Industrial Technologies Program — Boosting the Productivity and 

Competitiveness of U.S. Industry 

Industry consumes 33 percent of all energy used in the United States. By developing and adopting more 

energy efficiency technologies, U.S. industry can boost its productivity and competitiveness while 

strengthening national energy security, improving the environment, and reducing emissions linked to global 

climate change. 

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) works in 

partnership with U.S. industry to increase the efficiency of energy and materials use, both now and in the 

future. Through an innovative strategy known as Industries of the Future (IOF), EERE’s Industrial 

Technologies Program (ITP) seeks to improve the energy intensity of the U.S. industrial sector through a 

coordinated program of research and development (R&D), validation, and dissemination of energy efficiency 

technologies and operating practices. ITP develops, manages, and implements a balanced portfolio that 

addresses industry requirements throughout the technology development cycle. The primary long-term 

strategy is to invest in high-risk, high-return R&D. Investments are focused on technologies and practices 

that provide clear public benefit but for which market barriers prevent adequate private-sector investment. 

The IOF strategy maximizes the energy and environmental benefits of ITP’s process-specific technology 

investments by forming collaborative partnerships with energy–intensive industries. These collaborations 

aim to effectively plan and implement comprehensive R&D agendas and help disseminate and share best 

energy management practices throughout the United States. The IOF public-private partnerships also 

facilitate voluntary efforts, such as the President’s Climate VISION initiative, to encourage industry and 

government to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ITP focuses its resources on a small number of energyintensive materials and process industries that account for over 75 percent of industrial energy consumption: 

• Aluminum • Glass • Petroleum Refining 

• Chemicals • Metal Casting • Steel 

• Forest Products • Mining 

ITP also conducts R&D projects on enabling technologies that are common to many industrial processes such 

as industrial energy systems, combustion, materials, and sensors and process control systems. In addition, 

ITP funds technical assistance activities to stimulate near-term adoption of best energy-saving technologies 

and practices within industry. These activities include plant assessments, tool development and training, 

information dissemination, and showcase demonstrations. 

New technologies that use energy efficiently also lower emissions and improve productivity. By leveraging 

technical and financial resources of industry and government, the IOF partnerships have generated 

significant energy and environmental improvements that benefit the nation and America’s businesses. 

Energy-intensive industries face enormous competitive pressures that make it difficult to make the necessary 

R&D investments in technology to ensure future efficiency gains. Without a sustained commitment by the 

private and public sectors to invest in new technology R&D and deployment, the ability to close the gap 

between U.S. energy supply and demand will be severely compromised. 

i 
CONTENTS 

Executive Summary—Glass Industry of the Future (IOF) .............................................................................. iv


Glass Industry Overview .................................................................................................................................... 1


Glass Industry Shipments and Trade ................................................................................................................... 1


Energy Use .......................................................................................................................................................... 2


The Challenge ..................................................................................................................................................... 5


An Energy-Intensive Industry .............................................................................................................................. 5


Strategy for Improving Glass Industry Energy Efficiency .................................................................................... 6


FY 2003 Highlights and Accomplishments ...................................................................................................... 8


R&D Highlights .................................................................................................................................................... 8


Glass IOF Projects With Completed Government Funding in FY 2003 ............................................................... 8


Active Glass IOF Projects in FY 2003 .................................................................................................................... 9


Other ITP and EERE Projects Relevant to the Glass Industry ............................................................................. 11


Partnership Highlights ....................................................................................................................................... 12


Improving Energy Efficiency Today ................................................................................................................... 12


Disseminating Research Results to Industry ...................................................................................................... 13


Energy Analysis - Targeting Energy Efficiency.................................................................................................... 13


Tools, Publications, and Resources Available ................................................................................................. 14


How To Get Involved and Contact Information ............................................................................................ 15


Partnership Information ................................................................................................................................... 15


Access to Resources and Expertise....................................................................................................................... 15


Where to Get More Information ....................................................................................................................... 16


ii 
EXHIBITS 

1. Value of Industry Shipments by Sub-Section, 2001 ........................................................................................ 1


2. Energy Use in the Glass Industry .................................................................................................................... 3


3. Energy Footprint for the U.S. Glass Industry ................................................................................................. 4


4. Process and Technology Improvements Target Energy Efficiency................................................................... 7


iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY—GLASS INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE 

Today, the glass industry faces significant challenges in maintaining its competitive standing in global 

markets. Competition from developing countries where energy and labor are cheaper is putting pressure on 

U.S. producers. These conditions are exacerbated by the increasing volatility of domestic energy prices and 

supplies. Growing societal demands for environmental stewardship, and demand for shorter-term returns on 

investment continue to impact the availability of R&D funds, especially for basic and applied research. 

Productivity improvements and economic weakness have led to workforce reductions in the industry. These 

challenges have led to a major change in this highly competitive industry. Companies are now more willing 

to collaborate in strategic, pre-competitive areas to reduce costs, environmental impacts, and energy use. 

The U.S. glass industry is a significant consumer of energy in the manufacturing sector, using an estimated 

254 trillion Btu of energy in 1998. More importantly, the high proportion of energy costs (between 15 and 

20 percent, depending on segment) as a percent of direct production costs in the industry makes the glass 

industry a prime target for energy efficiency R&D. Increasingly stringent environmental regulations 

associated with the combustion of fuels, used primarily for process heating in the glass industry, and the 

growing volatility of energy markets are making investments in energy efficiency R&D more attractive. In 

addition, the glass industry’s fuel of choice, natural gas, has encountered two major price spikes since the 

beginning of the decade. Furthermore, our growing dependence on imported energy threatens our national 

energy security and makes a strong case for reducing the use of energy. 

Significant advancements in melting technology are needed to revolutionize the way energy is used in glass 

manufacturing. Energy consumed in the manufacturing of glass products is generally two to three times the 

theoretical minimum. More efficient process heating technology can significantly reduce the use of fuels and 

electricity required for glass processing. 

A Successful Partnership with Industry The Glass IOF will help the glass 

industry achieve a 50 percent 

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and reduction in the gap between 

Renewable Energy (EERE) leads the federal role in developing advanced 1995 melting energy use and the 

energy efficiency and environmentally friendly industrial technologies. theoretical minimum by 2020. 

Glass industry R&D is a component of the overall EERE strategy and 

contributes to the goals outlined in the National Energy Policy. Improving 

energy efficiency in glass manufacturing as well as improving glass products will reduce the energy intensity 

of industry and could directly reduce the amount of petroleum imported into the United States, two of 

EERE’s top priorities. 

The EERE Industrial Technologies Program implements the Glass Industries of the Future (IOF) effort, which 

seeks to boost efficiency and productivity of the energy- and resource-intensive glass industry by investing in 

a balanced R&D portfolio with broad applicability in furnace operations. The Glass IOF works in 

partnership with the Glass Manufacturing Industry Council, an organization representing the technology 

needs of the U.S. glass industry. The groups comprising the partnership work with industry, academia, 

national laboratories, and others to promote technology development of more environmentally sound 

energy efficiency technologies. By partnering, the Glass IOF leverages public and private resources and 

ensures the application of research results. 

Achieving Energy Savings: Portfolio Strategy 

The Glass IOF supports a portfolio of cost-shared, pre-competitive research addressing key technological needs 

that have broad applicability throughout the glass industry. The strategy fosters both revolutionary 

technologies and incremental improvement to existing processes, thereby addressing long-term goals without 

neglecting short-term opportunities to improve energy efficiency. As the Glass IOF shifts toward supporting a 

smaller number of riskier and more costly high-impact projects, research activities are organized into the 

following categories: next generation melting systems, energy efficiency performance improvements, 

advanced processing and environmental R&D, and technology deployment. The FY 2003 Glass Portfolio 

iv 
included 13 R&D projects. Many other projects funded by EERE are applicable to the glass industry. More 

information about the Glass IOF portfolio is available on the Industrial Technologies Program Web site at 

www.oit.doe.gov/glass. 

FY 2003 Highlights 

•	 Three New Awards Underway - Three new projects were negotiated and awarded through a competitive 

solicitation. Two of the three new awards are high-risk projects that involve developing innovative glass 

melting techniques that could significantly reduce energy and capital requirements. All three projects 

have been initiated. 

•	 Technology Transfer Efforts for Advanced Glass Furnace Model Begin - Validation studies on the 

second version of the glass furnace model developed by Argonne National Laboratory continued at five 

participating companies. The more robust, final version of the code is now operational, and additional 

validation studies are being conducted. A technology transfer workshop was held to introduce the code 

to the glass industry, and licensing discussions have also been conducted. 

•	 High-Luminosity, Low-NOx Burner Undergoes Additional Field Testing - Commercial-scale versions of 

the high-luminosity, low NOx burner developed by the Gas Technology Institute and Combustion Tec 

underwent long-term evaluation. An oxy-fuel fired fiberglass furnace was fully outfitted with several of 

the commercial-scale burners. In addition, another long-term test is ongoing on an oxy-fuel fired flat 

glass furnace fully outfitted with the burners through a National Industrial Competitiveness through 

Energy, Environment, and Economics (NICE3

) grant. While detailed results are not yet available, 

performance has predominantly met expectations for energy savings and emissions reductions. The 

burner should be commercially available in FY 2004. 

•	 Allied Partnership Signed with GMIC - An Allied Partnership agreement was signed with the Glass 

Manufacturing Industry Council (GMIC) in June 2003. This agreement formalizes a relationship 

between DOE and GMIC that will lead to the implementation of numerous energy improvement 

technologies and techniques across the glass industry. The GMIC has already hosted two energy 

efficiency training workshops, one on compressed air and the other on process heating. 

•	 Furnace Energy Assessment Best Practice Recently Developed - An energy assessment best practice 

protocol for oxy-fuel firing optimization is nearing completion. Measurements have been completed and 

data analysis is underway. Several opportunities have been identified that can help optimize furnace 

operations and reduce energy consumption. 

•	 Resource CD-ROM Released - An updated resource CD-ROM for glass manufacturers was released. The 

CD-ROM provides tips and tools for spotting energy-saving opportunities in glass plants today, as well as 

details on energy efficiency technologies. 

Additional research and partnership highlights can be found in Section 3, FY 2003 Highlights and 

Accomplishments. 

v 
GLASS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 

Glass is an integral part of the American lifestyle and a staple of the nation’s economic success. Its 

popularity as a material stems from its transparent, durable, recyclable, and nonpermeable qualities. The 

U.S. glass industry is comprised of four major segments based on end products: 

• Container glass (bottles, jars, packaging) 

• Flat glass (windows, automobile windshields, picture glass) 

• Fiberglass (insulation fiberglass, optical fibers, textile fibers) 

•	 Pressed and blown glass (television tubes, light bulbs, table and ovenware, scientific and medical 

glassware) 

The U.S. glass industry employs over 140,000 workers at approximately 2,500 facilities throughout the nation, 

including workers from a fifth glass industry segment, products of purchased glass. This segment includes 

items such as mirrors, ornaments, art glass, and aquariums. 

Competitive global markets and technological change have led to accelerated restructuring, joint ventures, 

mergers, and acquisition activities throughout the industry. Glass companies today are often diversified into 

other related products, such as ceramic, packaging, and building materials, and other higher margin 

products. Glass companies rely on technology, science, and innovation to create value-added products and 

gain ground in new markets. However, large capital investments are required to keep glass manufacturing 

plants operating at a competitive level. U.S. glass companies’ products compete with both foreign sources 

and, in many segments, other materials such as plastics and metals. 

While all glass product segments have melting in common, there are both real and perceived differences in 

which types of melting satisfy their individual business needs, such as production rate and compositional 

flexibility. Another key attribute is glass quality, and requirements vary from sector to sector. The most 

significant quality parameter between sectors is the amount of small gaseous inclusions, called seeds, which 

are allowed to remain in the molten glass. Seeds influence the aesthetics and service performance of glass 

products. For example, customers would not tolerate bubbles in auto windshields, but would not care about 

imperfections in residential insulation fiberglass. 

Glass Industry Shipments and Trade 

In 2001, U.S. glass industry shipments totaled nearly $28 billion. Exhibit 1 shows the value of shipments for


the major sub-sectors. Products of purchased glass lead the industry in shipments with 39 percent of the


total, followed by pressed and blown glass (19


percent), mineral wool/fiber (17 percent), container


glass (15 percent), and flat glass (10 percent). Over Exhibit 1 Industry Shipments by Segment, 2001


the last decade, the industry has grown at an average


rate of about 1 to 2 percent per year, with highest


growth rates in the flat and fiberglass segments.


During the 1990’s, industry consolidation continued


and high-value niche industries such as fiber optics


and glass for electronics began to gain market share.


Along with consolidation has come an increase in


foreign ownership. Today, the U.S. industry has


fewer major players in most industry segments.


While commodity glass products continue to form


the core of the industry, the highest future growth is


predicted to occur in specialty applications. The U.S.


glass industry has generally maintained a small trade


deficit (around 1-2 percent of net shipments).


Annual production of the U.S. glass industry is


approximately 20 million tons. Production of


container and flat glass is estimated to be about 9 

Products of 

Purchased Glass 

39% 

Container 

15%

Flat 

10% 

Fiber 

17% 

Pressed and Blown 

19% 

Source: Annual Survey of Manufactures, DOC.


million tons and 5 million tons, respectively.


1
Energy Use 

In 1998, energy consumption in the glass industry was estimated at approximately 254 trillion Btu. Energy 

use in the glass industry is used primarily for process heating. During the last decade, significant 

improvements have been made in energy efficiency, reducing energy use per unit of output substantially 

since the early 1970s. Technologies such as advanced burners, improved refractories, and oxy-fuel firing have 

played a major role in efficiency improvements. 

Exhibit 2 shows the glass industry’s energy inputs by source. Natural gas provides the largest share of energy 

for heat and power. Electricity is primarily used for furnace heating and machine-driven equipment. 

The industry spent $1.8 billion in energy purchases for fuel and power in 2001, a nearly 30 percent increase 

over energy costs in 1997. The dramatic increases in natural gas prices in 2000 and 2001 have had a 

substantial negative impact on the industry. 

Energy end-use patterns can be illustrated through the use of an energy footprint, shown in Exhibit 3, which 

identifies both energy use and losses due to equipment and system inefficiencies. Process heating, mostly 

from glass melting and refining, represents the largest use of fuels in the glass industry (91 percent). About 

18 percent of energy delivered to the plant is lost prior to being used in specific processes. Electricity use is 

primarily split between process heating (43 percent) and motor-driven equipment (41 percent). Technologies 

that improve the efficiency of process heating systems have significant potential to reduce overall industry 

energy use. 

The total primary energy associated with the glass 

industry is 372 trillion Btu, which includes energy losses 

associated with the generation of power at off-site 

utilities, and the transport of fuels to the plant site. As 

shown in Exhibit 3, these off-site losses are considerable, 

amounting to about 118 trillion Btu. 

While not estimated by the energy footprint, process 

operations represent substantial energy sinks where new 

Glass Segment Average Melting/Refining Energy 

Consumption, 1998 (million Btu/ton of glass) 

Flat Glass 8.6 

Fiber Glass 8.4 

Pressed and Blown Glass 7.3 

Container Glass 5.5 

technology as well as incremental improvements can have an impact. Glass furnaces, for example, the 

mainstay of the industry, often operate with less than optimal thermal efficiencies. 

In theory, only 2.2-2.7 million Btu/ton are required to melt a ton of glass, depending on the composition of 

the glass. Energy is required for the heat of reaction and enthalpy of glass and gases emitted. However, 

inefficiencies cause the process to consume considerably more energy than is theoretically required, as much 

of the heat is lost through furnace walls and exhaust gases. In practice, two or three times the theoretical 

minimum is consumed during the melting and refining of glass. 

2
Exhibit 2


Energy Use in the Glass Industry


Glass Industry 

• 2001 shipments of $27.7 billion • 254 trillion Btu of electricity and fuels consumed 

annually 

• Purchased energy costs in 2001 of $1.8 billion • 143,000 employees, of which 81 percent are 

production workers earning 17 percent more than the manufacturing average 

Electricity 166 Trillion Btu 

112 Trillion Btu 

54 Trillion Btu 

200 Trillion Btu 

Fuels 

Transmission, Distribution, and Generation Losses 

254 Trillion Btu 

The Glass IOF R&D puse by 49 trillion Btu 

Batch Preparation 

and Charging, 5% 

Finishing, 

19% 

Forming, 19% Natural Gas, 77% 

Electricity, 21% 

Other, 2% 

3
Exhibit 3 Energy Footprint for the U.S. Glass Industry


4
THE CHALLENGE 

Glass products are an integral part of the American economy and everyday life. Glass products are used in 

food and beverage packaging, lighting, communications, transportation, and building construction. 

Today, the U.S. glass industry faces significant challenges in maintaining its leadership position in global 

markets. Competition from developing countries is putting increasing pressure on U.S. producers, 

particularly countries where energy and labor are cheaper and government subsidies help to fuel new 

industry with less stringent regulations. Growing societal demands for cleaner production and 

environmental stewardship continue to place increasing pressure on limited R&D funds. Demand for 

shorter-term returns on investment in recent years has also limited the amount of capital available for 

research activities, especially basic and applied research. The workforce in the glass industry has dropped in 

recent years by more than 5 percent, from 150,000 in 1997 to 143,000 in 2001. 

The competitive demands facing glass companies have led to a major change within this highly competitive 

industry. For the first time in several decades, glass companies are now willing to collaborate in strategic, precompetitive areas to reduce costs, environmental impacts, and energy use. The industry has emphasized in 

the Glass Industry Technology Roadmap that collaborative partnerships involving government, industry, and 

academia will be critical to meeting the technology challenges of the future and accelerating the pace of 

technological innovation. Recognizing that R&D consortia could benefit both industry and the nation, the 

industry organized the Glass Manufacturing Industry Council, an association of major U.S. glass companies 

and supporting organizations. This group works with government and academia to promote the 

development of more environmentally sound energy efficiency glass technologies. 

An Energy-Intensive Industry 

Energy is a major factor in the technology equation for the glass industry. The U.S. glass industry consumed 

an estimated 254 trillion Btu of energy in 1998. The magnitude of energy consumed by the industry makes it 

a prime target for energy efficiency R&D, with potentially large energy savings opportunities. In 2001, energy 

costs accounted on average for about 19 percent of direct glassmaking production costs. The industry relies 

primarily on natural gas to provide heating for the manufacture of glass products. 

While tremendous advances have been made in energy efficiency since the oil crises of the 1970s, the industry 

still relies on many processes that are relatively inefficient and energy-intensive. When energy costs are low 

relative to the costs of processing and other inputs to production, investments in energy efficiency often take 

a backseat to investments in environmental compliance or product development. However, increasingly 

stringent environmental regulations associated with the combustion of fuels and the growing volatility of 

energy markets are moving energy efficiency to the forefront. The record high prices for natural gas over the 

last two years, for example, have forced plants to close and to move new projects out of North America where 

natural gas is cheap and plentiful. 

The government and the glass industry have overlapping interests for improving energy efficiency. By 

improving the efficiency of glassmaking, the glass industry benefits by reducing production costs and by 

becoming more competitive. The government also desires both near- and long-term solutions for reducing 

domestic energy consumption. Innovative glass products which require consumers to use less energy will also 

help the United States reduce energy demand. However, permanent technology changes, rather than shortterm fixes, are needed to revolutionize the way energy is used in glass manufacturing. Efforts have been 

initiated to develop a next-generation melting system to significantly reduce energy requirements needed for 

glassmaking. 

Glass industry R&D is a component of the overall EERE strategy to improve energy efficiency and contributes 

to the goals outlined in the National Energy Policy. Specifically, improving energy efficiency in glass 

manufacturing will reduce the energy intensity of industry and indirectly reduce the amount of petroleum 

imported into the United States, two of EERE’s top priorities. 

5
Strategy for Improving Glass Industry Energy Efficiency 

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) leads the 

federal role in developing advanced energy efficiency and environmentally friendly industrial technologies. 

The EERE Industrial Technologies Program implements the Glass Industry of the Future (IOF) effort, which 

seeks to boost efficiency and productivity of the energy-intensive glass industry. 

The Glass IOF responds to the unique challenges in the glass industry by supporting collaborative, 

innovative R&D improvements in process technologies and design tools and methodologies; promoting 

demonstrations of promising technologies; and promoting the implementation of best practices and 

emerging technologies that will contribute to the ITP goal of helping industry achieve a 30 percent reduction 

in energy consumption per unit of output by 

2020. The objective of the Glass IOF is to 

reduce energy use in the glass industry by 49 

trillion Btu per year by 2020. 

The Glass IOF works in partnership with the 

Glass Manufacturing Industry Council 

(GMIC) on an ongoing basis to identify 

research priorities with broad applicability in 

the glass industry. The GMIC was established 

to represent the needs of the entire glass 

industry, bridging diverse interests and 

creating a unified voice. By partnering with 

GMIC and fostering collaboration with glass 

industry partners, the Glass IOF leverages 

public and private resources and ensures the 

application of research results. 

The Glass IOF created the impetus for the 

industry to develop a long-term vision and 

roadmap. Glass IOF solicitations reflect the 

priorities in the vision and roadmaps, as well 

as ITP’s analysis of opportunities for energy 

savings, national priorities, and appropriate 

federal role. To assure broad participation 

among glass companies, glass IOF solicitations 

are announced via email to the GMIC listserv, 

in trade society publications, Web sites, 

meetings, the Commerce Business Daily, 

FedBizOpps, and the Glass IOF Web site. 

Selection of projects follows merit-based 

criteria that emphasize projected energy, 

environmental, and economic benefits based 

GMIC 

The Glass Manufacturing Industry Council (GMIC) is a trade association of the U.S. 

glass industry that includes among its members representatives of all four sectors: 

Flat, Container, Fiber, and Specialty. GMIC, incorporated in September 1998, is 

moving forward on a broad front to promote the interests and growth of the U.S. 

glass industry as a whole. Its formation represents a milestone development for the 

industry. Other industries (steel, aluminum, forest and paper products, etc.) have had 

organizations that operated on behalf of the entire industry and that were effective in 

consolidating benefits for the industry as a whole. Until the formation of the GMIC, the 

U.S. glass industry has had no “umbrella” body to represent its interests. 

The mission of the Glass Manufacturing Industry Council is: 

“To facilitate, organize, and promote the interests and growth of the U.S. glass 

industry through cooperation in the areas of technology, productivity and the 

environment.” 

GMIC Members 

Core Associate 

CertainTeed Advanced Manufacturing Center


Corning, Inc. Air Liquide America


Fire and Light Originals L.P. BOC Gases


Johns Manville Center for Glass Research


Leone Industries Eclipse/Combustion Tec


Longhorn Glass Gas Technology Institute


Owens Corning Mississippi State University (DIAL)


Osram Sylvania Pacific Northwest National Laboratory


PPG Industries (fiberglass) Praxair, Inc.


Saint-Gobain Containers Siemens Energy & Automation


Saint-Gobain Vetrotex America Unimin Corporation


Schott Glass Technologies U.S. Borax


Society for Glass Science and Practices Westinghouse Savannah River Company


Techneglas


Visteon


on sound analysis using a standardized procedure available in the on-line Project Evaluation Tool (http:// 

www.energetics.com/glasstool). This rigorous solicitation development and implementation process ensures 

targeted, competitive solicitations for pre-competitive R&D. 

The Glass IOF strategy is designed to have the greatest impact on reducing glass industry energy intensity. 

The strategy evolves over time as R&D projects are funded and completed, as new opportunities to have a 

significant impact on the industry are identified, and as national priorities change. The Glass IOF organizes 

its activities into four categories: next generation melting systems, energy efficiency performance 

improvements, advanced processing and environmental R&D, and technology validation. Exhibit 4 shows 

the target areas for each of these research categories. 

6
Exhibit 4 Process and Technology Improvements Target Energy Efficiency


Technical and Economic 

Assessment 

Innovative Melting 

Concepts 

Advanced Refining 

Modeling and 

Optimization 

Advanced Materials 

and Refractories 

Improved Burners 

Sensors 

Process Control 

Pollution Abatement 

Recycling 

Demonstration/ 

Implementation of 

Emerging Glass IOF 

Technologies 

Best Practices 

Next Generation Melting 

Systems 

Energy Efficiency 

Performance Improvement 

Advanced Processing & Environmental R&D Technology Validation 

• Energy Use: Reduce energy by 49 trillion Btu/year by 2020 

Impact Targets 

The Glass IOF portfolio underwent a significant transformation in FY 2003 in response to the EERE 

reorganization. In FY 2003, the glass portfolio began a transition to fewer, yet higher-risk, higher-impact 

research projects that will have the opportunity to produce revolutionary improvements in glass processing 

efficiency. Furthermore, a large percentage of projects in the portfolio will end in FY 2004. To leverage 

available funding, the Glass IOF submitted topics to the Small Business Innovation Research and Small 

Business Technology Transfer Program (SBIR/STTR) and tracks and manages SBIR/STTR glass projects. Topics 

selected for funding in FY 2003 include sensor, communication, and control technologies for energy 

efficiency. The Glass IOF also encourages other Industrial Technologies Program elements and other EERE 

programs to fund R&D priorities of the glass industry. For example, several sensors and automation and 

industrial materials projects are of great interest to the glass industry. 

The glass portfolio includes projects and activities ranging from high-risk, high-return R&D and applied 

research and development, to demonstrations and technology delivery activities. Most R&D projects in the 

portfolio address technical needs in multiple glass industry segments. The length of projects ranges between 

2-5 years. DOE generally contributes between 30 and 50 percent of the funds for each R&D project. R&D is 

conducted by glass companies, national laboratories, research institutes, and universities. Industry 

involvement accelerates the dissemination of research results and technology transfer. The portfolio also 

includes activities to highlight available opportunities that can immediately reduce glass energy industry use. 

Project participants and partners are distributed across the United States, with the majority in areas densely 

populated with glass industry manufacturing facilities, such as the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic states, and at 

national laboratories. The map shows the distribution of the 41 Glass IOF partners (FY 2003). 

FY 2003 Glass IOF Partners 

7
FY 2003 HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS 

The Glass IOF supports a diverse portfolio of cost-shared, pre-competitive research that addresses the most 

pressing and widespread industry needs. In fiscal year 2003, the Glass IOF included 13 core R&D projects. Of 

these 13 projects, six were completed and three projects were added to the portfolio in FY 2003. These 

projects are listed below, along with current Glass Project Laboratory User Services projects, one project 

concerning states, and two SBIR projects. In addition, over 20 projects that are relevant to the glass industry 

but are funded by other EERE programs are included in the 

Glass IOF portfolio. Fact sheets describing projects in the Glass IOF portfolio are 

located at http://www.oit.doe.gov/glass.

R&D Highlights 

Three New Awards Underway - Three new projects were negotiated and awarded through a competitive 

solicitation. Two of the three new awards are high-risk projects that involve developing innovative glass 

melting techniques that could significantly reduce energy and capital requirements. A merit review 

committee evaluated 21 proposals from the Glass IOF solicitation in January 2003 and made 

recommendations to DOE for project funding. All three projects are underway. 

Technology Transfer Efforts for Advanced Glass Furnace Model Begin - Validation studies on the second 

version of the glass furnace model developed by Argonne National Laboratory continued at five participating 

companies. The more robust, final version of the code is now operational, and additional validation studies 

are being conducted. A technology transfer workshop was held to introduce the code to the glass industry, 

and licensing discussions have also been conducted. 

High-Luminosity, Low-NOx Burner Undergoes Additional Field Testing - Commercial-scale versions of the 

high-luminosity, low-NOx burner developed by the Gas Technology Institute and Combustion Tec underwent 

long-term evaluation. An oxy-fuel fired fiberglass furnace was fully outfitted with several of the commercialscale burners. In addition, another long-term test is ongoing on an oxy-fuel fired flat glass furnace fully 

outfitted with the burners through a NICE3 grant. While detailed results are not yet available, performance 

has predominantly met expectations for energy savings and emissions reductions. The burner should be 

commercially available in FY 2004. 

Furnace Energy Assessment Best Practice Under Developement - An energy assessment protocol for oxyfuel firing optimization is nearing completion. Measurements have been completed and data analysis is 

underway. Several opportunities have been identified that can help optimize furnace operations and reduce 

energy consumption. 

Glass Melt Properties Data Available - Technology transfer of glass property data developed by the Center 

for Glass Research (CGR) has begun. The data can greatly improve the effectiveness and robustness of 

mathematical modeling in the glass industry. The need for this data was accelerated by the industry 

adoption of oxy-fuel firing and furnaces operating at higher temperatures. Glass composition ranges and 

examples of measurement results can be found on the CGR Web site at http://cgr.alfred.edu/meltprops/ 

meltprops.html. 

Glass IOF Projects with Completed Government Funding in FY 2003 

Advanced Process Control for Glass Production (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Thomson 

Consumer Electronics) - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Thomson Consumer Electronics 

developed and implemented an advanced process control system that should increase the amount of highquality product from the initial manufacturing step. The system integrated (1) a model that relates process 

parameters (e.g., temperature, deformation, cooling rate) to final product quality; (2) a suite of novel, 3-D 

stress and temperature sensors for measuring process parameters; (3) a system for integrating and analyzing 

data from a wide range of sensors; and (4) cognitive control software for adjusting the process parameters to 

maintain product quality. 

8
Auto Glass Process Control (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Visteon, PPG Industries) - This project 

developed a novel non-contact stress measurement method for improving quality control of automotive 

glass. A patent has been submitted for the method. In addition, a computer code for glass product forming 

was validated. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is working with a software vendor to include the code 

in their commercial software program. 

Development of an Energy Assessment Protocol (PPG Industries, Mississippi State University, Eclipse/ 

Combustion Tec) - The objective of this project was to monitor and characterize furnace operations, identify 

potential energy inefficiencies, recommend energy-saving changes, and implement changes and re-evaluate 

energy consumption in order to optimize oxy-fuel firing in glass furnaces. 

Diagnostics and Modeling of High-Temperature Corrosion of Superstructure Refractories in Oxy-Fuel 

Glass Furnaces (PPG Industries, Sandia National Laboratories, Gallo Glass, American Air Liquide, BOC Gases, 

Monofrax, NARCO/Harbison-Walker Refractories, Pennsylvania State University, University of Missouri-Rolla) 

- Researchers worked to identify factors controlling refractory corrosion in oxy-fuel glass furnaces, developed 

models to predict corrosion rates based on these factors, and developed in-situ optical techniques to monitor 

gas-phase alkali concentrations in glass furnaces. Efforts are continuing to ensure sub-routines for corrosion 

modeling are included in glass furnace models. 

In-House Recovery and Recycling of Glass from Glass-Manufacturing Waste (Argonne National 

Laboratory, CertainTeed Corporation, Saint-Gobain Vetrotex America) - Argonne National Laboratory, 

CertainTeed, and Vetrotex America evaluated a separation technology for purifying and upgrading glass 

waste streams. Researchers studied imperfections and tested thermal and chemical methods to purify and 

upgrade the waste glass. An economic evaluation was conducted to ensure that the most technically efficient 

and cost-effective method is chosen for further process development. 

Modeling of Glass Making Processes for Improved Efficiency: High Temperature Melt Property Database 

(Center for Glass Research, Corning Energy Laboratory Services, Thermex, Pacific Northwest National 

Laboratory) - This project developed data for modeling glassmaking processes. The properties of interest 

included thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, density, surface tension, viscosity, electric 

conductivity, gas solubility, diffusion coefficients, and elastic constants all in the temperature range of 700o

 C 

to 1,600o C. 

Active Glass IOF Projects in FY 2003 

Glass R&D Projects 

Development and Validation of a Coupled Combustion Space/Glass Bath Furnace Simulation (Argonne 

National Laboratory, Techneglas, Owens Corning, Osram Sylvania, Libbey, Visteon, Mississippi State 

University, Purdue University) - Researchers are developing a validated glass melting furnace simulation model 

that incorporates innovative features. The combustion space and glass bath models will be coupled at their 

interface through the use of appropriate heat flux and temperature continuity conditions. The combustion 

space model will incorporate a rigorous treatment of the radiative heat transfer to the glass bath. A detailed 

treatment of the batch melt and foam zones will be incorporated. A detailed model for NO kinetics will be x 

incorporated into the combustion space model. 

Development/Demonstration of an Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-End System (Owens Corning, Osram 

Sylvania, Thomson, BOC Gases, Eclipse/Combustion Tec) - Scientists at Owens Corning are developing a 

novel, oxy-fuel fired front-end system. After laboratory design testing of burners and system control, the 

system will be demonstrated in a commercial fiberglass production plant. 

Energy-Efficient Glass Melting: The Next Generation Melter (Gas Technology Institute, Corning 

Incorporated, PPG Industries, Owens Corning, Johns Manville, Schott Glass Technologies, CertainTeed 

Corporation, Fluent, Praxair, Eclipse/Combustion Tec, A.C. Leadbetter and Son) Researchers at the Gas 

Technology Institute are designing and fabricating a pilot-scale submerged combustion glass melter. Two 

series of tests will be performed, and product glass properties will be analyzed. 

9 
High-Intensity Glass Melter (Plasmelt Glass Technologies, LLC, Johns Manville, Advanced Glassfiber 

Yarns) - Plasmelt is developing a plasma-melting system that is generically suited to melting a large variety of 

glass compositions. A prototype system will be constructed and tested, and product quality will be evaluated. 

Measurement and Control of Glass Feedstocks (Energy Research Company, PPG Industries, Oak Ridge 

National Laboratory, Fenton Art Glass Company) - Researchers at Energy Research Company are developing a 

probe based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to measure the chemical makeup of glass feedstocks in 

real-time. The probe will quickly detect contaminants and batch nonuniformity in the raw materials and 

cullet. Artificial neural network software will be tested to provide high-speed analysis of data obtained by the 

probe. 

Monitoring and Control of Alkali Volatilization and Batch Carryover for Minimization of Particulates 

and Crown Corrosion (Sandia National Laboratories, Gallo Glass) - Researchers at Gallo Glass and Sandia 

National Laboratories are collecting data to determine the conditions having the greatest influence on 

volatilization, batch carryover, combustion efficiency, and furnace efficiency. A prototype measurement 

instrument using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy will be designed and built. A control strategy and 

system for minimizing alkali volatilization and batch carryover will be developed. 

Process Optimization Strategies, Models, and Chemical Databases for On-Line Coating of Float Glass 

(PPG Industries, Sandia National Laboratories) - Sandia National Laboratories and PPG Industries are 

developing modifications to atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition to increase the efficiency of 

reactant utilization. Researchers are conducting detailed theoretical and experimental studies of the 

underlying deposition process. Computational models will then be developed that can predict defects in 

coatings. 

GPLUS Projects 

The Glass Project Laboratory User Services (GPLUS) project enables glass manufacturers to conduct smallscale scoping studies in collaboration with any of the DOE national laboratories. The activity is cost-shared 

by DOE and the glass manufacturer, and results are provided to the GMIC to enable technology transfer. 

GPLUS projects include: 

•	 Application of Furnace Model to an Oxy-Fuel Furnace for the Production of Amber Glass (Longhorn 

Glass, Argonne National Laboratory, Metal Container Corp.) 

• Foaming of E-Glass (PPG Industries, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) 

•	 High Temperature Thermocouple Study (Schott Glass Technologies, Idaho National Energy and 

Environmental Laboratory) 

• Improvement of Oxy Fuel Burner Design/Operations (Owens Corning, Sandia National Laboratories) 

•	 Laser Induced Laser Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a Glass Melt Monitor (Corning, Sandia 

National Laboratories) 

•	 mm Wave Diagnostics for Glass Fiber Drawing (Johns Manville, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 

Cleveland State University) 

•	 Strength Data and Design Method for Tempered Automotive Glazing which is Subject to Stress 

Corrosion Cracking (Visteon, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) 

• TV Glass Surface Problems (Techneglas, Oak Ridge National Laboratory) 

Projects with States 

Improvement of Performance and Yield of Continuous Glass Fiber Drawing Technology (Cleveland State 

University, PPG Industries, Johns Manville, Schott Glass, U.S. Borax) - This project is applying Six Sigma 

quality methodology and fundamental glass science to reduce fiber breakage and resultant waste. During the 

project, instrumentation will be developed, simulation models will be employed, and the process will be 

investigated and optimized. 

10
SBIR Projects 

• An Optical Fiber Probe for the Measurement of High Temperatures (Hope Technologies, Inc.) 

• Universal Photo-Acoustic Sensor System (Physical Optics Corporation) 

Other ITP and EERE Projects Relevant to the Glass Industry 

Advanced Industrial Materials Projects Relevant to Glass 

• Advanced Nanoporous Composite Materials for Industrial Heat Applications 

• Advanced Waste Energy Recovery Using Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Technology 

• Crosscutting Industrial Applications of a New Class of Ultra-Hard Borides 

• Development and Demonstration of Advanced Tooling Alloys for Molds and Dies 

• High Density Surface Treatments of Refractories 

• Thermochemical Models and Databases for High Temperature Materials Processing and Corrosion 

Combustion Project Relevant to Glass 

• Development of an Innovative Energy-Efficient High Temperature Natural Gas Fired Furnace 

Inventions and Innovations Projects Relevant to Glass 

• Development of a Novel Frequency-Selective Solar Glazing System 

• Enabling Tool for Innovative Glass Applications 

• Energy-Saving Method of Manufacturing Ceramic Products from Waste Glass 

• High-Throughput Vacuum Processing for Innovative Uses of Glass 

• Low-Energy Alternative to Commercial Silica-Based Glass Fibers 

• Thermophotovoltaic Electric Power Generation Using Exhaust Heat 

NICE3 Project Relevant to Glass 

Clean, Efficient Glass Production Using High-Luminosity, Oxy-Gas Burners (PPG Industries, others) -

This project is demonstrating a novel burner system for oxy-fuel fired glass furnaces. The high-luminosity, 

low-NOx

 burner combines a preheating zone with two combustion zones to provide high heat transfer and 

more uniform temperature distribution to the glass. The combustion system will be installed on a float 

furnace. Several months of testing and analysis will be conducted to verify energy and environmental 

benefits. 

Sensors and Automation Projects Relevant to Glass 

•	 Diagnostics and Control of Natural Gas-Fired Furnaces via Flame Image Analysis Using Machine Vision 

and Artificial Intelligence Techniques 

• Fiber-Optic Sensor for Industrial Process Measurement and Control 

• Thermal Imaging Control of Furnaces and Combustors 

• Tunable Diode Lasers Sensors for Monitoring and Control of Harsh (Combustion Environments) 

• Wireless Telemetry for Industrial Applications 

11
Partnership Highlights 

In addition to sponsoring R&D, the Glass IOF achieved


a number of noteworthy accomplishments in FY 2003.


These accomplishments are described in the following


paragraphs:


Allied Partnership Agreement Signed with GMIC - An


Allied Partnership agreement was signed with the Glass


Manufacturing Industry Council (GMIC) in June 2003.


This agreement formalizes a relationship between DOE


and GMIC that will lead to the implementation of


numerous energy improvement technologies and


techniques across the glass industry. The GMIC has


already hosted two energy efficiency training


workshops, one on compressed air and one on process heating.


Resource CD-ROM Released - An updated resource CD-ROM for glass manufacturers was released. The CD-


ROM provides tips and tools for spotting energy-saving opportunities in glass plants today as well as details


on energy efficiency technologies.


Technical and Economic Assessment for Next Generation Melting Systems Drafted - This document,


currently in draft, highlights technical and economic barriers that have stifled innovation and change in


glass processes, including a detailed review of previous research efforts to improve glass melting and refining.


The assessment will be published in FY 2004.


Glass Project Review Conducted - As part of ensuring stewardship of public funds, the Glass IOF conducts a


yearly evaluation of research projects to assess performance, including progress towards technical, economic


and market goals. The FY 2003 review was held in September 2003 at the National Renewable Energy


Laboratory. About 75 representatives from all segments of the U.S. glass industry heard presentations about


ongoing research projects being conducted by industry, university, and national laboratory researchers in


order to evaluate each project’s progress, significance, and relevance to the industry’s needs.


Guidebook on Commercialized Energy Efficiency and Supply Technologies for the Glass Manufacturing


Industry Drafted - This document, currently in draft, describes a variety of technologies that energy


managers in the glass industry can use to make their plants more efficient, self-reliant, profitable, and less


polluting. The guidebook will be published in FY 2004.


EERE Glass Review Board Formed - An internal EERE Glass Review Board was formed during FY 2003 to


identify areas of common interest and better coordinate glass-related research activities throughout the


programs within the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Posters from other glass-related


activities were prepared and displayed at meetings and workshops, and a joint SBIR topic with EERE’s


Building Technologies program was submitted. Other EERE programs with significant ongoing activities


include FreedomCAR and Transportation Technologies, and Distributed Energy and Electric Reliability.


Improving Energy Efficiency Today 

Plant-Wide Assessments (PWAs) are cost-shared assessments of plant utility and process-related energy 

efficiency opportunities across a plant. To participate, plants submit a proposal to DOE as part of a 

competitive solicitation. In FY 2003, a PWA was conducted at an Osram Sylvania lighting plant, which 

identified energy saving opportunities of nearly 2 million kwh and 3 billion Btu of natural gas. Success 

stories from PWAs are available on the Best Practices Web site. 

12
Disseminating Research Results to Industry 

The Glass IOF conducts numerous outreach activities to disseminate R&D results and encourage companies to 

reduce energy intensity of glass processing. Project reports submitted to DOE are available on-line at DOE’s 

Information Bridge Web site (www.osti.gov/bridge). In addition, the Glass IOF attended and participated in 

several trade shows and meetings in FY 2003, including: 

• Glass Problems Conference 

• American Ceramic Society Glass and Optical Materials Division Meeting 

• 7th International Conference - Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass 

• Glass Industry Workshop: “Evolutionary and Revolutionary Strategies” 

• Center for Glass Research Annual Meeting 

Two commercial technologies supported by the Glass IOF continued to have great success in the U.S. glass 

industry. Oxy-Fuel Firing, commercialized in the early 1990s, now represents over 30 percent of U.S. glass 

industry capacity. In FY 2003, PPG Industries converted a second float glass furnace to oxy-fuel firing. The 

technology is saving over 4 trillion Btu annually industry-wide. Oxygen-Enriched Air Staging (OEAS), which 

provides a low-cost method for glass manufacturers to reduce NOx

 emissions, was installed in four plants 

during FY 2003. 

The Glass IOF also maintains an up-to-date Web site that provides additional information and highlights 

activities and opportunities. 

Energy Analysis - Targeting Energy Efficiency 

The Energy Footprint Study of the Glass Industry, showing the flow of energy throughout the industry, was 

completed in FY 2003. The energy flow and losses are shown for energy supply, central energy generation/ 

utilities, energy distribution, energy conversion, and process energy (see summary in Section 1). 

The Energy Bandwidth Study was launched in FY 2003 to show 

the magnitude of energy savings possible for glass 

manufacturing. The energy “bandwidth” will be used to 

provide a rationale for supporting R&D on new technologies 

with the highest potential impact on glass industry energy 

consumption. 

A Project Evaluation Tool was created to analyze energy and 

environmental benefits of glass research projects. Applicants to 

Glass IOF solicitations are now required to use the project 

evaluation tool. 

The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) 

Analysis was completed for projects considered in the FY 2005 

budget. The GPRA analysis estimates future benefits of emerging 

technologies in the glass portfolio based on market penetration, 

energy savings, and environmental emission reductions. 

13
TOOLS, PUBLICATIONS, AND RESOURCES AVAILABLE 

EERE offers valuable tools and publications to help glass companies improve productivity and energy 

efficiency. Some of these resources are described below. See the Web site at http://www.oit.doe.gov/glass for a 

complete listing. 

Glass: A Clear Vision for a Bright Future - This landmark document released in 1996 outlines a vision for 

the glass industry in 2020, and identifies industry-wide goals for production efficiency, energy efficiency, 

environmental performance, and innovative uses. 

Glass Industry Technology Roadmap - The GMIC published the Glass Industry 

Technology Roadmap in April 2002. The document describes technology challenges, 

research needs and priorities, and implementation roles. 

Fact Sheets and Success Stories - These brief publications describe the objectives, 

benefits, partners, and accomplishments of RD&D projects in the Glass IOF portfolio. 

Resource CD-ROM - The CD-ROM provides tips and tools for spotting energy-saving 

opportunities in glass plants today, as well as details on energy efficiency technologies. 

The CD-ROM contains over 200 documents relevant to glass manufacturers. 

Energy and Environmental Profile of the Glass Industry - This detailed report benchmarks the energy and 

environmental characteristics of key technologies used in major processes of the glass industry. 

14
HOW TO GET INVOLVED AND CONTACT INFORMATION 

Partnership Information 

Public-private partnerships are the foundation of ITP’s technology delivery strategy. ITP includes its partners 

in every phase of the technology development process to focus scarce resources where they can have the 

greatest impact on industrial energy efficiency. To learn more, please visit our Web site at 

www.eere.energy.gov/industry. 

•	 Collaborative, cost-shared research and development projects are a central part of ITP’s strategy. 

Annual solicitations provide technology development opportunities in a variety of energy-intensive 

industries. 

•	 Industries of the Future Partnerships increase energy efficiency in the most energy-intensive industries. 

In addition to cost-shared research and development projects, industry partners participate in the 

development of vision and roadmap documents that define long-term goals, technology challenges, and 

research priorities. 

•	 Allied Partnerships provide an opportunity for ITP to reach a broad audience of potential customers by 

allying with corporations, trade associations, equipment manufacturers, utilities, and other stakeholders 

to distribute industrial energy efficiency products and services. By becoming an Allied Partner, an 

organization can increase its value to clients by helping them achieve plant efficiencies. 

•	 State energy organizations work with ITP in applying technology to assist their local industries. ITP 

assists states in developing IOF partnerships to mobilize local industries and other stakeholders to 

improve energy efficiency through best practices, energy assessments, and collaborative research and 

development. 

•	 EERE’s technical programs (of which ITP is one of eleven) give manufacturers access to a diverse 

portfolio of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies and bring advanced manufacturing 

technology to the renewable energy community. For more information, access the EERE home page at 

www.eere.energy.gov. 

•	 The President’s Climate VISION (Voluntary Innovative Sector Initiatives: Opportunities Now) effort also 

offers opportunities for manufacturers to pursue cost-effective actions that will reduce greenhouse gas 

emissions. See www.climatevision.gov for details. 

Access to Resources and Expertise 

The Industrial Technologies Program provides manufacturers with a wide variety of industrial energy 

efficiency resources to help your company cut energy use right away. Visit our site at www.eere.energy.gov/ 

industry or call the EERE Information Center at 877-337-3463 to access these resources and for more 

information. 

•	 ITP offers energy management best practices to improve energy efficiency throughout plant 

operations. Improvements to industrial systems such as compressed air, motors, process heat, and steam 

can yield enormous savings with little or no capital investment. 

•	 Our suite of powerful system optimization software tools can help plants identify and analyze energysaving opportunities in a variety of systems. 

•	 Training sessions are held several times per year at sites across the country for companies interested in 

implementing energy-saving projects in their facilities. DOE software tools are used as part of the 

training sessions. 

15
•	 ITP’s qualified industrial energy specialists will work with your plant personnel to identify savings 

opportunities and train staff in the use of ITP software tools. 

•	 Our extensive library of publications gives companies the resources they need to achieve immediate 

energy savings. 

•	 Plant-wide energy assessments are available to manufacturers of all sizes interested in cutting their 

energy use. Cost-shared solicitations are available each year for plant-wide energy assessments. In 

addition, no-cost, targeted assessments are provided to eligible facilities by teams of engineering faculty 

and students from 26 university-based Industrial Assessment Centers around the country. 

•	 The DOE Regional Offices provide a nation-wide network of capabilities for implementing ITP’s 

technology delivery strategy. Regional Offices are located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, 

Philadelphia, and Seattle. Visit www.eere.energy.gov/rso.html for more information. 

Where to Go to Get More Information 

Visit our Web site - www.oit.doe.gov/glass 

Learn about all EERE programs - www.eren.doe.gov 

Ask an Expert - The Industrial Technologies Program’s Clearinghouse is a great way to access ITP’s resources.


Clearinghouse staff members are available from 9 a.m. until 8 p.m. EST (6 a.m. until 5 p.m. PST).


Phone: 1-800-862-2086


Fax: 360-956-2214


Email: clearinghouse@ee.doe.gov


For print copies of DOE, EERE, and ITP Publications, contact -

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (EREC)


P.O. Box 3048


Merrifield, VA 22116


Fax: 703-893-0400


Phone: 800-363-3732


Email: doe.erec@nciinc.com


For questions regarding Glass IOF activities, contact -

Elliott Levine


Industrial Technologies Program


Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy


EE-2F


U.S. Department of Energy


Washington, DC 20585-0121


Phone: 202-586-1476


Fax: 202-586-9234


Email: Elliott.Levine@ee.doe.gov


Sources


1997 Census of Manufacturers, U.S. Department of Commerce


U.S. Department of Commerce Annual Survey of Manufacturers, 2001


1998 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS), U.S. Department of Energy, Energy


Information Administration, 2002 

Energy Footprint Analysis, Energetics, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy, May 2003 

16
A Strong Energy Portfolio for a Strong America 

Energy efficiency and clean, renewable energy will mean a stronger economy, a cleaner environment, and great energy 

independence for America. By investing in technology breakthroughs today, our nation can look forward to a more 

resilient economy and secure future. 

Far-reaching technology changes will be essential to America’s energy future. Working with a wide array of state, 

community, industry, and university partners, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy invests in a portfolio of energy technologies that will: 

• Conserve energy in the residential, commercial, industrial, government, and transportation sectors 

• Increase and diversify energy supply, with a focus on renewable domestic sources 

• Upgrade our national energy infrastructure 

• Facilitate the emergence of hydrogen technologies as a vital new “energy carrier” 

The Opportunities 

Biomass Program 

Using domestic, plant-derived resources to meet our fuel, power, and chemical needs 

Building Technologies Program 

Homes, schools, and businesses that use less energy, cost less to operate, and ultimately, generate as much power as 

they use 

Distributed Energy & Electric Reliability Program 

A more reliable energy infrastructure and reduced need for new power plants 

Federal Energy Management Program 

Leading by example, saving energy and taxpayer dollars in federal facilities 

FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Program 

Less dependence on foreign oil, and eventual transition to an emissions-free, petroleum-free vehicle 

Geothermal Technologies Program 

Tapping the Earth’s energy to meet our heat and power needs 

Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program 

Paving the way toward a hydrogen economy and net-zero carbon energy future 

Industrial Technologies Program 

Boosting the productivity and competitiveness of U.S. industry through improvements in energy and environmental 

performance 

Solar Energy Technology Program 

Utilizing the sun’s natural energy to generate electricity and provide water and space heating 

Weatherization & Intergovernmental Program 

Accelerating the use of today’s best energy-efficient and renewable technologies in homes, communities, and 

business 

Wind & Hydropower Technologies Program 

Harnessing America’s abundant natural resources for clean power generation 

To learn more, visit www.eere.energy.gov 

Glass Industry of the Future 

Industrial Technologies Program 

Boosting the productivity and competitiveness of U.S. industry 

published January 2004