NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 189

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 189

BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Tower Flux,

Meteorological, and Soil Temperature

Data

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, and Zoran Nesic

University of British Columbia, Vancouver

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022371 2018-05-14T14:55:00+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 189

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 189

BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Tower Flux,

Meteorological, and Soil Temperature

Data

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, and Zoran Nesic

University of British Columbia, Vancouver

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil

Temperature Data

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, Zoran Nesic

Summary

The BOREAS TF-1 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and momentum flux data above the canopy

along with meteorological and soils data at the BOREAS SSA-OA site from mid-April to the end of the

year for 1996. The data are available in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-01 SSA-OA Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The Tower Flux (TF)-01 team collected heat, carbon dioxide, and momentum fluxes along with

meteorological, soil temperature, soil moisture, and tree bole temperature data measured from the

BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA) Old Aspen (OA)

tower. These data were collected between 01-April and 31-December-1996.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

The general objective was to study carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange between the forest

and atmosphere at the SSA-OA site. Specific objectives were:

• To measure the fluxes of sensible heat, H20 and CO2 above the aspen stand throughout the

year.

• To obtain from the CO2 flux data estimates of gross photosynthesis and respiration.

• To determine the contribution of the hazelnut understory to net ecosystem productivity (NEP).

• To determine the effects of environmental factors on stand evapotranspiration and NEP.

• To take part in the development of procedures for scaling up component fluxes to the stand

level.

• To study the processes controlling turbulent transfer of H20 and CO2 within the stand.

• To take part in the evaluation of methods of estimating nocturnal CO2 in and above the stand.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

From the tower, above the canopy, the following variables were measured: latent heat flux,

sensible heat flux, net radiation, CO2 flux, CO2 concentration, momentum flux, Bowen ratio, air

temperature, wind speed and direction, friction velocity, incident and reflected photosynthetic photon

flux density (PPFD), incident and reflected shortwave and longwave radiation, water vapor

concentration, relative humidity, precipitation, and air pressure. Under the canopy, the following

measurements were collected to describe the soil and forest: soil heat flux, soil temperature, soil water

potential, soil water content, and tree bole temperatures.

1.5 Discussion

In 1993 and 1994, the TF-01 group measured fluxes under the canopy at the SSA-OA site, while

the TF-02 group measured above-canopy fluxes and profiles at that site. In 1996, the TF-01 group

moved its equipment to the top of the 39 meter tower to measure above-canopy fluxes; this document

describes the 1996 data collection effort.

The fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, latent heat (water vapor), and carbon dioxide using the

eddy correlation method were measured at 39 m height on the main flux tower beginning in April

1996. This system operated continuously through the rest of 1996. The eddy correlation system

consisted of 3-dimensional sonic anemometer (model 1012R2A (Solent) Gill Instruments, Lymington,

UK) with a 15 cm path length, an infrared gas (CO2/HzO) analyzer (IRGA) (model 6262, LI-COR,

Inc., Lincoln, NE) and a krypton open-path hygrometer (model KH20, Campbell Scientific, Inc.

(CSI), Logan, UT). Air was drawn at 8.0 L/rain down 3.2 mm inner diameter (i.d.) sampling tubing

(model Bev-a-line, Thermoplastic Processes Inc., Sterling, NJ), then through copper tubing (3 mm

i.d.) coiled and sandwiched between two aluminum plates within the same housing as the analyzer,

and then through the analyzer's sample cell. To prevent condensation in the sampling tubing, it was

heated (2-3 °C above ambient) by passing an electric current through 20-AWG nichrome wire (about

15 ohms resistance) coiled around the exterior of the tubing. The pump (model DOA-V191-AA

diaphragm pump, Gast Inc., Dayton, OH) was located down stream of the sample cell resulting in the

sample cell pressure being about 22 kPa less than atmospheric pressure. The IRGA was operated in

absolute mode with dry air at zero CO2 concentration flowing through the reference cell at 25 cm3/min.

The KH20 hygrometer was operated continuously to evaluate signal delay time and any attenuation

resulting from the sample tubing (Leuning and King, 1992; Lee et al., 1994).

Supporting measurements included soil heat flux at the 3-cm depth measured using nine soil heat

flux plates (two, model F, Middleton Instruments, Melbourne, Australia, and seven homemade,

following Fuchs and Tanner (1968)) along a 20-m transect; average temperature of the surface 3 cm of

the forest floor using two integrating thermometers; a soil temperature profile at depths of 2, 5, 10, 20,

50, and 100 cm (CSI direct-burial copper-constantan thermocouples); tree bole temperatures at 0.2,

4.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 15.8 cm (thermocouple wire); downward total and diffuse solar (model PSP

pyranometer, The Eppley Laboratory, Inc., Newport, RI), downward longwave (Eppley model PIR

pyrgeometer), and net radiation (one model S- 1 net radiometer, Swissteco Instruments, Oberriet,

Switzerland (belonging to University of British Columbia (UBC)) and one Middleton model CN-1 net

Page 2
radiometer(belongingtoAtmosphericEnvironmentService(AES));PPFD(LI-CORmodel190-SB

quantumsensor)abovetheforest(at33m heightfrom theground); wind speedanddirectionabove

theoverstory(model05031vanepropelleranemometer,R.M.YoungCo.,TraverseCity, MI); soil

watercontentusingthetime-domainreflectometry(TDR)technique(HookandLivingston,1996)with

two probesconsistingof 3 stainlesssteelrods(3mm diameter,30cmlong,and2 cm apart)were

positionedhorizontallyat8 cm (organiclayer)and15cm(minerallayer)depths,five 120cm

segmentedrods(twothin stainlesssteelstrips,1.2cm wideand1.5cm apartbondedby anepoxy

resinlayer)wereinstalledto measureaveragewatercontentin 15cm (0-30cm) and30cm soillayers

(30- 120cm depth);andinfraredsurfacetemperaturesof theaspenandhazelnutcanopies(model4000

IR thermometer,EverestInterscience,Inc.,Fullerton,CA).

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREASTF-01SSA-OASoil CharacteristicsData

BOREASTF-02SSA-OATowerFlux andMeteorologicalData

BOREASTF-01UnderstoryFlux, Meteorological,andSoil TemperatureData

BOREASTF-09SSA-OBSTowerFlux, Meteorological,andSoilTemperatureData

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator Name and Title

Prof. T. Andy Black

University of British Columbia

Department of Soil Science

2.2 Title of Investigation

Boreal Forest Atmosphere Interactions: Exchanges of Energy, Water Vapor and Trace Gases

(SSA-OA)

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Mr. Zoran Nesic

University of British Columbia

Department of Soil Science

2357 Main Mall Rm. 139

Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 CANADA

(604) 822-3479, 822-5654 (Lab)

(604) 822-8639 (fax)

NESIC@PPC.UBC.CA

Contact 2:

Prof. T. Andy Black

University of British Columbia

Department of Soil Science

2357 Main Mall Rm. 139

Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 CANADA

(604) 822-2730

(604) 822-8639 (fax)

ablack@unixg.ubc.ca

Page 3
Contact 3:

K. Fred Huemmrich

University of Maryland

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-4862

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Karl.Huemmrich@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Measurements of the fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapor, and C02 were made with the

eddy covariance technique. Velocity components, air temperature, water vapor density, and CO2

concentration in the air were sampled rapidly, and calculations of relevant covariances were performed

from these samples to obtain the fluxes. For example, the flux of CO2 was determined as follows:

F c = w'c'

where w' is the departure of the vertical velocity component from its mean over the averaging interval,

usually 30 minute, and c' is the departure of CO2 concentration from its mean.

At the overstory level, three rotations in the coordinate transformation are applied to the flux data to

make the lateral component (v '), vertical component (w '), and covariance (u 'v ') of the wind vector

equal to zero. At the understory level, however, only the mean lateral wind velocity component was

rotated to zero under the suspicion that nonzero mean vertical velocities are possible within the trunk

space. Webb, Pearman, and Leuning (1980) (WPL) corrections were made to the water vapor and

carbon dioxide fluxes measured using the closed-path LI-COR 6262 infrared gas analyzer (IRGA).

Broadening correction was done, but not on-line (see Chen et al., 1998, for summary of theory).

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were collected from mid-April to the end of 1996. Over that time period,

temperature conditions from less than -30 °C to over 30 °C were experienced.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

A 37-m walk up scaffold main tower and a 6-m scaffold tower about 40 m from the main tower.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective of the flux tower was to support instrumentation for the study of the fluxes of CO2,

energy, water vapor, and momentum between the forest and atmosphere at the SSA-OA.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Variables measured using eddy covariance: CO2 and water vapor fluxes, momentum fluxes,

sensible heat fluxes, and latent heat fluxes.

Supporting meteorological variables: net radiation, downward total and diffuse solar radiation,

downward longwave radiation, PPFD, wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, soil temperature,

soil heat flux, soil moisture, and precipitation.

Page 4
4.1.5 Principles of Operation

A sonic anemometer determines the wind speed by a pair of transducers acting alternately as

transmitters and receivers, sending pulses of high frequency ultrasound between themselves. The 3-D

sonic has three pairs of transducers arranged in nonparallel axes.

The LI-COR 6262 CO2/HzO analyzer is based on the difference in absorption of infrared radiation

passing through two gas sampling cells. The reference cell is used for a gas of known CO2 or H20

concentration, and the sample cell is used for a gas of unknown concentration. Infrared radiation is

transmitted through both cell paths, and the output of the analyzer is proportional to the difference in

absorption between the two.

The principles of operation of most of the supporting instruments can be found in Pearcy et al.

(1991) and Fritschen and Gay (1979).

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Above-canopy sensors were supported by a vertical triangular mast mounted on top of a 37 m tall

scaffold-type main tower. The sonic anemometer was mounted at a height of 39 m. Other

above-canopy measurements included downward total and diffuse solar (model PSP pyranometer, The

Eppley Laboratory, Inc., Newport, RI), downward longwave (Eppley model PIR pyrgeometer) and

net radiation (one model S- 1 net radiometer, Swissteco Instruments, Oberriet, Switzerland, and one

Middleton model CN-1 net radiometer), PPFD (LI-COR model 190-SB quantum sensor) above the

forest (at 33 m height from the ground ), wind speed and direction above the overstory (model 05031

vane propeller anemometer, R.M. Young Co., Traverse City, MI), and infrared surface temperatures

of the aspen and hazelnut canopies (model 4000 IR thermometer, Everest Interscience, Inc., Fullerton,

CA).

Under-canopy measurements included soil heat flux measured at the 3 cm depth using nine soil

heat flux plates (two model F, Middleton Instruments, Melbourne, Australia, and seven homemade,

following Fuchs and Tanner (1968)) along a 20 m transect, average temperature of the surface 3 cm of

the forest floor using two integrating thermometers, a soil temperature profile at depths of 2, 5, 10, 20,

50, and 100 cm (CSI direct-burial copper-constantan thermocouples); tree bole temperatures at 0.2,

4.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 15.8 cm into the bole (thermocouple wire); and soil water content using the

time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique (Hook and Livingston, 1996), where two probes

consisting of 3 stainless steel roads (3 mm diameter, 30 cm long, and 2 cm apart) were positioned

horizontally at 8-cm (organic layer) and 15 cm (mineral layer) depths, and five 120 cm segmented rods

(two thin stainless steel strips, 1.2 cm wide and 1.5 cm apart, bonded by an epoxy resin layer) were

installed to measure average water content in 15-cm (0-30 cm) and 30 cm soil layers (30-120 cm

depth).

Tree bole temperatures were measured in aspen trees using thermocouples placed in the bole at

several depths determined from the north side of the tree. The temperatures were measured at 3.12 m

height for the 0.2 cm depth, 3.16 m height for the 4.0 cm depth, 3.18 m height for the 8.0 cm depth

(the center of the bole), at 3.16 m height for the 12 cm depth (4 cm depth from south side), and at 3.12

m height for the 15.8 cm depth (0.2 cm depth from south side). In addition, a measurement of the

hazelnut stem temperature was made at 0.7 m height and 0.2 cm depth.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Solent sonic anemometer:

Gill Instruments Limited

Solent House

Cannon Street

Lymington

Hmpshire

SO41 9BR

United Kingdom

Page 5
DAT-310sonicanemometer:

Kaijo-Denki Co.,Ltd.

No 19.1ChromeKanda-Nishikicho

Chiyoda-Ku

Tokyo 101

Japan

LI-COR LI-6262IRGA, 190-SBPPFD,andLAI-2000 PCA:

LI-COR Inc.

P.O.Box 4425/4421

SuperiorStreet

Lincoln, NE 68504

(303)499-1701

(303)499-1767(fax)

KH20 kryptonhygrometer:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

CN-1netradiometer:

MiddletonInstruments,Inc.

P.O.Box 442

SouthMelbourne

Victoria,3205

Australia

S-1netradiometer:

SwisstecoInstruments,Inc.

Stegweg,Eichenwies,CH-94633OBERRIETSG

Switzerland

PSPpyranometerandPIRpyrgeometer:

TheEppleyLaboratory,Inc.

12ShefieldAve.

P.O.Box 419

Newport,RI 02840

(401)847-1020

(401)847-1031(fax)

05031vanepropelleranemometer:

R.M. YoungCo.

TraverseCity, MI

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-234

(801) 752-3268

Page 6
Soil temperature(burial)CampbellThermocouple,Copper-constantanthermocouple:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

4000IR thermometer:

EverestInterscience,Inc.

P.O.Box 3640

Fullerton,CA 92634-3640

(714)992-4461

M1 dewpointhygrometer(with D2sensor):

GeneralEasternInstrumentsCorp.

Watertown,MA

HMP-35CVaisalahumidity sensor:

Vaisala,Inc.

Woburn,MA

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

Soil heatflux plate(modelF):

MiddletonInstruments,Inc.

P.O.Box 442

SouthMelbourne

Victoria,3205

Australia

Timedomainreflectometry(TDR):

G.S. GabelCorp.

Victoria,BC, Canada

CS105Barometer:

Vaisala,Inc.

Woburn,MA

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

Page7
TE525Tipping-bucketraingauge:

TexasElectronics

Distributor:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

Weighingraingauge:

Belfort InstrumentCo.

1600S.ClintonStreet

Baltimore,MD 21224

21x,CR10Dataloggingsystem:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551

Logan,UT 84321

(801)753-2342

(801)752-3268(fax)

TD-4X2N diaphragmpump:

BrailsfordCo.

670Milton Road

Rye,NY 10580

(914)967-1820

(914)967-1836(fax)

DOA-V191-AAdiaphragmpump:

Gast,Inc.

P.O.Box 97

BentonHarbor,MI

(616)926-6171

(616)925-8288(fax)

Bev-a-linetube:

ThermoplasticProcesses,Inc.

SterlingNS

Dekorontubing:

Wirex ControlsLtd.

9446McLaughlinRoadN. Unit #27

Brampton,ON

Canada,L6X 4H9

(905)459-0742

(905)450-8216

Page8
4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

In 1996,theeddycovarianceIRGA atthe33m heightwasautomaticallycalibratedby oneof the

eddycovariancePCsat midnighteveryday.A solenoidvalvewasopened,permittingnitrogengasto

flow intotheentranceof thesamplingtubefor 12seconds.Thisestablishedthevoltagesignals

correspondingto zeroCO2andwatervaporconcentrations.A secondsolenoidwasthenopenedfor 12

seconds,permittingdry airwith 350retool/toolCO2to enterthesamplingtube,therebycalibratingthe

analyzer.Thecomputerchangedthecalibrationparametersin thecontrolprogram,whichensuredthat

CO2concentrationwasaccurateto within _+1retool/tool.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

SeeSection4.2.1.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

See Section 4.2.1.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

The eddy covariance system consisted of a 3-D sonic anemometer/thermometer (SOLENT 1012R2A)

for detecting the three velocity components and air temperature, the latter being derived from the speed

of sound following Kaimal and Gaynor (1991), an open-path H20 krypton gas analyzer for measuring

water vapor density in the air, and a closed-path dual H20/C02 IRGA (LI-COR 6262) for measuring

water vapor density and CO2 concentration in the air.

The Solent sampled the wind speed components at 20.83 Hz, and its analog-to digital converter

sampled the LI-COR signals at 10 Hz. Prior to sampling, the latter signals had been passed through a

passive filter with a 7 Hz cut-off frequency. Spectral analysis showed that frequencies above 1 Hz

made almost no contribution to fluxes.

For the flux system, all raw data were recorded using PC systems with backup tape drives.

Half-hour fluxes were calculated online. For other measurements, all those data were recorded by data

loggers (model 21X, Campbell Scientific, Inc., Logan, UT), which were networked together, using

the model MD-9 network interface, along with the main system. Every 3 hours, this network

automatically transferred (using PC ANYWHERE software, Symantec Corp.) all data from the loggers

to a network computer. This computer was accessed from our laboratory at UBC through a

communication system, which comprised a modem, cellular phone, and Yagi antenna at the site, and a

phone and modem in the laboratory. The Yagi antenna was mounted above the trees, and the cellular

phone was housed in a thermostatically controlled box near the antenna. At midnight, the site computer

compressed the previous 24 hours of half-hour flux data, called the laboratory, and in 3 minutes

transferred (using Kermit file transfer software) the compressed data to the laboratory computer.

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

None.

6. Observations

Page 9
7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All data were collected at the BOREAS SSA-OA site in the Prince Albert National Park (PANP).

North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates for the site are:

• SSA-OA: latitude 53.62889 ° N, longitude 106.19779 ° W, and elevation of 600.63 m.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Although the eddy covariance measurement is made at one point, it is well known that the fluxes

measured with this technique can represent fluxes averaged over a relatively large area. An analysis of

the upwind land surface area that contributes to a scalar flux measurement, often referred to as "fetch"

or "footprint," is crucial in understanding the origins of the flux and any possible influences of spatial

heterogeneity. According to Blanken's (1997) results (using Schuepp et al., 1990, model), the

cumulative flux at 39 m reached 80% of the total flux at an upwind distance of 1,200 m under neutral

conditions, 900 m under typical daytime stability conditions, and 2,700 m under typical nighttime

stability conditions. The corresponding values for the 4 m height (above the understory) were 130, 80,

and 300 m. Baldocchi (1997) suggests the latter values are overestimates.. From the above results,

there was adequate fetch at the OA site because the forest extended for at least 3 km in all directions.

7.1.4 Projection

None.

7.1.5 Grid Description

None.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The flux data were collected from 20-April to 31-December-1996. The supporting meteorological

data were collected from 02-February-1996 to 31-December-1996. Note that Saskatchewan Research

Council (SRC) (Airborne Fluxes and Meteorology (AFM)-07) operated a MESONET site at the OA

(70 m southeast of main tower) through the study period.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The data reported are 30-minute statistical mean values.

7.3 Data Characteristics

Page 10
7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 39M

CO2 CONC 28M

CO2 CONC 22M

CO2 CONC 18M

CO2 CONC 10M

CO2 CONC 4M

CO2 CONC 2M

CO2 CONC 50CM

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

KINEM MOMENT FLUX ABV CNPY

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

VAR W WIND SPEED

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

H20 CONC 39M

H20 CONC 28M

H20 CONC 22M

H20 CONC 18M

H20 CONC 10M

H20 CONC 4M

H20 CONC 2M

H20 CONC 50CM

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY 2

SOLENT AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SOIL TEMP 2CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

Page 11
SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 3

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 4

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 0 15CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 15 30CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 30 60CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 60 90CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 90 120CM

REL HUM ABV CNPY

REL HUM ABV CNPY 2

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

RAINFALL

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY 2

UP SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

UP LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

data collection.

The sensible heat flux measured above the canopy.

The latent heat flux measured above the canopy.

The net radiation measured above the canopy.

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

Page 12
SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 39M

CO2 CONC 28M

CO2 CONC 22M

CO2 CONC 18M

CO2 CONC 10M

CO2 CONC 4M

CO2 CONC 2M

CO2 CONC 50CM

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

KINEM MOMENT FLUX ABV CNPY

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

VAR W WIND SPEED

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

H20 CONC 39M

H20 CONC 28M

1

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

4

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

6

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

7

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

8

The soil heat flux measured at 3 cm depth at plot

9

The soil heat flux measured at 8 cm depth.

The carbon dioxide flux measured above the

canopy.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured above

the canopy.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 39

m above ground level.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 28

m above ground level.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 22

m above ground level.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 18

m above ground level.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at i0

m above ground level.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 4 m

above ground level.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 2 m

above ground level.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 50

cm above the ground.

The above-canopy Bowen Ratio, defined as the

sensible heat flux divided by the latent heat

flux.

Kinematic momentum flux density measured above

the canopy.

The downward (incoming) photosynthetic photon

flux density measured above the canopy.

The reflected photosynthetic photon flux density

measured above the canopy.

The direction from which the wind is blowing (in

creasing in a clockwise direction from the North)

and measured above the canopy.

The wind speed measured above the canopy.

The friction velocity above the canopy.

Mean of a 30 minute period of the streamwise wind

speed.

Variance of the vertical wind velocity.

The water vapor concentration measured above the

canopy.

The water vapor concentration measured at 39 m

above ground level.

The water vapor concentration measured at 28 m

Page 13
H20 CONC22M

H20 CONC18H

H20 CONCI@H

H20 CONC4H

H20 CONC2H

H20 CONC5@CH

AIR TEHP ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY 2

SOLENT AIR TEHP ABV CNPY

SOIL TEHP 2CH

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 3

SOIL TEHP INT 3CH 4

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CH

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 0 15CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 15 30CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 30 60CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 60 90CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 90 120CM

REL HUM ABV CNPY

REL HUM ABV CNPY 2

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

above ground level

The water vapor concentration measured at 22 m

above ground level

The water vapor concentration measured at 18 m

above ground level

The water vapor concentration measured at i0 m

above ground level

The water vapor concentration measured at 4 m

above ground level

The water vapor concentration measured at 2 m

above ground level

The water vapor concentration measured at 50 cm

above the ground.

The air temperature measured above the canopy.

A second air temperature measured above the

canopy.

The air temperature measured by the Solent sonic

anemometer using the speed of sound

relationship.

Soil temperature at 2 cm depth.

Soil temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm.

Soil temperature at a depth of i0 cm.

Soil temperature at 20 cm depth.

Soil temperature measured at 50 cm depth.

The soil temperature recorded at 1 m in depth.

The temperature of the 0-3 cm surface layer

during the last 1 minute of the half hour from

integrating thermometer 3.

The temperature of the 0-3 cm surface layer

during the last 1 minute of the half hour from

integrating thermometer 4.

The soil water potential at 3 cm depth.

The soil water potential at 6 cm depth.

The soil water potential at 46 cm depth.

The soil water content between 0 and 15 cm depth,

measured by Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) .

The soil water content between 15 and 30 cm

depth, measured by Time Domain Reflectometry

(TDR) .

The soil water content between 30 and 60 cm

depth, measured by Time Domain Reflectometry

(TDR) .

The soil water content between 60 and 90 cm

depth, measured by Time Domain Reflectometry

(TDR) .

The soil water content between 90 and 120 cm

depth, measured by Time Domain Reflectometry

(TDR) .

The relative humidity measured above the canopy.

A second relative humidity measured above the

canopy.

Tree bole temperature at 0.2 cm depth from north

side.

Tree bole temperature at 4 cm depth from north

Page 14
BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

RAINFALL

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY 2

UP SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

UP LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

side.

Tree bole temperature at 8 cm depth from north

side.

Tree bole temperature at 12 cm depth from north

side.

Tree bole temperature at 15.8 cm depth from north

side.

The amount of rainfall measured above the canopy

over the 30 minute period.

The downward (incoming) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

A second downward (incoming) shortwave radiation

measurement taken above the canopy.

The reflected (outgoing) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The downward (incoming) longwave radiation

measured above the canopy.

The upward (outgoing) longwave radiation measured

above the canopy.

The atmospheric pressure measured at the station.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 39M

CO2 CONC 28M

CO2 CONC 22M

CO2 CONC 18M

CO2 CONC 10M

CO2 CONC 4M

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[micromoles] meter^-2] [second^-l]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

Page 15
CO2 CONC 2M

CO2--CONC--5@CM

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

KINEM MOMENT FLUX ABV CNPY

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

VAR W WIND SPEED

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

H20 CONC 39M

H20 CONC 28M

H20 CONC 22M

H20 CONC 18M

H20 CONC 10M

H20 CONC 4M

H20 CONC 2M

H20 CONC 50CM

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY 2

SOLENT AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SOIL TgMP 7CM -- --

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL--TEMP--100CM

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 3

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 4

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 0 15CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 15 30CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 30 60CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 60 90CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 90 120CM

REL HUM ABV CNPY

REL HUM ABV CNPY 2

BOL_ TE_P 2_H --

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

RAINFALL --

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY 2

UP SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

UP LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[unitless]

[meters^2] [second^-2]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[degrees]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters^2] [second^-2]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[MegaPascals]

[MegaPascals]

[MegaPascals]

[meter^3] [meter^-3]

[meter^3] [meter^-3]

[meter^3] [meter^-3]

[meter^3] [meter^-3]

[meter^3] [meter^-3]

[percent]

[percent]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[millimeters]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[kiloPascals]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

Page 16
7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 39M

CO2 CONC 28M

CO2 CONC 22M

CO2 CONC 18M

CO2 CONC 10M

CO2 CONC 4M

CO2 CONC 2M

CO2 CONC 50CM

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY

KINEM MOMENT FLUX ABV CNPY

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED

VAR W WIND SPEED

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

H20 CONC 39M

H20 CONC 28M

H20 CONC 22M

H20 CONC 18M

H20 CONC 10M

H20 CONC 4M

H20 CONC 2M

H20 CONC 50CM

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY 2

SOLENT AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

SOIL TEMP 2CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[IRGA]

[Net radiometer]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[soil heat flux plate]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[Supplied by Investigator.]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[quantum sensor]

[quantum sensor]

[vane propeller anemometer]

[vane propeller anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[krypton hygrometer]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[IRGA]

[thermometer]

[thermometer]

[Solent sonic anemometer]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

Page 17
SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 3

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 4

SOIL WATER POTENT 3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT 46CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 0 15CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 15 30CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 30 60CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 60 90CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 90 120CM

REL HUM ABV CNPY

REL HUM ABV CNPY 2

BOLE TEMP 2MM

BOLE TEMP 4CM

BOLE TEMP 8CM

BOLE TEMP 12CM

BOLE TEMP 158MM

RAINFALL

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY 2

UP SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

DOWN LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

UP LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY

SURF PRESS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[integrating thermometer]

[integrating thermometer]

[gypsum soil moisture block]

[gypsum soil moisture block]

[gypsum soil moisture block]

[TDR]

[TDR]

[TDR]

[TDR]

[TDR]

[dewpoint hygrometer]

[dewpoint hygrometer]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[thermocouple]

[tipping bucket rain gauge]

[pyranometer]

[pyranometer]

[pyranometer]

[pyrgeometer]

[pyrgeometer]

[barometer]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

[Assigned by BORIS.]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the p_ameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-9OA-FLXTR SSA-9OA-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF01-FLX01 9TF01-FLX01 None None None None

DATE OBS 01-APR-96 30-DEC-96 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2330 None None None None

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX -161.03 696.11 -999 None None None

ABV CNPY

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV -17.75

CNPY

NET RAD ABV CNPY -85 387

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 1 -9.29

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 4 -20.37

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6 -23 83

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7 -18

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8 -18

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9 -31

SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM -i0

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY -35

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY 323

32

24

5

45

289

91

545.3 -999 None None None

833.85

52 31

52 01

64 07

52 69

48 1

29 26

47 37

26 052

402.07

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

Page 18
CO2 CONC 39M -34.642 32.327 -999

CO2 CONC 28M 25.895 103.71 -999

CO2 CONC 22M -38.455 32.148 -999

CO2 CONC 18M 32.646 104.55 -999

CO2 CONC 10M 324.8 403.34 -999

CO2 CONC 4M 324.63 419.14 -999

CO2 CONC 2M 321.16 416.14 -999

CO2 CONC 50CM 320.09 413.04 -999

4 -999

.144 -999

BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY -4

KINEM MOMENT FLUX -2.65

ABV CNPY

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY -.83782

UP PPFD ABV CNPY -.94906

WIND DIR ABV CNPY 12.746

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY 0

FRICTION VEL ABV .002

CNPY

MEAN U WIND SPEED .022

VAR W WIND SPEED 0

H20 CONC ABV CNPY -.215

H20 CONC 39M 320.55

H20 CONC 28M 324.84

H20 CONC 22M 326.1

H20 CONC 18M 307.29

H20 CONC 10M 2.871

H20 CONC 4M 2.891

H20 CONC 2M 2.896

H20 CONC 50CM 2.909

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY -34.451

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY 2 -33.378

SOLENT AIR TEMP ABV -34.207

CNPY

SOIL TEMP 2CM -2.9

SOIL TEMP 5CM -2.341

SOIL TEMP 10CM -2.117

SOIL TEMP 20CM -1.584

SOIL TEMP 50CM -.602

SOIL TEMP 100CM .223

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 3 -6 096

SOIL TEMP INT 3CM 4 -2 103

SOIL WATER POTENT -i 3

3CM

SOIL WATER POTENT -i 3

6CM

SOIL WATER POTENT -i 3

46CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT 0 .14

15CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT .08

15 30CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT .17

30 60CM

SOIL WATER CONTENT .2

60 90CM

2021 .7

194 .43

349.48

8 994

1 628

9 673

3 681

22.144

516.64

656.1

681.11

819.24

27 459

25 854

26 526

26 307

31 492

30 343

32 67

17 64

15 495

14 838

13 454

ii 791

i0 241

20 6

21 48

-. 03

-.006

-.015

.7

.46

.38

.37

Page 19

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

-999

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Blank

Blank

Blank

Blank

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None
SOILWATERCONTENT .24

90 120CM

RELHUMABVCNPY 19.139

RELHUMABVCNPY2 27.707

BOLETEMP2MM -35.61

BOLETEMP4CM -35.66

BOLETEMP8CM -35.57

BOLETEMP12CM -35.26

BOLETEMP158MM -35.26

RAINFALL 0

DOWNSHORTWAVE RAD -5.106

ABVCNPY

DOWNSHORTWAVE RAD 0

ABVCNPY2

.36

105

121.55

36 36

30 25

28 59

28

30 31

20 57

97 .41

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

-999 None None None

None None None None

-999 None None None

972.8 -999 None None None

UP SHORTWAVE RADABV-.91769 143.75 -999 None None None

CNPY

DOWNLONGWAVERAD 125.42 405.23 -999 None None None

ABVCNPY

UP LONGWAVERADABV 189.8 479.07 -999 None None None

CNPY

SURFPRESS 91.23 96.86 -999 None None None

CRTFCNCODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISIONDATE 18-AUG-99 18-AUG-99 None None None None

MinimumData Value -- The minimumvalue found in the column.

MaximumData Value -- The maximumvalue found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was madeto determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was madeto determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemedto be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was madeto determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was madeto

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIScombined several similar but

not identical data sets into the samedata base table

but this particular science team did not

measurethat parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

Page 20
7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY,NET RAD ABV CNPY, SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM i,

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 47SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 6,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 7,

SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 8,SOIL HEAT FLUX 3CM 9,SOIL HEAT FLUX 8CM, CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY,

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY,CO2 CONC 39M, CO2 CONC 28M, CO2 CONC 22M, CO2 CONC 18M,

CO2 CONC 10M, CO2 CONC 4M, CO2 CONC 2M, CO2 CONC 50CM, BOWEN RATIO ABV CNPY,

KINEM MOMENT FLUX ABV--CNPY,DOWN PPFD ABV--CNPYTUP PPFD ABV CNPY7 --

WIND DIR ABV CNPY,WIND SPEED ABV CNPY,FRICTION VEL ABV CNPY,HEAN U WIND SPEED,

VAR W WIND SPEED,H20 CONC ABV CNPY,H20 CONC 39H, H20 CONC 28H, H20 CONC 22H,

H20 CONC 18H, H20 CONC I@H, H20 CONC 4H, H20 CONC 2H, H20 CONC 5@CH,

AIR TEHP ABV CNPY,AIR TEHP ABV CNPY 2,SOLENT AIR TEHP ABV CNPY, SOIL TEHP 2CH,

SOIL TEMP 5CM, SOIL TEMP 10CM, SOIL TEMP 20CM, SOIL--TEMP--S0CM, SOIL TEMP 100CM,

SOIL TEHP INT 3CH 3,SOIL TEHP INT 3CH 4,SOIL WATER POTENT 3CH,

SOIL WATER POTENT 6CH, SOIL WATER POTENT 46CH, SOIL WATER CONTENT @ 15CH,

SOIL WATER CONTENT 15 3@CH, SOIL WATER CONTENT 3@ 6@CH, SOIL WATER CONTENT 6@ 9@CH,

SOIL--WATER--CONTENT 90 120CM, REL--HUM ABV CNPY,REL HUM ABV CNPY 2,BOLE TEMP 2MM,

BOLE TEHP 4CH, BOLE TEHP 8CH, BOLE TEHP 12CH, BOLE TEHP 158HH, RAINFALL,

DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY,DOWN SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY 2,

UP SHORTWAVE RAD ABV CNPY,DOWN LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY,UP LONGWAVE RAD ABV CNPY,

SURF PRESS,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', '9TF01-FLX01',01-JUN-96,0,71.004,22.942,209.19,21.89,18.25,

25.16,15.71,14.27,14.59,21.03,-.3088,360.12,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,

-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,2.755,-.035,665.92,22.477,152.14,.905,.188,.716

.15,6.85,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,20.871,

19.806,20.203,12.12,10.591,10.011,8.502,5.983,4.139,13.21,15.69,-.031,-.031

-.032,.58,.44,.37,.36,.34,26.505,34.811,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,

0.0,-999.0,319.87,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,93.91, 'CPI',18-AUG-99

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', '9TF01-FLX01',01-JUN-96,30,55.252,55.375,121 15,20.78,17.01

23.49,15.4,13.57,13.87,19.59,1.3347,360.11,-999.0,-999.0,-99 .0,-999.0,

-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,.888,-.238,505.26,16.884,64.246,2.261,.488,2.556,

.293,7.983,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,20.447,

19.835,20.047,11.98,10.55,10.0,8.54,5.99,4.143,13.09,15.32,-.031,-.031,-.032,

.58,.44,.37,.36,.34,30.952,38.186,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,0.0,

-999.0,242.5,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,93.91, 'CPI',18-AUG-99

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was data collected

at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

Page 21
9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

There are many equations and formulae used in the calculations of fluxes from the raw voltage

signals. Readers are referred to the relevant references for details.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

Averages, variances, and covariances are calculated in real time, and coordinate rotation is applied

on the half-hourly covariances and variances. WPL corrections were made to the water vapor and

carbon dioxide fluxes measured using the closed-path LI-COR 6262 IRGA.

BORIS staff processed these data by:

• Reviewing the initial data files and loading them online for BOREAS team access.

• Designing relational data base tables to inventory and store the data.

• Loading the data into the relational data base tables.

• Working with the team to document the data set.

• Extracting the data into logical files.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

WPL corrections were made to the water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes measured using the

closed-path LI-COR 6262 IRGA. Broadening correction was done, but not online (see Chen et al.,

1998, for summary of theory).

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

The Bowen ratio is the ratio of the sensible to latent heat flux.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

See Black et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1998; Blanken, 1997; and Yang, 1998.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

None given.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Data were checked and flagged for various conditions in the original data base at UBC (Z. Nesic).

Relatively little data were missing in 4-m measurements in 1994 and 39-m measurements in 1996.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

Page 22
10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined to check for spikes, values that are four standard deviations from the mean,

long periods of constant values, and missing data.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

The soil heat flux plates at plots 2, 3, and 5 did not collect any usable data.

11.3 Usage Guidance

Read this document carefully or contact Drs. T.A. Black and Z. Chen.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

These data are useful for the study of water, energy, and carbon exchange in a mature aspen forest.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

Data collection from the SSA-OA tower continued after 1996. Contact Dr. T.A. Black for information

about these data.

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

Page 23
15. Data Access

The SSA-OA tower flux, meteorological, and soil temperature data are available from the Earth

Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 24
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Baldocchi, D.D. 1997. Flux footprints within and over forest canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorology,

85, 273-292.

Black, T.A., G. den Hartog, H.H. Neumann, P.D. Blanken, P.C. Yang, C. Russell, and Z. Nesic.

1996. Annual cycle of water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes in and above a boreal aspen forest.

Global Change Biology, 2, 101-111.

Blanken, P.D. 1997. Evaporation within and above a boreal aspen forest. Ph.D. Thesis of UBC,

79-84.

Chen, W.J., T.A. Black, P.C. Yang, A.G. Barr, H.H. Neumann, Z. Nesic, P.D. Blanken, M.D.

Novak, J. Eley, R.J. Ketler, and R. Cuenca. 1998. Effects of climatic variability on the annual carbon

sequestration by a boreal aspen forest. Global Change Biology (in press).

Fritschen, L.J. and L.W. Gay. 1979. Environmental Instrumentation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New

York and Heidelberg.

Fuchs, M. and C.B. Tanner. 1968. Calibration and field tests of soil heat flux plates. Soil Science

Society of America Proceedings, 32, 326-328.

Hook, W.R. and N.J.Livingston. 1996. Errors in converting time domain reflectometry measurements

of propagation velocity to estimated of soil water content. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 59, 35-41.

Kaimal, J.C. and J.E. Gaynor. 1991. Another look at sonic thermometry. Boundary-Layer

Meteorology, 56, 401-410.

Lee, X., T.A. Black, and M.D. Novak. 1994. Comparison of flux measurements with open-and

closed-path gas analyzers above an agricultural field and a forest floor. Boundary-Layer Meteorology,

67, 1995-202.

Leuning, R. and K.M. King. 1992. Comparison of eddy covariance measurements of CO2 fluxes by

open- and closed-path CO2 analyzers. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 59, 297-311.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Pearcy, R.W., J. Ehleringer, H.A. Mooney, and P.W. Rundel. 1991. Plant physiological ecology:

Field methods and instrumentation. Chapman and Hall, London and New York.

Schuepp P.H., M.Y. Leclerc, J.I. MacPerson, and R.L. Desjardins. 1990. Footprint prediction of

scalar fluxes from analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 50,

355-373.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Page 25
Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1996-2.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1994

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC94).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.RansomD. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Webb,E.K., G.I.Pearman,andR. Leuning. 1980.Correctionof flux measurementsfor density

effectsdueto heatandwatervaportransfer.QuarterlyJournalof theRoyalMeteorologicalSociety,

106,85-100.

Yang,P.C.1998.Carbondioxideflux within andaboveaborealaspenforest.Ph.D.thesis,

UniversityofBritish Columbia,Vancouver,Canada.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

AES

AFM

ASCII

ATD

ATI

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

i.d.

19. List Of Acronyms

- Atmospheric Environment Service

- Airborne Fluxes and Meteorology

- American Standard Code for Information

- Atmospheric Technology Division

- Applied Technologies, Inc.

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hyper-Text Markup Language

- inner diameter

Interchange

Page 26
IFC

IR

IRGA

LAI

NAD83

NASA

NEP

NSA

OA

ORNL

PANP

PAR

PC

PPFD

SRC

SSA

TDR

TF

UBC

URL

- Intensive Field Campaign

- Infrared

- Infrared Gas Analyzer

- Leaf Area Index

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Net Ecosystem Productivity

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Photosynthetically Active Radiation

- Personal Computer

- Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

- Saskatchewan Research Council

- Southern Study Area

- Time Domain Reflectometry

- Tower Flux

- University of British Columbia

- Uniform Resource Locator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 04-Sep- 1998

Last Updated: 03-Nov- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 04-May- 1999

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

Data were collected and processed by T.A. Black and Z. Nesic of the University of British

Columbia.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROMs please also reference the data as:

Black, T.A. and Z. Nesic, "Boreal Forest Atmosphere Interactions: Exchanges of Energy, Water

Vapor and Trace Gases." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J.

Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A.

Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 27
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

October 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-1 SSA-OA Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

T. Andrew Black, Z. Chen, and Zoran Nesic

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vo1.189

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

T.A. Black, Z. Chen, and Z. Nesic: University of British Columbia, Vancouver;

K. Huemmrich: University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-1 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and momentum flux data above the

canopy along with meteorological and soils data at the BOREAS SSA-OA site from mid-April to the

end of the year for 1996. The data are available in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux, meteorological data, soils data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

2'7

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

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