAUPRD( • . 13, • ) = • , F6. 0 • 5X ,• PRD (' • 1 3, • ) = '.E12.4)

FORMAT ( 1 H , »TAUPRH( • .13. • ) = • ,F6. 0 . 5X . • P RH (

• ,13,' ) = '.E12.4)

FORMAT (1H . • T AUQ ( ' . 13 , * ) - • , F6 .0 • 5X .• Q

( • , 13 .

' ) = »,E12.4)

FORMAT ( • ====> INCORRECT INPUT - TRY AGAIN <====•)

END

120
<1

Figure

1.

Simple

illustration

of

f

ire-in-enc.losure

flow

dynamics
to© o O o O O o e O o o o o o o e © o o o © o o o o o o

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z

Iti UJ a «

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HI o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

tuiao o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o © o o o o o o o o

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HI Z K © © 9 9 O O mm 04 04 © © m © © « © N K a © 9 9 o © ~

— X mm •m mm mm mm mm 04 04 04 04 04 04 01 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 CM CM ©

2 Xo

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IL ft 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 01 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04

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lit a

z<

4-

irt z

oo

HIa 9 <o © m m m © K 9 mrn © 0» o © 9 * 9 © © © CM o 9

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aM © Ol 9 « © o a © CM o K m 04 9 N 04 9 K + CM N » 04 o o O 0k 9 9 9 © © © © N 0- N © © « « so © © © * © © +

< —

> X tn CM CM Ol 04 CM 04 04 CM CM CM CM 01 CM CM 01 04 CM CM CM CM CM CM 04 CM

111 —

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HIu o o •4* CM © © « © o © © © o 04 * o © mm © ©

< o 9k ® © © CM mm o o 9k © N <0 © m m CM «• mm o 9 ©

U. — 9 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 t- o 9k 9» o 9k 9 0k 9 9k 9 9 0k « © S « e © « © © © © © K N

HI U.>- z

© O © © 9 04 © 0. O © © a mm n « © ©9 © © © mm n © © O CM ©

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o o o O m* 04 . 04 CM CM © © © © © © © © n © © © © © ©

9©X

t- o o 9 9 « H © © © © 04 6 9 N. © © 04 o © « * 04 9 0- © 04 2 o CM © © © « 0 9 o O •• 04 © © © » « N © © 9 o

III— • ••••••••••••••••••••••••• < u.

O o O © o © o o o o o o o o o o o o © o o © o o o o

O o o o o o o o o o o o © o o o o o o o o o o o © o O B O o o o o o o o o o o e o o o o e o o o o o o o o o

X 04 04 CM CM 04 04 CM 04 CM 04 04 CM CM CM 04 01 CM 04 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM © © © © © tn © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © tn tn n ©

m — o © o » o © © © o n o » o © o © © n o © o n o © o 10 X u mm mm CM CM © © m © © « « K 0- © « 9 9 © o mm CM CM M UJ » in

122

Figure

2.

Computer

output

from

batch

run

of

Example
o o O

O o o O o o O

O

O o O o o O o o o o O 9 o o o O o 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 o 9 9 a CD a K a a a a a © a

tn * o CD

O Of o a o (M o a

©

©

©

aNKa

K

© ffl o tn

a

<M (M

a CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

© o o o © o o o 9 9 9 9 9 O o o o o o o o o 9 9 9 © 9 © o o o o 9 o o o O 9 © 9 9 Q o o o o O o o 9 9 O 9 9 9 9 o a a CM K a a « 9 a a a

mrn mm CM CM

a tn

a

aa

aH

a • • • • • • • • • • • • • m tn 10 a a a a a a a a a a a K K N a K K a a K 8 a a © a a o N a « o •a CM a a a a a a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • n co (0 a a

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM a a a a 8 a «a a a a CM a mm a CM m a a a a a 9 x* CM a a a a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 9 mm CM a a a ** a a 9 mm CM a © N a K K K N. a a a a © tn a Of m * a a Of a mm a * K a a a a a a a a a a a 9 o a o Of * a a o 0J * a a © Of

fn ro

a * a * a

a

a

a

a

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t
U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publ ication Date BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions) NBSIR 82-2578 September 1982

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

CALCULATING AVAILABLE SAFE EGRESS TIME (ASET) - A COMPUTER PROGRAM AND USER’S GUIDE

5. AUTHOR(S)

Leonard Y. Cooper and David W. Stroup

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS. see in stru ction s) 7. Contract/Grant No.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 8. Type of Report & Period Covered

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRtSS (Street. City. State, ZIP)

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

j~

X

Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most si gn i fi cant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here) In the event of a fire in a building compartment the time available for occupants to

safely evacuate the compartment, the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET), depends on the

time of fire detection and on the time of the onset of hazardous conditions. In

order to estimate these two times a dynamic simulation of the developing fire

environment in the compartment is required. Also required are specific criteria for

the simulation of detection and onset of hazard. A user oriented computer program

which carries out the required simulations and provides estimates for the ASET has

been developed. This document provides a listing of the program and a manual for its

use. For fire growth in a particular fuel assembly, a single program run can be used

to evaluate the ASET from enclosures (which are assumed to contain the fuel assembly)

of different heights and areas, and under a variety of different detection and hazard

criteria. The program can be used in either an interactive or batch mode. It is

written in ANSI Fortran and requires no computer specific subroutines.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

Combustion products; compartment fires; egress; fire detection; fire growth;

hazard analysis; mathematical models; room fires; smoke movement; tenability limits.

13. AVAILABILITY

[ y1 Uni imited

| 1 For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

| j Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

137

15. Price

Qjj] Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161 $13.50

USCOMM-OC 6043-PS0
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