# April 200 9 

# Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 2 

### WELCOME!

Welcome to the April 200 9 issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly report designed to keep you up to date on the prices of alternative fuels and conventional fuels in the U.S. This issue summarizes prices that were collected between April 1 , 2009 and April 15 , 2009 from Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers,

and other Clean Cities stakeholders.

METHODOLOGY

In order to collect price information for

both alternative fuels and convent ional fuels from areas across the country, Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other key stakeholders were contacted to request that they provide prices for fuels in their area on a voluntary basis. Prices were collected on all major alternativ e fuels currently in widespread use (natural gas, propane, biodiesel, and ethanol), as well as prices for conventional fuels at stations that also sell alternative fuels (or stations nearby). Prices were collected from public and private refueling station s throughout the country , and were collected between April 1, 2009 and April 15 , 2009

. Prices were then averaged in order to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within regions (and among regions). Prices in this report ar e grouped by U.S. areas as defined by the Petroleum

Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) : the districts are illustrated in the map to the right.

The prices collected for this report represent retail, at

- the

- pump sales prices for each fuel, includin g Federal and state motor fuel taxes. In some cases, prices were collected from government or utility refueling facilities and these taxes were not included in the reported price. In these instances, although these users are not required to pay these

tax es, the taxes were added to the reported price to provide a more representative basis for comparison of fuel prices for the purpose of this report. In some cases, states may charge a flat annual fee for motor fuel taxes (especially for gaseous fuels like CNG): these fees are not considered in the prices reported in these pages.

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 3 

## SUMMARY OF CURRENT REPORT INFORMATION

Overall nationwide average prices for

conventional and alternative fuels are

shown in T able 1. 1 

### As this table illustrates, alternative fu el prices relative to conventional fuels vary, with some (biodiesel , propane ) higher and some (E85 and CNG) lower

. CNG

is about 38 cents less than gasoline on

a n energy

- equivalent basis, while E85

is about 14 cents less per gallon than gasoline. Propane is about 55 cent s per gallon more than gasoline. B20 prices are higher than regular diesel by about 2 2 cent s

. B99/B100 blends

have a cost of about a dollar per gallon more than regular diesel , while B2/B5 blends are about the same price as diesel

.

Relat ive to the last report from January 200 9

, the average prices for most of the fuels included in this price report

have decreased by around 16 to 20 cents . It should be noted that the price increase s or decreases could be

attributed both to an actual increa se in price and to a slightly differing sample of prices (both location and quantity).

Prices in this report were collected and are reported in the units in which they are typically sold (dollars per gallon or dollars per gasoline

- gallon equivalent).

Be cause of differing energy contents per gallon for these fuels, the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon. Table 2 illustrates the fuel prices from Table 1 for the current reporting period normalized to a price per gasoline

- gallon equivalent

, per diesel gallon equivalent

, or per million Btu of energy . This

calculation involves the use of nominal lower heating values in Btu per gallon of fuel which can be found in the Transportation Energy Data Book 2 

### . Note that prices for the alternative fuels in terms of cost per gallon equivalent are generally higher than their cost per gallon because of their lower energy content per gallon 3 

### . It has been seen, however, that consumer

interest in alternative fuels increas es as the price differential per gallon increases, even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy

- equivalent basis.

1 A very small sample (7 points) of hydrogen information was received: average price for hydrogen was $13.45 per gge in this report.

2 A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report.

3 For ethanol flexible

- fuel vehicles, the actual difference in energy cost per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the differen ce in energy content of the fuels, as some sources have noted man y FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline. This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by vehicle. 

### Table 1

. Overall Average Fuel Prices

Nationwide Average

Price for Fuel This Report Nationwide Average

Price for Fuel Last Report Change in Price This Report vs.

Last Report Units of

Measurement

Gasoline (Regular) $2.02 $1.86 $0.16 per gallon

Diesel $2.27 $2.44 $ (0.17) per gallon

CNG $1.64 $1.63 $0.01 per GGE

Ethanol (E85) $1.88 $1.81 $0.07 per gallon

Propane $2.58 $2.73 $ (0.16) per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $2.49 $2.67 $ (0.18) per gallon

Biodiesel (B2

- B5) $2.28 $2.45 $ (0.17) per gallon

Biodiesel (B99

- B100) $3.27 $3.47 $ (0.20) per gallon



### Table 2. A pril 2009 Overall Average Fuel Prices on Energy

Equivalent Basis

Nationwide

Ave rage Price in

Gasoline Gallon

Equivalents Nationwide Average Price in

Diesel Gallon Equivalents Nationwide Average Price in Dollars per Million

Btu

Gasoline $2.02 $2.26 $17.52

Diesel $2.04 $2.27 $17.64

CNG $1.64 $1.83 $14.20

Ethanol (E85) $2.66 $2.96 $ 23.02

Propane $3.56 $3.97 $30.84

Biodiesel (B20) $2.27 $2.53 $19.67

Biodiesel (B2

- B5) $2.05 $2.29 $17.78

Biodiesel (B99

- B100) $3.22 $3.59 $27.90

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 4 

## GASOLINE AND DIESEL PRICES

Average prices for gasoline and diesel as collected by

Clean Cities coordinato rs and other stakeholders ( supplemented where necessary with other

reference sources for conventional fuels) are illustrated in T able 3

. These prices were collected from refueling stations selling both conventional fuels and alternative fuels,

and from con ventional fuel refueling stations near

alternative fuel stations.
Just over 300 price points were collected for gasoline and 200 for diesel , with average prices for gasoline ranging from a low of $ 1

. 9 6 per gallon in the M idwest and Gulf Coast to a high of $ 2

. 1 4 per gallon o n the West Coast . Diesel prices ranged from

$ 2

. 1 8 on the Gulf Coast to $ 2. 4 7 in t he Central Atlantic

. Because prices for conventional fuels were collected from stations and regions providing alternative fuel price information, data collection was n ot uniform across the regions of the country. The information is, however, representative of refueling stations selling both alternative

fuels and conventional fuels.

T able 4 illustrates average prices as provided by the DOE Energy Information Administr ation (EIA) on the petroleum

information section of its website ( http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/pet

roleum.html ). These prices are averages of prices from a selection of 800 retail fuel stations across the country. Note that the average nationwide price from EIA generally matches relatively closely with the averages from the

station information collected from Clean Cities

stakeholders. C omparisons in this document between conventional fuel prices and alternative fuel prices will be made using prices collected from Clean Cities representatives wherever possible, as these prices are most representative of stations selling both conventional and

alternativ e fuels. Table 3. Average Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Regular Gasoline Infor mation Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal) Diesel Information Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data Points

New England $2.09 / 0.28 43 $ 2.46 / 0.27 33

Central Atlantic $2.11 / 0.10 24 $2.47 / 0.12 11

Lower Atlantic $1.99 / 0.07 27 $2.19 / 0.09 28

Midwest $1.96 / 0.12 123 $2.19 / 0.22 73

Gulf Coast $1.96 / 0.05 16 $2.18 / 0.11 16

Rocky Mountain $1.99 / 0.10 43 $2.21 / 0.19 22

West Coa st $2.14 / 0.21 47 $2.35 / 0.29 30

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.02 / 0.17 323 $2.27 / 0.24 213



### Table 4. EIA Gasoline and Diesel Price Averages

Gasoline Average
Price from EIA, Week

of 4 / 13

/0

9 Diesel Average Price from EIA, Week of

4 / 13

/0

9

New England $2.04 $2 .42

Central Atlantic $2.11 $2.40

Lower Atlantic $2.03 $2.20

Midwest $2.00 $2.18

Gulf Coast $1.96 $2.20

Rocky Mountain $2.01 $2.25

West Coast $2.23 $2.34

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.03 $2.23

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 5 

## COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (RELATIVE TO GASOLINE)

Average prices for compressed natural gas for

vehicle use are illustrated

in Table 5

, grouped by region

. Information on prices for regular gasoline as provided by Clean Cities representatives is

al so shown. These prices

were collected from across the country from Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other

stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Just over
3 0 0 CNG prices were collected in this report 4



### .

As Table 5 illustrates by region , CNG has a lower price than gasoline for most regions of the country for which prices were obtained , with the largest difference ($ 0

. 84 per gge) being in the Rocky Mountain region . On average,

CNG costs about $ 0

. 38 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equi valent basis. Variability of CNG prices was higher (based on a standard deviation analysis) than variability of gasoline prices.

The map to the right illustrates some cost differentials by state for natural gas relative to gasoline , based on

differentia ls between natural gas prices and gasoline prices for each state (versus the regional averages illustrated in Table 5) . In this map, negative numbers represent costs for natural gas lower than costs for gasoline. States not highlighted with a color did n ot have any natural gas data points in the

current report. As the map illustrates, CNG prices were favorable relative to gasoline for a number of states across the country, especially in the West

.

4 Prices for CNG were provided by the individual stakeholders in gasoline

- gallon equivalents from the “price at the pump.” It should be noted that the internal conversion factor between the physical quantities of gas delivered and gge was not collected from each of the refueling stati ons. Regional dif ferences in gas heat content relative to the internal pump conversion factor may change the price per gge: these differences were not determined f or this report, however. 

### Table 5. Compressed Natural Gas Average Prices by Region from Cl ean Cities Sources

Natural Gas (CNG) Information Reported by Clean Cities ($/gge) Regular Gasoline Information Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data Points

New England $2.30 / 0.47 22 $2.09 / 0.28 43

Central Atlantic $2.02 / 0.31 59 $2.11 / 0.10 24

Lower Atlantic $1.61 / 0.34 6 $1.99 / 0.07 27

Midwest $1.72 / 0.44 28 $1.96 / 0.12 123

Gulf Coast $1.57 / 0.18 18 $1.96 / 0.05 16

Rock y Mountain $1.15 / 0.31 102 $1.99 / 0.10 43

West Coast $1.75 / 0.23 102 $2.14 / 0.21 47

NATIONAL AVERAGE $1.64 / 0.48 337 $2.02 / 0.17 323

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 6 

## COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (RELATIVE TO DIESEL)

Average p rices for compressed natural gas for

vehicle use are illustrated

in Table 6 , grouped by region . Information on prices for conventional diesel fuel as provided by
representatives from Clean

Cities and supplemental

sources is also shown. These prices were c ollected from across the country

from Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other

stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Note that

the CNG prices in Table 6 are the same group of prices as for Table 5, but converted to a cost per diesel gallon equiva lent basis, in order to compare directly with diesel prices.

As Table 6 illustrates by region , CNG has a lower price than diesel for most regions of the country

, with the largest difference ($ 0

. 93 per d ge) being in the Rocky Mountain region . On average , CNG costs about $ 0

. 44 less than diesel

on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis. Based on standard deviation calculations, CNG appears to have had more variability in price during this time period relative to diesel fuel.

The map to the right illustrat es some cost differentials by state for natural gas

relative to diesel , based on differentials between natural gas prices and diesel prices for each state (versus the regional averages illustrated in Table 6 ) . In this map, negative numbers represent costs for natural gas lower than costs for

diesel . States not highlighted with a color did not have any natural gas data points in the current report. As with the comparison to gasoline, natural gas prices relative to diesel were also favorable, as the map sho ws. Table 6. Compressed Natural Gas Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Natural Gas (CNG) Informatio n Reported by Clean Cities ($/dge) Diesel Information Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data Points

New England $2.56 / 0.52 22 $2.46 / 0.27 33

Central Atlantic $2.25 / 0.34 59 $2.47 / 0.12 11

Lower Atlantic $1.79 / 0.38 6 $2.19 / 0.09 28

Midwest $1.92 / 0.50 28 $2.19 / 0.22 73

Gulf Coast $1.75 / 0.21 18 $2.18 / 0.11 16

Rocky Mountain $1.28 / 0.35 102 $2.21 / 0.19 22

West Coast $1. 95 / 0.26 102 $2.35 / 0.29 30

NATIONAL AVERAGE $1.83 / 0.53 337 $2.27 / 0.24 213

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 7 

## ETHANOL (E85)

Average prices for

ethanol in an 85% blend with 15% gasoline (E85)

are illustrated in T able 7

, grouped by region

. Information on prices for regular gasoline as provided by Clean Cities representatives i s also shown. These pr i ces

w ere collected from across the country from

Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other

stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Just

over 300 prices for ethanol were collected in this data collection effort.

Note that E85 has a lower average price pe r gallon than regular gasoline for most regions, and higher in others (see

Table 7 ) . On average, E85 is about 14 cents lower in price than regular gasoline on a per

- gallon basis, with the largest average differential ( 24 cents) being found on the Gulf Coa st

. Based on the calculated standard deviations in this set of E85 price information, it can be seen that price variability for E85 was somewhat larger than the price variability for gasoline for the period

.

The map to the right illustrates some cost

di fferential s between E85 and regular gasoline by state , based on differentials between E85 prices and gasoline prices for each state (versus the regional averages illustrated in Table 7 ) . In this

map , negative numbers represent costs

for E85 lower than for gasoline, and positive numbers represent costs for E85 higher than gasoline. States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data points in the current report. In the time period for this report, E85 cost less per gallon than gasoline for

many area s for which prices were available: the best pricing was across the

upper Midwest. Table 7. Ethanol (E85) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Ethanol (E85) Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Regular Gasoline Information Repo rted by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data Points

New England $2.55 / 1.50 3 $2.09 / 0.28 43

Central Atlantic $1.98 / 0.27 52 $2.11 / 0.1 0 24

Lower Atlantic $1.86 / 0.17 47 $1.99 / 0.07 27

Midwest $1.83 / 0.20 97 $1.96 / 0.12 123

Gulf Coast $1.73 / 0.28 15 $1.96 / 0.05 16

Rocky Mountain $1.78 / 0.16 63 $1.99 / 0.10 43

West Coast $2.14 / 0.47 26 $2.14 / 0.21 47

NATIONAL AVERAGE $1.88 / 0.3 0 303 $2.02 / 0.17 323

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 8 

## PROPANE

Average prices for propane are illustrated

in Table 8 , grouped by
region . Information on prices for regular gasoline as provided by representatives from

Cl ean Cities is also shown. These prices

were collected from across the country from

Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other

stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Almost

160 propane prices were collected in this reporting period

.

As Table 8 illu strates regionally , propane prices are somewhat higher than gasoline in all regions

. Overall, propane

was about 55 cents per gallon more than gasoline. Based on calculations of standard deviation in prices, it can be seen that pro pane prices for vehicle u se seems to have varied more than gasoline prices during this sampling period

. 5



### T he map to the right illustrates some cost differentials between propane and regular gasoline on a per

- gallon basis

, based on differentials between propane prices and gasolin e prices for each state (versus the regional averages illustrated in Table 8) . In this map, negative numbers represent costs for propane lower than costs for gasoline, and positive numbers represent propane prices higher than gasoline. States not highlig hted with a color did not have

any propane data points in the current

report. Propane prices were favorable

in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, Louisiana, and West Virginia

.

5 Prices for propane in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations a nd public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles

and for other uses. The prices at private stations are generally lower, and may be more representative of the prices the majorit y of propane vehicle users pay. 

### Table 8. Propane Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Propane Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Regular Gasoline Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviati on
of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data Points

New England $2.87 / 0.42 7 $2.09 / 0.28 43

Central Atlantic $2.96 / 0.97 26 $2.11 / 0.10 24

Lower Atlantic $2.83 / 0.81 15 $1.99 / 0.07 27

Midwest $2.63 / 0.70 35 $1.96 / 0.12 123

Gulf Coast $2.21 / 0.61 10 $1.96 / 0.05 16

Rocky Mountain $2.23 / 0.49 32 $1.99 / 0.10 43

West Coast $2.48 / 1.14 32 $2.14 / 0.21 47

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.58 / 0.85 157 $2.02 / 0.17 323

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 9 

## BIODIESEL BLENDS: B20

Average prices for

biodiesel in a 20% blend with 80% diesel (B20)

are i llustrated in Table 9

, grouped by region

. Information on prices for regular diesel as provided by Clean Cities representatives is also shown. These prices

were collected from across the country from

Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other

st akeholders on a voluntary basis. Just

over 100 p rices were obtained for B20 across the country.

As Table 9 illustrates, biodiesel in a B20 blend has a n average price per gallon that is somewhat more than

conventional diesel fuel (ranging from 5 to 5 6 cen ts more per gallon) . Based on calculations of standard deviation on B20 prices, variability in B20 prices was a bit larger than the variability in price of conventional diesel by region. On average in the U.S., biodiesel in a B20 blend costs about 22 cen ts more per gallon than conventional diesel fuel

based on current information

.

The map to the right illustrates some

cost differentials between B20 and diesel on a per

- gallon basis , based on

differentials between biodiesel prices and gasoline prices for each state (versus the regional averages illustrated in Table 9) . In this map, negative numbers represent costs for B20 lower than costs for diesel, and positive numbers represent B20 prices higher than diesel. States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report. B20 ha d favorable pricing in Texas

, Utah,

Minnesota

, New Hampshire,

Massachusetts , Florida, and Maryland

. Table 9. Biodiesel (B20) Average Pric es by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Biodiesel (B20) Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Diesel Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Approximate Number

of Stations Average Price

/ St andard Deviation

of Price Approximate Number of

Stations

New England $2.51 / 0.57 13 $2.46 / 0.27 33

Central Atlantic $3.03 / 0.72 15 $2.47 / 0.12 11

Lower Atlantic $2.30 / 0.28 20 $2.19 / 0.09 28

Midwest $2.20 / 0.13 28 $2.19 / 0.22 73

Gulf Coast $2. 14 / 0.29 11 $2.18 / 0.11 16

Rocky Mountain $2.40 / 0.18 16 $2.21 / 0.19 22

West Coast $2.77 / 0.69 29 $2.35 / 0.29 30

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.49 / 0.55 132 $2.27 / 0.24 213

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 10 

## BIODIESEL BLENDS : LOW

- LEVEL (B2

- B5)

Average prices for

biodiesel in lower

- level blends (2

- 5% biodiesel in diesel fuel) are

il lustrated in Table 10

, grouped by region

. Information on prices for regular diesel as provided by Clean Cities representatives is also shown. These prices

were collected from across the country from

Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other

st akeholders on a voluntary basis. A lmost 90 p rices were obtained from areas offering low

- level biodiesel blends.

As Table 10 illustrates regionally

, average prices for low

- level blends of biodiesel are relatively close to average diesel prices (from 1 6 cen ts more to 1 4 cents less than diesel per gallon)

. Differences in price between low

- level biodiesel blends and regular diesel could be attributed to the relatively small sample size. New England had the most favorable price structure for low

- level biodiesel blends during this time period (based on a small sample)

.

The map to the right illustrates some

cost differentials between low

- level biodiesel blends and regular diesel on a

per

- gallon basis , based on differentials between biodiesel prices and gasolin e prices for each state (versus the regional averages illustrated in Table 10 ) . In this map, negative numbers represent costs

for these blends that are lower than costs for diesel, and positive numbers represent prices for these blends that are higher tha n diesel. States not highlighted with a color did not have any low

- level biodiesel blend data points in the current report. Favorable

low

- level biodiesel blend pricing may

be found in Illinois and Maryland

. Table 10. Biodiesel (B2

- B5) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Biodiesel (B2

- B5) Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Diesel Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data Points

New England $2.37 / 0.16 9 $2.46 / 0.27 33

Central Atlantic $2.33 / 0.26 27 $2.47 / 0.12 11

Lower Atlantic $2.19 / 0.15 11 $2.19 / 0.09 28

Midwest $2.20 / 0.16 19 $2.19 / 0.22 73

Gulf Coast $2.20 / 0.14 5 $2.18 / 0.11 16

Rocky Mountain $2.37 / 0.21 5 $2.21 / 0.19 22

West Coast $2.35 / 0.31 11 $2.35 / 0.29 30

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.28 / 0.22 87 $2.27 / 0.24 213

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 11 

## BIODIESEL BLENDS: B100/B99

Average price s for high

level blends of biodiesel (99% or 100% biodiesel with diesel fuel) are illustrated in Table 1 1

, grouped by region

. Information on prices for regular diesel as provided by Clean Cities representatives is also shown. These prices

were collected from across the country from

Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and other

stakeholders on a voluntary basis. About 45 p rice points were collected from stations offering B99/B100 for sale across the country.

As Table 1 1 illustrates regionally, the cost of B99/B100 is generally more than the cost of diesel fuel per gallon in

the regions for which data were collected

, up to $ 1

. 6 8 more than diesel . On average across the nation, B99/B100 is

about a dollar per gallon higher than regular diesel. Based on standard deviation calculations on these price points, it appears that prices for B99/B100 varied more widely in this time period than regular diesel.

The map to the right illustrates some cost differentials between high

- level

biodiesel blends and re gular diesel on a

per

- gallon basis , based on differentials between biodiesel prices and gasoline prices for each state (versus the regional averages illustrated in Table 1 1 ) . In this map, negative numbers represent costs

for these blends that are lower th an costs for diesel, and positive numbers represent prices for these blends that are higher than diesel. States not highlighted with a color did not have any high

- level biodiesel blend data points in the current report. Prices for

B100 were favorable in s everal states for this report

. Table 11. Biodiesel (B99

- B100) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources

Biodiesel (B99

- B100) Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Diesel Information Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal)

Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data

Points Average Price

/ Standard Deviation

of Price Number of Data Points

New England $4.14 / 2.05 2 $2.46 / 0.27 33

Central Atlantic $3.73 / 1.22 7 $2.47 / 0.12 11

Lower Atlantic $2.9 / 1.09 4 $2.19 / 0.09 28

Midwest $2.65 / 0.54 4 $2.19 / 0.22 73

Gulf Coast $1.99 /

-

. -- 1 $2.18 / 0.11 16

Rocky Mountain $3.86 / 1.40 3 $2.21 / 0.19 22

West Coast $3.21 / 0.52 26 $2.35 / 0.29 30

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.27 / 0.89 47 $2.27 / 0.24 213

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 12 

## COMPARISON OF PRICES OF THIS REPORT VERSUS LAST REPORT

Table 12 below summarizes the average prices collected for this report by region, and compares them to prices collected in the Price Report from J anuary 200 9

. It should be noted that a portion of the price changes could be attributed to differing sample sizes and compo sition between the two reports.

Table 12. Comparison of Prices, Last Price Report versus Current Price Report

Price for April 200 9 Period Price for January 200 9 Period Price Differential April vs. January

Gasoline ($ per gallon) National Average $2.02 $1.86 $0.16 / 9%

New England $2.09 $2.09 $0.01 / 0%

Central Atlantic $2. 11 $1.92 $0.18 / 10%

Lower Atlantic $1.99 $1.81 $0.18 / 10%

Midwest $1.96 $1.83 $0.13 / 7%

Gulf Coast $1.96 $1.80 $0.17 / 9%

Rocky Mountain $1.99 $1.66 $0.33 / 20%

West Coast $2.14 $2.04 $0.10 / 5%

Diesel ($ per gallon) National Aver age $2.27 $2.44 ($0.17) / (7%)

New England $2.46 $2.83 ($0.37) / (13%)

Central Atlantic $2.47 $2.65 ($0.17) / (7%)

Lower Atlantic $2.19 $2.33 ($0.14) / (6%)

Midwest $2.19 $2.36 ($0.17) / (7%)

Gulf Coast $2.18 $2.29 ($0.10) / (5%)

Ro cky Mountain $2.21 $2.30 ($0.09) / (4%)

West Coast $2.35 $2.36 ($0.01) / 0%

Compressed Natural Gas ($ per GGE) National Average $1.64 $1.63 $0 / 0%

New England $2.30 $2.54 ($0.24) / (9%)

Central Atlantic $2.02 $1.98 $0.04 / 2%

Lower Atla ntic $1.61 $1.66 ($0.06) / (3%)

Midwest $1.72 $1.82 ($0.10) / (5%)

Gulf Coast $1.57 $1.67 ($0.10) / (6%)

Rocky Mountain $1.15 $0.88 $0.27 / 30%

West Coast $1.75 $1.81 ($0.06) / (3%)

Ethanol (E85) ($ per gallon) National Average $1.88 $1 .81 $0.07 / 4%

New England $2.55 $1.59 $0.96 / 61%

Central Atlantic $1.98 $1.91 $0.06 / 3%

Lower Atlantic $1.86 $1.78 $0.08 / 4%

Midwest $1.83 $1.79 $0.05 / 3%

Gulf Coast $1.73 $1.77 ($0.04) / (2%)

Rocky Mountain $1.78 $1.68 $0.10 / 6%

West Coast $2.14 $2.19 ($0.05) / (2%)

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 13 Table 12. Comparison of Prices, Last Price Report versus Current Price Report

Price for April 200 9 Period Price for January 200 9 Period Price Differential April vs. January

Propane ($ per gallon) National Average $2.58 $2.73 ($0.16) / (6%)

New England $2.87 $2.97 ($0.09) / (3%)

Central Atlantic $2.96 $3.12 ($0.17) / (5%)

Lower Atlantic $2.83 $2.80 $0.04 / 1%

Midwest $2.63 $3.06 ($0.43) / (14%)

Gulf Coast $2.21 $2.33 ($0.12) / (5%)

Rocky Mountain $2.23 $2.25 ($0.02) / (1%)

West Coast $2.48 $2.50 ($0.02) / (1%)

Biodiesel (B20) ($ per gallon) National Average $2.49 $2.67 ($0.1 8) / (7%)

New England $2.51 $3.12 ($0.61) / (20%)

Central Atlantic $3.03 $2.99 $0.04 / 1%

Lower Atlantic $2.30 $2.50 ($0.20) / (8%)

Midwest $2.20 $2.48 ($0.28) / (11%)

Gulf Coast $2.14 $2.33 ($0.20) / (8%)

Rocky Mountain $2.40 $2.51 ($0.11) / (4%)

West Coast $2.77 $2.72 $0.05 / 2%

Biodiesel (B2

- B5) ($ per gallon) National Average $2.28 $2.45 ($0.16) / (7%)

New England $2.37 $2.59 ($0.22) / (9%)

Central Atlantic $2.33 $2.45 ($0.13) / (5%)

Lower Atlantic $2.19 $2.50 ($0.31) / (12%)

Midwest $2.20 $2.30 ($0.10) / (4%)

Gulf Coast $2.20 $2.34 ($0.14) / (6%)

Rocky Mountain $2.37 $2.35 $0.02 / 1%

West Coast $2.35 $2.61 ($0.27) / (10%)

Biodiesel (B99

- B100) ($ per gallon) National Average $3.27 $3.47 ($0.21 ) / (6%)

New England $4.14 $3.17 $0.97 / 31%

Central Atlantic $3.73 $3.67 $0.06 / 2%

Lower Atlantic $2.90 $4.03 ($1.13) / (28%)

Midwest $2.65 $3.05 ($0.41) / (13%)

Gulf Coast $1.99 $2.49 ($0.50) / (20%)

Rocky Mountain $3.86 $

-

. -- N/A

West Coast $3.21 $3.48 ($0.27) / (8%)

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 14 

## HISTORICAL ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES FROM PREVIOUS REPORTS

The graphs on this page illustrate the

historical price s for the alternative

fuels included in these reports (specifically natural gas, propane, ethanol, and biodiesel) relative to gasoline and diesel. These graphs include prices collected as part of the current Price Report activity, which began in September 2005. Natural gas (in GGE), propane, and ethanol have been graphed against gasoline prices, whil e natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel have been graphed against diesel prices.

$1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 $4.00 $4.50Price per Gallon

Gasoline

Natural Gas (GGE)

Propane

Ethanol (E85)

Alternative

Fuel Prices

versus

Gasoline

$1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 $4.00 $4.50 $5.00 $5.50Price per Gallon

Diesel

Natural Gas (DGE)

Biodiesel (B20)

Biodiesel (B2/B5)

Biodiesel (B99/B100) Alternative

Fuel Prices

versus

Diesel

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 15 

## ILLUSTRATION OF CONVERSION FACTORS FOR FUELS

The standard lower heating values for fuels from the Transportation Energy Databook 2 6 are listed below.

Lower Heating Va lue

Gasoline 115,400 BTU/gal

Diesel 128,700 BTU/gal

Compressed Natural Gas 960 BTU/cubic foot

Ethanol 75,670 BTU/gal

Propane 83,500 BTU/gal

Biodiesel 117,093 BTU/gal



### Conversion factors to establish prices in dollars per gasoline equivalent gallon are illustrated below, and were developed using the low er heating values outlined above. The conversion

factors are derived in the manner shown in the graphic to the right.

In the case of CNG, prices are provided to us in
GGE, so no conversion is necessa ry (the representative heating value of CNG is provided above as a reference). To convert a price from dollars per gallon to dollars per gasoline equivalent gallon, multiply the price per gallon by the conversion factor.

Conversion factor to

GGE

CNG 1. 00

Ethanol (E85) 1.41

Propane 1.38

Biodiesel (B20) 0.91

Biodiesel (B2) 0.90

Biodiesel (B100) 0.99



### Conversion factors to establish prices in dollars per diesel equivalent gallon are illustrated below, and were developed using the lower heating values outlined above. To convert a price from dollars per gallon to dollars per diesel equivalent gallon, multiply the price per gallon by the conversion factor.

Conversion factor to

DGE

Ethanol (E85) 1.58

Propane 1.54

CNG (in GGE) 1.12

Biodiesel (B20) 1 .02

Biodiesel (B2) 1.00

Biodiesel (B100) 1.10

## CL EAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2009

Page 16 

## ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report: we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report. The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report.

WOULD YOU LIKE TO PARTICIPATE?

If you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report, please contact:

Michael D. Laughlin New West Technologies, LLC 4351 Garden City Drive, Suite 600 Landover, MD 20785 (301) 429

- 1180 (phone) (301) 429

- 1185 (FAX) mlaughli n@nwttech.com

DISCLAIMER

This document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereo f, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liabili ty or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privat ely owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, proc ess, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Th e views and opinions of authors expressed herein do n ot necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.