)FFICe OF INTCRNATIONAL AND ACADCMIC AFFAIRS

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NIST

, .PUBLICATIONS

NTERNATiOINAl ANcI ACAQEMiC

AcTiviTiEs foR FY 1997/1998

Special Publication 940

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jioo

IU57

11999

United States Department of Commerce

Technology Administration

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Office of International and Academic Affairs

1997/1998
fhe National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . . . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability ... and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries."

NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's

competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One

of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of

measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering,

manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal

Government.

As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and

applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and

advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303.

Major technical operating units and their principal activities are listed below. For more information contact the

Publications and Program Inquiries Desk, 301-975-3058.

Office of the Director

• National Quality Program

• International and Academic Affairs

Technology Services

• standards Services

• Technology Partnerships

• Measurement Services

• Technology Innovation

• Information Services

Advanced Technology Program

• Economic Assessment

• Information Technology and Applications

• Chemical and Biomedical Technology

• Materials and Manufacturing Technology

• Electronics and Photonics Technology

Manufacturing Extension Partnership

Program

• Regional Programs

• National Programs

• Program Development

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Laboratory

• Microelectronics

• Law Enforcement Standards

• Electricity

• Semiconductor Electronics

• Electromagnetic Fields^

• Electromagnetic Technology^

• Optoelectronics^

Chemical Science and Technology

Laboratory

• Biotechnology

• Physical and Chemical Properties^

• Analytical Chemistry

• Process Measurements

• Surface and Microanalysis Science

Physics Laboratory

• Electron and Optical Physics

• Atomic Physics

• Optical Technology

• Ionizing Radiation

• Time and Frequency'

• Quantum Physics'

Materials Science and Engineering

Laboratory

• Intelligent Processing of Materials

• Ceramics

• Materials Reliability'

• Polymers

• Metallurgy

• NIST Center for Neutron Research

Manufacturing Engineering

Laboratory

• Precision Engineering

• Automated Production Technology

• Intelligent Systems

• Fabrication Technology

• Manufacturing Systems Integration

Building and Fire Research

Laboratory

• structures

• Building Materials

• Building Environment

• Fire Safety Engineering

• Fire Science

Information Technology Laboratory

• Mathematical and Computational Sciences^

• Advanced Network Technologies

• Computer Security

• Information Access and User Interfaces

• High Performance Systems and Services

• Distributed Computing and Information Services

• Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing

'At Boulder, CO 80303.

^Some elements at Boulder, CO.
NIST Special Publication 940

NIST International and Academic Activities

for FY 1997/1998

Marian F. McCurley, Editor

International Affairs Officer

Office of International and Academic Affairs

Office of the Director

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

April 1999

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

William M. Daley, Secretary

TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION

Gary R. Bachula, Acting Under Secretary for

Technology

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND

TECHNOLOGY

Raymond G. Kammer, Director
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 940

Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 940, 88 pages (April 1999)

CODEN: NSPUE2

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1999

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402-9325
Office of International and Academic Affairs Staff

Dr. B. Stephen Carpenter

Director, Office of International and

Academic Affairs

Mrs. Carol R. Jones

Secretary

Dr. Claire M. Saundry

Chief, International Affairs

Ms. V. Joy Brooks

Administrative Assistant

Dr. Marian F. McCurley

International Affairs Officer

Dr. Neville Pugh

International Affairs Officer

(on detaU from MSEL)

Mrs. Cathy A. Smith

International Specialist

Mrs. Bonnie J. DeBord

International Specialist

Mrs. Aija E. Roess

International Specialist

Dr. Jack J. Hsia

Chief, Academic Affairs

Executive Summary

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has the unique responsibility of ensuring that

U.S. industry has access to the measurements and standards that it needs to compete in a global market.

Because advancing technology is a significant stimulus for developing new measurement capabilities and

new standards, NIST maintains a world class research and development program to support emerging

measurement needs. In addition, NISTs measurement capabilities help support U.S. regulatory agencies

in their efforts to ensure the health and safety of U.S. citizens abroad. Therefore, NIST has found it advantageous to participate in international activities. NIST targets its international activities on those

areas in which U.S. industry needs a broader metrology base than that which currently exists. When NIST

scientists and engineers have a history of cooperation with their counterparts fi-om other countries, it is generally easier to adopt consistent measurement systems. Thus, participation in international Science and

Technology (S«&;T) arrangements significantly enhances NISTs ability to achieve its mission. NIST

accomplishes its mission through a portfolio of programs, including the measurement and standards

programs, the advanced technology program, the manufacturing extension partnership, and the national

quality program. The coordination of all international and academic activities in these programs is the

responsibility of the Office of International and Academic Affairs (OIAA).

In the past two years OIAA has hosted many distinguished high level visits including the President and

Vice-President of the Physilakisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTE), the Director of the Bureau

International Poids et Mesures (BIPM), a Senator fi-om the Mexican Chamber, the Minister of Commerce

for Mexico, the Minister of Commerce and Industries of Haiti, the President of the Egyptian National

Institute of Standards, the Director General of the Mendelev Institute as well as the Directors of several of

the National Measurement Laboratories including those fi-om Denmark, the Netherlands, the United

Kingdom, Ecuador, Mexico, and China.

In the past year, OIAA has expanded its outreach efforts by developing a comprehensive homepage on the

World Wide Web (WWW). The OIAA homepage serves not only the NIST community but also our

partners elsewhere in the United States and abroad. The information provided on the OIAA homepage

includes: information on the international and academic activities at NIST, links to other national

metrology institutions and standards bodies, a directory of all NIST international agreements, a database

of measurement comparisons in which NIST staff have participated, links to organizations which fimd

international S&T cooperation, and information for NIST travelers. It is our intention to make this Special

Publication available on the WWW and to continue to update and amend our homepage to meet the needs

of our customers.

In January 1997 OIAA initiated the development of a laboratory wide international comparison database.

With the cooperation of the laboratories, information on international comparisons NIST has been

involved in the last 10 years, either formally or informally, was collected into a database. The first version

of this database was published on the OIAA WEB page in September 1997. An updated version of the

database was placed on the WEB in December 1997. Since that time the database project has expanded to

include direct participation from the laboratories. Technology Services and our partner National

Measurement Institutes (NMIs) in the European Union (EU). Dr. Robert Hebner, Acting Deputy Director,

has called for a more detailed database that would not only allow NIST to identify international

comparisons NIST is involved in, but also provide NIST with the capability to predict future international

comparison needs. The timescale for completion ofthis expanded project is 2000.
OIAA has also implemented a strategy whereby NIST cooperates with regional bodies of NMI's rather

than purely through bilateral relationships. These regional bodies include the Interamerican System of

Metrology (SIM), the European Metrology Program (EUROMET), the Asia-Pacific Metrology Program

(APMP), the Eastern Europe Metrology Program (COOMET), the Southern Afiican Development

Cooperation in Metrology (SADCMET) and a proposed Middle East and North Afiica Metrology Program

(MENAMET). NIST is a member of SIM, which includes the Americas and the Caribbean.

This Special Publication provides a simmiary of NIST's 1997 international and academic activities. The

first two sections on International Affairs and Academic Affairs address activities which affect NIST-wide

programs. The international activities of each ofthe major Operating Units (the seven laboratories,

Technology Services (TS), Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program (MEP), the National Quality

Program and the Advanced Technology Program (ATP) are described in subsequent chapters. Appendix 1

lists all of the international agreements NIST has with foreign institutions.

OIAA hopes you find this Report useful and welcomes your comments and suggestions on future issues.

Dr. B. Stephen Carpenter

Director, Office of International and Academic Affairs
Table of Contents

International Affairs (109)

Academic Affairs (109)

National Quality Program (102)

Program OfRce (106)

Advanced Technology Program (470)

Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program (480)

Building and Fire Research Laboratory (860)

Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (830)

Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (810)

Information Technology Laboratory (890)

Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (820)

Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (850)

Physics Laboratory (840)

Technology Services (200)

Appendix 1: International Agreements

Appendix 2: Organizational Chart

Appendix 3: Abbreviations
i
International Affairs (109)

Contact Point: Dr. Claire M. Saundry

The mission of the Office of International Affairs (OIA) is to provide advice on international science and

technology affairs, including the management of international programs, and the interpretation of foreign

policy guidelines set by the Departments of State and Commerce; serve as liaison between NIST and the

international science and technology offices of other Government agencies, foreign governments and

international bodies; provide NIST representation on various delegations to international meetings and on

committees; manage NIST bilateral and multilateral cooperative programs; represent the Director in the

negotiations of international agreements; serve as the focal point for foreign visitors and guest

researchers; provide assistance to NIST travelers visiting foreign laboratories and institutions; and arrange

for NIST services to users in friendly countries (15 U.S.C. 273).

International Agreements Signed in Fiscal Years 1997 & 1998

Canada

On October 15, 1997 Dr. Richard Wright, Director, Building Fire and Research Laboratory, signed an Agreement with the Institute for Research in Construction of the National Research Council for

cooperation in areas of common interest. The Agreement remains in effect for two years.

Egypt

On December 16, 1996 Robert Hebner, Acting Deputy Director, NIST, and Venice Gouda, Minister of

Scientific Research, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for cooperation in the measurement

sciences and standards-related activities between NIST and the Egyptian National Institute of Standards.

This MOU will provide a mechanism for scientific and technical cooperation in chemistry, physics, and

engineering measurement sciences, standards-related measures, and conformity assessment. This MOU

will remain in effect for five years.

Germany

A Cooperative Project among NIST, Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe (FIZ) and Gmelin-Institute fur

Anorganische Chemie der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaflen was signed on June

24, 1997. The purpose of the Project is to develop a crystallographic structural database for inorganic

substances. The Project expires on December 31, 2002.

Italy

On October 10, 1996 the Physics Laboratory signed an Implementing Agreement (IA) with the Istituto

Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris (lEN) and the Politecnico di Torino (PT) to develop a set of

cesium-fountain frequency standards (atomic clocks). The lA remains in effect for five years.

1
Japan

On February 17, 1997 an Implementing Agreement was signed with the National Aerospace Laboratory / Kakuda Research Center to compare measurement techniques to determine the thermal conductivity of

ceramic coatings on metallic substrates. The lA falls under the U.S.-Japan Agreement for Science and

Technology and remains in effect for two years.

The Consignment Agreement with the Real World Computing Partnership of the Ministry of International

Trade and Industry (MITI) was renewed on March 14, 1997 by Judson French, Director, Electronics and

Electrical Engineering Laboratory for one year. The Agreement is for a joint optoelectronics project.

NIST's role in this project is to select, supervise and control the U.S. Broker (facilitator between the user with a novel design and the suppliers who perform fabrication). The Agreement was renewed again on

March 31, 1998 for another year.

A Record of Discussion (R of D) with the National Research Laboratory of Metrology was signed on

March 27, 1997. The R of D describes the continuing intercomparisons of hardness standards conducted

in the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory.

An R of D with the National Institute of Materials and Chemistry was signed on January 12, 1998. The R

of D describes the continuing research on quantitative surface analysis for catalysts by electron

spectroscopy in the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory.

Kazakstan

On November 26, 1996 Robert Hebner, Acting Deputy Director, NIST, signed a Memorandum of

Understanding (MOU) with the Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. This MOU

will provide a mechanism for scientific and technical cooperation in the fields of standards and metrology.

This MOU will remain in effect for five years.

Mexico

In Mexico City, on December 3, 1996, Robert Hebner, Acting Deputy Director, NIST, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between NIST and the National Council for Science and

Technology (CONACYT), the Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Development (SECOFI) and the

National Center for Metrology (CENAM). The MOU provides a mechanism for technical cooperation in

chemistry, physics, engineering measurement sciences, standards related activities and interchange of

technical information and experiences. This MOU remains in effect for five years.

The Netherlands

On September 22, 1997 Hratch Semerjian, Director, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory,

renewed a Declaration of Equivalence for primary standard gas mixtures with the Netherlands

Measurement Institute (NMi). The Declaration was renewed again July 13, 1998 and remains in effect

until July 30, 1999.

2
New Zealand

On July 18, 1997 the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) exchanged letters

extending the MOU to provide for mutual recognition between the International Accreditation New

Zealand (lANZ), formally the Testing Laboratory Registration Council ofNew Zealand (TELARC), and

NIST of testing laboratories that are accredited under laboratory accreditation systems administered by

lANZ and NIST. The agreement does not confer recognition upon lANZ under Accreditation Body

Evaluation Program (ABEP) and Fastener Quality Act (FQA), The MOU remained in effect until July 1 7,

1998.

Russia

An Implementing Agreement (lA) to the MOU with the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) was signed

with the Institute of Crystallography of the RAS on March 28, 1997. The lA is for cooperation to study

neutron and X-ray reflectivity properties of the structure and mechanism of formation of

Langmuir-Blodgett films. The lA remains in effect for three years.

An lA with the Russian State Metrological and Certification Analytical Center (ANTECH), a unit of the

Russian State Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (GOSSTANDART) for

cooperation on the NIST X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy database was signed August 20, 1997. The

Agreement remained in effect for one year.

On March 23, 1998 the English language version of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the

GOSSTANDART for cooperation in standards, conformity and metrology was signed. The MOU remains

in effect for five years.

Saudi Arabia

On May 22, 1997 Robert Hebner signed an MOU with the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO)

for technical cooperation in standards and related activities. The MOU remains in effect until July 28,

2000.

Soutli Africa

In September 1997 Robert Hebner signed the Recognition of Equivalence of the National Standards of the

United States and the Republic of South Afiica for the SI Unit of Luminous Intensity with the CSIR.

On May 19, 1998 an MOU was signed by Deputy Secretary of Commerce Robert Mallett on behalf of

NIST with the CSIR for cooperation in implementing Manufacturing Extension Partnership like programs

in South Afiica. The MOU remains in effect until August 22, 2001.

South Korea

Project Annex D to the MOU with the Korea Telecom Research and Development Group of Korea

Telecommunications Authority was signed on April 9, 1997. The Project is for research on Asynchronous

Transfer Mode / Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (ATM/BISDN) Conformance / Interoperability Testing. The Project remained in effect for one year.

3
Multilateral

On October 1, 1996 the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory signed a Statement of Intent with

the Danish Institute of Fundamental Metrology and the Hungarian National Office of Measures on the

intercomparison of electrolytic conductivity solutions. The agreement remains in effect until January 1,

1999.

On December 10, 1997 Ray Kammer signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) with the Asian

Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC). A reassessment ofthis Arrangement will take

place approximately every four years. This agreement supercedes the NVLAP Agreement with lANZ of

New Zealand.

On September 2, 1998 Commerce Secretary William Daley signed a Memorandum of Understanding

(MOU) for the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) on behalf of NIST with

France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Japan, Germany, and the European Union. The MOU remains

in effect for five years.

Bilateral Cooperative Activities

American Institute in Taiwan

Under an agreement between the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) and the Taipei Economic and

Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), formerly the Coordination Council for

North American Affairs, NIST and the National Science Coimcil (NSC) of Taiwan have been working

together for over twenty years. In 1996, AIT and TECRO negotiated new Guidelines for Cooperation

between NIST and NSC which now include cooperation with the Industrial Technology Research Institute

(ITRI) in Taipei. These Guidelines were established to provide a mechanism for continued cooperation in

the physical sciences between scientists fi-om the territory represented by AIT and the territory represented

by TECRO. The "Taiwan Relations Act" (Public Law 96-8, April 10, 1979) authorizes the continuation of

commercial, cultural and other relations between the people ofthe United States and the people on

Taiwan. Such relations are conducted by or through AIT, a nonprofit corporation, incorporated under the

laws of the District of Columbia. TECRO is the instrument which provides assurances and takes actions

on behalf of the people of Taiwan. The new Guidelines were signed by AIT and TECRO in January 1997.

Under the AIT -TECRO Guidelines an Implementing Arrangement for cooperation in the field of

nanotechnology was signed on December 15, 1998 which involves the Precision Engineering Division of

the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory ofNIST and the Precision Instrument and Design Center of

Taiwan's NSC.

Argentina

NIST continues its work with the National Institute for Industrial Technology (INTI) and the Secretariat of

Science & Technology (SECyT) through workshops in metrology and standards, the exchange of technical

experts and a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the SECyT. The MOU was signed June 3,

1994 and remains in effect for five years. Argentina is also a member with the NIST in the Interamerican

System of Metrology (SIM). See Multilateral listing for more information on SIM.

4
Brazil

NIST has supported bilateral activities with the National Metrology and Standards Institute of Brazil

(INMETRO). This support has included technical experts from NIST participating in special seminars and

workshops. NIST and INMETRO have actively worked together with the Organization of American States

(OAS) and Mexico's national laboratory, the National Center for Metrology (CENAM), to promote

metrology in the Americas. Technical experts from NIST, supported in part by OIA, participated in the

Advanced School for Metrology: Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement conference sponsored by

INMETRO, the CAPES Foundation, the National Research Council of Brazil and the Brazilian Society of

Metrology.

On April 18, 1997 at the U.S.-Brazil Forum NIST and INMETRO discussed future activities to enhance

cooperation under the MOU between the two National Measurement Institutes (NMIs). One activity is to

provide technical assistance to INMETRO in their effort to set up a Standard Reference Materials Program

in Brazil. NIST agreed to continue supporting an exchange program between NIST and FNMETRO to

bring INMETRO scientists to work in NIST laboratories. Brazil agreed to put on workshop for the U.S.

delegation similar to a NIST Standards in Training (SIT) workshop.

Costa Rica

As a part of the effort to sfrengthen the SIM activities in the Americas, NIST has worked very closely with

the Oficina Nacional de Normas y Unidades de Medida (ONNUM) in Costa Rica. Costa Rica, like many

ofthe countries in Central America, is focusing much of its effort on legal metrology rather than scientific

mefrology. In support of this effort, NIST has provided technical experts to participate in regional

workshops hosted by ONNUM on packaging and labeling.

Egypt

Under the Science and Technology Agreements with the Governments of Bosnia, Croatia, the Czech

Republic, Egypt, Hungary, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Poland, the Slovak Republic,

Slovenia, and Spain, the United States and the participating countries had contributed equally each year to

joint funds which supported activities. For each agreement, a Joint Board was established which was

responsible for the technical review ofjoint proposals. Project awards were made on a competitive basis.

While Egypt and Spain are still active, in the current tight budget climate no new funds have been

designated for Bosnia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia.

These programs were not established to provide the primary source of funds for domestic research, rather,

these funds were intended to support add on costs of bilateral cooperation, such as transportation,

equipment, per diem and modest salary support for the foreign scientists, and to provide for exchange

visits with U.S. collaborating scientists. Each project required a U.S. and foreign participant. The role of

the foreign scientist was that of Principal Investigator with the U.S. participating scientist serving as an

active research partner. The U.S. scientist also had primary responsibility for evaluating the scientific

progress and merit of the proposal for the United States.

Under these programs, most awards were made for three years, with an annual payment based on the

original proposal. When a project was approved, funds for all years of support were set aside by the

5
financial managers, and years two and three were paid out annually if progress on the research project was

satisfactory. Financial support for the U.S. partner was usually limited to travel and per diem.

The Joint Fund programs with Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia are focused more on direct interactions between

institutes in each country and U.S. institutions rather than interactions at the government to government

level. The Joint Fimd program with Bosnia was never initiated. The Joint Fund programs with Spain and

Egypt are active. The activities ofthe Egypt Joint Fund Boards are found below. The activities of the

other Joint Boards can be found under their country heading in this section.

Under the auspices ofthe U.S.-Egypt Agreement for Cooperation in Science and Technology, NIST signed

a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Egyptian National Institute for Standards (NIS) at the

December 1996 meeting ofthe U.S.-Egypt Joint Science and Technology Board. To date, cooperation has

focused on workshops, training in Measurement Assurance Programs and short-term exchange visits.

At the meeting of the Joint Board in June 1997 Meeting, 25 awards were made to support U.S.-Egypt S&T

cooperation. NIST received two of those awards, one to conduct a needs assessment of the Metal Industry,

and one to support Project Development Visits. To date, the OIAA has supported three project

development visits and funds are still available for interested parties who wish to explore the potential for

developing cooperative projects with researchers in Egypt. In addition NIST received funds to support a Workshop in Chemical Metrology and continue activities which were identified as priorities at the June

1996 workshop on Metrology, Standards and Conformity Assessment.

With funding from the Joint S&T Board, NIST supported a five-day workshop in Egypt on the

establishment and implementation of Measurement Assurance Programs (MAP) and Electrical

Measurement Round Robins in June 1997. This workshop involved public and private sector

representatives and served to encourage Egyptian Industry, especially the private sector, to utilize and

work closely with the Egyptian NIS. The first Measurement Assurance Program in the area of DC Voltage

and Resistance was in early 1998. We hope to expand the MAP effort in 1998/1999.

European Union

OIAA and Directorate General XII (DGXII) ofthe European Commission have initiated a project to

coordinate metrology efforts between NIST and the coimtries ofthe European Union (EU). The purpose

ofthis project is to address traceability issues and ultimately enable industries from both sides to sell their

products in each other's markets without restrictions. This cooperation will also allow regulatory bodies

easy access to the results of comparisons between NIST and European NMIs in order to justify mutual

acceptance oftheir measurement results.

While cooperation between NIST and European National Metrology Laboratories has had a long and

mutually beneficial tradition, much of this collaboration takes the form of bilateral activities and is not

coordinated with the EU. Recently cooperation has been strengthened by formation of the regional

metrology organizations NORAMET and EUROMET. These bilateral and regional collaborations have

led to a high degree of harmonization between measurements in Europe and in the United States, and

equivalence between the involved institutions is today largely documented. However, this technical

collaboration is not fully utilized in support of trade or meeting certain regulatory requirements.

6
The NIST-EU project will address all measurement quantities relevant for trade between United States and

the EU as well as quantities important for public health, safety, and the environment. The first areas to be

addressed are avionics, environmental protection, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, electromagnetic

compatibility and interference, and occupational health and safety.

As a first step, OIAA developed a laboratory wide International Comparisons Database. The next step was

development of a more detailed database that included data fi-om the laboratories involved in the

intercomparison and information regarding uncertainties associated with the measurements. The database

project has now been expanded to include participation fi"om our partner NMI's in the EU. Another part of

this project was the preparation of two case studies to evaluate the measurement needs to meet regulatory

requirements. The two areas focused on in the case studies were Avionics and Electromagnetic

Interference (EMI). The two case studies will be made available on the WEB. This part of the project was

supported through the NIST and the EU, and was overseen by a steering committee with representatives

fi-om eight of the EU member NMI's. The Director of OIAA represented NIST. The project was completed

in October 1998. Now the project is focused on providing NMI's with the capability to predict future

international comparison needs. The timescale for completion of the expanded project is 2000. The

expanded project will continue under the auspices of the NIST-EU Memorandum of Understanding that is currently going through the approval processes within the United States and the EU.

The NIST EU Memorandum of Understanding with the Directorate General CII (DGXII) of the EU will

provide a fi-amework for scientific and technical cooperation in standards and metrology. Cooperation

under the MOU will demonstrate the degree of comparability of equivalent measurements made in each of

the NMI's in the countries of the EU. NIST initiated this dialogue to develop a plan to address

comparability and traceability issues and ultimately enable industries fi"om both sides to sell their products

in each other's markets without restriction. This cooperation will allow regulatory bodies easy access to

the results of comparisons between NIST and EU NMIs in order to justify mutual acceptance of their

measurement results. Between the United States and the EU, bilateral and regional collaboration has led to a high degree of harmonization of measurements and comparability among the involved institutions.

However, this technical collaboration is not fiilly utilized in support of trade or meeting certain regulatory

requirements. The MOU will be signed in FY 1999.

Finland

NIST is exploring a collaboration with Finland in the area of telecommunication research. Toward this

end the Director of OIAA had discussions with Nokia, the Helsinki telephone company in August 1998.

Ghana

NIST provides Ghana with technical support in the area of standards and measurement infi-astructure

development. This support may take the form of technical expert travel to Ghana, providing Standard

Reference Materials, or calibrations, and is supported through a loan to Ghana fi-om the World Bank.

Haiti

In August 1998, OIAA participated in a mission to assess the standards and metrology needs of Haiti. The

mission found that there is increasing awareness in developing countries such as Haiti of the importance of

having a standards and metrology system. Creating a marketplace where products produced and sold meet

7
specified levels of quality, safety and environmental health can enhance the economic development of

such countries.

A standards and metrology system can enhance the reputation of locally made products by assuring buyers

that such products meet specified levels of quality and safety. This system allows domestic producers to

compete more effectively, not only in their own market, but also in the international marketplace.

Such a system can also encourage foreign investment by reputable companies by "leveling the playing

field" for products sold domestically. The knowledge that all domestically sold products and services

must meet specified quality and safety levels can provide investors with some assurance that their

marketplace share will not be eroded by competition fi"om unsafe products or products of inferior quality

which can be priced more cheaply.

Hungary

In May 1997 the U.S.-Hungary Joint Board on Scientific and Technological Cooperation and technical

representatives fi-om Hungary and the United States met in Tihany, Hungary. The joint board approved

funding for 18 new projects, postponed 5 projects and declined 64 projects. NIST scientists were named

as the U.S. Principal Investigator on two of the projects. At the Joint Board meeting held in Washington

on May 26, 1998 no new projects were funded. The U.S.-Hungary Joint Fund Board has shifted focus to

encourage more institute to institute activities. In support of this goal NIST hosted representatives fi-om

the Hungarian Office of Measures after the Board meeting to acquaint them with activities at NIST. For

more background on the Joint Fund Programs with Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia,

Croatia, Slovakia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bosnia, Egypt, and Spain please see the

listing under the Egypt heading.

India

The U.S.-India Cooperative Science and Technology (S&T) Program has been one ofthe U.S.

Government's largest and most successful international S&T activities. Currently, there are about 200

active S&T projects supported by the U.S.- India Fimd (USIF) in a wide range of research areas involving over twenty agencies of the U.S. Government. This fund was established in 1987 through an agreement

between the United States and India to utilize $1 10,000,000 of U.S. rupees (former PL480 rupees) for

scientific, cultural and educational cooperation. Two thirds of the funding is dedicated to S&T

cooperation, and one-third to education and cultural exchanges. The USIF expired on January 7, 1998 but

projects funded under the USIF will continue until completed. An interagency group has been discussing

setting up a Forum for Science and Technology among other possibilities with the funds remaining in the

USIF. These discussions have been suspended.

In light ofthe May 1998 nuclear explosive tests, the U.S. Government has been conducting a review of its

science and technology relationship with India. In this context, a nimiber of factors have been examined,

including the role of particular entities or research projects in the areas concerning proliferation.

Israel

NIST serves as one of the three U.S. Govenmient representatives and the only U.S. technical

representative on the U.S.-Israel Binational Industrial Research and Development (BIRD) Foundation

8
Board of Governors which must approve all grants made by the Foundation. The OIAA provides

administration of the technical review and selection process for proposals submitted to the U.S.-Israel

BIRD Foundation Board.

The BIRD mission is to stimulate, promote and support industrial R&D of mutual benefit to the United

States and Israel. BIRD supports U.S.-Israel company partnerships dedicated to developing and

commercializing non-defense-related innovative products or processes. The conditional grants are paid

directly to the participating companies. BIRD funds 50 percent of the companies' expenses in developing

a product to the stage of commercial readiness. BIRD funding is provided in the form of a conditional

grant, which does not entitle BIRD to equity or intellectual property rights. If the project is a corrmiercial

success, BIRD receives repayments — a pretax expense to the grantee ~ up to a maximum of 150 percent

ofthe conditional grant.

Financial support for BIRD is derived from two sources: interest earned on the $110 million endowment

granted in equal parts by the United States and Israeli governments, and repayment income from

companies participating in successfiil BIRD-ftmded projects.

The U.S.-Israel BIRD Board meets two times each year in the summer and the winter. At the December

12, 1996 meeting 21 proposals, reviewed by NIST staff, were presented to the Board. Sixteen of these

proposals were approved for funding by the BIRD Board. At the July 10, 1997 meeting of the U.S.-Israel

BIRD Board of Governors one proposal was withdrawn and 14 of the proposals were approved for

funding. At the December 17, 1997 meeting, 16 of 19 proposals were approved for funding, one was

withdrawn and 2 were declined. And at the June 15, 1998 meeting 13 of 15 proposals were approved for

fimding.

Japan

OIAA met with representatives of ETL and NRLM to develop an Implementing Agreement (lA) under the

U.S. - Japan Science and Technology Agreement for cooperation on measurement science. The lA

provides a framework for scientific and technical research in metrology that demonstrates the degree of

comparability between the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) of the Ministry of

International Trade and Industry (MITI) of Japan. The implementing laboratories for the lA are National

Research Laboratory of Metrology (NRLM), the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) and the National

Institute of Materials and Chemistry (NIMC). After formal approval by each other's governments, AIST

and NIST plan to sign the L\ in FY 1999.

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYR of Macedonia)

In October 1995 NIST was a member of the delegation negotiating a Science and Technology Agreement

for joint fimd activities with the FYR of Macedonia. This was the first agreement signed by these two

countries since the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia. Since the signing NIST has been collecting and

managing the review process for the proposals in the engineering category. The agreement was ratified by

the FYR of Macedonia government and the first meeting of the Joint Board meeting was held in Ochre,

FYR of Macedonia in October 1996.

9
For more background on the Joint Fund Programs with Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia,

Croatia, Slovakia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bosnia, Egypt and Spain please see the

listing under the Egypt heading.

Mexico

In December 1996, NIST renewed its five year MOU with the National Council for Science and

Technology (CONACYT), the Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Development (SECOFI) and the

National Center for Metrology (CENAM) of the United Mexican States concerning technical cooperation

in chemistry, physics, and engineering measurement sciences, standards related activities and interchange

of technical information and experiences.

In order to insure that mutually beneficial programs are being developed in an integrated effort, NIST,

CONACYT, SECOFI and CENAM held a coordinating and plaiming meeting in February 1997 in

Queretaro, Mexico. This meeting included participants fi-om other Mexican organizations, namely, the

Secretary of Education (SEP), U.S. -Mexico Foundation, and SEP-CONACYT Centers, who had special

arrangements with our Mexican counterparts in the same areas as identified in the recently signed MOU.

This meeting produced a definitive list of projects for the next two years. The areas agreed upon included

a post-doctoral program, exchange visits and training, workshops, joint research projects, collaboration on

standards and conformity assessment issues, legal metrology, laboratory accreditation, information

management, cooperation on international standards-related issues, information dissemination and

exchange, intercomparisons, and training in high priority areas of chemical metrology.

NIST continues to provide technical assistance to support the World Bank on its expiring Science and

Technology infi-astructure loan to Mexico for CONACYT, CENAM, Director General for Standards

(DGN)/SECOFI and the Mexican Institute for Industrial Property (IMPI). Also, assistance is being

provided to the World Bank in two other loans, namely, the second phase ofthe science and technology

infi"astructure loan with emphases on technology development, and a new loan concerning industrial

enhancement. NIST is providing technical assistance to the Inter-American Development Bank who is fiinding an infi*astructure development loan for the Instituto de Fundicion y Maquinado de Jalisco that is establishing a dimensional metrology service center. NIST continues its interactions with CENAM

through scientist exchanges, training oftechnical staff, co-hosting seminars, and through technical

workshops in Mexico. NIST scientists and engineers continue to provide technical assistance to CENAM

and the Center's infi-astructure development.

During the past two years NIST and SECOFI have exchanged several visits oftechnical staff and

administrative staff. The technical staff learned about the U.S. legal metrology system and, in addition,

obtained ideas for establishing a similar system in Mexico. This visit also provided the staff with the

opportunity to learn about the U.S. National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP), the

accrediting system operating in the United States for calibration and testing laboratories.

NIST and CONACYT continue cooperating in the Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program that was developed

as part ofthe MOU. Discussions have been conducted regarding NIST's technical assistance to

CONACYT on establishing manufacturing technology centers and on establishing legal metrology

laboratories with DON and CENAM.

10
NIST, in cooperation with the Foreign Commercial Service (FCS) of the International Trade

Administration (ITA) in the Department of Commerce, has established a Standards in Trade office at the

U.S. Embassy in Mexico City to work with Mexico in identifying standards that could be technical

barriers to trade.

NIST scientists participated in a workshop on Statistics in Metrology as part of a series of workshops on

industrial statistics sponsored by the Centre Investigacion de Mathematica (CIMAT) in Guanajuato,

Mexico. Staff members fi"om NIST, CIMAT and the Centro Nacional de Metrolologia (CENAM)

presented a week-long program on principles of measurement, statistical thinking, design of calibration

experiments, control of measurement processes, reliability, and uncertainty analysis with emphasis on

electrical and temperature measurements. The program attracted engineers fi-om several U.S. companies

with facilities in Mexico, as well as metrologists from Mexican laboratories.

Palestinian Autliority

In 1997 a scientist from the Palestine Standards Organization received standards training as part of their

participation in a Standards in Trade Workshop.

Poland

In September 1997 the U.S.-Poland Joint Board on Scientific and Technological Cooperation met in

Warsaw, Poland. The joint board decided to finance 28 project proposals and decline 32 proposals. NIST

scientists were listed as the U.S. Principal Investigator on three of the projects. The next meeting of the

Joint Fund Board was held in September 1998. At this meeting the Board agreed to fund 28 project

proposals, three other proposals were provisionally funded pending further review and 30 proposals were

declined. NIST scientists were the primary U.S. investigators on four of these proposals. No new projects

will be solicited under the fund unless new sources of funding are identified. For more background on the

Joint Fund Programs with Poland, Himgary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Former

Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bosnia, Egypt and Spain please see the listing imder the Egypt heading.

Russia

Under the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between NIST and the Russian Academy of Sciences

(RAS) for scientific and technical cooperation in the physical, chemical and engineering sciences,

cooperative activities may include exchanges of scientists, information, seminars and joint research

activities. This includes provisions for the exchange of scientists, exchange of scientific and technical

information and documentation, joint meetings and seminars, and joint projects. OLAA coordinates and

provides support for the exchange of scientists on a receiving-side-pays basis. The total length of stay is limited to six person-months. Scientific exchanges are carried out under the principle of mutual benefit

and equality. The Director of OlAA visited the RAS in August 1998 to work with them on plans for the

celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the NIST-RAS MOU.

South Africa

At the 1996 meeting ofthe Science and Technology Subcommittee of the Gore-Mbecki Binational

Commission, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) signed an Agreement with the

South Afiican CSIR on technical cooperation in chemistry, physics, and engineering measurement

11
sciences. The purpose of this Agreement is to promote science and technology cooperation in chemistry,

physics and engineering measurement sciences between NIST and CSIR. Since CSIR has become the

"Gateway Metrology" laboratory for the region, this Agreement may also be useful in promoting the

Department's interests in the entire South African region which is growing economically.

A delegation from CSIR visited NIST to discuss cooperation with the Manufacturing Extension

Partnership (MEP) Program in April 1997. While in Gaithersburg, the group spent the day with MEP

learning about NIST management of the program, evaluation techniques, and review criteria. The

delegation also visited two regional Manufacturing Technology Centers supported through the MEP

program. They investigated the possibility of partnerships with these centers and training opportunities

for South Africans. The delegation from CSIR returned in March 1998. At the March meeting, the two

sides prepared an Annex to the NIST-CSIR MOU on Manufacturing Technology Cooperation. Deputy

Secretary of Commerce Mallet signed this Aimex during his visit to South Africa in May 1998. This

Aimex provides a framework for cooperation the development of services and support for small and

medium manufacturing enterprises in South Africa. Participants in this activity include: NIST MEP, the

Thunderbird Foundation, the Industry Network Corporation, the Chicago Manufacturing Center, the

Modernization Forum, the International Executive Services Corporation, and the National Science

Foundation. The following areas were identified as priorities for cooperation: international networks for

business to business and institutional linkages; training and education in support of service provision to

manufacturing Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs); assessment of the efficiency of support to

manufacturing SMEs and the institutional framework to provide such support; best practices for extension

services; specific tools and methods for extension services; competitiveness enhancement; program design

evaluation; feasibility analysis and replication.

It is envisaged that a feasibility study on establishing an East Rand Manufacturing Advisory Center will be

the first such project. A delegation from CSIR plans to visit the United States in September 1998 to begin

implementation ofthis activity.

The Aimex on Manufacturing Extension was the second Armex to the NIST agreement with CSIR. The

first Annex was signed last year during the 50th Celebration of the CSIR's National Measurement

Laboratory. At that time, NIST and CSIR signed a historic statement of mutual equivalence for their

comparative measurements ofthe Unit of the Candela.

Five representatives ofNIST participated in the 50th Anniversary Celebration of the National Mefrology

Laboratory, CSIR in August 1997. While in South Afiica, they used the opportunity to explore new

project development. In addition, NIST staff provided CSIR technical advice concerning establishing a chemical mefrology system within South Africa.

The Deputy Director of the Building and Fire Research Laboratory visited South Afiica in April/May 1997

for an international conference. While there, he used the opportunity to meet with his coimterparts to

discuss potential cooperation in the area of building and construction.

In July 1997, the President of CSIR visited NIST to explore the potential for cooperation in material

sciences. During his visit to the United States, he also visited General Electric to discuss cooperation in

material sciences. He also indicated interest in continuing cooperative activities in manufacturing

technology.

12
A guest researcher from the University of Cape Town began a year-long appointment at NIST in July to

study the properties of quasi-crystalline materials. NIST expects two additional CSIR staff members from

the National Measurement Laboratory will be guest researchers in the NIST Electronics and Electrical

Engineering Laboratory in the near fiiture.

Spain

In the fall of 1997, the Department of State and the Foreign Ministry of Spain announced a call for

proposals under the Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, which entered into force in

1996. The Joint Board met in Madrid March 16-17, 1998 to consider the 332 proposals received for

funding. At the Joint Board meeting 36 of the proposals were funded. A NIST scientist was the primary

investigator on one of the proposals. For more background on the Joint Fund Programs with Poland,

Himgary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,

Bosnia, Egypt and Spain please see the listing imder the Egypt heading.

Turkey

NIST provides Ulusal Metroloji Enstitusii (UME) Tiibitak Marmara Arastirma Merkezi, Turkey's NMI,

with technical support in the area of standards and measurement infrastructure development. This support

may take the form of technical expert travel to Turkey, providing Standard Reference Materials or

calibrations, and is supported through a loan to Turkey from the World Bank.

Vietnam

As part ofthe U.S. policy of engagement with Vietnam, the Department of State led an effort to establish

linkages in the area of science and technology. Toward that end, the Department of State led a delegation

to Vietnam in October 1996 to evaluate the prospects for S&T cooperation, with a particular emphasis on

activities that will promote fruitful commercial linkages. OIAA represented NIST on the delegation that

included representatives from the Patent and Trademark Office, the National Institutes of Health, the

National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Conunission, the Arms

Control and Disarmament Agency and the House of Representative's Science Committee staff. Members

ofthe delegation had opportimities to visit facilities and counterpart institutions.

Multilateral Cooperative Activities

Regional program activities

Over the last 40 years five Regional Mefrology Organizations (RMOs) have been created: the European

Metrology Program (EUROMET), the Central and Eastern Europe Metrology Program (COOMET), the

Interamerican Metrology System (SIM), the Asia-Pacific Metrology Program (APMP), and the Southern

African Development Cooperation in Metrology (SADCMET); and one is in the process of forming— the

Middle East and North Africa Metrology Program (MENAMET). The RMOs were created to promote

regional cooperation in metrology, which has important implications for trade within regions. With the

Mutual Recognition Arrangement proposed by the organs of the Convention du Metre, the role of the

RMOs takes on a new and increasing critical role in global trade issues especially in the area of technical

barriers to trade (TBT). Through the RMOs, the United States is able to leverage its activities and dollars

with countries through the world. For example, when NIST conducts a comparison with South Africa we

13
are connected through the Southern African Development Cooperation in Metrology (SADCMET) to other

countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

For the United States, NIST participates in Interamerican System of Metrology (SIM). This is the

mefrology organization ofthe Americas. It was formed in 1979 and is comprised of 34 countries in five

subregions, NORAMET, ANDIMET, CAMET, CARIMET, and SURAMET. Dr. B. Stephen Carpenter,

Director, Office of International and Academic Affairs (OIAA), chairs the Technical Committee, one of the

steering committees of SIM, and serves as the technical advisor to SIM. NIST staff also chairs several of

the working groups of the Technical Committee.

NIST interacts with the different regional metrology organizations both on a bilateral basis with the

countries in each RMO and on a regional basis through the Joint Committee for Regional Mefrology

Organizations and the BIPM. NIST recently worked to promote the formation of a new RMO for Northern

Africa and the Middle East.

Interamerican System of Metrology (SIM)

(includes NORAMET, ANDIMET, CAMET, CARIMET, SURAMET)

Antigua & Barbuda

Argentina

Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Bolivia

Brazil

Canada

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Dominica

Ecuador

El Salvador

Grenada

Guatemala

Peru

Dominican Republic

St. Kitts & Nevis

St. Lucia

St. Vincent &

Grenadines

Suriname

Trinidad & Tobago

United States

Uruguay

Venezuela

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Jamaica

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

European Union Metrologv Program (EUROMET)

Austria

Belgium

Czech Republic

Denmark (including

Greenland)

European

Commission

Finland

France

Italy

Luxembourg

The Netherlands

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

freland

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Republic

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

United Kingdom

14
Asia-Pacific Metrology Program (APMP)

Australia

Bangladesh

China

Fiji

Hong Kong

hidia

Indonesia

Japan

Korea

Malaysia

Nepal

New Zealand

Pakistan

Papua New Guinea

Philippines

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Taiwan

Thailand

Vietnam

Egypt, Associate

South Africa, Associate

Syria, Associate

Southern African Development Cooperation in Metrology (SADCMET )

Angola

Botswana

Lesotho

Malawi

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

South Africa

Swaziland

Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Central and Eastern Europe Metrology Program (COOMET)

Bulgaria

Russia

Czech Republic

Slovak Republic

Poland

Romania

Germany

Cuba

Middle East and North Africa Metrology Program (MENAMET ) (Proposed)

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt

Israel

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Morocco

Oman

Palestinian Authority

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Tunisia

United Arab Emirates

Yemen

15
U.S. /Israel/Jordan Trilateral Industrial Development Initiative (TRIDE)

As part of the Peace Process in the Middle East, the Governments ofthe United States, Israel and Jordan

have contributed equal funds to form the pilot TRIDE Initiative. The purpose ofthe TRIDE Initiative is to

help private sector firms form strategic partnerships to develop a commercial product of mutual benefit to

all three countries. NIST represents the United States on the Board of Governors of TRIDE. In the past

two years two projects have been reviewed at NIST and have been initiated by the U.S.-Israel Binational

Industrial Research and Development Foundation for the Governments ofthe three countries. NIST is currently working with the U.S. State Department on the second grant to BIRD to run the TRIDE program

on planning future activities. A meeting of the TRIDE Board of Governors is scheduled to take place in

Jerusalem in December 1998.

G7 Global Information Society Global Inventory Pilot Project (GIP)

NIST also participates in the G7 Global Information Society Global Inventory Pilot Project (GIP) which

links distributed National and International inventories of projects, studies and other activities to enable

cooperation in achieving the "Information Society." The partners in this activity include the G7 Countries

plus others with National Inventories and several non-government organizations. The Information

Technology Laboratory at NIST is the U.S. Contact.

Afiica became involved in this effort in January 1998 when, at the January 12 GIP Steering Committee

teleconference, Mrs. Bounemra from the UN presented the African Information Society Initiative (AISI).

This initiative is an Action Framework to Build Africa's Information and Communication Infrastructure

adopted in May 1996. A database is being established to monitor the progress of the implementation ofthe

information society in Africa. The members ofthe GIP Steering Committee embraced this project and will

facilitate its development and dissemination through the Web and perhaps with the creation of CD-ROMs

for use in remote areas where stand-alone computers are available. This database is expected to become

part of the global GIP.

Workshops and Conferences

OIAA supported interactions and travel of NIST experts to places all over the world including China,

Russia, India, South America, Central America, Former Yugoslavia, Egypt, and the Caribbean. These

interactions support NIST efforts to eliminate technical barriers to trade, harmonize standards and

metrology, and promote comparability of measurement capability that supports a global economy.

International Committee Participation

In 1997 NIST professional staff held memberships in 142 international committees in 28 international

standards organizations. Activities of committees on which NIST staff hold lead positions are indicted in

the specific operating unit chapters. For a complete listing of memberships and activities, refer to the

NIST publication. Directory of DOC Staff Memberships on Outside Standards Committees.

16
Visitors

OIAA serves as the focal point for foreign visitors and arranges for NIST services to users in friendly

countries. OIAA identifies areas of mutual interest of the visiting scientists and NIST programs and

coordinates presentations by NIST staff that emphasize these mutual interests and foster international

cooperation. NIST hosted a total of 925 foreign visitors from 64 different countries in fiscal year 1997,

and in fiscal 1998 NIST hosted 817 foreign visitors from 71 different countries. The majority of these

visits were coordinated by OIAA.

Fiscal 1997

Argentina 1 France 13 Kyrgyzstan 2 South Afiica 12

Armenia 3 Gulf Coordination T,atin America 25 Swpden 22

Australia 7 Council 5 Lithuania 1 Switzerland 3

Austria 4 Georgia 3 Macao 1 Taiwan 32

Belgium 5 Germany 33 Mexico 11 Tajikistan 1 Brazil 31 Ghana 4 Moldova 1 Thailand 6

Bulgaria 1 Greece 2 Netherlands g TiX Ulirlcm1^1enllOi stan LOll 1 Canada 10 Hungary 12 New Zealand 2 USA

Chile 2 India 17 Peru 2 (non-citi7ens^ 22

China 236 Indonesia 10 Philippines 9 Ukraine 12

Croatia 1 Israel 15 Poland 7 United KJ 11.1 bV/XJ- Cuba 1 Italy 1 Portugal 1 Kingdom 4

Czech Republic 2 Jamaica 2 Russia 42 Uzbekistan 3

Denmark 7 Japan 16 Saudi Arabia 5 Various 25

Egypt 3 Jordan 8 Singapore 4 Venezuela 3

England 7 Kazakstan 5 Slovakia 1 West Bank/

Finland 1 Korea 45 Slovenia 1 Gaza Strin 1

Fiscal Year 1998

Argentina 3 Denmark 3 Japan 109 Philippines 7

Armenia 2 Ecuador 2 Jordan 1 Republic of

Ausfralia 9 Egypt 4 Kazakstan 1 Georgia 4

Austria 7 Finland 5 Korea 24 Romania 5

Azerbaijan 2 France 30 Kyrgyzstan 4 Russia 56

Bahrain 1 Germany 51 Lithuania 1 Saudi Arabia 5

Bangladesh 1 Greece 1 Malaysia 4 Serbia 1 Belgium 7 Guatemala 2 Mexico 11 Singapore 11

Bosnia 5 Haiti 1 Moldova 6 South Afiica 7

Brazil 9 Hungary 5 Netherlands 8 Spain 1 Brunei 1 India 6 New Zealand 5 Sri Lanka 1 Canada 4 Indonesia 12 Nicaragua 1 Sweden 30

Chile 15 Ireland 1 Norway 1 Taiwan 35

China 142 Israel 15 Palestine 1 Tajikistan 1 Colombia 1 Italy 4 Panama 2 Thailand 3

Costa Rica 1 Jamaica 1 Paraguay 3 Turkmenistan 1

17
Ukraine 23 United States 1 5 Venezuela 3

United Uruguay 8 Vietnam 29

Kingdom 31 Uzbekistan 4 Yugoslavia 1

Foreign Guest Researcher Program

The Foreign Guest Researcher Program offers scientists from aroimd the world the opportunity to work

collaboratively with scientists in NIST laboratories. A foreign guest researcher is any qualified person

who is a non-U.S. citizen, is not an employee ofNIST, is sponsored by an organization or is self-employed, does not receive Federal funding for the project performed at NIST (other than a subsistence allowance) and participates in an ongoing NIST research program. Foreign guest researchers

may be employees of foreign government agencies, state and local governments, industry, nonprofit

organizations (including universities), post-graduate researchers, graduate students, or self-employed.

Foreign guest researchers at NIST fall into three categories: those supported by their home institutions;

researchers supported through bilateral programs or international organizations; and direct

scientist-to-scientist collaboration or support. Although NIST sometimes can provide a modest allowance

for U.S. living expenses, guest researcher support generally comes from sponsoring companies or

organizations. The Office of International Affairs (OLA) provides assistance with: policy and procedures

on foreign guest researcher appointments; visas (serves as the primary point of contact at NIST for the

Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and the United States Information Agency (USIA));

management ofthe exchange visitor J-1 program; coordinating hiring of non-U.S. citizens at NIST; tax

consultant for non-U.S. citizens; and financial assistance for foreign guest researchers. NIST hosted 605

Guest Researchers in FY 1997 from 65 different countries, and in FY 1998 NIST hosted 631 Guest

Researchers from 69 different countries. The following is a list of guest researchers at NIST in fiscal year

1997:

Algeria 2 Ethiopia 1 Lebanon 1 Slovakia 3

Argentina 3 Finland 1 Lithuania 6 Slovenia 2

Armenia 1 France 45 Malaysia 3 South Africa 2

Australia 7 Germany 47 Mexico 19 Spain 7

Austria 4 Ghana 1 Morocco 3 Sri Lanka 1 Bangladesh 2 Greece 2 Netherlands 16 Sweden 5

Belgium 2 Hong Kong 1 New Zealand 2 Switzerland 4

Brazil 6 Hungary 7 Norway 1 Taiwan 21

Burkina Faso 2 India 44 Panama 1 Tanzania 1 Cameroon 1 Iran 4 Peru 2 Thailand 6

Canada 8 Ireland 1 Philippines 1 Tunisia 1 China 64 Israel 28 Poland 20 Turkey 6

Croatia 4 Italy 10 Portugal 3 Ukraine 1 Czech Republic 6 Japan 35 Romania 2 UK 26

Denmark 2 Jordan 1 Russia 54 Uruguay 1 Egypt 2 Korea 44 Saudi Arabia 1

18
The following is a list of guest researchers at NIST in

Cyprus 1 Albania 1 Czech Republic 5

Algeria 2 Dermiark 6

Argentina 3 Egypt 5

Armenia 2 Ethiopia 1 Australia 11 Finland 2

Austria France 59

Bangladesh Germany 69

Barbados Ghana 2

Belgium Greece 2

Bosnia Hungary 10

Brazil India 48

Cambodia Iran 2

Cameroon Ireland 4

Canada 11 Israel 21

China 65 Italy 13

Colombia 1 Japan 24

Croatia 3 Kenya 1

fiscal year 1998:

Korea 37 South Africa 4

Lithuania 4 Spain 12

Luxembourg 1 Sweden 5

Malaysia 2 Switzerland 4

Mexico 12 Syria 1 Morocco 4 Taiwan 20

Netherlands 15 Tanzania 1 New Zealand 2 Thailand 1 Norway 1 Tunisia 1 Pakistan 1 Turkey 4

Philippines 1 Ukraine 2

Poland 19 United

Portugal 1 Kingdom 27

Romania 3 Uruguay 1 Russia 49 Venezuela 1 Serbia 4 Vietnam 1 Slovakia 3

Slovenia 1

19
Academic Affairs (109)

Contact Point: Dr. Jack J. Hsia

The Office of Academic Affairs (OAA) serves as the focal point for NISPs cooperation with academic

institutions, and coordinates all academic affairs of NIST. hi particular, OAA administers the NIST/NRC

Postdoctoral Research Associateships Program, assists staff ofthe technical Operating Units in identifying

and promoting research collaboration efforts with imiversifies on scientific and technical research projects

of mutual interest, interacts with committees within NIST, interacts with outside organizations and other

government agencies, and serves as an academic-related resource at NIST.

NIST Postdoctoral Research Associateships Program

NISTs Postdoctoral Program supports a nationwide competitive postdoctoral program administered in

cooperation with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/ National Research Council (NRC). The

Postdoctoral Program brings research scientists and engineers of unusual promise and ability to perform

advanced research related to the NIST mission, introduces the latest vmiversity research results and

techniques to NIST scientific programs, strengthens mutual communication with university researchers,

shares NIST unique research facilities with the U.S. scientific and engineering communities, and provides

a valuable mechanism for the transfer of research results from NIST to the scientific and engineering

communities.

Activities include administering the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateships Program, updating

yearly the book on Opportunities for Research, arranging NRC staff meetings with NIST advisers and

associates, participating in the NRC Laboratories representatives meetings, and providing suggestions for

program improvement.

NIST selected 42 associates for FY 97. The distributions are: Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Laboratory (EEEL) (4), Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) (3), Chemical Science and

Technology Laboratory (CSTL) (11), Physics Laboratory (PL) (10), Materials Science and Engineering

Laboratory (MSEL) (9), Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) (3), Information Technology

Laboratory (ITL) (2). All associates are supported by NIST central funds except one from MEL, three

from MSEL, and two from BFRL supported by Laboratory fimds.

NIST selected 42 associates for FY 98. The distributions are: Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Laboratory (EEEL) (4), Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) (3), Chemical Science and

Technology Laboratory (CSTL) (11), Physics Laboratory (PL) (10), Materials Science and Engineering

Laboratory (MSEL) (9), Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) (3), Information Technology

Laboratory (ITL) (2). All associates are supported by NIST central funds except one from MEL, three

from MSEL, and two from BFRL supported by Laboratory funds.

Liaison and Collaboration with Universities

OAA maintains a liaison vAth the College of Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics and the

Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Maryland, University of Puerto Rico at Rio

Piedras, the Engineering Research Institute of Tennessee State University, and the Munsell Color Science

20
Laboratory of Rochester Institute of Technology. Initial exchange of lecturers has started between NIST

and the Rochester Institute of Technology.

In the area of international academia OAA is coordinating the establishment of laboratory program at NIST for the Egyptian Ph.D. candidates at NIS as part of their dissertations. OAA is assisting the Mexico

National Council for Science and Technology in establishing a postdoctoral program for Mexican Ph.D's

to conduct research at U.S. laboratories including NIST.

Interactions with Committees and Programs within NIST

Members of OAA interact, assist, and collaborate on educational matters with the Student Programs, the

Educational Clearinghouse, the Civil Rights Office, the Historically Black Colleges and Universities

(HBCU) Committee, the NIST Association for African-American Staff (NAAS), the Association of NIST

Asian Pacific Americans (ANAPA), the Association of NIST Hispanic Americans (ANHA), the NIST

Committee for Women (NCW), and the Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society.

OAA assisted ITL on the initial draft relating to the collaborative establishment of a Center for Advanced

Information Technology. OAA is working with the Executive Board on the establishment of a

Professional Research Experience Program at Gaithersburg (PREP-G) to provide laboratory-based

research and development experience and financial assistance to undergraduates, graduates, and

postdoctorates at the local universities.

Interactions with Outside Organizations and Government Agencies

Extramurally, members ofthis office represent NIST on academic related matters interacting with the

Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology, the Committee on Women, the Maryland

Suburban High Technical Council, the Association of American State Colleges and Universities, the

National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, the American Association of

Engineering Education, and the National Council of University Research Administrators.

OAA interacts on professional matters with the American Society for Testing and Materials, the

Illumination Engineering Society of North America, the Council for Optical Measurements, the

International Standards Organization, the International Electrical Commission, and serves as the

International President of the International Commission on Illumination with 41 member countries.

OAA interacts with the National Science Foundation (NSF) on one of the TRP/MET projects performed by

the University of Florida in Palm Beach Garden.

Academic Resource

OAA serves as a resource for NIST postdoctoral programs and other academic affairs. This Office

provided the Technology Administration of the Department of Commerce with information on NIST

collaborative programs with universities, the National Institutes of Health with information on research

opportunities at NIST for graduates and postdoctorates, and the Mexico National Council for Science and

Technology with information about the operation of the NIST postdoctoral program.

21
National Quality Program (102)

Contact Point: Dr. Harry Hertz

The National Quality Program has proven to be a remarkably successful government and industry team

effort, starting in 1987 with industry's assistance in raising more than $10 million to help launch the

program. Since that time, NIST has worked closely with a wide variety of groups to extend the benefits of

quality management and stimulate activities nationwide. These organizations run the gamut from trade,

professional, and business groups such as the National Association of Manufacturers and the U.S.

Chamber of Commerce, to state and local government organizations such as the National Governors

Association, to broad-based interest groups like the National Education Association.

The program has helped to stimulate an amazing movement to improve quality among U.S. organizations,

including companies, academic institutions; and Federal, state, and local government agencies.

Nationwide, interest in the Baldrige model is growing steadily, hi 1991, fewer than 10 state and local

quality awards existed. Now, more than 40 states have or are establishing award programs. Most are modeled after the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.

More than 25 foreign nations have begun to use the Baldrige criteria as a model for business performance

excellence. Many foreign quality awards are based on the Baldrige criteria. The adoption ofthese criteria

is indicative of the fact that these nations recognize the benefits of demonstrated performance excellence

as a critical part of achieving competitive improvement. In fact, many early winners ofthe foreign awards

have been subsidiaries U.S. companies, located outside of the United States. The recognition by these

countries, through the awarding of these prestigious awards, indicates acknowledgment that the Baldrige

criteria represent the pursuit of business excellence, and makes it much easier for U.S. companies to

achieve acceptance in foreign markets.

The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Office interacts with the foreign award programs on a

regular basis, and shares materials on each other's programs. The Office makes available its criteria, case

studies and other a wide variety of training handbooks. In June 1998 the Director of the National Quality

Program attended the quality award presentations in Mexico. In addition, in 1997, the Office hosted the

annual meeting of the Global Network of Quality Award organizers. The attendees for this meeting

included representatives from the following international Award Programs:

Brazil Mexico Turkey

Belgium Netherlands United Kingdom

Finland South Africa Uruguay

India Sweden

Israel Switzerland

22
Program Office (106)

Contact Point : Dr. Michael P. Casassa

NIST has undertaken a benchmarking study to assess the adequacy of its laboratory's efforts to support the

nation's technology infrastructure in comparison with the efforts of other countries. The Program Office is coordinating this effort with the Laboratories. In line with this effort, the Director's of the Electronics and

Electrical Engineering Laboratory, the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory and the Physics

Laboratory visited three laboratories in Japan with missions similar to NIST's, the National Institute of

Materials and Chemical Research, the Electrotechnical Laboratory and the National Research Laboratory

of Metrology. In June 1997 the Director of the Physics Laboratory and representatives from the Physics

Laboratory and the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory visited the Physilakisch-Technische

Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the Bundesanstalt fiir Materialforschung und -Prufung (BAM) as part of the

benchmarking study. In May 1997 two members of the benchmarking team also made a technical visit to

INMETRO, NIST's counterpart agency in Brazil. The visits were conducted to assess the quality and

condition of their laboratory facilities as compared to NIST. Marc Desrosiers, Bruce Field, William Ott

and Robert Watters published the results of the study in an internal memo in December 1998.

23
Advanced Technology Program (470)

Contact Point: Dr. Lura J. Powell

Begun in 1990, the Advanced Technology Program (ATP) is a unique partnership between government

and private industry to accelerate the development of high-risk, enabling technologies that promise

significant commercial pay-offs and widespread benefits for the economy. The ATP is a rigorously

competitive cost-shared program that provides multi-year funding to single companies and to industry-led

joint ventures to accelerate the development oftechnologies that would otherwise not be developed in

time, or at the same scale and scope, to compete in rapidly changing world markets without the

Government as partner. Projects are selected through a merit-based competitive process according to

published selection criteria.

The ATP does not fund product development. It supports enabling technologies that are essential to the

development of new products, processes, and services across diverse application areas. The ATP supports

the development of technologies geared to the commercial market either through general competitions that are open to all technology areas or focused program competitions that accept proposals relevant to the

program topic. Past ATP awards have covered a broad spectrum of technologies in areas including

computing information and communications, biotechnology, materials, electronics, manufacturing,

chemicals and processing, and energy and the environment.

The primary goal ofthe ATP is to invest in technology development that ultimately results in benefits to

the U.S. economy by creating new, high wage jobs, raising productivity levels, and producing

environmental, health, and other social benefits. Just as many U.S. companies have substantial operations

and employ many people overseas, many foreign firms operate research and manufacturing facilities that

employ U.S. workers. The ATP has made awards to foreign-owned, U.S. incorporated companies when

their participation in ATP-funded projects is in the economic interests of the Nation. These interests

include performance of the proposed R&D activities in the United States; investments in U.S. research,

development, and manufacturing; significant contributions to employment in the United States; and

procurement of supplies from competitive U.S. suppliers, hi addition, the parent company's country of

origin must open similar programs to U.S.-owned companies, afford U.S. companies local investment

opportunities comparable to those afforded to any other company, and protect intellectual property rights.

Through FY 1998 the ATP has funded 431 projects, of which 136 of 146 joint ventures included

foreign-owned, U.S.-based companies, and 16 of 285 single-company awards were to foreign-owned,

U.S.-based companies. The ATP has entered into multi-year partnerships with industry for high-risk,

enabling research and development at a level of nearly $2.8 billion between 1990 and 1998~of which

ATP's share is slightly less than half.

The ATP places special emphasis on working directly with industry, in contrast to other Federal funding

programs that provide primary support for R&D at universities and Federal laboratories. By law only

for-profit companies and industry-led joint ventures are allowed to receive ATP awards. But universities, a traditional source of research excellence in the United States, play a significant role in many ATP

projects, either as subcontractors to private companies or as members of industry-led joint ventures. Out

of the 352 projects selected by the ATP since its inception, 189 of the proposals included plans to involve

one or more universities as either subcontractors or joint-venture members. In many of these cases, more

than one academic institution was involved. There are over 300 incidents of university participation in

ATP projects.

24
Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program (480)

Contact Point: Mr. Kevin M. Carr

The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program is a growing network of services to assist

smaller manufacturers in becoming globally competitive. MEP partners Federal support with State and

local organizational support. Services are locally driven so that they address the specific needs of area manufacturers. At the same time, MEP is developing common tools and resources to address recurring

and consistent challenges faced by all manufacturers nationwide. The MEP program continues to support

efforts to establish similar industrial extension programs in various parts of the world. The MEP program

staff has given various presentations on manufacturing extension to representatives from Korea, Japan,

China, India, and United Kingdom.

Mexico

MEP staff has provided support to the government of Mexico in its efforts to initiate a program to

stimulate growth and competitiveness of indigenous industry.

South Africa

MEP staff provides support to the CSIR in its efforts to initiate a program similar to MEP in South Africa.

More details regarding this support can be found in the International Activities section as part of the NIST

strategy for support and collaboration with South Africa.

25
Building and Fire Research Laboratory (860)

Contact Point: Dr. Richard N. Wright

The Building and Fire Research Laboratory's (BFRL) mission is to enhance the competitiveness of U.S.

industry and public safety through performance prediction and measurement technologies and technical

advances that improve the life cycle quality of constructed facilities. BFRL studies building materials;

computer-integrated construction practices; fire science and fire safety engineering; and structural,

mechanical, and environmental engineering. Products ofthe laboratory's research include measurements

and test methods, performance criteria, and technical data that supports innovations by industry and are incorporated into building and fire standards and codes.

Bilateral Activities

Canada

Richard Wright and Noel Raufaste in the Laboratory Office met with representatives of the National

Research Council of Canada's Institute for Research in Construction (NRC/IRC) and have identified the

following topics for collaborative work: cybernetic building systems, building envelopes and fire safe

materials and composites.

The Building Environment Division and ITL's Statistical Engineering Division, in collaboration with

scientists at the National Research Coimcil in Canada have completed an interlaboratory study of guarded

hot-plate measurements. NIST and NRC study measured the thermal conductivity oftwo thermal

insulation materials; glass-finer board selected fi-om SRM 1450c and fibrous alumina silica. The Division

is also completing a three-year research project with the NRC/IRC that developed a computer program for

promoting acceptable indoor air quality in the design and operation of buildings.

France

In December 1996 Jack Snell of the Laboratory Office traveled to France to explore potential

collaborations in the areas of materials, fire and information systems with the Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment (CSTB).

Tinh Nguyen in the Building Materials Division collaborates with scientists at the University of

Bemard-Lyon/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and has co-authored several

publications on their work on the use of Fourier Transform Infared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for studies of the

durability of polymer-coated substrates exposed to aqueous environments. Following are the publications

generated fi"om this collaboration in the last few years. Effects of Civil Engineering Environments on

Interfacial Properties of Polymer/Fiber Composites. Tinh Nguyen, Khaled Aoaudi, David Alsheh, and

Joarmie Chin, Proceedings, International Conference on Composites Engineering, July 1997, p. 725;

Effects of Environmental Exposure on FPR Materials Used in Construction. Joannie Chin, Khaled Aouadi,

and Tinh Nguyen, Journal of Composites Technology & Research, Vol. 19, no.4, p. 205, 1997; Sorption

and Transport Characteristics of Water. Salt Water and Concrete Pore Solutions in Polymer/Glass Fiber

Composites. Joannie Chin, Tinh Nguyen, and Khaled Aoaudi, submitted to J. Appl. Polymer Science,

January, 1998.

26
Japan

Takashi Kashiwagi in the Fire Science Division conducted microgravity experiments in the Japan

Microgravity Center (JAMIC) drop tower with scientists from NASA and JAMIC.

BFRL represents NIST in two thrusts: Earthquake Policy Symposium and Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

Partnership ofthe Joint Initiative on Natural Disaster Reduction within the U.S.- Japan Common Agenda

for Cooperation in Global Perspective. The Common Agenda has developed an important means of

pooling our resources to address international challenges of common concern to sustainable development

and global stability. One of the themes ofthe Common Agenda is to identify earthquake research and

policy issues and seek agreement on cooperative projects to mitigate their impact through improved

monitoring and by strengthening research and response countermeasures.

Walter Jones in the Fire Science Division, and Dave Evans and Daniel Madrzykowski in the Fire Safety

Engineering Division traveled to Japan to pursue a potential collaboration with the National Research

Institute for Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) to conduct full scale verification experiments for which there are no facilities in the United States, and wind tunnel experiments for urban fire spread. It was decided that

under the U.S. - Japan Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Partnership the cooperation could be organized

around five projects. The next step is to find resources from both sides to pursue research in these areas.

BFRL also participates in two other government wide programs, the U.S.-Japan and the U.S.-Japan

(UJNR). The U.S.-side ofthe Joint Panel Meeting on Wind and Seismic Effects is composed of nineteen

Federal agencies who formally cooperate with seven counterpart Japanese agencies and the Japanese

design and construction industry. The U.S.-side of the panel is chaired by Richard Wright in the

Laboratory Office, and Noel Raufaste ofthe Laboratory Office is the Secretary General. The Cooperative

Program on Natural Resources (UJNTl) collaborates with the Building Research Institute and National

Research Institute of Fire and Disaster of the Japanese Ministry of Home Affairs.

Korea

In 1995 NIST signed an Implementing Agreement with the Korea Institute of Energy Research to

exchange knowledge and conduct joint research in energy technology. In May 1998 John House in the

Building Enviroimient Division conducted collaborative research to develop automated real-time

performance optimization, fault detection and diagnosis ofthermal systems to improve energy efficiency,

increase safety and reliability and reduce operating costs associated with these systems.

Poland

Two scientists in the Building Enviroimient Division were awarded grants from the U.S. - Poland Joint

Board on Scientific and Technological Cooperation for cooperative projects with Polish scientists. One

project involves the development of performance tests and criteria for polymer concrete as a repair

material. The second project is with the Technical University of Kracow on a ternary zeotropic mixture

with a carbon dioxide component for R-22 heat pump applications.

27
Saudi Arabia

Joel Zingeser in the Laboratory Office leads BFRL and TS programs aimed at helping Saudi Arabia

develop and adopt a building code based on U.S. practices. This bilateral work will help the U.S.

construction industry in major developing markets to avoid technical barriers to trade and to promote the

application of U.S. technology in international construction markets through the development and

adoption of appropriate building and construction practices, codes, specifications, and standards. Work

with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is being conducted under Memoranda of Understanding between

NIST/BFRL and the National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards and NIST and the

Saudi Arabia Standards Organization. A resource document comparing the Saudi-Aramco building code

with recent editions of the Uniform Building Code has been prepared by NIST and is being reviewed by

SASO in preparation of a Saudi Building Code workshop, February 1998, in Riyadh with U.S. and SASO

technical experts.

Switzerland

Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (CFAST) was developed by the Fire Modeling

and Applications Group. The Ecole Polytechnique Federale da Lausarme selected CFAST for use in safety

design calculations for automobile and train tuimels in Switzerland. CFAST is a zone type fire model that

predicts the environment in a structure subjected to a fire.

Multilateral Activities

The Process Industry Executive for Achieving Business Advantage Using Standards of Data Exchange

(PIEBASE) is an international umbrella organization for process industry active development of Standard

for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP) and other standards for industrial data. Mark Palmer of

the Computer Integrated Construction Group participates in the PIEBASE executive group and leads the

PIEBASE working group two on process plant engineering activity models.

Scientists in the Fire Science Division, working with a guest researcher fi"om BASF in Germany and a guest researcher fi-om Russia, researched a potential replacement for halon fire suppressants. Halon fire

suppressants are no longer being produced. Their results are to appear in the journal Combustion and

Flame.

International Committee Participation

BFRL is a member of the International Council for Building Research and Documentation (CIB) and

actively participates in many of its task groups and working corrmiissions. CIB is concerned with

fostering international cooperation and information exchange in building construction and research,

technology development and documentation, and as such provides an important channel for international

prestandardization activity in this field. Jack Snell (860) serves on the Board of Directors and the Program

and Administrative Committees of CIB.

Walter Rossiter of the Building Materials Division is the chair of the International Union of Testing and

Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures (RILEM/CIB) Joint Committee meeting on Roofing

Materials. The committee has two objectives: to develop a methodology of assessing the condition of

28
in-place, low-sloped roofing membranes and to determine the state of the art with regard to design,

application and maintenance of sustainable low-sloped roofing systems. Rossiter is also a member of the

executive conmiittee of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Conmiittee DOS on Roofing,

Waterproofing and Bituminous Materials.

Barbara Lippiatt ofthe Office of Applied Economics was an invited member of the U.S. Delegation to the

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) conference on Greener Public

Purchasing held in Switzerland. Lippiatt presented the Building for Environmental and Economic

Sustainability (BEES) methodology at the conference. Lippiatt plans to publish the BEES methodology in

the form of Windows-based decision-support software for the Federal procurement community for

selecting products that achieve the most appropriate balance between life-cycle envirorunental, economic

and technical performance. This work was sponsored in part by the EPA.

Geoffrey Frohnsdorffof the Building Materials Division is the chair of ISO/TC 59/SC 3AVG 9, Design

Life of Buildings. This Working Group, created in 1994, is being elevated to subcommittee status in

ISO/TC 59. The objective is to develop standards for assuring that the designed life of a building under the

anticipated environmental actions will be achieved and to provide a basis for maintenance management.

The committee is producing a standard on "Plarming of, and Management for. Service Life of Buildings."

James Pielert of the Building Materials Division is chairman of ASTM Subcommittee C09.92 on

International Activities which is the U.S. Technical Advisory Group (TAG) for ISO TC71 Subcommittee 1 on Testing of Concrete. The role of the TAG is to coordinate reviews of draft ISO standards and to submit

U.S. standards for consideration by ISO. For the latter, ASTM concrete aggregate and admixture standards

have been submitted to Israel, the secretariat of Subcommittee 1. Pielert is also the U.S. delegate to the

International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures (RILEM).

RILEM's purpose is to promote progress in the design, testing, manufacture and use of building materials.

Steven Bushby ofthe Building Environment Division is convener of ISO TC 205 WG 3 Building Control

System Design. The objective of this working group is to develop a multi-part international standard that

addresses several issues related to building control systems including control system functionality,

communication protocols, system specifications, and project management.

William L. Grosshandler of the Fire Science Division was named Fellow of ASME International.

International Workshops and Conferences

The Forum for International Cooperation on Fire Research (FORUM) is comprised of heads of public and

private sector fire research laboratories and organizations sponsoring fire research around the world. Jack

Snell in the Laboratory Office is the chair ofthe Forum, and Richard Bukowski in the Fire Safety

Engineering Division is Secretary. The group meets armually to discuss mutual interests, encourage

cooperative undertakings, and promote the advancement of fire safety engineering. Typically, the

FORUM sponsors a two-day workshop with the host member to highlight some important issue or aspect

of fire safety engineering in the host's nation. The FY 96 meeting was held in Norway, and the

symposium focused on issues associated with development and implementation of a performance based

standard in that country. The FY 97 meeting in Tainjin China addressed issues of fire research and testing,

and the codes and standards processes in China.
Natascha Castro in the Building Environment Division received one of the three awards of excellence for a

technical paper at the International Appliance Technical Conference held May 12-14, 1997. Her paper was

entitled "Energy and Water Consumption Testing of a Conventional Dishwasher and an Adaptive Control

Dishwasher."

H.S. Lew of the Structures Division co-organized the International Workshop on Seismic Design

Methodologies for the Next Generation of Codes which was sponsored jointly by the U.S.-Slovenia Joint

Board for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, OIAA/NIST and the National Science Foundation.

BFRL co-organized the Second International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering (ICFRE2).

The conference, held at NIST in August 1997, included 220 participants from 13 different countries.

30
Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (830)

Contact Point: Dr. Hratch G. Semerjian

As the Nation's Reference Laboratory, the mission ofthe Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory

(CSTL) is to perform research in measurement science; develop and maintain measurement methods,

standards, and reference data; and develop models for chemical, biomolecular, and physical properties and

processes. CSTL provides the enabling infrastructure to enhance productivity and competitiveness; assure equity in trade; and improve public health, safety, and envirormiental quality for U.S. industry.

Government agencies, and the scientific community.

Bilateral Activities

Australia

Brent Butler ofthe Physical and Chemical Properties Division was awarded a visiting fellowship at the

Australian National University for one month in March 1998.

Canada

Airflow Canada is a CRADA member of Air Speed Proficiency Testing Program (ASPT), a NIST program

with 13 participants. The contact is the Process Measurements Division. The programs goal is to assess the Air Speed measurement performance in the participant's wind tunnels. The data generated will be used

to correlate differences between participant measurement performance and NIST standards.

Ellyn S. Beary in the Analytical Chemistry Division is pursuing a collaboration with the National

Research Council on isotope dilution mass spectrometry with some focus on isotope dilution

electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Czech Republic

The Analytical Chemistry Division collaborates with the Czech University of Agriculture on development

of methods for arsenic speciation by providing samples of algae that have been grown in arsenic enriched

water.

Denmark

Cedric Powell in the Analytical Chemistry Division collaborates with scientists at the Odense University

on corrections for elastic-electron scattering in new measurements of electron inelastic mean free paths.

Germany

Peter Huang in the Process Measurements Division initiated discussions with scientists at PTB for

collaborative experiments to develop new standards for high temperature (above 400 degrees C) humidity

measurements and to intercompare current standards for humidity measurements.

31
The Analytical Chemistry Division collaborates with the Research Centre of Julich in the measurement

and value assignment of the mercury and methylmercury content in two NIST Standard Reference

Materials (SRMs), oyster and mussel tissue.

The Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Research Centre for Environmental Health participates in a NIST-led interlaboratory comparison of concentration of dioxins and furans in two NIST SRMs, air

particulate and sediment.

India

The Biotechnology Division has three ongoing collaborations with institutes in India. Robert Goldberg

collaborates with scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) on thermodynamic studies related to

the shikimic acid metabolic pathway. Anne Plant and the Surface and Microanalysis Sciences Division

collaborate with scientists at the Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology in Hyderabad and the Roswell

Park Cancer Institute on biomimetic surfaces formed from cell membranes. And Prasad Reddy initiated a

collaboration with the Dehli University to study the adenylyl cyclase mycobacterium tuberculosis. Reddy

also collaborates with scientists at the Center for Biochemical Technology on the diagnosis and biology of

fimgal disease, aspergillosis, caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, and the University College of Medical

Sciences in Dehli on cloning and characterization of calmodulin like protein in mycobacteria.

Italy

Peter Huang in the Process Measurements Division collaborates with the Istituto de Metrologia "G.

Colonnetti" (IMGC) to develop new high temperature humidity standards for the range of 20 to 100

degrees Celsius dew/frost point temperature as part of an international intercomparison of humidity

standards. IMGC also plans to send its transfer standard hygrometer, which has a range of -95 to 20

degrees Celsius, to test with the NIST standard humidity generators. In addition, the Process

Measurements Division, in a study with the IMGC, produced an emf-temperature reference function for

platinum versus palladium thermocouples for the temperature range 273 K to 1 773 K in air.

Japan

Raymond Mountain of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division is coordinating his simulation

studies on solvation effects in supercritical water with experimental studies at the Institute for Chemical

Research, Kyoto University.

Cedric Powell in the Analytical Chemistry Division collaborates with scientists at the National Institute of

Materials and Chemical Research on a new project under the U.S.-Japan Civil Industrial Technologies

Arrangement entitled Quantitative Surface Analysis for Catalysts by Electron Spectroscopy.

Mexico

The Fluid Flow Group in the Process Measurements Division has discussed arrangements for

intercomparisons of flow measurement capabilities at CENAM. Joseph Hodges of the Process

Measurements Division is also pursuing a collaboration with CENAM on fabrication of triple point cells

for use in the NIST cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) systems for humidity measurements.

32
The Netherlands

Cedric Powell, a NIST Fellow in the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, collaborates on

experiments with scientists at the University of Delft on a unique instrument. The instrument is a modified transmission electron microscope operating at 100 keV.

Poland

Cedric Powell of the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division collaborates with scientists at the

Institute of Physical Chemistry on the NIST Electron-Mean-Free-Path Database.

Patrick O'Hare of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division is pursuing a collaboration with scientists

at the Warsaw University of Technology on fluorine-bomb calorimetric studies.

Russia

David Mildner and H. Heather Chen-Mayer in the Analytical Chemistry Division visited several Russian

institutes including the Kurchatov Institute and the Physical and Technical Institute of the Russian

Academy of Sciences during a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) sponsored trip for discussions

of ongoing collaborations in neutron focusing. Scientists in the Analytical Chemistry Division collaborate

with the Kurchatov Institute and are in the process of preparing two papers on the results ofthis work on

cold neutron incoherent scattering for hydrogen detection in industrial materials and the application of

Laue-focusing method for neutron radiography in divergent beams. The potential for future work under a NATO grant is also under discussion.

Albert Lee of the Process Measurements Division was awarded a grant from the Civilian Research and

Development Foundation (CRDF) to conduct joint research with scientists in Russia on supercritical water

oxidation as a waste destruction alternative.

Turkey

Miral Dizdaroglu of the Biotechnology Division has a collaborative research project with the Toxicology

Department at Gazi University entitled "Paracetamol-mediated DNA damage in livers of experimental

animals." This project has been fimded in part by a NATO grant awarded to Gazi University.

United Kingdom

Peter Huang in the Process Measurements Division initiated discussions with scientists at NPL for

collaborative experiments to develop new standards for high temperature (above 400 degrees C) humidity

measurements and to intercompare ciurent standards for humidity measurements.

Venezuela

Carlos Gonzalez of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division explored possible collaborations with

the Venezuelan Center for Scientific Research (IVIC) in development and implementation of novel

33
computational methods for predicting properties and energetics of molecules important in catalytic

chemistry.

Multilateral Activities

Michael Kurylo in the Physical and Chemical Properties Division manages NASA' s Upper Atmosphere

Research Program (UARP) as part of an interagency agreement between NIST and NASA. Among the

principal tropospheric research activities supported under UARP is AGAGE (NASA's Advanced Global

Atmospheric Gases Experiment) Network. AGAGE Network is an international measurement activity that

focuses on tropospheric abundance of several gases important in stratospheric ozone depletion and global

warming. The AGAGE monitoring station in Cape Grim, Tasmania is an important southern-hemisphere

site within the network.

The Analytical Chemistry Division participates on the U.S. team to develop a method for on-site sample

preparation of soil, water and wipe samples for qualitative determination of chemical warfare related

compounds at the request of the Defense Special Weapons Agency (DSWA), Department of Defense. The

method is being developed at the request ofthe Preparatory Commission for the Organization for the

Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The other U.S. team participants are Battelle Memorial

Institute, the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute, the Army Research Laboratory and

DSWA. Other foreign participants are the Netherlands, Germany, Finland, and the United Kingdom. One

involves development of software that is to be used in on-site inspections by the OPCW in challenge

inspections of suspected chemical weapons sites. The Division is also participating in a pilot study to

produce a multi - element certified reference (CRM) of Antarctic krill. Participants in this study include

representatives from Italy, Spain, Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Argentina and Canada. The Gas Metrology

and Classical Methods Group in the Analytical Division collaborates with the Danish Institute of

Fundamental Metrology and Hungarian Office of Measures under a Memorandum of Cooperation to

intercompare measurements of electrolytic conductivity of solutions.

The Process Measurements Division is conducting an international comparison on pressure with Oficina

Nacional de Normas y Unidades de Madida (ONNUM) in Costa Rica and the Centro Nacional de

Metrologia (CENAM) in Mexico under the auspices of the Interamerican System of Metrology (SIM).

The Process Measurements Division is also conducting an international comparison on pressure with the

Jamaica Bureau of Standards (JBS). Other participants to this SIM sponsored comparison include

ONNUM, CENAM, INMETRO, and INDECOPI. The division is also participating in a CIPM CCT key

comparison of the international temperature scale of 1990 and the CIPM CCT key comparison 3, an

international intercomparison of temperature in the range from 83.3 K to 933.4 K. The Division also

hosted a workshop on absolute pressure measurements for representatives from Brazil, Costa Rica,

Jamaica, Mexico and Peru. These countries represent the five regions within SIM: SURAMET, CAMET,

CARIMET, NORAMET, and ANDIMET.

International Workshops and Conferences

Miral Dizdaroglu of the Biotechnology Division was awarded a North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO) grant to organize an advanced study institute on DNA Damage and Repair held in October 1997

in Antalya, Turkey.

34
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (810)

Contact Point: Mr. Judson C. French

The Electronic and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL) provides the basis for all electrical

measurements in the United States. EEEL provides practical measurements for the electronics and

electrical industry sectors and advertised calibration services and artifact standards (Standard Reference

Materials). EEEL conducts research and development to advance the electrical measurement state ofthe

art and emphasizes measurement research and services that are essential to equity in domestic and

international trade; the specification of manufacturing material, equipment, and processes; manufacturing

process and quality control; and applications supporting the missions of other government agencies.

Bilateral Activities

Brazil

Edwin Williams ofthe Electricity Division presented two lectures at the Advanced School of Mechanical

Metrology. The school was organized by the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and

Industrial Quality (INMETRO). Yi-hua Tang, also of the Electricity Division, assisted INMETRO in

establishing the operation of the first Josephson voltage standard system in Brazil.

Canada

The Optoelectronics Division is studying the beam pointing stability of vertical-cavity surface-emitting

lasers (VCSEL) supplied by Hewlett-Packard, Honeywell, Motorola and Vixel at the National Optics

Institute. This effort is part of a contract to provide DARPA-sponsored VCSEL manufacturers with

state-of-the-art measurement procedures and results important to the development of their optical data

communication products.

Martin Misakian ofthe Electricity Division participates in an advisory committee at Hydro-Quebec that

provides oversight for laboratory experiments on human perception thresholds for combined alternating

and static electric fields and electric field effects on skin tissue in vitro. NIST focuses on the generation

and characterization of the exposure parameters as well as other physical parameters.

The Office of Law Enforcement Standards is fimding an effort between the FBI Laboratory and the Royal

Canadian Mounted Police Laboratory to develop an automobile paint database for the forensic science

community.

France

The Electricity Division has several collaborations with institutes in France. Francois Martzloff maintains

a collaboration with Mr. A. Rousseau of Soule, France concerning the theory of coordinated performance

of surge protection devices. Martzloff is also working with Electricite de France (EDF) to determine the

validity of lightning surge recordings related to measurement techniques included in a proposed lEC

standard and to begin the formulation of an lEC standard on power quality. James Olthoff and Loucas

Christophorou collaborate with researchers at the University of Paul Sapatier in Toulouse on issues related

35
to the modeling of electron transport using standard electron-collision cross sections. Olthoff also

collaborates with researchers at the University of Paris-Sud on the modeling of ion transport in DC

Townsend discharges in H2 and N2. The Division also participates in a Consultative Committee on

Electricity (CCE) sponsored international intercomparison of high resistance measurements with the

Laboratoire Central des Industries Electrics (LCIE).

Dylan Williams in the Radio-Frequency Technology Division collaborates with TRW and the Institut

d'Electronique et de Microelectronique du Nord (lEMN) to implement an international on-wafer

measurement comparison program at millimeter-wave frequencies. Millimeter-wave frequencies are important in wireless communications, automotive electronics and alternatives to conventional cable

television technologies.

The Optoelectronics Division participated in a program ofthe University of Colorado at Boulder to

provide courses of study, lectures, and research opportunities in the various fields of instruction and

research conducted by the University of Colorado. As participants in the program, NIST provided

research opportunities to students Fabrice Badre, Frederic Klein, Oliver Lux, and Frederic Petit ofthe

Louis Pasteur Institute of Technology, Department Mesures Physiques, Schiltigheim, France.

Germany

Francois Martzloff in the Electricity Division has collaborative interactions with Darmstadt University

related to the validity of measurement techniques of switching surges. Martzloff is also discussing the

potential of different theories related to lightning current dispersion with Dehne and Sohne.

Xiaoyu Li in the Optoelectronics Division collaborated with scientists at Physikalisch-Technische

Bundesanstalt to resolve discrepancy between PTB and NIST in high power laser calibrations.

Greece

Loucas Christophorou of the Electricity Division received the Medal of the Phoenix from the President of

Greece for his contributions to the areas of atomic, molecular and nuclear physics. This award is the

highest honor bestowed upon civilians by the Greek government.

Hungary

Nicolas Paulter in the Electricity Division collaborates with scientists from the Technical University of

Budapest on Automatic Waveform Analysis and Measurements Systems (AWAMS). AWAMS are commercial 20 GHz bandwidth, high-speed, equivalent-time sampling oscilloscopes interfaced to desktop

computer systems and used in the Electricity Division for providing the NIST pulse waveform

measurement services. A grant was established for the Technical University of Budapest so that the work

initiated at NIST can be pursued further in Hungary.

India

Francois Martzloff in the Electricity Division collaborates with the India Institute of Science concerning

the surge testing of electric appliances.

36
Ireland

John Suehle Semiconductor Electronics Division collaborates with Analog Devices in Limerick, Ireland

on TDDB Characterization and Research ofthin Si02 Films.

Japan

David Newell in the Electricity Division had a joint project with the National Research Laboratory for

Metrology on the measurement of the refractive index of air at the NIST Watt Balance site. Newell

worked with scientists at NRLM for a month to determine the source of the 0.3 ppm discrepancy between

the measured and calculated index values of the Watt Balance instrument at NIST and to construct an

optical interferometer used for volume measurements of silicon spheres in the Avogadro experiment.

Steven Mechels in the Optoelectronics Division spent 10 months at the Optoelectronics Laboratories at the

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation under an agreement for cooperation between NIST and

NTT. Mechels studied measurement technology for a variety of silica-based planar light-wave circuits

developed at NTT.

The Optoelectronics Division worked with the Electrotechnical Laboratory on impulse response

measurements.

A U.S.-Japan Joint Management Committee (JMC), co-chaired by Judson French ofthe Laboratory Office

in the United States and by a representative of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in

Japan, administers a U.S.-Japan Joint Optoelectronics Project (JOP). The U.S. JMC includes

representatives from the Departments of Commerce (DOC), Energy (DOE), and State (DOS), the National

Science Foundation (NSF), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The JOP

permits U.S. or Japanese-developed prototype optoelectronic devices required for advanced computer

developments in either country to be made available to researchers through a unique international broker

system. Operational since 1995, the JOP has had considerable success.

There is an ongoing interaction between NIST and the National Telegraph and Telephone (NTT)

Corporation as outlined in the Agreement for Cooperation between NIST and NTT. Several exchanges of

technical staff have taken place throughout the duration of the Agreement.

Mexico

Scientists in the Optoelectronics Division worked with CENAM on optical fiber and laser power

measurement intercomparisons.

Russia

Douglas Franzen, Thomas Scott, and Igor Vayshenker in the Optoelectronics Division collaborate with the

All-Russian Research Institute for optophysical measurements. The collaboration on optical fiber and

power meter measurements was funded by the Cooperative Research and Development Foundation

(CRDF).

37
Spain

Randolph Elmquist in the Electricity Division assisted the Institute Nacional de Technica Aerospacial

(D^^TA) in developing a measurement system suitable for the quantized Hall resistance standard.

Switzerland

Paul Williams collaborates with the University of Geneva on examining the problem of measurement

disagreements between time and frequency domain measurements of dispersion in optical fibers.

The Netherlands

Neil Zimmerman in the Electricity Division initiated a collaboration with scientists at the Netherlands

Measurements Institute (NMi) to test the suitability of thin-film, on-chip capacitors to replace the

machined vacuum-gap capacitors used in his experiments.

Turkey

The Optoelectronics Division collaborates with the National Institute of Metrology in developing

measurement methods for multimode optical fibers. Of interest are measurements of bandwidth and

radiation patterns from the fiber (both far and near fields). They will also collaborate on reflectivity and

loss measurements in guided wave structures.

United Kingdom

The Electricity Division assisted Kodak Corporation in New York obtain accreditation to the National

Measurement Accreditation System (NAMAS) in the United Kingdom through calibration of Digital

Multimeters.

The Optoelectronics Division has several collaborations with institutes in the U.K. Paul Hale has

collaborates with the NPL on photo-diode frequency response measurements. Gregory Obarski and Paul

Hale collaborate with the Defense Research Agency to measure low values of relative intensity noise

(RIN) in distributed feedback lasers at 1550 nm. These measurements will support the CATV industry and

EDFA noise figure measurements, as well as help NIST assess the uncertainty in its RIN calibrations

techniques.

Multilateral Activities

Nile Oldham in the Electricity Division reported that the Interamerican Comparison of Electrical Units

sponsored by the Interamerican System of Metrology (SIM) began in March 1997 with a meeting at NIST

of representatives of the five metrology regions in the Americas. The traveling standards for this

comparison of five electrical quantities: ac and dc voltage, ac and dc current, and dc resistance, are precision digital multimeters donated by three U.S. Manufacturers. These multimeters were calibrated at NIST and will be used to conduct round robins within each region before being returned to NIST to

complete the comparison.

38
The International Union of Radio Science (URSI) recognized Donald DeGroot of the Electromagnetic

Fields Division with its Young Scientist Award at the XXVth General Assembly in France for his work on

the application of time-domain instruments to frequency-dependent measurements of microelectronic

devices and interconnects.

The European Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology presented George G. Harman in the

Semiconductor Electronics Division with the first European Packaging Award for his achievements in the

development of wire bonding.

The National Research Institute for Metals (NRIM) and NIST are conducting fundamental and

pre-standards research on superconductivity under the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and

Standards (VAMAS) agreement and an agreement with Japan. Loren Goodrich, Electromagnetic

Technology Division, traveled to Japan in October 1998 in support of this project.

International Workshops and Conferences

NIST was a co-sponsor ofthe International Microwave Symposium held June 8-13, 1997 by the

Microwave Theory and Techniques Society. This is the first time there has been a co-sponsor for this

event. The staff of the Electromagnetic Fields Division was major a contributor to the Symposium which

included over 8,500 participants from 28 countries.

David Seller in the Semiconductor Electronics Division was a co-chair for the International Conference on

Materials and Process Characterization for Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) held in Shanghai, China

November 4-7, 1997.

International Committee Participation

NIST is under contract with the Power Electronics Applications Center, Pacific Gas and Electric Company

and Delmarva Power Company for research and assistance in power quality issues. One of the contract

tasks is aimed at greater participation in the development of international standards concerning power

quality.

Martin Misakian in the Electricity Division serves as convener of an lEC working group that is developing an international standard for ELF field measuring equipment and measurement guidance. lEC central

office is located in Geneva, and Martin maintains frequent communication with the central office.

39
Information Technology Laboratory (890)

Contact Point: Dr. Shukri Wakid

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) responds to industry and user needs for objective, neutral

tests for information technology. These are the enabling tools that help companies produce the next

generation of products and services, and that help industries and individuals use these complex products

and services. ITL works with industry, research and government organizations to develop and

demonstrate tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations and other infrastructural

technologies. ITL's activities support the development and use of information technology systems that are usable, scalable, interoperable and secure. Program activities include: high performance computing and

communications systems; emerging network technologies; access to, exchange, and retrieval of complex

information; computational and statistical methods; information security; and testing tools and methods to

improve the quality of software.

Bilateral Activities

Canada

Stuart Katzke (893), Chief, Computer Security Division, met with representatives ofthe Conmiunications

Security Establishment (CSE) to coordinate NIST activities with CSE with the goal of developing

common standards and guidance for computer security. These activities are part ofthe cooperative

activities under the NIST/CSE MOU.

China

During his tenure as a visiting professor at the East China Normal University, Nien Fan Zhang in the

Statistical Engineering Division taught a short course entitled "Applied Time Series."

Finland

Omid Kia of the Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division is pursuing a collaborative agreement

with the University of Oulu on the subject of hypermedia document analysis, transmission and processing.

Korea

The Advanced Network Technologies Division cooperates under an MOU with the Korea Telecom

Research Group (KTRG) on video-on-demand technology and with the Electronics and

Telecorrmiunications Research Institute (ETRI) on ATM network routing protocols.

Staff of ITL and a guest researcher from Korea Telecom jointly developed the conformance test suite for

the Digital Storage Media Conmiand and Control User to User protocol ISO 13818-6.

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Russia

Daniel Lozier in the Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division collaborates with the Russian

Academy of Sciences on a project funded under the Civilian Research and Development Foundation

(CRDF) titled "Numerical Software for Mathematical Special Functions."

United Kingdom

Daniel Anderson in the Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division collaborates with the

University of Southhampton on phase-field models for fluids and solidification problems. As a result of

this collaboration a review article, "Diffuse-interface models in fluid mechanics", authored by D. Anderson

and G. McFadden in the Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division and A. Wheeler at the

University of Southhampton, will appear in the 1998 volume of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics.

Multilateral Activities

The Computer Security Division participates in the Common Criteria (CC) project. The CC project is a cooperative effort between countries in North America and Europe to align their respective security

evaluation criteria in a CC for testing and evaluation of security systems and products. The common

criteria are designed to promote the development of commercial testing of products and international

mutual recognition of test certifications, thus expanding the market for high quality, trusted security

products and systems. The project aims to advance international mutual recognition of tests and test

certifications that will enable vendors to have their products tested in one country and to be able to sell

their tested products in other markets without having to be re-tested. Several members of the Division

represent NIST at meetings of different parts of the Common Criteria project. Ellen Flahavin represents

NIST at meetings of the Common Evaluation Methodology Editorial Board (CEMEB). The CEMEB was

established as a joint project by the European Commission (Directorate General XIII/B), the Canadian

Communications Security Establishment, the National Security Agency and NIST. The purpose of the

project is to develop a methodology for conducting evaluations that apply the CC. The Common

Evaluation Methodology (CEM) will provide the required basis for mutual recognition of product and

system security evaluations. Ray Snouffer represented NIST at a meeting of the Cryptography Support

Working Group of the CC project. The CSWG is charged with incorporating cryptography related

requirements into the CC documents. The meeting focused on the development of Cryptographic Key

Management and Cryptographic Support.

Jerry Keller in the Automated Production Technology Division and Mary Carroll Croarkin in the

Statistical Engineering Division presented a workshop on statistical principles and techniques required for

performing high accuracy mass calibrations from 1 kg to 1 mg in May, 1997. His team also prepared the

attendees from the CAMET region to participate in an intercomparison study of mass standards within

SIM.

James Dray (893) represents NIST on the Open Group Joint Councils Meeting. The Open Group Joint

Council develops open industry standards for computer security technologies. NIST is developing the

X/Open Single Sign On specification, a central technology in the generic authentication architecture, and

the work plan for the emerging Open Group JavaAVeb security program area. Dray also presented the

Minimum Interoperability Specification for Public Key Infrastructure developed at NIST.

41
Judi Moline in the Information Access and User Interfaces Division represents the U.S. on the Steering

Committee for the G7 Information Society Theme 1 Global Information Pilot Project and was co-leader of

Theme 10 Global Marketplace for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

ITL is developing benchmark tests for automated speech recognition systems as part of an international

collaborative project under the sponsorship of the DARPA Human Language Systems Program and the

Department of Defense. Research organizations participating in the application of the tests include:

AT&T Bell Laboratories, BBN Systems and Technologies (BBN), Boston University, Cambridge

University Engineering Department (England), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Centre de Recherche

Informatique de Montreal (Canada), Dragon Systems, IBM T.J. Watson Research Labs (IBM),

International Computer Science Institute, ITT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Laboratoire

d' Informatique pour la Mecanique et les Sciences de I'lnginieur (LIMSI) (France), MIT Lincoln

Laboratory, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, MITRE Corporation, New York University, Oregon

Graduate Institute, Unisys, University of Karlsruhe (Germany), Philips GmbH Research Laboratories

(Germany), Sanders-Lockheed, and SRI International.

International Workshops and Conferences

ITL hosted the International Symposium on the Year 2000: Mastering the Millennium Rollover on June

9-10, 1997. The symposium addressed the problems associated with computing systems. Speakers

included representatives fr^om Australia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

ITL works with and supports the International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium that is involved

in the interoperability testing of ITU protocols for transmitting multimedia data. ITL hosts

interoperability testing events and demonstrations, and provides technical support for testing activities.

ITL hosted the Department of Commerce's Public Forum on Certificate Authorities and Digital Signatures:

Enhancing Global Electronic Commerce in July 1997. U.S. and international representatives provided

perspectives on the evolving business, legal and technical aspects of the evolving infrastructure. Speakers

included representatives from Germany, Japan, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Judi Moline in the Information Access and User Interfaces Division served on the planning committee for

the International Global Standards Conference, "Building the Global Information Society for the 21"

Century," held in Brussels, October 1-3 1997.

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Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (820)

Contact Point: Dr. Richard H. F. Jackson

The Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) serves as a central research laboratory for

manufacturing infrastructure technology, measurements, and standards. MEL provides industry-needed

manufacturing engineering tools, interface standards, manufacturing systems architectures, and

traceability. For example, the industrial measurements of length, force, mass, acoustics, vibration, and

product data exchange ultimately rely on traceability to MEL.

Bilateral Activities

American Institute in Taiwan

The Precision Engineering Division explored collaborations on nanotechnology and the Molecular

Measuring Machine (M3) project with the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Center for

Measurement Standards and the Precision Instrument Development Center through the American Institute

in Taiwan. The Division also explored collaborations with ITRI on Rockwell hardness standards,

nanometrology including calibrated atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser frequency stabilization.

Canada

Rick Norcross in the Precision Engineering Division is developing a joint CRADA for a large volume

welding robot with Servo Robot. NIST plans to develop a large volimie six DOF manipulator based on a commercial boomlift, to measure the dynamic output of the manipulator and to develop a dampened

mounting jig. Servo Robot plans to develop a real-time sense point shifting method based on dual cameras and to determine how the trajectory can be recorded based on reference marks on the metal rather

than on previous positions.

China

Theodore Vorburger in the Precision Engineering Division visited the Harbin Institute of Technology to

discuss surface metrology projects with an incoming NIST guest researcher and his supervisor.

Billibon Yoshimi in the Intelligent Systems Division delivered a series of lectures at the Beijing

University of Aeronautics and Astrophysics and Sichuan Union University and exchanged information on

computer vision and robotics. Yoshimi also explored potential collaborative experiments.

Swee Leong of the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division visited the Black and Decker

manufacturing plant in Singapore and discussed a collaboration on the SIMA Production Project. The

Division has a CRADA with Black & Decker, Italy.

Japan

John Dagata in the Precision Engineering Division conducted collaborative research related to scanned

probe microscopy applications with the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL). Degata has worked in the ETL

43
laboratory as a short-term AIST Visiting Research Scientist on four separate occasions in FY 1997 and FY

1998. Degata presented the most recent results of this collaboration at the Quantum Functional Devices

conference held in Gaithersburg November 5-7, 1997. Publications resulting from this collaboration

include J.A. Degata, Nanotechnology, 8 A3 (1997), J.A. Degata, T.Inoue, J.Itoh and H. Yokoyama, Appl.

Phs. Lett, submitted and J.A. Degata, T.Inoue, J.Itoh, K. Matsumoto and H. Yokoyama, J. Appl. Phys., in

preparation.

Al Jones of the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division collaborates with the Musashi University on

Supply Chain Management.

Germany

The AUTONAV research agreement between the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the German

Ministry of Defense for the development of the next generation autonomous vehicle navigation perception

and control system was signed November 8, 1996. NIST is one ofthe collaborators in the project that will

develop and implement advance core technology for more intelligent and robust autonomous vehicle

navigation control. AUTONAV focuses on obstacle detection, classification, and avoidance. NIST has a

separate agreement with DoD. The participants in AUTONAV are Bundesamt fuer Wehrtechnik und

Beschaffung, Universitat der Bundewehr Munchen, Domier GmbH, U.S. Army Research Laboratory,

Samoff Corporation and NIST. The AUTONAV agreement also involves Mercedes Benz.

Amy Knutilla of the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division collaborates on Process Specification

Language with the Fraunhofer Institute.

Italy

Bev Payne in the Automated Production Technology Division collaborates with the IMGC on the design

and construction of a new interferometer that will provide multiple reflections from the NIST super shaker

and thus improve resolution and usable frequency range for accelerometer calibrations. Zeina Jabbour in

the Automated Production Technology Division and the Precision Engineering Division has initiated a

collaboration with IMGC in mass standards.

Chuck McLean in the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division collaborates with the Politechno di

Milano on specification of interfaces for discrete event simulation systems.

Korea

Chuck McLean and Mike luliano in the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division collaborated uith the

Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) on architectures for Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Engineering tool integration.

Mexico

MEL and CENAM collaborate on laboratory intercomparisons of dimensional standards, mass artifacts,

accelerometers and microphones. Where possible, these intercomparisons will involve Canada and other

44
national laboratories. MEL also agreed to assist CENAM establish a homepage on the World Wide Web

to address issues and concerns of CENAM's customers in mechanical metrology.

W. Tyler Estler in the Precision Engineering Division is a technical advisor to the Large Millimeter

Telescope Project funded by the State of Massachusetts and Mexico.

Russia

Michael Postek and Samuel Jones in the Precision Engineering Division have a continuing collaboration

with the Centre for Fundamental Problems in Microelectronics and Hewlett-Packard in Palo Alto, CA in

Scanning Tunneling Microscope measurement methodology.

Spain

John Degata in the Precision Engineering Division collaborates with scientists at the Universidad

Autonoma de Barcelona to extend the understanding and control of the physical mechanism of scanned

probe oxidation.

Multilateral Activities

Zeina Jabbour ofthe Automated Production Technology Division conducts collaborative research with the

Bureau International Poids et Mesures (BIPM) on a new system for measuring solid density.

Jack Stone in the Precision Engineering Division is the lead for NIST's participation in a BIPM sponsored

international intercomparison of iodine stabilized lasers. The other participants are CENAM (Mexico),

NRC (Canada), JILA (USA) and BIPM. The results ofthe intercomparison will be published in

Metrologia.

An intercomparison for Rockwell hardness measurements was begim at NIST June 1998. Thirteen

countries participated, and the intercomparison is due to finish at the end of 1999. The Precision

Engineering Division is spearheading this effort for NIST.

Jerry Keller in the Automated Production Technology Division and Mary Carroll Croarkin in the

Statistical Engineering Division presented a workshop on statistical principles and techniques required for

performing high accuracy mass calibrations from 1 kg to 1 mg in May 1997. The team also prepared the

attendees from the CAMET region to participate in an intercomparison study of mass standards with in the

System for Inter-American Mefrology (SIM).

The office ofthe U.S. Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) secretariat is housed in the MEL. The

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems program is an international research effort focused on next generation

manufacturing and processing technologies. Dr. Richard H. F. Jackson is the U.S. representative on the

IMS Committee of Experts, which addresses technical matters and issues affecting the approval and

conduct of research projects. Research and development imder IMS is carried out through a series of

projects that are already achieving results. Six regions of the world—Australia, Canada, the European

Union, Japan, Switzerland, and the United States—currently participate in IMS. Korea is expected to join

in the near future. Each IMS project must have participants from a minimum of three regions. MEL

45
currently participates in three IMS projects: SIMON, MISSION, and STEP-NC. The IMS MISSION

(Modeling and Simulation Environments for Design Plaiming and Operation of Globally Distributed

Enterprises) Project is a multinational IMS project focusing on specifying neutral interfaces for the

integration of manufacturing simulation systems. NIST has the lead on this project. This project was

initiated in July 1998. The Sensor Fused Intelligent Monitoring System for Machining (SIMON) project

involves high speed machining and machining monitoring using smart sensor interfaces. NIST is working

with Canada, Germany and Japan on this project.

Theodore Vorburger in the Precision Engineering Division co-authored an invited keynote lecture to the

International Institute for Production Engineering Research General Assembly (CIRP) in China with

scientists from PTB and Nikon Research Laboratory (Japan).

NIST recently participated in the Wassenaar Arrangement as a technical consultant to the Department of

Defense. The Wassenaar Arrangement, led by the State Department, seeks to identify technologies that

should have limited export to certain sensitive countries. The Arrangement has participation from 33

countries, including countries of the European Union, Japan, Russia and the United States. The United

States is represented by delegates from the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense and the

Department of State.

Al Jones and Frank Riddick of the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division collaborate with

Loughborough University, United Kingdom, and the Technical University of Eindhoven, the Netherlands,

on reactive scheduling and scheduling system interfaces.

International Workshops and Conferences

The first two workshops of the 1997 International Conference for Enterprise Integration Modeling

Technology ('97 ICEIMT) were held at NIST April 16-18, 1997. Thirteen experts attended the Enterprise

Organization and Human Issues workshop and nine experts attended the Enterprise Metrics and Strategic

Standardization Policy workshop. NIST and the European Commission ESPRIT program co-sponsored

the '97 ICEIMT. The conference was held October 28-30, 1997 in Italy. The goal of this conference and

the conference held in 1992 was to find ways for the United States and European projects to work more

closely to develop the technology and standards to support enterprise integration.

Intelligent Systems and Semiotics (ISAS'97) Conference hosted by MEL's Intelligent Systems Division

(823) was the third in a series of annual conferences on intelligent systems held at NIST in Gaithersburg,

MD, September 22-25, 1997. The conference was co-sponsored by the IEEE Control Systems Society, the

National Science Foundation, and the Army Research Laboratory. The theme of this conference was "A

Learning Perspective" with papers presented by a broad cross-section of international researchers

representing fields as diverse as biomedical research and cognitive reasoning to evolutionary

progranmiing. The conference had an attendance of 105 people with 36 people attending the tutorials.

46
Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (850)

Contact Point: Dr. Dale HaU

The Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (MSEL) provides technical leadership and participates

in developing the measurement and standards infrastructure related to materials critical to U.S. industry,

academia, government and the public. MSEL's mission is to stimulate the more effective production and

use of materials by working with materials suppliers and users to assure the development and

implementation of the measurements and standards infrastructure for materials. Materials science and

engineering programs at NIST cover a full range of materials issues from design to processing to

performance.

Bilateral Activities

Australia

J. Michael Rowe in the NIST Center for Neutron Research advised the Australian Nuclear Science and

Technology Organization (ANSTO) on plans for research and reactor development. This helped to

establish a relationship with ANSTO for future neutron research.

Austria

Ryan McCormack in the Ceramics Division presented the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Technical

University of Vienna with graphical user interface software written at NIST for the Vienna ab initio

Stimulation Package (VASP). A workable user interface was established with the VASP, one of the most

advanced ab initio simulation packages in the world, making it accessible to a wider community of users.

Belarus

Jeffrey Lynn in the NIST Center for Neufron Research collaborates with scientists at the Institute of Solid

State and Semiconductor Physics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, on inelastic neutron scattering studies

of high quality single crystal samples of mutual interest.

Brazil

Albert Feldman in the Ceramics Division is collaborating with the Federal University of the Rio Grande of

the South (UFGRS) on developing thermal conductivity measurement methods and on measuring the

thermal conductivity of diamond and other thin film materials.

Canada

Sharon Glotzer of the Polymers Division collaborates with the University of Western Ontario on theory

and modeling of glassforming materials.

47
China

Eric J. Amis and Charles C. Han of the Polymers Division collaborate with the Institute of Chemical

Metallurgy, Academia Sinica on a database project for polymer/polymer and polymer/solvent

thermodynamic properties. Charles C. Han is also collaborating with the Institute of Chemistry, Academia

Sinica on reactive blending of LCP/thermoplastic polymers.

France

The Materials Reliability Division conducted an intercomparison of Charpy impact machines with the

Laboratoire National d'Essais. They are investigating the possibility of performing further comparisons

using the ASTM procedures.

Gregory McKenna of the Polymers Division has a joint project with the Institut Charles Sadron to re- analyze the original data of A.J. Kovacs on volume recovery of polymer glasses using "modem statistical"

techniques to ascertain whether or not the data are sufficiently precise to support the reported t-effective

paradox.

John Cahn of the Laboratory Office was awarded the degree Doctor Honoris Causis by the Universite

d'Evry in October 1996.

Germany

Sheldon Wiederhom of the Laboratory Office and Edwin Fuller in the Ceramics Division received a Humboldt Senior Research Award. Fuller conducted research at the Technische Universitat Dresden in

September 1998.

William Luecke in the Ceramics Division collaborates with the Technical Universitat Hamburg-Harburg

Arbeitsbereich Werkstoffphysik und Technologic on tensile creep of silicon nitride.

Douglas Smith in the Ceramics Division has a joint project with scientists at the Federal Institute for

Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in instrumented indentation or hardness testing on NIST/BAM

thin film systems under an Agreement with BAM initiated in 1994. Smith also has a three-year project

with the BAM to characterize coatings by micro- and nano-indentation techniques and to develop standard

reference coatings for a variety of applications. The Ceramics and Surface Technology Divisions also

collaborate with the BAM on the development and characterization of standard reference coatings for

optical, tribological, wear and adhesion testing.

George Quinn in the Ceramics Division is cooperating with the German Aerospace Research Institute

(DLR) on characterization of structural ceramics.

Charles C. Han and Cathy Jackson fi-om the Polymers Division are working in collaboration with the

Bayreuth University on the structure and morphology of crystalline block copolymers and on crystalline

polymer/thermoplastic polymer blends.

48
Sharon Glotzer of the Polymers Division is collaborating with the University of Mainz on two projects,

simulations of polymer melts and simulations of supercooled liquids.

Sam Low in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with the Materialprufungsamt Nordrhein-Westfalen in

the field of hardness standardization.

The Center for Neutron Research has a joint research program with the Forschungszentrum Julich for joint

development and use of a neutron spin echo spectrometer to study soft materials.

Greece

Alamgir Karim of the Polymers Division is collaborating with the Foundation for Research and

Technology (F.O.R.T.H.) for measuring the dynamics of chemically end-grafted polystyrene brushes in

good and poor solvents using dynamic light scattering.

Italy

Sharon Glotzer of the Polymers Division has a joint project with the University of Rome, Italy on

simulations of supercooled o-terphenyl.

Jack Douglas fi-om the Polymers Division is collaborating with the University of Pisa on the problem of

the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled fluids. Recent modeling has explained these

continuum hydrodynamics in terms of fluid heterogeneity in supercooled liquids, and a simple model

calculation seems to rationalize these observations very well. Work is being done to check this model

further.

Sam Low in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with scientists at Istituto di Metrologia G. Colonnetti

(IMGC) in the field of hardness standardization.

Ared Cezairliyan in the Metallurgy Division was a participant in the U.S.-Italy Joint Project on

Metrological Research and collaborated with the scientists at the Italian Metrology Institute on a project

related to thermophysical properties of high-temperature materials.

Israel

Daniel Josell in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with the Technion on microstructure and mechanical

properties of multilayer materials.

Japan

John Tesk of the Polymers Division had the honor of participating, as the only foreign member, on the first

review panel for a dental school, the University of Tokushima Dental School, Japan. Tesk and his

collaborator at Tokushima University were honored at the April meeting of the Japanese Society for

Dental Materials and Devices with the society' s annual award for the best publication in its two journals.

The paper is entitled "Simulation of Transient Thermal Stress in Gypsum-Bonded Investment" and

49
appeared in the December issue ofthe Dental Materials Journal. Tesk was also bestowed an honorary

membership in the Japan Society for Dental Materials.

Donald L. Hunston ofthe Polymers Division has a joint project with scientists at the National Research

Laboratory of Metrology (NRLM). A scientist at NRLM will spend a year at NIST to help Hunston

develop the single fiber fragmentation test method as part of an international program under VAMAS.

Charles C. Han of the Polymers Division collaborates with scientists from the Hashimoto Phasing project

of ERATO/JSTA. A joint workshop was organized and several research exchanges have taken place in the

past five years.

Francis W. Wang of the Polymers Division collaborates with Nihon University's School of Dentistry on

cure monitoring of dentin bonding systems and surface modifications of fillers for dental restorative

composites.

Hassel Ledbetter in the Materials Reliability Division collaborates with several scientists at the National

Research Laboratory of Metrology (NRLM) on solid-state viscoelastic properties, thermal expansivity of

SiC/Al composites, elastic constants and internal fiiction of low-dislocation-content silicon monocrystals

and graphite-fiber epoxy-matrix composite. Ledbetter has prepared several joint manuscripts on this

work. Ledbetter also collaborates with scientists at the National Institute for Research in Inorganic

Materials (NIRIM) on a study of YB^g monocrystal elastic constants Cy, In addition, Ledbetter initiated a collaboration to study elastic-constant/hardness. At the University of Tsukaba, Ledbetter collaborates

with scientists on elastic constants of (Ba-K)Bi03 superconductors.

Andy Sliflca in the Materials Reliability Division collaborates with researchers at the National Aerospace

Laboratory (NAL) on measurements ofthermal properties of functionally graded ceramic coatings on

metal substrates intended for a wide range of industrial applications. NIST is providing measurements of

absolute thermal conductivity over the temperature range of 100 to 800 degrees C. NAL is providing the

specimens and measurements of highflux thermal diffusivity.

Douglas Smith in the Ceramics Division participates in a joint research and development project on the

production and development of functionally graded materials (FGMs) with the Agency of Industrial

Science and Technology (AJST). FGMs are produced using a plasma arc sintering process. NIST is characterizing the mechanical properties of the coatings.

Stephen Hsu in the Ceramics Division has two joint projects with the Mechanical Engineering Lab (MEL).

The objective of the first project is to explore the use of carbon/carbon composites as machine elements

such as spindles, bears, and axes by laser fusing of the surface. This will eliminate porosity and increase

strength. Other participants in the joint project are New Energy Development Organization (NEDO) and

Vacuum Metallurgical Co., Ltd. in Japan. The second project aims to develop improved materials for total

joint replacement by studying the wear debris generation and formation of ultra-high molecular weight

polyethylene. Joint experiments were carried out and the results were exchanged. Several measurement

techniques were developed as a result of the collaboration. Other participants of this project include

NEDO and Kobe Steel of Japan.

50
Albert Feldman in the Ceramics Division collaborates with the National Institute for Research on

Inorganic Materials (NIRJM) on evaluation methods for CVD diamond films.

Jay Wallace and Edwin Fuller, Jr. in the Ceramics Division participate in a Japan-U.S. Research

Collaboration in Aluminum Nitride (AIN) Substrates. The pre-competitive research on AIN substrate

materials is a four-way collaboration between Dow Chemical Company in Midland, MI, which provides

AIN powder to Toshiba's Research and Development Center to fabricate test specimens. NIST develops

and conducts tests for characterizing the mechanical behavior and reliability of the AIN substrates, and the

National Industrial Research Institute ofNagoya (NIRIN) is responsible for processing studies and

microstructural characterization.

Sam Low and Dave Pitchure in the Metallurgy Division conducted an intercomparison ofthe Rockwell B

and C hardness scales with the National Research Laboratory of Metrology (NRLM).

Leonid Bendersky in the Metallurgy Division is collaborating with NKK Corporation in the discontinuous

coarsening in advanced aerospace materials.

Korea

Sam Low in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with scientists at the Korea Research Institute of

Standards and Science (KRISS) in the field of hardness standardization.

Norway

Gery Stafford in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with scientists at the Norwegian University of

Science and Technology on the electrodeposition of aluminum alloys fi-om chloroaluminate molten salt

electrolytes.

Poland

Francis W. Wang ofthe Polymers Division collaborated with the Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular

Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences in Lodz on processing of latexes for biosensors. Wang visited the

Centre and gave a lecture on cure monitoring of dental resins by fluorescence spectroscopy. Ajoint paper

entitled "Proteins at Surfaces of Poly(styrene/acrolein) Latexes and Latex Assemblies" was published.

Slovenia

Said Jahaimiir in the Ceramics Division participates in a joint research project with scientists at the

University of Ljubljana. The purpose of the project is to determine the influence of surface grinding on

rolling contact wear and fatigue of silicon nitride ceramics.

Sweden

Adam Powell in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with the Royal Institute in Stockholm on gas-solid

reactions.

51
Switzerland

William J. Boettinger in the Metallurgy Division has a joint project with the Swiss Federal Institute of

Technology (EPFL) on solidification of multicomponent alloys.

United Kingdom

Geoffrey McFadden (891) collaborates with the University of Southhampton under the auspices of a NASA grant entitled, A Phase-Field Motion Model of Solidification: hivestigation of Flow Effects During

Directional Solidification and Dendritic Growth.

Richard Fields in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with scientists at Cambridge University

Micromechanics Center in England. The joint research is aimed at developing models for powder

consolidation that can be used to accelerate the introduction of aluminum metal matrix composites into

U.S. manufactured automobiles.

Ewa Drescher-Krasicka in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with the University of Cambridge in

modeling associated with a new acoustic stress measurement developed at NIST.

James A. Warren and Adam C. Powell in the Metallurgy Division collaborate with the University of

Greenwich on solder flow and solidification.

Multilateral Activities

Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) is an international cooperative

program involving Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the European Union and

the United States. VAMAS supports trade in high technology products through international collaborative

projects aimed at providing the technical basis for drafting standards. Joseph Carpenter in the Ceramics

Division attended a meeting of the VAMAS to propose a collaboration or coordination between VAMAS

and Standard for the Exchange of Product data model (STEP). Stephen Hsu in the Ceramics Division is leading a VAMAS TWAl international roimd robin study on wear debris generation, characterization, and

representation of biomaterials.

Connected to the activity is the VAMAS TWA7 study on biocompatibility. George Quinn in the Ceramics

Division is the International Leader of VAMAS Technical Working Area (TWA) #3, Ceramics. Five

multinational round robins are underway in this TWA involving as many as 35 participating laboratories.

Douglas Smith in the Ceramics Division is vice-chairman of a new VAMAS Technical Working Area

(TWA) #22, Mechanical Property Measurement of Thin Films and Coatings. In this activity he co- organized an instrumented hardness round robin for coatings in cooperation with the National Physical

Laboratory (NPL), United Kingdom. Also, Smith participated in a round robin test on recording hardness

in VAMAS TWA #3.

George Onoda in the Ceramics Division is the coordinator of "The International Energy Agency (lEA)

Annex II Subtask 10, an international cooperative project involving Belgium, Germany, Japan, Sweden

and the United States. The objective of this project is to define standard procedures for the characterization

52
of secondary properties of ceramic powders and to coordinate with ASTM, CEN, and JIS in the

development of ISO standards.

Albert Feldman in the Ceramics Division took part in a round-robin on thermal conductivity

measurements on CVD diamond. Laboratories from Germany, France, Japan, China, and South Korea

participated in the round robin.

Stanley Dapkunas in the Ceramics Division was elected a Fellow of ASM International for distinguished

contributions in the field of materials science and engineering.

T. A. Siewert and C. N. McCowan in the Materials Reliability Division organized an international

comparison of the energy calibration of Charpy impact test machines. The standards laboratories in

Belgium, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom agreed to test specimens, while France and Belgium will

contribute additional specimens. The intercomparison will evaluate a variety of procedural and

specification issues such as differences between ASTM and European procedures and specimen heat

treatment variables.

Sharon Glotzer ofthe Polymers Division is collaborating with St. Francis Xavier University, Canada, and

the University ofNapoli, Italy, on spatial correlations in frustrated materials.

John Bonevich in the Metallurgy Division collaborates with Bologna University (Italy) and Hitachi

Advanced Research Lab (Japan) on electron holography of superconducting vortices.

International Workshops and Conferences

On June 18-20, 1997 NIST, the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing and the

German and American Societies for Nondestructive Testing organized an international workshop in

Germany on Reliability and Validation ofNon-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods.

MSEL organized a lecture series to provide an information base on the economic and technological

importance ofthe standardization system and how national and international standards infrastructures

organize, work and interface. The workshop addresses U.S. measurements and standards needs for

materials critical to advanced technology, global competition and international trade.

MSEL co-sponsored the Seventh International Conference on Computer Technology in Welding in San

Francisco in July 1997. This conference comprised 70 presentations from 18 countries, as well as tutorials

on advances in computer technology and software exhibits.

NIST Polymer Blends/ERATO POLYMER PHASING PROJECT joint workshop on Multiphase Polymers

and Polyelecfrolytes was held at NIST June 18-20,1997. The Hashimoto Polymer Phasing Project of the

Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) is sponsored by the Japan Science and

Technology Agency. There has been a continuous exchange of visits and research collaborations between

the Polymer Blends and Processing Group and the Hashimoto phasing project for the past five years.

The Center for Neutron Research was a co-sponsor of the International Conference on Neutron Scattering

held in Canada in August 1997.

53
International Committee Participation

Robert Shull in the Metallurgy Division is the Vice-Chairman of the International Advisory Committee

Nanostructured Materials, which is responsible for organizing the International Conferences on

Nanometer-Scale Materials.

54
Physics Laboratory (840)

Contact Point: Dr. Katharine B. Gebbie

The mission of the Physics Laboratory (PL) is to support United States industry by providing

measurement services and research for electronic, optical and radiation technologies. The Laboratory

pursues directed research in the physical sciences; develops new physical standards, measurement

methods, and data; conducts an aggressive dissemination program; and collaborates with industry to

commercialize inventions and discoveries. The Laboratory programs span the full range from tests of

fundamental postulates of physics through generic technology to the more immediate needs of industry

and commerce. Its constituency is broadly distributed throughout academia, government, and industry.

Bilateral Activities

Armenia

Gamett Bryant in the Atomic Physics Division was awarded a grant from the Civilian Research and

Development Foundation to conduct joint research with scientists in Armenia on carrier scattering in

quantum nanosystems.

Brazil

Scientists in the Time and Frequency Division, working with a Brazilian Guest Researcher, developed the

narrowest linewidth visible laser ever reported. The laser was developed while conducting research on

optical frequency standards.

Egypt

Under the auspices ofthe Memorandum of Understanding between NIST and the National Institute of

Standards (NIS), D. Wayne Hanson in the Time and Frequency Division is working with NIS staff on how

to use some resources of the communication satellite, Nilesat's, for the dissemination of time and

frequency information originating at the NIS laboratories.

France

For over ten years NIST has pursued a precision garmna-ray wavelength measurement program at the

Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). This program is a unique extension ofthe crystal lattice spacing

measurement program at NIST. Ernest Kessler and M. Scott Dewey in the Ionizing Radiation Division

conducted experiments to record precision high energy gamma ray wavelengths produced in the decay of

^* CI and performed routine maintenance on the NIST-ILL double flat crystal spectrometer (GAMS4).

Germany

The Ionizing Radiation Division collaborates with the Hahn Meitner Institute (HMI) on measurements of

neutron coherent scattering lengths. Scientists at HMI have been working with NIST scientists to measure

the scattering lengths for silicon and the isotope ^°*Pb. The silicon scattering length is a standard whose

55
published accuracy has been improved by a factor of 5 by the HMI-NIST measurements at the NIST

Neutron Interferometer and Optics Facility. The '"^Pb scattering length is a special case from which the

internal electric charge distribution of the neutron can be inferred.

Christopher Soares in the Ionizing Radiation Division collaborates with the Physikalisch-Technische

Bundesanstalt (PTB) on the development of beta-particle dosimetry standards. These standards are helping to improve practice in radiation protection and to bring these standards into greater international

coherence. Soares also collaborates with the University of Essen on the application of scintillation

counting systems to the determination ofthe spatial distribution of absorbed dose in water from

brachytherapy sources used in radiation therapy.

Peter Mohr in the Atomic Physics Division collaborates with the Technical University in Dresden on

high-Z one-electron atom data for calculation of vacuum polarization. This calculation is critical to the

determination of fundamental constants.

Japan

The Time and Frequency Division has joined with the Communications Research Laboratory of Japan to

build a copy of the NIST-7, the Nation's primary frequency standard. As new subsystems are developed

for the new NIST-7, a replicate is made to replace subsystems ofthe original NIST-7. CRL has ftilly

funded this project.

Mexico

The Time and Frequency Division and scientists at CENAM developed a workshop on "Characterization

of Clocks and Oscillators" and presented the workshop, in Spanish, at CENAM in April 1998. The

workshop was targeted to industrial and government elecfronics engineers in Mexico and Central and

South American coimtries. In addition, the Time and Frequency Division in collaboration with scientists

at CENAM have measured the phase modulation noise floor of a number of phase detectors for both

homodyne and heterodyne detection. These measurements form a basis for a model for noise in

commonly used phase detectors.

Russia

Standard Reference Materials are crucial to the international community monitoring nuclear waste sites in

the world's oceans. The Ionizing Radiation Division, in collaboration with "Typhoon" SPA, has begun

issuing a new family of low-level radionuclide natural-matrix SRMs for Ocean Studies. The first SRM

was issued this year: Ocean Sediment (SRM 4357), certified for fission products and actinides. Typhoon

assisted in collecting the next SRM matrix, Ocean Shellfish, which is currently being analyzed by NIST

and Typhoon in a worldwide interlaboratory comparison. Typhoon is currently collecting the next SRM

matrix, Seaweed.

Gerald Eraser of the Optical Technology Division was awarded a grant from the Civilian Research and

Development Foundation to conduct joint research with scientists in Russia on the development of a new

far-infrared molecular beam spectrometer. !

i

56
Saudi Arabia

In March 1997 the General Secretariat of the King Faisal Foundation honored Eric Cornell (848) of the

Quantum Physics Division and Carl Wieman ofthe University of Colorado with the 1997 King Faisal

International Prize in Science. Cornell and Wieman were recognized for their discovery of Bose-Einstein

condensation, a breakthrough in modem physics.

Sweden

William D. Phillips was selected as a co-winner of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Chu of

Stanford University and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of College de France and Ecole Superieure, France. The

Royal Swedish Academy selected the trio for work they did independently on the development of methods

to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Phillips is the first NIST employee in the agency's history to win

the Nobel Prize.

Taiwan

Jon Hougen, Senior Fellow in the Optical Technology Division, was appointed to the International

Advisory Panel for the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (lAMS) for a three-year term.

In collaboration with the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, the Ionizing Radiation Division's

Radioactivity Group developed a high-temperature borate fusion to totally dissolve soil samples. This

effort is a direct outgrowth of the NIST natural-matrix radionuclide SRM certification program. The

borate fusion will provide NIST with a very simple and reliable sample preparation method that will easily

dissolve even the most resistive minerals.

Multilateral Activities

A collaboration between staff ofthe Time and Frequency Division and researchers from Switzerland and

the People's Republic of China produced a major improvement in the short-term stability of a

rubidium-cell frequency standard. The Division also has a collaboration with Texas A«&M University, the

University of Germany, the Max-Planck Institute, both in Germany, and the Lebedev Institute in Russia to

study optical-coherence effects in dense rubidium vapor. The Time and Frequency Division also

collaborates with scientists fi-om the United Kingdom, Brazil, Japan and Canada on laser magnetic

resonance spectroscopic techniques.

The Ionizing Radiation Division, in collaboration with the Atomic Weapons Establishment (U.K.), British

Nuclear Fuels (U.K.), Environmental Measurements Laboratory (U.S.), Environmental Protection Agency

(U.S.), Geosciences Advisory Unit (U.K.), International Technology Corporation (Italy), Kanazawa

University (Japan), Laboratory of the Government Chemist (U.K), Laboratoire de Radioecologie Marine

(France), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (U.K.), Nuclear Electric (U.K.), Niedersachsisches

Institut fur Radiookologie (GermanyX National Physical Laboratory (U.K.), National Radiological

Protection Board (U.K.), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (U.S.), Oregon State University (U.S.),

Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (U.S.), South of Scotland Electricity Board (U.K.),

and Yankee Atomic Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), certified the radionuclide concentrations in SRM

4357 (Ocean Sediment). This material will be of critical importance to the international community

57
monitoring nuclear waste dumpsites in the world's oceans by providing a common measurement reference.

SRM 4357 will be followed up with additional ocean matrix low-level radionuclide standards—shellfish,

and seaweed.

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) elected Stephen Seltzer in

the Ionizing Radiation Division as one of its 13 Commission members, drawn from the international

radiation sciences community. The ICRU develops internationally acceptable recommendations on (a)

quantities and units of radiation and radioactivity, (b) procedures for the measurement and application of

these quantities in clinical radiology and radiobiology, and (c) physical data needed in the application of

these procedures.

International Committee Participation

Allan Carlson in the Ionizing Radiation Division was selected by the International Atomic Energy Agency

(IAEA) to chair the consultants group to examine the neutron cross section database for possible new

standards for data measurements and extension of existing standards.

The International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM) elected Bert Coursey, Chief, Ionizing

Radiation Division, as the next ICRM president at its annual meeting at NIST May 23, 1997. ICRM is the

central international organization in radionuclide metrology that disseminates information on techniques

and data related to radionuclide metrology to advance international cooperation. In conjunction with the

meeting, the ICRM and NIST co-sponsored the Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications at NIST, May 18-23, 1997.

International Workshops and Conferences

The Ionizing Radiation Division hosted the first workshop ofthe Council on Ionizing Radiation

Measurements and Standards (CIRMS) in April 1998. More than 70 U.S. and European scientists,

regulatory officials, medical professionals, medical equipment manufacturers and pharmaceutical

producers participated in the workshop.

The Physics Laboratory and the Standard Reference Data Program co-sponsored the First International

Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Application at NIST, September 29- October 2,

1997.

58
Technology Services (200)

Contact Point: Dr. Peter L.M. Heydemann

Technology Services (TS) provides U.S. industry and trade, government and the public, with

measurements, standards, and information services that increase competitiveness and facilitate trade by

promoting iimovation, improving quality, reducing cost, promoting the use and adoption of U.S.

standards, measurement practices and technology by important trading partners, and overcoming barriers

to trade. Activities include: cooperating with other departments and agencies of the Federal Government,

state and local governments in establishing uniform legal metrology practices, standards, codes, and

specifications; developing, producing, and distributing Standard Reference Materials; providing Standard

Reference Data; providing calibration and laboratory accreditation services; coordinating metric usage to

the extent practical in Federal Government procurement, grants, and business-related activities; managing

the Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR); and providing information services in support

ofNIST and collaborating with NISTs Laboratories in carrying out Technology Services responsibilities.

Technology Services international activities are performed within the Office of Standard Services (OSS).

OSS formulates and implements standards-related policies and procedures to enhance domestic commerce

and international trade. OSS provides representation to domestic and international organizations and

Federal agencies concerned with standardization, product testing, certification, laboratory accreditation,

and other forms of conformity assessment. Programs in OSS are dedicated to the following specific areas

in standards and conformity assessment: Laboratory Accreditation, Technical Standards Activities, Global

Standards, Standards Information, and Standards Conformity.

The Laboratory Accreditation Program manages the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program

(NVLAP). The program responds to legislative mandates, regulatory needs, and private sector requests for

third-party accreditation oftesting and calibration laboratories. The program is in full conformance with

the standards ofthe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International

Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), including ISO Guide 25, General Requirements for the Competence

of Calibration and Testing Laboratories, and ISO Guide 58, Calibration and Testing Laboratory SystemsGeneral Requirements for Operation and Recognition.

The Technical Standards Activities Program (TSAP) provides technical support for public and private

sector standards-related activities. TSAP manages U.S. participation in the International Organization of

Legal Metrology (OIML), a treaty organization that promotes global trade for harmonizing performance

requirements for measuring instruments used in legal metrology. TSAP also serves as the DOC technical

contact point to investigate non-tariff trade barriers for non-agricultural products under the World Trade

Organization (WTO) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT).

The Global Standards Program (GSP) provides technical information and support to Federal agencies and

industry to assist in resolving non-tariff trade-related issues on standards and conformity assessment. The

program provides technical support for activities ofthe Commerce Department's International Trade

Administration (ITA), such as the Special American Business Intern Training (SABIT) for Russian and

New Independent State (NIS) technical experts, the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA), recently

completed between the United States and the European Union, and in the ITA's Office for Asia and the

Pacific for standards and conformity assessment issues related to trade. GSP works with standards and

conformity assessment bodies in other countries to ensure adoption of common procedures based on

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international guidelines. GSP also participates in the activities of interagency groups to establish U.S.

Government positions for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the International

Committee on Developing Country Matters (DEVCO), and the United Nations Economic Commission for

Europe (UNECE). GSP administers a network of standards experts who work with U.S. businesses, other

government agencies, and foreign organizations to identify and remove technical barriers to trade in the

European Union, Argentina, India, Mexico, and Saudi Arabia. GSP conducts standards-related training

programs for technical experts from Russia and the NIS (the SABIT program), the Americas, the Middle

East, and other areas important for U.S. trade. Nine such programs were held in 1997 for delegations from

Argentina, Brazil, Russia and the NIS, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and countries of the Andean Pact.

When requested, GSP staff review standards-related and conformity assessment issues when other nations

seek accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding areas that may be of importance to U.S.

industry and exporters for trade with those nations.

The Standards Information Program (SIP) maintains the National Center for Standards and Certification

Information (NCSCI). The center serves as a central depository for standards-related information in the

United States, providing access to standards, technical regulations, and related documents published by

the United States and foreign governments, and domestic, foreign, and international private sector

standards organizations. SIP responds to domestic and foreign requests for information on U.S., foreign,

regional, and international standards, technical regulations, and conformity assessment procedures. Other

activities include: access to the network of information centers (ISONET) of the International

Organization for Standardization; serving as the U.S. inquiry point under the Agreement on Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). NCSCI operates the U.S. NAFTA

inquiry point, which provides information about standards and technical regulations of the NAFTA

countries. The center also operates two telephone "hotlines" that offer weekly updates on draft European

standards and proposed foreign regulations.

The Standards Conformity Program (SCP) manages NIST's assigned responsibilities under the Fastener

equality Act of 1990 (PL. 101-592), which includes: issuing final implementation regulations; approving

laboratory accreditation bodies to accredit fastener testing laboratories under the Act and implementing

regulations; and providing technical advice and assistance to the Bureau of Export Administration (BXA),

which is responsible for enforcing the Act and regulations, and to the Patent and Trademark Office, which

is responsible for recording insignia under the Act and regulations. SCP carries out accreditor recognition

activities under the its Accreditation Body Evaluation Program (ABEP). SCP also manages the National

Voluntary Conformity Assessment Evaluation Program (NVCASE), designed to evaluate and recognize

competent accreditors of laboratories, certifiers, or registrars of quality assessors.

Bilateral Activities

Australia

NVLAP participated in a reciprocal assessment activity with the National Association of Testing

Authorities in Australia (NATA). An agreement with Australia was signed to recognize the technical

equivalence of their testing and calibration laboratory accreditation programs.

60
Brazil

A Standards in Trade workshop was held for a delegation from Brazil in April 1997.

Canada

The NIST Accreditation Body Evaluation Program (ABEP) under the Fastener Quality Act (FQA)

recognized the accreditation body, the Standards Council of Canada (SCC) on December 19, 1997.

European Union

NIST is identified as the designating authority in four of the six sectoral aimexes of the U.S.-EU Mutual

Recognition Agreement, telecommunication, EMC, electrical safety and recreational craft. NIST will be

responsible for assessing the technical competence of prospective U.S. conformity assessment bodies (or

their accreditors) through the National Voluntary Conformity Assessment Systems Evaluation (NVCASE)

program, for listing these bodies under the MRA and for maintaining a surveillance program to assure continued competence.

NVLAP participated in a reciprocal assessment activity with the Hong Kong Laboratory Accreditation

Scheme (HOKLAS).

Japan

Belinda Collins, Director, Office of Standard Services, hosted the Second U.S. - Japan Joint Information

Exchange Forum on standards and conformity assessment issues January 9-10, 1997, at NIST. The Third

U.S.-Japan Joint Information Exchange Forum was held at NIST September 3-4, 1997.

The NIST Accreditation Body Evaluation Program (ABEP) under the Fastener Quality Act (FQA)

recognized the Japan Accreditation Board of Conformity Assessment December 19, 1997.

New Zealand

NVLAP participated in a reciprocal assessment activity with the International Accreditation ofNew

Zealand (lANZ). An agreement with New Zealand was signed to recognize the technical equivalence of

their testing and calibration laboratory accreditation programs.

Russia

John Rumble (231) was elected as a foreign member ofthe Metrology Academy of the Russian Federation

in May 1997.

Saudi Arabia

Starting in FY 1997, TSAP is coordinating a special project, initiated with SASO, to assist Saudi Arabia in

the development, adoption, and implementation of a Kingdom-wide building code program based on U.S.

building codes and standards and U.S. building technology.

61
In collaboration with the United States Trade Representative (USTR), the International Trade

Administration (ITA), and the Department of State, NIST works with Saudi Arabia on modifying the

Kingdom's International Conformity Certification Program (ICCP), which may prevent Saudi Arabia's

accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). NIST was asked to review all Saudi standards and to

replace obsolete ones with new standards that comply with WTO and are in agreement with U.S. and

international standards. This will be done in collaboration with U.S. industry.

United Kingdom

A NIST team led by Robert Gladhill of the Standards Conformity Program visited the United Kingdom

Accreditation Service (UKAS), the National Measurement Accreditation Service Branch to evaluate them

for ultimate recognition by NIST to accredit laboratories in accordance with the Fastener Quality Act. The

UKAS was approved by the ABEP panel as of April 23, 1997.

Vietnam

The Global Standards Program organized a seminar on U.S. standards and coriformity assessment for

twenty-one officials of Vietnamese companies November 17-18, 1997.

Multilateral Activities

NVLAP chairs the North American Calibration Cooperation (NACC), in which the United States, Canada,

and Mexico are working toward mutual recognition oftheir respective calibration laboratory accreditation

programs.

In Fiscal Year 1997, TSAP held nine working group meetings for OIML technical committees covering

projects on industrial radiation processing, evidential breath analyzers, load cells, material testing

machines, gas chromatographs for measuring pollutants, and liquid-in-glass thermometers.

SIP completed a Transparency Survey to Assess Availability and Access to Standards, Regulations and

Conformity Assessment Requirements for the Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCC) of

the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The survey was presented at the SCSC meeting of

APEC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Feb. 1, 1997. NCSCI is responsible for maintaining and

updating the database compiled from the survey for the APEC Secretariat.

In December 1996 Kathleen Gaaserud (203) traveled to Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, the United Arab

Emirates, Bahrain and Kuwait to meet with embassy officials, and standards and conformity assessment

officials in the Gulf Cooperation Coimcil (GCC) for general familiarization, to introduce Ed Wunder in his

expanded role as the NIST representative to all of the GCC countries, and to discuss and plan the February

1997 Standards in Trade Workshop.

In February 1997 a Standards in Trade Workshop was held for a delegation fi-om the Gulf Cooperation

Council countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). The

workshop familiarized GCC participants with and built confidence in U.S. technology and practices in

62
standardization, conformity assessment, metrology and measurement systems. U.S. participants became

more familiar with GCC practices.

In June 1997 a Standards in Trade Workshop was held for a delegation of 24 standards and conformity

assessment officials from both government and the private sector from the Andean Pact countries (Bolivia,

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela).

In July 1997 Pat Cooke in the Office of Standards Services participated, with staff from the International

Trade Adminisfration, in a standards trade mission to Southeast Asia. The delegation, including

representatives from trade associations, the standards industry and standards developers, conducted

technical seminars on standardization and conformity assessment in the Philippines and Vietnam.

In October 1996, with help from GOSSTANDART and the Kazak State Committee, seminars were

conducted in Kazakstan and Uzbekistan to translate and introduce U.S. and international standards in the

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and to frain staff at all levels in their use. This will help U.S.

industry gain access to markets in Central Asia, especially oil-rich Kazakstan.

In March 1998 the Office of Standards Services hosted a seminar on standards information for

representatives from 1 7 Latin American countries. The seminar was part of the Standards in Trade

Workshop program.

In June 1998 a Workshop on Legal Mefrology for the Americas was sponsored by NIST, the National

Conference on Weights and Measures, the Organization of American States (OAS), the Interamerican

Metrology System and the International Organization of Legal Metrology. Thirty-one of the 34 member

nations ofthe OAS participated.

International Committee Participation

Staff supports the incorporation of U.S. standards and practices into international standards through active

cooperation in international standards developing organizations like the International Standards

Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), and International Organization of

Legal Metrology (OIML).

Sam Chappell in the Office of Standards Services represents the United States on OIML and is the vicepresident of OIML.

GSP is the U.S. chair ofthe Standards Working Group under the U.S.-Russian Business Development

Committee ofthe Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission.

The OSS director was named vice-chair of International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) at the September 1996 meeting in Amsterdam, and became chair in October 1997.

63
Appendix 1

International Agreements

The following table lists the current status of all NIST institute-to-institute international agreements in

alphabetical order with implementing laboratory. These acronyms are used in the table: MOU = Memorandum of Understanding, MRA = Mutual Recognition Agreement, lA = Implementing Agreement,

R of D = Record of Discussion.

Memoranda of Understanding

Country Date Signed Termination date Comments

Argentina June 3, 1994 June 2, 1999 MOU with the National Institute for

TM/liie^'Mol ' 1 '^r*nnr\lf\m7 i T^VI' I'll rtT ttt^ inuusuiai 1 cLnnoiogy ^^ll> 1 oi me

Secretariat of Industry for cooperation

in chemistry, physics, and engineering

measurement science.

June TiinA J,'X 1lyyH QQA June Tiin<> Z,0 11777 QQQ iviv-'u wiin me oei<reiaridi oi ocience

and Technology (SECyT) for

cooperation in chemistry, physics, and

measurement science.

Brazil July 24, 1996 July 23, 2001 MOU with the National Institute of

Metrology, Standardization and

Industrial Quality (INMETRO) for

cooperation in chemistry, physics and

engineering measurement sciences.

Canada March 23, 1992 indefinite MOU with the Communication Security

Establishment (CSE) in information

security.

Canada April 28, 1992 indefinite MOU with the Canada Treasury Board

Secretariat, Administrative Policy

Branch in standardization supporting

government administration.

Czech Republic May 16, 1994 May 15, 1999 MOU with the Czech Office for

Standards, Metrology, and Testing

(COSMT).
Ecuador June 9, 1994 June 8, 1999 MOU with the Ecuadorian Institute of

Standardization (INEN) for cooperation

in chemistry, physics, engineering

measurements.

Egypt December 16, 1996 December 15,2001 MOU with the National Institute for

Standards (NIS) for cooperation in

measurement sciences in chemistry,

physics, and engineering related to

standards and conformity assessment.

India August 14, 1995 August 13, 2000 Statement of Intent with the Indian

National Physics Laboratory (NPL).

Indonesia November 16, 1994 July 7, 1997 MOU between the Department of

Commerce and the Ministry of State for

Research and Technology. The

Implementing Agencies are NIST and

the National Standardization Council

(DSN) for cooperation in standards,

metrology, and conformity.

Japan June 10, 1994 June 9, 1999 MOU with the Nippon Telephone and

Telegraph Corporation (NTT) for

cooperation in basic science and

telecommimications.

Kazakstan November 26, 1996 November 25, 2001 MOU with the Committee for

Standardization, Metrology and

Certification (Kazakstandart) on

standards, conformity and metrology.

Korea September 14, 1994 September 13, 1999 MOU with the Korean Research

Institute of Standards and Science

(KRISS) for cooperation in chemistry,

physics, and engineering measurement

sciences.

Korea October 11, 1994 October 10, 1999 MOU with the Korea Telecom Research

Laboratories (KTRL) for science and

technology cooperation in Broadband

Integrated Services Digital Network

(BISDN).

65
Korea September 15, 1994 September 14, 1999 MOU with the Electronics and

Telecommunication Research Institute

(ETRI) for science and technology

cooperation in BISDN.

Mexico December 4, 1996 December 3, 2001 MOU with the National Council for

Science and Technology (CONACYT),

the Secretary of Commerce and

Industrial Development (SECOFI) and

the National Center for Metrology

(CENAM) for cooperation in chemistry,

physics, engineering measurement

sciences, and standards related

activities.

The Netherlands July 13, 1994 June 30, 1999 MOU with The Netherlands

Measurement Institute (NMi) to

demonstrate intercomparison of primary

gas mixtures.

Russia March 23, 1993 March 22, 1998 MOU with the State Committee ofthe

Russian Federation for Standardization,

Metrology and Certification

(GOSSTANDARDT) for cooperation in

standards, conformity and metrology.

Russia July 16, 1996 July 15, 2001 MOU with the Russian Academy of

Sciences for cooperation on chemistry,

physics and engineering sciences.

Saudi Arabia July 29, 1997 July 28, 2000 MOU with the Saudi Arabian Standards

Organization (SASO) for technical

cooperation in standards and related

activities.

South Africa July 23, 1996 July 22, 2001 MOU with the CSIR, a Body Corporate

established in terms of the Scientific

Research Coimcil Act 1988 for

cooperation in chemistry, physics and

engineering measurement sciences.

Ukraine May 28, 1994 May 27, 1999 MOU with the State Committee of

Ukraine for Standardization, Metrology

and Certification (SCUSMC) for

cooperation in metrology,

standardization and certification.

66
Venezuela August 8, 1997 August 7, 2000 MOU with the National Council for

Scientific and Technological Research

(NCSTR) in engineering, chemistry,

physics and measurement science.

Multilateral May 15, 1990 indefinite MOU with six countries to establish

COMAR-computer access to Certified

Reference Materials (CRM).

Multilateral January 25, 1995 indefinite MOU with the 27 countries in five

regions (NORAMET, CAMET,

CAIOMET, ANDIMET and

SURAMET) of the Interamerican

Metrology System.

Multilateral March 10, 1996 March 9, 1999 MOU with the Standardization and

Metrology Organization for the Gulf

Cooperation Council Coimtries for

technical cooperation in standards

activities.

Multilateral April 4, 1995 April 3, 1999 MOU for Asia Pacific Laboratory

Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC).

Regional April 29, 1994 April 28, 1999 MOU with Canada and Mexico to

establish North American Calibration

Cooperation (NACC) calibrations and

metrology.

1

Regional April 29, 1994 April 28, 1999 MOU with Canada and Mexico to

establish measurement services in North

America (NORAMET).

Other Agreements

Country Date Signed Termination date Comments

Australia August 11, 1997 August 10, 1998 MRA between NVLAP and the National

Association of Testing Authorities

(NATA).

67
Canada February 2, 1994 February 1, 1999 MRA with the Standards Council of

Canada.

Canada September 28, 1995 October 1, 1997 Letter of Agreement with the National

Research Council on indoor air quality

modeling and material emissions.

(BFRL)

Canada May 15, 1995 May 14, 2000 MRA with the Canadian General

Standards Board. (TS)

Canada October 15, 1997 October 14, 1999 Statement of Intent with the Institute for

Research in Construction ofthe National

Research Council.

Canada August 9, 1995 indefinite lA with the Communication Security

Establishment (CSE) for cryptographic

module validation.

Chile May 2, 1994 indefinite Letter of Cooperation with the Comision

Chilena De Energia Nuclear (CCHEN).

(CSTL)

PRC (China) January 16, 1995 January 15,2000 Protocol with the State Bureau of

Technical Supervision (SBTS) for

cooperation in standards and metrology.

Czech Republic April 26, 1993 indefinite lA with the Prague Institute of Chemical

Technology (PICT).

Germany June 24, 1997 December 31, 2002 Cooperative Project among

Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe

(FIZ) and Gmelin-Institute fur

Anorganische Chemie der

Max-Planck-Gesellschafl zur Forderung

der Wissenschaften to develop a

crystallographic structural database for

inorganic substances.

Germany June 25, 1998 June 24, 2000 lA with the German Aerospace Research

Establishment (DLR) to compare

measurement techniques that determine

the thermal conductivity of ceramic

coatings on metallic substrates.

68
Germany March 27, 1995 indefinite Statement of Intent on recognition of

traceability of measurement standards

with the Physikalisch-Technische

Bundesanstalt (PTB).

Germany June 30, 1994 June 29, 1999 Letter of Arrangement with the

Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und

prufimg (BAM) for cooperative studies

on advanced materials. (MSEL)

Hungary November 22, 1984 indefinite lA under Article II and III of the

Agreement on Cooperation in Culture,

Education, Science and Technology for

exchange of scientists and information

with the Research Institute for Technical

Physics.

Hungary October 4, 1994 Octobers, 1999 Projects under umbrella U.S.-Hungary

Science and Technology agreement joint

fund.

Italy October 10, 1996 October 9, 1999 LA with the Istituto Elettrotecnico

Nazionale Galileo Ferraris (lEN) and

Politecnico di Torino (PT) to develop a

set of cesium-fountain frequency

standards-atomic clocks. (PL)

Japan March 21, 1996 indefinite Project agreement with the

Communications Research Laboratory to

pursue contractual arrangement to

construct and evaluate an optically

pumped primary frequency standard.

(PL)

Japan November 4, 1988 indefinite R of D with the Electrotechnical

Laboratory (ETL), Agency of Industrial

Science and Technology (AIST), MITI

to develop measurement devices and

superconductive materials. (EEEL)

Japan November 28, 1995 November 27, 1998 R of D with the Agency of Industrial

Science and Technology (AIST), MITI

for cooperation on vapor deposition

polymerization of thin polymer films.

(CSTL)

69
Japan May 5, 1995 May 4, 1997 R of D with the AIST on manufacturing

techniques of fusing carbon/carbon

composite materials to machine

elements. (MSEL)

Japan July 30, 1995 July 29, 1997 R of D with the AIST to develop

biocompatible artificial hard tissue

materials. (MSEL)

Japan May 5, 1995 May 4, 1998 R of D with the AIST to develop high

performance aluminimi nitride ceramics

through a low cost process. (MSEL)

Japan March 14, 1997 March 31, 1998 Consignment Agreement with the Real

World Computing Partnership of MITI

for joint optoelectronics project: NIST

selects, supervises and controls the U.S.

Broker (facilitator between the user with

a novel design and the suppliers who

perform fabrication). (EEEL)

Japan September 20, 1996 September 19, 1998 R of D with the Agency of Industrial

Science and Technology (AIST), MITI

for production and evaluation of

functionally gradient materials (FGM).

(MSEL)

Japan February 17, 1997 February 21, 1999 Implementing Agreement with the

National Aerospace Laboratory Kakuda

Research Center under the U.S.-Japan

Agreement for Science and Technology

to compare measurement techniques to

determine the thermal conductivity of

ceramic coatings on metallic substrates.

Japan October 16, 1992 October 15, 1997 Cooperative Research Project with the

National Research Institute for Metals

(NRIM) on a database ofproperties for

high-temperature superconductor

materials. (MSEL)

Japan January 12, 1998 January 11,2000 R of D with the National Institute of

Materials and Chemistry to research

quantitative surface analysis for catalyst

by electron spectroscopy. (CSTL)

70
Japan March 27, 1997 indefinite R of D with the National Research

Laboratory of Metrology on continuing

miercompansons oi naroness sianaaras.

(MSEL)

Korea August 16, 1993 August 15, 1998 Agreement with Korea Advanced

Institute of Science and Technology

N^/vio 1 lor cooperaiion m maienais

science. (MSEL)

Korea August 14, 1995 August 13, 1998 Project Aimex to the MOU with the

Korean Research Institute of Standards

and Science (KRISS) for cooperation in

laser spectroscopy. (CSTL)

Korea April 9, 1997 April 30, 1998 Project Armex D to the MOU with the

Korea Telecom Research and

Development Group of Korea

Telecommunications Authority (aka

KTRL) for science and technology

cooperation ATM/BISDN conformance

and interoperability testing. (ITL)

Korea September 26, 1995 September 25, 2000 Implementing Agreement under the

Science and Technology umbrella

agreement with the Korea Institute of

Energy Research (KIER) to exchange

science and technology knowledge and

conouci joini researcn m energy

technology. (BFRL)

The Netherlands February 29, 1996 indefinite Letter of Intent for cooperation with the

Nederlands Meetinstituut Van Swinden

Laboratory for cooperation on standards,

and equivalencies.

New Zealand April 7, 1983 July 17, 1998 Mutual Recognition Agreement between

NVLAP and the Testing Laboratory

Registration Council ofNew Zealand

(TELARC). Renewed 7/18/97 for one

year.

71
Kussia Marcn zo, ivv/ Marcn l /, zuuu I A with the Institute of Crystallography

of the RAS to study neutron and X-ray

reflectivity properties ofthe structure and

mechanisms of formation of Langmuir

Blodgett films. (MSEL)

Russia August 20, 1997 August 19, 1998 lA with the Russian State Metrological

and Certification Analytical Center

(ANTECH) a unit of the Russian

Committee for Standardization,

Metrology and Certification

(GOSSTANDART) to update the

Standard Reference Database on X-ray

Russia November 9, 1994 November 8, 2003 Letter of Agreement with the Institute of

"Typhoon" to develop ocean based

reference materials. (PL)

South Africa May 19, 1998 July 22, 2001 LA under the Agreement with CSIR.

(MEP)

American

Institute in

Taiwan

November 2, 1994 indefinite LA with the Telecommunications

Laboratories (TL) through American

Institute in Taiwan (AIT) and the Taipei

Economic and Cultural Representative

Office (TECRO) or (CCNAA) for

telecommunications. (ITL)

AIT/TECRO January 2, 1997 indefinite Cooperative Program in Physical

Sciences between the American Institute

in Taiwan (AIT) and the Taipei

Economic and Cultural Representative

Office (TECRO) in the United States.

AIT/Taiwan/

TECRO

September 15, 1998 September 14, 2002 lA with AIT/TECRO for cooperation in

the field of nanometrology. (MEL)

United Kingdom June 10, 1994 June 9, 1999 Letter of Arrangement with the National

Physical Laboratory or cooperative

studies on advanced materials. (MSEL)

i

72
Multilateral September 2, 1998 September 1,2000 International accord with France, United

Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Japan, Germany

and the EC- VAMAS- for cooperation on

materials science.

Multilateral October 1, 1996 January 1, 1999 Statement of Intent with the Danish

Institute of Fundamental Metrology and

Hungarian National Office of Measures

on intercomparison of electrolytic

conductivity solutions. (CSTL)

73
Appendix 2

Organizational Chart

National Institute of Standards and Technology

BouMef Labofatoriw

DwidNorcroM

Diractor

Raynond KairaiMr

Deputy Director Karen Brown

National Quai^

Program

Ac^Tvnistrabori

JoTQo Urtute

Tedinoiogy

SeMcas

teydenwn

OffioaoTtha CMef Financial Olfcer

Advanced

Tedwology

LuraPawrt

ManufadurinQ

r»twielon PartnereNp

KMinCwr

Bedronicsand

Bectrical Engineering

l-alxxatory

nooofi I Moner

Manufacturing

Engnaenng

t-aboratory id Tedmology

Latxratoiy

Ptiysio

Latmratary

Kflltarins Gfltabis

IMBriatoSdenoe

snd Cnginftwinfl

SfnMh

BuMing and Fira ReeeuiUi

Latnratory

Technology

l-ataretory

ShuloiMUdd

74
Appendix 3

Abbreviations

Agency on Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

American Institute in Taiwan (AIT)

Russian State Metrological and Certification Analytical Center (ANTECH)

Asian Pacific Economic Community (APEC)

American Association for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Advanced Technology Program (ATP)

Bahba Atomic Research Center (BARC)

U.S.-Israel Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation (BIRD)

Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (BISDN)

Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL)

International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM)

Cable-Access Television (CATV)

Common Criteria (CC)

Comite Consultatif d'Electricite (CCE)

Consultative Committee du Metrologie (CCM)

Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB)

Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM)

Comite Consultatif de Thermometrie (CCT)

National Center for Metrology (CENAM)

International Council for Building Research, Studies and Document (CIB)

Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Technologicas (CIEMAT)

International Committee on Weights and Measures (CIPM)

National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT)

National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICIT)

Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (CNR)

Centro Radiochimica e Analisi per attivazione (CNR)

Conference on Computer Assurance (COMPASS)

Coating Research Institute (CORI)

Certified Reference Material (CRM)

Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO)

Communications Security Establishment (CSE)

Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment (CSTB)

Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL)

Directorate General XII (DGXII)

Deutsches Kalibrierdienst (DKD)

European Commission (EC)

75
erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)

Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL)

Instituto Nationale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni lonizzanti Roma (ENEA)

Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL)

European Union (EU)

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Forschungsgesellschaft fur Informationstechnik mbH (FIT)

Ministry of Development (FOMENTO)

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYR of Macedonia)

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Russian Conmiittee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (GOSSTANDART)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Indian Association for Cultivation of Science (lACS)

International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC)

Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale "Galileo Ferraris" (lEN)

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP)

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)

Indian Institute of Science (IIS)

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)

Institute Laue Langevin (ILL)

Istituto di Metrologia "G. Colonnetti" (IMGC)

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS)

National Metrology and Standards Institute of Brazil (INMETRO)

Inmiigration and Naturalization Service (INS)

National Institute for Industrial Technology (INTI)

Institute for Research in Construction (IRC)

International Standards Organizations (ISO)

Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS)

International Trade Administration (ITA)

Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)

Information Technology Laboratory (ITL)

Korean Institute of Energy Research (KIER)

Korean Research Institute of Standard Sciences (KRISS)

Korea Telecom Research Laboratories (KTRL)

European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS)

Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL)

Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)

Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

76
Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (MSEL)

National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

National Security Agency's National Computer Security Center (NCSC)

National Center for Standards and Certification Information (NCSCI)

Network in Microelectronic System Integration Packaging (NETPACK)

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

National Institute of Standards (NIS)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Nederlands Meetinstituut (NMi)

Nederlands Meetinstituut Van Swinden Laboratory (NMi VSL)

National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML)

National Physical Laboratory (NPL)

National Research Council (NRC)

National Research Laboratory (NRL)

National Science Council (NSC)

National Science Foundation (NSF)

National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)

Office of Academic Affairs (OAA)

Organization of American States (OAS)

Office of International Affairs (01A)

Office of International and Academic Affairs (OIAA)

International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML)

Oficina Nacional de Normas y Unidades de Medida (ONNUM)

Process Industry Executive for Achieving Business Advantage Using Standards of Data Exchange

(PIEBASE)

Physics Laboratory (PL)

polar mode dispersion (PMD)

Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI)

Politecnico di Torino (PT)

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

Police Scientific Development Branch (PSDB)

Russian Academy of Science (RAS)

International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures (RILEM)

R&D Institute of Metals and Composites for Future Industries (RIMCOF)

Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO)

Secretariat of Science & Technology (SECyT)

Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Development (SECOFI)

Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI)

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Standard Reference Materials (SRM)

77
Science and Technology (S«feT)

Japanese Science and Technology Agency (STA)

Standard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP)

Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO)

Technical Standards Activities Program (TSAP)

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIER)

Taiwan Telecommimication Laboratories (TL)

U.S./Israel/Jordan Trilateral Industrial Development Initiative (TRIDE)

U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR)

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

United States Information Agency (USIA)

Federal University ofthe Rio Grande of the South (UFGRS)

U.S.-India Fund (USIF)

U.S. Special Trade Representative's Office (USTR)

Very-Large Scale Integration (VLSI)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

I

i

78


Technical Publications

Periodical

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology—Reports NIST research and

development in those disciplines of the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active.

These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Papers cover a broad

range of subjects, with major emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying

standardization. Also included from time to time are survey articles on topics closely related to the Institute's technical and scientific programs. Issued six times a year.

Nonperiodicals

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scientific and technical activities. Handbooks—Recommended codes of engineering and industrial practice (including safety codes) developed

in cooperation with interested industries, professional organizations, and regulatory bodies.

Special Publications—Include proceedings of conferences sponsored by NIST NIST annual reports, and

other special publications appropriate to this grouping such as wall charts, pocket cards, and bibliographies.

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properties of materials, compiled from the world's literature and critically evaluated. Developed under a

worldwide program coordinated by NIST under the authority of the National Standard Data Act (Public Law

90-396). NOTE: The Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (JPCRD) is published bi-monthly for NIST by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the American Institute of Physics (AlP). Subscriptions,

reprints, and supplements are available from ACS, 1 155 Sixteenth St., NW, Washington, DC 20056.

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materials, components, systems, and whole structures. The series presents research results, test methods,

and performance criteria related to the structural and environmental functions and the durability and safety

characteristics of building elements and systems.

Technical Notes—Studies or reports which are complete in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a

subject. Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the

subject area. Often serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NIST under the sponsorship of other government agencies.

Voluntary Product Standards—Developed under procedures published by the Department of Commerce in Part 10, Title 15, of the Code of Federal Regulations. The standards establish nationally recognized

requirements for products, and provide all concerned interests with a basis for common understanding of the

characteristics of the products. NIST administers this program in support of the efforts of private-sector

standardizing organizations.

Order the following NIST publications—FIPS and NISTIRs—from the National Technical

Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.

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constitute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register. The Register serves as the official source

of information in the Federal Government regarding standards issued by NIST pursuant to the Federal

Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended. Public Law 89-306 (79 Stat. 1 127), and as implemented by Executive Order 11717 (38 FR 12315, dated May 11, 1973) and Part 6 of Title 15 CFR

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copy or microfiche form.
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