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17-2622

Ou v. Barr

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A 

SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY 

FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. 

WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST 

CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION 

“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT 

ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the 

Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 

20th day of April, two thousand twenty.

Present:

BARRINGTON D. PARKER,

DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON,

JOSEPH F. BIANCO,

Circuit Judges.

_____________________________________

ZHIHUA OU,

Petitioner,

v. 17-2622

WILLIAM P. BARR, United States Attorney General,

Respondent.

_____________________________________

For Petitioner: YEVGENY SAMOKHLEB, Law Offices of Yevgeny 

Samokhleb, P.C., New York, NY

For Respondent: KATHERINE A. SMITH, Office of Immigration Litigation, 

United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a Board of Immigration 

Appeals (“BIA”) decision, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that 
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the petition for review is DISMISSED in part and DENIED in part.

Petitioner Zhihua Ou, a native and citizen of China, seeks review of an August 8, 2017 

decision of the BIA affirming an October 21, 2016 decision of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”)

denying Ou’s request for asylum as time-barred and denying his request for withholding of 

removal and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) on the merits. In re Zhihua 

Ou, No. A 087-646-893 (B.I.A. Aug. 8, 2017), aff’g No. A 087-646-893 (Immig. Ct. New York 

Oct. 21, 2016). The government moves to dismiss in part for lack of jurisdiction and summarily 

deny in part Ou’s petition for review. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying 

facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

Under the circumstances of this case, we consider both the IJ’s and the BIA’s opinions “for 

the sake of completeness.” Wangchuck v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 448 F.3d 524, 528 (2d Cir. 

2006).

I. Asylum

An alien is ineligible for asylum “unless the alien demonstrates by clear and convincing 

evidence that the application has been filed within 1 year after the date of the alien’s arrival in the 

United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B). Our jurisdiction to review the agency’s findings 

regarding the timeliness of an asylum application is limited to “constitutional claims or questions 

of law.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D). For jurisdiction to attach, such claims must be colorable. 

Quito v. Barr, 948 F.3d 83, 93–94 (2d Cir. 2020).

Ou fails to raise a colorable constitutional question or question of law. Contrary to Ou’s 

argument, the IJ did not commit legal error by requiring corroboration where none could 

reasonably be produced. See Wei Sun v. Sessions, 883 F.3d 23, 28 (2d Cir. 2018); Diallo v. I.N.S., 

232 F.3d 279, 287 (2d Cir. 2000). Rather, the IJ made an adverse credibility determination—a
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factual finding, see, e.g., Singh v. Barr, 939 F.3d 457, 464 (2d Cir. 2019)—that Ou disputes. The 

IJ gave little weight to the testimony of Ou’s alleged cousin because she had no personal 

knowledge of when Ou arrived in the United States. Likewise, the IJ declined to credit the 

testimony of another witness who claimed to have seen Ou in China in early December 2008 

because of inconsistencies between her testimony and Ou’s. In making these factual 

determinations, the IJ applied the relevant legal standards, permissibly weighed the evidence 

presented, and provided specific reasons for the ultimately adverse credibility determination, so 

Ou’s contention that the IJ committed legal error is without merit. See Hong Fei Gao v. Sessions, 

891 F.3d 67, 76–79 (2d Cir. 2018). Accordingly, we lack jurisdiction to review Ou’s claim 

regarding the timeliness of his asylum application.

II. Withholding of Removal and CAT Relief

As an initial matter, we deny the government’s motion for summary denial because that is 

appropriate only in exceptional circumstances where a petition for review is “frivolous” or 

“presents no arguably meritorious issue.” Pillay v. I.N.S., 45 F.3d 14, 17 (2d Cir. 1995) (per 

curiam); United States v. Davis, 598 F.3d 10, 13 (2d Cir. 2010). Nevertheless, because Ou has 

filed a brief and has failed to articulate a legal basis to challenge the agency’s decision, we construe 

the government’s motion as its brief and dispose of Ou’s petition on the merits. See 

Ponnampalam v. Barr, 769 F. App’x 25, 26 (2d Cir. 2019); Mengquan Zhao v. Holder, 438 F. 

App’x 2, 3 (2d Cir. 2011).

To qualify for withholding of removal under 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3), an applicant must

demonstrate “that it is more likely than not that he or she would be persecuted on account of race, 

religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” 8 C.F.R. 

§ 1208.16(b)(2). To qualify for relief under the CAT, an applicant must show “that it is more 
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likely than not that he . . . would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of removal.” 8 

C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2). Ou arguesthat he has established a well-founded fear of persecution and, 

therefore, has also made out a prima facie case for relief. But he does not challenge the IJ’s 

adverse credibility finding as to Ou’s claim of persecution or his asserted adherence to 

Catholicism. These findings were the basis of the IJ’s determination that Ou had failed to 

establish either past persecution or a fear of future harm. See Jian Xing Huang v. U.S. I.N.S., 421 

F.3d 125, 129 (2d Cir. 2005) (“In the absence of solid support in the record for [petitioner’s] 

assertion that he will be [persecuted], his fear is speculative at best.”); see also Banegas Gomez v. 

Barr, 922 F.3d 101, 109 (2d Cir. 2019). By not challenging the adverse credibility finding that 

undergirded the IJ’s denial of relief, Ou effectively concedes that the IJ’s conclusion was not 

erroneous. See Y.C. v. Holder, 741 F.3d 324, 336 (2d Cir. 2013) (deeming claim unsupported 

where IJ found petitioner’s evidence not credible). Accordingly, we decline Ou’s invitation to

consider evidence that the IJ deemed not credible absent any argument that the underlying 

credibility finding was flawed.

* * *

We have considered Ou’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. The 

government’s motion to dismiss is GRANTED but its motion for summary denial is DENIED. 

We DISMISS in part and DENY in part Ou’s petition for review. As we have completed our 

review, any stay of removal that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED, and 

any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot.

FOR THE COURT:

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk