NBSIR 76-1152

Report to AID on an NBS/AID

Workshop on Standardization

and Measurement Services

Edited by:

H. Steffen Peiser

Joan Cornish

Charles C. Raley

Office of International Relations

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

Held September 20 - October 3, 1975

Issued March 1 977

The Workshop was conducted as a part of the program under the

US/NBS Agency for International Development PASA TA (CE) 5-71

.

Prepared for

Agency for International Development

Department of State

Washington, D.C. 20523

NBSIR 76-1152

REPORT TO AID ON AN NBS/AID

WORKSHOP ON STANDARDIZATION

AND MEASUREMENT SERVICES

Edited by:

H. Steffen Peiser

Joan Cornish

Charles C. Raley

Office of International Relations

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D C. 20234

Held September 20 - October 3, 1975

Issued March 1 977

The Workshop was conducted as a part of the program under the

US/NBS/Agency for International Development PASA TA (CE) 5-71.

Prepared for

Agency for International Development

Department of State

Washington, D.C. 20523

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

PREFACE

The coordinated program of the National Bureau of Standards, in

support of the Agency for International Development, to assist

industrializing countries and regions of the world with their goals in

standardization, quality control, and other technical measurement

problems, has included annual workshops in the U.S.A. to show and

illustrate how standardization and technical measurement services are

provided to industry, government agencies, and the U. S. public.

Whereas previous reports of these Workshops! have described the

character and the program elements in some detail, only a summary is

here presented.

A small number of participants with major technical responsibilities

in standardization or measurement services in their own countries are

invited to spend two weeks in the U.S.A. The first week they remain in

Washington. Subsequently, they tour some key centers elsewhere in the

U.S.A. During that first week the major programs of NBS are described

and so are those of other selected federal agencies with major

functions in standardization and measurement services. Distinguished

sneakers give after-dinner discourses of general but related interest.

During the second week the Workshop participants visit selected

private sector standards writing organizations, universities, and

research institutions supporting development activities, industrial

companies with strong quality control programs, and test laboratories.

The program is typically demanding and full. NBS encourages

participants to select much U.S. standards literature and standard

reference materials to be sent to their home institutions for

effective use in their own countries. During the Workshop each

participant delivers a paper to the group on a topic connected with

standards of metrology in his home country. Existing services,

problems and opportunities are described and debated by the group.

These papers are reproduced in this renort without the discussion.

The following countries were represented in this year’s Workshop. An

asterisk indicates countries taking part for the first time in this

series

Afghanistan*

Brazil

Chile

Colombia*

Dominican Republic*

Egypt*

Jordan*

Korea

Nicaragua*

+ Workshops held April 23-28, 1972 (NBS Report 10 901); May 4-18, 1973

(NBSIR 73-275); May 11-24, 1974, (NBSIR 74-550); November 3-16, 1974

(NBSIR 75-769)

i
The l

T .S. National Conference of Standards Laboratories (NCSL) invited

general representation from abroad for the first time to its annual

Seminar held this year at NBS Boulder, Colorado. These circumstances

provided a special opportunity for the NBS/AID Workshop to attend the

major part of the NCSL meeting.

During the first week, the evening discourses included a brief

introduction to AID and its cooperation with NBS by Mr. John C. Fry,

Deputy Director, Office of Science and Technology of the Technical

Assistance Bureau; an outstanding portrayal of the U.S. Geological

Survey by the Chief of its Office of International Geology,

Dr. J. A. Reinemund; and a fascinating description of the formative

stages of the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, by its

Deputy Director, Dr. D. V. De Simone, formerly an NBS employee, Director

of the Metric Study, and former Chief of the NBS Office of Inventions

and Innovations.

Luncheon presentations were given by a sample of sister agencies:

1) the Food and Drug Administration by Dr. F. L. Kauffman,

Assistant Director for Manufacturing Practices;

2) the National Technical Information Service,

Ms. V. A. Dowd, Special Assistant to the Director

for Promotion; and

3) the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Dr. G. C. Nichols,

Special Assistant to the Chairman for International Affairs.

NBS is fortunate again to have received enthusiastic support of these

agencies. Of great importance to the success of the Workshop were the

receptions that were accorded to us at:

1) the Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc.,

2) the American National Standards Institute, Inc.,

3) the Research Triangle Institute,

4) the Georgia Institute of Technology,

5) the Southwest Research Institute,

6) the International Business Machines Corporation,

7) the Burroughs Wellcome Company, and

8) the University of Texas at San Antonio.

ii
In addition, the American Society for Testing and Materials gave us a

special program at NBS in order to save travel time for the Workshop

participants

The Workshop participants, by their own initiative suggested an

evaluation questionnaire for participants to complete. These answers

are condensed in Appendix I. Almost all participants gave us the

benefit of their evaluations.

For the first time, participants contributed to the. cost of their

Workshop attendance. NF<S and AID are appreciative of this

demonstration of interest. However, there is a deeper sense of

gratitude that I personally want to express. I am responsible for

making the program so full and concentrated with so many diverse

influences and tonics that attendance is a physical and mental

hardship. I cannot expect senior officials to be able to spare more

than two weeks from their posts. A less diversified workshop would

fall short of fulfilling our visitors' expectations. My choice was to

arrange a very crowded program.

The participants did understand. I thank them very much.

F. Steffen Peiser

Chief

Office of International Relations

iii
iv
MBS /AID WORKSHOP

on

STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT SERVICES

Group Photograph Taken at NBS Gaithersburg Laboratories

First Row, Left to Right:

Dr. Hugo Brangier M. , Mr. Abder Rahman El-Keilani

Dr. Josefina Espaillat Duran, Mr. Taj Mohammad Yarmand,

Dr. Edward L. Brady

Back Row, Left to Right:

Mr. Charles B. Phucas , + Mr. Ricardo Florez, Dr. Anwar El-Tawil,

Dr. Enrique Guerrero L. , Mr. Jorge Enrique Barrios,

Mr. H. Steffen Peiser,+ Mr. Charles C. Raley,

Mrs. H. Steffen Peiser, Mrs. F. M. Bullman,T

Mrs. E. Joanne Mejeur,t Mr. Chong-Min Lee, Mr. Sher Muhammad*

(t) NBS

(*) Visitor from USAID, Islamabad
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE, Mr. H. Steffen Peiser, Chief, Office of

International Relations, National Bureau of Standards,

Washington, D.C., United States . i

Photograph iv

Photograph identification v

Program of Workshop 1

STANDARDIZATION IN AFGHANISTAN, Mr. Taj Mohammad Yarmand,

General Director, Norms and Standards Department, Ministry

of Mines and Industries, Kabul, Afghanistan 6

TOE STATE OF SAO PAULO PROGRAM FOR SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY - PROCET (SCIENCE A!ID TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM)

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION, Mr. Ricardo Florez, Architect,

Institute for Technological Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil 13

A NATIONAL CERTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR CHILE,

Dr. Hugo Brangier M. , Executive Director, National

Institute of Standardization, Santiago, Chile ^5

STANDARDIZATION IN COLOMBIA, Mr. Jorge Enrique Barrios,

Chief, Chemistry Division, Colombian Institute of

Technical Standards, Bogota, Colombia 53

SECTION ON WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS,

Dr. Josefina Espaillat Duran, Under-Secretary of State

for Industry and Commerce, Head, Standardization and

Duality Control Department, Santo Domingo, Dominican

Republic. 55

SOME ASPECTS OF STANDARDIZATION AID MEASUREMENT IN

EGYPT, Dr. Anwar El-Tawil, Chief, Industrial Metrologv

Division, Egyptian Organization for Standardization,

Cairo, Egypt.... 58

vi
STANDARDIZATION IN JORDAN, Mr. Abder Rahman El-Keilani,

Head, Weights and Measurement Section, Directorate of

Standards and Metrology, Ministry of Industry and Trade,

Amman, Jordan.... 64

SOME NISRI PROJECTS FOR STRENGTHENING NATION-WIDE

TECHNICAL SUPPORT CAPABILITIES OF KOREA'S NATIONAL

RESEARCH £ TESTING ORGANIZATIONS, Mr. Chong Min Lee,

Chief, Planning Division, National Industrial Standards

Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea 68

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN NICARAGUA, Dr. Enrigue Guerrero L.,

Chief, Food and Quality Control Division, Ministry of

Economy, Industry, and Commerce, Managua, Nicaragua

APPENDIX I WORKSHOP EVALUATION STATEMENTS 89

APPENDIX II WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS AND BIOGRAPHICAL DATA 99

vii

National Bureau of Standards

Agency for International Development

Workshop on Standardization and Measurement Services

September 19, Friday

PM Park Central Hotel

Washington, D.C.

September 20, Saturday

12:00 Noon Reception and Lunch

Hosts: Dr. E. L. Brady, Associate Director

for Information Programs;

Mr. H. S. Peiser, Chief,

Office of International Relations

PM Free

September 21, Sunday

AM Free

PM Holiday Inn

Gaithersburg, MD

5:00 PM Dinner - USAID Programs Presentation,

Mr. J. C. Fry, Deputy Director,

Office of Science and Technology

September 22, Monday

9 : 00 AM - 9:15 AMGreetings, Dr. E. Ambler

Acting Director, NBS

9:15 AM - 9:45 AMNBS Overview, Dr. E. L. Brady

9 : 45 AM - 10:15 AMWorkshop Introduction, Mr. H.3. Peiser

10:15 AM - 10:30 AM

Break

10:30 AM - 12:00 Noon

Plenary Session - Speeches by

participants on programs, problems

and opportunities in standards and

measurement in home countries

1
12:00

2:00

Noon

PM

Lunch - Presentation, Mr. H. S. Peiser

The International Activities of NBS

2:00

3:00

PM - PMMetric Information Office, Mr. J. V. Odom,

Chief

. 3:00

3:15

PM - PM

Break

3:15

4:00

PM - PMStandards Information and Analysis,

Dr. L. Eicher, Chief

4:00

5:00

PM - PMOffice of Weights and Measures,

Mr. H. F. Wollin, Chief

6:30 PM Dinner - Presentation by Dr. J.A.Reinemund,

Chief, Office of International Geology,

U.S. Geological Survey

September 23, Tuesday

9:00

10:15

AM - AM

American Society for Testing and Materials,

Mr. S. F. Etris, Special Assistant to

Managing Director of National Affairs

10:15

10:30

Ail - AMBreak

10:30

12:00

AM - NoonTour of NBS Campus

12:00

2:00

Noon • PMLunch - Food and Drug Administration

Presentation, Dr. F. L. Kauffman,

Assistant Director for Manufacturing

Practices

2:00

3:15

PM - PM

Institute for Basic Standards,

Dr. H. A. Fowler, Scientific Assistant

3:15

3:30

PM - PM

Break

3:30

5:00

PM - PM

Institute for Materials Research,

Mr. G. A. Uriano, Scientific Assistant

6:30 PM Dinner

September 24, Wednesday

Institute

Dr. N. F.

9:00 AM

10:15 AM

2

for Applied Technology,

Somes, Scientific Assistant
10:15

10:30

AM - AM

Break

10:30

12:00

AM - Noon

Institute for Computer Sciences and

Technology, Mr. G. E. Lindamood

12:00

2:00

Noon - PM

Lunch - National Technical Information

Service Presentation, Ms. V. A. Dowd,

Special Assistant to the Director for

Promotion

2:00

3:00

PM - PM

Office for Energy-Related Inventions,

Mr. J. Rabinow, Chief Evaluator

3:00

3:15

PM - PM

Break

3:15

4:00

PM - PM

Data Systems Design

Mr. J. Iiilsenrath, Chief

4:00

5:00

PM - PMOffice of Experimental Technology Incentives

Programs

,

Mr. R. T. Penn, Deputy for Operations

6:30 PM Dinner - Presentation by Dr. D.V. De Simone,

Deputy Director,

Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congres:

September 25, Thursday

9:00

11:00

AM - AM

Office of International Standards,

Mr. C. B. Phucas , Deputy to Chief;

Mr. D. E. Edgerly, Special Assistant

(Break at 10:15 AM)

11:00

11:30

AM - AMFree

11:30

11:45

AM - AM

Group Photograph

11:45

2:00

AM - PM

Lunch - Consumer Product Safety Commission

Presentation, Dr. G. C. Nichols,

Special Assistant to the Chairman for

International Affairs

2:00

3:15

PM - PM

Center for Building Technology,

Mr. N. J. Raufaste, Assistant to the Director

for Program Planning

3
3:15 PM - 4:00 PM

Farewell Reception

Host: Dr. E. Ambler

September 26 , Friday

9:30 AM Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc.

2 East End Avenue

New York, N.Y. 10021

Hosts: Mr. D. Schrum and Mr. C. Hyer

2:00 PM American National Standards Institute, Inc.

1430 Broadway

New York, N.Y. 10018

September 27, Saturday

Host: Mr. Pisciotta, Director of Technical

Operations

AM - PM

September 28, Sunday

Free

AM Free

September 29, Monday

Governor's Inn

Research Triangle Park, N.C.

AM - PM Research Triangle Institute

P.0. Box 12194

Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709

Hosts: Mr. G. R. Herbert, President;

Dr. T. Wooten, Executive Assistant

to the President

International Business Machines Corporation

Burroughs Wellcome Company

Atlanta Townehouse

Atlanta, Georgia

4
September 30, Tuesday

9:00 AM Engineering Experiment Station

Georgia Institute of Technology

Atlanta, Georgia 30332

Hosts: Prof. R. W. Hammond, Chief,

Industrial Development Division and

Prof. Kenneth S. Stephens, Head

Adaptive Technology Group

Harvest House

Boulder, Colorado

7:00 PM - 9:00 PM

Conference Registration and Reception

October 1, Wednesday

National Bureau of Standards

Boulder, Colorado 80302

8 : 15 AM - 9:00 AM

NBS - Boulder Overview, Mr.J. L. Dalke,

Chief, Office of Measurement Services

9:00 AM National Conference of Standards Laboratories

7 : 00 PM - 9:00 PMAwards Ceremony

October 2, Thursday

9:00 AM National Conference of Standards Laboratories

Menger Hotel

San Antonio, Texas

October 3, Friday

9:00 AM Southwest Research Institute

8500 Culebra Road

P.0. Drawer 28510

San Antonio, Texas 78284

Hosts: Dr. D. Black, Director, Special

Programs; Mr. H. I. Hoffman, Manager,

Central Proposal Office

also

University of Texas at San Antonio

Conclusion

5
STANDARDIZATION IN AFGHANISTAN

Mr. Taj Mohammad Yarmand

General Director

Norms and Standards Department

Ministry of Mines and Industries

Kabul, Afghanistan

Afghanistan traces its history back over 5,000 years. In the past it

was a great center of civilization. In 1919, Afghanistan received its

independence after the third Anglo-Afghan War. Presently Amanullah

Chan strives for modernization of the country. In July 1973, the

country reached its zenith of progress in the establishment of the

Republic of Afghanistan by a national hero, Mohammad Dawood.

The economy of Afghanistan is based on agriculture and small scale

industry. Major products are: fresh and dried fruits, karakul (a soft

wool from an Asian breed of sheep), handwoven carpets and rugs,

cotton, furs and a large variety of handicrafts. Afghanistan has many

kinds of minerals, which are mined, natural gas, and other resources.

More than 80% of the people, however, work in agriculture and

livestock. Industry in Afghanistan is now developing alongside

agriculture. Many consumer products, for example, cars and many raw

materials and metals, are imported into Afghanistan. The country

exports fruit, minerals and handicrafts. Afghanistan has been

striving to exploit all the underground and above ground natural

resources in order to improve the quality of its export and domestic

products.

Until 1973, Afghanistan did not have a National Bureau of Standards

which could concern itself with the study and preparation of national

standards. In September 1973, under the direction of the Government,

a new department of "Norms and Standards" was established. It is a

part of the Ministry of Mines and Industries and has the following

aims and functions:

Aims

1. To improve the effectiveness and capability

of national production in various economic sectors,

to promote the quality of production and to secure

the consistency of better production.

2. To ensure a proper relation between the quality of

production and the economic and social development of the

country.

6
3. To secure the required conditions and facilities

to promote the exportation of goods that are acceptable

for international markets.

4. To secure the required facilities to limit the

number and quality of imports.

5. To improve the conditions and provide economic incentives

for organizations determining the quality of their products.

6. To create and promote progessive and specified methods

for designing and processing of products.

7. To obtain a maximum but reasonable advantage from

products and resources, and to minimize the expenditure of

human and material resources.

8. To create suitable sanitary working conditions and to

take safety measures for various specialized tasks.

Functions

1. To plan and set up national standards for all

products and measuring methods, and their operation

and control.

2. To study and apply international standards,

according to the economic, social, cultural and

regional conditions of Afghanistan.

3. To publish and distribute approved standards,

and apply them in industries, agriculture and the

other economic fields.

4. To cooperate with industrial and scientific

organizations, with the public and private sectors,

and to consider their proposals for developing

national standards and for preparing standards for

all traditional handicrafts according to modern

progressive methods.

5. To carry out different scientific, technical and

economic investigations and research in order to

compile inventories of available technical

qualifications and standards.

6. To create cooperative relations with international

and regional standard organizations and to apply

recommendations and experience of international

organizations.

7
7. To strengthen the cooperative relationships with the

universities and with all the scientific and educational

institutes of the country.

8. To publish and issue publications on all aspects

of standardization.

9. To establish archives of national and

international standards and to provide information

and facilities for concerned individuals, producers,

and institutes.

10. To establish and maintain laboratories for the

purpose of scientific and technical investigations in

the field of standardization and the control of the

quality of product.

11. To train vocational and administrative

personnel, by organizing long and short term

service courses as well as seminars and conferences.

Personnel would also be sent to friendly countries

for increasing vocational and administrative

knowledge of standardization of the Bureau.

12. To initiate cooperation with other Ministries

and institutes, for the purpose of ensuring quality of

local products, by applying national standards

and seeking specified characteristics in collaboration

with producers, importers and exporters.

13. To give technical and scientific guidance

to producers, importers and exporters on the

specifications, standards and quality of products.

14. To compare the properties of samples of products

with the relevant standards and to issue the

privilege of the use of the standard symbol,

according to the applicable regulations.

15. To harmonize measurements in Afghanistan,

publicize the international metric system and

units and to adjust measuring instruments

according to regulations.

At present 22 graduate personnel are working in the Norms and

Standards Department, and by projections 45 will soon

be employed.

8
In accordance with existing programs of the Norms and Standards Department

of the Ministry of Mines and Industries, national standards for

textiles, cement, soap, minerals for export and vegetables will all be

developed. The Norms and Standards Department has prepared drafts of

the standards for 16 items of cotton and rayon textiles. They are the

key in determining quality and specifications of quality for these

textile products.

In Afghanistan, norms and standards are a new experience and their

impact from the scientific and economic point of view is not yet fully

felt. As a result of surveys and studies carried out by industrial

enterprises, it has been established that as a result of a lack of

norms and standards and a lack of laboratories for testing the quality

of products, low quality goods are produced from high quality raw

materials. This state of affairs not only poses an economic loss to

the producers, it also damages national economy.

In the past, various kinds of goods were imported without taking into

consideration the quality, climatic conditions and economic value of

the goods. In other words, the principles of standardization were not

taken into consideration when importing goods.

Standardization makes coordination easier between local traders,

producers, exporters and importers. It provides a boost to the

economic development of the country. Multi-directional roles of

standardization and metrology affects every walk of economic life of

the country.

Our Department of Norms and Standards hopes to establish contacts with

all the ministries in the country, Kabul University, municipal,

governmental and private enterprises, ISO (International Organization

for Standardization) , IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)

and other national bodies for standardization and metrology. The

Bureau will cooperate and make every endeavor to establish

laboratories where different domestic consumer goods could be analyzed

from the point of view of quality and their feasibility for production

in Afghanistan. Similarly , the consumer goods being imported into the

country will also be tested and analyzed in these laboratories.

The Afghan Norms and Standards Department (in cooperation with the

Education Ministry and Kabul University) hopes to popularize these

subjects of standardization, metrology and quality control. At

present these subjects of specialization are not represented. The

Department will introduce basic principles of standardization,

metrology and quality control as a subject in professional schools as

well as at university level. The course will be introduced for

students in the final year of the school.

9
The Afghan Norms and Standards Department, through proper channels,

has applied for membership in ISO and IEC. We hope to cooperate with

other national organizations for standardization in different

countries because practice shows that extension of international trade

and improving quality of products partly depends on cooperation with

other national bodies.

At present we have contact with some organizations in other countries.

I hope that my visit to the National Bureau of Standards in the United

States will bring benefits to us for developing our activities in the

future in the field of standardization and metrology and that we will

have good contacts in this important field.

10
ORGANIZATION

CHART

OF

NORMS

AND

STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT

11
ACTIVITIES

AND

RELATIONSHIP

OF

THE

NORMS

AND

STANDARDS

BUREAU

12
THE STATE OF SAO PAULO PROGRAM FOR

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - PROCET

(PROGRAMA CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA)

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Pvicardo Florez

Architect

Technological Research Institute

Sao Paulo, Brazil

I. INTRODUCTION

It is the purpose of this Report to describe the min goals of the

State of Sao Paulo Government in the overall effort to improve science

and technology, and their assessment and utilization by the Brazilian

industry. These goals are clearly stated today in many Governenent

programs being implemented, the most important of them bein°- the

Science and Technology Program, PROCET (Program Ciencia e

Tecnolocia), under the Sao Paulo State Council for Technology, CET

(Conselho Estadual de Tecn.olopia) . The author of this Report has used

freely available literature describing this and related programs.

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is providing the

State of Sao Paulo, through CET, mi th one third of the operational

budget of 040,000,000 for th--j first five years of PROCET through a loan under the spirit of the "Alliance for Progress"

Assistance Act of 1901.

and the Foreign

PROCET involves the development of a system by which. Government

resource allocations to science and technology are, to the extent

oossible, based upon the needs and opnortunities of the marhetplace.

That system is built on the existing infrastructure. The roles of the

existing institutes, governmental and private, are extremely

important

The Technological Research Institute for the State of Sao Paulo, IPT

(Instituto de Pesquisns Tecnolo^icas) , is the biggest Government

research institute in Sao Paulo, and in many aspects the largest also

in Brazil. This is due to the fact that 65% of the Brazilian gross

national product (CEP) comes from Sao Paulo State, and a bi^ portion

of that from the city of Sao Paulo itself, where the main Brazilian

industrial park, which IPT set out to serve, is located. IPT's

activities under PROCET will be described, with emphasis on the

international collaborative programs that, even if not fully

addressing all the program areas, play the most important role in many

of then.

13
II. THE TECHNOLOGICAL COUNCIL FOR THE STATE OF SAO PAULO - CET

CET HISTORY

CET was created by a State of Sao Paulo Decree (49.06G) on December

14, 1967, under the Secretary for Economics and Planning, and so operated until the end of 1974 when it was transferred as an

operational agency to the Secretary for Science, Culture, and

Technology.

CET ROLES

The principal roles of CET are to:

1. propose the technological policies for the industrial,

agricultural, biological, and chemical sectors for the

State of Sao Paulo;

2. coordinate the research activities and planning for

State Government agencies, public enterprises, or others

where the State Government is a major shareholder;

3. design technological research incentive programs for the

public and private sectors;

4. design educational incentive programs for scientists,

researchers, and technicians;

5. supervise the allocation of funds for private technological research and evaluate the results;

6. assess the evolution of Sao Paulo State in science and

technology, counseling the Government when necessary;

7. evaluate specific situations and problems concerning

the State technological and technical development;

3 . collaborate with other state or federal organizations

in national technological develooment programs; and to

9. implement scientific information exchange between

national and international institutions.

CET GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The principal goals and objectives of CET are to:

1. include technology in the expansion process of the

14
State and national economy;

2. enhance Brazil’s technological participation in the

international economical scene; and to

3. promote national research and development activities

using international standards as reference.

GET OPERATIONAL CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF ITS PB0GRAI1S

The above items cover the overall ideal goals and objectives. In

order to operate and evaluate the work being done, the following

criteria are to be considered:

1. Cost reductions in industrial products.

2. Increase in marketability of Brazilian products abroad.

3. Increase in utilization of domestic natural resources.

4. Improvement of the status of researchers in order to obtain a more stable and productive team.

5. Optimization of the utilization of financial resources

for research in order to avoid overlapping of human effort, and human and material resource utilization.

6. Enhancement of innovation and all other ways and means to

achieve foreign technology adaptation, when feasible, in

order to reduce gradually the need for import know-how.

Author's note: Item 6 may correctly describe present Government

policy. However , in the author's personal opinion this policy

eventually should be modified to one where the imported know-how is

balanced by the benefits from exported new technology.

CET ACTIVITIES - EXPECTED OUTPUTS

At the Government level, CET activities are expected to stimulate the

development, transfer, and utilization of the best technology

available in order to enhance social development for the State of Sao

Paulo and for Brazil, and to channel resources to desired goals.

For the benefit of research institutes, CET activities are expected to

build up institute potentials in coping with their market needs.

15
For producers, CET hopes to provide the basis for improvement of the

capability to select adequate technology.

CET ACTIVITIES - STRATEGY

Starting in August 1971, and under the guidance of the first Wational

Social and Econonical Development Plan - P.H.D. (Plano Wacional de

Desenvolvimento Economico e Social 1972/1974), CET has applied its own

operational procedures, following other countries’ experiences with

science and technology and paying due regard to present conditions and

opportunities in the State of Sao Paulo.

historically, Brazil, and mainly the State of Sao Paulo, went through

a major upsurge in industrial activity during the second World War,

when import substitution became an important requirement. Even before

that war, new technologies ware badly needed, but the industrial

establishments preferred to import them. The very important step

towards self-reliant industrialization took place without adequately

benefiting from the efforts of all the universities and research

institutes for development of new technologies or recognizing the need

to adapt the existing technologies to Brazil's conditions. For the 25

years that followed the import substitution policy, this neglect

continued. The result today is a lack of industrial development

coordination and effectiveness at the State level. CET now has

operational mechanisms, looking for better results, in full conformity

with Brazilian federal plans. In the following paragraphs, the author

describes in turn the major mutually supportive, but basically

independent, programs. It is well to observe that there is some

overlap in activities between these programs. In this important

respect, CET policies differ from those of some other industrializing

economies which favor stricter compartnentalization.

A survey is carried out of all research institute activities and

publications to be used as references by potential customers. The

first volume listing all such services and activities was published in

1972, and since then, periodically, twice a year.

Agreement with Research and Development Financial Organizations -

FIITEP (Financiadora de Estados e Projectos S /A$

In 1972, a Memorandum was signed between CET and FI? TEE, with the State

of Sao Paulo Government as intermediary, allocating $15,000,000 for

research and development for the next 3 years. As a result, the

"Technological Development Program", TDT (Programs de Desenvolvimento

Tecnologico) , was implemented. This program was designed to

provide financial support for research expansion in the State of Sao

Paulo for national firms, private or public, in any field of activity.

16
located within the State, for Government institutions, state

or municipal, and also universities or private research groups.

The allocation of funds had to follow the followin'’; -priority order:

1. Research for industries needing much technology.

2. Research to strengthen healthy competition between national

industries

3. Research to increase national technological and managerial

capabilities.

4. Use of Sao Paulo technical capabilities to the benefit of

other regions of Brazil.

j. Agro-industrv research.

6. Marketing research for export and domestic trade expansion.

7. Joint research with Federal institutions.

3 . Research and implementation of standards and quality control.

Technology Dissemination Program (Difusao de Tecnologia)

In a joint effort with the "Technology Information Program" (see

above), the Technology his semination Program is responsible for visits

to industries and organizing meetings and seminars to bring together

industries and research institutions.

Science and Technology Program - P.'.OCET

PROCET is being implemented by CET in Sao Paulo to expand the use of

technological services by the industrial and agro-industrial

communities and, with the State of Sao Paulo research institutions, to

strengthen them and to improve specific areas of know-how to achieve

national excellence.

State Scientific and Technological Development Fund - FURCET

( Fundo Estadual de Desenvolvinento Cientifico e Tecnologico)

FU'ICET was instituted by Decree ho. 1276 on March 14, 1973, to finance

1. research and projects in State priority areas;

2. know-how transfer programs between universities.

17
research institutes, and industry;

3. programs for build-up of human resources;

4. scientific and technological evaluation programs;

5. development of standards;

6. laboratory construction and equipment purchases

for quality control; and

7. joint scientific and technological programs with

other states.

State Scientific and Technological Information Systems - SEICT

( Sistema Estadual de. Informaqoes Cientificas e Tecnologicas )

SEICT was started in 1971 and is basically a computerized information

network linked to the national Information System - SNICT (Sistema

Tacional de Inforraacao Cientifica e Tecnologica) and, directly or

Indirectly, with international systems.

m. THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM - PROCET

Designed and managed by CET, PROCET is composed of a set of programs

and products in the areas of technological and scientific policy,

technology marketing, research management, technological information,

metallurgy, quality control certification, and food technology. It is

being implemented in Sao Paulo under the general planning efforts and

activities with the objective of achieving a continuing 9% a year

economic growth and related social, technical, and economic

development.

The preliminary research done by CET with respect to international

experience in the field of technological transfer programs showed

surprising facts. Even though many countries have achieved high

specific technological development, theories on scientific and

technological policy are scarce. In 1966, in a meeting that tool:

place in Czechoslovakia sponsored by UNESCO, it was recommended that

each country should establish its own specific science and technology

programs, commensurate to their importance and to the lack of existing

international coordination. The amount of information concerning

national science and technology policies, attitudes, and mechanisms

the world over remains small. Just a few scientific institutions,

such as the ’Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Northwestern

University, Sussex University (England), UNESCO, and a few others,

have given priority to science and technology policy studies.

18
The general approach in the world is to have scientific documents and

information available in a passive way or to have technology created

and transferred to industries by private institutions, without any

regard to prior work and to the general social and economic policies

of the community.

With nowhere to go for general assistance, CET decided to keep as

informed as possible on programs in other countries and at the same

time to start working in specific areas with different institutions in

order to achieve an ideal balance in serving the needs of the State

Govemnent. With this in mind, PROCET has been instituted. It is

made up of a set of programs, divided into projects, executed by

Brazilian research institutions assisted by well-known institutions

from abroad, each one specialized in specific technological areas,

under the supervision of CET.

PROCET PROGRAM AREAS

The present set of programs with its Brazilian institution in charge

and foreign assistant counterpart follows:

1. Scientific and technological policy - FCAV - University Foundation named after Carlos

Alberto Vanzolini (Fundacao Carlos Alberto

Vanzolini)

MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology

2. Research Management -

FU17DAD - Research Foundation for the Administration

of the Faculty of Sao Paulo University

(Fundo de Pesquisa do Instituto de Administracao da Fea)

Vanderbilt University

3. Technology Market - FCAV - Fundacao Carlos Alberto Vanzolini

SRI - Stanford Research Institute

4. Technological Information - CET (without unique counterpart institution)

5. Metallurgy - IPT ~ Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas

DRI - Denver Research Institute

6. Quality Assurance - IPT ~ Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas

MBS - national Bureau of Standards

19
7. Food Technology - ITAL - Institute for Food Technology

(Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos)

CODOT - Consortium for the Development of Technology,

University of Rhode Island

PROCET STRATEGY

The above listed programs constitute two main program areas:

1. Software - Scientific and technological policy.

Res earch management

,

Technology market, and

Technology information.

2 . Hardware - Metallurgy,

Quality assurance, and

Food technology.

The so-called "software" programs should provide ways and means to

survey, develop, institute, and implement science and technology

policies. The second program group, or the so-called "hardware",

concerns the technology itself and constitutes a small experiment in

transfer and development. Projects in that group, therefore, are

called "Demonstration Projects". The balance between both groups is

the key on which the success of PROCET xd.ll depend. Generally, it

takes a long time to achieve institutional changes and long-ranee

goals. Demonstration projects, hox^ever, provide short-term results

(up to 3 years), and allox? the management team to check such factors

as cost effectiveness, project timing, technology transfer, managerial

expertise available, and marketing potentials. The representatives of

the Brazilian industry voluntarily participating in the program xdll

receive the results of the demonstration projects. The companies

should benefit by seeing imports reduced, exports expanded, and costs

reduced for the internal market. The demonstration projects have been

selected to serve basic sectors of the Brazilian economy, such as

metallurgy and food processing. One is basic for industrial

production and the other for actual consumption. There are also

extensive programs each covering a broad range such as quality

assurance, chemical analysis, and collaborative reference programs to

building research, and food technology, reaching a large number of

economic sectors.

PROCET, nonetheless, is highly flexible x^hen it comes to including or

excluding new projects due to changes in the political national or

20
international scene or to implementing the evaluation of the results

being achieved. It is a PROCET policy that even partial results from

each project are to be used when possible without waiting for a final

answer that may take a long time to be known. The program life span

of 5 years seems to be reasonable for good planning, management, and

adjustment of policies after evaluations. It is important to give

even demonstration projects time to mature and to observe the effects

of management and policy decisions, that could not be adequately

observed in shorter periods but that are most important to the aims of

PROCET.

PROGRAMS UNDER PROCET - GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

PROCET Program on Science and Technology Policy

1. Evaluate Government programs and industrial practices

as to their effectiveness in order to promote research

for new and better utilization of the available technologies .

2. Evaluate the possible use of new programs.

3. Propose alternative policies in order to promote technology implementation by the Sao Paulo industry.

4. Disseminate the Sao Paulo experience to the other

Brazilian states.

PROCET Program on Research Management

1. Develop CET present and future administrative systems

and organizational structure.

2. Contribute to the increase of the effectiveness of

State research institutes.

3. Analyze and identify the critical elements for a more

dynamic transfer of adequate and needed technology to

medium and small companies.

4. Consolidate the faculty for institute administration of

the University of Sao Paulo - FEA - USP, so that it will

be able to carry on the administrative tasks listed above

even after PROCET activities end.

PROCET Program on Technology Marketing

1. Evaluate the State research institutes' capability to

21
propose and promote new technology for the public and

private sector.

2. Sample public and private sector administrative attitudes toward technology development.

3. Study and select the most feasible industrial and

governmental sectors for pilot programs for marketing.

4. Develop criteria for marketing science and technology programs.

PROCET Program on Technological Information

1. Generate the State system for scientific and technological information - SEICT.

2. Establish pilot "information terminals" in a group

of institutes.

3. Achieve a uniform, homogeneous and integrated scientific and technological information system.

PROCET Program on Metallurgy

1. Increase IPT/industry interaction in order to increase industrial output and export capability.

2. Develop industrial trouble-shooting capabilities at

IPT.

3. Increase managerial capabilities of the Metallurgy

Division of IPT.

PROCET Program on Quality Assurance

1. Improve the quality of laboratory measurement techniques.

2. Establish inter-laboratorial reference programs.

3. Produce and distribute standard reference materials.

4. Experiment with measurement assurance programs.

5. Establish laboratory accreditation programs.

22
PROCET Program in Food Technology

1. Improve research methodologies.

2. Optimize the ongoing research programs in order to

have better and higher output from the existing facilities and personnel.

3. Transfer quickly to industry all final research outputs.

4. Promote research for new and better products in order

to minimize Brazil's dependence on foreign food and food

processing technology and improve Brazil's position in

the international market.

5. Promote research for lower cost of high nutrition

products.

PROCET MANAGEMENT

The above-described highly complex PROCET set of programs is being

managed by CET. They are individual programs within a program

(PROCET). The terminology of programs at two levels might seem

confusing for newcomers to the system. There is a PROCET general

manager, seven program supervisors, one for each program, and nine

project managers, a number of foreign resident consultants working

full-time in Brazil, one or more for each nrogram, at the same level

as the program supervisors, and a number of Brazilian and foreign

specialists working in Brazil, participating in training programs in

Brazil or abroad, and foreign specialists coordinating special sectors

for further development by the Brazilian team in Brazil or abroad.

The PROCET operational structure has gone through many modifications

and improvements during the first operational years and is to be

further modified as needed.

IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM

The author will now reproduce the outline of one of the PROCET

programs, namely the Quality Assurance Program for which the National

Bureau of Standards is the counterpart institute in the U.S.A. The 1973

Statement on the Standards Situation in Brazil is Annex 1. The Memorandum

of Understanding under which IPT and NBS cooperate is reproduced in

Annex 2. The Report of the Evaluation Panel of the N3S/IPT Collaborative

Program Between the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas and the National

Bureau of Standards - First Annual Review, June 1975, is Annex 3.

23
OBJECTIVES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM

An increase in the average level of quality of manufactured products

with reduced production costs and overall expenditures in quality

control.

Measures of goal achievement

1 - An increased participation of Brazilian manufactured

products in the international market.

2 - Brazilian manufactured products becoming competitive

on a quality basis.

3 - Decreasing necessity of fiscal protection for Brazilian

manufactured products in the internal market.

4 - Decreasing expenditures in quality control of raw

materials and semi-manufactured goods.

5 - Decreasing deviation and rejection of product in

industry.

6 - Increasing interest in a national standardization

system.

Assumptions for achieving goal targets

1 - Introduction by the State Government of incentives

and support to industry to improve its quality

control systems and to participate in a standardization program.

2 - Export support for the elaboration of a detailed

program.

3 - Support by the State Government for engaging and

training personnel.

4 - Existence of an efficient information service and campaign for dissemination of technical explanations.

5 - Support for the target to be achieved in progressive

stages, each defined in one or more specific projects.

PROGRAM PURPOSE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE

1 - To define, with the State authorities, the immediate

24
action of Government institutions such as IPT, ITAL,

IE, etc., as reference laboratories in the areas of

manufactured products for export and for the State

Government purchase agencies.

2 - To prepare a long range plan and schedule for the

establishment of reference laboratories.

3 - To implement this plan.

~ ~

Conditions that will indicate purpose has been achieved

1 - Manufactured products for export receiving a

certification marking.

2 - State Government purchase agencies utilizing

standards suitable for their particular requirements.

3 - Industries being approved as regular suppliers of

specific items for the State Government.

4 - A detailed plan approved by the State authorities

and the technological research institutes involved

for the establishment of reference laboratories.

5 - Funds available for the implementation of this

plan.

6 - Elaboration, acquisition, maintenance and utilization

of reference standards conveniently checked with

international reference standards.

7 - Performance of accurate and reproducible testing

programs of manufactured products of different

industrial sectors.

8 - Know-how transfer for the establishment and improvement

of industrial and private testing laboratories.

9 - Active participation in national standards committees.

10- Development of testing and research programs for

the establishment of standards.

11- Introduction and improvement of standardization

system at companies' level.

12- Expert support for the establishment or improvement

25
of quality control systems in industry.

13- Certification markings for production lines of

different industrial sectors.

14- Training of personnel for standardization, testing

and quality control.

15- Topics for research and development projects.

Assumptions for achieving purpose

1 - Introduction by the State Government of incentives and

support to industry in improving its quality control

systems and participating in a standardization program.

2 - Task group appointed by the different research institutes

involved.

3 - Expert support for the definition of the immediate

action and long-range planning.

4 - Close contact with and support by the State authorities.

OUTPUTS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM

1 - Certification markings given to exported manufactured

products of priority sectors.

2 - Standards prepared for the State Government purchase

agencies.

3 - Industries approved as regular suppliers of specific

items.

4 - Detailed plan for the establishment of reference

laboratories.

5 - Secondary reference standards produced.

6 - Testing programs of manufactured products of different

industrial sectors performed.

7 - Contracts established between the research institutes

involved and industries for the establishment and

improvement of their testing laboratories.

8 - Know-how and research support for ABNT.

26
7 - Contracts established between the research institutes

involved and industries for the establishment and

improvement of their internal standardization and

quality control systems.

10- Certification markings given to specific production

lines of different industrial sectors.

11- Personnel trained in standardization, testing and

quality control to industry.

12- Topics for research and development projects suggested.

. Magnitude of outputs

FY 73 - R.esearch institutes involved acting as reference

laboratories in priority areas of manufactured

products for export and for the State Government

purchase agencies

- Long-range plan approved for the establishment of

reference laboratories

FY 74 - Reference laboratories acting in the areas of

chemical products, iron and steel products,

industrialized agricultural products, machines and

building materials

FY 75 - Reference laboratories acting in the areas of home

appliances, textiles, rubber products, and vehicles

FY 76 - Reference laboratories advising on uniformity in measurements and acting in the areas of furniture, clothes,

and shoes, electrical products and electronic products

FY 77 - Reference laboratories established for the majority

of industrial sectors.

Assumptions for achieving outputs

1 - GOB will continue providing incentives for export of

manufactured products

2 - State Government will give the necessary financial

support for this project

3 - Positive results \7ill have multiplier effect on the

industrial complex.

27
ANNEX 1

GENERAL REMARKS ON THE PRESENT STANDARDS

SITUATION IN BRAZIL

1. There is a natural dynamism for the establishment of standards

between industries. Government action will be much more necessary

towards the final consumer; note, however, remarks 4 and 6.

2. There is a certain degree of diversification in relation to

standardized materials, methods of tests and components due to

the presence in the Brazilian industry of industrial traditions

of different origins: American, French, Italian, English,

German, and lately, Japanese. Government action will probably be

needed to reduce this diversification, probably helped by the

international standardization movement.

3. In the traditional industrial sectors, mostly developed by

local entrepreneurship, production standards are largely nonexistent. Government action should have a strong educational

component in this area. The subsidiaries of foreign companies

have production lines rationalized, but they introduce the

difficulties mentioned in 2 above.

4. Industrial standard parts, such as bolts, electric wires,

electric outlets, fixtures, springs, transmission belts, etc.,

are, in general, of deficient quality, impairing the quality

of the final products. The beneficial effects of Government

action would probably be felt in this area.

5. Agricultural products, in natural state and processed, constitute a special problem due to the total nonexistence of standardization.

6. The building industry, particularly the housing sector, is

divided by a large number of small firms which have been

incapable of organizing themselves to represent a purchasing

power. Consequently, they represent an exception to remark 1.

7. The certification system will probably require regional laboratories to aid local industries; consequently, it will be

necessary to organize a plan to homogenize concepts and procedures.

28
8. Difficulties have already been experienced in exporting durable

consumer goods, such as refrigerators and television sets, due

to the nonexistence of the certification programs capable of

assuring the quality of these products with sufficient credibility

to be recognized by foreign consumers.

29
ANNEX 2

IlEiiORANDUU OF UNDERS TANDIMG

BETWEEN THE

STATE OF SAO PAULO REPRESENTED BY THE

SAO PAULO STATE COUNCIL OF TECHNOLOGY (CET)

ANJ) THE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS (NBS)

The Government of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) has

developed a plan for the acceleration of industrial growth in this

region, called the Sao Paulo Project in Science and Technology.

The broad purposes of the Sao Faulo Project in Science and

Technology are:

1. To promote the application of basic and applied

scientific research and technology to the problems of Brazilian industry and agriculture.

2. To develop the capabilities - in industry, government, universities and research institutes for

providing an increased proportion of this research

and technology from Brazilian sources, and

3. To focus efforts for increasing capabilities in

science and technology most closely on those

industrial and agricultural sectors that hold

promise for rapidly improving Brazil's economic

growth, largely through improving the capacities

of firms to compete successfully in world markets.

The Government of the State of Sao Paulo is providing firms

with financial incentives to invest in research and development

projects of their own and to contract for research in Sao Paulo

institutions, principally research institutes and universities. By

these contracts, the research institutes and universities may be

expected to increase their capabilities to serve the firms and thereby

contribute more effectively to the economic growth of the State and

the Nation.

This strategy is being implemented through a policy and

decision-making structure, the Conselho Estadual de Tecnologia (CET),

which is applying the financial incentives and mobilizing supporting

resources of technical assistance and material procurement. U.S.

technical assistance and training services are being provided in

support of the program by the AID Loan No. 512-L-U88-.

30
This memorandum of Under standing provides the basis under

which the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) agrees to furnish

scientific and technical advice and assistance on a reimbursable basis

to CUT in support of a collaborative program to enhance the scientific

and technological capabilities of Brazil.

The objectives of the program will be to create and improve

capabilities at the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas (IPT) , which

provides consultation services to the manufacturing industry and which

will make a direct contribution to measurement systems and product

quality with possible benefit throughout Brazil.

The program will include:

1. Training at NBS or at other governmental and

private institutions

2. Supply to IPT of research materials, physical

standards, or instruments for precise measurement or quality control

3. Participation of IPT in NBS programs

4. Technical assistance, including consultation

assignments of NBS staff to IPT

5. NBS services normally given on a reimbursable

basis

The program will be developed in project areas (see A - G

below) through the identification of a series of specific tasks in

these areas and allow for addition or deletion of specific tasks.

Each task will give as an end product a new or enhanced capability of

IPT to perform a certain service to the Brazilian industrial community

and/or government.

Each task plan will include: purpose of the task, names of

the monitors at NBS and at IPT, assumptions for achieving purpose, inputs by NBS and by IPT and dates thereof, expected milestones towards

completion, reports and dates thereof, output indicators, budget, and

expenditures schedule. Each task must be approved in advance by the

Coordinators for both NBS and CET. At the conclusion of a task, the

monitors will prepare a final report which must be approved by the

Coordinators for both NBS and CET.

Payment is to be made only for completed work on TIBS

requests for reimbursement by voucher against AID Loan 512-L-088 after

approval by CET that the work covered by the voucher has been

31
performed. The Council shall pay actual costs in cruzeiros of

transportation of travelers in Brazil in connection with duties

directly referable to the contract including travel allowances at

rates prescribed by the U.S. Federal Government Travel Regulations as from time to time amended. The Council will provide a per diein

allowance (in lieu of quarters allowance) to short-term staff members

at rates prescribed by the U.S. Federal Government Travel Regulations

as from time to tine amended, during the time such short-term staff

members spend at posts of duty in Brazil under this agreement. In

authorizing such per diem rates, the Council shall consider the particular circumstances involved with respect to each such short-term

staff member including the extent to which meals and/or lodging may be

made available without charge or at nominal cost by a Brazilian agency

and similar factors. Where travel or subsistence expenses in

countries other than Brazil are involved for KBS or IPT staff or

consultants, U.S. Federal Travel Regulations shall be applied.

Reimbursement shall be for all program costs, including such

travel or subsistence expenses, salary, costs of planning, other

administrative costs and overhead expenses as routinely recorded in

the UBS accounting system up to the limit of the attached budget. In

case this limit has to be exceeded an amended budget may be submitted

by UBS for approval by CET. The Council will establish an irrevocable

letter of credit in U.S. dollars at the new York Office of the Banco

do Brasil, acceptable to and in the name of the UBS, which will be in

the same amount as the face value of this contract, and which will be

amended if the face value of the contract is changed. KBS may, upon

approval by CET, transfer amounts between the several columns and rows

of the budget, provided that the total budget figure is not exceeded.

The agreed task shall fit into one of the KBS /IPT project

areas (as further defined in the following paragraphs A - G) within

which the needs of industry will be especially considered:

(A) Chemical Analysis

1. Identification and evaluation of possible areas

of application of x-ray fluorescence, electron

problem microanalysis, and related instrumental

analysis techniques to industry, environmental

problems, and applied scientific research.

2. Training and technical assistance to foster the

correct use of Standard Reference Materials in

Brazil and to develop the capability at IPT for

producing, certifying and distributing reliable

working standards.

32
3. Transmittal of selected published documents and

literature references of potential interest to

IPT in above mentioned areas.

4. Discussion and evaluation of plans for applied

research, training, and services in the above

mentioned areas.

(B) Collaborative Deference Proprams ( CRF ) (other than those covered

under c. below)

1. Participation of IPT in DBS’s CRP ' s : such as

rubber, paper, and color and appearance.

2. Training of IPT staff members in the data analysis performed in CRPs (also to be used on the

CCRL reference program, par. C below).

3. Training of IPT staff members in the planning

and implementation aspects of these CRPs.

4. Training of IPT staff members (possibly the same

individuals mentioned in 3) in specific testing

techniques, possibly at selected laboratories

participating in the CRP and at laboratories

specialized in other products such as lumber,

textiles, metals, plastics and ceramics.

3. Technical assistance for the initiation of CRTs

in Brazil in product areas such as rubber,

paper, and color and appearance.

(C) Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCPvL )

1. Participation of IPT on CRPs for cement, bituminous materials, soil, aggregates, and concrete.

2. Training of IPT staff members in the planning and

implementation aspects of these programs.

3. Training of IPT staff members as laboratory

inspectors

4. Technical assistance for the initiation of CPvTs

and inspection programs in Brazil for the product areas listed in paragraph 1 above.

33
(D) Measurements Services

1. Assisting IPT in acquiring and/or maintaining

"stand alone" capability in dimensional,

mechanical, optical, electrical, heat and allied

areas of measurement.

2. Supporting the transfer of measurement capability

to practical measurement.

3. Training of IPT staff members in selected areas

of measurement v/here the needs of industry are

not being, met.

(E) Building Research

1. Training of IPT staff members in performance testing and development of test methods, with emphasis

on aspects of durability and safety, in the UBS

Center for Building Technology and the Fire

Technology Program.

2. Assisting in the transfer of the present state

of the art in the U.S. and specifically at UBS

in building technology, specifically related to

structural engineering and building standards

and codes, and housing technology.

(F) Information Activities

1. Provision of selected U.S. literature on

standardization and measurement science and

technology.

2. Training in utilizing available services at UBS

in information systems for science and technology

and the NBS reference collection of standards.

3. The use and dissemination of critically evaluated

technical data.

A. Training of IPT staff members in planning and

development of techniques, procedures and

mechanisms for resolution of obstacles and for

the establishment of incentives for computer

applications for information systems.

34
(G) Laboratory Accreditation

1. Technical training assistance needed to implenent

programs of laboratory examination and evaluation.

2. Consultative assistance concerning a system of

examination, evaluation and monitoring of testing

laboratories, to be applied in furtherance of

other elements of this agreement.

LTien training necessary for the accomplishment of any agreed

task is not available at LBS, this training may be accomplished by

contracting with other public or private institutions or organizations

defined in the task plan approved by KBS and CET. The program may

involve additional training in areas mutually agreed by KBS and CET.

All contracts with non-governmental institutions or organizations

shall contain provisions required by lav; or U.S. Government policy and

shall be approved by CET.

Loth the CET and KBS will appoint program coordinators with

responsibility for effectively carrying out all phases of this

program. The greatest possible flexibility in the administration

shall be accorded to the coordinators coupled with full responsibility

and accountability. Administrative status reports will be prepared by

the coordinators on a quarterly basis. These reports and the

incorporation of new tasks must be approved by KBS and CET. Twice a

year, a substantive evaluation report with full fiscal data will be

presented by the coordinators for the review and evaluation of the

collaborative program by KBS and CET. Review and evaluation

procedures will include a joint meeting among officials of both CET

and KBS to consider reports presented by the coordinators.

Preliminary internal review procedures will be established by each

organization in accordance with its own needs.

This Understanding shall be in effect for two years from

that date of signing. It may be terminated by either side,

immediately after written notification, but without affecting

previously agreed and current tasks. Tasks in specific project areas

may be added or withdrawn by mutual consent. The Understanding may be

amended or extended for periods of two years by a simple exchange of

letters and establishing mutual consent. Mutual consent for

35
additional tasks or an extension of the period of the Understanding

will require agreement for any additional funding that may be

necessary.

Approved and Accepted for

Sao PauJ.o State Council/ol^ Technology

Secretary of Economy and

Title: Planning

Approved and Accepted for the

National v^Btipkau of

,

Title

:

hate

:

September 6, 1974

Witness

:

September 6, 1974

hate:

Commission expires July I, T57f'

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37
ANNEX 3

REPORT OF THE EVALUATION PANEL

OF THE

NBS/IPT COLLABORATIVE PROGRAM

BETWEEN

THE INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS TECNOLOGICAS

AND

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

First Annual Review, June 1975

In accord with the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) (see Appendix I)

between the Conselho Estadual de Tecnologia (CET) and the National

Bureau of Standards (NBS) , the first annual review of the

collaborative program between NBS and the Instituto de Pesquisas

Tecnologicas (IPT) was held at the NBS site at Gaithersburg, Maryland,

on June 25 - 26, 1975. The purpose of the Review was to evaluate the

NBS/IPT Collaborative Program, which has been underway nine months.

It was decided that this was an opportune time both to take stock and

to identify opportunities to improve the Program. The list of Review

participants is given in Appendix II. The IPT team at the end of the

Review submitted their summarized views in a special document

(Appendix III) on which this report has drawn freely.

The Program Review was conducted in three parts:

A. Welcome, introductory remarks, and descriptions of organizations and their programs.

B. Presentations ordered by project areas as laid out in the

MoU were given by NBS task monitors. In these presentations

task objectives were articulated, means of attaining these

objectives were stated, and outputs described. Each NBS

task monitor concluded his individual presentation with a

brief evaluation and suggested recommendations for future

program improvements

.

C. Summing up by senior staff from NBS and IPT.

The purpose of this report, prepared on behalf of the NBS/IPT Review

Panel, rather than to duplicate the task descriptions which are

available in reports, is to collate and summarize the major points

arising during the two-day program. These items constitute a report

on the management of the NBS/IPT Collaborative Program to date, and

also identify aspects which can be improved and made more effective

and efficient in the future.

38
I. OVERALL EVALUATION OF PROGRAM - OUTPUT BENEFITS

From both the IPT and the NBS point of view, the results of the

Program are clearly positive. The Program has been successful in

transferring to IPT staff some of the technological capabilities now

in use at NBS. NBS should continue in its triple role of:

1. Serving as benchmark for the quality and the depth of IPT

measurement and analysis services to industry, other

governmental agencies, etc., in Brazil.

2. Helping IPT develop new capabilities.

3. Assisting IPT to maintain technical awareness.

The first item is particularly important in a rapidly developing

country, since measurement standards and associated data are essential

for the unified, consistent measuring system required by extensive

industrial activity.

The selection to date of areas for collaboration shows a good mixture

of immediately practical and of high technology. IPT clearly knows

how to define its short-term needs and to take steps to meet those

needs. However, probably the greatest potential benefit of this

collaborative program is in its long-range contributions. Continuing

careful planning is essential to insure success in the long run. IPT

representatives requested increased participation by NBS staff members

in the planning and implementation of programs to meet long-term

needs, as identified by IPT. It was suggested that problems be

identified whose solution would benefit both countries. Good joint

planning is needed to maximize useful outputs to both countries.

Technological areas of concern to both Brazil and the U.S. include

housing, machinery and heavy equipment, electronic instrumentation,

energy, and railroad transportation; the roles in these fields of both

NBS and IPT on their national scenes are constantly evolving and great

care is needed to define joint projects.

The emerging role of the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNPq) as the

national coordinator of research was described. CNPq is interested in

broadening the collaborative program to include other Brazilian

institutions, exercising due care not to interrupt ongoing NBS/IPT

collaborative activities.

Long-range programs, by their nature, are investments whose returns

accrue over many years. To assist participants in gaining an

appreciation of the short-term benefits already being received from

the NBS/IPT Collaborative Program, it is useful to identify the

39
benefits cited during these review sessions. A summary of these

benefits, as seen by the NBS and IPT participants, follows.

A. Benefits of Program to IPT

IPT as an institution:

1. Obtains rapid and timely training by its staff to increase

capability of IPT to serve the needs of Brazilian industry.

This increased competence should be quickly reflected in IPT

outputs

.

2. Gains experience in working with advanced technical institutions like NBS.

3. Acquires skills that can be used to transfer technologies

to other states in Brazil, and to national government

agencies

.

4. Observes the importance and utility of long-range planning

and becomes more skilled in the planning process.

5. Gains experience in the establishment of institutional priorities .

6. Learns to respond to needs in Brazil more rapidly and efficiently with the possibility of back-up support from NBS in

joint projects.

B. Benefits of Program to NBS

NBS as an institution:

1. Supports U.S. foreign policy objectives by establishing

strong personal and institutional bonds with a major Brazilian

institution. The experience in Brazil will help NBS judgehow good our methods of collaboration are for general application elsewhere. This experience will help us understand better

the scientific and technological needs of a developing country,

and thus better understand our own needs.

2. Helps to develop and strengthen a Western Hemisphere approach

in international standardization activities.

3. Obtains additional opportunities to observe the effectiveness

of methods of technology transfer in situations different from

those in the U.S., but sufficiently related so that NBS learns

from the experience.

40
4. Receives intellectual stimulation for NBS staff. Contact with

new problems promotes creativity and makes one think about different approaches to solutions.

5. Promotes new markets for U.S. technology, instruments, and

machinery by introducing U.S. products to the staff of an important Brazilian technical community. As the Brazilian economy develops, Brazil and the U.S. should become better trading partners.

6. Gives opportunities to its staff to broaden their intellectual

and social horizons through personal associations with the professional staff of IPT and other Brazilian organizations.

7. Obtains opportunities to use IPT facilities not available at

NBS, and IPT staff support for NBS projects.

C . Benefits of Program to IPT Trainees

1. Provides opportunity for young Brazilian scientists and

technologists to obtain rapid professional growth.

2. Provides professional study and training where such

courses are not available in regular training institutions in Brazil.

3. Affords trainees an opportunity to become familiar

with the procedures, techniques, and problems faced

by their peers working in a similar organization in

another country.

4. Provides experience that will be useful in planning

their work activities when they return to IPT.

5. Affords trainees with opportunities to explore other

means of performing work in their activity areas, thus

broadening and strengthening their judgment.

6. Provides trainees with a broad view of scientific endeavor as cooperatively practiced in the international

community

II. RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations are presented in two categories: A - Planning; and

B - Implementation. Administrative and operational recommendations

41
have been noted elsewhere by the program management, and a number of

them are already being implemented. IPT representatives feel that

many of the recommendations have the common purpose of advocating the

clear definition of joint projects implemented by mixed IPT/NBS groups

to benefit both institutions.

A. Planning

1. Task definition . Much thought is required from both IPT and

NBS personnel. NBS needs to know better what activities the

IPT laboratories are intended to support, e.g., at what level

to approach industrial needs. NBS scientists and engineers with

a broad knowledge of industry and the interrelationships of

national business activities should visit Brazil to become better acquainted with the needs of local industry. This is a prerequisite to the provision of sound program planning counsel

by NBS

.

2. Matching new capabilities with new IPT tasks . A knowledge of

NBS's capability to provide consultation and training and

of IPT’s capability to initiate new services is extremely

important to effective planning. IPT has already found that

the initiation of new services to employ new capabilities

developed during assignments at NBS is sometimes slower than

originally planned. (The problem is exacerbated by difficulties

of importing necessary equipment.) Some tasks might slow down

and priorities be rearranged. (Interestingly, the training

of Mr. Ikeda resulted in a realization that LESS not MORE

equipment was needed by his IPT Division than was originally

requested by that division.)

3. Briefing of trainees . After being selected for training, and

before arrival at NBS, trainees should have a clear vision

of their individual objectives and their future institutional

responsibilities. Each trainee should also be briefed by

appropriate IPT officials on institutional objectives for

his training. Appropriate questions to be addressed in the

briefing include: What techniques are to be acquired? What

basic fundamentals should be understood because they underlie

these techniques? Is research needed on methods, including

their range of applicability to particular types of IPT samples or problems?

4. NBS/IPT Program . IPT suggest that NBS play a more active

role in planning the future tasks in the NBS/IPT Program. NBS

agrees to explore the extent to which it is practical for NBS to

undertake this role.

42
5 . Priorities . Management specialists at NBS might assist in

selecting priorities and in overall planning to help achieve

a balance between long-range needs and the more immediate

pressures on the training program.

6. Timing . Good planning requires adequate lead time. Yet flexibility is also needed. For instance, trainees should have as

much flexibility as is needed to adjust their programs after

arrival at NBS.

7 . Communication of results . Planning should take into consideration the need of IPT to obtain progress reports, written

or by personal appearance, even before the conclusion of longterm training assignments. IPT must attempt to put into practice new capabilities as soon as possible.

8. Tasks of specific programmatic interest to NBS . Flexibility

should be provided for occasional introduction of tasks in which

NBS obtains direct benefits to its major programs from services

rendered by IPT.

B. Implementation

1. Duration of training . Some task monitors felt that the duration of training tended to be too short and should be extended.

2. Consultation on IPT mission . As NBS scientists and engineers

become more familiar with the needs of Brazilian industry and

with the nature and extent of available facilities at IPT

laboratories, they will be in a better position to train IPT

personnel and also to offer advice on what IPT should do.

3. Information centers . IPT trainees, whenever feasible, should

familiarize themselves with information centers such as

those supported by the Office of Standard Reference Data

while at NBS, and with other information resources of the

United States.

4. NBS staff travel to IPT . Consideration should be given to

sending some NBS scientists or engineers to give lectures,

engage in discussions, or to provide other kinds of consultation in Brazil.

5. Industrial surveys in Brazil . IPT should survey sectors of

Brazilian industry to identify and quantify measurement problems .

43
6. Professional interactions . As new measurement capabilities

are brought on line by IPT, it will be useful for IPT to

continue (as has been its normal practice), to interact with

local user groups in Sao Paulo to solve problems and to exchange skills and technologies.

7. Follow-up to training tasks . Evaluation of the program should

include a follow-up of individual trainees by subsequent interviews in Brazil, to ascertain the extent to which the benefits

to individual trainees extend to IPT outputs and to Brazilian

industry. (See Benefits to IPT, Item 1.)

44
A NATIONAL CERTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR CHILE

Dr. Huqo Brangier M.

Executive Director

National Institute of Standardization

Santiago, Chile

I . A Short History

Chile is a developing country whose economy has been characterized

since 1940, when the Production Development Corporation was created,

by a system of import substitution and protection for domestic

industries. This was achieved by imposing high customs duties which

have prevented free competition from abroad and by using systems of

exchange for foreign currency which have discouraged the importation

of goods. This has given rise to a Chilean industry which is

basically designed to produce goods for the domestic market, which,

due to the lack of foreign competition, had to be satisfied with

merchandise that was of dubious quality as well as generally more

expensive than comparable goods in other countries.

It is also appropriate to point out that during certain periods

programs to increase nontraditional exports were formulated. One

recent period that comes to mind is the 1961 to 1970 period, during

which specific actions were taken to improve Chile’s balance of

payments through greater exports, mainly from the agroindustry and the

metallurgical industry.

All of these activities undertaken from 1940 to 1973 drew their

inspiration from a socialist oriented view of the marketplace, as the

state’s participation in and direction of the economy became

increasingly more important.

II. The Current System

The government that has controlled the destiny of our country since

1973 has stated as its basic premise that the nation’s economic

development will be achieved by implementing a free marketplace policy

and a sound and aggressive foreign trade policy. A precondition for

the free market economy is the institution of a system of real

competition among the nation's industrialists and vis-a-vis goods

from abroad, a competition deriving from a plan for genuine efficiency

among businesses. This gives rise to a higher production of better

quality goods which must enter the market at a cost that is comparable

with similar goods from abroad. Thus, the consumer is fully satisfied

because he is guaranteed a fair price for what he is buying.

45
The proposed foreign trade policy involves:

a) a gradual reduction of import duties;

b) export incentives, through the establishment of realistic exchange

rates for foreign currency;

c) fulfillment of the commitments that have or will be approved

within the Cartagena Pact (Andean Common Market);

d) an agressive attitude on the part of Chilean manufacturers in

terms of acquiring and holding foreign markets.

Therefore, the nation's industries face the challenge of:

o winning over the Chilean consumer by offering high

quality, reasonably priced products;

o defending their products vis-a-vis imported goods; and

o entering foreign markets and competing with local goods

and imports from other countries.

III. Conditions for Implementing the Proposed Policy

In order for the proposed policy to be successful, the following steps

are necessary:

a) improve industry efficiency, through the replacement of old

equipment and the use of technologies that are consistent with mass

production;

b) improve the presentation and quality of products for the domestic

market and especially of products for export;

c) institute quality control systems for production, in order to

guarantee the consumer acceptable and steady quality; and

d) develop a system of quality certification, either by lots or on a

permanent basis, which will substantiate the guarantee to the consumer.

46
IV. Qaullty Certification

A. Organizations in operation until the present time.

Together with the domestic industry for import substitution, various

organizations and systems arose which tried to provide technical

assistance and, to some extent, laboratory services for Chilean

manufacturers. Moreover, the state became involved, to some extent

and for certain items, with exercising various controls on incoming

materials and parts. Together with this, organizations were created

as branches of the state and mainly of the universities, which

established standards and/or carried out control testing, most often

on incoming lots of specific products. Although it is not an

exhaustive list, we can cite the following groups:

1. Direct branches of the State:

o Superintendency of Customs;

o SEGTEL (Superintendency of Electrical Services, Gas and

Telecommunications)

o SNS (National Health Service)

o SAG (Agriculture-Livestock Service);

o SOQUIMICH (Chilean Chemical and Mining Association)

o Air Force Maintenance Wing;

o IDIC (Army Institute of Research and Control);

o ECA (Agricultural Commerce Enterprise)

o Central Bank of Chile;

o CODELCO (Copper Corporation) ; and

o Road System Laboratory, Ministry of Public Works.

2. Branches of the Production Development Corporation:

o INFOR (Forestry Institute);

o IFOP (Fishing Promotion Institute);

o SERCOTEC (Technical Cooperation Service)

o INDITECNOR (National Institute of Technical Research and

Standards)

and later,

o INN (National Standards Institute)

o Technological Research Committee (Chilean Technological

Institute-Production Development Corporation);

o INACAP (National Professional Training Institute); and

o CESME (Metallurgical Services Center).

3. Direct branches of the universities (In this case, only laboratory

and, in some instances, certification services are provided):

47
a) The University of Chile:

o IDIEM (Institute for Materials Research and Testing);

o Food Technology Institute;

o IDIEF (Institute for Pharmacological Research and

Testing)

;

o Electronics Department, School of Engineering;

o Mechanics Department, School of Engineering;

b) The Catholic University of Santiago:

o DICTUC (Department of Scientific and Technological Research)

;

c) the Catholic University of Valparaiso:

o Lighting Engineering Laboratory;

o Marine Products Laboratory;

o Chemistry Laboratory;

d) State Technical University:

o School of Arts and Crafts, in Santiago;

o School of Industrial Engineering, in Santiago;

o Concrete Laboratories, provincial headquarters;

e) Federico Santa Maria Technical University of Valparaiso:

o Mechanics Deparment

;

o Chemistry Department;

o Metrology Department;

f) University of the North:

o Electrical Engineering and Electronics Laboratory;

g) University of the South:

o Milk Institute.

4 . Finally, other private laboratories appeared, such as COPREMA

(Materials Suppply Company) among others.

Each of these entities operated and operates in an independent

fashion, with its own testing procedures. Only in some cases were

procedures approved in INDITECNOR (later INN)» national standards

utilized, and most often these groups developed their own variations

of these procedures, without coordinating them through a nationwide

system.

48
All this has led to a chaotic situation with an uncoordinated system

of standards, quality control, and certification, to the extent that

certificates issued by one laboratory are not recognized by other labs

or by users.

We must go on record and state that many of these groups have long

years of experience in carrying out control tests, since they were

designated as "official laboratories" for incoming product lots; this

is the case with IDIEM, which since 1940 has exercised control over

bars for reinforced concrete. In addition, these recently created

groups are operated efficiently and lend prestige to the

organizational machinery in Chile today.

B. Need to reform the current system

CONICYT (National Commission for Scientific and Technological

Research) is envisioning general and specific policy measures related

to this field, within the framework of the proposed National Plan for

Scientific and Technological Development which was presented to the

government in 1974:

a) General policy

o Techniques and services in the area of quality control,

standards, and metrology will be expanded and improved.

o A new set of provisions will be established to regulate

the obligatory use of quality standards and measures.

b) Specific policies

o The use of a seal of standardized quality will be required

for goods produced by domestic industry.

o Rigorous supervision will be required to insure compliance

with this measure in regard to goods for export.

o Careful supervision will be carried out to see that the

advertising of domestic goods is consistent with their actual

quality.

o Support will be given to the National Standards Institute in

the area of technical and infrastructure improvement, so that

it can fully carry out its functions.

o The National Standards Institute will be able to authorize

certain organizations to issue the certificate of the

seal of standardized quality.

49
o Credit and informational facilities will be provided to the

production sector so that it can comply with the measures

that affect it.

o A pilot project will be developed through the State Supply

Directorate to perform rigorous inspection concerning the

quality of goods purchased by the state.

In consideration of the above and in light of the challenges facing

domestic industries and the country itself, as well as the overriding

need to take better advantage of the nation’s resources, we come to

the conclusion that a national quality certification system must be

established for the domestic production sector, both in terms of the

domestic market and goods for export.

Considerations similar to those mentioned here should have been taken

into account when Decree No. 858 of the Ministry of Economy, Promotion,

and Reconstruction, as published in the official diary of 29 August,

1964, established the National Coordinating Council for the

Application of Production Standards and Quality Control as a branch of

the Industry and Trade Directorate. For reasons which are not

appropriate to analyze here, this council was never organized and

therefore never began operations.

We feel that the time has come to make quality control more of a

reality in our country. This idea is being voiced in many different

areas but has not yet taken shape, although by now no one can fail to

recognize that quality control, as a tool, is an indispensable part of

the modern firm. It Is the element that will allow the foundations

to be laid for industries of future importance and will enable the

market to expand, both domestically and internationally, through the

sale of quality products at competitive prices.

C. Basic ideas for implementing a national quality certification

system

The full implementation of a quality certification system is important

in terms of goods for domestic sale, and it is vital for export goods.

Nevertheless, in light of the present economic situation, efforts

should be focused on quality certification for exports and imports and

only for certain categories of goods for the domestic market, since it

would not be appropriate to raise the cost of other items to be sold

internally. In any case, these measures should be continually

implemented with a view towards the time when the country will enter a

period of economic upswing, after demand problems have been overcome

and under the stimulus provided by exports and the Supreme

Government's policy of economic recovery. It must be kept in mind

50
that it is not easy for a country to acquire foreign markets without

the backing of the domestic consumption of the products involved, and

therefore the aforementioned strategy must be examined in depth.

Over and above the structure of the system to be used, what is

important is that it be consistent with the reality of our economic

process, with an improved coordination of existing resources in

compliance with certain basic guiding principles, and with the demands

that are involved in commercial transactons with these products. This

means understanding and studying the real or projected demands of the

market in which the standards set up by the system would be applied,

as well as the reality of our industrial sector, so that the quality

of domestic products can be gradually improved in accordance with the

technological development of this sector.

Importance should be attached to the need to comply with the quality

control required for certain products which are considered of

strategic importance for the nation's populace and economy, such as,

foodstuffs, industrial security items, export goods, raw materials or

import goods, etc.

A seal of quality should be established for Chilean products that meet

standard specifications to show that the responsible bodies have

certified their quality, whether they are produced by large, medium

size or small firms. In this regard, a single distinguishing seal

should be designed for the use of the various certifiers.

Training in the area of standards and quality control is needed for

both public and private officials as well as for manufacturers and

consumers, so that they can act in support of a system that will be to

their own benefit.

The need to produce quality goods must be understood by all the

elements in a firm: workers, supervisors, technicians, etc.

("Companywide Quality Control" in Japan) . This issue must be brought

to the attention of all national sectors, both public and private.

Awards should be established for the companies which do the most for

the quality of their products, practice quality control or obtain

favorable results when submitting their products for review by the

responsible organizations. Special "weeks" should be held, in which

state entities, private firms, consumers, students, etc., would take

part, to emphasize the importance of quality control.

It is important to link the implementation of the system with the

agreements that are in force in the area of foreign trade: the Andean

Group, LAFTA, etc.

51
The system must not be based only on the government enforcing a given

degree of quality control. Each firm must implement measures in

support of quality control.

D. Proposal on a structure for the system

In light of the existing infrastructure and the need to make better

use of it under a specially designed system, we propose that a

National Standards and Quality Control Commission be officially

established. It would be equivalent to the National Coordinating

Council for the Application of Production Standards and Quality

Control, which was created by Decree No. 858 of the Ministry of

Economy, Promotion and Reconstruction. This decree should be amended

in terms of the makeup and functions of the commission, in accordance

with a review to be made by the Economy Ministry and the proposals of

the present study. Its prime objective would be to coordinate the

work of the National Standards Institute with the various existing

laboratories in organizations such as CESME, IDIEM, SERCOTEC, and the

universities in general, etc.

In diagram form, the potential certification system could have the

following structure:

CERTIFIERS

USERS
STANDARDIZATION IN COLOMBIA

Mr. Jorge Enrique Barrios

Chief, Chemistry Division

Colombian Institute of Technical Standards

Bogota, Colombia

Standardization in Colombia was born through the initiative of private

industry in answer to the need to improve the quality of products on

the domestic market and especially those for exportation. As a result

of this need, in 1963, the Colombian Institute of Technical Standards

[ICONTFC] was created with the specific function of setting quality

standards for products.

This body is a nonprofit organization and is the only advisor to the

national government in standardization by decree-law. In Colombia as

in many other countries, technical standardization is carried out on

the basis of participation by the three main sectors: the common

interest, the producers and the consumers. There are presently 30

divisions operating in the Institute and they cover all fields of

industrial technology and production.

During the past 12 years of hard work, ICONTEC has managed to

establish around 1,100 standards in addition to the Colombian

Electrical Installations Code for Housing, the Public Lighting Code

and the National Sanitation Code, this last one in collaboration with

the Colombian Ministry of Public Health.

Being a private institute, ICONTEC receives no economic support from

the government. It is maintained by the annual dues paid by its

subscribers. The amount of the dues is determined in accordance with

the company’s gross capital.

It should be noted that ICONTEC is not responsible for the enforcement

of the standards; that function is the duty of the national government

through the Superintendency of Industry and Commerce and the

corresponding ministries.

Considering it necessary to establish a system of quality control, the

government created the National Council for Standards and Quality to

set up an organization which would be in charge of making standards

official.

As a result, ICONTEC created the Quality Control Division, with the

responsibility of providing consultation on quality control to its

subscribers, giving certificates of quality for products exported or

53
imported and verifying the fulfillment of the quality requirements

established by the government for consumer products.

In reponse to the need for permanent training in standardization and

quality control, ICONTEC, through the Quality Control Division, gives

courses every year on total quality control, for the purpose of

spreading these disciplines into all public and private sectors.

ICONTEC' s operation has been especially beneficial for Colombia

because of its participation in the Andean Group, as well as its

capacity as a member of the Pan-American Technical Standards

Commission and the International Organization for Standardization.

Colombia has been able to achieve more effective work in the area of

product standardization than those countries lacking a national

standardization institute.

Considering the infrastructure now existing in Colombia as a developing nation and the challenge Colombian national industry is

facing because of the policies laid down by the current government, it

is now more important than ever to have effective quality control in

Colombia in order to sell good products at competitive prices.

Because of all this, ICONTEC is more committed than any other

Colombian organization to making quality control a real national goal.

54
SECTION ON WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS

Dr. Josefina Espaillat Duran

Under-Secretary of State for Industry and Commerce

Head, Standardization and Quality Control Department

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

1. Background

The Dominican Republic is a country that has undergone a series of

socio-political changes with the result that it can be considered now

a country that is definitely developing. This development is

increasing rapidly in the areas of industry, tourism and mining, and

the effect of this is reflected significantly in the national economy.

With respect to our industrial development our most pressing need is

an adequate and rational system of norms and standards.

Even though there is in our country a law dating from 1954 which

establishes a system of weights and measurements based on the metric

system, the implementation of this law has been slow and it proved to

be much more difficult than originally anticipated. The result has

been a postponement in the application of the law. Not all has been

lost however, since we propose to use the experience gained in the

implementation of the metric system under the sponsorship of the

Department of Standardization and Quality Control, which at the

present is under study in the Secretariat (Ministry) of Industry and

Commerce in my country.

2. Projects of Standardization

There is at present a project under study which would establish a Department of Standardization and Quality Control as an office of the

Secretariat of Industry and Commerce which would, among other things,

be responsible for the preparation of industrial standards necessary

to enforce minimum standards of quality for national products

including those that are produced for local consumption as well as

those for export. Similarly, another department within the same

organization would be charged with enforcing mandatory standards which

are designed to protect health and safety.

It is necessary to establish priorities in the determination of

standards of quality in accordance with internal needs and the import

requirements, keeping in mind that the purpose of establishing

standards and norms, is to fix the characteristics of each type of

55
finished product which will ensure their adequacy for their intended

use and in a way that the component elements may be used to the

fullest extent possible.

The standards and norms make it possible for owners of industries to

rationally regulate the resources for their plants and to demand from

their suppliers optimum quality so that they can turn out an adequate

finished product. It is logical and desirable that in the process of

establishing a system of standards and norms for a country, a policy

of maximum adherence to international standards in world commerce be

followed since this will obviously make it easier to comply with

agreements regulating world commerce and will render national products

much more accessible to world commerce.

Hence, the Dominican Republic has felt the need of establishing an

institute that will establish standards which will help to define the

patterns and norms for raw materials that go Into manufactured goods.

3. Standardization

Our project for the establishment of a Department of Standards that

could serve as a guide to the industrial manager as well as to the

consumer, but that in any respect might be eminently pragmatic, is

considering the establishment of a section of standards whose patterns

we could expect as a result that the producer, the governmental office

and the user would use common language.

Among the units of measurements that we wish to have in the future,

and those which we consider of prime urgency are the ones that are

related to mass (weight). Among those one should note, there will be

a requirement for those presently in use and also the ones

anticipated, all of which will constitute in the future the national

system.

It is because of the enormous amount of work we must develop rapidly

that we are asking for the assistance of the National Bureau of

Standards and their experience, particularly in regard to oatterns of

certified weights which follow in tabular form.

Metric System English System

0.500 g 50.000 g 25.000 kg. 1 oz. avdp

.

25 lb . avdp

1.000 g 100.000 g 50.000 kg. 4 oz. avdp. 50 lb . avdp

2.000 g 200.000 g 70.000 kg. 1/2 lb. avdp. 100 lb . avdp

3.000 g 500.000 g 100.000 p’cr 1 lb. avdp.

4.000 g 800.000 g 2 lb. avdp.

5.000 g 1000.000 8 4 lb. avdp.

7.000 g 2.000 kg. 5 lb. avdp.

10.000 g 5.000 kg- 10 lb. avdp.

25.000 g* 10.000 kg. (Total 22 Weights) 25 lb. avdp. (Total 12 Weight

56
Believing that the IT3S is aware of the inportance of our project, as

far as the standardization of units of weight is concerned, we wish to

state clearly in our request our purpose towards the establishment of

a system of standards in our country which will bring about the

elimination of possible sources of deceit in the commercial sector.

In regard to the units of mass indicated in the above list one should

note that at the present time in our business transactions in our

country there is a mixture of units, some from the English system,

some from the metric system, and other units inherited from old

Spanish units.

Our process of standardization must begin with the verification and

adjustment of the units now in use and must proceed towards the

establishment in full agreement with the other countries which make no

the Comision Pananericana de llormas Tecnicas (COPAITT) , of the metric

system in a time frame that would be reasonable to meet the

requirement of the industries that will have to adjust and modify

their equipment.

We are convinced that with a system of standards of quality which will

encompass production for internal consumption and export, a team of

inspectors and technical advisors that will devote their time, to

demonstrations and confrontation of the product with the requirement

of the standard as well as the establishment of a center of

information that will broadcast the advantages of standardization for

the consumer and for industry, our country will he able to, in short

order, catch up with those countries that are more advanced than we

are in the area of standardization.

57
SOME ASPECTS OF STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT IN EGYPT

Dr. Anwar El-Tawil

Chief, Industrial Metrology Division

Egyptian Organization for Standardization

Cairo, Egypt

I. Historical Background

Egypt was one of the cradles of human civilization. The ancient

Egyptian civilization, which was characterized by remarkable

achievements in building and irrigation, science and art, relied on a solid basis of well developed measurement and standardization. For

example, length measurements were developed at a very early date to

serve for the determination of the area of land flooded yearly by the

Nile river. They were also used to carry out the great constructions

undertaken by ancient Egyptians. To give an idea of the high level of

accuracy attained by ancient Egyptians, suffice it to say that the

squareness and level of the base of the Pyramid of Cheoos (about 2700

B.C.) are true to less than one ten thousandth of the side. The

standardization of the stones used for building the pyramids was a

feat in itself.

Ancient Egyptians had a system of measurement with primary standards

and substandards. They practiced periodic verification. Among the

items exhibited in the Egyptian museum in Cairo are a length standard

in the form of a granite bar of square cross-section with engraved

lines, and marble standard weights.

The history of standardization and measurement in modern Egypt is

closely related to that of the industrial development in the country.

In the late fifties of this century, Egypt started on the way of

intensive industrialization to raise the standard of living of its

population, and to switch over from a backward agricultural economy to

a modern industrial and agricultural one. In 1956 the Ministry of

Industry was established, and a few months later a law on

standardization was passed. The Egyptian Organization for

Standardization (EOS) was established by a Presidential Decree early

in the year 1957.

II. Activities of the Egyptian Organization for Standardization (EOS)

The EOS is a governmental organization charged with standardization,

quality control and measurement. Since its establishment the EOS has

exerted considerable efforts in these fields. Examples of its

achievments are:

58
1) Elaboration of Standards : About 1300 Egyptian Standards have been

promulgated. They cover raw and semi-finished materials, finished

products, testing methods, measuring instruments and methods of their

calibration, etc.

2) Supervision of Quality : Very early after its establishment, the

EOS started to supervise the quality of certain local products.

Standards on products related to safety and public health and some

commodities important for the national economy ware made mandatory by

ministerial decree. The EOS operates a system of quality supervision

to assure that these products conform to mandatory standards. The

number of such products is about 120 at present and it is steadily

increasing. They include many export products.

To promote the quality of local products other than those covered by

mandatory standards, the EOS started in 1969 a Quality Marking

System whereby manufacturers can voluntarily apply for the EOS Quality

Mark. This System involves inspection by EOS of the quality control

activity in the firm (its functions, facilities and organization). It

also involves tests on raw materials, semi-finished components and

finished products, as well as periodic and surprise surveillance of

the quality level. The Ouality 'lark is a guarantee to the consumer

that the product conforms to the relevant Egyptian standard.

3) Measurement : EOS particinated actively in the application of the

metric system in Egypt which was achieved in 1961. In addition to the

elaboration of measurement standards, EOS has planned for the

establishment of a national system of legal, industrial and scientific

metrology. A number of laboratories were established in the framework

of this system. Others are currently under establishment.

The EOS took the initiative towards updating the weights and measures

laws and regulation in Egypt. A new act on weights and measures has

been submitted to the legislative body for promulgation. It includes

a number of new features such as:

a description of a system of standards and

sub-standards for wide dissemination of the accuracy

inherent in the units of measurement.

The legal units are those of the SI.

- Regulations for personnel engaged in legal

measurements are set up.

- Tolerances on the measures and measuring

instruments are specified according to

Egyptian standards.

59
- Control by EOS of the instrument producing industry.

A) Training Activities in the Fields of

Standardization, QC and Measurement :

The EOS has initiated a number of training programs in the fields of

its activity. It has also participated in the planning and

organization by other bodies (including educational institutions) of

training activities. The training programs organized by EOS cover

a) Standardization - a 4-weelc, full-time training

program including lectures and case studies;

b) Quality Control - a 5-weel:, full-time training

program for OC specialists including a theoretical

part and practical application;

c) Engineering Measurements: a 3~week, full-time

pro gram;

d) Inspection of Weights and Measures - a 4-week,

full-time program.

III. Some Problems of Standardization and Measurement

in Egypt

The conditions of industrial development in Egypt gave rise to a

number of problems that might be encountered in other developing

countries. In the following we give a brief discussion of some of

these problems with the aim of throwing light on them and exchanging

experience regarding their solution.

a) Choice of Basis for National Standards :

Egypt makes use of cooperation with foreign industries to develop its

national industry. Different industrial projects are established

using technical assistance from different countries. As a result,

standards issued for the products of such factories tend to resemble

the national standards of the country that supplied the equipment and

know-how. Such standards are sometimes not in complete harmony with

other national standards. The EOS applies a number of rules to solve

this problem:

i) In questions of a universal nature, such as the

system of units, fits, tolerances, etc., international

standards are taken as a basis for Egyptian Standards

whenever they exist. When no international standards

60
exist (as for example, in the scope of gear tolerances),

the system applied in the majority of local industrial

enterprises is taken as a basis for a national standard.

ii) For products manufactured in one factory, the existing

factory standard is taken as a basis for Egyptian

standards, provided that it is suitable for the

national need. At the same time it is compared with

international standards if they exist in the relevant field.

The possibility of producing according to the latter

standards is investigated and, if they are found

economical, the relevant international standards are

adopted as a basis for national standards.

iii) For products manufactured in several factories, a first

attempt is made to adopt international standards if they

exist in the relevant field. If not, the most up-to-date

and developed factory standard is taken as a basis for

national standardization. Usually, the discussions

that take place between factory representatives in the

technical committees readily convince the parties involved

of the advantages of applying the better standard.

Most of the problems mentioned above would not have occurred in the

first place if international standards existed covering all fields of

modern technology. Unfortunately, this is not the case at present.

The lack of international standards can be clearly visualized if we

compare the number of existing ISO and IEC standards and drafts with

the number of standards issued by any developed country. The problem

is still aggravated by the fact that many international standards are

not practically applied in countries that have accepted them in

principle as a future trend. This makes it impossible to import

material or equipment conforming to international standards from such

countries. This, combined with economic difficulties and political

considerations, puts serious obstacles in the way of interchangeability and uniformity of production.

b) Assurance of Interchangeability :

Reduction of variety and assurance of interchangeability are

considered as one of the main objectives of standardization. In Egypt

considerable difficulties are met when this objective is translated

into practice. The usual case is that equipment for different

factories comes from different sources, which gives rise to an

excessive variety of types and sizes, and to limited or no

interchangeability. This situation represents a serious hindrance to

the national exchange of products and parts, and consequently, to the

integration of the national economy. Sometimes we find that local

61
enterprises still depend on foreign companies to supply then with

tools and parts, while equivalent tools and parts are manufactured

locally for fit with another system. Most of the bi" engineering

companies are forced to keep a stock of tools and gages sufficient to

cover several systems used inside the same factory. The economical

losses and the organizational difficulties that result from this

situation are quite evident.

The solution of this problem is quite complicated. Economical

considerations and the scarcity of foreign currency make the

conversion of the equipment of all enterprises into a unified national

system a difficult task. With these considerations our Organization

did not make the application of national standards aiming at assuring

interchangeability compulsory. At this stage we have only issued a

number of such standards, based mainly on international standards.

We are currently publicizing their advantages among local industries

and higher engineering institutes. At a later stage we nlan to start

with compulsory enforcement of these standards according to carefully

devised conversion plans that would comprise time schedules, guides

and conversion tables. Another proposal now under consideration is to

excercise some sort of control over the import of costly and longlived production equipment to promote interchangeability on the

national level.

c) Quality Problems :

Problems of quality are the most common type of problems, and the most

widely recognized among the general public. In developing countries

several conditions may cause non-conformity to quality standards.

Examples of them are:

i) irregularity of the supnlies of imported raw materials

and variation of their specifications;

ii) difficulties in supplying necessary snare parts and

replacement of imported production and testing equipment;

iii) lack of qualified personnel and of technical know-how;

iv) insufficient knowledge of existing national standards.

It is the duty of EOS to help local industries to overcome these

difficulties. Through its plan for issuing standards, as well as

through its quality marking system, the EOS carries out studies of the

possibility of the replacement of traditional raw materials by local

ones, and helps industrial enterprises formulate their needs of new

equipment and spare parts and supports their demand with government

authorities. The elaboration of national standards helps greatly to

62
raise the quality, not only by making use of them as valuable

technical documents, but also during the process of their elaboration

and the useful technical discussions that they stimulate.

EOS offers consultation to local industries on questions of quality,

trains their personnel and provides them with good contact with

foreign experience by inviting foreign experts to the country and by

placing local specialists in training courses abroad.

d) Measurement and Testing Facilities :

One of the important problems faced by EOS in its activities is the

insufficiency of available testing and measuring facilities. This

insufficiency greatly hampers the elaboration of standards on a sound

basis, the quality control activity and the calibration of industrial

measuring instruments. EOS makes use. of factory laboratories and of

some existing central laboratories, but the acute lack of a facility

for industrial metrology and quality control has prompted EOS to

undertake the establishment of such a facility. The EOS Quality

Control Centre at Amereya, near Cairo (costing about $4,000,000) is

currently being established. It comprises sections for quality

control of nearly all products produced in Egypt, as well as sections

for the calibration of most industrial measuring instruments.

At the same time, the EOS has devised a System for the Approval of

Measuring and Testing Laboratories. This System (resembling in the

field of measurement the Ouality Marking System in the field of

quality) involves the inspection of personnel, equipment and

organization of the applying laboratory and the control o f its

performance by the execution of control measurements and tests on

standard specimens.

Conclusion

In this short survey I have tried to highlight some of the

achievements, as well as the problems of standardization and

measurement in Egypt. I hope that they will meet the attention of

fellow participants and eminent experts present at this workshop, and

that the ensuing discussions will indicate ways and means to promote

standardization and measuring activities in my own country, as well as

in other developing countries having similar problems.

63
STANDARDIZATION IN JORDAN

Mr. Abder Rahman El-Keilani

Head, Weights and Measurement Section

Directorate of Standards and Metrology

Ministry of Industry and Trade

Amman , Jordan

1. History

The Royal Jordanian Government has been well aware of the importance

of standardization as an effective tool for implementing and promoting

industrial development. Its interest in standardization dates back to

the fifties when the country started industrial development. In 1960,

the Government charged one of the foreign institutes to conduct a

thorough study of standardization activities and to formulate the

necessary legislation. This was further complemented by a study

conducted by another foreign expert. As a result of the above

studies, the seven-year plan included some recommendations for the

industrial sector. The published recommendations read as follows:

"For the protection of consumers and the safeguarding of quality

standards for exports, a standards bureau should be set up to report

to the Minister of Industry and Trade." For implementation of this

recommendation, a draft law for standardization was submitted to the

Parliament and, when the Jordan Centre for Industrial Development was

established in 1967, it included a separate section for standards. In

January 1971, the Directorate of Standards was created within the

Ministry of Industry and Trade and, in the next year, the

Standardization Law No. 24/1972 was issued.

2. Structure

The Directorate of Standards is a governmental body completely

financed by the Government. It is comprised of the following five

divisions:

1) Division of Standard Specifications

2) Division of Quality

3) Division of Certification Marking

4) Division of Laboratories

5) Division of Weights and Measures

64
3) International Activities

Since 1968 the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has been a full member of

the Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology (ASMO) . It is

also a full member in the Codex Alementarius Commission (CAC) , a

Correspondent Member in the International Organization for

Standardization (ISO) and the International Organization for Legal

Metrology (OIML).

4) Standardization and Quality Control Project

In an effort to further promote standardization activities and to

ensure the efficient operation of the Directorate of Standards, the

Government of Jordan has concluded with the United Nations Industrial

Development Organization (UNIDO) an agreement to execute jointly a

large scale Standardization and Quality Control Project. The ultimate

objective of the project is to strengthen standardization and quality

control activities in Jordan at the in-plant and national levels with

a view to contributing substantially to the improvement of national

economy through the efficient use of local raw materials, reduction of

production costs, increased efficiency, raising the quality of locally

produced goods, ensuring fairness in trade and commerce, control of

imports, promotion of exports and safeguarding the health, safety, and

interests of consumers.

The immediate objectives of the project are:

In the field of standards specifications

1. to organize and strengthen the operation of the Directorate of

Standards related to the elaboration of national standards;

2. to elaborate and implement a national program for standardization

activities;

3. to bring about the effective application of national standards

and to assist in the establishment, organization and operation

of standards departments in industrial enterprises.

In the field of quality control

4. to set up, organize and operate industrial testing and quality

control laboratories (ITOCL)

5. to organize the proper relationship between the ITOCL and the

testing facilities in Jordan;

6. to develop a national quality control scheme with a view to

improving the quality of goods and products on the internal and

export markets, thereby protecting the consumer and promoting the

export trade of Jordan;

65
7. to develop quality consciousness among the public and industrial

establishments

;

8. to organize and operate a national quality certification

scheme whereby the standards and quality marks would be granted

to products complying to national standards.

Iii the field of standard weights and measures

9. to establish, organize and operate a Central Standards Laboratory

in Amman and District Weights and Measures Offices in the main

Governorates of Jordan to accomodate reference standards;

10. to plan, organize and implement national metrological services;

11. to effect the smooth transfer to the metric system.

The duration of the project is three and one half years. The

execution started, as was previously scheduled, in July 1973, and will

be accomplished by the end of 1976.

The total costs of the project amount to $1,561,000. The Government

contribution consists of the provision of

:

a) Personnel

b) Land and premises (2500 m floor area)

c) Chemicals and glassware

d) Office and laboratory furniture

e) Other operating costs.

The United Nations contribution consists of the provision of:

a) 13 foreign advisors as follows

:

1 project manager,

3 experts,

3 associate experts,

and 6 consultants

b) 9 fellowships as follows:

1 in organization and administration

of national standardization and quality

control activities,

2 in statistical quality control,

1 in certification marking,

2 in instrumental methods of chemical analysis,

2 in physical and mechanical testing, and

1 in legal metroloy.

66
c) Equipment for:

1 . 2 . 3.

4.

5.

6 . 7.

8 . 9.

10 .

Inorganic analysis.

Organic analysis.

Food analysis.

Paint testing.

Paper and packaging testing.

Leather testing.

Textile testing,

Metallographic testing,

Mechanical testing, and

Standardization of weights and measures

d) Library references

e) Other operating costs

At the end of the project duration (end of 1976) standardization and

quality control activities will be operated by a Jordanian staff

composed of 61 as follows:

1 Director,

5 heads of divisions,

17 engineers, chemists, analysts and

physicists

,

8 laboratory assistants,

1 chief inspector,

14 inspectors,

1 draftsman,

1 librarian, and

13 administrative support personnel

67
SOME NT SRI PROJECTS FOR STRENGTHENING NATION-WIDE

TECHNICAL SUPPORT CAPABILITIES OF KOREA'S

NATIONAL RESEARCH & TESTING ORGANIZATIONS

Mr. Chong Min Lee

Chief, Planning Division

National Industrial Standards Research Institute

Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Seoul, Republic of Korea

It is my great privilege to be accorded this opportunity of

participating in the 1975 NBS/AID Workshop on standardization and

Measurement Services in Industrializing Economies. And it is also a

great pleasure for me to present some NISRI's projects for

strengthening nation-wide technical support capabilities of Korea’s

national research and testing organizations.

To begin with, I would like to briefly introduce the activities of the

National Industrial Standards Research Institute.

1) NISRI works for the modernization and establishment

of Korea's National Standards System through custody,

maintenance and development of the national standards

of measurement, testing and inspection services for

legal weighing and measurement devices, calibration

services for measuring and weighing devices, and

establishment of Korea Standards Research Institute

which will be explained later.

2) NISRI works for quality control of industrial products

through testing and analysis of domestic industrial

product either requested by manufacturers or consumers

and by government agencies for Korean industrial

standard's (KS) quality guarantee testing under the

Quality Control Law, and the Industrial Standardization

Law, and through testing and analysis of export goods,

and production and distribution of standard reference

materials.

3) NISRI conducts R & D work for standardization technology

and heat economy for energy conservation such as improvement

of Korean traditional heating system, "On-dol" and improvement

of efficiency of 19 hole briquet combustion devices.

4) NISRI conducts technical extension services and technical

training for the production engineers as well as quality

control engineers.

68
5) NISRI plans to strengthen the nation's technical support

capabilities of existing national research and testing

organizations by establishing new specific research and

testing organizations such as Korea Standards Research

Institute, Metallic & Machinery Testing Center,

Electric & Electronic Testing Center, Petrochemical

Products Testing Center and Ceramic Testing Center.

1. Background and Necessities of the Establishment of

Five Specific Research and Testing Organizations

Before explaining the 5 specific research and testing

organizations, let me introduce you briefly to the background

of Korean economic growth and industrial development.

A. Korea owes her high economic growth in recent years

to the successful implementation of the first and

second five-year economic development plans calling

for industrialization. During the first five-year

economic development plan period (1962-1966),

the economy grew at an average annual rate of

8.3 percent, and during the second five-year

development plan period (1967-1971) the nation

scored an impressive 11.4 percent average

growth rate, laying the groundwork for industrial

modernization.

The nation's exports amounted to only $40 million in

1961, but thirteen years later in 1974, they hit $4.6

billion, representing more than a 100- fold jump.

This phenomenal export growth points to the measurable

change in Korean industrial structure resulting from

the qualitative and quantitative expansion of industry.

In 1963 primary products accounted for 54.3 percent

of total exports, but the share dropped to 38 percent

in 1974, whereas industrial products became the

mainstay of export items. This means that the industrial

structure has been highly improved, and other

strategic industries directly linked to exports have

grown substantially.

Meanwhile, the reorganization of small enterprises,

and the construction of Saemaul (New Community

Movement) plants in rural areas has cleared the way for

the specialization of industries, thereby establishing

a functional and harmonized industrial structure in

each field.

69
B. The third five-year economic development plan (1972-1976)

outlines "epochal development of the rural economy,

and promotion of heavy and chemical industries." The

plan calls for an annual average economic growth rate

of 8.7 percent, and steady development of strategic

industries including heavy and chemical industries.

Backed by this strength, the nation's economy is

expected to grow at an annual average rate of 11.0

percent during the fourth five-year economic development

plan period (1977-1981).

The long-term prospects for industrial structure in

manufacturing are shown in Table 1, and Figure 1.

TABLE 1

LONG-TERM PROSPECTS FOR INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

(Based on the Production in 1970)

(Unit: $ Million)

1972(A) 1976(B) 1981(C) B/A C/A

Manufac tur ing 4,742 8,882 19,142 1.87 4.04

(100) (100) (100)

a) Light Industry 3,074 5,170 9,380 1.68 3.05

(64.8) (58.2) (49.0)

b ) Heavy and 1,668 3,712 9,762 2.23 5.86

Chemical

Industries

(35.2) (41.8) (51.0)

Note 1): Figures in parenthesis are composition ratios (%)

.

Source: "Long-term Prospects of Our Economy" by Economic

Planning Board.

70
Figure 1 Prospects for Division of Industrial Sectors (1972-1931)

1972 1976 1931

Source: Economic Planning Board

The export target for 1980 is projected to top $10 Billion.

These goals cannot be attained without an epochal

development of the export industry. Hence, Korean

industry as a whole should be reorganized into a

highly technology-intensive industry.

In other words, machine, metal and other strategic

industries, and petrochemical industries should be

further developed to boost exports of the heavy and

chemical industrial products.

C. In developing as well as advanced countries, the

import of technology has become an important means of

technical development. Importing technology enables

developing countries to improve their backward technology, and strengthen their international competitive

power. Meanwhile, in Korea, where technological

development has been stagnant, foreign technology

means technical reform, and provides a driving

force for the push for economic development.

D. In Korea where the history of industrial development

is short, the development of industry is pushed under

government initiatives and the development pattern

largely centers on the construction of plants with

the inducement of foreign capital and technology,

adaptation of advanced foreign technology to local

71
conditions, and the establishment of domestic industrial intergration.

Industries in Korea are still poor in technology, and

money spent in this field is relatively small. This

poses some problems for Korea as the nation is moving

into the state of an advanced country. The government

has been making steady efforts for technical development and improvement of the quality of industrial

products. The Government has been steadily keeping

up a campaign for quality control and inspection.

E. In 1967, the Government enacted the Industrial

Standards Law in order to improve the quality of

industrial products, insure uniformity of quality,

improve the convertibility of parts, curtail costs,

simplify transactions, and protect consumers.

The Government also established the Bureau of

Standards, and established the Korean industrial

standards (KS) marking system to propagate industrial

standards and provide guidance on standards. Under

the KS mark authorization system, the Government

has been pushing for industrial standardization by

disseminating quality control and providing guidance

on quality control to industries.

Under the Export Product Inspection Law enacted and

promulgated in 1962, the National Industrial Research

Institute (NIRI) took charge of matters related to

the inspection of export goods, thereby making contributions to quality guarantees for export goods, and

improvement of the credibility of exporters on international markets.

In 1961, the Government enacted and promulgated the

Weights and Measures Law in order to insure fair

trade, and streamline units of measurement. Under

the law, the inspection of measuring instruments has

been made obligatory, and the legal units of measurement

are those of the metric system, while the central

bureau of measurement is empowered to handle matters

related to inspection and guidance on inspection.

However, the organizations responsible for technical

development, quality control, and industrial standardization remained scattered among government

agencies, causing inefficiency in the execution of

72
related affairs. Due to this, the Government revised

the Government Organization Law on January 16, 1973, to

establish the Industrial Advancement Administration

(IAA) under the control of the Ministry of Commerce

and Industry, reorganizing or integrating these

scattered organizations according to their functions.

IAA is responsible for matters related to industrial

standardization, quality control, inspection of export

goods, protection of consumers, and the development

of underground mineral resources.

Meanwhile, NIRI was reorganized into National Industrial

Standards Research Institute (NISRI) and placed under

IAA control in order to take charge of such extremely

important technical matters as the inspection of export

goods, test and analysis of industrial products, technical development, the protection of consumers, and

the establishment of a national standards system.

In addition, under the control of the Home Ministry

are eight provincial industrial inspection laboratories

in each administrative zone for the inspection of

industrial products in the respective provincial areas.

However, as the workload sharply rises in line with

the active push for the heavy and chemical industrial

development and growing exports, the existing inspection

organizations, understaffed and poor in facilities, are

today hindered in handling the growing workload.

Thus, we are planning to establish 5 specific testing

and inspection organizations concerning metrology,

metal, machinery, electricity, electronics, petrochemical,

fuel, and ceramic fields under an annual program.

F. The testing and inspection organizations, and the major

areas of their function are shown in Table 2.

Of these organizations, eleven are capable of

providing testing and inspection for industrial

products, including NISRI.

73
TABLE 2

TESTING, INSPECTION ORGANIZATIONS AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS

Organizations Function

—

Location

Run by

Government

!

1

National Industrial

Standards Research

Institute

Inspection, research

on chemicals, electric,

machine, metals

Seoul

:

;

i

|

National

Mineral

Research

Institute

Testing, research on

minerals

Seoul

Provincial

Industrial

Products

Inspection

Laboratory

Inspection of chemical electrical appliances, machines, metal

products

In each

province

Privately

Run

Korean Institute of

Science and Technology

Basic research on

chemicals, electricity,

machines, metals

Seoul

Korea Chemical Products

Inspection Foundation

Chemical testing and

inspection

Seoul

j

Korea General Merchandise

Inspection Foundation

Inspection of knitted

goods

Seoul,

Pusan,

Kyongbuk

province

Korea Fabric Inspection

and Testing Institute

Foundation

Inspection of fiber

products

Seoul,

Pusan,

Kyongnam

province

Korea Package

Inspection

Laboratory

Inspection of

packaging materials

Seoul

Korea General

Merchandise Inspection

Foundation

Inspection of

sundry goods

Seoul,

Pusan,

Kyongbuk

province

Fine Instrument Center Inspection of

electrical

appliances

Seoul

74
2. Korea Standards Research Institute (K-SRI)

Our Government invited the U. S. NBS/AID survey teams in 1967, and

1972 as we recognized the seriousness of the inefficient national

standards System, since the duties of industrial standardization and

nuality control are scattered over several agencies.

Based upon the NBS/AID survey team's recommendations, together with

recommendations of G.E. TEMPO which has conducted a study of Korea's

national standards system, we are planning to establish the Korea

Standards Research Institute (K-SRI).

Dominant roles of K-SRI are to:

1) Maintain basic units of measurement

Korea's basic units of measurement are by law those that

comprise the SI system of basic, supplementary, and derived

units. Prototypes of primary standards of all basic units

will be acquired and properly maintained by K-SRI and used

when required to check national working standards.

2) Maintain international traceability of units

As the Korean representative of CGPM, K-SRI will periodically

compare its prototype standards with international prototypes

and with national prototypes of other nations.

3) Assist regulatory agencies

K-SRI will serve central and provincial authorities and other

organizations in all measurement related matters. Such service

can be a legislated requirement or a matter of voluntary

cooperation.

'-) Support laboratories

Laboratories which offer calibration services to defense

forces, industry, universities, and other technical

institutions, including weights and measures agencies

administering legal metrology, require a central facility

where their standards and instruments can be accurately

calibrated and certified in terms of traceability to one

international source and where their measurement

procedures can be verified.

75
5) Prepare and/or supply Standard Reference Materials (SRM)

SRM's are used as reference standards in testing, calibrations,

analyses, or other industrial controls, assurin'* a certain

degree of accuracy of results without the need for

adopting more complicated or expensive procedures. These

SRM's will either be prepared specially by K-SRI or stockpiled

from existing sources of supply to meet user demand.

6) Maintain and disseminate up-to-date Standard Reference Data

(SRD )

SRD include values of all important physical and chemical

constants which affect measurements. K-SRI will collect these,

keep them current, and make them available to users.

7) Conduct research and development

R & D on the technology of measurement and calibration is

necessary to develop new and better methods of test, and to

investigate problems connected with industrial standards and

industrial measurement.

8) Offer consulting service and training facilities in

metrology

Consulting services on measurements, guidance on apparatus

selection, seminars and training courses, guest worker

programs, textbooks and other publications, and publicity on

the objectives of and need for metrology in national life

are needed; K-SRI will take a leading role in metrology

propagation.

9) Disseminate information on metrology

K-SRI will be a central source of the latest Information on

metrology standards and techniques; it will possess the most

authoritative information on the latest research, equipment

development, and advances in calibration procedures.

Assigned roles are to:

10)

Design, develop, repair, and maintain instruments

K-SRI will be staffed and equipped to maintain and repair its

own equipment and instruments and will be able to offer

repair facilities for instruments to other institutions and

users. It will also design and develop highly specialized

instruments for which there is demand in Korea.

76
11) Offer consulting service on transfer of technology

K-SRI will advise government on technology transfer problems

arising from adapting foreign products or problems arising

from materials, labor, or instrumentation.

12) Evaluate products, product safety, pollution, and public

safety legal Metrology

K-SRI* s capability in measurement and calibration will be

important in evaluating particularly critical products and

industrial standardization problens.

For the establishment of K-SRI, an AID loan of 5 million dollars is

approved by AID/Uashington, and final agreement between the U.S. and

the Korean Government was made on September 19, 1975.

As the legal provision has already been made for the establishment of

K-SRI by the Enforcement Decree of Specific Research Promotion Law

amended and promulgated on August 22, 1975 by Presidential Decree No.

7757, and the Korean endowment fund for operation costs, land purchase

will be provided early in October 1975, and the establishment will be

realized in October.

V7e are planning to finish building construction, purchase and

establishment of laboratory equipment, recruiting staff members, and

oversee training by the end of 1977. The scale of K-SRI is listed in

Table 3.

77
TABLE 3

SCALE OF K-SRI

CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION SCALE

1. Construction Site 396,720 m

2

Building

(Main, 3 R&D Buildings,

and Annex)

16,530 m

2

2. Staff (Base year: 1980) 288 personnel

3. Funding Foreign

(Equipment & Training Cost)

$ 5,000,000

Domestic

(Building construction.

Land Purchase & Operation

Cost)

$ 5,000,000

Total $10,000,000

3. Metallic and Machinery Testing Center QfMTC)

The Metallic and Machinery Testing Center will be established

for the purpose of technical support to the metallic and

machinery industries.

Dominant roles of MMTC are to :

1) Test and analyze domestic metallic and machinery products

for quality improvement.

2) Conduct export inspection.

3) Offer extension services for quality control of the products.

4) Conduct technical training for production engineers and Q.C.

inspectors.

5) Disseminate technical information on the metallic and machinery

field.

78
6) Design and develop metallic and machinery products.

A feasibility study for the establishment of 'PITC will be conducted by

a German consultant team as the fund of 350,000 DM was supported by

the Government of West Germany late in 1975.

We are planning to establish MMTC during the oeriod of 1976-1978. The

scale of MMTC is shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

SCALE OF METALLIC & MACHINERY TESTING CENTER

CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION SCALE

1. Construction Site 55,000 m

2

Building

(Main, 3 R&D Buildings,

and Annex)

2

5,800 m

2. Staff - 153 personnel

3. Funding Foreign

(Equipment & Training Cost)

$ 2,829,000

Domestic

(Building construction.

Land Purchase, &

Operation Cost)

$ 1,887,000

Total $ 4,716,000

4. Electric & Electronic Testing Center (EETC)

Electric G Electronic Testing Center will be established at

Ku-Mi Industrial Estate for the purpose of:

1) Developing of the electric and electronic industry, and

improving its products.

79
2) Strengthening the nation's international competitive

power of the products in its price and quality.

3) Creating a technical extension service.

Dominant roles of EETC are to :

1) Test domestic electric and electronic products for

quality improvement.

2) Conduct export inspection.

3) Offer extension services for quality control of the

products.

4) Conduct technical training for production engineers and

O.C. inspectors.

5) Disseminate technical information on the electric and electronic

field.

6) Design and develop electric and electronic products.

This project was proposed to the Belgium Government for financial

assistance in economic cooperation by the Deputy Prime Minister of the

Korean Government during his visit to Belgium in July 1975.

Ue plan to accomplish the establishment of EETC in 1977. The Project

Scale is listed in Table 5.

SO
TABLE 5

SCALE OF ELECTRIC & ELECTRONIC TESTING CENTER

CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION SCALE

1. Construction Site 50,000 m

2

l Building

(Main, 3 R&D Buildings

& Annex)

5,000 m

2

||2. Staff - 175 personnel

3. Funding Foreign

(Equipment & Training

Cost)

$ 3,736,000

Domestic

(Building construction,

Land Purchase &

Operation Cost)

$ 1,909,000

Total $ 5,645,000

5 . Petrochemical Products Testing Center (PPTC)

The petrochemical Products Testing Center will be established at Yo-Su

Industrial Estate for the purpose of:

1) Development of the petrochemical industry and improvement

of its products.

2) Strengthening the nation's international competitive

power in its price and quality.

3) Helping the research and development of petrochemical

products.

Dominant role of PPTC is to

1) Test and analyze domestic petrochemical products for

quality improvement.

81
2) Conduct export inspection.

3) Offer extension services for quality control of

products.

4) Conduct technical training for production engineers and

Q.C. inspectors.

5) Disseminate technical information on the petrochemical field.

6) Conduct research and development of petrochemical products.

This project was proposed to the French Government for financial

assistance of economic cooperation by the Deputy Prime Minister of the

Korean Government when he visited France in July 1975. We are

planning to begin full operation early in 1930, right after the

accomplishment of the building construction, purchase and

establishment of laboratory equipment and technical training. The

scale of the project is listed in Table 6.

TABLE 6

SCALE OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS TESTING CENTER

CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION SCALE

1. Construction Site

Building

(Main, 3 R&D Buildings

& Annex)

50,000 m

2

5,100 m

2

2. Staff 110 personnel

3. Funding Foreign

(Equipment & Training Cost)

$ 1,210,000

Domestic

(Land Purchase and

Operation Cost)

$ 1,800,000

Total $ 3,010,000
6. Ceramic Testing Center (CTC)

The Ceramic Testing Center is to support development of the ceramic

industry through its testing, inspection, and technical extension

services in order to help technical improvement of the products and

strengthening the nations international competitive power in its price

and quality.

Dominant roles of CTC are to :

1) Test and analyze domestic ceramic products for quality

improvement.

2) Conduct export inspection.

3) Offer extension services for quality control of the

products.

4) Conduct technical training for production engineers and

0. C. inspectors.

5) Disseminate technical information on the ceramic field.

6) Conduct R&D of ceramic products.

This project was proposed to the Government of England when the

Secretary of State for Trade visited Torea. If the project is

successfully supported, the CTC will be in full operation early in

1980. The scale of the project is listed in Table 7.

33
TABLE 7

SCALE OF CERAMIC TESTING CENTER

• CLASSIFICATION : DESCRIPTION SCALE

1. Construction Site

Building

(main, 3 R&D Buildings

& Annex)

i 15,000 m

2

2

11,225 m

i

2. Staff - 129 personnel

3. Funding Foreign

(Equipment & Training

Cost)

$ 2,100,000

1

!

Domestic

(and Purchase &

Operation Cost)

$ 1,900,000

Total $ 4,000,000

7. Conclusion

As I explained to you before, NISRI is planning to establish five

specific research and testing organizations in order to strengthen

nation-wide technical support capabilities for Korean industries, even

though it is very hard work funding and implementing the projects.

I can easily say that our industrial products will be highly improved

in their quality and competitive power in the international market, if

those projects are properly supported.

84
:y

of

establishment

of

five

specific

national

research

and

testinc

organizations

*

85
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES' tH NICARAGUA

Dr. Enrique Guerrero L.

Chief, Food and Quality Control Division

Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Commerce

Managua, Nicaragua

The metric decimal system exists by decree since 1893, but has not

been regulated as yet.

In January 1960 Decree No. 465 was issued on measures of volume for

coffee and other grains, as follows:

1 "fanega" - 1 bag - 24 halves

1 half

Ten inches per side and five inches high

1 fourth

2.5 10 "

10 "

Similar to above square but two and a half inches high

Diversity of Weights and Measures

Speaking of Weight: We have metric tons, Spanish and English pounds,

ounces, and grams.

Speaking of Volume: We have cubic meters, imperial gallons, bottles,

and fluid ounces.

Speaking of Surface: We have kilometers, miles, meters, yards,

"varas", blocks, and leagues.

Termperature is in Centigrade and Farenheit, boilers in pounds of

pressure per square inch.

86
Since we are members of the Central American Common Market and belong

to several development institutions, in August 1975 we established a Standards and Cualitv Control Committee consisting of:

a) the General Trade Bureau of the Ministrv of Economy,

b) the Technological Research Department of the Central

Bank,

c) the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock,

d) the Chamber of Industries, and

e) the Tlational Development Institute,

with the nurnose of:

1) regulating weights and measures,

2) standardizing with ICAITI (Central American

Industrial Technology and Research Institute)

and COPADT (Pan American Technical Standards

Commission)

,

3) controlling product quality, and

A) issuing the Food Products Labeling Act.

We have requested technical assistance from ICATTT to start our work.

Some Functions of Develonment Ministries and Institutions

1) Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Trade,

General Bureau of Commerce

In charge of: Quality Control

Certificates of Origin

Weights and Measures

Trade in General

^rice Controls

Mining and Ouarries Laboratory

2) ?!inistry of Public Health

Drug and Food Control

Cosmetics Control

Weights and Measures

Analysis Laboratory

87
3) Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock

Animal Health Certificates

Control of Slaughterhouses

Import and Fxport of Feed Crains

Analysis Laboratory

4) Ministry of the National District

Inns and Markets Act

Heights and Measures Control

5) Ministry of Development and Public Uorks

Materials Strength Laboratory

Highway Load Control

6) Central Rank

Food Technology Laboratory

7) National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

Analysis Laboratory

8) Central American University

Analysis Laboratory

9) National Development Institute

Agro-industrial Development Programs

10)

Ministry of Labor

Rakerv Regulations

Regulations on the Use of Ceruse and other

Pigments in Painting

Regulations on Safety Measures in Loading and

Unloading Vessels

Safety Regulations for Handling and Utilization of

Insecticides

Safety Regulations for Boilers.

88
APPENDIX I

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ADDRESSED BY PARTICIPANTS

OF THE NBS/AID WORKSHOP

SEPTEMBER 1975

Ouestion:

A. RELEVANCE TO YOUR PROGRAMS IN YOUR COUNTRY

1. WHAT FRACTION OF THE PRESENTATIONS HAD ANY RELEVANCE

TO YOUR

a. PRESENT NEEDS?

b. FUTURE NEEDS (AS SEEN BY YOU NOW)?

Answers

a. PRESENT NEEDS?

Ing. Hugo BRANGIER: We can indicate subjects related to:

Metric Information Office

Standards Information Analysis

Office of Weights and Measures

Food and Drug Administration

Institute of Basic Standards

Institute of Applied Technology

National Technical Information

Office of International Standards

Consumer Products Safety Commission

Center for Building Technology

Environmental Monitoring (RTI)

Korean Small Scale Industry Project (Georgia Tech)

Basic Data Center

Micromechanics Facilities

National Conference Stds. Labs.

Dr. Anwar EL-TAWIL: Almost all presentations were relevant.

Mr. LEE, Chung Min: Presentations at NBS were mostly relevant

to both present and future needs.

b . FUTURE NEEDS (AS SEEN BY YOU NOW)

?

BRANGIER: Metrology problems presentation.

Mr. Jorge Enrique BARRIOS: The presentations of Mr. Bud Wollin

from the Office of Weights and Measures and Mr. H. A. Fowler

from the Institute for Basic Standards.

EL-TAWIL: Almost all presentations were relevant.

89
Question :

2. WHICH PRESENTATIONS COULD HAVE BEEN OMITTED

a. IN GAITHERSBURG?

b. IN BOULDER?

c. ELSEWHERE?

Answers :

a . IN GAITHERSBURG?

Tag Mohammad YARMAND: None

BRANGIER: International Geology, Cumputer Sciences and Technology,

Data Systems Design.

BARRIOS: The visits to the Atomic Reactor, to the Institute for

Computer Sciences and Technology, and to the Data System Design

Laboratory, because they implicated a very high technology.

b . IN BOULDER?

YARMAND: None.

BRANGIER: None.

LEE: Nothing in particular.

c. ELSEWHERE?

BARRIOS: The visits to IBM and Burroughs Wellcome at the

Research Triangle Institute and the visit to the University of

Texas at San Antonio.

EL-TAWIL: The IBM visit since it was too brief.

Question:

3. WHICH PRESENTATIONS WERE TOO BRIEF

a. IN GAITHERSBURG?

b. IN BOULDER?

c. ELSEWHERE?

Answers

:

YARMAND: The presentations of some participants of our group

were too brief.

BARRIOS: Mr. Bud Wollin’s presentation.

90
EL-TAWIL: All presentations were rather brief. I suggest that

the number of all subjects be reduced and the lecturers given

more time to develop their themes and complement them with

tours and practical demonstrations.

LEE: Nothing particularly anywhere.

b . IN BOULDER?

BARRIOS: Mr. H. L. Daneman’s presentation.

c. ELSEWHERE?

YARMAND: None.

Question :

4. WHAT PRESENTATIONS SHOULD HAVE BEEN ADDED?

Answers :

BARRIOS: The ones related to practical methods to establish a

rational Weights and Measures System and its adequate control

mechanisms in a developing country, as well as the possible

solutions to the problems owing to the implantation of

that system, based on the U.S.A. experience.

LEE: A more intensive NBS tour should preferably have been made.

Question :

5. DID YOU APPRECIATE THE PRESENTATIONS FROM OTHER PARTICIPANTS

TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT YOU WISH MORE TIME SHOULD HAVE BEEN

DEVOTED TO THEM

a. BY LONGER SESSIONS?

b. ADDITIONAL SESSIONS?

c. REDUCTION OF OTHER PRESENTATIONS?

YARMAND: BRANGIER: BARRIOS

EL-TAWIL: LEE:

a-Yes a a-No a-Yes a b b b-Yes b-Yes b-Yes

c c c-No c c

91
Question :

I

B. QUALITY OF PRESENTATIONS AND NBS/AID PROGRAMS

1. WHICH PRESENTATION WAS THE BEST FOR YOU

'

a. IN GAITHERSBURG?

b. IN BOULDER?

c. ELSEWHERE?

Answers :

I a. IN GAITHERSBURG?

YARMAND: For me, all were interesting and useful.

BRANGIER: Office of Weights and Measures, Food and Drug

Administration, Institute for Basic Standards, Institute

for Applied Technology.

BARRIOS: Mr. Charles B. Phucas’s presentation.

b . IN BOULDER?

BRANGIER: Mr. Daneman’s presentation: "Planning of

Standards Laboratories in Developing Countries."

BARRIOS: Mr. H. L. Daneman*s presentation.

c. ELSEWHERE?

BRANGIER: The Institute of Small Industry of the Philippines,

presented by Mrs. Herminia Rosales-Fajardo.

Question :

2. DO YOU PLAN IN FUTURE

a. TO REQUEST NBS LITERATURE?

b. TO REQUEST U.S. STANDARDS LITERATURE?

c. TO REQUEST SRM's?

d. A GUEST WORKER STAY AT NBS FOR YOURSELF?

e. A GUEST WORKER STAY AT NBS FOR OTHERS?

f. TO SUGGEST TO YOUR GOVERNMENT TO INVITE A SURVEY?

g. TO SUGGEST TO YOUR GOVERNMENT TO SEEK TO SEND TRAINEES?

h. TO RECOMMEND THAT OTHERS FROM YOUR COUNTRY GO TO NBS /AID

WORKSHOPS?

i. TO RECOMMEND THAT OTHERS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES GO TO NBS /AID

WORKSHOPS?

j . TO RECOMMEND THAT YOUR COUNTRY HOST A REGIONAL SEMINAR?

92
YARMAND: BRANGIER: BARRIOS

EL-TAWIL: LEE:

a-Yes a-Yes a-Yes a-Yes a-Yes

b-Yes b-Yes b b-Yes b-Yes

c-Yes c-No c-No c-possibly c d d-No d-No d d-yes

e e-No e-Yes e-possibly e

f f-No f-Yes f-Yes f

g g-probably g-Yes g-Yes g-Yes

h h-p robably h-Yes h-Yes h

i i-probably i-No i i-Yes

j j-No j-No j-No j-Yes

Question :

3. WHAT SUGGESTIONS WOULD YOU MAKE FOR THE ORGANIZATIONAL

ARRANGEMENTS FOR MRS/AID WORKSHOPS?

Answers :

YARMAND: In ray opinion, the NBS/AID program was very well organized.

BRANGIER: That previous communications should be sent well in

advance and detailed programs should be circulated so as to

determine its usefulness before deciding to attend.

BARRIOS: The program should have been sent more days in advance.

The candidates should be selected according to their

activities in order to prevent a heterogeneous group.

The fractions of the presentations related to Standardization

and Metrology should be set apart and planned in a suitable form.

The program was very intense to fulfill during the planned time.

There were many visits to special laboratories that use a very

high technology.

More time should have been devoted to the visits made to

documentation centers.

The visits to the different laboratories should have been well

coordinated in order to avoid improvisation (for Instance, the

visit to a laboratory under construction at Texas University in

San Antonio).

EL-TAWIL: The organization was excellent, but I would suggest

adopting a less tight schedule with fewer subjects and more

concentration on each subject. The same goes for the travel

where at least one place could be skipped. I think the hired bus

arrangement would be more convenient than air travel, at least

partially.

LEE: Your organizational arrangements were so perfect that

no other suggestions are needed.

93
C. PERSONAL 1. QUESTIONS

DID YOU (a) ENJOY THE NBS/AID WORKSHOP?

(b) REGRET ATTENDING THE NBS/AID WORKSHOP?

Answers :

a. ENJOY THE NBS/AID WORKSHOP?

YARMAND: Yes.

BRANGIER: I enjoyed the workshop very much and I highly

appreciated the opportunity to attend it.

BARRIOS: Yes.

EL-TAWIL: Yes.

LEE: I really enjoyed the NBS/AID Workshop.

Question :

2. DID YOU PROFIT PROFESSIONALLY IN SOME WAY?

Answers :

YARMAND: From this program I gained lots of experiences which

are useful for good organization of activities of norms and

standards in Afghanistan.

BRANGIER: Yes, in many ways, especially through the

contacts we made.

BARRIOS: In general, it was a very interesting personal and

professional experience, but due to the short time we only

had the opportunity to get a general view of U.S. work in that

field. I wish we had had more time to emphasize some aspects

and to interchange ideas and experiences with the other

participants.

EL-TAWIL: Yes, in many ways.

LEE: Yes.

Question :

3. DO YOU FEEL YOU HAVE ESTABLISHED PERSONAL AND USEFUL CONTACTS

a. WITH NBS STAFF?

b. OTHER U.S. COLLEAGUES?

c. WITH OTHER WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS?

94
YARMAND

BRANGIER: BARRIOS: EL-TAWIL: LEE:

a-Yes a-Yes a-Yes a a-Yes

b b b-Yes b b-Yes

c-Yes

Question:

c-Yes c-Yes c-Yes c-Yes

4. DO YOU FEEL YOUR COUNTRY SHOULD HAVE SENT SOMEONE ELSE OF

a. GREATER SENIORITY (IN JOB)?

b. LESSER SENIORITY (IN JOB)?

c. GREATER TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE?

d. LESSER TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE?

YARMAND: BRANGIER: BARRIOS: EL-TAWIL: LEE:

a-Yes a a-Yes a a-Yes

b b-Yes b-No b b

c-Yes c c-Yes c c-Yes

d d d-No d d

Question :

D. ANY OTHER REMARKS

YARMAND: I am thankful to Mr. Peiser and all his associates

for giving fruitful speeches and more information at NBS

as well as at the NCSL Workshop.

EL-TAWIL: I should like to thank the organizers of the Workshop

for their untiring efforts to make everything fine for the

participants. The dedication of Steffen Peiser and the kindness

of Chris Raley have impressed me deeply.

Thank you

I

95
Dr. Josef ina Espaillat DURAN:

"The experience and information achieved has proved to be

outstandingly useful in our related field of weights and measures in

order to make it applicable and adapted to our possibilities.

"I encourage the MBS authorities to continue this program of

activities that enables the developing countries to be informed on the

advances made by your institution, one of the most important of

America in technology.

"The only observation, if any, and in attendance of the questionnaire

mentioned before our departure, is to consider separate programs in

relation to the different interests involved: for instance, those

participants mainly interested in standardization or those in computer

sciences, or those specifically in technical specialized laboratories.

In all the other aspects everything has been perfectly organized,

directed, and supervised. My sincere congratulations to Dr. E. Brady

and to you!"

Mr. Ricardo FLOREZ:

"First of all, I x^ant to thank H. Steffen Peiser very much for having

included me in the 1975 NBS/AID Workshop. I would also like to thank

Steffen and the colleagues of his office for the two weeks of extra

work they have been through on top of all the preparations so we could

make the best use of the available time and opportunities. I would

like to thank Chris Raley for all his attention and patience, Joanne

and Joan for taking care of me and Mrs. Bullman, Cathy, and Doris for

all their kindness. The biggest thanks of all goes to Steffen and his

incredible energy in handling the workshop activities and trips and

still finding many hours in his busy days to help a privileged

Brazilian put together his reports in English.

"Working with the National Bureau of Standards for 8 months already by

the time of the workshop, it was for me an opportunity to review what

I had seen and be aware of many things I still have to learn.

"I am also sending you some personal comments on the workshop, hoping

they may be of some use to you when planning the future ones."

A - Relevance to IPT in Brazil

"Measurement services and standardization are the main tools, together

with personnel training, with which IPT performs its assigned tasks to

government and industry, improving technology and science in the State

of Sao Paulo and therefore in Brazil.

96
"Contacts with foreign activities in these fields are of extreme

importance to IPT. We have to learn fast and operate under the

constraints of a developing economy, improving quality and reliability

of our work at the same time.

"The opportunity to be exposed to a cross section of the standard and

measurement activities in the U.S., and at the same time be in touch

with colleagues from various countries, discussing related common

problems and goals, has been timely and priceless for me, mv

institute, and my country."

B - The Program

"The selected presentations and visits were very good without

exception, even though some of them were a little far from the

immediate IPT scope of activities and mv own technical expertise, to

be fully evaluated.

"The presentations at NBS covered almost all asnects of the standards

community activities, the National Conference of Standards

Laboratories being a good complement to that, and the institutes and

industries visited a good sample of its users.

"The type of workshop provided excellent opportunities for institutes

from other countries to get in contact with their counterparts in the

United States, and share opinions on ongoing activities.

"For some this may be the very first step towards a collaborative

program with U.S. institutes, and for others, as is the case of IPT, a complement of the ongoing programs.

"The visits to the Research Triangle, and the Southwest Research

Institute, were for me very productive. I could draw from those

visits a much better understanding of the roles and opportunities of

those institutes, and their organization in order to be able to

compare them to IPT's."

C - Contact with the Other Participants

"This was an important aspect of the workshop for me. The opportunity

to discuss with my colleagues from Egypt and Korea some of our

countries' common issues was unique. The presentation of individual

papers addressing standardization and measurement services on each of

the represented countries set the basis for those discussions.

"I hope this person to person contact develops into a less formal and

more meaningful relation between our countries, through our

institutes.

97
D - Personal Remarks

"Being new in the international relations activities of my institute,

and in its name representing my country, Brazil, in the NBS/AID

Workshop, was a rewarding professional experience. I hope my general

lack of experience and small technical expertise in some areas didn't

compromise my participation in the workshop. On the other hand, when

the discussions were close to the areas covered by the IPT/NBS

program, I felt quite at home. The benefits to the IPT/NBS program

were big as far as I am concerned and this certainly will add up to

improvement in the way I will be performing my tasks from now on.

This way, my experiences will be shared with my colleagues in Sao

Paulo for the benefit of my country, and the workshop will have served

its purpose."

98
APPENDIX II

WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS AID BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Mr. Taj Mohammad Yarmand

General Director

Norms and Standards Deoartment

Ministry of 'tines and Industries

Kabul, Afghanistan

Mr. Yarmand, born October 12, 1935, in Kabul, Afghanistan, received a Master of Science degree in Mecanical Engineering from the

Polytechnical Institute in the U.S.S.R. He is presently General

Director of the Norms and Standards Department of the Ministry of

Mines and Industries in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Mr. Ricardo Florez

Architect

Technological Research Institute

Sao Paulo, Brazil

Mr. Florez, born October 30, 1943, in Santos, Brazil, received his

decree in architecture from the University of Sao Paulo in 1969. He

is entered in the Masters Program majoring in Urban design. Mr. Florez

is oresently helping to coordinate a collaborative program between the

National Bureau of Standards and the State Council for Technology,

Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Dr. Hugo Brangier M.

Executive Director

National Institute of Standards

Santiago, Chile

Dr. Brangier, born May 29, 1923, in Talcahuano, Chile, received a science degree in Chemistry from the University of Concepcion in

Chile. Dr. Brangier participated in the NBS/AID Workshop as

Executive Director of the National Standardization Institute in

Santiago, Chile.

99
Mr. Jorge Enrique Barrios

Chief, Chemical Division

Colombian Institute of Technical Standards (TCONTEC)

Bogota, Colombia

Mr. Barrios, born January 30, 1948, in Ibague, Colombia, received

his engineering degree in Agronomy. He is presently Chief of the

.Chemistry Division of the Colombian Institute of Technical Standards

in Bogota, Colombia.

Dr. Josefina Espaillat Duran

Under-Secretary of State for Industry and Commerce

Head, Standardization and Quality Control Department

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Dr. Duran, born Aoril 8, 1938, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic,

received a Ph.D. in Lav from the University of Santo Domingo in 1960.

Dr. Duran is presently Under-Secretary of State for Industry and

Commerce and is in charge of the Standardization and Duality Control

Department, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Dr. Anwar El-Tawil

Chief, Industrial Metrology Division

Egyptian Organization for Standardization

Cairo, Egynt

Dr. El-Tawil, born Aoril 8, 1939, in Kaltoubia, Egypt, received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1959 and a Ph.D. in Metrology from the Faculty of Machine, Tools and Instruments,

Moscow, U.S.S.R. in 1965. lie is oresently Chief of the Industrial

Metrology Division of the Egyptain Organization for Standardization in

Cairo, Egypt.

Mr. Abder Rahman El-Keilani

Head, Weights and Measurement Section

Directorate of Standards and Metrology

Ministry of Industry and Trade

Amman, Jordan

Mr. El-Keilani, born in 1947, in Nablus, Jaffa, received a B.S. degree

from Aim Shama University in 1971 having majored in Chemistry and

Geology. He is presently Head of the Scales and Weight Section of the

Specifications and Measures Directorate of the Ministry of Industry

and Commerce in Amman, Jordan.

100
Mr . Chong-Min Lee

Chief, Planning Division

National Industrial Standards Research Institute

Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Seoul, Korea

Mr. Lee, born May 3, 1936, in Kyung-Ki-Do Province, Korea, received a

B.A. and graduate degrees in Chemical Engineering from Hanyang

University and has studied Ceramics Engineering at the graduate

schools of the University of Missouri and Pennsylvania State. Mr. Lee

is presently Chief of the Planning Division of the National Industrial

Standards Research Institute in Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Dr. Enrique Guerrero L.

Chief, Food and Duality Control Division

Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce

Managua, Nicaragua

Dr. Guerrero, born July 15, 1922, in Granada, Nicaragua, received his

degree in Chemistry and Pharmacy from the National University of

Nicaragua in 1955 and a certificate from Technion, Israel, for studies

in 1969. Dr. Guerrero is presently Chief of the Food and Quality

Control Division of the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce in

'tanagua, Nicaragua.

101
NBS-1 14A (REV. 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

NBSIR 76-1152

2. Gov’t Accession

No.

3. Recipient’s Accession No.

-

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

REPORT TO AID ON AN NBS/AID WORKSHOP ON

STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT SERVICES

5. Publication Date

March 1977

6. Performing Organization Code

7.X2Q53aESXX Editors: H. Steffen Peiser, Joan Cornish,

Charles C. Raley

8. Performing Organ. Report No. NBSIR 76-1152

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No .

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Agency for International Development

Department of State

Washington, D.C. 29523

13. Type of Report & Period

Covered

Final

"

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less (actual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

From September 20 to October 3, 1975 , a Workshop was held at the National

Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, under the sponsorship of AID. The object

of the Workshop was to give standards officials of industrializing nations

insight into the standards and measurement systems of the United States and

the role of the National Bureau of Standards, so that these officials might

consider what parts of the U.S. System might usefully be adapted to conditions

in their home countries. An exchange of standardization experience in each of

the participant's countries was presented by delivered papers which are

reproduced here.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons) AID; assistance;developing economies ; foreigb relations;

industrializing nations; international relations ;LDC' s; measurement services;

standardization

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