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Mlllh»iiwi!itii;84 NisrUnited States Department of Commerce

Technology Administration

National Institute of Standards and Technology

N/ST Technical Note 1387

Evaluation and Correlation of

Steam Solubility Data for

Salts and Minerals of Interest

in the Power Industry

Allan H. Harvey

James C. Bellows

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J5753

W.1387

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NIST Technical Note 1 387

Evaluation and Correlation of Steam Solubility

Data for Salts and Minerals of Interest in

the Power Industry

Allan H. Harvey

James C. Bellows*

Physical and Chemical Properties Division

Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

325 Broadway

Boulder, Colorado 80303

*Steam Turbine Engineering

Westinghouse Power Generation

4400 Alafaya Trail

Orlando, Florida 32826

March 1997

'''TES

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, William M. Daley, Secretary

TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, Arati Prabhakar, Director
National Institute of Standards and Technology Technical Note

Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Tech. Note 1387, 88 pages (March 1997)

CODENrNTNOEF

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1997

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325
CONTENTS

1. Introduction 1

2. Boundaries of Study 2

3. Treatment of Data 2

4. Correlating Data 3

5. Sodium Chloride 4

6. Silicon Dioxide 5

7. Sodium Phosphate 7

8. Sodium Sulfate 8

9. Copper Oxides 10

10. Sodium Hydroxide 12

11. Iron Oxides 12

12. Assessment of Extrapolation 13

13. Summary of Solubility Calculations 13

14. Need for New Data 14

15. Bibliography 15

Appendix A. Solubility Data A-1

Cupric Oxide (CuO) A-1

Cuprous Oxide (CU2O) A-2

Quartz (Si02) A-3

Silica (SiOz) A-11

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) A-12

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) A-20

Sodium Phosphate (Na3P04) A-21

Sodium Sulfate (Na2S04) A-22

Appendix B. Vapor Pressures B-1

Appendix C. Vapor-Liquid Partitioning for Na3P04 and Na2S04 C1

Appendix D. Examination of Extrapolation Behavior D1

Appendix E. Sample Solubility Calculations E-1

m
List of Symbols

A,B,D coefficients in solubility equations

K equilibrium constant for hydration reaction

P pressure, MPa

S solute species

T absolute temperature, K

a activity of a species

m number of waters in hydration reaction

nil, ni2, m3 coefficients in solubility equations

s solid phase

V vapor phase

Xs solute mole fraction

Greek Letters

p water/steam density, mol/L

IV
Evaluation and Correlation of Steam Solubility Data for Salts

and Minerals of Interest in the Power Industry

Allan H. Harvey and James C. Bellows*

Physical and Chemical Properties Division

Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

325 Broadway

Boulder, CO 80303

We performed a literature search for data on the solubility in steam of several salts and minerals of interest in the steam power industry. The specific solutes of

interest were sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, sodium

phosphate, iron oxides, copper oxides, and silicon dioxide. The region of primary

interest was temperatures from 300 °C to 640 °C and pressures from 2 MPa to 4

MPa. Some effort was made to choose among discrepant data sets and to assess the level of uncertainty in the solubility determinations. Simple functional forms,

expressing the solubility as a function of the temperature and density of pure steam

at the experimental conditions, were fit to the data. For solutes where there are no

data in the region of interest, various extrapolation methods were used and

estimates were made of the uncertainty involved in the extrapolation. A discussion

is given of the most critical data needs in this area.

Key words: aqueous solutions; combustion turbine; deposition; mineral; power

generation; salt; solid-fluid equilibria; solubility; steam; turbine

1. Introduction

Deposition of solids from expanding steam is a significant concern in the power industry.

Deposition in steam turbines is well known. Depending on the deposited material and the location

in the turbine, deposits can cause corrosion or constriction of passages. Constriction of passages

causes higher pressure drops, reduced efficiency, and reduced capacity. Corrosion can lead to

failures and expensive repairs. Investigations into steam purity and the solubility of salts in steam

have been in progress for over 50 years [1].

The problem of deposition has developed new urgency as steam cooling is proposed for

advanced combustion turbines. In these turbines, some of the passages wiU be substantially

smaller than in the steam turbines. A small amount of deposition can block a passage. When the

passage is blocked, the region will overheat and the part will fail. Additionally, the steam wUl be

in contact with substantially hotter metal. Hot corrosion is unknown in steam turbines, but is well

*Steam Turbine Engineering, Westinghouse Power Generation, 4400 Alafaya Trail, Orlando,

Rorida 32826

1
known in combustion turbines due to higher temperatures. Sodium sulfate is well known as a cause of hot corrosion, where in steam turbines it is only a mild corrodent. Deposition of

materials that are benign in steam turbines can cause corrosion in the combustion turbine.

This project was undertaken to collect and, if possible, correlate all available data for the

solubility in steam of the following solutes: sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate,

sodium phosphate, iron oxides, copper oxides, and silicon dioxide. The correlations will be useful

in developing steam purity recommendations for the steam conditions encountered in the

advanced turbines.

2. Boundaries of Study

The temperature range considered was 200 °C to 900 °C (with 300 °C to 640 °C of

primary interest) and the pressure range considered was 1 to 6 MPa (with 2 to 4 MPa of primary

interest). These conditions correspond to very low steam densities (on the order of 0.5 to 1 mol/L) at which few reliable data exist. It was therefore necessary to collect and include in the

correlations data at higher pressures (and therefore higher densities). Some data sufficientiy far

from the region of interest were not of any use in the study; the prime example is the abundant

data for solubihties of some of these substances in liquid water. While some data in this category were cataloged if they were encountered in the literature search, no attempt was made to be

comprehensive except in and near the region of interest

The work proceeded on the assumption that the solutes remained chemically intact, undergoing no hydrolysis, decomposition, or other chemical reaction. This is not true for some solutes;

for example, Galobardes et al. [2] found that hydrolysis was not insignificant at high temperatures

in their measurements of NaCl solubihty. Sodium sulfate is also known to hydrolyze to some

extent and to undergo partial decomposition at high temperatures. Such reactions were ignored on the grounds that considering them would have made the problem intractable and that the

reaction products would likely be at least as soluble as the intact solutes, meaning that the

assumptions of no hydrolysis or dissociation would probably provide a conservative estimate for

soUds deposition calculations. For similar reasons, the possible enhancement of the solubility of one solute by the presence of another (for example, the effect of dissolved ammonia on solutes

whose solubility is sensitive to pH) was not considered.

Also, the work was limited to the equilibrium solubihty. This meant that transport of

solutes by mechanical carryover was not considered. It also meant that there was no

consideration of kinetic aspects of solute deposition. It is possible for situations to arise where

the equilibrium favors precipitation, but the kinetics are such that precipitation will not happen in the time available. Such considerations are beyond the scope of this study, but assuming

precipitation when thermodynamically possible is again a conservative assumption in this context.

3. Treatment of Data

All data were entered into a spreadsheet in the units in which they were originally

reported. They were then converted to units of temperature in kelvins, pressure in megapascals,
the density of pure water at that temperature and pressure in moles per liter, and the solubility in mole fraction. In most cases, the temperature and pressure were reported and the density of

water was calculated from the 1995 lAPWS formulation for the properties of water and steam,

hereafter referred to as the Steam Tables [3]. Some data were reported at the vapor-liquid

saturation boundary with just temperature or pressure given, in which case the other saturation

condition and the corresponding density were calculated from the Steam Tables. In a few cases, the temperature and density were reported and the pressure of pure water was calculated from the

Steam Tables. The data tabulations in Appendix A indicate which variables were measured for

each data set and the units in which the data were originally reported. It should be noted that

these procedures will not exactly match the densities at the experimental conditions, because the

PVT behavior of the solid-saturated mixture will not be identical to that of pure water. This

mismatch should be small at conditions where the solubility is small (which is for the most part the case in this work), but could be significant at conditions where the solubility is larger.

4. Correlating Data

There are two fundamental ways to describe the solubility of a solid in a gas or

supercritical fluid. The first is a physical model, where the volatility (as represented by the

fugacity) of the solute is given to a first approximation by its vapor pressure and is then

augmented by a Poynting correction (which gives the effect on the fugacity of a condensed

substance due to pressure above its saturation pressure) and a fugacity coefficient to account for

nonideaUty in the vapor phase. Fugacity coefficients can be calculated with a variety of models.

However, the substances of interest in this work show solubilities in steam many orders of

magnitude larger than would be expected based on their vapor pressures. This suggests that the

effects governing the solubility are too strong for a physical, fugacity-coefficient-based model.

The available vapor-pressure data for each solute are summarized in Appendix B.

The second option is a reaction model, where the solubility is viewed as a complexation

between some number of solvent molecules and a solute molecule. This has been the customary

approach for describing the solubility of these compounds, and it is the one adopted in this work.

If we consider the solute to be solvated by m solvent molecules, the reaction is written

S(s)-HmH20(v)<^S-mH20(v), (1)

where S is the solute. Assuming the activity of the solid to be 1 (which ignores a Poynting

correction, but that will be negligible at low and moderate pressures, especially at the relatively

high temperatures of interest here), the thermodynamic equilibrium constant K(T) for that

reaction can be written as

a(S-mH,0)

K(T) = f- y-, (2)

[a(H,0)]

where a is the activity. At this point things become difficult The activity of pure water is just its fugacity, but there is no way in general to predict or describe the activity of the hypothetical

hydrated solute complex. We must therefore begin making reasonable approximations. The first
is to replace the activity of the complex by some direct measure of how much solute is dissolved,

such as its mole fraction or partial pressure. Second, it has been found that better correlations are obtained by replacing the activity of water with its density. This leads to equations of the form

ln(x3) = f(T) + mlnp„^o HnP), (3)

where Xs is the mole fraction of solute, Ph2o is the density of the solvent water and the last (-In P)

term is only included if partial pressure (rather than mole fraction) is used to express the amount

of solute. The function f(T) is no longer the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, but now also

has to make up for other approximations in the model. The hydration number m could in general

be a function of density and/or temperature.

5. Sodium Chloride

NaCl has by far the most solubility measurements of any substance of interest in this work

in the region of interest. Most of the measurements are in good agreement at densities above

2 mol/L; below that, the measurements diverge considerably. Data considered were restricted to steam densities below 10 moVL. The data of Alekhin and Vakulenko [4] were excluded because

their values were about two orders of magnitude above those of the vast majority of investigators.

Others have observed [5, for example] that their experimental setup might be prone to adsorption

effects. The data of Sourirajan and Kennedy [6] were about one order of magnitude above those

of other investigators and show a very different trend with density than what others observe; these

data were also excluded. Finally, the early data of Spillner [1] were excluded; they fell somewhat

above the general trend and exhibited a large amount of scatter. This resulted in 12 references [2,

5, 7-16] being used in the fit.

At densities below 2 mol/L, there is a dichotomy in the data. Some data show a continuous steep decrease in solubility with decreasing density, while other (primarily Russian)

data indicate that the solubility levels off or at least decreases less quickly. Shvedov [17]

suggested that at least some of the latter data, because they were based on measurements of

chloride concentration, are artificially high due to the production of HCl by hydrolysis. For this reason, and because it was a more conservative estimate in the context of potential precipitation

from steam, we chose to fit the data in this region with the lower solubUities. We therefore

excluded the low-density (again below 2 mol/L) data of Martynova and Samilov [12] and

Styrikovich et al. [8], and also the low-temperature (at and below 402 °C) low-density data of

Sastry [11] and the low-temperature (below 400 °C) data of Bischoff et al. [15]. In addition, to avoid giving undue weight to the data from Sastry [11] in which over 200 points were reported,

those points not excluded from the fit were given a weight of 0.2 relative to the other data.

Similarly, the approximately 50 points along a single isobar by Aleinikov et al. [9] were each

given a weight of 0.5.

TTie data were fit to a simple equation of the form

ln(xs) = A-hB/T-h(mi -Hm3 /T)lnp-lnP, (4)
with values of A = -7.928 86, B = -4852.47, mi = 4.499 61, and 013 = -0.0013. In eq (4), the

temperature must be in K, the density in mol/L, and the pressure in MPa.

Figure 1 shows the range of temperature and density covered by the NaCl solubility data

(data sets that were discarded completely are not included in the figure). Figures 2 and 3 show

the deviations of the experimental data from the predicted values of In(Xs) as a function of density

and of temperature for eq (4). Figures 4 through 7 show how the data are fit along four isotherms

(where an isotherm is defined as encompassing a finite temperature range in order to include

enough data to produce a meaningful graph). Figures 4 through 7 also show the points from the

references not used in the fit [1, 4, 6]; it can be seen that especially [4] and [6] deviate badly from

the general trend of the data. Figure 5 (the 450 °C isotherm) also shows a few points from

Baierlein [18], who did not report whether the phase coexisting with his salt- saturated vapor was

liquid or solid. We have identified those points which (based on knowledge of the three-phase

line) we believe to have been vapor-solid measurements. Those points are shown on figure 5 and

listed in Appendix A. They were not used in the fit, but are in fair agreement with the data that were used.

There is substantial uncertainty in the solubility at low densities. While we chose to fit the

points with lower solubilities partly based on the analysis of Shvedov [17] concerning hydrolysis,

Galobardes et al. [2] claimed that hydrolysis was at most a moderate (on the order of 10-20

percent) effect at the conditions of their measurements. Since this issue is still not clearly

resolved, and since several studies (at least one of which [11] measured sodium concentration

which should not be affected by hydrolysis) report higher solubilities at these densities, we cannot

rule out the possibility that the solubility of NaCl at low steam densities is significantiy higher than

that given by eq (4).

6. Silicon Dioxide

There is a great deal of measured solubility data for SiOi, but unfortunately the vast

majority is for geological conditions at pressures far beyond our range of interest (data in this category encountered in our literature search are, however, still listed in the bibliography and with

the other solubility data in Appendix A). In the region of interest, there is a large amount of data

from Heitmann [19], a moderate amount of data on two isotherms from Wendlandt [20], a few

points from Morey and Hesselgesser [21, 22], and one point at a relatively high density from

Kennedy [23]. Figure 8 shows the range of temperature and density covered by the Si02

solubility data; only points included in the fit are shown in the figure.

A question with silicon dioxide is the form of the sohd to be considered. In the

temperature range of interest, quartz is the thermodynamicaUy stable solid form. However, it is also easy to obtain an amorphous silica phase. Free-energy considerations indicate that the quartz

phase should have a smaller solubility, so that the conservative approach would l^e to consider and

correlate quartz's solubility. It might be, however, that nonthermodynamic factors would inhibit

the precipitation of quartz so that the deposited phase would be amorphous silica. According to the data of Heitmann [19], quartz has a much lower solubility in water at liquid-like densities, but

the two solubilities are about equal (the amorphous silica solubility still appears to be somewhat

higher, but perhaps not within the experimental uncertainty) in low-density steam. We therefore
supplemented the quartz data with the portion of Heitmann's data for amorphous silica solubility

taken in steam at relatively low pressures (50 kg/cm^ and below). Each of these points was given

0.2 times the weight of the quartz points in the fit.

The two major data sources in the region of interest are Heitmann [19] and Wendlandt

[20]. Unfortunately, these measurements disagree with each other significandy (though not as badly as the low-density NaCl data mentioned in the previous section). They are in fairly good

agreement at higher densities, but at lower densities near 1 moVL the solubilities of Wendlandt are lower by about a factor of 3 to 5. Examination of the dissertations containing the data [20, 24]

did not reveal any obvious flaws. Both workers used a flow method to take their data, and both

report examining the dependence of solubility on flowrate to ensure that equilibrium was reached.

That examination appears to have been more extensive in Heitmann's work [24]; Wendlandt [20]

only mentions that this flowrate independence was determined in previous experiments (which

may not have even been on quartz, since several solutes are examined in his work). One might

think of using the few points of Morey and Hesselgesser [21] in the region to decide between the

two data sets. Unfortunately, the data from [21] are in closer agreement with Wendlandt's data on the 400 °C isotherm, but in closer agreement with Heitmann on the 500 °C isotherm.

Ultimately, we decided to weight each of Wendlandt's points equally to each of Heitmann's

quartz points. This had the effect of giving somewhat higher weight overall to Heitmann's data

[19], since he reported more points.

Since our solubility estimates rely heavily on the data of Heitmann, we discuss them briefly

here. Data for solubility of SiOz in water and steam were published in two places [19, 25], with

the data in [25] a subset of that in [19]. The original source was Heitmann's dissertation [24].

This contains points at a few more conditions than were reported in the publications; we do not

know whether there was a reason for omitting these points in the publications. To be safe, we did

not include these extra points in our fit. What is more disturbing is the way Heitmann discarded

some measurements. The dissertation reports all measured points, but marks with a cross those

that were discarded. These points amounted to about 20 percent of all the measured points. The

reason given by Heitmann for discarding these points was that they did not fit well on the

solubility diagram he constructed (figure 1 in [19] and figure 7 in [25]). The discarded points are sometimes quite close to points that were not discarded; at other times they differ in solubUity by

about a factor of 2. We conclude that the reproducibility of Heitmann's measurements is probably

not better than approximately a factor of 2. It is encouraging that his solubilities at higher

densities where other data do exist are not too different from those measured by others.

We tested several forms; the data were ultimately fit to the equation

ln(xs ) = A + DT + (m^ + m^p + m3T)ln p - In P , (5)

with values of A = -21.6047, D = 0.013 558 7, mj = 1.055 55, m2 = 0.094 100 5, and mj = 0.000 912 888. Figures 9 and 10 show the deviations of experimental values of In (xs) from eq

(5) as a function of density and temperature. Figures 11 and 12 show comparisons of the

experimental data and eq (5) for the 400 °C and 500 °C isotherms.
7. Sodium Phosphate

The situation for Na3P04 is complicated by the chemistry. The Na/P ratio in aqueous

solution can vary over a wide range. The solids in equilibrium can have various compositions,

and under some circumstances a second liquid phase can form. Some of this chemistry is summarized by Marshall [26] and by Wetton [27]. However, it appears that one can, at least

approximately, focus on a 3:1 Na/P ratio and ignore most of the chemistry, since the equilibrium

sohd from that ratio has a Na/P ratio near 2.8 [27]. This allows us to make rough solubility

estimates based on earlier data for Na3P04 which did not take the extra chemistry into account.

One would hope that the complex chemistry would be less important in the steam phase.

Unfortunately, we could find no data for Na3P04 solubility in steam. We therefore used

an indirect estimation method. First, the measured solubUity in liquid water at saturation at a high

temperature was combined with vapor-liquid partitioning data to estimate the solubility in the

saturated vapor at that temperature. Then we extrapolated from that point by assuming that the

dependence of the solubility on temperature and density was the same as for a model solute.

The highest temperature at which there are measurements for liquid-phase solubility is 350 °C. The mole-fraction solubihty at that temperature is 1.65 x 10^ according to Schroeder et

al. [28] and 5.97 x 10^ according to Wetton [27]. We decided to give more weight to the more

recent study [27], since the complex chemistry was not appreciated at the time of the Schroeder et

al. [28] work. We therefore used a value of 5.0 x 10^.

For the distribution between vapor and liquid, we used the data of Goodstine [29,

supplemented by additional data courtesy of ABB Combustion Engineering], who measured the

partitioning of sodium between vapor and liquid phases at various concentrations and pressures.

The data we used were graphs of sodium concentration (in parts per million) in coexisting vapor

and liquid phases. Values read from the graph, conversion of those data to mole fractions, and

derived partition coefficients are given in tabular form in Appendix C, which also gives the results

of similar calculations with Na2S04. The pressures were translated to temperatures by using

vapor pressures of pure water from the Steam tables [3], which should not introduce much error

since the solute concentrations were low. Since none of Goodstine' s measurements was at solid

saturation, the partition coefficients (which were concentration-dependent) had to be extrapolated

to saturation. In this extrapolation, we made the conservative assumption that the partition

coefficient leveled off as saturation was approached. Based on the extrapolated values of the

partition coefficient at saturation at various temperatures, we estimated a partition coefficient of

5.6 X 10^ at saturation at 350 °C, which gives a vapor mole fraction of 2.8 x 10"^.

To get an equation for the solubility of sodium phosphate at any condition, we then assume that its change in solubility with density and temperature is the same as for some model

substance. We choose sodium chloride as the model substance since it has the most data in the

region of interest. We use the NaCl equation to extrapolate from the saturated vapor at 350 °C,

where the density of pure water is 6.3061 mol/L. The equation is therefore:

X =2.8X10-^ ^NaoOVP)

(g)

Xn,c, (350 °C, 6.3061 mol/L)
The uncertainty introduced by this extrapolation to the region of interest is probably at least two

orders of magnitude; this is discussed more fully in a subsequent section.

It is important to reiterate that, in addition to uncertainty introduced by the extrapolation

above, the poorly understood chemistry of aqueous sodium phosphate at high temperatures adds a

great deal of uncertainty to these estimates. Anyone using eq (6) to estimate sodium phosphate

solubility in superheated steam must recognize that the total uncertainty is probably several orders

of magnitude.

8. Sodium Sulfate

The data situation for Na2S04 at the conditions of interest is not good. Figure 13 shows

the range of temperature and density covered by the data. There are a number of data points from

Sastry [11] along a single isotherm at 402 °C. There are some data from the Russian literature [8,

10] reporting solubilities about an order of magnitude below Sastry in the range where they

overlap. At higher temperatures, the Russian data are unusual in that they display a decrease (or

at least no increase) in solubility with increasing steam density. Two points from Morey and

Hesselgesser [22] at 500 °C fall two or three orders of magnitude above the Russian data.

Finally, there is a single tentative datum at 500 °C from ArmeUini and Tester [5], who reported

major difficulties in trying to establish a reproducible solubility measurement. This point is about

an order of magnitude above the Russian data. Additional data on the three-phase line from the

Russian thesis of Novikov [30] have a small amount of overlap with the data of Styrikovich [10].

At temperatures around 600 K, NovDcov [30] gives solubilities about two orders of magnitude

below those implied by Styrikovich [10]. Near 640 K, however (the highest temperature of his

data), Novikov [30] seems to be approximately consistent with Styrikovich [10]. We consider the

results of [30] to be questionable at the lower end of the reported temperature range, because the

reported vapor concentrations at temperatures below about 600 K are so small that it is unlikely

they could have been directly measured experimentally. We cannot tell from the material available

to us whether some (or perhaps even all) of these vapor concentrations were somehow estimated

rather than measured, but it seems that some of them must have been.

We can get an additional estimate of steam solubility of Na2S04 at saturation by using the

solubOity in the hquid and the vapor-hquid distribution data of Goodstine [29], just as was done

for sodium phosphate. Unfortunately, there is some discrepancy in the liquid solubility measure- ments at high temperatures. The data of Ravich and Borovaya [31], Schroeder et al. [32], and

Booth and Bidwell [33] are all in fair agreement, but the solubilities of KhaibuUin and Novikov

[34, 35] are lower by a factor of 2 or 3. We decided to accept the majority of the investigations

and to begin with the saturated-hquid solubility of 2.8 x 10"^ at 360 °C as measured by Booth and

Bidwell [33]. Interpolation of the data of Goodstine [29, supplemented by additional data

courtesy of ABB Combustion Engineering] produces a vapor-liquid distribution ratio at those

conditions of 5.3 x 10"*, leading to a solubility in the saturated vapor at 360 °C (where, for future

reference, we note that the steam density is 7.9876 mol/L) of 1.5 x 10"^. This number seems to be

in fair agreement with extrapolations of the steam solubilities reported by Sastry [11] and by

ArmeUini and Tester [5]; it is clearly higher than indicated by the Russian data [8, 10, 30] and

lower than indicated by the data of Morey and Hesselgesser [22].
We therefore accept this point and assume a density and temperature dependence identical

to that for sodium chloride. Using the equation for sodium chloride, we then have:

X =1.5X10-^ ^NaoOlP)

(7^

Xn,c, (360 °C, 7.9876 mol / L)

This procedure can be tested by seeing how well eq (7) agrees with the sparse and

scattered data for sodium sulfate solubility (only densities below 10 mol/L are considered here).

Figures 14 and 15 show the deviations of the data from eq (7) as a function of density and

temperature. We see large deviations in both directions, indicative of the scatter in the data. The

largest errors are at low temperatures and densities from Novikov [30], where the equation gives

solubilities several orders, of magnitude higher than the data. As already mentioned, we have

reason to question these measurements; it also seems unlikely that the solubilities would deviate

that drastically from the much better-established values for the solubilities of NaCl on the vapor

side of the three-phase line. The other Russian data [8, 10] give higher solubiUties than eq (7) at low densities but lower at high densities; we have already mentioned that the density dependence

of these solubility data seems physically unrealistic. The solubilities of Morey and Hesselgesser

[22] are also far above that given by eq (7), but they disagree as severely with the measurements

of others in the region where they overlap. Figures 16 and 17 show two approximate isotherms

where eq (7) is compared to the solubility data. The equation is at least in the neighborhood of

data from [5], [8], [10], and [11]. The density dependence of [8] and [10] is not reproduced, but, as mentioned above, we suspect the density dependence reported in those papers may be

unphysical.

After this project was completed, we learned of the work of Pritchard et al. [36]. While

they did not report their original data, they gave an equation (as a function of density only, which

is physically unrealistic) correlating their solubility measurements in the range 623 to 773 K and 4

to 17 MPa. Their solubilities are lower than those reported by others in the same region, and are lower than and have a weaker density dependence than eq (7). Figures 16 and 17 also show the

values given by [36]. This additional discrepant data, along with their observation of hydrolysis,

reinforces our point that the solubility of sodium sulfate in steam is poorly understood.

In summary, eq (7) is probably the best we can do for sodium sulfate given the uncertain

state of the data. It roughly agrees with the scattered measurements to within one or two orders

of magnitude, with the exception of some data that we have reason to suspect. We also note that

the measurement difficulties and inconsistencies could be an indication that hydrolysis (known to occur at these conditions) or other chemistry is playing a major role; for example, the bisulfate

might be a significant or even dominant species in some of the experiments. These compUcations

are beyond the scope of this study, but would add even more uncertainty to the results. The

potential importance of sodium sulfate in steam power systems is such that further experimental

work on this system could be very useful to industry.
9. Copper Oxides

There are very few data concerning the solubility of copper oxides in steam. Figure 1

8

shows the range of temperature and density covered by the data in the region of interest. The

solubility of CuO in steam has been measured by Pocock and Stewart [37] and by Heam et al. [38]. Unfortunately, in the regions where the studies overlap, the solubilities reported by Heam et

al. are higher by more than an order of magnitude. Heam et al. point to three factors which might

cause the results of Pocock and Stewart to be systematically low: (1) there was corrosion of

Pocock and Stewart's stainless steel apparatus, as evidenced by their observation of hydrogen

generation, which might lead to contamination with iron-copper complexes; (2) the experimental

configuration might not have allowed all of the steam to equilibrate with the solute; and (3) Hearn

et al. observed that, in one modification of their own apparatus that used some stainless steel components, copper metal plated out on the stainless steel, perhaps by some electrochemical

displacement reaction, giving low solubilities. Since Pocock and Stewart used a stainless steel apparatus, it is likely that this problem occurred in their experiments.

We therefore begin by fitting the data of Heam et al. [38]. The small amount of data at low densities suggests a strategy of picking one point as a base and using the NaCl equation to predict other values. When this is done, the temperature dependence of the data is reproduced

fairly well, but the density dependence seems to be far off We therefore refit eq (4) to the data

(specifically, just to those points at densities below 10 mol/L), keeping the temperature

dependence determined for NaCl but allowing the other parameters to vary. This resulted in the

equation

ln(xs) = A + B/T + (mi-l-m3/T)lnp-lnP, (8)

with values of A = -9.750 84, B = -4852.47, mj = 1.145 84, and m^ = -0.0013. The units are the

same as for eq (4); note also that the B and ms parameters are unchanged. Figures 19 and 20

show the deviations of the data from eq (8) as a function of density and temperature. The Hearn

[38] data (including those at densities above 10 mol/L where eq (8) is an extrapolation) are fitted

very well. The extrapolation of eq (8) also is in fair agreement with two data points at higher

density from Var'yash [39]; these data are discussed further below.

However, for making a conservative estimate, eq (8) may not be sufficient. Even though

we have reason to believe there are problems with the data of Pocock and Stewart [37], the Hearn

et al. data are not necessarily correct. In particular, the density dependence raises a question.

The data of Heam et al. [38] showed a much weaker decrease in solubility with decreasing density

than the NaCl data, as reflected in the need to refit the density dependence in the fitting equation.

The data of Pocock and Stewart, which may be systematically low, show a somewhat faster

decrease in solubility (though stiU not as fast as NaCl). We cannot mle out the possibility that the

solubility may decrease somewhat faster with decreasing density than would be indicated by

extrapolating eq (8). For the low (near 0.5 mol/L) densities of most interest in this work, this could result in overprediction of the solubility by one or two orders of magnitude.

10
In order to provide what might be a lower bound on the solubility, we also fit the Pocock

and Stewart [37] data. Again, the temperature dependence from eq (4) was kept, so only the

constant term and density dependence were adjusted to the data. The resulting equation is

ln(xs)= A + B/T + (mi +m3 /T)lnp-lnP, (9)

with values of A = -14.9399, B = -4852.47, mi = 2.596 18, and m^ = -0.0013. The units are the same as for eq (4); again the B and ms parameters are unchanged. Figures 21 and 22 show the

deviations of the data from eq (9) as functions of density and temperature.

Unfortunately, when extrapolated to the low densities of interest in this study, eqs (8) and

(9) differ by about two or three orders of magnitude (this can be seen in the sample calculations in Appendix E). This is due both to the higher solubility of the Heam [38] data in the region where

the two studies overlap, and to the larger density dependence of the solubility in the Pocock and

Stewart [37] study. It is, of course, possible that the truth Ues somewhere between the two data

sets; for example, the Heam data might be of the correct magnitude but the true density

dependence might be that of Pocock and Stewart. It seems plausible that, in the low-density

region of interest, we can consider eqs (8) and (9) to be approximate upper and lower bounds,

respectively, on the solubility of CuO.

It is worth examining the limited CuO solubility data at higher densities of Var'yash [39]

to see if they can offer any insight into the relative merits of the other two data sets. Pabner et al. [40] recently pointed out that, when a fit they had done to the Pocock and Stewart [37] data was

extrapolated to the condition of saturated liquid water at 350 °C, it came close to matching the

solubility at those conditions reported by Var'yash. However, the highest water density in the

data of Pocock and Stewart [37] is about 7.3 mol/L (compared to almost 32 mol/L for the

saturated liquid data point from [39]), and the lowest temperature in [37] is about 476 °C. This

makes the extrapolation in both density and temperature so large that, while its results are

interesting and somewhat suggestive, it cannot be given much weight as evidence for the validity

of the low-density data of Pocock and Stewart [37]. This is underscored by the fact that (as seen

in figures 19 and 20) our extrapolation of the Heam [38] data as fit by eq (8) is also in reasonable

agreement with this datum.

We feel that a better comparison for our purposes can be made with the point reported by

Var'yash [39] at 450 °C and 50 MPa. This is within the temperature range of [38], and just

below that of [37]. The density is still too high (about 22.3 mol/L), but not as much so as the

350 °C saturated liquid data point. Unfortunately, this point also does not help distinguish

between the two data sets, because of their different density dependence. While the solubihties of

Pocock and Stewart [37] are lower than those of Heam et al. [38] at the densities where the

studies overlap, they increase more quickly with density. As a result, when extrapolated, they

both produce values that are in reasonable agreement with this data point of Var'yash [39]. The

extrapolation of [38] comes closer to the datum, but the difference is not significant in Ught of the

uncertainties in the data. Figure 23 shows an isotherm for CuO at temperatures near 740 K,

showing the behavior of eqs (8) and (9) at lower densities than those where data exist and also at the higher density of the steam solubility data point of Var'yash [39]. This figure shows the

11
irreconcilable differences between the two data sets, the worsening of that difference at low

density, and also the fact that the higher-density data from Var'yash [39] does not help us

distinguish between the two sets.

The only CuiO data are from Pocock and Stewart [37], and if the critique of their CuO

data by Heam et al. [38] is correct these data would probably also be systematically low. The

data are all at essentially one temperature (about 893 K) and cover a relatively narrow range of

densities. If we accept the Pocock and Stewart data, it is reasonable to once again take the

temperature dependence from the NaCl equation and adjust only the constant term and the density

dependence to the data. The result is

ln(xs) = A + B/T + (mj +m3 /T)lnp-lnP, (10)

with values of A = -21.4219, B = -4852.47, mi = 6.272 27, and ms = -O.0013. Figure 24 shows

the fit of eq (10) to the data of Pocock and Stewart [37]. The density dependence is steeper than

that of the Pocock and Stewart [37] CuO data, and much steeper than for the Heam [38] CuO

data. If the density dependence were, for example, reaUy that of Heam's CuO data, eq (10)

would underestimate the solubility at low-density conditions by several orders of magnitude. If the Pocock and Stewart [37] data have the same systematic problems that may have affected their

CuO solubility data, then eq (10) would underestimate the solubility.

Finally, there may be uncertainties due to the chemistry for the copper oxides. Turbine

deposits are sometimes copper metal and sometimes either or both of the two oxides [37]. This

suggests that some electrochemical oxidation/reduction processes are taking place in the hightemperature water and/or steam. Such chemical processes would add a great deal of uncertainty

to any estimates based on equilibrium solubility of individual oxidation states, and would also

render suspect the solubility measurements themselves. Electrochemical transport mechanisms

may well be very important for copper in steam, but they are beyond the scope of this study.

10. Sodium Hydroxide

It is more difficult to assess and model the solubUity of sodium hydroxide because the

equilibrium at conditions of interest would not be with a pure sohd but rather with a NaOH-rich

liquid. The few sources of data in the region of interest [11, 13, 14] all indicate that the

equUibrium solubility of NaOH in low-density steam is approximately the same (witiiin about a

factor of 2, which is at least as good as the data) as that of NaCl. We therefore consider it appropriate to apply the equation developed for NaCl also to NaOH.

11. Iron Oxides

There is a fair amount of data for the solubihty of iron oxides in liquid water at high

temperatures [41-49]. The tiny solubility in liquid water is heavily influenced by the chemistry;

many studies used hydrogen to maintain a reducing environment and some reported variations in solubility with pH. In steam, the electrochemical solubility reactions would be more unfavorable.

All indications are that the equiUbrium solubihty of iron oxides in neutral steam would be

12
exceedingly small. We therefore did not consider iron oxides further on the grounds that the

equilibrium transport in steam would be negligible and the only potential problem would be

mechanical carryover, which is beyond the scope of this study.

12. Assessment of Extrapolation

Some assessment needs to be made with regard to the validity of using NaCl as a model

substance for extrapolating limited solubility data for other substances. There are two different sources of error in this extrapolation procedure: (1) uncertainty in the behavior of NaCl itself, as evidenced by the data discrepancies mentioned above; and (2) the likeUhood that the density and

temperature dependence of the solubility of the other substance will not match that of NaCl.

In order to get some idea of the second uncertainty, we examined the extrapolation

behavior of both the NaCl equation (4) and the SiOa equation (5) from a starting point of 350 °C

and 6.306 mol/L, which was the starting point for the sodium phosphate extrapolation. The

complete results are given in Appendix D. Here we mention the extrapolation to two points of

interest. For an approximate "entrance" condition (where "entrance" and "exit" refer to conditions encountered in the channels of the Advanced Turbine System) of 300 °C and 1 mol/L,

the ratio of the solubility at that state to that at the starting point was 5.016 x 10"^ for the NaCl

equation and 8.548 x 10'^ for the SiOz equation. For an "exit" condition of 600 °C and 0.5

mol/L, the ratios were 4.796 x 10"^ for the NaCl equation and 1.338 x 10"^ for the Si02 equation.

From these sample calculations, we conclude that these extrapolation methods introduce a

large uncertainty, particularly at lower densities. There can be two orders of magnitude difference

between the NaCl and Si02 equations. It is logical that different substances would behave

somewhat differently as a function of temperature and density. If we view the solubility as a "hydration" reaction, the details of that reaction (such as the number of water molecules involved

in the hydration) are potentially quite different depending on the nature of the solute. In general,

there seems to be no way to predict the differences between solutes.

Therefore, while the lack of data leaves us with no other choice but to use this kind of

extrapolation technique, we must recognize that the extrapolation is highly uncertain and should

not be trusted within less than about two orders of magnitude, especially at low densities.

13. Summary of Solubility Calculations

For checking the implementation of the equations given in this paper, tables of calculated

solubilities as a function of temperature and pressure (from 200 to 900 °C and 1 to 6 MPa) are given in Appendix E. The number of digits given in these tables is only for the purpose of

checking calculations and is not indicative of the accuracy of the formulations. Appendix E also

Usts the equation (and its coefficients) used to generate each table. In these calculations, density

was determined from a given temperature and pressure from the Steam Tables [31. Some of the

points at 200 °C are not given because they would produce liquid densities, which are far outside

the range of these correlations. In many cases, other points in the table will also be extrapolations

13
far beyond the range in which the correlation should be used. Consult the sections on the

individual solutes for comments on the level of confidence to place in these computations.

14. Need for New Data

The literature search on which this report is based was as thorough as possible.

Essentially all the data on the compounds of interest in the region of interest were examined.

Only for sodium chloride and silicon dioxide were there enough data for fairly definitive estimates

of their solubiUties in steam, and even for those solutes there were discrepancies between data sources at low steam densities. We must therefore conclude that, for most other common steam

impurities, there are insufficient data for definitive engineering of steam cooling systems for

combustion turbines. Steam purity recommendations are based on preventing deposition of

impurities. Iron oxide can be controlled by feedwater chemistry. Copper oxides can be controlled

by eUminating copper alloys from the system. Control of salts is more difficult Both sodium

phosphate and sodium sulfate can be expected to form low-melting deposits on the surface of the

nickel alloys typically used in combustion turbines. These low-melting deposits can be expected

to lead to hot corrosion. Margins can be added to the solubilities estimated in this report to provide conservative estimates of solubilities. Water can be made adequately pure to maintain the

concentrations of the various compounds below conservative values. However, the cost of

purifying water is not inconsequential, and the cost increases as the tolerable impurity

concentration decreases. Therefore, good quality data for the solubility of sodium phosphate and

sodium sulfate in steam would be economically beneficial. For those solutes where the solubility

is complicated by hydrolysis or other reactions, better understanding of those reactions would also

be beneficial.

Data entry and conversion, some data fitting, production of figures, and other support

tasks on this project were performed by Craig J. Wardell. The collaboration which made this

work possible was facilitated by Dan Friend. The authors thank Sergei Kiselev for his assistance

with the Russian literature and Amo Laesecke for his assistance with the German literature. Don

Palmer provided valuable constructive criticism, a prepublication copy of reference [40], and a copy of reference [17]. Reference [30] was obtained with the help of John Gallagher and Anneke

Sengers. Malcolm Chase provided advice and prepublication data for the calculation of solute

vapor pressures. ABB Combustion Engineering, through Stephen Goodstine, supplemented

reference [29] by providing unpublished data related to the partitioning of sodium compounds

between water and steam.

14
15. Bibliography

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collected and tabulated without being mentioned in the main body of the report; these (beginning

with reference [50] are listed in the order they appear in Appendix A. Finally, some additional

papers were collected which were of less direct relevance to this work (for example, papers

summarizing or correlating data reported elsewhere). These papers (beginning with reference

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15
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16
[27] Wetton, E.A.M., Phase equlilibria in aqueous sodium phosphate solutions at 350°C, Power

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19
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temperatures and pressures, Angew. Chemie, 75, 949-957 (1963).

[73] Martynova, O.I., Some problems of the solubility of involatile inorganic compounds in water vapor at high temperatures and pressures, Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 38, 587-592 (1964).

[74] Styrikovich, M.A., Martynova, O.I. and Mingulina, E.I., The dependence of the

coordination number of weak electrolytes on the density of the solvent water, Doklady - Phys. Chem., ill, 91 1-914 (1966).

[75] Martynova, O.I., Solubility of inorganic compounds in subcritical and supercritical water, in High Temperature, High Pressure Electrochemistry, 4th ed.. National Association of

Corrosion Engineers: Houston, 131-138 (1976).

[76] Fournier, R.O. and Potter, R.W., An equation correlating the solubility of quartz in water

from 25 degrees to 900 degrees C at pressures up to 10,000 bars, Geochim. Cosmochim.

Acta, 46, 1969-1973(1982).

[77] Von Damm, K.L., Bischoff, J.L. and Rosenbauer, R.J., Quartz solubility in hydrothermal

seawater: an experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M

NaCl solutions, Amer. J. Sci., 291, 977-1007 (1991).

[78] Fournier, R.O. and Thompson, J.M., Composition of steam in the system NaCl-KCl-HiOQuartz at 600°C, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 4365-4375 (1993).

20
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44
APPENDIX A - SOLUBILITY DATA

Compound: Cupric Oxide (CuO) Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

Reference ^°^°^^' ^^- ^^^ Stewart, j.f. , 1963, Tfie 505.15 20.9579 46.675 7.9663E-08

solubility of copper and its oxides in supercritical 37 steam: Journal of Engineering for Power, v. 85, 507.15 26.7839 46.806 8.1931 E-08

P- 33-45 522.15 20.0961 45.382 1.0206E-07

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees F, 525.15 20.9234 45.196 1.1085E-07

Pressure in psig, Solubility in ppb ofCu 533.15 26.1634 44.865 1.1142E-07

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 533.15 26.9908 44.912 1.0716E-07

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 533.15 28.6110 45.002 1.1198E-07

749.04 12.8566 2.349 1.4175E-10 546.15 22.1645 43.549 1.2587E-07

754.76 31.1276 7.295 2.3247E-09 564.15 28.0595 42.361 1.4260E-07

754.93 31.1276 7.289 3.3453E-09 571.15 22.3368 41.210 1 .4629E-07

755.26 12.8566 2.318 2.551 5E-10 580.15 29.0592 40.897 1.5507E-07

809.09 31.1276 5.951 1 .6443E-09 595.15 22.6471 38.509 1 .7294E-07

811.09 31.1276 5.916 1 .7577E-09 604.15 29.0592 38.208 1.7010E-07

813.37 18.7171 3.165 8.221 5E-10 623.15 27.6803 35.298 1.3098E-07

838.93 31.1276 5.484 1.7860E-09 623.15 41 .4697 37.486 1.6160E-07

839.82 22.1645 3.647 8.221 5E-10 647.15 24.2329 27.786 6.6339E-08

865.59 31.1276 5.150 3.2602E-09 649.15 27.6803 29.599 5.4999E-08

891.87 31.1276 4.874 6.8040E-10 651.15 31.1276 30.694 9.5539E-08

893.82 31.1276 4.856 5.2164E-09 652.15 27.3355 28.323 3.8839E-08

893.87 18.7171 2.743 9.3555E-10 654.15 27.6803 27.798 9.3838E-08

894.26 31.1276 4.852 4.3092E-09 654.15 34.5750 31.285 9.0720E-08

894.71 22.8539 3.413 1 .5706E-08 654.15 38.0224 32.326 9.9225E-08

894.71 26.9908 4.116 3.2035E-09 655.15 41 .4697 33.012 1 .3778E-07

895.32 31.1276 4.841 4.4226E-09 659.15 28.0250 25.796 2.5231 E-08

895.82 31.1276 4.837 3.4870E-09 661.15 31.8171 28.209 4.2808E-08

662.15 27.6458 23.163 6.4354E-08

Reference: Hearn, B., Hunt, M. R. and Hayward, A., 1969,

Solubility of cupric oxide in pure subcritical and 662.15 28.0595 23.989 6.6055E-08

38 supercritical water: Journal of Chemical and 674.15 29.7831 18.539 3.3169E-08

Engineering Data V. 14, n. 4, D. 442-447 674.15 34.5750 25.687 5.1597E-08

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, 674.15 35.2645 26.217 4.8195E-08

Pressure in psig, Solubility in ppb ofCu

678.15 37.1605 26.234 6.0669E-08

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 678.15 41 .9524 28.707 1.1510E-07

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 681.15 34.0579 22.172 3.6571 E-08

330.15 12.0292 54.945 3.5154E-09 693.15 26.5771 8.329 1.3041 E-08

342.15 8.3750 54.506 4.5360E-09 694.15 30.6795 11.830 1.8144E-08

354.15 7.6855 54.095 6.5205E-09 695.15 27.9216 9.122 2.551 5E-08

360.15 26.5082 54.338 6.6622E-09 703.15 34.9887 14.672 2.8350E-08

361.15 26.6460 54.306 6.0952E-09 704.15 38.0224 17.851 4.3375E-08

362.15 27.3355 54.286 4.8195E-09 707.15 41 .4697 20.359 8.9302E-08

383.15 22.8539 53.376 6.6622E-09 713.15 23.9226 5.937 2.1829E-08

390.15 25.6118 53.156 8.221 5E-09 713.15 34.3682 12.042 2.6082E-08

394.15 24.3708 52.954 1.0773E-08 721.15 41 .4008 16.624 8.4766E-08

395.15 23.8882 52.899 6.5205E-09 728.15 27.7492 6.970 2.8633E-08

406.15 8.3750 51.982 7.371 OE-09 733.15 24.2329 5.511 1.5876E-08

427.15 8.3750 50.941 1 .4742E-08 733.15 24.2329 5.511 2.2963E-08

454.15 18.3034 49.795 5.6133E-08 734.15 41.8145 14.501 5.2164E-08

460.15 13.9253 49.292 4.0540E-08 735.15 41 .4697 14.107 3.5721 E-08

480.15 13.2013 48.024 6.0102E-08 736.15 37.9534 11.675 3.9406E-08

A- 1
Temperature

(K)

741.15

742.15

770.15

Pressure

(MPa)

34.9887

31.2655

23.9916

Density

(mol/L)

9.603

7.848

4.764

Solubility

(mole fraction)

3.061 8E-08

2.2680E-08

3.2035E-08

Compound: Cuprous Oxide (Cu20)

Reference: Pocock, F.J. and Stewart, J.F., 1963, The

solubility of copper and its oxides in supercritical 37 steam: Journal of Engineering for Power, v. 85,

p. 33-45 770.15

773.15

774.15

775.15

28.1284

37.5052

34.8852

30.8863

5.901

8.910

7.931

6.606

3.4303E-08

3.9123E-08

4.1958E-08

4.1107E-08

Units of original measurements:

Pressure in psig, Solubility in ppb

Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Temperature in degrees F, ofCu

Density Solubility

(mol/L) (mole fraction)

776.15 41.3318 10.234 5.0463E-08 892.21 31.1276 4.871 1 .4033E-09

823.15 24.4397 4.241 3.2602E-08 892.93 31.1276 4.864 1.0915E-09

823.15 28.0250 5.011 2.8350E-08 893.04 31.1276 4.863 1.6301E-09

823.15 38.0913 7.439 4.8762E-08 894.09 31.1276 4.853 1.2899E-09

823.15 41.3318 8.311 4.5076E-08 894.21 31.1276 4.852 1.6301E-09

824.15 31.6447 5.821 3.7705E-08 894.59 31.1276 4.848 1.0915E-09

824.15 34.9197 6.609 4.6777E-08 894.71 22.8539 3.413 3.9690E-10

Reference: Varyash, LN., 1986, Hydrolysis of Cu(ll) at 25- 894.71

895.04

26.9908

18.7171

4.116

2.738

6.6622E-10

4.2525E-11

39 23, n. 1 , p. 82-92

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C,

Solubility in molality, * indicates data point is at saturation Density Solubility

(mol/L) (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

623.15

723.15

16.5294

50.0000

31.901

22.317

1.8916E-08

5.5667E-08

A-2
Compound: Quartz (Si02)

Reference' Heitmann, H.G., 1964, Solubility of silicic acid in water and steam and their influence on turbine 19 silication: Chemiker-Ztg./Chem. Apparatur, v. 88,

n. 22, p. 891-893

Temperatun

(K)

773.15

773.15

773.15

? Pressure

(MPa)

4.9033

9.8066

19.6133

Density

(mol/L)

0.793

1.656

3.663

Solubility

(mole fraction)

3.6580E-06

9.5649E-06

2.2789E-05

Units of original measurements:

Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Temperature in degrees C, mg/kg

Density Solubility

(mol/L) (mole fraction)

820.15

823.15

823.15

823.15

29.4200

3.1381

9.8066

19.6133

5.366

0.467

1.525

3.275

6.3574E-05

3.4181 E-06

1.4632E-05

3.4484E-05

425.15 0.0981 0.028 6.8962E-09 827.15 4.9033 0.734 3.7479E-06

433.15 29.4200 51.271 3.6283E-05 862.15 19.6133 3.044 4.0181 E-05

435.15 0.0981 0.027 7.7957E-09 863.15 29.4200 4.841 7.7371 E-05

440.15 0.2942 0.082 1 .3792E-08 865.15 4.9033 0.698 8.0057E-06

473.15 0.2942 0.076 1.5891 E-08 865.15 9.8066 1.433 1.9100E-05

478.15

488.15

508.15

513.15

29.4200

0.0981

0.2942

29.4200

48.784

0.024

0.070

46.511

7.7671 E-05

1.0194E-08

2.2787E-08

1 .2627E-04

Reference: ^ 20 !

1

Wendlandt. H.G., 1963, Reaktionen zwischen

Dxiden und Wasser bei hoheren Temperaturen

jnd verschiednen Dichten: Dissertation - Jniversity of Gottingen

525.15

525.15

543.15

548.15

0.5884

3.1381

0.0981

0.2942

0.138

0.823

0.022

0.065

4.1377E-08

5.9967E-08

1.6191 E-08

2.8184E-08

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in atm, Solubility in mg/kg

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

553.15 29.4200 43.430 1 .9288E-04 673.15 2.1278 0.391 2.0988E-07

573.15 4.9033 1.196 3.7779E-07 673.15 4.5596 0.869 4.4975E-07

573.15 29.4200 41 .620 2.261 9E-04 673.15 6.5861 1.298 6.8962E-07

577.15 3.1381 0.711 1 .4992E-07 673.15 9.3219 1.931 9.5947E-07

583.15 0.2942 0.061 4.1077E-08 673.15 10.6391 2.264 1.4092E-06

588.15 0.5884 0.122 7.7357E-08 673.15 15.1988 3.609 2.8484E-06

589.15 0.0981 0.020 2.6086E-08 673.15 18.2385 4.759 3.8379E-06

603.15 29.4200 38.378 2.7542E-04 673.15 20.2650 5.715 5.5770E-06

613.15 0.0981 0.019 4.1077E-08 673.15 22.2915 6.917 1.1094E-05

623.15 0.2942 0.057 6.3865E-08 673.15 25.3313 9.627 1.9490E-05

623.15 4.9033 1.045 6.5364E-07 673.15 27.8644 14.061 3.8082E-05

626.15 9.8066 2.381 2.0839E-06 673.15 28.8776 16.805 5.7276E-05

627.15 3.1381 0.638 3.8079E-07 673.15 29.8909 19.577 1.0257E-04

633.15 29.4200 33.964 2.8743 E-04 673.15 35.4637 26.688 1 .8658E-04

655.15 0.0981 0.018 5.3370E-08 673.15 40.5300 29.264 2.4630E-04

658.15 0.5884 0.108 1.5172E-07 773.15 1.0133 0.159 1.7990E-07

663.15 0.2942 0.054 1.1484E-07 773.15 2.0265 0.320 2.1588E-07

663.15 29.4200 25.381 1.8388E-04 773.15 3.0398 0.484 2.9983E-07

673.15 4.9033 0.940 1.1634E-06 773.15 5.0663 0.821 6.8962E-07

673.15 9.8066 2.051 3.1483E-06 773.15 8.1060 1.348 1.3193E-06

673.15 19.6133 5.386 1 .3793E-05 773.15 8.1060 1.348 1 .0494E-06

674.15 3.1381 0.584 6.7163E-07 773.15 10.1325 1.716 8.3954E-07

681.15 29.4200 13.678 9.8368E-05 773.15 12.3616 2.139 2.1288E-06

683.15 0.5884 0.104 1 .9789E-07 773.15 12.6656 2.198 2.0389E-06

703.15 0.0981 0.017 9.6846E-08 773.15 15.1988 2.706 3.6580E-06

711.15 0.2942 0.050 1.5052E-07 773.15 17.7319 3.243 5.4570E-06

717.15 29.4200 8.303 4.6479E-05 773.15 18.2385 3.355 6.5964E-06

722.15 19.6133 4.264 1.6791 E-05 773.15 21 .2783 4.052 2.2789E-05

723.15 4.9033 0.859 2.8424E-06 773.15 21 .7849 4.173 2.8186E-05

723.15 9.8066 1.823 5.3071 E-06 773.15 22.2915 4.296 1.4992E-05

768.15 29.4200 6.333 5.0978E-05 773.15 25.8379 5.204 2.9386E-05

A-3
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

29.8909

31.2081

40.0234

40.5300

50.6625

6.355

6.758

9.881

10.084

14.579

3.6283E-05

5.2177E-05

5.4877E-05

8.5770E-05

1.5177E-04

Reference:

21

Morey, G.W. and Hesselgesser, J.M., 1950, The

solubility of quartz and some other substances in superheated steam at high pressures: Joint Research Committee on Boiler Feedwater

Studies and the Power Division Annual Meeting,

ASME Paper No. 50--A-73, p. 865-875

Units of original measurements : Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in psia, Solubility in ppm

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

633.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

34.4737

3.4474

6.8947

13.7895

34.4737

68.9473

103.4210

3.4474

6.8947

13.7895

34.4737

68.9473

103.4210

35.053

0.646

1.366

3.154

25.969

35.301

38.737

0.551

1.134

2.420

7.825

22.188

29.853

2.5561 E-04

3.1183E-07

9.2949E-07

1.5591E-06

1.9108E-04

3.7782E-04

4.5052E-04

1.1304E-06

4.2577E-06

1.0704E-05

6.4774E-05

4.0456E-04

7.7978E-04

Reference' ^°''®y' '^•^- ^'^ Hesselgesser, J.M., 1951, The

solubility of some minerals in superheated steam 22 at high pressures: Economic Geology, v. 46, p. 821-835

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in psia, Solubility in wt%

Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

673.15

673.15

773.15

773.15

873.15

873.15

873.15

873.15

150.0000

200.0000

150.0000

200.0000

33.3000

100.0000

150.0000

200.0000

41.701

43.992

34.971

38.380

5.490

20.772

28.192

32.714

6.2156E-04

6.9975E-04

1.2148E-03

1.5014E-03

1 .0797E-04

8.8935E-04

1 .6827E-03

2.3061 E-03

Reference' Kennedy, G.C., 1950, A portion of the system

silica-water: Economic Geology, v. 45, p. 629- 23 653

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in bar, Solubility In wt%

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

433.15 0.6200 50.371 2.0989E-05

455.15

473.15

495.15

513.15

529.15

536.15

553.15

553.15

573.15

573.15

573.15

590.15

590.15

591.15

593.15

598.15

598.15

599.15

603.15

603.15

606.15

609.15

610.15

612.15

614.15

616.15

619.15

621.15

623.15

623.15

628.15

628.15

631.15

633.15

633.15

633.15

633.15

633.15

634.15

638.15

639.15

641.15

641.15

641.15

642.15

642.15

645.15

646.15

647.15

648.15

651.15

1.1100

1.5500

2.5000

3.3500

100.0000

5.1700

6.4200

100.0000

8.5900

30.0000

30.0000

50.0000

100.0000

10.6700

20.0000

15.0000

30.0000

25.0000

12.8100

75.0000

100.0000

25.0000

20.0000

15.0000

30.0000

50.0000

15.6500

35.0000

20.0000

100.0000

30.0000

75.0000

25.0000

18.6700

18.6700

18.6700

20.0000

30.0000

40.0000

20.0000

35.0000

20.0000

20.5100

50.0000

25.0000

30.0000

30.0000

22.1000

25.0000

25.0000

75.0000

49.117

47.996

46.497

45.149

48.325

43.234

41.647

46.926

39.530

41.668

41 .668

41.664

44.594

37.302

38.415

36.906

39.043

38.308

35.568

42.299

43.514

36.956

35.895

34.262

37.038

39.208

32.751

36.848

33.340

42.316

34.956

40.259

33.153

29.286

29.286

29.286

30.419

34.104

35.875

27.832

34.208

8.513

26.182

36.453

30.325

32.360

31.698

22.130

28.501

28.059

38.203

5.0978E-05

7.1972E-05

1.0797E-04

1.2897E-04

1 .8898E-04

1 .7097E-04

1 .8898E-04

2.3400E-04

2.0398E-04

2.3100E-04

2.3100E-04

2.61 01 E-04

3.1506E-04

2.1299E-04

2.4000E-04

2.3100E-04

2.6402E-04

2.4600E-04

2.2199E-04

3.1205E-04

3.571 OE-04

2.5801 E-04

2.4000E-04

2.2799E-04

2.7302E-04

3.1506E-04

2.0999E-04

2.9104E-04

2.4000E-04

4.051 6E-04

2.9104E-04

3.6911 E-04

2.61 01 E-04

1 .7097E-04

1 .8298E-04

1 .6797E-04

2.0999E-04

2.9104E-04

3.2106E-04

1 .9048E-04

3.1205E-04

1 .3947E-04

1 .3947E-04

3.541 OE-04

2.2799E-04

2.7002E-04

2.6702E-04

6.8973E-05

1 .7697E-04

1 .8298E-04

4.3220E-04

A-4
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

653.15 25.0000 25.024 1 .3797E-04

653.15 50.0000 34.946 3.541 OE-04

654.15 30.0000 29.340 2.3400E-04

655.15 100.0000 39.910 4.8328E-04

658.15 30.0000 28.031 2.1899E-04

658.15 35.0000 30.544 2.8503E-04

662.15 25.0000 12.500 4.7979E-05

663.15 30.0000 26.023 1 .9048E-04

664.15 30.0000 25.552 1 .8298E-04

665.15 35.0000 28.792 2.4600E-04

665.15 40.0000 30.784 3.0605E-04

667.15 125.0000 40.679 5.6744E-04

668.15 50.0000 32.840 3.571 OE-04

669.15 50.0000 32.689 3.541 OE-04

670.15 30.0000 22.018 1 .4397E-04

673.15 35.0000 26.365 2.2799E-04

674.15 60.0000 33.868 4.1417E-04

680.15 40.0000 27.323 2.8203E-04

681.15 30.0000 14.783 8.6969E-05

683.15 60.0000 32.689 4.081 6E-04

683.15 75.0000 35.003 4.6224E-04

684.15 100.0000 37.546 5.4339E-04

686.15 175.0000 42.162 7.6594E-04

689.15 100.0000 37.121 5.5842E-04

693.15 35.0000 18.000 1 .4547E-04

696.15 50.0000 28.021 3.3307E-04

700.15 150.0000 39.952 7.2081 E-04

701.15 35.0000 15.236 1.1847E-04

702.15 150.0000 39.820 8.1409E-04

703.15 40.0000 20.231 1 .9648E-04

708.15 175.0000 40.848 9.1946E-04

709.15 75.0000 32.076 4.8027E-04

711.15 50.0000 24.928 2.9704E-04

715.15 60.0000 27.927 4.021 5E-04

715.15 150.0000 38.954 8.321 5E-04

722.15 75.0000 30.504 4.7727E-04

725.15 100.0000 33.906 6.3659E-04

726.15 40.0000 14.485 1 .3797E-04

728.15 50.0000 21.247 2.7753E-04

748.15 50.0000 17.497 2.4150E-04

751.15 60.0000 21.990 3.4509E-04

765.15 100.0000 30.097 7.0276E-04

777.15 75.0000 23.562 4.9079E-04

779.15 50.0000 13.695 1 .9948E-04

779.15 60.0000 18.053 3.1806E-04

780.15 60.0000 17.934 3.2106E-04

784.15 50.0000 13.261 1.9348E-04

813.15 50.0000 11.341 1 .7697E-04

815.15 100.0000 25.383 7.5090E-04

818.15 60.0000 14.382 3.0004E-04

826.15 75.0000 18.453 4.9830E-04

Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

832.15 75.0000 17.954 5.01 31 E-04

878.15 60.0000 1 1 .297 2.9404E-04

883.15 125.0000 24.348 1.3716E-03

Reference' ^V^*' 'J- ^^^ Sabatier, C, 1955, Nouvelles mesures de la solubilitie du quartz, de la 50 tridymite et de la cristobalite dans I'eau sous

pression au-dessus de la temperature critique: Acad. Sci. Paris Comptes Rendus, v. 240, p. 1905-1907

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in bar, Solubility In g/kg

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

673.15 50.0000 32.072 3.3007E-04

673.15 100.0000 38.464 4.9530E-04

673.15 150.0000 41.701 6.0051 E-04

673.15 200.0000 43.992 6.6065E-04

Reference:

51

Khitarov, N.I., 1956, The 400 degree isotherm

for the system H20-Si02 at pressures up to 2000 Kg/cm2: Geochemistry International, v. 1, p. 55-61

Units of original measurements:

Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in Temperature

mg/L

in degrees C,

Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

623.15 294.1995 49.344 5.4339E-04

673.15 58.8399 33.802 2.9104E-04

673.15 98.0665 38.305 4.291 9E-04

673.15 147.0998 41.547 5.7646E-04

673.15 196.1330 43.835 6.5163E-04

673.15 235.3596 45.307 7.3465E-04

673.15 274.5862 46.574 7.7196E-04

673.15 294.1995 47.148 7.8550E-04

673.15 343.2328 48.453 8.4118E-04

673.15 348.1361 48.574 8.5684E-04

673.15 392.2660 49.609 9.0742E-04

723.15 294.1995 44.903 1.2841E-03

Reference' '^i^^^''^, S., i960. The solubility of quartz in water at high temperatures and pressures: Rev. 52 Phys. Chemistry Japan, v. 30, p. 109-1 14

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure In atm, Volume in mUg, Solubility in wt%, * indicates data point is at saturation Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

433.15 0.6079 50.371 2.3988E-05

* 473.15 1.5199 47.996 7.7971 E-05

* 513.15 3.3437 45.149 1.3497E-04*

553.15 6.3835 41.647 1.7397E-04*

573.15 8.8153 39.530 1 .8598E-04

* 593.15 1 1 .4497 37.029 1.9498E-04*

613.15 14.6921 33.897 1 .9498E-04

'

A-5
Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(inolA.)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

633.15 18.6438 29.286 1.5897E-04* 753.15 63.6913 23.129 3.3307E-04

643.15 21.0756 25.058 7.4971 E-05

* 753.15 70.0847 25.231 3.901 4E-04

653.15 23.3990 13.877 5.3977E-05 753.15 80.0410 27.754 4.7426E-04

653.15 23.5724 15.860 6.8973E-05 773.15 49.1580 13.877 1 .6497E-04

653.15 23.7312 18.503 8.9969E-05 773.15 53.4043 15.860 2.0999E-04

653.15 23.8961 20.559 1 .0797E-04 773.15 59.2948 18.503 2.7002E-04

653.15 24.3314 23.129 1.3197E-04 773.15 64.3815 20.559 3.1806E-04

653.15 25.1031 25.231 1 .5897E-04 773.15 71.8765 23.129 3.9014E-04

653.15 27.1334 27.754 2.0098E-04 773.15 79.4439 25.231 4.6525E-04

653.15 32.7120 30.838 2.6101E-04 773.15 90.9985 27.754 5.5541 E-04

653.15

653.15

673.15

673.15

48.4744

65.3194

27.7892

28.5439

34.693

37.006

13.877

15.860

3.3608E-04

3.751 2E-04

6.5974E-05

8.3970E-05

Reference: Kennedy, G.C, Wasserburg, G.J., Heard, H.C. and Newton, R.C., 1962, The upper three phase

53 region in the system Si02-H20: American

Journal of Science, v. 260, p. 501-521 673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

29.4771

30.3171

31 .7689

33.6049

18.503

20.559

23.129

25.231

1 .0797E-04

1 .2897E-04

1 .5597E-04

1.9198E-04

Units ot original measurements: Temperature Pressure in kbar, Solubility in wt%

Temperature Pressure Density

(K) (MPa) (moIA^)

' in degrees C,

Solubility

(mole fraction)

673.15 37.2416 27.754 2.4000E-04 1321.15 800.0000 40.261 1.1100E-01

673.15 45.2020 30.838 3.0905E-04 1323.15 800.0000 40.221 1 .0028E-01

673.15 64.5426 34.693 3.931 4E-04 1326.15 800.0000 40.161 1.0629E-01

673.15 83.8407 37.006 4.4121E-04 1326.15 900.0000 42.154 2.0938E-01

693.15 32.1272 13.877 8.0970E-05 1326.15 950.0000 43.064 2.8441 E-01

693.15 33.5192 15.860 1.0197E-04 1326.15 950.0000 43.064 3.2108E-01

693.15 35.3620 18.503 1.3197E-04 1326.15 950.0000 43.064 3.2663E-01

693.15 36.9723 20.559 1.5597E-04 1327.15 600.0000 35.225 6.2146E-02

693.15 39.5247 23.129 1 .8898E-04 1327.15 900.0000 42.135 2.1406E-01

693.15 42.4728 25.231 2.2799E-04 1328.15 950.0000 43.026 2.371 2E-01

693.15 47.6931 27.754 2.8203E-04 1329.15 600.0000 35.182 4.9132E-02

693.15 57.9625 30.838 3.601 OE-04 1331.15 600.0000 35.140 6.531 1E-02

693.15 80.7927 34.693 4.7126E-04 1333.15 900.0000 42.020 1.4165E-01

713.15 36.4349 13.877 9.8968E-05 1334.15 800.0000 40.002 1.0769E-01

713.15 38.5050 15.860 1 .2297E-04 1334.15 800.0000 40.002 8.0924E-02

713.15 41 .3027 18.503 1 .5897E-04 1334.15 800.0000 40.002 8.7797E-02

713.15 43.7353 20.559 1 .8598E-04 1334.15 800.0000 40.002 1.0489E-01

713.15 47.4781 23.129 2.2499E-04 1334.15 800.0000 40.002 1.0028E-01

713.15 51.5615 25.231 2.7002E-04 1339.15 700.0000 37.617 8.3052E-02

713.15 58.3532 27.754 3.3007E-04 1341.15 600.0000 34.928 7.2176E-02

713.15 70.9060 30.838 4.201 8E-04 1342.15 500.0000 31.789 4.3973E-02

733.15 40.7098 13.877 1.1997E-04 1353.15 400.0000 27.802 3.2588E-02

733.15 43.4862 15.860 1 .4697E-04 1353.15 400.0000 27.802 3.1203E-02

733.15 47.2835 18.503 1 .8898E-04 1353.15 400.0000 27.802 3.0858E-02

733.15 50.5772 20.559 2.2499E-04 1353.15 400.0000 27.802 3.1548E-02

733.15 55.5495 23.129 2.7602E-04 1353.15 400.0000 27.802 3.5734E-02

733.15 60.7813 25.231 3.2407E-04 1354.15 400.0000 27.781 3.3981 E-02

733.15 69.1498 27.754 3.961 5E-04 1359.15 300.0000 22.991 2.4068E-02

733.15 83.9788 30.838 4.9530E-04 1382.15 200.0000 16.500 1.7801 E-02

753.15 44.9514 13.877 1 .4097E-04

753.15 48.4549 15.860 1 .7697E-04

753.15 53.2860 18.503 2.2499E-04

753.15 57.4668 20.559 2.7002E-04

A-6
Reference:

54

Morey, G.W., Foumier, R.O., and Rowe, J.J., 1962, The solubility of quartz In water in the

tennperature interval from 25 to 300 C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 26, p. 1029-1043

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in atm, Solubility in ppm

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

Reference:

55

Weill, D.F, and Fyfe, W.S., 1964, The solubility of quartz in H20 in the range 1000-4000 bars and 400-550 C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica

Acta, V. 28, p. 1243-1255

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in bar, Solubility in wt%

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

318.15

318.15

318.15

348.15

348.15

363.15

363.15

373.15

373.15

373.15

378.15

383.15

389.15

393.15

393.15

393.15

398.15

398.15

410.15

410.15

410.15

418.15

423.15

433.15

433.15

433.15

433.15

443.15

458.15

463.15

473.15

473.15

498.15

519.15

538.15

543.15

546.15

570.15

570.15

573.15

573.15

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

101.3250

57.185

57.185

57.185

56.346

56.346

55.864

55.864

55.522

55.522

55.522

55.346

55.165

54.943

54.792

54.792

54.792

54.600

54.600

54.125

54.125

54.125

53.797

53.588

53.159

53.159

53.159

53.159

52.716

52.028

51 .793

51.311

51.311

50.051

48.927

47.858

47.568

47.393

45.938

45.938

45.750

45.750

6.2966E-06

5.6969E-06

5.6969E-06

1 .0794E-05

1.1394E-05

1.7091E-05

1 .5892E-05

2.0689E-05

1.9790E-05

2.0390E-05

2.4288E-05

2.6987E-05

3.1785E-05

3.4184E-05

3.3584E-05

3.3284E-05

3.5983E-05

3.5983E-05

4.4080E-05

4.3180E-05

4.2880E-05

5.1877E-05

5.3077E-05

6.2374E-05

6.2974E-05

6.1475E-05

6.1175E-05

6.7773E-05

7.8871 E-05

8.6369E-05

9.8968E-05

9.8368E-05

1.3317E-04

1.6737E-04

2.0098E-04

2.1899E-04

2.3250E-04

2.6702E-04

2.6702E-04

2.7602E-04

2.7723E-04

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

673.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

723.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

773.15

823.15

823.15

823.15

823.15

823.15

823.15

898.15

898.15

898.15

898.15

898.15

898.15

100.0000

125.0000

125.0000

125.0000

125.0000

125.0000

125.0000

150.0000

175.0000

200.0000

225.0000

250.0000

275.0000

300.0000

325.0000

400.0000

100.0000

125.0000

150.0000

175.0000

200.0000

225.0000

250.0000

275.0000

300.0000

350.0000

400.0000

100.0000

150.0000

200.0000

250.0000

300.0000

350.0000

400.0000

100.0000

150.0000

200.0000

250.0000

300.0000

400.0000

100.0000

100.0000

100.0000

100.0000

100.0000

100.0000

38.464

40.255

40.255

40.255

40.255

40.255

40.255

41.701

42.925

43.992

44.942

45.800

46.586

47.312

47.987

49.780

34.091

36.548

38.416

39.936

41.227

42.353

43.355

44.261

45.089

46.562

47.850

29.324

34.971

38.380

40.865

42.841

44.492

45.917

24.676

31.497

35.514

38.368

40.595

43.997

19.182

19.182

19.182

19.182

19.182

19.182

5.1032E-04

5.2235E-04

5.4038E-04

5.5541 E-04

5.5241 E-04

5.6142E-04

4.201 8E-04

6.2456E-04

6.9675E-04

7.4488E-04

7.7497E-04

8.0506E-04

8.231 2E-04

8.291 4E-04

8.4419E-04

8.7129E-04

6.4862E-04

7.8099E-04

8.441 9E-04

9.4656E-04

9.9475E-04

1.0701 E-03

1.1303E-03

1.1906E-03

1 .2660E-03

1 .3626E-03

1 .4893 E-03

7.2081 E-04

1.1183E-03

1.3716E-03

1.5195E-03

1 .7099E-03

1 .8429E-03

2.0123E-03

7.8099E-04

1 .3475E-03

1.7129E-03

1.9760E-03

2.2303E-03

2.6519E-03

8.291 4E-04

8.231 2E-04

7.9904E-04

7.7497E-04

7.0577E-04

5.7044E-04

A-7
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

898.15 100.0000 19.182 8.0506E-04 973.15 985.0000 51.014 1.2212E-02

898.15 100.0000 19.182 8.0807E-04 1073.15 200.0000 23.687 4.0864E-03

1073.15 200.0000 23.687 4.1169E-03

Reference' Anderson, G.M. and Bumham, C.W., 1965, The

solubility of quartz in supercritical water: 1073.15 300.0000 30.461 7.0400E-03

56 American Journal of Science,

/. 263, p. 494-511 1073.15 400.0000 35.110 9.0629E-03

Units of original measurements: Temperature' in degrees C, 1073.15 400.0000 35.110 9.3758E-03

Pressure in kbar, Solubility in wt% 1073.15 500.0000 38.609 1.1294E-02

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 1073.15 600.0000 41 .399 1 .3836E-02

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 1073.15 600.0000 41.399 1 .3229E-02

773.15 100.0000 29.324 7.2081 E-04 1073.15 770.0000 45.134 1.6407E-02

773.15 150.0000 34.971 1 .0821 E-03 1173.15 200.0000 20.676 5.281 4E-03

773.15 150.0000 34.971 1.0821E-03 1173.15 200.0000 20.676 4.9744E-03

773.15 200.0000 38.380 1 .2329E-03 1173.15 200.0000 20.676 5.1893E-03

773.15 300.0000 42.841 1 .6857E-03 1173.15 210.0000 21.465 5.5582E-03

773.15 400.0000 45.917 1 .9881 E-03 1173.15 300.0000 27.354 9.8459E-03

773.15 500.0000 48.309 2.2606E-03 1173.15 305.0000 27.629 1.0254E-02

773.15 600.0000 50.287 2.4425E-03 1173.15 400.0000 32.137 1.3644E-02

773.15 600.0000 50.287 2.4728E-03 1173.15 510.0000 36.148 1 .9827E-02

773.15 750.0000 52.759 2.7764E-03 1173.15 520.0000 36.466 1 .7443E-02

773.15 830.0000 53.906 2.7460E-03 1173.15 550.0000 37.383 1 .8746E-02

773.15 860.0000 54.312 2.8979E-03 1173.15 560.0000 37.676 1 .5922E-02

873.15 100.0000 20.772 7.8099E-04 1173.15 590.0000 38.524 2.081 4E-02

873.15 150.0000 28.192 1.5648E-03 1173.15 730.0000 41 .943 2.9142E-02

873.15 150.0000 28.192 1 .5346E-03 1173.15 740.0000 42.159 2.591 5E-02

873.15 150.0000 28.192 1.4139E-03 1173.15 740.0000 42.159 2.3801 E-02

873.15 200.0000 32.714 2.1697E-03 1173.15 750.0000 42.372 2.7404E-02

873.15 300.0000 38.379 2.8979E-03 1173.15 830.0000 43.974 2.6692E-02

873.15

873.15

300.0000

400.0000

38.379

42.105

3.0499E-03

3.5065E-03 Reference: Semenova, A.I. andTsiklis, D.S., 1970,

Solubility of silicon dioxide in steam at high

873.15 400.0000 42.105 3.5675E-03 57 ipressures and temperatures: 1Russian Journal of 873.15 400.0000 42.105 3.4761 E-03 Physical Chemistry, v. 44, n. 10, p. 1420-1422 873.15 500.0000 44.909 4.1169E-03 Units of original Pressure in bar, measurements:

Solubility in wt%,

Temperature in degrees C,

Original data in araohical 873.15 500.0000 44.909 3.8115E-03 format

l? 873.15

873.15

600.0000

600.0000

47.176

47.176

4.4228E-03

4.6065E-03

Temperatur

(K)

e Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

873.15 620.0000 47.583 4.6678E-03

873.15 740.0000 49.785 5.281 4E-03

873.15 96.9767 20.168 8.8902E-05

873.15 745.0000 49.869 4.9130E-03

873.15 145.5385 27.683 3.4792E-04

973.15 150.0000 22.706 1 .9276E-03

873.15 165.3488 29.785 7.8361 E-04

973.15 150.0000 22.706 1 .9276E-03

873.15 170.7692 30.297 7.6180E-04

973.15 200.0000 27.676 2.6853E-03

873.15 173.2308 30.523 1.1328E-03

973.15 200.0000 27.676 3.0195E-03

873.15 192.9231 32.176 8.9267E-04

973.15 290.0000 33.650 4.4840E-03

873.15 196.0000 32.413 1 .2857E-03

973.15 300.0000 34.172 4.7904E-03

873.15 209.3023 33.384 1 .2480E-03

973.15 400.0000 38.463 5.0051 E-03

873.15 209.5385 33.400 1.6686E-03

973.15 485.0000 41.225 6.8233E-03

873.15 229.8461 34.731 1.5044E-03

973.15 500.0000 41.655 6.6686E-03

873.15 232.9231 34.919 2.0960E-03

973.15 605.0000 44.316 8.0647E-03

873.15 251.8605 36.012 1.7911 E-03

973.15 750.0000 47.273 9.751 8E-03

873.15 259.5349 36.425 1.7552E-03

973.15 800.0000 48.158 9.9401 E-03

873.15 260.2326 36.462 2.1319E-03

973.15 880,0000 49.465 1 .0947E-02

873.15 260.6154 36.482 2.2496E-03

873.15 268.0000 36.863 2.1618E-03

A-8
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

873.15 272.9231 37.111 2.041 2E-03 549.15 6.0382 42.036 1.5606E-04

873.15 300.0000 38.379 2.641 2E-03 549.15 6.0382 42.036 1.5861E-04

973.15 102.5581 16.070 5.9256E-06 550.15 6.1312 41.939 1.5597E-04

973.15 124.6154 19.416 1.0864E-05 550.15 6.1312 41.939 1.5588E-04

973.15 160.3077 23.877 6.6370E-04 575.15 8.8325 39.299 1.8205E-04

973.15 177.9070 25.687 1.7791E-03 578.15 9 2094 38.947 1.8217E-04

973.15 195.3846 27.284 1.9425E-03 578.15 9.2094 38.947 1.8157E-04

973.15 196.7442 27.400 2.1319E-03 594.15 1 1 .4345 36.891 1.9225E-04

973.15 223.0769 29.484 2.4473E-03 594.15 1 1 .4345 36.891 1 .8574E-04

973.15 238.6046 30.576 3.0014E-03 596.15 11.7396 36.609 2.0287E-04

973.15 250.7692 31.372 3.3502E-03 596.15 11.7396 36.609 1.8721 E-04

973.15 272.0930 32.660 3.4767E-03 596.15 11.7396 36.609 1.9123E-04

973.15 301.3954 34.243 3.7720E-03 597.15 11.8945 36.466 1.9951 E-04

1073.15 115.1163 14.750 5.9256E-06 599.15 12.2091 36.174 1.8931 E-04

1073.15 141.8461 17.958 5.2209E-04 599.15 12.2091 36.174 1 .8940E-04

1073.15 144.3077 18.236 7.0730E-04 602.15 12.6933 35.723 1 .9222E-04

1073.15 145.8140 18.405 1.0574E-03 602.15 12.6933 35.723 1.8661 E-04

1073.15 166.0465 20.550 1 .0871 E-03

1073.15 214.8837 24.900 2.3595E-03 Reference' ^^^^^y^ "J^' Montoya, J.W., Marinenko. J.W. and Luce, R.W., 1980, Equilibria in tiie system

1073.15 230.4615 26.079 3.681 5E-03 59 AI203-Si02-H20 and some general implications 1073.15 252.0000 27.575 4.1129E-03 for alteration/mineralization processes: 1073.15 253.2308 27.657 4.2569E-03 Economic Geology, v. 75, p. 210-228 1073.15 258.8372 28.021 3.7117E-03 Units of original measurements: Temperature! in degrees C, Pressure in kbar, Solubility in molality 1073.15 305.5814 30.763 4.9450E-03

1073.15 327.2093 31.879 5.6556E-03 Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

1173.15 172.3256 18.320 1.7970E-03

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

1173.15 186.2791 19.540 2.2636E-03 473.15 1.5550 47.996 8.451 OE-05

1173.15 216.2791 21 .945 3.5008E-03 473.15 100.0000 51.275 9.7031 E-05

1173.15 245.5814 24.034 4.8420E-03 473.15 200.0000 53.643 1.0639E-04

523.15 3.9760 44.345 1.3706E-04

Reference' Crerar, da. and Anderson, G.M., 1971, 523.15 100.0000 48.662 1.6862E-04

Solubility and solvation reactions of quartz in 58 dilute hydrothermal solutions: Chemical Geoloqy,

523.15 200.0000 51.476 1.9811 E-04

V. 8, p. 107-122 573.15 8.5880 39.530 2.0273E-04

Units of original measurements: Temperature! in degrees C, 573.15 100.0000 45.693 2.6724E-04

Solubility in ppm of SD2, all data points are at saturation 573.15 200.0000 49.136 3.2878E-04

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 623.15 16.5300 31.901 2.2746E-04

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 623.15 100.0000 42.316 3.9528E-04

452.15 0.9799 49.295 5.1278E-05 623.15 200.0000 46.636 5.2108E-04

452.15 0.9799 49.295 5.1877E-05 673.15 100.0000 38.464 5.4564E-04

453.15 1.0028 49.236 4.8878E-05 673.15 200.0000 43.992 7.3605E-04

454.15 1.0261 49.177 5.031 8E-05 723.15 100.0000 34.091 6.8692E-04

502.15 2.7462 45.986 1.2180E-04 723.15 200.0000 41.227 9.9291 E-04

543.15 5.5030 42.601 1.5537E-04 773.15 100.0000 29.324 8.451 OE-04

546.15 5.7659 42.321 1.6089E-04 773.15 200.0000 38.380 1.3706E-03

546.15 5.7659 42.321 1.5483E-04

546.15 5.7659 42.321 1.5738E-04

546.15 5.7659 42.321 1.5099E-04

547.15 5.8556 42.226 1.5438E-04

548.15 5.9464 42.131 1.5039E-04

549.15 6.0382 42.036 1.5546E-04

549.15 6.0382 42.036 1.5372E-04

A -9
Reference: Ragnarsdottir, K. V. and Walther, J. v., 1983. Temperature• Pressure Density Solubility

Pressure sensitive "silica geothermometer" (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

60 determined from (quartz solubility experiments at 773.15 750.0000 52.759 2.6488E-03

250 C: GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa V. 47, p. 941-946 773.15 1000.0000 56.060 3.0681 E-03

Units of original'measurements: Temperature1 in degrees C, 773.15 1000.0000 56.060 3.1046E-03

Pressure in bar; Salubrity in molality 773.15 1250.0000 58.730 3.2233E-03

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 773.15 1500.0000 60.994 3.881 7E-03

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 773.15 1750.0000 62.971 4.1261 E-03

523.15 25.0000 45.568 1.3539E-04 773.15 2000.0000 64.733 4.0742E-03

523.15 25.0000 45.568 1.3415E-04 773.15 2000.0000 64.733 4.1200E-03

523.15 25.0000 45.568 1 .3477E-04 873.15 500.0000 44.909 4.0894E-03

523.15 50.0000 46.761 1 .4845E-04 873.15 500.0000 44.909 3.8756E-03

523.15 50.0000 46.761 1 .4641 E-04 873.15 500.0000 44.909 4.8241 E-03

523.15 100.0000 48.662 1.6352E-04 873.15 750.0000 49.952 6.1713E-03

523.15 100.0000 48.662 1.6694E-04 873.15 1000.0000 53.582 6.0880E-03

873.15 1000.0000 53.582 6.4430E-03

Reference: Walther, J.V. and Orville, P.M. , 1983, The 873.15 1000.0000 53.582 7.6076E-03 •J 61

extraction-quench technique for determination of the thermodynamic properties of solute 873.15 1250.0000 56.470 7.3252E-03

complexes: application to quartz solubility in fluid 873.15 1250.0000 56.470 7.1392E-03

mixtures: American Mineralogist, v. 68, p. 731- 873.15 1500.0000 58.892 7.741 2E-03

741 873.15 1750.0000 60.991 8.1705E-03

Units of original'measurements: Temperaturet in degrees C, 873.15 2000.0000 62.851 8.7911 E-03

Pressure in bar; Solubility in molality 888.15 750.0000 49.541 6.8666E-03

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 888.15 1000.0000 53.221 8.2203E-03

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 888.15 1250.0000 56.140 8.3668E-03

623.15 100.0000 24.676 3.9762E-04 888.15 1500.0000 58.585 9.1129E-03

623.15 200.0000 46.636 5.5005E-04 888.15 1750.0000 60.702 9.1536E-03

673.15 100.0000 29.324 5.1572E-04 973.15 500.0000 41.655 7.691 5E-03

673.15 200.0000 43.992 7.3000E-04 973.15 700.0000 46.326 9.8962E-03

673.15 200.0000 43.992 7.2665E-04 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.1635E-02

673.15 200.0000 43.992 7.3506E-04 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.1433E-02

698.15 200.0000 42.623 8.6152E-04 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.1715E-02

723.15 200.0000 41.227 1.0476E-03 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.1724E-02

723.15 200.0000 41 .227 1.0097E-03 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.0723E-02

733.15 100.0000 33.159 7.1012E-04 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.2069E-02

748.15 200.0000 39.811 1.1302E-03 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.0336E-02

773.15 200.0000 38.380 1.2885E-03 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.1098E-02

773.15 200.0000 38.380 1.2505E-03 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.0846E-02

773.15 100.0000 38.464 7.3845E-04 973.15 880.0000 49.465 1.1778E-02

798.15 200.0000 36.945 1 .5066E-03 973.15 1200.0000 53.749 1 .3484E-02

798.15 200.0000 36.945 1 .4029E-03 973.15 1500.0000 56.894 1 .4954E-02

798.15 200.0000 36.945 1.4825E-03 973.15 1750.0000 59.110 1 .8678E-02

798.15 200.0000 36.945 1.4355E-03 1073.15 500.0000 38.609 1.1775E-02

823.15 200.0000 35.514 1.5847E-03 1073.15 500.0000 38.609 1.1854E-02

823.15 100.0000 42.316 7.9304E-04 1073.15 500.0000 38.609 1.1661 E-02

Reference: Manning, C.E., 1994, The solubility of quartz in H20 in the lower crust and upper mantle:

1073.15

1073.15

650.0000

750.0000

42.606

44.743

1.6248E-02

1.8100E-02

62 Geochimicaet Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, n. 22, 1073.15 750.0000 44.743 1 .8355E-02

p. 4831-4839 1073.15 1000.0000 48.991 2.1716E-02

Units of original measurements: Temperature

Pressure in kbar. Solubiitv in w1%

! in degrees C, 1173.15 800.0000 43.393 3.1193E-02

1173.15 800.0000 43.393 3.1072E-02

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 1173.15 900.0000 45.245 3.7047E-02

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

1173.15 1000.0000 46.891 4.1305E-02

773.15 500.0000 48.309 2.3546E-03

A- 10
Compound: Silica (Si02)

Reference: Heitmann, H.G., 1964, Solubility of silicic acicJ in water and steam and their influence on turbine 19 silication: Chemikef-Ztg./Chem. Apparatur, v. 88,

n. 22, p. 891-893

Temperature

(K)

647.15

648.15

652.15

Pressure

(MPa)

3.4323

4.9033

0.0490

Density

(mol/L)

0.675

0.988

0.009

Solubility

(mole fraction)

1.0134E-06

1.5891E-06

3.3581 E-08

Units of original measurements:

Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in i Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Temperature

mg/kg

Density

(mol/L)

in degrees C,

Solubility

(mole fraction)

662.15

672.15

673.15

673.15

0.2942

4.9033

0.5884

0.8826

0.054

0.942

0.106

0.160

9.1449E-08

2.0089E-06

1.8590E-07

3.4781 E-07

368.15 0.0294 0.010 3.5980E-09 673.15 1 .3729 0.250 5.2471 E-07

371.15 0.0490 0.016 4.4975E-09 673.15 1 .8633 0.341 7.2560E-07

393.15 0.0981 0.030 5.9967E-09 678.15 3.4323 0.637 1.3912E-06

396.15 0.0490 0.015 5.0972E-09 706.15 0.0981 0.017 8.4553E-08

420.15 0.2942 0.087 1.2293E-08 713.15 0.0490 0.008 5.6968E-08

423.15 0.0294 0.008 4.4975E-09 718.15 0.2942 0.049 1.5831 E-07

424.15 0.0490 0.014 5.3970E-09 722.15 0.8826 0.148 5.6968E-07

438.15 0.0981 0.027 7.1960E-09 722.15 1 .3729 0.232 8.7851 E-07

453.15 0.2942 0.080 1 .4692E-08 723.15 0.5884 0.098 3.0583E-07

473.15 0.0490 0.012 7.7957E-09 723.15 1.8633 0.316 1.3403E-06

473.15 0.8826 0.236 3.8978E-08 723.15 3.4323 0.591 2.1438E-06

476.15 0.5884 0.153 2.5486E-08 731.15 4.9033 0.847 3.7180E-06

478.15 0.0981 0.025 1.0194E-08 758.15 0.0981 0.016 1.3133E-07

488.15 1 .3729 0.363 8.0955E-08 772.15 0.5884 0.092 4.8873E-07

493.15 0.0294 0.007 7.7957E-09 773.15 1.8633 0.294 2.2488E-06

493.15 1.8633 0.502 1.2893E-07 773.15 3.4323 0.548 3.9578E-06

506.15 0.2942 0.071 2.0689E-08 774.15 1.3729 0.216 1.5112E-06

516.15 3.4323 0.948 3.5081 E-07 774.15 4.9033 0.792 5.7869E-06

521.15 0.8826 0.210 6.2965E-08 776.15 0.8826 0.138 9.1749E-07

523.15 1 .3729 0.332 1 .0494E-07 783.15 0.2942 0.045 3.1483E-07

523.15 1.8633 0.461 1.5591 E-07 799.15 4.9033 0.763 7.2561 E-06

525.15 0.0981 0.023 1.4992E-08 818.15 0.0981 0.014 1 .9849E-07

527.15 0.5884 0.137 3.7779E-08 823.15 0.5884 0.086 7.4359E-07

533.15 0.0490 0.011 1.1 993 E-08 823.15 0.8826 0.130 1.3553E-06

538.15 4.9033 1.364 7.4958E-07 823.15 1 .3729 0.202 2.3327E-06

553.15 3.4323 0.837 4.5275E-07 824.15 1.8633 0.275 3.5081 E-06

563.15 0.2942 0.063 3.7479E-08 824.15 3.4323 0.511 5.9368E-06

565.15 0.0981 0.021 2.1288E-08 853.15 0.2942 0.042 4.6774E-07

572.15 0.5884 0.126 5.6968E-08 860.15 0.0981 0.014 2.5636E-07

572.15 0.8826 0.190 1.1394E-07 870.15 1 .3729 0.191 3.0973E-06

573.15 0.0294 0.006 1 .4992E-08 870.15 4.9033 0.694 1.3103E-05

573.15 1 .3729 0.298 1.7690E-07 873.15 0.5884 0.081 9.6547E-07

573.15 1.8633 0.410 2.5186E-07 873.15 0.8826 0.122 1.8110E-06

591.15 0.0490 0.010 2.0689E-08 873.15 3.4323 0.480 8.6054E-06

603.15 0.2942 0.059 5.0972E-08 874.15 1.8633 0.259 5.2471 E-06

603.15 4.9033 1.098 1.1094E-06 911.15 1.8633 0.248 6.3566E-06

604.15 3.4323 0.737 6.7463E-07 913.15 3.4323 0.458 1.0614E-05

622.15 1.8633 0.373 4.4076E-07

623.15 0.5884 0.115 1.1094E-07

623.15 1.3729 0.272 3.2082E-07

626.15 0.0981 0.019 4.1377E-08

627.15 0.8826 0.172 2.2488E-07

638.15 0.0294 0.006 2.4886E-08

643.15 0.0981 0.018 5.0672E-08

A- 11
Compound: Sodium (Chloride (NaCI) Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

Reference: Spillner, F., 1940, High pressure steam as a

solvent: Die Chemische Fabrik, v. 13, n. 22, p. 723.15 8.6200 1.578 3.7222E-07

01 405-416 723.15 9.4800 1.755 5.3286E-07

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, 723.15 10.3400 1.936 7.6795E-07

Pressure In kgf/cm2, Solubility in mg/kg, Data set excluded 748.15 6.0600 1.030 9.5602E-08

from equation fit 748.15 7.0900 1.218 1.8493E-07

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 748.15 8.1300 1.412 3.3774E-07

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 773.15 6.2800 1.028 1.5672E-07

677.15 22.5553 6.828 1.2642E-04 773.15 6.8900 1.133 2.0531 E-07

678.15 14.7100 3.380 1.0173E-05 773.15 7.3600 1.216 2.5154E-07

679.15 12.2583 2.652 5.5487E-06 773.15 7.7600 1.286 2.6800E-07

679.15 22.0650 6.418 1.1717E-04 773.15 8.4400 1.408 3.3931 E-07

680.15 7.3550 1.446 2.4661 E-06 773.15 8.6200 1.440 3.7849E-07

680.15 9.8066 2.014 3.0826E-06 773.15 9.4800 1.596 5.8458E-07

680.15 9.8066 2.014 2.1578E-06 773.15 10.3400 1.755 7.3269E-07

680.15 26.9683 10.296 3.8257E-04 798.15 6.5000 1.025 1 .9355E-07

681.15 16.6713 3.984 1 .7571 E-05 798.15 7.6200 1.212 2.2882E-07

681.15 19.6133 5.124 4.3160E-05 798.15 8.7500 1.404 3.4088E-07

681.15 24.5166 7.879 1 .7578E-04 823.15 6.7200 1.024 2.1315E-07

823.15 6.8900 1.051 2.2647E-07

Reference: Galobardes, J.F., van Hare, D.R. and Rogers,

LB., 1981, Solubility of sodium chloride in dry

823.15 7.7600 1.190 3.3696E-07

02 steam: Journal of Chemical and Engineering 823.15 7.8900 1.211 3.3852E-07

Data, V. 26, p. 363-366 823.15 8.6200 1.330 4.2237E-07

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, 823.15 10.3400 1.614 8.7296E-07

Pressure in MPa, Solubility in ppb of Na

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility Reference: Alekhin, Yu.V. and Vakulenko A.G., 1988, (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 04

Thermodynamic parameters and solubility oT NaCI in water vapor at 300-500 C up to 300 bar.: 673.15 5.3900 1.041 6.4257E-08 Geochemistry International, v. 25, n. 5, p. 97-110 673.15 6.2900 1.233 1 .2224E-07 Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, 673.15 6.8900 1.365 1.6143E-07 Pressure in bar, from equation fh

Solubility in mole fraction, Data set excluded 673.15 7.2000 1.434 2.0531 E-07

673.15 7.7600 1.561 2.2803E-07 Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

673.15 8.6200 1.762 3.2990E-07

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

673.15 9.4800 1.970 4.8898E-07 583.15 3.5740 0.809 1 .3760E-06

673.15 10.3400 2.186 7.2093E-07 583.15 4.7660 1.122 3.3800E-06

698.15 5.6100 1.036 8.7766E-08 583.15 6.1550 1.527 7.0800E-06

698.15 6.5600 1.227 1 .5046E-07 583.15 6.7200 1.708 9.9080E-06

698.15 7.5200 1.427 1 .9277E-07 603.15 2.6290 0.555 1.1350E-06

723.15 1 .3800 0.233 8.6198E-10 603.15 4.9980 1.122 3.9700E-06

723.15 1.8100 0.307 9.4035E-10 603.15 6.4950 1.527 8.0000E-06

723.15 2.2400 0.381 3.6047E-09 603.15 7.7240 1.897 1.5700E-05

723.15 2.6700 0.456 5.0152E-09 603.15 8.6800 2.215 2.3660E-05

723.15 3.1000 0.532 7.8362E-09 623.15 3.8550 0.802 3.2600E-06

723.15 3.4500 0.595 1.4105E-08 623.15 5.1850 1.113 4.7400E-06

723.15 4.3100 0.750 2.821 OE-08 623.15 6.7750 1.514 9.0800E-06

723.15 5.1700 0.908 5.4854E-08 623.15 8.1000 1.881 1.8150E-05

723.15 5.8400 1.034 9.0900E-08 623.15 10.6100 2.686 3.8550E-05

723.15 6.0300 1.070 8.7766E-08 623.15 10.6500 2.700 3.8900E-05

723.15 6.8200 1.221 1 .9042E-07 673.15 2.9530 0.549 5.5400E-06

723.15 6.8900 1.235 1 .5672E-07 673.15 4.2250 0.801 7.2000E-06

723.15 7.7600 1.406 2.1550E-07 673.15 5.7220 1.111 9.7200E-06

723.15 7.8200 1.417 2.5233E-07 673.15 7.5450 1.512 1.4250E-05

673.15 9.1050 1.878 2.431 OE-05

A- 12
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

673.15 12.1860 2.682 6.0000E-05 723.15 10.0000 1.864 2.0654E-05

673.15 15.5000 3.711 1.2300E-04 723.15 15.0000 3.004 3.3603E-05

673.15 17.2600 4.358 1.7300E-04 723.15 20.0000 4.363 4.1310E-05

723.15 3.1920 0.549 1.0770E-05 723.15 25.0000 6.049 4.5935E-05

723.15 4.5850 0.800 1 .2740E-05 723.15 25.9000 6.399 4.8402E-05

723.15 6.2390 1.110 1.6150E-05 773.15 5.0000 0.809 6.781 7E-06

723.15 8.2810 1.510 2.1230E-05 773.15 10.0000 1.692 2.7745E-05

723.15 13.6500 2.678 8.3080E-05 773.15 15.0000 2.665 4.3160E-05

723.15 17.6900 3.703 1.8500E-04 773.15 20.0000 3.752 5.5493E-05

723.15 21.7700 4.916 3.4520E-04 773.15 25.0000 4.982 6.4435E-05

723.15 25.1000 6.087 5.0700E-04 773.15 30.0000 6.387 7.2144E-05

773.15 3.4280 0.548 2.0300E-05 773.15 33.0000 7.331 7.4919E-05

773.15 4.9390 0.799 2.3600E-05 823.15 5.0000 0.753 1.1098E-05

773.15 8.9940 1.508 3.8770E-05 823.15 10.0000 1.557 3.3603E-05

773.15 10.9700 1.873 4.8190E-05 823.15 15.0000 2.419 5.0560E-05

773.15 15.0400 2.673 1 .2250E-04 823.15 20.0000 3.350 6.2585E-05

773.15 19.7600 3.697 2.5020E-04 823.15 25.0000 4.358 7.3994E-05

773.15 24.7400 4.914 5.0350E-04 823.15 30.0000 5.455 8.5095E-05

773.15 32.3800 7.129 1.0450E-03 823.15 35.0000 6.649 9.6814E-05

823.15 37.9000 7.389 1.0576E-04

Reference: Armellini, F.J. and Tester, J.W

of sodium chloride and sulfate

., 1993, Solubility

in sub- and 873.15 5.0000 0.705 1.9729E-05

05 supercritical water vapor from 450 - 550 C and 873.15 10.0000 1.446 3.8227E-05

100 - 250 bar: Fluid Ptiase Equilibria, v. 84, p. 873.15 15.0000 2.227 5.6726E-05

123-142 873.15 20.0000 3.052 6.9369E-05

Units of original Pressure in bar measurements:

Solubility in ppm

Temperature in degrees C, 873.15 25.0000 3.926 7.8928E-05

873.15 30.0000 4.850 9.0338E-05

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 873.15 35.0000 5.829 1.0298E-04

(K) (MFa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

873.15 38.0000 6.442 1.1624E-04

723.15 10.0000 1.864 4.6239E-07 873.15 39.2000 6.693 1.2765E-04

723.15 15.0000 3.004 3.8532E-06 898.15 5.0000 0.684 2.8361 E-05

723.15 20.0000 4.363 1.9606E-05 898.15 10.0000 1.398 4.4702E-05

773.15 10.0000 1.692 2.7743E-07 898.15 15.0000 2.145 6.1660E-05

773.15 15.0000 2.665 4.2232E-06 898.15 20.0000 2.929 7.8619E-05

773.15 20.0000 3.752 9.6795E-06 898.15 25.0000 3.751 9.8356E-05

773.15 25.0000 4.982 3.1136E-05 898.15 30.0000 4.614 1.1779E-04

823.15 10.0000 1.557 2.7743E-07 898.15 35.0000 5.519 1.4554E-04

823.15 20.0000 3.350 1.0419E-05 898.15 37. 3000 6.063 2.2946E-04

823.15 25.0000 4.358 3.021 1E-05 923.15 2. )000 0.262 2.3120E-05

Reference: Sourirajan, S. anc Kennedy, G.C , 1962, The 923.15 5. DOOO 0.664 3.4527E-05

system H20-NaCI at elevated temperatures and 923.15 10.0000 1.353 5.4876E-05

06 pressures: American Journal of Science, v. 260, 923.15 15.0000 2.071 8.01 61 E-05

p. 115-141 923.15 20.0000 2.818 1.1593E-04

Units of original Pressure in bar measurements:

Solubility in wt%

Temperature in degrees C, Data set excluded from 923.15 25.t)000 3.597 1.6251E-04

equation fit 923.15 30.0000 4.409 2.1959E-04

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 923.15 35.6000 5.357 4.9376E-04

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 948.15 2.0000 0.255 3.7919E-05

623.15 10.0000 2.474 6.1652E-06

948.15 5.0000 0.645 6.5668E-05

623.15 11.4000 2.981 8.0148E-06

948.15 10.0000 1.312 1.0853E-04

673.15 10.0000 2.100 1.2947E-05

948.15 15.0000 2.003 1.6961E-04

673.15 15.0000 3.542 2.1271E-05

948.15 20.0000 2.718 2.5322E-04

673.15 18.2000 4.743 2.4662E-05

948.15 25. 0000 3.460 3.7022E-04

A- 13
Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Density

(molA^)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

948.15 30.0000 4.228 6.631 2E-04 694.86 15.4014 3.387 5.0376E-06

948.15 32.6000 4.638 1.1791E-03 696.07 15.4014 3.373 5.8256E-06

973.15 2.0000 0.249 8.0161E-05 696.82 15.4014 3.364 5.0939E-06

973.15 5.0000 0.627 1.6374E-04 696.82 18.2385 4.245 1.3143E-05

973.15 10.0000 1.273 3.1032E-04 697.57 18.2385 4.232 1.5066E-05

973.15 15.0000 1.939 5.4165E-04 699.23 18.2385 4.203 1.3106E-05

973.15 20.0000 2.627 9.2793E-04 701 .49 14.1855 2.981 3.461 6E-06

973.15 25.2000 3.364 1 .5733E-03 703.45 14.1855 2.963 3.7805E-06

973.15 28.7000 3.874 2.921 6E-03 703.60 14.1855 2.962 3.3302E-06

998.15 2.0000 0.242 2.7946E-04 720.79 18.2385 3.884 9.1372E-06

998.15 5.0000 0.610 6.3344E-04 720.94 14.1855 2.822 2.861 2E-06

998.15 10.0000 1.237 1.4253E-03 721 .69 18.2385 3.873 8.8745E-06

998.15 15.0000 1.881 2.7945E-03 723.20 3.0398 0.522 5.9100E-07

998.15 20.0000 2.542 5.6929E-03 723.80 18.2385 3.846 8.9965E-06

1023.15 2.0000 0.236 3.9872E-03 724.26 14.1855 2.797 2.7674E-06

1023.15 5.0000 0.595 6.7435E-03 724.41 15.4014 3.093 4.0057E-06

1023.15 7.5000 0.897 1.0107E-02 724.86 18.2385 3.833 9.0809E-06

1023.15 10.0000 1.203 1.4403E-02 725.16 10.1325 1.884 9.8500E-07

1023.15 13.0000 1.575 2.2727E-02 725.31 3.0398 0.520 6.5666E-07

Reference:

07

Olander, A. and Liander, H., 1950, The phase

diagram of sodium chloride and steam above the

critical point: Acta Chemica Scandinaviga, v. 4,

p. 1437-1445

725.91

726.07

726.22

726.67

14.1855

18.2385

3.0398

15.4014

2.786

3.818

0.519

3.074

2.9925E-06

8.9777E-06

4.1276E-07

4.0244E-06

Units of original measurements: Temperature Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in wt%

Temperature Pressure Density

(K) (MPa) (mol/L)

in degrees C,

Solubility

(mole fraction)

745.21

746.42

747.02

748.68

18.2385

14.1855

18.2385

14.1855

3.606

2.650

3.588

2.636

7.5142E-06

2.5235E-06

7.551 8E-06

2.5141E-06

653.15 15.2003 3.966 1.8496E-05 766.32 14.1855 2.535 2.551 6E-06

663.15 16.5732 4.310 2.4662E-05 766.77 18.2385 3.407 7.2140E-06

673.15 17.9462 4.636 3.0828E-05 768.73 18.2385 3.391 7.2328E-06

683.15 19.4172 4.984 4.0077E-05 769.33 3.0398 0.487 4.4090E-07

693.15 20.8882 5.311 4.9327E-05 769.48 14.1855 2.519 2.551 6E-06

703.15 22.2611 5.576 6.1660E-05 770.54 18.2385 3.376 7.251 6E-06

713.15 23.8302 5.901 8.0161 E-05 771 .44 10.1325 1.722 1 .2946E-06

723.15 25.3012 6.164 1.0175E-04 771.74 18.2385 3.366 6.9983E-06

733.15 26.7722 6.409 1.2025E-04 772.04 3.0398 0.485 9.5685E-07

748.15 29.1258 6.794 1 .5727E-04 772.35 14.1855 2.504 2.8331 E-06

Reference:

08

Styrikovich, M.A., Khaibullin, I.Kh. and

Tschvirashvili, D.G., 1955, Solubility of salts in high pressure steam: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,

V. 100, p. 1123-1126

772.35

773.25

791.19

791.19

18.2385

14.1855

14.1855

18.2385

3.361

2.499

2.411

3.219

7.0921 E-06

2.7299E-06

2.8893E-06

7.1296E-06

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in atm, Solubility in mg/kg, Original data in graphical

817.57

818.93

18.2385

3.0398

3.047

0.455

7.6362E-06

2.2420E-06

lUlnlai Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

673.15 3.0398

673.30 10.1325

673.45 14.1855

673.60 14.1855

674.81 3.0398

674.96 3.0398

Density

(mol/L)

0.566

2.132

3.274

3.272

0.565

0.565

Solubility

(mole fraction)

1.3133E-07

1 .4447E-06

6.0226E-06

5.5536E-06

3.0957E-07

3.9400E-07

820.29

820.44

820.44

820.74

821.19

821 .49 822.85

823.00

18.2385

10.1325

14.1855

10.1325

14.1855

18.2385

3.0398

18.2385

3.030

1.586

2.285

1.585

2.282

3.023

0.453

3.014

7.6174E-06

1.8011 E-06

3.9869E-06

2.7768E-06

3.8181 E-06

7.5049E-06

1.8199E-06

7.5518E-06

A- 14
Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(moI/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

823.15

824.05

824.36

824.36

824.51

826.01

826.01

18.2385

10.1325

10.1325

10.1325

14.1855

3.0398

3.0398

3.014

1.577

1.576

1.576

2.269

0.451

0.451

7.6831 E-06

2.3452E-06

2.0169E-06

2.5329E-06

3.8274E-06

2.5235E-06

2.3734E-06

Reference' Aleinikov, G.I., et. al., 1956, Solubility of sodium

chloride in a superheated vapor . . .

:

09 Teploenergetika, v. 3, n. 12, p. 10-14

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in mg/l<g, Original data in graphical format Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

686.12

687.18

687.25

690.48

691 .40 692.31

692.45

692.87

694.28

694.35

695.48

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

10.7873

2.221

2.215

2.215

2.196

2.191

2.186

2.185

2.183

2.175

2.175

2.168

1.1929E-06

9.0788E-07

1.1718E-06

1.2563E-06

8.2343E-07

9.0788E-07

1.2351 E-06

8.9732E-07

9.501 1E-07

8.5510E-07

9.0788E-07

Reference' Styrikovich, M.A., 1957, Solubility of salts in steam of supercritical characteristics; 10 Teploenergetika, v. 4, n. 2, p. 3-7

633.15 10.7873 2.635 2.5653E-06 Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in mg/kg, Original data in 639.20 10.7873 2.573 2.6498E-06 graphical format 641.31 10.7873 2.553 2.871 4E-06 Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

642.23 10.7873 2.544 2.4808E-06 (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

644.19 10.7873 2.526 2.1958E-06 661 .47 21 .5746 7.314 6.3524E-05

644.19 10.7873 2.526 1 .7524E-06 673.95 23.5360 7.770 8.4442E-05

648.27 10.7873 2.490 2.0691 E-06 693.29 21 .5746 5.596 3.4444E-05

649.40 10.7873 2.480 2.4175E-06 694.01 21 .5746 5.573 3.6233E-05

650.46 10.7873 2.471 1 .4991 E-06 694.55 23.5360 6.459 5.9162E-05

650.46 10.7873 2.471 2.0163E-06 695.46 25.4973 7.472 9.9544E-05

653.48 10.7873 2.446 1.6469E-06 697.45 23.5360 6.334 5.6142E-05

653.48 10.7873 2.446 1.5307E-06 699.25 27.4586 8.419 1.7138E-04

653.55 10.7873 2.446 1 .7947E-06 701.24 25.4973 7.139 8.4106E-05

655.52 10.7873 2.430 1 .8580E-06 702.14 17.6520 3.969 1 .2524E-05

655.52 10.7873 2.430 1 .3935E-06 703.41 25.4973 7.027 8.4330E-05

655.59 10.7873 2.429 1 .4991 E-06 707.93 17.6520 3.886 1.0959E-05

659.46 10.7873 2.399 1.3618E-06 714.44 25.4973 6.546 5.4688E-05

659.53 10.7873 2.399 1.7208E-06 721.67 19.1230 4.126 1.3755E-05

660.65 10.7873 2.390 1 .4252E-06 722.57 23.5360 5.528 3.6345E-05

661 .64 10.7873 2.383 1.5096E-06 724.02 19.1230 4.093 1.3755E-05

662.55 10.7873 2.376 1.3196E-06 726.01 19.1230 4.066 1.4873E-05

662.70 10.7873 2.375 1.6363E-06 726.19 19.1230 4.063 1.1742E-05

663.61 10.7873 2.368 1.3513E-06 726.91 25.4973 6.124 5.6142E-05

663.68 10.7873 2.368 1 .4674E-06 728.36 23.5360 5.388 3.4108E-05

664.66 10.7873 2.361 1.3407E-06 730.52 25.4973 6.018 5.1220E-05

664.74 10.7873 2.360 1 .4991 E-06 731.97 23.5360 5.307 2.9970E-05

665.65 10.7873 2.354 1.3724E-06 731.97 27.4586 6.711 8.6679E-05

665.79 10.7873 2.353 1 .4674E-06 734.86 21.5746 4.643 1.8563E-05

666.71 10.7873 2.346 1.6257E-06 747.52 23.5360 5.001 2.5497E-05

668.89 10.7873 2.331 1.1296E-06 750.23 27.4586 6.161 5.7148E-05

671 .84 10.7873 2.311 1 .5096E-06 750.41 29.4200 6.827 7.7394E-05

674.94 10.7873 2.291 1 .2035E-06 753.84 27.4586 6.070 5.2786E-05

675.92 10.7873 2.284 1.0346E-06 754.02 29.4200 6.716 7.7394E-05

678.95 10.7873 2.265 1 .0557E-06 757.28 25.4973 5.394 3.6010E-05

680.00 10.7873 2.258 9.9234E-07 759.63 21.5746 4.284 1.5656E-05

681 .06 10.7873 2.252 1.1718E-06 765.59 21.5746 4.210 1.5208E-05

A- 15
Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(molA^)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

773.55 17.6520 3.223 7.1567E-06 637.15 9.9047 2.317 8.631 2E-07

774.27 23.5360 4.590 2.1695E-05 637.15 10.1008 2.377 8.9395E-07

780.05 27.4586 5.520 4.7753E-05 637.15 10.4931 2.499 7.0899E-07

780.78 29.4200 6.046 6.5537E-05 637.15 10.7873 2.593 1.4180E-06

783.13 21 .5746 4.015 1.5208E-05 637.15 10.9834 2.658 9.8642E-07

783.13 27.4586 5.465 4.2497E-05 637.15 1 1 .3757 2.789 9.2477E-07

784.94 29.4200 5.961 6.1063E-05 637.15 11.5719 2.856 2.0653E-06

786.02 19.1230 3.444 1.1183E-05 646.15 6.0801 1.260 4.7472E-07

787.47 21 .5746 3.971 1 .4537E-05 646.15 7.5511 1.617 2.9593E-07

787.47 29.4200 5.910 6.4531 E-05 646.15 7.6492 1.641 4.0690E-07

788.37 27.4586 5.377 4.5404E-05 646.15 8.5318 1.869 5.1171E-07

788.91 25.4973 4.876 3.0977E-05 646.15 9.0221 2.001 5.1171E-07

791.08 25.4973 4.847 2.9635E-05 646.15 9.4144 2.109 4.6855E-07

794.15 23.5360 4.346 2.2589E-05 646.15 9.5124 2.136 7.7064E-07

798.67 23.5360 4.297 2.2589E-05 646.15 10.0028 2.276 7.3982E-07

800.48 19.1230 3.334 1.1183E-05 646.15 10.2970 2.362 6.1651E-07

805.90 23.5360 4.220 2.2701 E-05 646.15 10.3950 2.391 1.1097E-06

807.71 25.4973 4.636 2.7174E-05 646.15 10.9834 2.569 1 .4796E-06

808.62 23.5360 4.193 2.2701 E-05 646.15 1 1 .2777 2.660 1.1406E-06

810.42 17.6520 2.977 7.3804E-06 646.15 11.7680 2.818 1.5721E-06

815.12 21 .5746 3.722 1 .7333E-05 646.15 11.8661 2.850 1.9112E-06

820.91 29.4200 5.355 5.0773E-05 646.15 1 1 .9641 2.883 2.2503E-06

822.90 29.4200 5.327 5.0773E-05 646.15 12.5525 3.083 2.7743E-06

826.87 27.4586 4.841 3.6793E-05 646.15 12.5525 3.083 2.0962E-06

827.96 25.4973 4.414 2.5497E-05 646.15 12.7487 3.152 2.4969E-06

829.22 27.4586 4.814 3.6793E-05 646.15 13.3370 3.365 4.3156E-06

830.13 25.4973 4.392 2.7845E-05 646.15 13.3370 3.365 3.051 8E-06

834.47 19.1230 3.112 1.1406E-05 675.15 3.5304 0.660 4.0073E-07

834.83 21 .5746 3.571 1.6774E-05 675.15 4.7072 0.896 2.1578E-07

836.63 23.5360 3.937 2.3484E-05 675.15 5.8840 1.141 3.6991 E-07

839.35 17.6520 2.818 7.9395E-06 675.15 6.9627 1.375 3.0826E-07

843.14 27.4586 4.660 4.081 9E-05 675.15 8.0414 1.618 5.5486E-07

843.87 21 .5746 3.508 1.8004E-05 675.15 8.6298 1.755 4.9321 E-07

843.87 29.4200 5.056 5.3457E-05 675.15 8.7279 1.779 3.6991 E-07

845.67 27.4586 4.634 4.0931 E-05 675.15 9.6105 1.992 4.6239E-07

847.30 23.5360 3.852 2.471 4E-05 675.15 9.6105 1.992 5.8569E-07

848.38 19.1230 3.033 1 .4202E-05 675.15 10.1008 2.114 1 .2947E-06

848.57 29.4200 5.001 5.3793E-05 675.15 10.1989 2.138 9.2477E-07

852.36 25.4973 4.185 3.1760E-05 675.15 10.2970 2.163 7.0899E-07

Reference:

11

Sastry, V., 1957, Die Loslichkeit von Salzen in Hochgespanntem Wasserdampf und die Klarung der Frage der Turbinenversalzung:

Doctoral Dissertation - Technische Hochschule

675.15

675.15

675.15

675.15

10.4931

10.8854

11.0815

11.0815

2.213

2.315

2.366

2.366

5.5486E-07

9.5560E-07

9.2477E-07

7.3982E-07

Karlsruhe

Units of original measurements

:

Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

637.15 8.2376

637.15 8.9240

637.15 9.3163

637.15 9.7086

Temperature

mg/kg

Density

(mol/L)

1.839

2.029

2.142

2.258

' in degrees C,

Solubility

(mole fraction)

4.2848E-07

6.1651E-07

7.7064E-07

1.1097E-06

675.15

675.15

675.15

675.15

675.15

675.15

675.15

675.15

11.2777

11.7680

12.0622

12.1603

12.2583

12.3564

12.6506

12.9448

2.418

2.550

2.631

2.658

2.685

2.713

2.796

2.881

1 .2947E-06

1.1714E-06

1.1097E-06

1 .8495E-06

2.1578E-06

1 .8495E-06

1.3872E-06

1.5413E-06

A- 16
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

675.15 13.1409 2.938 1.9112E-06 759.15 16.0829 2.984 4.4081 E-06

675.15 13.2390 2.967 2.4661 E-06 759.15 16.2790 3.027 5.0863E-06

675.15 13.4351 3.025 2.1578E-06 759.15 16.9655 3.181 5.3329E-06

675.15 13.4351 3.025 3.0826E-06 759.15 17.1616 3.225 5.7336E-06

675.15 13.7293 3.113 4.1615E-06 759.15 17.2597 3.248 5.1479E-06

675.15 13.9254 3.173 2.1578E-06 759.15 17.9462 3.405 6.6893E-06

675.15 14.1216 3.234 3.0826E-06 759.15 18.1423 3.451 6.8434E-06

675.15 14.2196 3.264 2.8360E-06 759.15 18.4365 3.520 6.4118E-06

675.15 14.6119 3.388 2.9593E-06 759.15 18.6326 3.566 8.0148E-06

675.15 14.6119 3.388 4.6239E-06 759.15 19.1230 3.682 1.0913E-05

675.15 15.1022 3.547 4.3156E-06 759.15 19.2210 3.706 8.9088E-06

675.15 15.1022 3.547 4.2540E-06 759.15 19.6133 3.801 7.5524E-06

675.15 15.2003 3.580 5.7336E-06 759.15 19.6133 3.801 1.0173E-05

675.15 15.3964 3.645 4.9630E-06 759.15 20.2017 3.944 1.2331E-05

675.15 15.5926 3.712 4.0074E-06 759.15 20.2998 3.969 1.3286E-05

675.15 15.5926 3.712 7.3366E-06 759.15 20.4959 4.017 1.4797E-05

675.15 15.7887 3.779 6.781 7E-06 759.15 20.7901 4.091 1.1252E-05

675.15 15.7887 3.779 7.3983E-06 759.15 21.3785 4.240 1.5413E-05

675.15 15.8868 3.813 5.8570E-06 759.15 21 .4766 4.265 1.9976E-05

675.15 15.8868 3.813 6.01 11 E-06 759.15 21 .9669 4.391 1.3872E-05

675.15 16.1810 3.916 1.0573E-05 759.15 21.9669 4.391 2.2658E-05

675.15 16.1810 3.916 8.6314E-06 759.15 22.4572 4.519 2.3722E-05

675.15 16.2790 3.951 5.5487E-06 759.15 22.6534 4.571 2.0038E-05

675.15 16.3771 3.986 6.1652E-06 759.15 23.0456 4.676 1 .8959E-05

675.15 16.4752 4.022 9.1862E-06 759.15 23.1437 4.702 2.7806E-05

675.15 16.5732 4.057 8.9396E-06 759.15 23.6340 4.835 3.5144E-05

675.15 16.6713 4.093 1.3718E-05 759.15 23.8302 4.888 2.5278E-05

675.15 16.7694 4.130 8.3231 E-06 759.15 24.2224 4.997 2.2812E-05

675.15 16.7694 4.130 1 .4489E-05 759.15 24.5166 5.079 3.8566E-05

675.15 16.8674 4.166 1.3564E-05 759.15 24.9089 5.189 3.6069E-05

675.15 17.1616 4.277 1.1406E-05 759.15 25.1050 5.245 3.6840E-05

675.15 17.2597 4.315 8.0148E-06 759.15 25.3012 5.302 3.5761 E-05

759.15 8.0414 1.369 3.8532E-07 759.15 26.0857 5.530 5.6649E-05

759.15 8.0414 1.369 4.0073E-07 759.15 26.3799 5.617 4.8247E-05

759.15 8.8260 1.514 7.0899E-07 820.15 6.4724 0.989 4.4697E-07

759.15 9.3163 1.606 6.781 7E-07 820.15 6.8647 1.051 3.3600E-07

759.15 9.3163 1.606 6.1651E-07 820.15 7.5511 1.162 2.7743E-07

759.15 9.5124 1.643 3.3908E-07 820.15 8.1395 1.257 3.2367E-07

759.15 10.1989 1.774 8.3229E-07 820.15 9.0221 1.402 4.0073E-07

759.15 10.3950 1.811 1.1714E-06 820.15 10.0028 1.565 8.631 2E-07

759.15 1 1 .4738 2.022 1 .3872E-06 820.15 10.4931 1.647 7.0899E-07

759.15 12.6506 2.258 1.7571 E-06 820.15 10.5912 1.663 8.0147E-07

759.15 12.9448 2.318 1.9420E-06 820.15 1 1 .4738 1.813 1.0172E-06

759.15 13.7293 2.479 2.1270E-06 820.15 1 1 .9641 1.897 1.7879E-06

759.15 14.0235 2.541 2.9285E-06 820.15 12.0622 1.914 1.6646E-06

759.15 14.0235 2.541 2.9901 E-06 820.15 12.4545 1.982 1.4796E-06

759.15 14.3177 2.603 2.681 8E-06 820.15 12.8467 2.050 1.5105E-06

759.15 14.9061 2.728 3.7608E-06 820.15 13.4351 2.153 2.9593E-06

759.15 15.1022 2.770 3.0826E-06 820.15 13.6312 2.188 1.8804E-06

759.15 15.3964 2.834 4.0999E-06 820.15 14.2196 2.292 2.4661 E-06

759.15 15.7887 2.919 3.9457E-06 820.15 14.4158 2.327 2.4352E-06

A- 17
Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

820.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

867.15

14.5138

15.3964

15.5926

15.6906

15.8868

16.6713

16.7694

16.9655

17.1616

17.7500

18.3384

18.5346

18.8288

18.8288

19.6133

19.9075

20.0056

20.7901

21 .0843

21 .7708

22.3592

22.4572

23.4379

23.6340

25.1050

26.2818

9.1202

10.1008

12.5525

13.4351

13.7293

14.6119

15.7887

15.8868

16.8674

17.0636

18.1423

18.2404

19.4172

19.4172

20.4959

20.4959

21.7708

21 .8688

23.1437

23.4379

24.5166

25.0070

2.345

2.504

2.540

2.557

2.593

2.737

2.756

2.792

2.829

2.939

3.050

3.088

3.144

3.144

3.295

3.352

3.371

3.526

3.584

3.721

3.840

3.860

4.061

4.102

4.411

4.665

1.324

1.474

1.856

1.996

2.043

2.185

2.377

2.393

2.555

2.587

2.768

2.784

2.984

2.984

3.170

3.170

3.392

3.409

3.636

3.688

3.883

3.972

2.4969E-06

2.2503E-06

3.2367E-06

2.8976E-06

3.3600E-06

4.3156E-06

4.6856E-06

4.1923E-06

4.7472E-06

5.641 2E-06

6.1652E-06

5.0246E-06

5.8261 E-06

6.2577E-06

8.3847E-06

7.3366E-06

9.4945E-06

1.0974E-05

1.0789E-05

9.9261 E-06

1.3101E-05

1.5937E-05

1.5968E-05

1.5937E-05

2.0500E-05

2.3891 E-05

6.4734E-07

7.0899E-07

1 .7571 E-06

1 .9420E-06

2.0345E-06

2.2195E-06

2.4352E-06

3.1442E-06

3.9149E-06

3.7608E-06

4.8089E-06

5.1479E-06

6.4735E-06

6.5351 E-06

8.0765E-06

7.6141 E-06

8.8163E-06

1.0851 E-05

1.1930E-05

1.2146E-05

1.7109E-05

1 .8804E-05

Reference: Maf^tynova, O.l. and Samoilov, Yu.F., 1962, The

formation of solutions of inorganic substances in 12 water vapour: Russian Journal of Inorganic

Chemistry, v. 7, n, 4, p. 372-375

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in atm, Solubility in mg/kg

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (molA^) (mole fraction)

610.15 10.1325 2.671 7.4598E-07

722.15 14.1855 2.813 3.3292E-06

725.15 14.1855 2.791 3.6683E-06

771.15 14.1855 2.510 3.2059E-06

771.15 14.1855 2.510 3.5142E-06

772.15 7.3967 1.224 6.7200E-07

773.15 14.1855 2.500 3.0826E-06

773.15 18.2385 3.355 6.7509E-06

773.15 18.2385 3.355 7.0900E-06

773.15 18.2385 3.355 6.7509E-06

773.15 18.2385 3.355 6.9975E-06

773.15 18.2385 3.355 6.7509E-06

773.15 18.2385 3.355 6.781 7E-06

774.15 14.1855 2.494 3.0826E-06

775.15 7.3967 1.218 7.0283E-07

775.15 14.1855 2.489 3.1442E-06

778.15 14.1855 2.474 3.2367E-06

784.15 10.1325 1.683 1 .2639E-06

812.15 18.2385 3.080 7.8607E-06

813.15 18.2385 3.074 8.0148E-06

823.15 10.1325 1.579 2.3119E-06

823.15 18.2385 3.014 8.1690E-06

825.15 14.1855 2.267 3.1689E-06

830.15 14.1855 2.247 4.7780E-06

Reference:

13

Bell, M.J., Mravich, N.J., Pocock, F.J. and

Rubright, M.M., 1977, Solids behavior in oncethrough nuclear steam systems: Proceedings of the American Power Conference, v. 39, p. 849- 867

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees F, Pressure in psia, Solubility in ppb of Na

Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Density Solubility

(mol/L) (mole fraction)

573.71

598.71

599.82

600.93

6.3776

7.3291

7.3429

8.1082

1.656

1.802

1.799

2.039

2.9778E-08

2.821 OE-07

2.7505E-07

5.3286E-07

Reference' ^'''^o'^i W.E., et. al., 1983, Deposition of corrosive salts from steam: Electric Power 14 Research Institute Research Project 1068-1 (NP3002)

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees F, Pressure in psia, Solubility in wt%

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

499.26 2.3787 0.650 2.1886E-09

A- 18
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

510.37 2.9992 0.822 3.6991 E-09 721.15 24.2000 5.807 7.7077E-05

515.93 3.2750 0.895 6.781 6E-09 723.15 18.7000 3.984 7.3983E-06

517.59 3.5163 0.971 4.3156E-09 723.15 22.4000 5.123 4.3777E-05

519.82 3.6542 1.010 6.781 6E-09 723.15 25.4000 6.203 8.3245E-05

523.15 3.2750 0.872 2.651 OE-09

524.26 3.7576 1.027 1.2639E-08 Reference' Urusova, M.A., 1974, Phase equilibria in the sodium hydroxide-water and sodium chloride- 525.37 3.3440 0.887 5.8569E-09 63 water systems at 350-550 C : 1Russian Journal of 534.26 3.9645 1.056 6.4734E-09 Inorganic Chemistry, v. 19, n. 3, p. 450-454 535.37 4.5505 1.251 1.8804E-08 Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, 544.26 4.5850 1.218 1.1097E-08 Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in mole %

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

Reference: Bischoff, J.L, Rosenbauer, R.J. and Pitzer, K.S., 1986, Thesvstem NaCI-H20: relations of (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

15 vapor-liquid near lthe critical temperature of water 723.15 41.3841 16.179 9.4000E-03

and of vapor-liquid-halite from 300 to 500 C: 723.15 42.0705 16.742 1.6000E-02

Geochimica et Cosmocfiimica Acta, v. 50, p. 723.15 42.1686 16.822 2.4000E-02

1437-1444 723.15 42.2667 16.901 2.4000E-02

Units of original Pressure in bar measurements:

, Solubility in wt%

Temperature in degrees C, 773.15 57.5650 17.751 2.6000E-02

Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

773.15

773.15

58.0554

58.3496

17.966

18.095

3.3000E-02

4.0000E-02

823.15 74.0402 18.434 4.2000E-02

596.85 7.8800 1.995 2.1886E-06

823.15 74.5305 18.577 5.2000E-02

621.65 10.5300 2.675 4.3156E-06

823.15 74.6286 18.605 5.2000E-02

648.25 13.7400 3.483 9.8644E-06

648.65 13.8400 3.514 8.0148E-06

673.35 17.2700 4.358 2.0038E-05

700.15 21.4100 5.323 4.0077E-05

723.65 25.1500 6.091 8.3245E-05

724.95 25.3500 6.127 9.5580E-05

749.05 28.8800 6.679 1.4184E-04

750.15 29.1900 6.754 1.5110E-04

775.65 32.7200 7.164 2.1588E-04

776.55 32.8000 7.163 2.3131 E-04

Reference: Wofford, W.T., DeirOrco, P.C. and Gloyna,

E.F., 1995, Solubility of potassium hydroxide and 16 potassium phosphate in supercritical water: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 40, p. 968-973

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in MPa, Solubility in mg/kg

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

723.15

743.15

24.8000

25.0000

5.973

5.534

7.1835E-05

6.0118E-05

Reference: Baierlein, H., 1983, Zur Loslichkeit von Salzen in uberkritischem Wasserdampf: Doctoral

/ 8 Dissertation - Erlangen

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in bar, Solubility in Wt%, Data set excluded from

equation fit Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Density Solubility

(mol/L) (mole fraction)

721.15 17.5000 3.674 1.5105E-05

A -19
Compound: Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Reference: Wastry, v., 1957, Die Lcsslichkeit von Salzen in Hochgespanntem Wasserdampf und die 11 Klarung der Frage der Turbinenversalzung;

Doctoral Dissertation - Technische Hochschule

Karlsruhe

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in mg/kg

Reference: Allmon, we., et. al., 1983, Deposition of corrosive salts from steam: Electric Power 14 Research Institute Research Project 1068-1 (NP3002)

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees F, Pressure in psia, Solubility in wt%

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 403.15 0.1586 0.048 4.5041 E-10

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 404.82 0.1586 0.048 1.8017E-10

675.15 5.9821 1.162 3.2430E-07 464.82 0.3654 0.097 2.4322E-10

675.15 7.0608 1.397 4.5492E-07 470.37 0.9997 0.271 7.2066E-10

675.15 7.9434 1.596 4.9546E-07 470.93 1 .4479 0.406 3.0628E-09

675.15 8.5318 1.732 6.8013E-07 471 .48 1 .0204 0.277 7.2066E-10

675.15 8.8260 1.802 2.0719E-07 472.59 1.0135 0.274 9.4587E-10

675.15 9.6105 1.992 6.9364E-07 473.15 0.9928 0.267 6.3058E-10

675.15 10.2970 2.163 1 .4864E-06 474.26 1 .0204 0.274 1.5765E-09

675.15 10.3950 2.188 1.0810E-06 495.37 1 .9374 0.520 1.0179E-08

675.15 11.1796 2.392 9.9091 E-07 497.04 2.4132 0.666 7.9273E-09

675.15 12.1603 2.658 1.3963E-06 497.04 2.4476 0.677 5.4050E-09

675.15 12.2583 2.685 1.6215E-06 504.26 2.6200 0.715 7.6570E-09

675.15 12.8467 2.852 2.6124E-06 507.04 2.3787 0.633 2.8827E-09

675.15 13.0428 2.909 2.1170E-06 510.37 0.9859 0.242 7.6570E-10

675.15 13.8274 3.143 2.7926E-06 511.48 2.7096 0.725 4.0087E-09

675.15 14.0235 3.203 3.7835E-06 511.48 2.7510 0.738 3.6934E-09

675.15 14.7100 3.419 4.4591 E-06 512.59 2.0753 0.534 2.2521 E-09

675.15 15.4945 3.678 6.3509E-06 512.59 2.0822 0.536 2.2521 E-09

675.15 15.6906 3.745 5.4050E-06 514.82 0.9997 0.243 6.3058E-10

675.15 16.1810 3.916 4.5492E-06 517.04 0.9515 0.230 7.6570E-10

675.15 16.2790 3.951 8.6931 E-06 517.04 1.0066 0.243 7.6570E-10

675.15 16.6713 4.093 6.7563E-06 517.04 1.7306 0.432 8.5579E-10

519.26 1.7857 0.445 1.9368E-09

Reference: ^®"' ^'^' Mravich, N.J., Pocock, F.J. and 519.82 1.7857 0.444 2.1169E-09

Rubright, M.M., 1977, Solids behavior in once- 13 through nuclear steam systems: Proceedings of 520.37 1.7788 0.441 2.2070E-09

J s? the American Power Conference, v. 39, p. 849- 522.04 3.6197 0.989 1.2927E-08

867 527.04 3.4680 0.921 1.1756E-08

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees F, 555.93 5.5158 1.474 1.2522E-08

Pressure in psia, .Solubility in ppb ofNa 572.04 4.5160 1.089 6.2608E-08

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 573.71 2.8268 0.640 3.0628E-09

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 573.71 4.9504 1.207 7.9723E-08

535.37 1.1859 0.277 7.8362E-09 574.82 1.7030 0.372 1.5765E-09

535.37 1.3376 0.314 1 .8807E-08

535.37 1 .5720 0.373 1.4105E-08 Reference: Urusova, M.A., 1974, Phase equilibria in the sodium hydroxide-water and sodium chloride- 547.04 0.9239 0.209 4.701 7E-09 63 water systems at 350-550 C: Russian Journal of 575.93 6.5155 1.688 1 .5281 E-07 Inorganic Chemistry, v. 19, n.

3, p. 450-454 589.82 7.2533 1.839 4.231 6E-07 Units of original measurements: Temperature! in degrees C, 600.37 7.3222 1.789 5.8772E-07 Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in mole %

602.59 7.3567 1.786 5.8772E-07 Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

723.15 44.5222 18.680 2.3000E-02

723.15 44.5222 18.680 2.4000E-02

723.15 44.7183 18.829 2.3000E-02

723.15 44.8164 18.902 2.3000E-02

723.15 45.8951 19.692 3.2000E-02

A -20
Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

773.15 63.9394 20.390 3.8000E-02

773.15 64.3316 20.540 3.8000E-02

773.15 65.9007 21.124 4.7000E-02

773.15 67.1756 21.580 6.0000E-02

Compound: Sodium Phosphate (Na3P04)

Reference: Wetton, E.A.M., 1981, Phase equlilibria in aqueous sodium phosphate solutions at 350 C: 27 Power Industry Research, v. 1, p. 151-158

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C,

Solubility in wt%, Original data in graphical format, all data points are at saturation Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

623.15 16.5294 31.901 5.9690E-04

Reference' Schroeder, W.C, Berk, A.A. and Gabriel, A,, 1937, Solubility equilibria of sodium sulfate at 28 temperatures from 150 to 350 degrees. III. Effect of sodium hydroxide and sodium

phosphate: Journal of the American Chemical

Society, V. 59, p. 1783-1790

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C,

Solubility in wt%, all data points are at saturation Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

487.15 2.0650 47.059 5.2083E-02

487.15 2.0650 47.059 5.2872E-02

489.15 2.1473 46.921 5.0896E-02

489.15 2.1473 46.921 4.9707E-02

498.15 2.5497 46.280 2.6946E-02

498.15 2.5497 46.280 2.9644E-02

498.15 2.5497 46.280 2.9126E-02

498.15 2.5497 46.280 3.571 OE-02

508.15 3.0625 45.535 1.9291E-02

523.15 3.9762 44.345 9.2541 E-03

523.15 3.9762 44.345 9.3620E-03

523.15 3.9762 44.345 9.3620E-03

573.15 8.5879 39.530 2.6304E-03

623.15 16.5294 31.901 1 .6481 E-04

A-21
Compound: Sodium Sulfate (Na2S04) Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

Reference:

05

Armellini, F J. and Tester, J.W,, 1993, Solubility

of sodium chloride and sulfate in sub- and

supercritical water vapor from 450 - 550 C and

100 - 250 bar: Fluid Phase Equilibria, v. 84. p. 123-142

Unrts of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in bar. Solubility in ppm

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

773.15 25.0000 4.982 1.2049E-07

Reference: Styrikovich, IVl.A., Khaibullin, I.Kh. and

Tschvirashvili, D.G., 1955, Solubility of salts in 08 high pressure steam: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,

V. 100, p. 1123-1126

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in atm. Solubility in mg/kg, Original data in graptiical format Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (moI/L) (mole fraction)

601.08 10.1325 2.803 1 .9358E-09

623.36 14.1855 4.296 2.5766E-09

627.02 10.1325 2.479 1.6688E-09

640.10 3.0398 0.601 2.5766E-09

642.92 14.1855 3.760 1.6688E-09

643.02 18.2385 6.070 1.0053E-08

643.23 10.1325 2.336 2.1761 E-09

654.74 18.2385 5.395 5.5939E-09

655.58 20.2650 6.735 1.8263E-08

661.02 3.0398 0.579 1.8958E-09

661 .64 10.1325 2.204 2.4298E-09

662.59 14.1855 3.420 2.9505E-09

681.73 14.1855 3.177 4.3256E-09

683.30 20.2650 5.344 8.0103E-09

683.40 10.1325 2.076 4.8195E-09

684.03 3.0398 0.556 3.871 6E-09

703.38 18.2385 4.135 5.5271 E-09

705.05 14.1855 2.949 6.0878E-09

705.05 20.2650 4.780 6.5150E-09

705.79 10.1325 1.966 5.1666E-09

706.73 3.0398 0.535 5.5405E-09

709.97 18.2385 4.033 5.5271 E-09

729.53 3.0398 0.516 7.3027E-09

732.36 10.1325 1.856 8.2106E-09

732.77 20.2650 4.295 8.851 4E-09

733.61 14.1855 2.732 7.4896E-09

733.72 18.2385 3.728 7.8367E-09

765.93 18.2385 3.414 8.7846E-09

766.14 3.0398 0.489 9.8927E-09

766.14 10.1325 1.738 1.1882E-08

786.96 3.0398 0.475 1 .4245E-08

790.51 14.1855 2.414 1 .3204E-08

790.51 18.2385 3.223 1.3711E-08

791.14 10.1325 1.663 1.4192E-08

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

815.30 18.2385 3.060 1.5700E-08

815.72 3.0398 0.457 1 .7262E-08

816.35 14.1855 2.302 1 .6568E-08

816.98 10.1325 1.594 1 .6661 E-08

Reference: styrikovich, M.A., 1957, solubility of salts in steam of supercritical characteristics: W Teploenergetika, V. 4, n. 2, p. 3-7

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in mg/kg, Original data in graphical format Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

668.15 27.4586 16.433 5.0098E-07

675.53 25.4973 9.416 2.9223E-08

675.53 25.4973 9.416 1.8235E-08

678.57 25.4973 8.979 2.5132E-08

680.43 23.5360 7.246 1.1689E-08

681.60 23.5360 7.166 1.1339E-08

681 .60 27.4586 10.602 3.8575E-08

681 .83 23.5360 7.151 8.7670E-09

683.00 27.4586 10.339 6.5460E-08

684.17 29.4200 12.646 9.0242E-08

684.63 21.5746 5.909 7.7150E-09

685.10 29.4200 12.378 9.2931 E-08

685.57 29.4200 12.251 4.7108E-08

686.27 21.5746 5.844 7.831 9E-09

690.24 21.5746 5.699 8.8839E-09

699.57 29.4200 9.806 1.6365E-08

704.24 29.4200 9.310 1.1689E-08

707.51 27.4586 7.838 6.8967E-09

707.74 29.4200 8.993 6.0785E-09

709.85 25.4973 6.732 5.1433E-09

718.01 23.5360 5.647 1 .9872E-09

718.25 23.5360 5.640 6.6629E-09

719.65 23.5360 5.603 2.221 OE-09

722.68 23.5360 5.525 7.2474E-09

724.32 23.5360 5.484 2.6886E-09

727.35 21.5746 4.773 2.221 OE-09

728.52 21.5746 4.752 8.2995E-09

731.32 21.5746 4.703 3.0392E-09

731.79 21.5746 4.695 4.2082E-09

732.49 21 .5746 4.682 5.1433E-09

753.03 25.4973 5.478 2.9223E-09

760.03 23.5360 4.794 2.4548E-09

760.26 21.5746 4.276 5.4940E-09

760.50 21.5746 4.273 4.091 3E-09

768.20 21.5746 4.179 4.4420E-09

769.84 25.4973 5.167 8.2995E-09

770.30 23.5360 4.644 3.1 561 E-09

776.61 27.4586 5.583 4.091 3E-09

777.30 21.5746 4.077 1 .9872E-09

A -22
Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

778.24 21 .5746 4.067 4.6757E-09 675.15 1 1 .2777 2.418 3.551 2E-08

783.61 27.4586 5.457 4.091 3E-09 675.15 12.1603 2.658 3.931 7E-08

789.68 25.4973 4.866 1.2391E-08 675.15 12.3564 2.713 2.5366E-08

790.38 23.5360 4.389 5.1433E-09 675.15 12.9448 2.881 4.5659E-08

792.24 25.4973 4.831 1 .5898E-08 675.15 13.4351 3.025 3.6781 E-08

793.88 25.4973 4.809 2.6886E-09 675.15 13.6312 3.084 5.2000E-08

795.28 21.5746 3.896 1 .9872E-09 675.15 14.2196 3.264 4.0586E-08

795.51 23.5360 4.331 5.3771 E-09 675.15 14.4158 3.326 5.2000E-08

801.58 29.4200 5.654 4.6757E-09 675.15 15.0042 3.515 5.3268E-08

802.05 29.4200 5.646 5.4940E-09 675.15 15.2003 3.580 7.1025E-08

803.22 23.5360 4.248 4.4420E-09 675.15 15.9848 3.847 9.0049E-08

804.62 27.4586 5.129 6.3123E-09 675.15 15.9848 3.847 6.2147E-08

807.42 21 .5746 3.787 2.221 OE-09 675.15 16.6713 4.093 1.1034E-07

810.45 25.4973 4.603 5.6109E-09 675.15 16.7694 4.130 9.8927E-08

812.09

815.82

816.75

820.49

25.4973

21 .5746

25.4973

23.5360

4.585

3.717

4.532

4.079

6.5460E-09

3.2730E-09

5.6109E-09

3.3899E-09

Reference:

22

Morey, G.W. and Hesselgesser, J.M., 1951, The

solubility of some minerals in superheated steam

at high pressures: EcorvDmic Geology, v. 46, p. 821-835 822.36

841.50

849.43

852.24

23.5360

21 .5746

27.4586

25.4973

4.061

3.524

4.596

4.186

2.8054E-09

4.6757E-09

5.8447E-09

6.8967E-09

Units of original measurements:

Pressure in psia, Solubility in wt°A Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Temperature in degrees C,

Density Solubility

(mol/L) (mole fraction)

854.34 25.4973 4.168 6.3123E-09 773.15 6.7000 1.100 1.0883E-06

854.57 27.4586 4.545 7.0136E-09 773.15 13.3000 2.323 4.7036E-06

858.07 25.4973 4.136 6.8967E-09 773.15 66.6000 21.376 3.1579E-05

863.21 29.4200 4.841 6.8967E-09 773.15 100.0000 29.324 5.4828E-04

865.77

866.71

868.11

869.27

21 .5746

23.5360

23.5360

21 .5746

3.366

3.709

3.699

3.345

7.9488E-09

6.6629E-09

7.481 2E-09

6.5460E-09

Reference:

30

Novikov, B.E., 1973, Investigation of thermodynamic properties and behavior of salts with common ions in boiler water at high temperatures: Dissertation - Moscow Power 871.38

898.92

908.49

929.50

948.41

950.04

973.38

29.4200

25.4973

25.4973

2.9420

10.3950

2.9420

9.8066

4.758

3.830

3.768

0.385

1.365

0.376

1.248

7.831 9E-09

8.1826E-09

7.9488E-09

9.5853E-09

9.351 5E-09

1.0871E-08

1.6014E-08

Institute Units of original measurements:

Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

486.65 1.8142

506.15 2.8243

519.15 3.4814

Temperature

mg/kg

Density

(mol/L)

0.497

0.777

0.953

= in degrees C,

Solubility

(mole fraction)

3.0693E-18

8.7386E-17

7.1659E-16

Reference: ^^stry, v., 1957, Die Lxslichkeit von Salzen in Hochgespanntem Wasserdampf und die 1 J Klarung der Frage der Turbinenversalzung:

Doctoral Dissertation - Technische Hochschule

Karlsruhe

527.15

535.15

541.90

555.65

4.0207

4.6386

5.1975

6.5214

1.105

1.284

1.449

1.859

2.5366E-15

8.7766E-15

2.4859E-14

1.9785E-13

Units of original measurements:

Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in Temperature Pressure

(K) (MPa)

Temperature

mg/kg

Density

(mol/L)

in degrees C,

Solubility

(mole fraction)

570.15

582.65

594.15

599.15

8.0905

9.7086

11.1796

1 1 .8661

2.371

2.953

3.488

3.749

1.6234E-12

9.6391 E-12

4.6673E-11

9.2078E-11

675.15 8.0414 1.618 4.0586E-08 609.15 13.4351 4.409 3.8429E-10

675.15 9.2182 1.896 4.0586E-08 617.65 15.2003 5.367 1.3190E-09

675.15 9.6105 1.992 4.9464E-08 632.65 18.4365 7.636 1.9912E-08

675.15 10.1989 2.138 4.0586E-08 640.65 20.4959 10.053 2.0039E-07

675.15 10.4931 2.213 4.5659E-08

675.15 11.2777 2.418 3.931 7E-08

A -23
Reference:

1

Ravich, M.I. and Borovaya, F.E ., 1964, Phase Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

equilibria in the sodium sulphate-water system at (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

31 1high temperatures; and pressures: Russian 703.15 109.8345 36.830 6.3927E-02

,Journal of Inorganic Chemistrv, V. 9, n. 4, p. 520-

j532 703.15 110.3248 36.873 7.8261 E-02

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, 703.15 110.8152 36.916 8.8303E-02

Pressure in i<gf/cm2, Solubility in wt%, * indicates data point is at 723.15 78.4532 31.023 1 .2795E-03

saturation 723.15 88.5541 32.624 2.8449E-03

Temperature Pressure Density Solubility 723.15 106.8925 34.852 1.2016E-02

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction) 773.15 122.9754 32.378 2.581 7E-03

593.15 11.0815 37.029 1.7001E-02*

593.15 29.4200 39.548 3.551 4E-02 Reference: Schroeder, W.C, Gabriel, A. and Partridge,

E.P., 1935, Solubility equilibria of sodium sulfate 593.15 39.2266 40.507 4.5900E-02 32 at temperatures of 1 50 to 350 degrees. 1. Effect 593.15 71.5885 42.862 6.3927E-02 of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride: 593.15 95.4187 44.169 7.2128E-02 Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 57, 593.15 121.9947 45.390 7.9469E-02 P- 1539-1546

Units of original measurements: Temperature< in decrees C. 623.15 16.4752 31.901 3.241 5E-03* Solubility in wt%, ;all data points are at saturation 623.15 27.3606 35.233 9.4560E-03 Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

623.15 40.0111 37.295 2.0229E-02 (K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

623.15 50.7985 38.566 3.3571 E-02

623.15 50.9946 38.586 3.4537E-02

413.15 0.3615 51.408 5.0346E-02

623.15 55.1134 39.002 3.9530E-02

413.15 0.3615 51.408 5.0574E-02

623.15 58.8399 39.354 4.4808E-02

423.15 0.4762 50.902 5.0689E-02

623.15 66.1949 39.994 5.391 OE-02

429.15 0.5578 50.586 5.1260E-02

623.15 75.8054 40.742 6.1329E-02

433.15 0.6182 50.371 5.0574E-02

433.15 0.6182 50.371 5.1146E-02

623.15 97.2820 42.156 7.071 6E-02

443.15 0.7922 49.816 5.1374E-02

623.15 119.9353 43.391 7.9469E-02

643.15 20.9862 25.058 6.3693E-04

* 443.15 0.7922 49.816 5.1830E-02

453.15 1 .0028 49.236 5.2058E-02

643.15 38.7363 34.346 6.631 OE-03

453.15 1 .0028 49.236 5.2742E-02

643.15 48.5429 36.004 1.3139E-02

453.15 1.0028 49.236 5.1716E-02

643.15 58.3496 37.269 2.2736E-02

453.15 1.0028 49.236 5.2058E-02

643.15 68.6466 38.354 3.4537E-02

463.15 1 .2552 48.630 5.3083E-02

643.15 78.4532 39.236 5.0396E-02

653.15 29.4200 29.326 1 .2795E-03

463.15 1 .2552 48.630 5.3424E-02

653.15 39.2266 32.816 3.5736E-03

463.15 1 .2552 48.630 5.2742E-02

653.15 49.0333 34.787 7.3275E-03

463.15 1 .2552 48.630 5.2969E-02

653.15 58.8399 36.222 1 .3896E-02

477.15 1 .6893 47.734 5.1716E-02

653.15 78.4532 38.339 4.0044E-02

483.15 1 .9077 47.333 5.3765E-02

483.15 1 .9077 47.333 5.3992E-02

673.15 49.0333 31.845 2.581 7E-03

673.15 58.8399 33.802 4.5790E-03

492.15 2.2756 46.710 5.3992E-02

492.15 2.2756 46.710 5.3878E-02

673.15 64.2336 34.648 6.631 OE-03

673.15 69.3330 35.351 9.8166E-03

494.15 2.3643 46.568 5.4672E-02

673.15 76.0015 36.165 1 .3896E-02

494.15 2.3643 46.568 5.421 9E-02

503.15 2.7971 45.912 5.5465E-02

673.15 78.4532 36.440 1.6213E-02

673.15 81.3952 36.755 2.1892E-02

503.15 2.7971 45.912 5.4559E-02

673.15 88.5541 37.464 3.6501 E-02

513.15 3.3469 45.149 5.501 2E-02

673.15 95.1245 38.055 5.391 OE-02

514.15 3.4062 45.070 5.4786E-02

673.15 98.4588 38.337 7.071 6E-02

514.15 3.4062 45.070 5.4559E-02

523.15 3.9762 44.345 5.1716E-02

673.15 115.7185 39.640 8.6513E-02

524.15 4.0438 44.263 5.3651 E-02

703.15 98.5568 35.754 1.3896E-02

703.15 104.9312 36.381 2.1892E-02

524.15 4.0438 44.263 5.3424E-02

533.15 4.6923 43.498 5.0689E-02

703.15 106.8925 36.564 3.0733E-02

703.15 107.8732 36.654 4.0562E-02

533.15 4.6923 43.498 5.0117E-02

533.15 4.6923 43.498 4.9888E-02

703.15 108.3635 36.698 5.1553E-02

543.15 5.5030 42.601 4.701 7E-02

A -24
Temperature

(K)

Pressure

(MPa)

Density

(mol/L)

Solubility

(mole fraction)

Reference' Khaibullin, I.Kh. and Novikov, BE., 1973, Gamma-ray examination of saturation 543.15 5.5030 42.601 4.9201 E-02 JJ parameters and thermophysical properties of multicomponent salt systems at high

552.15 6.3204 41 .745 4.2620E-02 temperatures: Mater. Vses. Nauchno-Tekh. 552.15 6.3204 41 .745 4.3433E-02 Soveshch. Teploobmennym Teplofiz. Svoistvam 554.15 6.5139 41 .548 4.1689E-02 Morsk. Solonovatykh Vod Ikh Ispol'z, p. 339-350 561.15 7.2274 40.837 3.8651 E-02 Units of origina \ measurements: Temperature in degrees C,

Solubility in mol/L all data oolnts are at saturation 572.15 8.4676 39.643 2.9540E-02

574.15 8.7096 39.415 3.1328E-02 Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

574.15 8.7096 39.415 2.7745E-02

(K)

^

(MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

583.15 9.8651 38.338 2.2804E-02 583.15 9.8651 38.338 2.3893E-02

593.15 1 1 .2843 37.029 1.6220E-02 593.15 11.2843 37.029 1.5717E-02

603.15 12.8581 35.568 9.1736E-03 603.15 12.8581 35.568 9.8402E-03

613.15 14.6007 33.897 5.2986E-03 613.15 14.6007 33.897 5.7232E-03

622.15 16.3276 32.121 3.0347E-03 623.15 16.5294 31.901 2.9278E-03

623.15 16.5294 31.901 3.0347E-03 633.15 18.6660 29.286 1.2668E-03

Reference: ^ ooth, H.S. and Bidwell, R.M. 1950, Solubilities

f salts in water at high temperatures; Journal of 33 the American Chemical Society, v. 72, p. 2567- 2575

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C,

Solubility in wt%, * indicates data point is at saturation Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (molA^) (mole fraction)

603.15 12.8581 35.568 7.6641 E-03*

627.15 17.3577 30.958 2.1233E-03

* 633.15 18.6660 29.286 1.1505E-03*

655.15 12.7860 24.030 4.7973E-04

Reference:

34

Khaibullin, I.Kh. and Novikov, B.E., 1973, A

thermodynamic study of aqueous and steam

solutions of sodium sulfate at high temperatures:

Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, v. 1 1 , n. 2, p. 320-327

Units of original measurements: Temperature in degrees C, Pressure in kgf/cm2, Solubility in wt%, all data points are at

saturation Temperature Pressure Density Solubility

(K) (MPa) (mol/L) (mole fraction)

527.15 4.0207 44.012 5.1553E-02

541 .95 5.1975 42.711 4.7004E-02

555.65 6.5214 41.398 4.0562E-02

570.15 8.0905 39.868 3.0733E-02

582.65 9.7086 38.400 2.1892E-02

594.15 11.1796 36.891 1 .3896E-02

599.15 11.8661 36.174 1 .0908E-02

609.15 13.4351 34.596 6.631 OE-03

617.65 15.2003 33.050 3.9072E-03

632.65 18.4365 29.441 1 .2795E-03

640.65 20.3978 26.426 6.3693E-04

A -25

APPENDIX B - VAPOR PRESSURES

The vapor pressure of a solute can provide a lower bound (though usually far too low for

the systems and conditions of interest in this report) on its solubility. In addition, it may be a

useful quantity in future modeling efforts. This appendix therefore discusses the vapor pressure of

compounds of interest in this report, and tabulates them where appropriate.

Vapor pressures for pure condensed phases can be computed from the free energy

functions given in thermochemical tables such as the JANAF [Bl] compilation. In order to make

this computation, there must be a table both for the condensed phase of interest and for the gas

phase (the table is normally for the ideal gas at 0. 1 MPa; computing the vapor pressure from these

tables requires assuming ideality in the vapor phase which is generally a good assumption at these

low pressures). For the compounds of interest in this study, the measured vapor pressures are almost always at higher temperatures than those of interest. Those measurements are used to tie the gas tables to those for the condensed phase at that particular temperature, but then the

accuracy of a vapor pressure computation at a lower temperature depends on the accuracy of the

heat capacities used to take the free energy function to lower temperatures. Fortunately, common

salts and minerals are sufficiently well studied that extrapolation with heat capacity data does not

introduce a great deal of error.

The following sections describe the individual condensed phases of interest.

NaCI

Fairly consistent vapor pressure measurements exist down to 743 K. The JANAF tables

allow calculations throughout our temperature range. A complication is the extensive

dimerization in the vapor. The JANAF tables have separate ideal-gas tables for the monomer and

dimer. These can be used to compute separate monomer and dimer vapor pressures. The points

above 1073 K are for the vapor pressure above molten NaCl.

Table B- 1 . NaCl vapor pressures from the JANAF tables [B 1].

T(K) pmonomer^jyjp^^ P'""'^(MPa)

400 1.62x10"'' 9.32 X

10-^' 500 1.41 X

10"'^ 3.70 X

10-'' 600 1.20x10-'' 8.33 X 10'^

700 7.30x10'' 9.86 X

10"'^ 800 8.57x10-^ 1.86x10-^

900 3.37 X 10-' 1.03x10-^

1000 6.15x10-^ 2.41 X 10"^ 1100 5.96x10-^ 2.61 X 10-^ 1200 3.17x10"' 1.22x10^

B- 1
SiOz

Vapor pressure measurements are fairly consistent, but are all above 1600 K. The JANAF

tables allow extrapolation to lower temperatures; the system has been studied enough that such

extrapolation is probably fairly good. There has been some reexamination of the heat capacity

data since the publication of the JANAF tables, but the differences are too small to worry about

given the uncertainties in the vapor pressures.

Table B-2. SiOi vapor pressures from the JANAF tables [Bl].

T(K) P'^(MPa)

400 5.38 X

10"'' 500 3.36 X

10-^^ 600 1.10x10-^

700 3.46 X

10-^' 800 1.41 X

10"'' 900 3.16x10"^^

1000 9.33 X 10-^

1100 6.37 X

10"^' 1200 1.45x10-'^

1300 1.42x10"*^

1400 7.19x10-'^

1500 2.14 xlO'^

Na2S04

Scattered vapor pressure data exist at higher temperatures (above about 1 100 K). These

measurements are complicated by a dissociation reaction that is important at high temperatures

(but relatively small compared to the uncertainty of the measurements in the region of interest

here). These data are input to the JANAF compilation, which allows reasonable estimates of

vapor pressure throughout the temperature range of interest here.

Following is a table of vapor pressures generated from the JANAF tables. All the points

are for crystalline sodium sulfate.

B-2
Table B-3. Na2S04 vapor pressures from the JANAF tables [Bl].

T(K) F^(MPa)

400 1.99x10"

500 1.55x10"^^

600 1.11 xlO"^^

700 1.51x10"'^

800 1.75x10"'^

900 3.93 X

10"^' 1000 2.81 xlO"''

1100 8.75 X

10"'°

NaOH

Old vapor pressure data exist at very high temperatures. The JANAF tables use these and

other means to compile sufficient information for vapor pressure calculation. This information

has been updated since the JANAF publication; calculations here are based on new tables from

recent work [B2]. The results are again complicated by dimerization. There is also a solid-solid

phase transition at 568 K and a solid-liquid transition at 594 K.

Table B-4. NaOH vapor pressures from Gurvich et al. [B2].

T(K) pmonomer^jyjp^^ P'"""(MPa)

400 8.08x10'^ 4.80 X

10"^^ 500 9.66 X

10"'' 3.39 X

10"'^ 568 7.40 X

10"'^ 1.93x10"''

594 5.86 X

10-'^ 1.30x10-'^

600 9.08 X lO"*"* 1.91 X

10"'^ 700 4.21 X 10"" 4.22 X

10"'° 800 3.92 X 10"' 2.13x10"'

900 1.26x10"^ 4.10x10"'

1000 1.95x10"^ 4.06 X 10"^ 1100 1.78x10-^ 2.51 X 10"^ 1200 1.09 xlO"' 1.09x10^

Fe304 and FeiOa

No information available.

B-3
Na3P04

No information available.

CuO

Vapor pressure can be calculated from the JANAF tables. Their calculations are indirect, as no reliable vapor pressure measurements exist. It was not felt worthwhile to pursue it at this point.

CU2O

No information available.

References for Appendix B

[Bl] Chase, M.W., Davies, C.A., Downey, J.R., Frurip, D.J., McDonald, R.A., and Syverud,

A.N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3rd ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, Supplement 1 (1985).

[B2] Gurvich, L.V., Bergman, G.A., Gorokhov, L.N., lorish, V.S., Leonidov, V.Ya., and

Yungman, V.S., Thermodynamic Properties of AlkaU Metal Hydroxides Part 1. Lithium and

Sodium Hydroxides, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 25, 1211 (1996).

B-4
APPENDIX C - VAPOR-LIQUID PARTITIONING FOR Na3P04 and Na2S0^

Table C-1. Data of Goodstine [29] for partitioning of Na3P04 between water and steam.

Concentration Concentration Concentration Partition

Pressure Water Steam Water Steam Water Steam Coefficient

(psig) (ppm of Na) (ppmofNa3P04) (mole fraction of Na3P04) (-) 3080 8.640E+00 9.297E-02 2.054E+01 2.210E-01 2.257E-06 2.428E-08 1.076E-02

3080 1.459E+01 1.999E-01 3.468E+01 4.751 E-01 3.811E-06 5.221 E-08 1.370E-02

3080 2.077E+01 3.330E-01 4.937E+01 7.915E-01 5.426E-06 8.698E-08 1.603E-02

3080 3.030E+01 4.512E-01 7.203E+01 1.072E+00 7.916E-06 1.179E-07 1 .489E-02

3000 5.995E+00 2.111E-02 1.425E+01 5.018E-02 1.566E-06 5.515E-09 3.522E-03

3000 9.183E+00 5.513E-02 2.183E+01 1.311 E-01 2.399E-06 1 .440E-08 6.004E-03

3000 1.589E+01 8.964E-02 3.776E+01 2.131 E-01 4.150E-06 2.341 E-08 5.642E-03

3000 1.978E+01 1.322E-01 4.702E+01 3.143E-01 5.168E-06 3.454E-08 6.684E-03

3000 2.154E+01 1.405E-01 5.121 E+01 3.340E-01 5.628E-06 3.671 E-08 6.522E-03

3000 2.957E+01 1.626E-01 7.030E+01 3.865E-01 7.725E-06 4.247E-08 5.497E-03

3000 4.642E+01 4.350E-01 1.1 03 E+02 1.034E+00 1.213E-05 1.136E-07 9.372E-03

3000 5.922E+01 7.336E-01 1 .408E+02 1.744E+00 1.547E-05 1.916E-07 1 .238E-02

3000 1.063E+02 1.267E+00 2.526E+02 3.013E+00 2.777E-05 3.310E-07 1.192E-02

3000 1.730E+02 2.086E+00 4.113E+02 4.958E+00 4.521 E-05 5.448E-07 1.205E-02

3000 2.434E+02 3.115E+00 5.785E+02 7.403E+00 6.360E-05 8.136E-07 1 .279E-02

2800 4.933E+00 3.021 E-03 1.173E+01 7.182E-03 1 .289E-06 7.892E-10 6.125E-04

2800 8.535E+00 3.670E-03 2.029E+01 8.723E-03 2.230E-06 9.586E-10 4.300E-04

2800 2.003E+01 1.987E-02 4.760E+01 4.723E-02 5.231 E-06 5.190E-09 9.921 E-04

2800 2.290E+01 2.271 E-02 5.443 E+01 5.398E-02 5.981 E-06 5.932E-09 9.917E-04

2800 2.922E+01 3.310E-02 6.944E+01 7.867E-02 7.632E-06 8.645E-09 1.133E-03

2800 7.649E+01 1.770E-01 1.818E+02 4.208E-01 1.998E-05 4.624E-08 2.314E-03

2800 1.130E+02 2.775E-01 2.685E+02 6.596E-01 2.951 E-05 7.249E-08 2.456E-03

2800 2.524E+02 7.073E-01 6.000E+02 1.681 E+00 6.597E-05 1 .848E-07 2.801 E-03

2800 4.059E+02 1.558E+00 9.649E+02 3.704E+00 1.061E-04 4.070E-07 3.835E-03

2800 4.698E+02 1.676E+00 1.117E+03 3.984E+00 1 .228E-04 4.378E-07 3.564E-03

2600 7.465E+00 1.422E-03 1 .774E+01 3.381 E-03 1.950E-06 3.716E-10 1 .906E-04

2600 1.773E+01 3.453E-03 4.214E+01 8.209E-03 4.631 E-06 9.021 E-10 1 .948E-04

2600 1.407E+01 3.806E-03 3.343E+01 9.047E-03 3.674E-06 9.942E-10 2.706E-04

2600 2.346E+01 9.468E-03 5.577E+01 2.251 E-02 6.129E-06 2.473E-09 4.035E-04

2600 2.586E+01 1.136E-02 6.148E+01 2.700E-02 6.756E-06 2.968E-09 4.392E-04

2600 4.475E+01 2.692E-02 1.064E+02 6.399E-02 1.169E-05 7.032E-09 6.015E-04

2600 6.855E+01 5.513E-02 1.629E+02 1.311 E-01 1.791 E-05 1 .440E-08 8.042E-04

2600 8.640E+01 8.036E-02 2.054E+02 1.910E-01 2.257E-05 2.099E-08 9.299E-04

2600 1.063E+02 6.779E-02 2.526E+02 1.611 E-01 2.777E-05 1.771 E-08 6.376E-04

2600 1 .861 E+02 2.124E-01 4.425E+02 5.049E-01 4.864E-05 5.548E-08 1.141 E-03

2600 2.851 E+02 3.625E-01 6.777E+02 8.618E-01 7.452E-05 9.470E-08 1.271 E-03

2600 5.117E+02 6.737E-01 1.216E+03 1.601 E+00 1.338E-04 1.760E-07 1.315E-03

2000 5.117E+01 1.858E-03 1.216E+02 4.417E-03 1.337E-05 4.854E-10 3.632E-05

2000 9.183E+01 6.188E-03 2. 183 E+02 1.471 E-02 2.399E-05 1.616E-09 6.738E-05

2000 2.555E+02 2.503E-02 6.073E+02 5.949E-02 6.678E-05 6.537E-09 9.790E-05

2000 4.367E+02 8.036E-02 1.038E+03 1.910E-01 1.142E-04 2.099E-08 1.838E-04

C-1
Table C-2. Data of Goodstine [29] for partitioning of Na2S04 between water and steam.

Concentration Concentration Concentration Partition

Pressure Water Steam Water Steam Water Steam Coefficient

(psig) (ppm of Na) (ppm of Na2S04) (mole fraction of Na2S04) (-) 3000 7.676E+00 1 .994E-02 2.371 E-hOI 6.160E-02 3.008E-06 7.813E-09 2.598E-03

3000 8.159E+00 2.842E-02 2.521 E-t-OI 8.779E-02 3.197E-06 1.113E-08 3.483E-03

3000 1 .848E+01 6.521 E-02 5.710E-H01 2.015E-01 7.242E-06 2.555E-08 3.528E-03

3000 2.193E+01 7.551 E-02 6.774E-H01 2.333E-01 8.592E-06 2.958E-08 3. 443 E-03

3000 2.570E+01 8.532E-02 7.939E-H01 2.636E-01 1.007E-05 3.343E-08 3.320E-03

3000 4.673E+01 1.819E-01 1 .444E-H02 5.621 E-01 1 .831 E-05 7.129E-08 3.893E-03

3000 9.256E+01 4.125E-01 2.859E-h02 1.274E+00 3.628E-05 1.616E-07 4.455E-03

3000 1 .545E+02 6.403E-01 4.774E-H02 1.978E-f00 6.058E-05 2.509E-07 4. 141 E-03

3000 2.880E+02 1.506E+00 8.897E-(-02 4.651 E+00 1.129E-04 5.899E-07 5.224E-03

2800 5.132E+00 2.323E-03 1.585E-(-01 7.176E-03 2.011E-06 9.102E-10 4.527E-04

2800 6.392E+00 3.077E-03 1.975E-h01 9.504E-03 2.505E-06 1.205E-09 4.813E-04

2800 1.539E+01 9.465E-03 4.755E+01 2.924E-02 6.031 E-06 3.709E-09 6.149E-04

2800 2.013E+01 1 .853E-02 6.219E-h01 5.725E-02 7.888E-06 7.261 E-09 9.204E-04

2800 2.275E+01 1 .722E-02 7.027E+01 5.320E-02 8.912E-06 6.748E-09 7.571 E-04

2800 2.302E+01 2.068E-02 7.113E-h01 6.390E-02 9.022E-06 8.105E-09 8.983E-04

2800 7.163E+01 5.046E-02 2.213E-H02 1.559E-01 2.807E-05 1 .977E-08 7.042E-04

2800 1.008E+02 5.701 E-02 3.115E-H02 1.761 E-01 3.951 E-05 2.234E-08 5.653E-04

2800 3.544E+02 2.690E-01 1 .095E-h03 8.309E-01 1.390E-04 1.054E-07 7.583E-04

2800 5.111E+02 3.928E-01 1 .579E-H03 1.213E+00 2.005E-04 1 .539E-07 7.675E-04

2600 5.008E+00 1.116E-03 1 .547E-H01 3.448E-03 1 .962E-06 4.373E-10 2.229E-04

2600 7.311E+00 1.712E-03 2.258E-h01 5.288E-03 2.864E-06 6.707E-10 2.341 E-04

2600 1.162E+01 1.712E-03 3.591 E-H01 5.288E-03 4.555E-06 6.707E-10 1.472E-04

2600 1.346E+01 4.384E-03 4.157E-H01 1.354E-02 5.273E-06 1.718E-09 3.258E-04

2600 7.963 E+00 2.133E-03 2.460E-H01 6.588E-03 3.120E-06 8.356E-10 2.678E-04

2600 1.989E+01 6.481 E-03 6.144E-H01 2.002E-02 7.793E-06 2.539E-09 3.259E-04

2600 2.038E+01 7.147E-03 6.296E+01 2.208E-02 7.985E-06 2.800E-09 3.507E-04

2600 1.965E+01 7.690E-03 6.069E-I-01 2.376E-02 7.698E-06 3.013E-09 3.914E-04

2600 2.359E+01 7.597E-03 7.289E-h01 2.347E-02 9.245E-06 2.977E-09 3.220E-04

2600 2.570E+01 7.505E-03 7.939E-h01 2.318E-02 1.007E-05 2.940E-09 2.920E-04

2600 2.903E+01 8.175E-03 8.969E-1-01 2.525E-02 1.138E-05 3.203E-09 2.815E-04

2600 2.601 E+01 8.796E-03 8.036E-H01 2.717E-02 1.019E-05 3.446E-09 3.381 E-04

2600 2.508E+01 9.939E-03 7.747E-(-01 3.070E-02 9.827E-06 3.894E-09 3.963E-04

2600 8.395E+01 1.994E-02 2.593E-H02 6.160E-02 3.290E-05 7.813E-09 2.375E-04

2600 9.485E+01 1 .994E-02 2.930E-H02 6.160E-02 3.717E-05 7.813E-09 2.102E-04

2600 2.518E+02 5.363E-02 7.779E-h02 1.657E-01 9.873E-05 2.101E-08 2.129E-04

2600 2.398E+02 5.701 E-02 7.408E-H02 1.761 E-01 9.402E-05 2.234E-08 2.376E-04

2600 4.579E+02 1.201E-01 1.415E-H03 3.710E-01 1.796E-04 4.706E-08 2.620E-04

2600 4.750E+02 1.292E-01 1.467E-H03 3.993E-01 1.863E-04 5.064E-08 2.718E-04

C-2
APPENDIX D - COMPARISON OF EXTRAPOLATION PROPERTIES

Temperature Pressure Density Predicted solubility Pred. sol/reference sol. (°C) (MPa) (mol/L) (mol fraction) (-)\ 5/0 2 NaCl 5/0 2 NaCl

350 16.52942 6.306074 1.149E-04 3.589E-05 1.000E-H00 1.000E+00

300 2.24500 0.5 3.182E-07 1.493E-09 2.770E-03 4.158E-05

300 4.21000 1.0 9.821 E-07 1.800E-08 8.548E-03 5.016E-04

300 5.89600 1.5 1.973E-06 7.970E-08 1.717E-02 2.220E-03

300 7.30900 2.0 3.343E-06 2.346E-07 2.909E-02 6.536E-03

300 8.46100 2.5 5.177E-06 5.531 E-07 4.505E-02 1.541 E-02

350 2.47400 0.5 6.073E-07 2.672E-09 5.286E-03 7.443E-05

350 4.71300 1.0 1.935E-06 3.172E-08 1.684E-02 8.838E-04

350 6.72100 1.5 3.958E-06 1.379E-07 3.445E-02 3.842E-03

350 8.50600 2.0 6.796E-06 3.976E-07 5.915E-02 1.108E-02

350 10.08000 2.5 1.063E-05 9.158E-07 9.254E-02 2.551 E-02

350 11.45000 3.0 1.572E-05 1.831 E-06 1.368E-01 5.102E-02

350 12.63000 3.5 2.237E-05 3.322E-06 1.947E-01 9.254E-02

350 13.65000 4.0 3.099E-05 5.605E-06 2.697E-01 1.562E-01

350 14.51000 4.5 4.210E-05 8.958E-06 3.664E-01 2.496E-01

350 15.22000 5.0 5.635E-05 1.372E-05 4.904E-01 3.822E-01

400 2.69700 0.5 1.159E-06 4.370E-09 1.009E-02 1.217E-04

400 5.19400 1.0 3.811E-06 5.133E-08 3.317E-02 1.430E-03

400 7.49300 1.5 7.942E-06 2.206E-07 6.913E-02 6.145E-03

400 9.60200 2.0 1 .382E-05 6.281 E-07 1.203E-01 1.750E-02

400 11.53000 2.5 2.184E-05 1.428E-06 1.901 E-01 3.977E-02

400 13.28000 3.0 3.255E-05 2.815E-06 2.833E-01 7.844E-02

400 14.87000 3.5 4.665E-05 5.031 E-06 4.060E-01 1.402E-01

400 16.31000 4.0 6.503E-05 8.365E-06 5.660E-01 2.330E-01

400 17.61000 4.5 8.882E-05 1.316E-05 7.731 E-01 3.667E-01

400 18.79000 5.0 1.195E-04 1.982E-05 1.040E-H00 5.521 E-01

450 2.91800 0.5 2.212E-06 6.649E-09 1 .925E-02 1.852E-04

450 5.66100 1.0 7.506E-06 7.753 E-08 6.533E-02 2.160E-03

450 8.23300 1.5 1.594E-05 3.305E-07 1.387E-01 9.206E-03

450 10.64000 2.0 2.809E-05 9.331 E-07 2.445E-01 2.599E-02

450 12.89000 2.5 4.485E-05 2.102E-06 3.904E-01 5.856E-02

450 14.98000 3.0 6.741 E-05 4.109E-06 5.867E-01 1.145E-01

450 16.94000 3.5 9.729E-05 7.270E-06 8.468E-01 2.025E-01

450 18.76000 4.0 1.365E-04 1.197E-05 1.188E-(-00 3.335E-01

450 20.45000 4.5 1.874E-04 1.866E-05 1.631E-H00 5.198E-01

450 22.03000 5.0 2.532E-04 2.782E-05 2.204E-H00 7.752E-01

500 3.13600 0.5 4.222E-06 9.548E-09 3.674E-02 2.660E-04

500 6.11900 1.0 1.479E-05 1.107E-07 1.287E-01 3.084E-03

500 8.95200 1.5 3.198E-05 4.691 E-07 2.783E-01 1.307E-02

500 1 1 .64000 2.0 5.711 E-05 1.316E-06 4.971 E-01 3.667E-02

500 14.19000 2.5 9.213E-05 2.947E-06 8.018E-01 8.210E-02

500 16.60000 3.0 1.396E-04 5.722E-06 1.215E-^00 1.594E-01

500 18.89000 3.5 2.029E-04 1.006E-05 1.766E+00 2.803E-01

500 21.06000 4.0 2.864E-04 1.646E-05 2.492E-H00 4.585E-01

* Reference Point

D- 1
Temperature Pressure Density Predicted solubility Pred. soUreJerence sol. (°C) (MPa) (mol/L) (mol fraction) (-)\ 5/0 2 NaCl SiOz NaCl

500 23.12000 4.5 3.954E-04 2.547E-05 3.441 E+00 7.096E-01

500 25.07000 5.0 5.369E-04 3.773E-05 4.672E+00 1.051 E+00

550 3.35300 0.5 8.057E-06 1.307E-08 7.012E-02 3.642E-04

550 6.57200 1.0 2.913E-05 1.509E-07 2.535E-01 4.204E-03

550 9.65700 1.5 6.417E-05 6.366E-07 5.585E-01 1 .774E-02

550 12.62000 2.0 1.161 E-04 1.778E-06 1.011 E+00 4.952E-02

550 15.45000 2.5 1.892E-04 3.963E-06 1.647E+00 1.104E-01

550 18.17000 3.0 2.892E-04 7.654E-06 2.517E+00 2.132E-01

550 20.77000 3.5 4.233 E-04 1.340E-05 3.684E+00 3.732E-01

550 23.27000 4.0 6.009E-04 2.181 E-05 5.230E+00 6.075E-01

550 25.67000 4.5 8.341 E-04 3.359E-05 7.260E+00 9.357E-01

550 27.98000 5.0 1.138E-03 4.950E-05 9.905E+00 1.379E+00

600 3.56900 0.5 1.538E-05 1 .722E-08 1.338E-01 4.796E-04

600 7.01900 1.0 5.737E-05 1.980E-07 4.993E-01 5.517E-03

600 10.35000 1.5 1.288E-04 8.325E-07 1.1 21 E+00 2.319E-02

600 13.57000 2.0 2.361 E-04 2.317E-06 2.055E+00 6.455E-02

600 16.68000 2.5 3.886E-04 5.145E-06 3.383E+00 1.433E-01

600 19.69000 3.0 5.989E-04 9.899E-06 5.212E+00 2.758E-01

600 22.60000 3.5 8.828E-04 1.726E-05 7.683E+00 4.808E-01

600 25.41000 4.0 1 .261 E-03 2.799E-05 1.098E+01 7.798E-01

600 28.14000 4.5 1.760E-03 4.294E-05 1.532E+01 1.196E+00

600 30.78000 5.0 2.413E-03 6.307E-05 2.100E+01 1.757E+00

650 3.78400 0.5 2.934E-05 2.194E-08 2.554E-01 6.112E-04

650 7.46300 1.0 1.130E-04 2.516E-07 9.836E-01 7.011 E-03

650 1 1 .04000 1.5 2.584E-04 1.055E-06 2.249E+00 2.938E-02

650 14.51000 2.0 4.800E-04 2.928E-06 4.177E+00 8.157E-02

650 17.90000 2.5 7.983 E-04 6.478E-06 6.948E+00 1.805E-01

650 21.18000 3.0 1.240 E-03 1.243 E-05 1.079E+01 3.464E-01

650 24.39000 3.5 1.841 E-03 2.161 E-05 1.602E+01 6.019E-01

650 27.51000 4.0 2.646E-03 3.493E-05 2.303E+01 9.732E-01

650 30.55000 4.5 3.713E-03 5.344E-05 3.231 E+01 1.489E+00

650 33.52000 5.0 5.115E-03 7.825E-05 4.452E+01 2.180E+00

700 3.99900 0.5 5.600E-05 2.720E-08 4.874E-01 7.577E-04

700 7.90400 1.0 2.226E-04 3.113E-07 1 .937E+00 8.672E-03

700 11.72000 1.5 5.185E-04 1.301 E-06 4.512E+00 3.626E-02

700 15.45000 2.0 9.758E-04 3.602E-06 8.493E+00 1.004E-01

700 19.09000 2.5 1.640 E-03 7.957E-06 1.427E+01 2.217E-01

700 22.65000 3.0 2.569E-03 1.523E-05 2.236E+01 4.244E-01

700 26.14000 3.5 3.840E-03 2.641 E-05 3.342E+01 7.358E-01

700 29.56000 4.0 5.553E-03 4.259E-05 4.833E+01 1.187E+00

700 32.91000 4.5 7.833E-03 6.499E-05 6.818E+01 1.811 E+00

700 36.19000 5.0 1.084E-02 9.495E-05 9.437E+01 2.645E+00

D-2
APPENDIX E - SAMPLE SOLUBILITY CALCULATIONS

Table E-L NaCl solubility equation. x = p''exp(A + B/T)/P

M = rrii + myT

A = -7.92886 E+00 nrii = 4.49961 E+00

B = -4.85247E+03 m^ = -1.30000E-03

Solubility (mole fraction)

Temperaiure Pressure (MPa)

CO 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

200 3.4657E-1

- - 300 7.5395E-11 9.6468E-10 4.5680E-09 1.4545E-08 3.7656E-08 8.6585E-08

400 1.2195E-10 1.4671E-09 6.4661 E-09 1.8924E-08 4.4320E-08 9.0265E-08

500 1.6203E-10 1.8980E-09 8.1298E-09 2.3077E-08 5.2302E-08 1.0284E-07

600 1.8978E-10 2.1924E-09 9.2564E-09 2.5886E-08 5.7770E-08 1.1179E-07

700 2.0463E-10 2.3450E-09 9.8203E-09 2.7235E-08 6.0266E-08 1.1561E-07

800 2.0868E-10 2.3797E-09 9.9160E-09 2.7362E-08 6.0238E-08 1.1496E-07

900 2.0483E-10 2.3283E-09 9.6708E-09 2.6599E-08 5.8369E-08 1.1103E-07

Table E-2. Si02 solubility equation.

x = p^exp(A + DT)/P

M = mi + m2P + mgT

A = -2.16047E+01 mi = 1 .05555E+00

D = 1.35587E-02 m2 = 9.41005E-02

9.12888E-04

Solubility (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure (MPa)

(°C) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

200 3.4808E-08 - - - 300 8.4185E-08 1.3092E-07 1.7530E-07 2.2260E-07 2.7667E-07 3.4208E-07

400 2.1321E-07 3.4521 E-07 4.6578E-07 5.8527E-07 7.0896E-07 8.4069E-07

500 5.501 5E-07 9.3890E-07 1.2978E-06 1.6495E-06 2.0049E-06 2.371 5E-06

600 1.4331E-06 2.5904E-06 3.6896E-06 4.7756E-06 5.871 4E-06 6.9926E-06

700 3.7524E-06 7.2003E-06 1.0596E-05 1.4010E-05 1.7484E-05 2.1046E-05

800 9.851 5E-06 2.0094E-05 3.0598E-05 4.1396E-05 5.2529E-05 6.4039E-05

900 2.5894E-05 5.6182E-05 8.8603E-05 1 .2278E-04 1.5859E-04 1.9603E-04

E- 1
Table E-3. Na3P04 solubility equation.

X = Xref*XNaCl(T, P,p)/XNaCl(Tref>r refjpref/

XNaCI = p''exp(A + B/T)/P

M = mi + rria/T

A = -7.92886E+00 mi = 4.49961 E+00

B = -4.85247E+03 m^ = -1.30000E-03

Trel = 623.15 K Pref = 16.52942 MPa

Pref = 6.30607388 mol/dm^ Xref = 2.8000E-07 mole fr.

XNaCl(Tref,Pref.pref) = 3.851 8E-04 molefr.

Solubility (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure (MPa)

(°C) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

200 2.5193E-14 - - - 300 5.4807E-14 7.0126E-13 3.3207E-12 1.0573E-11 2.7374E-11 6.2942E-11

400 8.8649E-14 1.0665E-12 4.7005E-12 1.3757E-11 3.2218E-11 6.5617E-11

500 1.1779E-13 1.3797E-12 5.9098E-12 1.6775E-11 3.8020E-11 7.4757E-11

600 1.3796E-13 1.5937E-12 6.7288E-12 1.8818E-11 4.1995E-11 8.1263E-11

700 1.4875E-13 1.7047E-12 7.1387E-12 1.9798E-11 4.3809E-11 8.4043E-11

800 1.5170E-13 1.7299E-12 7.2083E-12 1.9890E-11 4.3789E-11 8.3571 E-1

900 1.4890E-13 1.6926E-12 7.0301 E-1 2 1.9336E-11 4.2430E-11 8.071 4E-11

Table E-4. Na2S04 solubility equation. x = Xref*XNaCl(T, P,p)/XNaCl(Tref>r ret'Prefj

XnbCI = p''exp(A + B/T)/P

M = mi + rria/T

A = -7.92886E+00 mi = 4.49961 E-hOO

B = -4.85247E+03 m3 = -1.30000E-03

Tref = 633.15 K Pre( = 18.66601 MPa

Pref = 7.987581 mol/dm^ Xref = 1.5000E-06 molefr.

XNaCl(Tref.Pref>Pref) = 1 .0489E-03 mole fr. Solubility (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure (MPa)

(°C) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

200 4.9562E-14 - - - - - 300 1.0782E-13 1.3796E-12 6.5327E-12 2.0801 E-1

5.3852E-11 1.2383E-10

400 1.7440E-13 2.0981 E-19.2473E-12 2.7064E-11 6.3382E-11 1.2909E-10

500 2.3172E-13 2.7143E-12 1.1626E-11 3.3002E-11 7.4797E-11 1.4707E-10

600 2.7140E-13 3.1353E-12 1.3238E-11 3.7020E-11 8.261 7E-11 1.5987E-10

700 2.9264E-13 3.3536E-12 1.4044E-11 3.8949E-11 8.6186E-11 1.6534E-10

800 2.9844E-13 3.4032E-12 1.4181 E-13.9130E-11 8.6146E-11 1.6441 E-1 900 2.9293E-13 3.3298E-12 1.3830E-11 3.8039E-11 8.3473E-1

1.5879E-10

E-2
M,

Table

X = p""exp(A + M = mi + nria/T

A = B =

E-5. CuO solubility equation based on ref. 38.

B/T)/P

-9.75084E+00

-4.85247E+03

mi =

1713 =

1.14584E+00

-1.30000E-03

Solubility (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure (MPa)

(°C) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

200 4.5568E-10 - - - - - 300 2.1078E-09 2.4065E-09 2.6430E-09 2.8646E-09 3.0906E-09 3.3351 E-09

400 6.0833E-09 6.8370E-09 7.3733E-09 7.821 7E-09 8.2259E-09 8.6066E-09

500 1.3103E-08 1 .4627E-08 1 .5660E-08 1 .6483E-08 1.7191 E-08 1.7826E-08

600 2.331 OE-08 2.5928E-08 2.7658E-08 2.9002E-08 3.0129E-08 3.1115E-08

700 3.6369E-08 4.0372E-08 4.2975E-08 4.4968E-08 4.661 4E-08 4.8034E-08

800 5.1678E-08 5.7294E-08 6.091 1E-08 6.3654E-08 6.5898E-08 6.781 6E-08

900 6.8550E-08 7.5938E-08 8.0666E-08 8.4230E-08 8.7126E-08 8.9588E-08

Table E-6. CuO solubility equation based on ref. 37. x = p^exp(A + B/T)/P

M = mi + rPa/T

A = -1. 49399 E+01 mi = 2.5961 8E+00

B = -4.85247 E+03 ma = -1.30000E-03

Solubility (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure (MPa)

(°C) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

200 3.7936E-13 - - - 300 1.2663E-12 4.1110E-12 8.4941 E-12 1.4672E-11 2.3112E-11 3.4593E-11

400 2.8452E-12 8.9139E-12 1.7671E-11 2.9073E-11 4.3225E-11 6.0323E-11

500 4.9729E-12 1.5342E-11 2.991 7E-11 4.8361 E-11 7.0554E-11 9.6483E-11

600 7.3837E-12 2.2598E-11 4.3701 E-11 7.0038E-11 1.0127E-10 1.3722E-10

700 9.8189E-12 2.991 2E-11 5.7574E-11 9.1829E-11 1.3213E-10 1.7814E-10

800 1 .2088E-1

1

3.6719E-11 7.0472E-11 1.1207E-10 1.6079E-10 2.1613E-10

900 1.4076E-11 4.2681 E-11 8.1763E-11 1.2979E-10 1.8585E-10 2.4935E-10

E-3
Table E-7. CU2O solubility equation based on ref. 37.

X = p^exp(A + BrT)/P

M = mi + myT

A = -2.14219E+01 mi = 6.27227E+00

B = -4.85247E+03 ma = -1.30000E-03

Solubility (mole fraction)

Temperature Pressure (MPa)

CQ 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

200 4.6797E-18 - - - - - 300 6.8329E-18 3.1360E-16 3.2147E-15 1.8093E-14 7.4398E-14 2.5516E-13

400 8.1382E-18 3.4276E-16 3.1793E-15 1.5910E-14 5.6887E-14 1.6475E-13

500 8.3762E-18 3.3991 E-1

6

3.0298E-15 1.4529E-14 4.9630E-14 1.3685E-13

600 7.8662E-18 3.1309E-16 2.7353E-15 1.2847E-14 4.2949E-14 1.1582E-13

700 6.9768E-18 2.7460E-16 2.3719E-15 1.1011E-14 3.6379E-14 9.6927E-14

800 5.9709E-18 2.3340E-16 2.0020E-15 9.2289E-15 3.0274E-14 8.0083E-14

900 4.9983E-18 1.9451 E-1

6

1.6610E-15 7.6224E-15 2.4891 E-1

4

6.5544E-14

E-4


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