Using CFAST to Estimate the

Efficiency of Filtering Particulates in a

Building

Walter W. Jones

Richard D. Peacock

NISTIR 7498
NISTIR 7498

Using CFAST to Estimate the 

Efficiency of Filtering Particulates in a 

Building 

WalterW. Jones

Richard D. Peacock

Building and Fire Research Laboratory

April, 2008

U.S. Department of Commerce

Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology

James M. Turner, Acting Director
1

Bibliographic Information

Abstract

CFAST is a two-zone fire model used to calculate the evolving distribution of smoke, fire gases and temperature

throughout compartments of a constructed facility during a fire. The modeling equations used in CFAST take the

mathematical form of an initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These equations

predict quantities such as pressure, layer height and temperatures as functions of time. The model transports species

produced during pyrolysis as well as the products of combustion. Eleven species are followed by the model. They can be

categorized as non-reacting, particulate, reacting, and those which can agglomerate and settle. The species are:

nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, fuel in vapor form, soot,

trace species and water vapor. A new feature of the model (version 6.1) is the capability to filter trace species and soot

which flow through a fan system. Filtering is implemented through the routines that solve the ODE’s. Soot and trace

species which are removed from the airstream are deposited on the filter.

Keywords

Smoke movement, environmental assessment, species filtering, HVAC

Ordering Information

National Institute of Standards

and Technology

Internal Report 7498

Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.

Internal Report 7498

19 pages (April 2008)

U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington: 2008

For sale by the

Superintendent of Documents

U.S. Government Printing

Office

Washington, DC 20402
2 DISCLAIMER

The U. S. Department of Commerce makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of -

CFAST and associated computer programs, and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of

CFAST assume sole responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its

use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for

any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyzes performed using these tools.

Users are warned that CFAST is intended for use only by those competent in the field of fire

safety and is intended only to supplement the informed judgment of the qualified user. The

software package is a computer model which may or may not have predictive value when

applied to a specific set of factual circumstances. Lack of accurate predictions by the model

could lead to erroneous conclusions with regard to fire safety. All results should be evaluated by

an informed user.

INTENT AND USE

The algorithms, procedures, and computer programs described in this report constitute a

methodology for predicting some of the consequences resulting from a specified fire. They have

been compiled from the best knowledge and understanding currently available, but have

important limitations that must be understood and considered by the user. The program is

intended for use by persons competent in the field of fire safety and with some familiarity with

personal computers. It is intended as an aid in the fire safety decision-making process.
5

Table of Contents

Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1

Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 2

Filtering ......................................................................................................................................... 2

A Simple Example to Illustrate Filtering .................................................................................. 3

An Example of a Glove Box Disassembly Facility .................................................................... 4

Leak Path Factor ......................................................................................................................... 8

First at 1800.0 seconds with a fan/duct but with no filtering ............................................ 9

Second at 1800.00 seconds with 10% efficient filter ....................................................... 10

Finally at 1800.0 seconds with 99% efficient filter ......................................................... 10

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 12

References ................................................................................................................................... 12
1

Using CFAST to Estimate the Efficiency of Filtering Particulates in a Building

Walter W. Jones and Richard D. Peacock

Abstract

CFAST is a two-zone fire model used to calculate the evolving distribution of smoke, fire gases and temperature

throughout compartments of a constructed facility during a fire. The modeling equations used in CFAST take the

mathematical form of an initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These equations

predict quantities such as pressure, layer height and temperatures as functions of time. The model transports species

produced during pyrolysis as well as the products of combustion. Eleven species are followed by the model. They can be

categorized as non-reacting, particulate, reacting, and those which can agglomerate and settle. The species are:

nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, fuel in vapor form, soot,

trace species and water vapor. A new feature of the model (version 6.1) is the capability to filter trace species and soot

which flow through a fan system. Filtering is implemented through the routines that solve the ODE’s. Soot and trace

species which are removed from the airstream are deposited on the filter.

Introduction 

CFAST is a two-zone fire model used to calculate the evolving distribution of smoke, fire gases

and temperature throughout compartments of a constructed facility during a fire. In CFAST,

each compartment is divided into two gas layers.

It is designed primarily to predict the environment within compartmented structures which

results from unwanted fires. These can range from very small containment vessels, on the order

of 1 m3

 to large spaces on the order of 1000 m3. The appropriate size fire for a given application

depends on the size of the compartment being modeled.

The modeling equations used in CFAST take the mathematical form of an initial value problem

for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These equations are derived using the

conservation of mass and energy, the ideal gas law and relations for density and internal energy. 

These equations predict as functions of time quantities such as pressure, smoke layer height and

temperatures given the accumulation of mass and enthalpy in the two layers. The model then

consists of a set of ODEs to compute the environment in each compartment and a collection of

algorithms to compute the mass and enthalpy source terms required by the ODEs. 

The ODEs are driven by source terms that describe the various physical phenomena. Combustion

chemistry is one such source. Combustion from fires supplies both enthalpy as well as various

species for transport. A fire in CFAST is implemented as a source of fuel mass which is released

at a prescribed rate (the pyrolysis rate). Energy is released by the fuel and combustion products

are created as it burns.

The model transports species produced during pyrolysis as well as the products of combustion. A

non-reacting trace species provides the possibility to follow the effects of venting and filtering.
2

The model can simulate multiple fires in one or more compartments of the building. 

Fires are treated as independent entities, with no interaction of the plumes. These fires are

referred to as “objects” and can be ignited at a prescribed time, temperature or heat flux.

Eleven species are followed by the model. They can be categorized as non-reacting, particulate,

reacting, and those which can agglomerate and settle. The species are: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon

monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, fuel in vapor form, soot, trace

species and water vapor.

Nitrogen is a non-reacting species. It is neither consumed nor produced during the transport

process. Oxygen may be produced by pyrolysis and is consumed in regions where combustion

occurs. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water are produced by the combustion process.

Soot is also produced during combustion, but can settle, agglomerate or be filtered out of the

system by mechanical filters such as are used in clean rooms. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) and

hydrogen cyanide can also be produced during pyrolysis. HCl may be absorbed and adsorbed on

boundary surfaces. This simply means that the molecules can collect on the surface of some

materials, and later released, depending on its concentration on the surface and in the gas layer,

as well as temperature and humidity. They are not altered by transport itself. The concentrationtime product is a surrogate for the toxicity of fire gases1

. The trace species is generated during

pyrolysis and can be filtered. It too is non-reacting, that is, it is not altered during transport. The

fuel, in vapor form, is generated during pyrolysis, and consumed during combustion. Neither

fuel vapor nor water are filtered by the model.

Purpose

Predicting the movement of smoke and subsequent contamination of the environment resulting

from a fire is one of the principal uses of a fire model. The recent addition of filtering allows one

to investigate strategies to mitigate the problem. The use of this capability is illustrated in this

paper.

This recent addition to CFAST was prompted by the need to qualify nuclear power plants on the

basis of how much radioactive material can escape a facility after an accident, however, the

implementation is general.

There are two limitations that need to be kept in mind. The first is that filters are specific to

particulate size. CFAST does not track particulate distributions, so both generation and filter

specification need to be kept in mind.

The second issue is that the effect on water vapor is not well understood, so this implementation

applies only to particulates, that is trace species and soot.

Filtering
3

The transport of fire effluent is described in the CFAST Technical Reference Guide2. A new

feature of the model (version 6.1) is the capability to filter trace species and soot which flow

through a fan system.

Filtering is implemented by modifying the source terms which describe gas flow. Mass that is

filtered remains in the filter and is removed from the air stream.

A Simple Example to Illustrate Filtering 

First we will consider a simple case to illustrate the effect of filtering: two compartment with

leaks to the outside and a mechanical ventilation (fan system) connecting the room of origin with

a second compartment.

The example input script shown in Table 1 is a 50kW fixed size fire. The two compartments are

3.6m x 2.4m x 2.6m in size. Both have leaks to the outside at floor level, though in this scenario

no trace material gets to the outside. A small fan pushes 0.14 m3

 per second of air from the first

compartment (fire origin) to the second compartment. The fan is running throughout the

simulation. The fire starts at 30 s.

By adding the filter command “EVENT,F,1,3,1,60,.90,1” we invoke a filter for fan system 1

which begins at 60 s and is 90% efficient. The input file for this example is shown in Table 1.

Figure 1 shows the effect on the total mass of the trace species in the two compartments.

Since fan flow is constant, the concentration in compartment 1 is the same in both cases.

An Example of a Glove Box Disassembly Facility

CFAST is intended to predict the temperatures, gas concentrations and smoke layer heights in a

multi-compartment structure during a fire. The software can be used to estimate the impact of

specific events in the building fire performance such as doors or windows opening or closing. 

The software can also estimate the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, combustion

product concentrations, layer height) in the fire compartment and neighboring compartments. 

These conditions can then be used to assess the effect of fire on building occupants. Using

CFAST to assess the effect on packages, containers and buildings that house radiological

material is one example. Once the scenario is established, the consequences to the public and

workers in neighboring facilities can be estimated. 

A common room arrangement in the Department of Energy community is a laboratory

compartment that can be entered through an airlock from a long hallway. Often there is a 

window between the process room and the corridor, but no direct access to the corridor. A

schematic is shown in Figure 2 and the Smokeview rendering in Figure 3. This scenario matches

the example in CFAST Computer Code Application Guidance for Documented Safety Analysis3

.
4

Disassembly

Airlock

Corridor

D

Door

o

or

Door

Window

Figure 2. Schematic of glovebox/disassembly facility

The assembly compartment contains a glove box and polyethelyne trash (containing radioactive

waste) which is the presumed fire source. It is connected to an airlock which has doors to the

corridor. In addition, an observation window connects the assembly compartment to the corridor.

For this simulation, the whole building is surrounded by a container which is used as surrogate

for the outside world in order to measure the trace species which escapes the facility. So long as

the outside compartment is large (in volume) compared to the simulated environment, and the

openings are large enough that there is not a significant pressure increase, there will not be an

effect on the flow. The data file to implement these scenarios is shown in Table 2.

Time (s)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Species (kg)

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.0010

0.0012

Compartment 1

Compartment 2 (no filter)

Compartment 2 (90%)

Figure 1. Comparison of species concentration by

compartment, showing the effect of filtering.
5

Figure 3. Smokeview Rendition of the Glovebox Facility

For the first scenario (no fan/filter), the airlock doors are opened 60 s after ignition to allow

personnel to escape. This is followed by the observation window breaking at 120 s when the fire

reaches a critical size. 

To show the effect of filtering, we remove the window breakage, add a fan and duct system from

the assembly compartment to the outside, and turn filtering on. The changes (added to the end of

the script shown in Table 2) are

!!Fan and duct from assembly to the pseudo outside

MVENT,1,4,1,H,2.44,0.37,H,1.52,0.37,1.142,0,200,1

!!Filtering turned on at the beginning of the fire

EVENT,F,1,5,1,0,0.99,1

The results in terms of species mass are shown in figures 4a (original) and 4b (modified by a

fan/duct/filter). The heat release rate is the same for both cases. Flow through the window has

only a small effect on the species concentration in the corridor. Figure 5 demonstrates an

alternative way to report the amount of material that has escape from the source compartment.

Whereas figure 4 shows the actual amount of this material in each of the three compartments and

the amount which exits the containment building, figure 5 shows this same information as a

fraction of the pyrolyzed material. When the fan is used (4b), it is on continuously.

Since the filter also removes soot, so there will be an indirect effect on the temperature

distribution , since soot affects the radiation balance. This effect is not illustrated since we have

not shown the upper/lower layer temperature distribution.

The effects of aerosol dispersal can also be seen from the graph (and report) of species

concentration. Figures 4 and 5 shows how the filtering system can protect those working around
6

such fires as well as the wider environment. In the first case, the amount of escaped material will

continue to climb. In the second, case, the amount that escapes is reduced and declines over

time. The progression of the fire and movement of contaminants can also be seen in figure 5. At

the time of ignition, all of the fire and radioactive aerosols are in the glove-box assembly room. 

As the fire grows, the contaminant moves from the assembly to the airlock to the corridor and

finally to the outside. It should be noted that though there is flow from the assembly

t(s)

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Mass (kg)

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

Corridor

Airlock

Outside Facility

Assembly

Figure 4a - Mass in each compartment - no filtering

t(s)

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Mass (kg)

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

Assembly

Corridor Outside Facility

Airlock

Figure 4b - Mass in each compartment - filtered
7

compartment to the outside through leaks, no fire gases escape through this path. When the

fan/filter system is turned on, there is not even this small leakage.

t(s)

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Mass Fraction

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Assembly

Airlock

Corridor

Outside Facility

Figure 5a. Fraction of radiological material released in each

compartment - no filtering.

t(s)

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Mass Fraction

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Assembly

Airlock

Corridor

Outside Facility

Figure 5b. Fraction of radiological material in each

compartment - with filtering.
8

Leak Path Factor

A fire can contain pyrolysis material that is radioactive, and thus an additional hazard to

occupants of a building or those within reach of a fire plume. A goal of building safety is to

reduce leakage of such effluents. A leak path factor (LPF) is a measure of the fraction of the

radionuclides in the fire effluent not captured by a confinement system (e.g., building rooms,

ductwork) or filtration mechanism (e.g., fan filters or sand filter)4. 

The definitions the Department of Energy uses for the LPF calculations are:

The source term (ST) represents the airborne respirable radiological material that exits a

facility (or area of interest) and is defined as

ST = ×× MAR DR ARF RF LPF × ×

The Material-at-Risk (MAR) is the total quantity of radionuclides (in grams or curies of

activity for each radionuclide) available that are subjected to the modeled scenario.

The Damage Ratio (DR) is the fraction of the MAR actually impacted by the modeled

scenario.

The Airborne Release Fraction (ARF) is the fraction of a radioactive material suspended

in air as an aerosol and thus available for transport.

The Respirable Fraction (RF) “is the fraction of airborne radionuclides as particles that

can be transported through air and inhaled into the human respiratory system and is

commonly assumed to include particles 10-μm Aerodynamic Equivalent Diameter

(AED) and less.”

The Leakpath Factor (LPF) is the fraction of the airborne respirable radionuclides that are

transported through some confinement deposition system (e.g., building rooms,

ductwork) and exit the building.

CFAST can be used to calculate the amount of radioactive aerosol which is transported through a

building system and to assess various strategies to reduce the amount of material which escapes

confinement. This is the ST as defined above.

The TS production fraction in the object data files may be calculated by

TS MAR DR ARF RF m = ×× × / &

TS is the term used in the CFAST User’s Guide for trace species production and is the m& pyrolysis rate of the object.
9

This input to the calculation is computed using several factors. The essence is that it is derived

from the amount of material available which can subsequently made into an aerosol and then

transported. This is specified in the object data file as the fraction of the pyrolysis material that is

radiological and respirable. In terms of fire engineering, MAR is the mass of the object, and DR

the fraction which can be affected (pyrolysized) during the incident.

The ARF and RF values may be obtained from the Release Fraction Handbook5

 and are derived

from discrete experiments that typically evaluated a single release mechanism. In a severe fire

there may be many mechanisms occurring simultaneously. 

These sources can be combined in CFAST using several fires (objects).

The MAR term is usually expressed as time and activity distribution for each release mechanism.

The components that are associated with the same release duration can be combined, but

components that have different release mechanisms should be kept separate to account for timedependent variance in atmospheric dispersion to aid consequence assessment. 

Also, there are often many exfiltration routes for heated gases, so there can be multiple LPF

terms applied to a single source, e.g., room leakage, ventilation system deposition, and filtration

system effectiveness.

Once the source term is calculated, the consequences to the public and workers in neighboring

facilities can be estimated. CFAST calculates total radiological material in each compartment

of a building and the amount that has exited the containment facility, and provides this

information in two forms: These are reported as absolute values (kg) and as a fraction of the

species released from the fire(s).

LPF is the ratio of the mass of the trace species which flows through a vent, divided by the total

released by the source term. For these examples, the fire is a 1⁄2 MW fire with the trace species

(TS) being two percent of the pyrolysis. The total mass pyrolyzed as well as the total of the trace

species produced are contained in the output file and the comma delimited spreadsheet. The total

trace species flow through mechanical vents is shown in the listing as the last two columns for

each mechanical ventilation node. “Vented” refers to the mass which passes through the duct

system and “Captured” is the amount which remains on the filter. These numbers are also

contained in the mass flow spreadsheet labeled “Trace Species through node nnn,” and “Traced

captured at node nnn.”

The effect of reducing the LPF factor can be seen by comparing the total mass which flows

through the fan/duct system with and without a filter, and the effect of using a fan and filter to

eliminate the aerosols. Using the base case in Table 2, there are three variation:
10

First at 1800.0 seconds with a fan/duct but with no filtering

Upper Layer Species

Compartment OD CT TS 

 (1/m) (g-min/m3) kg 

-----------------------------------------------

Assembly 7.474E-02 157. 1.579E-05 

Airlock 0.543 196. 6.717E-04 

Corridor 0.557 207. 1.208E-02 

Containment B 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Lower Layer Species

Compartment OD CT TS 

 (1/m) (g-min/m3) kg 

------------------------------------------------

Assembly 5.391E-03 0.566 5.680E-05 

Airlock 1.029E-02 1.02 1.678E-05 

Corridor 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Containment B 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Total mass flow through vents (kg)

To Through Upper Layer Lower Layer Trace Species

Compartment Vent Inflow Outflow Inflow Outflow Vented Captured

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assembly M Node 1 1.813E+03 1.62 0.251 

Outside M Node 2 1.814E+03 0.251 

Second at 1800.00 seconds with 10% efficient filter

Upper Layer Species

Compartment OD CT TS 

 (1/m) (g-min/m3) kg 

----------------------------------------------

Assembly 7.474E-02 157. 1.579E-05

Airlock 0.543 196. 6.717E-04

Corridor 0.557 207. 1.208E-02

Containment B 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Lower Layer Species

Compartment OD CT TS 

 (1/m) (g-min/m3) kg 

----------------------------------------------

Assembly 5.391E-03 0.566 5.680E-05

Airlock 1.029E-02 1.02 1.678E-05

Corridor 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Containment B 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Total mass flow through vents (kg)

To Through Upper Layer Lower Layer Trace Species

Compartment Vent Inflow Outflow Inflow Outflow Vented Captured 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assembly M Node 1 1.813E+03 1.62 0.226 2.506E-02 

Outside M Node 2 1.814E+03 0.226 2.506E-02 
11

Finally at 1800.0 seconds with 99% efficient filter

Upper Layer Species

Compartment OD CT TS 

 (1/m) (g-min/m3) kg 

----------------------------------------------

Assembly 7.474E-02 157. 1.579E-05

Airlock 0.543 196. 6.717E-04

Corridor 0.557 207. 1.208E-02

Containment B 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Lower Layer Spe

Compartment OD CT TS 

 (1/m) (g-min/m3) kg 

----------------------------------------------

Assembly 5.391E-03 0.566 5.680E-05

Airlock 1.029E-02 1.02 1.678E-05

Corridor 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Containment B 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Total mass flow through vents (kg)

To Through Upper Layer Lower Layer Trace Species

Compartment Vent Inflow Outflow Inflow Outflow Vented Captured

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Assembly M Node 1 1.813E+03 1.62 2.506E-03 0.248 

Outside M Node 2 1.814E+03 2.506E-03 0.248 

Figure 6 shows this effect graphically. The figure shows the effect of reducing the LPF by

changing the filter efficiency of a fan/duct system This figure shows the fraction of the released

material that escapes the containment building. The first curve is with no filter, the second shows

the reduction in aerosol using a 10% efficiency filter and the third utilizes a 99% filter to extract 

the radiological component. Figure 7 shows the total mass of trace species captured by the filter.

Conclusion 

The fire model CFAST has been modified to track radiological species and filter them out of

flow through forced ventilation systems.. This capability allows one to calculate the effects of

filtering radiological aerosols and illustrate the reduction in consequence of the spread of

radiological products.
12

t (s)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Mass (kg)

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

99%

10%

0%

 Figure 7. Radiological mass captured by the filter.

t (s)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

LPF Fraction

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

10%

0%

99%

 Figure 6. LPF for 0%, 10% and 99% efficient filter.
13

1. Babrauskas, V., Levin, B., Gann, R., Paabo, M., Harris, R., Peacock, R. And Yusa, S., Toxic

Potency Measurements for Fire Hazard Analysis, NIST Special Report 827 (1991).

2. Jones, W., Peacock, R., Forney, G., Reneke, P., CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth

and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide, NIST Special Publication 1026

(2005).

3. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environment, Safety and Health, 1000 Independence

Ave., S.W., Washington, DC 20585-2040, DOE-EH-4.2.1.4-Final CFAST Code Guidance (July,

2004).

4. DOE STANDARD PREPARATION GUIDE FOR U.S DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

NONREACTOR NUCLEAR FACILITY DOCUMENTED SAFETY ANALYSES, DOE-STD3009-94 (2006). 

URL is http://www.hss.energy.gov/NuclearSafety/techstds/standard/standard.html

5. Airborne Release Fractions/rates and Respirable Fractions for Nonreactor Nuclear Facilities,

DOE-HDBK-3010-94 (1994).

References

Table 1. Simple Example Showing Movement of Trace Species

VERSN,6,Simple example of following trace species

!!

!!Environmental Keywords

!!

TIMES,300,-300,10,10,10

EAMB,293.15,101300,0

TAMB,293.15,101300,0,50

CJET,WALLS

CHEMI,10,393.15

WIND,0,10,0.16

!!

!!Compartment keywords

!!

COMPA,Compartment 1,3.6,2.4,2.6,0,0,0,GYPSUM,OFF,GYPSUM

COMPA,Compartment 2,3.6,2.4,2.6,3.6,0,0,GYPSUM,OFF,GYPSUM

!!

!!vent keywords

!!

HVENT,1,3,1,1,0.1,0,1,0.7,0,4,1

HVENT,2,3,1,1,0.1,0,1,0.7,0,2,1

MVENT,1,2,1,V,2.1,0.05,V,2.1,0.05,0.14,200,300,1

!!

!!fire keywords

!!

OBJECT,POSmall,1,0.3,1.2,0.5,1,1,30,0,0,1
Table 2. Data file for Glove Box Disassembly Facility

VERSN,6, Polyethylene fire - not filtered

!!

!!Environmental Keywords

!!

TIMES,1800,-60,10,10,10

EAMB,300,101300,0

TAMB,300,101300,0,5

CJET,CEILING

CHEMI,10,393.15

WIND,0,10,0.16

!!

!!Four Compartments, including a means to capture effluent

!!

COMPA,Assembly,5,3,2.44,1,1,0,GYPX5/8,CONCRETE,GYPX5/8

COMPA,Airlock,2,2,2.44,4,4,0,GYPX5/8,CONCRETE,GYPX5/8

COMPA,Corridor,15,5,2.44,6,1,0,GYPX5/8,CONCRETE,GYPX5/8

COMPA,Outside,30,10,4.88,0,0,0,GYPSUM,OFF,GYPSUM

!!

!!Doors from 1 to 2 and 2 to 3

!!Window from 1 to 3

!!Leak from 1 to 4 and 3 to 4 (pseudo outside)

!!Leak from 4 to 5 (real outside)

!!

HVENT,1,2,1,1,2,0,1,3.5,2,3,0

HVENT,2,3,1,1,2,0,1,0.5,0,2,0

HVENT,1,3,1,1,2,1,1,1,0,2,0

HVENT,1,4,1,1.5,0.05,0,1,0.75,0,4,1

HVENT,3,4,1,1,0.1,0,1,2,0,2,1

HVENT,4,5,1,5,0.1,0,1,2.5,0,2,1

!!

!!Open doors for emergency egress

!!

EVENT,H,1,2,1,60,1,1

EVENT,H,2,3,1,65,1,1

!!

!!Blow out the window

!!

EVENT,H,1,3,1,120,1,1

!!

!!Polyethylene trash fire

!!

OBJECT,pe,1,0.5,1.5,0,1,1,0,0,0,1