NASA/TM--2000-209891, Vol. 149

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Andrea Papagno, Editors

Volume 149

BOREAS TE-7 Dendrology Data

T.M.L. Varem-Sanders and I.D. Campbell

Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010005813 2018-05-14T14:53:53+00:00Z
Available from:

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

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National Technical Information Service

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BOREAS TE-7 Dendrology Data

T.M.L. Varem-Sanders, I.D. Campbell

Summary

The BOREAS TE-7 team collected data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret

information on the sapflow and dendrology of boreal vegetation. This data set contains dendrology

measurements, consisting of tree ring width and density taken at several points within each ring.

Measurements were taken near the TE towers at the OJP and OBS sites in NSA. In the SSA,

measurements were taken near the TE towers at the MIX, OBS, and OJP sites; at the AIM-13 and

BMH-9 sites; and near the TF-YJP site. All data were collected during the summer of 1994.

Note that the TE-7 dendrology data are not contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM series. An

inventory listing is supplied on the CD-ROM set to inform users of the data that were collected. See

Section 15 for information about how to acquire actual data files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

I 0) Errors

I !) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TE-07 Dendrology Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

Field studies of X-ray densitometry analysis of samples were taken by the Terrestrial Ecology

(TE)-07 team as part of the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) during the summer of

1994.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The objective of this research was to perform densitometry analysis as part of the BOREAS

allometry program, which was aimed at developing allometric equations for tree volume increment for

use in forest growth models.

Page 1
1.4 Summary of Parameters

Tree Summary Data on the BOREAS Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM): Each record

includes the tree id, plot id, species, tree diameter taken at breast height, height from the ground to the

base of the crown, tree height, basic density factor, and image condition.

TIFF Images on the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) CD-ROM: Each image file is a series of X-ray

images of a particular tree.

Report Files on the CFS CD-ROM: Density and Width Summary includes year of the ring, fresh

ring width, relative latewood width, maximum ring density, minimum ring density, average ring

density. Raw Profile includes density of each pixel and the year of the ring.

1.5 Discussion

Samples were collected from tower sites used for gas flux experiments. In the Northern Study

Area (NSA), the TE towers at the Old Jack Pine (OJP) and Old Black Spruce (OBS) sites were visited.

In the Southern Study Area (SSA), samples were collected from the TE tower at Mixed wood (MIX),

Aspen Immature Medium (AIM)- 13, Tower Flux (TF) Young Jack Pine (YJP), and the TE towers at

black spruce mature high (BMH)-9 and at OJP. Detailed information about each site can be found in

Halliwell and Apps (1997a,b,c). Dendrology data were collected from 75 trees. The trees ranged from

1.85 m to 18.3 m in height and included 29 jack pine (Pinus banksiana), 33 black spruce (Picea

mariana), 8 white spruce (Picea glauca), and 10 trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). The samples

used here are replicates of samples used by Gower et al. (1997) for the development of volume

allometric equations. Not all samples used by Gower have been included, due to the magnitude of the

project: some samples were lost in transit, destroyed in processing, or received with illegible or

incorrect labels. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the data included in this data set.

The images and report files are stored on the CD-ROM provided free of charge by the CFS at this

address:

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Forest Service

Northern Forest Centre

5320 - 122 Street

Edmonton, Alberta

T6H 3S5

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TE-06 AIIometry Data

BOREAS TE-06 Biomass and Foilage Area Data

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

T.M.L. Varem-Sanders

I.D. Campbell

2.2 Title of Investigation

Climate Change Effects on Net Primary Productivity of Productivity of Aspen and Jack Pine at the

Southern Limit of the Boreal Forest

Page 2
2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

T.M.L. Varem-Sanders

Canadian Forest Service

Northern Forestry Centre

5320-122 Street

Edmonton, Alberta

T6H 3S5

Canada

tvarem@nofc.forestry.ca

Contact 2:

I.D. Campbell

Canadian Forest Service

Northern Forestry Centre

5320-122 Street

Edmonton, Alberta

T6H 3S5

Canada

icampbel@nrcan.gc.ca

Contact 3:

Andrea Papagno

Raytheon ITSS

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-3134

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Andrea.Papagno@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

X-ray densitometry enables the simultaneous measurement of ring width and density at several points

within each ring. Ring width data are required to calculate volume increment, while wood density is a

critical variable affecting wood quality (Jozsa and Middleton, 1994). Biomass increment calculations

also require both ring width and density data.

Tree ring widths have often been used to determine the sensitivity of tree growth to climate and

other environmental factors (Fritts, 1976). Similarly, tree density has been shown to be highly

sensitive to climate and other factors, and in closed boreal forest stands, where ring width is often only

weakly sensitive to climate, ring density has been shown to be much more strongly linked to climate

(Jozsa et al., 1984).

Page 3
4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

TE and TF towers were used to access the trees. Disks were cut from selected trees at the base of

the tree, at breast height, at the base of the live crown, and at regular 2-m intervals along the entire

stem.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

An optical gray-scale desktop scanner was used under laboratory conditions.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

None given.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Tree Summary Data on the BOREAS CD-ROM: The overall summary data includes the tree id, plot

id, species, tree diameter taken at breast height, height from the ground to the base of the crown, tree

height, basic density factor, and image condition.

TIFF Images on the CFS CD-ROM: Each image file is a series of X-ray images of a particular tree.

Report Files on the CFS CD-ROM: Density and Width Summary includes year of the ring, fresh

ring width, relative latewood width, maximum ring density, minimum ring density, average ring

density. Raw Profile includes density of each pixel and the year of the ring.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The images were photographically enlarged by a factor of 2x, and the prints were scanned using a

600-dots per inch (dpi) (optical) gray-scale desktop scanner. After further analysis (explained in

Section 5), the images provided were rescanned from the original negatives using a 2000-dpi (optical)

desktop scanner.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

None given.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

None given.

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

The calibration wedge specifications are:

Thickness at the thick end: 0.3797 cm

Thickness at the thin end (inside the wire): 0.0290 cm

Length (to the inside of the wire) : 5.194 cm

Calibration constant: 0.7438 g/cm 3

Corrected calibration constant: 0.7069 g/cm 3

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

None given.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Not applicable.

Page 4
5. Data Acquisition Methods

Sampling was conducted during the summer of 1994. Disks were cut from selected trees at selected

sites, at the base of the tree, at breast height, at the base of the live crown, and at regular 2-m intervals

along the entire stem.

These disks were measured in the field to obtain a fresh (or green) diameter. On arrival in

Edmonton, they were air-dried and remeasured. The disks were then reduced to sticks about 5 cm

wide and 3 cm thick, passing through the pith and thus including two complete radii at 180 ° from each

other.

The sticks were then further reduced to thin slivers about 6 mm wide and 1.5 mm thick. One of the

two slivers from each disk included the pith; the other did not. In some cases, particularly for

small-diameter disks or disks that had cracked extensively on drying, only one sliver was obtained.

The thickness of each sliver was measured at several points using calipers. These slivers were then

wrapped in cloth and subjected to extraction of volatiles by repealed soaking in water and in a mixture

of cyclohexane and ethanol. After removal from the extraction, the slivers were pressed into a slight

curve, to accommodate the parallax in the X-ray chamber.

The slivers were arranged in sets in the X-ray chamber; each set was accompanied by the same

calibrated precision-cut plastic wedge. This wedge is of sufficient thickness at one end to intercept

more X-rays than the densest 2-ram-thick wood samples, and tapers to a nearly perfect knife-edge. A

thin wire is attached to the thin end to mark it on the X-ray images. See Section 4.2.1 for the

specifications for this wedge. This method enables researchers to calculate density from the gray-value

of the X-ray image at any point yielding the same gray-value as the point in the wood for which the

density is desired. The thickness of the wedge at this point is determined by interpolation from the

position of this point between the thick end of the wedge and the inside of the wire. If the wood is

assumed to be completely dry, the thickness of the wedge at this point is multiplied by the calibration

constant to obtain the mass of the wood per cm2 at that point. This number is then divided by the

thickness of the wood sample:

wedge thickness * calibration constant

Wood density .... (i)

wood thickness

In practice, most wood samples are believed to have been processed with about 6% moisture content;

thus, a calibration constant corrected for humidity should be used. The corrected calibration constant

used for 6% wood moisture content was 0.7069 g/cm3.

The images were photographically enlarged by a factor of 2x, and the prints were scanned using a

600-dpi (optical) gray-scale desktop scanner. DendroScan, the software written for the analysis of

X-ray images of tree rings (Varem-Sanders and Campbell, 1996), was used to analyze the resulting

digital files.

Each sliver was then cross-dated, first with the other sliver from the same disk, with other samples

from the same tree, then with other samples from the same site, and ultimately with samples from other

sites, to ensure the proper identification of ring boundaries. From the approximately 1,000 disks

received at the Northern Forest Centre, an estimated 1,500 slivers were processed, representing 938

disks from 75 trees.

The images provided on the CFS CD-ROM were rescanned from the original negatives using a

2000-dpi (optical) desktop scanner. Due to space constraints, not all were scanned at 2000 dpi;

samples with wide rings were often scanned at a lower resolution. The images are stored on the

CD-ROM provided free of charge by CFS at this address:

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Forest Service

Northern Forest Centre

5320 - 122 Street

Edmonton, Alberta

T6H 3S5

Page 5
6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

None given.

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The measurement sites and associated North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates are"

• MIX TE tower site, site id D9IIM, Lat/Long: 53.7254 N, 105.20643 W, Universal

Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone: 13, N: 5952989.7, E: 486379.7.

• OBS TE tower site, site id G814T, Lat/Long: 53.98717 N, 105.11779 W, UTM Zone: 13, N:

5982100.5, E: 492276.5.

• OJP TE tower site, site id G2L3T, Lat/Long: 53.91634 N, 104.69203 W, UTM Zone: 13, N:

5974257.5, E: 520227.7.

• AIM-13 site, site id B9B7A, Lat/Long: 53.59098 N, 106.18693 W, UTM Zone: 13, N:

5938447.2, E: 421469.8.

• BMH-9 site, site id G6K8S, Lat/Long: 53.94446 N, 104.759 W, UTM Zone: 13, N:

5977146.9, E: 515847.9.

• YJP TF tower site, site id F8L6T, Lat/Long: 53.87581 N, 104.64529 W, UTM Zone: 13, N:

5969762.5, E: 523320.2.

• OJP TE tower site, site id T7Q8T, Lat/Long: 55.92842 N, 98.62396 W, UTM Zone 14,

N:6198176.3, E:523496.2.

• OBS TE tower site, site id T3R8T, Lat/Long: 55.88007 N, 98.48139 W, UTM Zone 14,

N:6192853.4, E:532444.5.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Not applicable.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

These data include information about all of the tree rings present in the samples (collected during

the summer of 1994). This encompasses all of the years that the trees lived until 1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None given.

Page 6
7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Yearly data from tree ring analyses.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the inventory file on the BOREAS CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

MEASUREMENT YEAR

TREE ID

PLOT ID

SPECYES

TREE DIAMETER BREAST HT

HEIGHT TO CROWN BASE

TREE HEIGHT

BASIC DENSITY FACTOR

IMAGE CONDITION

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The TIFF images on the CFS CD-ROM contain a series of X-ray images of a pa_icular tree. The

repoa files on the CFS CD-ROM are: Density and Width Summary includes year of the ring, fresh

ring width, relative latewood width, maximum ring density, minimum ring density, average ring

density. Raw Profile includes density of each pixeland the year of the ring.

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the inventory file on the BOREAS CD-ROM are:

Column Name

..............................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

MEASUREME_.;T YEAR

TREE ID

PLOT ID

SPECIES

TREE DIAMETER BREAST HT

HEIGHT TO CROWN BASE

Description

...............................

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIIi is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The year in which the data were collected.

Identifier of the mapped tree or plant stem.

The identifier for the plot from which the

measurement came.

Botanical (Latin) name of the species (Genus

species).

The diameter of the tree at breast height (137

cm) above the ground.

The height from the ground to the base of the

Page 7
TREE HEIGHT

BASIC DENSITY FACTOR

IMAGE CONDITION

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

live tree crown.

The height of the tree.

The factor used to convert oven-dry wood density

to basic wood density. Oven-dry density is

oven-dry mass (less than 0.1% water) per oven-dry

volume. Basic density represents dry mass per

fresh volume.

A qualitative assessment of the image contained

in the associated TIFF file.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the inventory file on the BOREAS CD-ROM

are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

MEASUREMENT YEAR [unitless]

TREE ID [none]

PLOT ID [none]

SPECIES [none]

TREE DIAMETER BREAST HT [meters]

HEIGHT TO CROWN BASE-- [meters]

TREE HEIGHT [meters]

BASIC DENSITY FACTOR [unitless]

IMAGE--CONDITION [none]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the inventory file onthe BOREAS CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

MEASUREMENT YEAR

TREE ID

PLOT ID

SPECTES

TREE DIAMETER BREAST HT

HEIGHT TO CROWN BASE

TREE HEIGHT

BASIC DENSITY FACTOR

IMAGE CONDITION

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Data Source

.......................................

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

[Human Observer]

[Human Observer]

[Human Observer]

[Human Observer]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Human Observer]

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

Page 8
7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the inventory file on the

BOREAS CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

................................................................................

SITE NAME NSA-OES-FLXTR SSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TE07-TRE01 9TE07-TRE01 None None None None

MEASUREMENT YEAR- 94 94 None None None None

TREE ID 1 80 None None None None

PLOT ID N/A N/A None None None None

SPECIES N/A N/A None None None None

TREE DIAMETER BREAST .008 .206 None None None None

m _ _

HT

HEIGHT TO CROWN BASE 0 12.7 None None None None

TREE HEIGHT 1.85 19.09 None None None None

BASIC DENSITY FACTOR .822 .951 None None None None

IMAGE--CONDITION N/A N/A None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 09-FEB-99 09-FEB-99 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that. parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

................................................................................

Page 9
7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the BOREAS

CD-ROM.

SITE NAME, SUB SITE,MEASUREMENT YEAR, TREE ID,PLOT ID,SPECIES,

TREE DIAMETER BREAST HT, HEIGHT TO CROWN BASE, TREE HEIGHT,BASIC_DENSITY_FACTOR,

IMAGE CONDITION,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'NSA-OJP-FLXTR', '9TE07-TRE01',94,1, 'NSA-OJP-TF', 'Pinus banksiana',0 104,3.35,

9.53,0.9, 'High confidence in the width and density numbers reported ', 'CPI',

9-Feb-99

'NSA-OJP-FLXTR' '9TE07-TRE01',94,2, 'NSA-OJP-TF', 'Pinus banksiana',0 121,2.5,

i0.12,0.916, 'High confidence in the width and density numbers reported.', 'CPI',

9-Feb-99

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of overall summary data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS)

was the data collected at a given site on a given date.

The images and report files stored on the CFS CD-ROM can be obtained free of charge at this

address:

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Forest Service

Northern Forest Centre

5320 - 122 Street

Edmonton, Alberta

T6H 3S5

8.2 Data Format(s)

The CD-ROM inventory listing file consists of numerical and character fields of varying length

separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks.There are no

spaces between the fields.

TIFF Images: The CFS CD-ROM contains compressed TIFF images of tree ring scans that can be

decompressed using PKUNZIP, WINZIP, or other ZIP software. This software is not provided on

the CD-ROM, but it can be obtained as shareware from many sites on the internet.

Report files: The CFS CD-ROM contains report files which are extracted using a menu driven

utility provided on the CD-ROM. There are two types of report files: Density and Width Summary and

Raw Profile. These files are stored on the CD-ROM in DendroScan format, which is a special binary

format. After running the extraction utility provided, the files can be opened using spreadsheet

software.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

If the wood is assumed to be completely dry, the thickness of the wedge at this point can be

multiplied by the calibration constant to obtain the mass of the wood per cm2 at that point. This number

is then divided by the thickness of the wood sample:

Page 10
wedge thickness * calibration constant

Wood density ....................................... (I)

wood thickness

In practice, most wood samples are believed to have been processed with about 6% moisture content;

thus, a calibration constant corrected for humidity should be used (See Section 5).

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

• Sample collection

• Thin slicing

• Extraction

• X-ray

• Scanning and marking

• DendroScan

• Reports and graphs

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None given.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None given.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Several trees were sampled in a way that was not conducive to X-ray densitometry analysis. As the

X-rays pass through the sample, it is important that the parallax be minimized to avoid blurring of the

final image. This is accomplished by cutting the disk at a right angle to the stem, ensuring that the

structure of the tree rings is perpendicular to the plane of the disk. Of the 80 trees sampled, several

were found to have been cut at a distinct angle to this ideal orientation. Although in many cases it was

ossible to correct this in the laboratory using the thickness of the disk to adjust the angle, there were

ve trees for which the disks were too thin to make this correction.

The X-ray densitometry laboratory and our techniques were under continual development during

the processing of these samples. Although many samples have been at least partly reprocessed to

compensate for this evolution, it should be noted that the relative humidity control in the X-ray

laboratory was not adequate during the time most of these samples were processed. Although this does

not affect the relative densities within the samples on the individual X-ray images, the absolute density

values may have as much as a 5% error due to humidity variations in the laboratory between X-ray

sessions. This does not affect the density of the calibration wedge, which is a nonhygroscopic plastic.

10.2 Quality Assessment

Page 11
10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Not all samples used by Gower have been included, due to the magnitude of the project; some

samples were lost in transit, destroyed in processing, or received with illegible or incorrect labels.

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the data included in this data set and on the

CD-ROM provided by CFS.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

See Section 10.1.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

See Section 10.1.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11. Notes

ll.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

The data are provided freely for general use. Researchers intending to make extensive use of the

data or encountering difficulties with the material on the CFS CD-ROM are asked to contact the

authors.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

The images and report files are stored on the CD-ROM provided free of charge by CFS at this

address:

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Forest Service

Northern Forest Centre

5320 - 122 Street

Edmonton, Alberta

T6H 3S5

12. Application of the Data Set

This data set can be used to study the dendrology of the boreal forest.

None given.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

Page 12
14. Software

14.1 Software Description

DendroScan, the software written for the analysis of X-ray images of tree rings (Varem-Sanders

and Campbell, 1996), was used to analyze the resulting digital files.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

15. Data Access

The dendrology data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System

(EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: omldaac@ornl.gov or oml@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.oml.gov/l and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

The images and report files stored on the CFS CD-ROM are provided free of charge by CFS at this

address:

Natural Resources Canada

Canadian Forest Service

Northern Forest Centre

5320 - 122 Street

Edmonton, Alberta T6H 3S5

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is theprimary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

Page 13
16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

TIFF images and DendroScan files containing the report files.

Although the inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual dendrology data are

not. See Section 15 for information about how to obtain the data.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None given.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Fritts, H.C. 1976. Tree Rings and Climate. Academic Press, New York, New York.

Gower, S.T., J.G. Vogel, J.M. Norman, C.J. Kucharik, S.J. Steele, and T.K. Stow. 1997. Carbon

distribution and aboveground net primary production in aspen, jack pine, and black spruce stands in

Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research 102(D24): 29,029-29,041.

Halliwell, D.H. and M.J. Apps. 1997a. BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Biometry

and Auxiliary Sites: Locations and Descriptions. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For.

Cent., Edmonton, Alberta.

Halliwell, D.H. and M.J. Apps. 1997b. BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Biometry

and Auxiliary Sites: Overstory and Understory Data. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For.

Cent., Edmonton, Alberta.

Halliwell, D.H. and M.J. Apps. 1997c. BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Biometry

and Auxiliary Sites: Soils and Detritus Data. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For. Cent.,

Edmonton, Alberta.

Jozsa, L.A. and G.R. Middleton. 1994. A Discussion of Wood Quality Attributes and their Practical

Implications. Forintek Can. Corp., Vancouver, British Columbia. Special Publication SP-34.

Jozsa, L.A., M.L. Parker, P.A. Bramhall, and S.G. Johnson. 1984. How Climate Affects Tree

Growth in the Boreal Forest. Environ. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For. Res. Cent., Edmonton,

Alberts. Inf Rep. NOR-X-255.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Page 14
Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1994

Operations.NASABOREASReport(OPSDOC94).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASABOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F.Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G.denHartog,J.Cihlar,M.G.Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.Ranson,D. Lettenmaier,andD.E.Wickland.1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfromthe1994fieldyear.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black,D. Baldocchi,J.Berry,M. Ryan,K.J.Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar,J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell,D. Williams,B.Goodison,D.E.Wickland,andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Varem-Sanders, T.M.L. and I.D. Campbell. 1996. DendroScan: Tree-Ring Width and Density

Measurement System. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For. Cent., Edmonton, Alberta.

Spec. Rep. 10.

Varem-Sanders, T.M.L. and I.D. Campbell. 1998. BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

biometry and auxiliary sites: X-ray densitometry of tree allometry samples. Canadian Forest Service:

Northern Forestry Centre.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None given.

18. Glossary of Terms

AIM

ASCII

BFTCS

BMH

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

CFS

DAAC

DOY

DPI

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

IFC

MIX

19. List of Acronyms

- Aspen Immature Medium

- American Standard Code for Information

- Boreal Forest Transect Case Study

- Black Spruce Mature High

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read Only memory

- Canadian Forest Service

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Julian Day of Year

- Dots Per Inch

- Earth Observing System

- EC, S Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- Intensive Field Campaign

- Mixed Wood

Interchange

Page 15
NAD 83

NASA

NOAA

NSA

OA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

RSS

S

SSA

TE

TF

URL

UTM

VPD

YJP

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Remote Sensing Science

- Sap Flux Density

- Southern Study Area

- Terrestrial Ecology

- Tower Flux

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Universal Transverse Mercator

- Vapor Pressure Deficit

- Young Jack Pine

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 07-Dec- 1998

Last Updated: 30-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 22-Dec- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

T.M.L. Varem-Sanders and I.D. Campbell, both of the Canadian Forest Service at the Northern

Forestry Centre.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 16

Form Approved

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB NO. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintainingthe data needed, and completingand reviewing the co_ection of information. Send comments regardingthis burden estimate or any otheraspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions forreducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for tnformationOperations and ReDorts, 1215Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204. Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget. Paperwork Reduction Project [0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

October 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TE-7 Dendrology Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

T.M.L. Varem-Sanders and I.D. Campbell

Forrest G. Hall and Andrea Papagno, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10.SPONSORING/MONITORING

AGENCYREPORTNUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vo1.149

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

T.M.L. Varem-Sanders and I.D. Campbell: Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;

A. Papagno: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION J AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Unclassified-Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301 ) 621-0390.

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TE-7 team collected data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret

information on the sapflow and dendrology of boreal vegetation. This data set contains dendrology

measurements, consisting of tree ring width and density taken at several points within each ring.

Measurements were taken near the TE towers at the OJP and OBS sites in NSA. In the SSA, measurements were taken near the TE towers at the MIX, OBS, and OJP sites; at the AIM-13 and BMH-9

sites; and near the TF-YJP site. All data were collected during the summer of 1994.

14, SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, terrestrial ecology, dendrology.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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Unclassified

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Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

16

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20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT'

UL

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