TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-04-00459-CR

David Clifton Spurk, Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BASTROP COUNTY, 21ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 10,393, HONORABLE TERRY L. FLENNIKEN, JUDGE PRESIDING

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

Appellant David Spurk was arrested for assault while under community supervision

for the offense of intoxication manslaughter. Shortly after Spurk’s arrest, the State moved to revoke

his probation. At his probation revocation hearing, the district court found that Spurk had violated

the conditions of his probation that required him to abstain from the use of alcohol and to make

monthly payments for his fine, court costs, and probation supervision fee. In two issues, Spurk

asserts that the evidence is insufficient to support revocation of his probation and that the district

court’s restitution order denied him due process of law. We affirm the district court’s order.

BACKGROUND

Spurk was convicted of intoxication manslaughter on April 8, 2003. The district

court assessed a ten-year sentence and placed Spurk on community supervision for ten years. It also
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ordered Spurk to pay a $20,000 fine, spend 180 days over ninety consecutive weekends in jail,

complete 400 hours of community service, and pay restitution “in an amount to be determined.” The

court imposed twenty-one conditions of probation, including conditions that Spurk (1) not commit

any new offense, (2) abstain from the use of alcohol and other intoxicants, (10) pay his fine and

$211.25 court costs in $200 monthly installments, and (11) pay a probation supervision fee of $40

per month.

Spurk appealed his conviction and sentence on May 7, 2003, but on June 25, 2003,

he withdrew his appeal. Also on June 25, the court issued an order modifying the conditions of

Spurk’s community supervision. The order prohibited Spurk from operating any motor vehicle

without an alcohol-detecting interlock system and set the amount of restitution at $26,891.89, to be

paid in installments of $244.50 per month (Spurk’s fine, costs, and supervision fee required a

combined monthly payment of $484.50). The order also recited that Spurk had waived his right to

a revocation hearing. Spurk had 90 days from June 25, 2003, to appeal the modification order.

Because he did not do so, we do not have a record of the evidence that the court heard in reaching

its decision on the amount of restitution. 

Spurk was arrested at his home on May 10, 2004, and charged with assaulting his

girlfriend. The arresting officers testified that they smelled alcohol on Spurk’s breath. The State

filed a motion to revoke Spurk’s probation, alleging that Spurk had violated conditions (1) and (2)

of his probation by assaulting his girlfriend and consuming alcohol on May 10. It also alleged that,

before May 10, Spurk had violated conditions (10) and (11) by failing to make monthly payments

as ordered.
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The court held a revocation hearing on July 1, 2004. The court heard testimony from

several witnesses, including Spurk, his girlfriend, his ex-girlfriend, his probation officer, two of the

arresting officers, and his girlfriend’s mother.

Spurk’s girlfriend, Melyssa Carroll, testified that she drank beer at the home of

Spurk’s brother on May 10 and became very intoxicated, but Spurk did not drink that night. Carroll

stated that she insisted on driving home, over Spurk’s protests. After arriving home, Carroll recalled

pouring a beer for herself in front of Spurk, “just to upset him.” Spurk told her that if she was going

to drink, she had to leave or he would leave. When Spurk started to take her keys to the house and

the mailbox, Carroll testified that she threw her cup of beer at him, splashing it on his chest. She

said that she attacked Spurk in an attempt to retrieve her keys and he fended her off. During the

altercation, both of them sustained minor scratches and Carroll was bruised. Carroll testified that

she took two knives from the kitchen, trapped Spurk in the bedroom, and soon after, heard knocking

at the door. Carroll “hurried” to the kitchen, returning the knives while Spurk answered the door—to

the police. Fearing that she would go to jail, Carroll stated that she did not tell the police about the

knives or give an accurate account of the altercation. While the police were still at the scene, she

completed an “assault victim statement,” identifying Spurk as the aggressor and alleging that he had

choked her and held down her wrists. Carroll recalled giving another statement two weeks later, at

the request of Spurk’s counsel. In that second statement and during the revocation hearing, Carroll

contradicted her initial version of the May 10 incident, claiming that the information in her assault

victim statement was incorrect.
 Spurk’s parents and his neighbortestified that theyhad not seen Spurk drink since he began 1

his probation.

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Spurk testified that he did not drink alcohol on May 10 and denied telling the

arresting officers that he had been drinking. He corroborated Carroll’s testimony that she had been

intoxicated and that she had thrown a cup of beer at him.

Spurk’s ex-girlfriend, Chelsea Graham, testified that she was also at the home of

Spurk’s brother on May 10. She stated that Carroll drank beer, became intoxicated, and passed out,

but Spurk had not been present while Carroll was drinking. Graham testified that Spurk did not

allow her to drink when she was with him because he could not “be around alcohol.”1

Cindy Parker, Spurk’s probation officer, testified that Spurk was delinquent in

payment of his fees, fines, and restitution. She stated that Spurk paid a total of $740 but none of his

payments were for the full monthly amount of $484.50. Based on his delinquent payments and the

assault offense, Parker opined that Spurk was not a good candidate to continue on probation.

Officer Patricia Bruggeman testified that she and two other police officers responded

to the May 10 domestic disturbance call from Spurk’s neighbor that culminated in Spurk’s arrest.

Once inside Spurk’s apartment, Bruggeman spoke with Carroll, who did not show any signs of

intoxication. Bruggeman recalled Carroll identifying Spurk as the aggressor and stating that he

“started hitting her in the head with his fingers” and choked her. Bruggeman also testified that, “in

a round-about way,” Carroll said that Spurk made her drive him home because he was intoxicated.

When Bruggeman spoke with Spurk, he denied choking Carroll. Bruggeman noted that his breath
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smelled slightly of alcohol. Bruggeman denied that Spurk’s clothing or any part of the rug was wet,

contrary to Carroll’s testimony that she had thrown beer on him. When Bruggeman told Spurk that

he “was under the age to be drinking” and asked him why he was drinking, Spurk replied that “he

did not know,” but did not deny drinking.

Officer Axel Goldman testified that he also participated in Spurk’s May 10 arrest.

Goldman denied detecting any signs of intoxication on Carroll, but he said that Spurk had a “pretty

strong odor” of alcohol coming from his breath and his eyes were “relatively bloodshot and glassy.”

Goldman stated that he was “absolutely certain” that the odor of alcohol came from Spurk’s breath.

Goldman further testified that Spurk “said he had been drinking.”

Debra Williams, Carroll’s mother, testified that Carroll had a drinking problem.

Williams said that her daughter had been to “rehab,” relapsed, and was sometimes physically

combative when drunk.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the court found insufficient evidence that Spurk

violated condition (1) of his probation (prohibition against the commission of any new offense). But

it found sufficient evidence that Spurk violated conditions (2) (prohibition against use of alcohol),

(10) (payment of his fine and court costs in monthly installments of $200), and (11) (payment of his

probation supervision fee). It therefore granted the State’s motion to revoke probation, ordering

Spurk’s incarceration for ten years and payment of $26,151.89 in restitution. Spurk filed a motion

for new trial and a motion in arrest of judgment on August 2, 2004. Both motions were overruled

by operation of law. This appeal followed.
 Several of our sister courts have concluded that a factual sufficiency review is unavailable 2

in probation revocation proceedings. See Johnson v. State, 2 S.W.3d 685, 687 (Tex. App.—Fort

Worth 1999, no pet.); Johnson v. State, 943 S.W.2d 83, 85 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997,

no pet.); Brumbalow v. State, 933 S.W.2d 298, 300 (Tex. App.—Waco 1996, pet. ref’d).

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DISCUSSION

On appeal, Spurk contends that the evidence is insufficient to support revocation of

his probation and that he was denied due process of law by the district court’s entry of the restitution

order.

Standard of review

Review of an order revoking probation is limited to a determination of whether the

trial court abused its discretion. Cardona v. State, 665 S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984);

Jackson v. State, 645 S.W.2d 303, 305 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). An abuse of discretion occurs “only

when the trial judge’s decision was so clearly wrong as to lie outside the zone within which

reasonable persons might disagree.” Cantu v. State, 842 S.W.2d 667, 682 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992).

The trial court is the judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their

testimony. Garrett v. State, 619 S.W.2d 172, 174 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981); Mauney v. State, 107

S.W.3d 693, 695 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003, no pet.). We view the evidence presented in a

revocation proceeding in a light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling. See Garrett, 619 S.W.2d

at 174; Mauney, 107 S.W.3d at 695.2
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Sufficiency of evidence for revocation

In his first issue, Spurk argues that there is insufficient evidence to support the district

court’s revocation of his probation. In probation revocation proceedings, the State has the burden

of proving a violation of the terms of probation by a preponderance of the evidence. Cobb v. State,

851 S.W.2d 871, 873 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Willis v. State, 2 S.W.3d 397, 399 (Tex.

App.—Austin 1999, no pet.). The State satisfies this standard “when the greater weight of the

credible evidence before the court creates a reasonable belief that a condition of probation has been

violated as alleged.” Jenkins v. State, 740 S.W.2d 435, 437 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). A finding of

a single violation of the terms of probation is sufficient to support the court’s revocation order.

Sanchez v. State, 603 S.W.2d 869, 871 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980). Thus, if the district court did not

abuse its discretion in finding that Spurk violated at least one condition of his probation, Spurk’s first

issue must be overruled. With these principles in mind, we consider whether sufficient evidence

supported the court’s finding that Spurk violated his probation by failing to make monthly payments

on his fine, costs, and supervision fee.

Cindy Parker, Spurk’s probation officer, testified that Spurk was delinquent in

payment of his fees, fines, and restitution. She stated that Spurk paid a total of $740 but none of his

payments were for the full monthly amount of $484.50. Based on his delinquent payments and the

assault offense, Parker opined that Spurk was not a good candidate to continue on probation.

Viewed in the light most favorable to the district court’s ruling, this evidence is

legally sufficient to support a finding that Spurk violated conditions (10) and (11) of his probation

by failing to make the monthly payments as ordered. Having found that there is sufficient evidence
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to establish that Spurk violated his probation by failing to make monthly payments on hisfine, costs,

and supervision fee, we need not determine whether there is sufficient evidence to show that he

violated condition (2) by consuming alcohol. See Sanchez, 603 S.W.2d at 871. We overrule Spurk’s

first issue.

Due process

In his second issue, Spurk contends that he was denied due process by the district

court’s restitution order. Spurk did not specify whether his complaints pertain to the restitution

ordered after the June 25, 2003 hearing, or to the restitution ordered after the July 1, 2004 revocation

hearing, or both. Spurk’s arguments in both contexts are unpersuasive. 

Spurk’s due process complaints concerning the June 25 hearing are untimely. An

appellant must file notice of appeal within 30 days after sentencing, or if he files a timely motion for

new trial, within 90 days of sentencing. Tex. R. App. P. 26.2(a). This Court lacks jurisdiction to

address the merits of an appeal that is not timely perfected. Slaton v. State, 981 S.W.2d 208, 210

(Tex. Crim. App. 1998). When a court enters a restitution order after entering a probationary

sentence, the sentencing is incomplete until the entry of the restitution order. See Bailey v. State, 160

S.W.3d 11, 15 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). Here, Spurk could have appealed issues arising from his

conviction and sentencing until September 23, 2003, the 90th day after the June 25, 2003 restitution

hearing, which was the final stage of his sentencing. He cannot now, in his appeal from the

probation revocation, challenge an issue concerning the underlying trial. See id. at 13 (citing Tex.

Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 23(b) (West Supp. 2005)). Because Spurk filed his appeal more
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than a year after his June 25 restitution hearing, it is untimely and we lack jurisdiction to address

issues related to that proceeding.

Spurk’s arguments concerning the July 1 revocation hearing are similarlyflawed. He

contends that the district court’s restitution order “lacks a factual basis in the record.” To address

this argument, it is helpful to review the events of Spurk’s underlying conviction. After Spurk’s jury

trial for intoxication manslaughter, the district court placed Spurks on ten years’ probation and

ordered him to pay a $20,000 fine and $26,891.89 in restitution. The court entered the restitution

order on June 25, 2003. Spurk had 90 days from that date to appeal the order. Because he did not

do so, we do not have a record of the evidence that the court heard in reaching its decision on the

amount of restitution. But the amount of restitution that the court ordered is certain and the time to

raise an appellate challenge to that amount has expired.

When the court subsequently revoked Spurk’s probation, it was required to enter the

restitution due as of the date of the revocation. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.03, § 2(b)

(West Supp. 2005) (“In all revocations of a suspension of the imposition of a sentence the judge

shall enter the restitution or reparation due and owing on the date of the revocation.”). In this case,

the record shows that Spurk paid $740 of the total $26,891.89 restitution ordered by the court. On

the date of the revocation hearing, Spurk still owed a balance of $26,151.89 in restitution, calculated

as the difference between the total amount of the court-ordered restitution and Spurk’s restitution

payments. The district court entered this amount when it revoked Spurk’s probation and its actions

were in accordance with the code of criminal procedure.
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Next, Spurk argues that the restitution order should be declared void because the

order was not made in Spurk’s presence, in open court. In support of his argument, Spurk cites the

code of criminal procedure’s requirement that a written judgment should describe the restitution

ordered. See id. art. 42.01, § 1(25) (West Supp. 2005). Section one of article 42.01 defines a

judgment as “the written declaration of the court signed by the trial judge and entered of record

showing the conviction or acquittal of the defendant.” Id. art. 42.01, § 1 (emphasis added). A

probation revocation proceeding is an administrative hearing, not a criminal trial involving a

conviction or acquittal. Cobb, 851 S.W.2d at 873. Thus, while article 42.01 applied to the

sentencing order in Spurk’s underlying trial for intoxication manslaughter, it did not apply to the

subsequent revocation order made the basis of this appeal. We overrule Spurk’s second issue.

CONCLUSION

Having overruled both of Spurk’s issues, we affirm the district court’s order.

________________________________________

Bob Pemberton, Justice

Before Chief Justice Law, Justices B. A. Smith and Pemberton

Affirmed

Filed: June 30, 2006

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