r

<** °F co,

CO

^fAU Of

National Bureau of Standards

Library, E-01 Admin. Bldg.

OCT 6 1981

13UA5

c

ICO

*U575^NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 1116

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ National Bureau of Standards

_
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act ot Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology

and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts

research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and

the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology.

THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of

physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement

systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform

physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,

and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement,

standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational

institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government

agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Absolute Physical Quantities 2 — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and

Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science. THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY provides technology and technical ser- vices to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement capabilities;

provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops test methods and proposes

engineering standards and code changes; develops and proposes new engineering practices;

and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics — Electronics and Electrical Engineering2 — Mechanical

Engineering and Process Technology2 — Building Technology — Fire Research —

Consumer Product Technology — Field Methods.

THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts

research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and

economy in Government operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards

guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and

provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government.

The Institute consists of the following centers:

Programming Science and Technology — Computer Systems Engineering.

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, DC 20234.

2 Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303.
SHIELDOSE: A Computer Code for

Space-Shielding Radiation Dose Calculations

Sponsored by:

Office of Naval Research

Arlington, VA 22217

and

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, MD 20771

iechrV«:fti ndc

UATIONALBXrWEAU

OF 8T*K»ARJDS

LIBRARY

APR 25 1980

pat Oucc~C

Q(L too

. U6 "75 z

ffo./IK*

Stephen Seltzer £,?-

Center for Radiation Research

National Measurement Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary

Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Deputy Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Productivity, Technology, and Innovation

( .NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

Issued May 1980
National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 1 1 16

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 1116, 72 pages (May 1980) CODEN: NBTNAE

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1980

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

Price $3.75

(Add 25 percent for other than U.S. mailing).
SHIELDOSE: A Computer Code for Space-Shielding Radiation Dose Calculations

Stephen M. Seltzer

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

A computer code, SHIELDOSE, has been developed for the

calculation of absorbed dose as a function of depth in aluminum

shielding material of spacecraft, given the electron and proton

fluences encountered in orbit. Absorbed dose, for small volumes

of the detector materials A£, HLO, Si, and SiOp, is evaluated in

three geometries: (1) in a semi -infinite plane medium, (2) at

the transmission surface of a finite-thickness slab, and (3) at

the center of a solid sphere. Use of the code is described, and

an extensive set of monoenergetic depth-dose data for the various

detector materials and geometries is tabulated.

Key words: Computer code; depth-dose data; electrons; electron

bremsstrahlung; protons; space shielding.

1. Introduction

The ability to predict absorbed dose within a spacecraft due to a

specified radiation environment is important for design and planning considerations pertaining to the reliability of electronic components and to the

radiological safety of on-board personnel. This report describes the computer

code SHIELDOSE, which evaluates the absorbed dose as a function of depth in

aluminum shielding material of spacecraft, given the electron and proton

fluences encountered in orbit.

Work supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the National Space

Science Data Center at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
The code makes use of pre-calculated, monoenergetic depth-dose data for

an isotropic, broad-beam fluence of radiation incident on uniform aluminum

plane media. Such data are particularly suitable for routine dose predictions

in situations where the geometrical and compositional complexities of the

spacecraft are not known. Furthermore, restricting our consideration to these

rather simple geometries has allowed for the development of accurate electron

and electron-bremsstrahlung data sets based on detailed transport calculations

rather than on more approximate methods. The present version of SHIELDOSE

calculates, for arbitrary proton and electron incident spectra, the dose

absorbed in small volumes of the detector materials A&, HUO (tissue-equivalent

detector), Si, and SiOo, in the following aluminum shield geometries: (1) in

a semi-infinite plane medium, as a function of depth; (2) at the transmission

surface of a plane slab, as a function of slab thickness; and (3) at the

center of a solid sphere, as a function of sphere radius.

Section 2 defines a number of pertinent quantities used in the calculations and briefly outlines the methods used for integrating the monoenergetic

data over the incident flux spectra. Section 3 gives the meanings and

required formats of the various input parameters, and other running

instructions for SHIELDOSE. Appendix A is a reprint of a report [1] which

gives details on the methods with which the monoenergetic depth-dose

distributions were calculated. Appendix B comprises tables of the monoenergetic depth-dose data; appendix C gives the input and output listings of a

sample run; and appendix D contains a FORTRAN listing of the code.

2 Figures in brackets indicate the literature references at the end of this

paper.
2. Method

The quantity of interest calculated by SHIELDOSE is the absorbed dose

4)(z), as a function of depth z in an aluminum shield, for an arbitrary

3 incident fluence of radiation. The incident fluence can be either protons or

electrons. If it is protons, it will be implicitly understood that S){z) is

the proton dose; if electrons, 5)(z) is calculated separately for the

bremsstrahlung component and the "electron" component (by which we mean the

distribution of deposited electron energy never converted to bremsstrahlung

photons). Results are calculated for three geometries (see fig. 1):

det

Case 1. g)_ (z) is the absorbed dose in a thin detector (of material

00 denoted by "det") at a depth z in a semi-infinite

plane aluminium medium. Irradiation is from one side

only (the assumed infinite backing effectively insures

this).

Case 2. 3)_{z) is the absorbed dose in a thin detector at the transmission surface of an aluminum plane slab of thickness

z. Irradiation is from one side only.

det

Case 3. 3)

m (z) is the absorbed dose in a small detector volume at the

center of a solid aluminum sphere of radius z.

Irradiation is from all directions.

The detector materials A&, H^O, Si, and Si0

2 are presently included in the

data base.

3 We can use the fluence (number per unit area, per unit energy, per unit

solid angle) and the flux (number per unit area, per unit energy, per unit

solid angle, per unit time) interchangeably. Use of the fluence leads to

absorbed dose, and the flux to dose rate.
We define the following quantities:

^(T ,6) is the incident fluence, differential in energy T and

-2 -1 -1 angle 6, having units of cm MeV sr . We assume <J>

to be isotropic and drop the explicit dependence on 6.

\p. (T ) = 4tt <})(T ) is the full-space (4tt) incident fluence, having units

of cm"

2MeV

_1

.

det

D_ ' (z,T ) is the depth-dose distribution for irradiation by a

00 monoenergetic , omnidirectional beam with energy T

incident on a semi -infinite medium (case 1 geometry).

The depth-dose distribution, normalized to an incident

current of 1 cm (see appendix A, eqs (1-5)), has units

of MeV cm /g. D_ is given separately for the proton,

00 electron, and electron-bremsstrahlung components.

det det

D (z,T ) is similar to D but for monoenergetic irradiation

- o

-

00 of finite-thickness slabs (case 2 geometry), from one

side only.

Then

00

3)

O 1 where K = 1.6022 x 10 rads/(MeV g ), and the factor of 1/4 comes from the

relation between the full -space fluence and the incident current (see eq (5)

in appendix A). Because the incident fluence ^(O typically falls off

rather steeply with increasing energy, eq (1) is rewritten
Y\ X

det

(z) = £ /

max

T

Q *4t (T ) D

det

(z,T

Q

) d(£n T ) . (2)

*n Tmin

Equation (2) is evaluated numerically using a Simpson's rule, so that

4>det

(z) - ff £ w^ *4 (T^ Ddet

(z,T.) , (3)

00 j = ] 00

where w

j = 1,4,2,4,2 ... 2,4,1 (N odd), 4 and In J. = In Tmin

+ (i - 1 )A

with A = {in T - In T. )/(N - 1). max mm' ' det

In order to facilitate the interpolation of D_ (z,T ) among

00 tabulated values, eq (3) is recast as

N 0?

et U) = 1 1 £ w

i T

i ^(T.) S-^T.) {S(T.) Ddet [x(z,T.), T^} , (4)

oo i = 1

* 00 '

for which the scaling functions are

SJD x(z.T)

-2 -1 protons ro^

T ^T * 9 cm MeV z/ ro^

2 1 electrons ro^

T ^T » 9 cm MeV z/ ro^

T ^

bremsstrahlung 1/T , MeV" z/T

and where r is the mean range evaluated in the continuous-slowing-down

approximation. Values of the mean range r are given in table 1 for

protons [2] and table 2 for electrons [3]. The scaled depth-dose distributions in the curly brackets in eq (4), having a much reduced dependence

4

Any N > 2 can be handled, and the weights w. are suitably adjusted.
on z and T , are tabulated in appendix B. Interpolation is accomplished

by fitting with natural cubic splines 14], first in T, then in x.

Values for T • and T (eq (2) above) are often imposed by the

available knowledge of the incident electron or proton fluence ty. (T ). If,

in the evaluation of eq (4), T. is outside of the energy range for which the

scaled, monoenergetic depth-dose distributions are given, then the curly

bracket is evaluated for the nearest energy tabulated, and the energy

variation is assumed to be taken care of by the term S" (T-)- This procedure

should cause little error since the tabulated proton data extend from 2 to

5000 MeV, the electron data from 0.1 to 10 MeV, and the bremsstrahlung data

from 0.02 to 20 MeV, and should cover incident spectra encountered in spaceshielding problems.

A more likely situation is that information on the incident flux spectra

extends only over an energy region more limited than those above. For example,

current model predictions of the terrestrial radiation environment £5] typically

give spectral information over the energy ranges 0.1 to 10 MeV for electrons

0.5 to 500 MeV for trapped protons, and 10 to 200 MeV for solar-flare protons.

If y. (T ) is entered into SHIELD0SE in numerical form, care should be

taken in choosing3 values of T • and T in order to avoid the automatic mm max cubic-spline extrapolation of ip, (T ) which can occasionally result in

significant, and quite peculiar, components in the incident energy spectrum.

It should be kept in mind that the final results neglect those contributions

to the dose from radiation with T < T . and T > T . This can be

o mm o max particularly important for depths z < r (T • ). Some results of test

calculations using

MV = 1

e ° ^
are given in table 3 which shows, at various depths z and for various values

of the e-folding energy a, the effect on S> (z) of different choices of

det

(z) for a semiT . and Tmav . mi n maxThe discussion above outlines the calculation of

det infinite medium. The calculation of 2>_ (z) for finite-thickness slabs is

det similar but based on D_ (z,T *). The results for the dose at the center of a

solid sphere of radius z are obtained from (see also eq (10) in appendix A)

0?

et

(z) = 2^et(z) jl

d log0det(z')

d log z (5)

where the logarthmic derivative is evaluated using a cubic-spline fit of

Hpt

log 2>_ (z). We have found that N = 301 for protons and N = 101 for

00 det electrons gives distributions of 2>_ (z) sufficiently smooth to give

00 det reasonably smooth results for 2>

# (z).

3. Input Parameters

The format of the input deck is (using FORTRAN notation):

I DET, NUT, IPRNT 316

[scaled monoenergetic depth-dose data set] not user supplied

I MAX, IUNT 216

(Z(I), 1=1, I MAX) 6F12.5

EMINS, EMAXS, EMINP, EMAXP, NPTSP,

EMINE, EMAXE, NPTSE

4F10.3, 16, 2F10.3, 16

This rather lengthy data set, about 13,400 words of information, should be

permanently stored on tape or disk. Although its position in the input

stream is as indicated above, it is read from unit NUT.
The following block of input data can be repeated for each set of incident

spectra:

COMMENT 72H

JSMAX, JPMAX, JEMAX, EUNIT, TINTER 316, IP2E12.5

(EPSS(J), J=l, JSMAX) 1P6E12.4

(SS(J), J=l, JSMAX) 1P6E12.4

(EPSP(J), J=l, JPMAX) 1P6E12.4

(SP(J), J=l, JPMAX) 1P6E12.4

(EPSE(J), J=l, JEMAX) 1P6E12.4

(SE(J), J=l, JEMAX) 1P6E12.4

The meaning of the input parameters is as follows:

IDET = 1 , detector material is ML.

2 , detector material is HLO.

3 , detector material is Si.

4 , detector material is SiOp.

NUT is the unit from which the scaled depth-dose data set is

read.

IPRNT = 1 , input monoenergetic depth-dose data is listed in

printout.

2 , input monoenergetic depth-dose data is not listed in

printout.

IMAX is the number of depths z for which dose calculation is

desired (IMAX < 50).
IUNT = 1 , depth z in mils.

2

2 , depth z in g/cm .

3 , depth z in mm.

Z is simultaneously the IMAX depths (case 1 geometry),

thicknesses (case 2 geometry), and sphere radii (case 3

geometry) in units specified by IUNT. No Z-value

can be because of a log Z interpolation performed

in the bremsstrahlung calculation. Furthermore,

2 < Z < 30 g/cm , due to the extent of the bremsstrahlung data.

EMINS i

EMAXS i

EMINP i

EMAXP i

s the lower limit T . for the integration over the mm 3

ncident solar-flare-proton spectrum (see eq (2)).

s the upper limit T for the integration over the

ncident solar-flare-proton spectrum (see eq (2)).

s the lower limit T . for the integration over the min 3

ncident trapped-proton spectrum (see eq (2)).

s the upper limit T for the integration over the

incident trapped-proton spectrum (see eq (2)).

NPTSP is the number of points used in the numerical evaluation

of the integral over the incident proton spectrum, for

1 mil = 0.001 inch =

? 0.0254 mm.

1 mil = 0.00686 g/cm . For aluminum, with a density of 2.70 g/cm ,
which the integration extends froir ir'r(EKINS 5 Bflfp ~

raax(£HAXS, EMAXP). Note that EMINS, EMAXS, EMINP, and

EMAXP may be slightly adjusted to the nearest meshenergy values. (NPT5P < 301, recommend NPTSP = 3C" ,

EMINE is the lower limit T. for the integration ove^ the inn 3

incident electron spectrum (see eq (2)).

EMAXE is the upper limit T for the integration over the

incident electron spectrum (see eq (2)).

NPTSE is the number Df points used in the numerical evaluatiDr

of the Integral over the incident electron spectrum

(NPTSE < 101, recommend NPTSE = 101).

is any identifying message.

JSMAX is the number of energies for which the incident solarflare-proton spectrum is read in (J5MAX < 101). If

J5MAX < 2, no SDlar-fl are-proton results are calculates

JPMAX is the number of energies for which the incident trappedproton spectrum is read in ( JPMAX < 101). If

JPMAX < 2, no trapped-proton results are calculated.

JEMAX is the number of energies for which the incident elertror

spectrum is read in (JEMAX < 101 j. If JEMAX < 2. to

electron and bremsstrahl ung results are calculated.
EUNIT is the conversion factor from (unit energy)" to MeV" ,

where (unit energy)" pertains to the units in which

the incident proton and electron flux spectra are read.

For example, if the incident spectra are read in units of

keV" 1

, then EUNIT = 1000; if read in units of MeV"

1

then EUNIT =1 (if the EUNIT field is left blank or if

EUNIT < 0, then SHIELDOSE assumes EUNIT =1).

TINTER is the time interval (e.g., mission duration) for which

results are desired. TINTER is in units of (unit time),

where (unit time)" pertains to the units in which the

incident trapped-proton and electron flux spectra are

read. For example, if incident spectra are read in units

of sec" , then TINTER = 1 gives the absorbed dose for

a 1-sec irradiation; TINTER = 3.1536 x 10 gives dose

for one year (365 days); etc. If the TINTER field is

left blank or if TINTER < 0, then SHIELDOSE assumes

TINTER = 1. Note that TINTER does not pertain to the

incident solar-flare-proton fluence spectrum which is

assumed to be the result of a statistical analysis

relating the probability of the incident solar-flareproton fluence to the mission duration [6].

EPSS are the JSMAX energies in MeV (in ascending order) for

which the incident solar-flare-proton fluence spectrum is

read. If JSMAX < 2, this array is not read in.

11
SS are the values (at energies EPSS) of the full -space

(4tt), omnidirectional solar-flare-proton incident fluence

-2 -1 spectrum in units of cm (unit energy) .

EPSP are the JPMAX energies in MeV (in ascending order) for

which the incident trapped-proton flux spectrum is read.

If JPMAX < 2, this array is not read in.

SP are the values (at energies EPSP) of the full -space

(4tt) , omnidirectional trapped-proton incident flux

-2 -1 -1 spectrum in units of cm (unit energy) (unit time) .

EPSE are the JEMAX energies in MeV (in ascending order)

for which the incident electron fluence spectrum is read.

SE are the values (at energies EPSE) of the full -space

(4tt), omnidirectional incident electron fluence spectrum

-2 -1 -1 in units of cm (unit energy) (unit time) .

Note the following option which pertains to the solarflare-proton, trapped-proton, and electron incident

spectra:

If EPS(l) < (but JMAX > 3), then the incident

spectrum is assumed to be \\>. (T ) = (C/a) exp(- T /a),

with a(MeV) = S(l) and C = S(2). The units for C

are cm for the solar-flare-proton fluence spectrum,

12
-2 -1 and cm ' (unit time) for the trapped-proton and

electron flux spectra. This option may be particularly

useful for the solar-flare-proton spectrum for which, in

the active years 1977-1983, the spectrum is characterized

by a = 26.5 MeV for anomalously large events and by

a = 63.3 MeV for ordinary events [6]. Values of C can

be obtained from information on the corresponding integral

spectrum I(> T ), via C = I(> T ) exp(T /a). If the

entered value S(2) < 0, then SHIELDOSE sets C = 1.

The code is written to process quickly many incident spectra in a single

run. For example, using an IBM 360/91 computer and with NPTSP = 301,

NPTSE = 101 and IMAX = 48, approximately 10 sec is required for setting up

internal matrices and ~ 1 sec for each input proton and electron spectrum

set. The storage requirement is ~ 80 K words.

It is, in general, necessary to suppress underflow diagnostics which

interrupt, and can eventually terminate, a run. Underflow conditions are not

detected by the code itself and should therefore be suppressed using the

appropriate options available at the particular computing installation. For

the IBM system used by the author, this is accomplished by the "CALL ERRSET"

instruction at the beginning of the main routine listed in appendix D.

13
REFERENCES

[1] Seltzer, S. M., IEEE Trans. Nucl . Science, NS-26 , 4896 (1979).

[2] Barkas, W. H., and Berger, M. J., NASA SP-3013 (1964).

[3] Berger, M. J., and Seltzer, S. M., NASA SP-3012 (1964).

[4] Ahlberg, J. H., Nilson, E. N., and Walsh, J. L., The Theory of Splines

and Their Applications (Academic Press, New York, 1967).

[5] Sawyer, D. M. , and Vette, J. I., NSSDC 76-06, (Dec. 1976); Teague, M. J.,

and Vette, J. I., NSSDC 72-10 (Sept. 1972); Teague, M. J., Chan, K. W.

,

and Vette, J. I., NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S 76-04 (March 1976); Stassinopoulos,

E. G., Herbert, J. J., Butler, E. L., and Barth, J. L., NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S

79-01; all from the National Space Science Data Center, Greenbelt,

Maryland.

[6] Stassinopoules, E. G., NSSDC 75-11 (April 1975), National Space Science

Data Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.

14
*ii "s I. Proton range r (T 3 as a function of proton energy T

(o Values are from reference EZ],

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

15

iz

30

40

:«:

5C

",147 x 1G

-2

2. 181 x 10

>-2

3.5GG x TG',-2

5.G94 x 10

-2

6.974 x 10

-2

1.157 x 10

-1

T.7G3 x t:'

,-1

3.458 x 10

5.739 x 10'

1.177

1 .963

2. 92®"

4.039

6.728

r-1

-1

T («e¥)

TOO

150

200

3GC

400

500

T :cc

15GC

4GCG

r (g/cnr}

9.975

2.026 x 10

3.320 x 10

1

I

6.547 x 101

1.043 x I0

Z

1.482 x 10Z

1.959 x 102

2.994 x 10?

4.102 x lOf

7.046 x

,Z

l.QTG x IQ'

1.627 x W

2.239 x 10'

2.843 x

15
Table 2. Electron range r (T ) as a function of electron energy T .

Values are from reference [3].

T (MeV) rQ (g/cmC

) T (MeV) r (g/cm )

0.01 3.519 x io-4 1.0 5.493 x

10"

0.015 7.074 x IO"

4

1.5 8.825 x 10"

3.02 1.165 x IO"

3

2.0 1.212

0.03 2.356 x IO"

3

3.0 1.855

0.04 3.883 x IO"

3 4.0 2.476

0.05 5.714 x IO"

3 5.0 3.076

0.06 7.822 x IO"

3

6.0 3.658

0.08 1.279 x IO'

2 8.0 4.777

0.10 1.864 x IO"

2 10 5.841

0.15 3.641 x IO"

2 15 8.305

0.20 5.772 x IO"

2

20 1.054 x IO

1

0.30 1.077 x IO'

1 30 1.448 x IO1

0.40 1.640 x IO"

1 40 1.788 x IO

1

0.50 2.243 x IO"

1 50 2.087 x IO

1

0.60 2.871 x IO"

1 60 2.355 x IO

1

0.80 4.168 x IO"

1 80

100

2.816 x IO

1

3.204 x IO

1

16
Table 3. Fraction of dose <D_ (z) contributed by incident spectral energies below

T . The quantity gTven corresponds to the ratio

T

°° f

c D^(z,T ) exp(-T /a) dT // D^(z,T ) exp(-T /a) dT , •'o °° o °°

2 and is given for various depths z in g/cm and for various a and

T in MeV. For any z and a, the fraction of the dose contributed

°y T .„ < T < T is the difference between the value tabulated for mm o max

T„ = "L*~ and that for T = T . . Results are given for protons,

c max c mm 3

. electrons, and bremsstrahlung.

T (MeV)

PROTONS

2 5 10 200 500 1000 2000 5000

a = 10 MeV

0.03 0.00 0.15 0.63 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

<30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.00

a = 20 MeV

0.03 0.00 0.10 0.47 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.97 0.9S 0.99 1.00

a = 50 MeV

0.03 0.00 0.06 0.31 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00

a = 100 MeV

0.03 0.00 0.05 0.24 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00

30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.95 1.00 1.00 1.00

a = 200 MeV

0.03 0.00 0.03 0.18 0.87 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.95 1.00 1.00 1.00

30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.81 0.99 1.00 1.00

17
T

c (MeV)

0.1

Table 3. (Continued)

ELECTRONS

0.2 0.5 10 20 50

(g/cm ) a = 0.25 MeV

0.03 0.00 0.05 0.71 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00

a =

0.00

0.50 MeV

0.01 1.00 1.00 r.oo

0.03 0.00 0.03 0.48 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00

a

=

0.00

1 MeV

0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.03 0.00 0.01 0.29 0.85 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00

a

=

0.00

2 MeV

0.00 0.95 1.00 1.00

0.03 0.00 0.01 0.16 0.62 0.92 0.99 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.84 0.99 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00

a =

0.00

4 MeV

0.00 0.71 1.00 1.00

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.39 0.72 0.92 1.00 1.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.59 0.89 1.00 1.00

3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 1.00 1.00

18
Table 3. (Continued)

Jc (MeV)

0.2

0.12

0.06

0.04

0.01

BREMSSTRAHLUNG

0.5

a = 0.25 MeV

0.68

0.33

0.30

0.16

1.00

0.99

0.98

0.97

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

20

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

50

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

a = 0.50 MeV

0.03

0.3

3

30

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.05

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.40

0.09

0.07

0.03

0.96

0.85

0.74

0.62

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.99

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

a = 1 MeV

0.03

0.3

3

30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.19

0.02

0.01

0.00

0.74

0.51

0.29

0.18

0.98

0.95

0.86

0.79

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.99

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

a = 2 MeV

0.03

0.3

3

30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.08

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.40

0.22

0.07

0.03

0.97

0.70

0.44

0.32

1.00

0.96

0.88

0.82

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

a = 4 MeV

0.03

0.3

3

30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.15

0.08

0.01

0.00

0.41

0.34

0.14

0.07

0.72

0.70

0.51

0.37

0.96

0.96

0.92

0.84

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

19
INCIDENT PROTONS

AND ELECTRONS

det,

Case 1. Semi-infinite medium; absorbed dose in detector denoted as 2>_ (z)

INCIDENT PROTONS

AND ELECTRONS

DETECTOR

det, Case 2. Finite-thickness slabj absorbed dose in detector denoted as %>_ (z)

INCIDENT PROTONS

AND ELECTRONS

det,

Case 3, Solid sphere; absorbed dose in detector denoted as ^, e (z)

Fig. 1. Geometries considered in SHIELDOSE calculations. Isotropic,

broad-beam fluxes of protons and electrons are assumed incident

on aluminum targets; absorbed dose is calculated for small

volumes of detector materials A£, l-LO, Si, and SiOp.

20
Appendix A.

intl: Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-26, No. 6, December 1979

ELECTRON, ELECTRON-BREMSSTRAHLUNG AND PROTON DEPTH-DOSE

DATA FOR SPACE-SHIELDING APPLICATIONS*

Stephen M. Seltzer

National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234

Abstract

. A data set has been developed, consisting of depth-dose distributions for omni-directional electron

and proton fluxes incident on aluminum shields. The principal new feature of this work is the accurate

treatment, based on detailed Monte Carlo calculations,

of the electron-produced bremsstrahlung component. Results covering the energy region of interest in space-shielding calculations have been obtained for the absorbed dose (a) as a function of depth in a semi- infinite medium, (b) at the edge of slab shields, and

(c) at the center of a solid sphere. The dose to a thin tissue-equivalent detector was obtained as well as that in aluminum. Various results and comparisons with other work are given.

The longer dura future satellite mis

for the use of radia

Metal -Oxide-Semicond

problem of predictin

the spacecraft. ' Su

(a) knowledge of the incident on the spac

rical and compositio

and (c) an accurate

radiation through th

Introduction

tions of currently planned and

sions, and the increasing preference tion-sensitive CMOS (Complimentary

uctor) devices, make more acute the

g the radiation dose at points in ch predictions- depend on spectra of electrons and protons

ecraft; (b) details of the geometnal complexities of the spacecraft;

description of the transport of the

ie spacecraft material.

Improvements in space-shielding calculations are desirable in all three of these areas. The uncertainty

in the information of the Earth's radiation environment

is presently approaching a level of about a factor of

two, and should improve further as more comprehensive

experimental data are accumulated and theoretical models are refined. The complexities of the spacecraft

configuration can, in principle, be taken into account

by Monte Carlo transport calculations in complicated

geometry 2 or by irradiations of satellite mock-ups.

However, a far less costly alternative is the use of approximate methods 3 based on data obtained for simple

geometries.

In this paper, calculated results are presented on

the penetration of electrons and protons in aluminum,

as summarized in terms of depth-dose data, for conditions pertinent to space-shielding problems. The principal new feature of this work is the accurate

treatment of the production and transport of electronproduced bremsstrahlung photons which are more penetrating than the electrons themselves. Information on the bremsstrahlung tail can be particularly important

for geostationary orbits in which satellites encounter

few or no trapped protons, and for which the dose penetrating through thick shields is completely due to the bremsstrahlung.

Work supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Space Science Data Center at the NASA Goddard

Space Fl ight Center.

Although the basic calculations were done for semi-infinite aluminum targets, consideration has been

given also to other simple configurations, namely the dose at the edge of finite aluminum slabs and the dose

at the center of uniform, solid aluminum spheres. In addition, the dose has been calculated in thin tissue- equivalent detectors embedded in or at the edge of the aluminum target.

Method of Calculation

Electrons and Bremsstrahlung

The electron calculations make use of the Monte

Carlo code ETRAN which treats the following processes:

i) electron energy loss, including energy-loss straggling

(fluctuations) due both to multiple inelastic scattering

by atomic electrons and to the emission of bremsstrahlung

photons; ii) angular deflections of electrons due to multiple elastic scattering by atoms; iii) penetration

and diffusion of the secondary bremsstrahlung photons;

and iv) penetration and diffusion of energetic secondary

electrons produced in electron-electron knock-on collisions (delta rays) and in the interaction of bremsstrahlung photons with the medium (pair, Compton,

and photoelectrons).

Details of the Monte Carlo model and of the cross sections used have been given elsewhere"" 7

, along with

numerous comparisons with experimental results. These

will not be discussed here, except for the following

improvement. The ETRAN bremsstrahlung results, based

on the use of a set of empirically-corrected Bethe- Heitler bremsstrahlung cross sections 6

, were adjusted

to reflect the exact calculations of the bremsstrahlung

production cross section of Pratt, Tseng, et al 8

. Comparisons, using both the ETRAN and Pratt cross- section data sets for aluminum, of the electron mean energy loss per unit pathlength due to the emission of bremsstrahlung (see, e.g., reference 11) and of the

total energy radiated in the course of slowing down (in the continuous-slowing-down approximation) give a multiplicative correction factor for the ETRAN results

that is very close to unity for electron source energies

T > 1 MeV, and is 0.96, 0.94, 0.92, 0.89, and 0.82 at

0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.02 MeV, respectively.

Protons

The main emphasis on this work was the calculation

of the dose from electrons. However, it was considered

desirable to include some corresponding results for protons so that one can put the contributions from the

two types of radiation into proper perspective. For

this purpose, we limited ourselves to a simple treatment

that included Coulomb interactions but neglected nuclear

interactions. The error incurred by this simplification

is generally no greater than 10-20% for shields up to - 30 g/cm 2

.

The proton calculations were done in the straightahead, continuous-slowing-down approximation using the stopping-power and range data of Barkas and Berger. 9 Alsmiller et al 10 have shown that the neglect of angular

deflections and range straggling is negligible in space-shielding calculations.

4896 U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright.

21
Initial and Boundary Conditions

The calculations were made for radiation whose

fluence is isotropic and which is incident on a semi- infinite, uniform aluminum plane medium. The radiation

is assumed to be incident over a large area, so that the transport problem reduces to a one-dimensional one, with

the depth z as the only spatial variable. Radiation

crossing out through the plane boundary (z = 0) was considered lost to the medium (backscattered).

Let v»(T ,e) be the incident fluence, differential

in initial energy T„ and in angle 6. The fluence,

having units of cm""MeV"'sr" 1

, pertains to the number

of particles crossing through a unit area perpendicular

to the incident particle vector. The current of particles crossing into the medium, per unit area of

the plane boundary, is then

j(T .6) = *(T ,6) cosf < 6 < tt/2, ID

where 6 is the angle of incidence with respect to the

normal to the plane. The current j has the same units as the fluence * .

For the purposes of normalization, we define "the integrated incident 4tt fluence as*

*4tc = 2n (

dT

o f

sin8de * ( V

or

*4tt ** J

dT

o

* ( V

since <t is assumed isotropic. has the units cm" 2 binte v lb ciijuiiieu ibuirupiL. =4- nai ine unui ui . Only particles with < 6 < tt/2 cross into a semi- infinite plane medium, so we define the integrated incident 2tt fluence as

co TT/2 *(T ,e)

Results for Monoenergetic Radiation

Electron Component

Electron depth-dose curves and spectra were calculated for incident energies T = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2,

3, 5, 7, and 10 MeV, based on samples of 10,000 incident electrons in each case. The histories of all generations of electrons were followed down to an energy of

T

Q/32, at which point the deposition of the small amount of residual energy was treated approximately.

Photon histories were followed down to an energy of

2 keV.

In addition to the depth-dose distributions, the electron fluence spectra F e (T,z;T ), as a function of

spectral energy T and depth z, set up within the medium were calculated for those electrons traveling in the forward direction (forward fluence denoted as Ff° r

) as well as for electrons traveling in all directions

(total fluence denoted as F|ot ). The data w.|re obtained

for depths z up to the electron mean range r o(T ), the region in which the energy deposition is dominated

by ionization (and excitation) losses of the primary

electrons. Typical electron fluence spectra are shown

in Fig. 1 , for T„ = 1 MeV, at both a depth near the entrance plane and a depth well into the medium. It can

be seen that there is a sizeable backscattered component

(the difference between the F^ot and the Fg 0r curves)

and a noticeable build-up of low-energy electrons.

A Using the notation of Jordan, we let D_ (z,T ) be the aluminum dose as a function of depth z in the semi-infinite medium as directly calculated. The dose

in thin tissue-equivalent detectors (very thin water

layers) was obtained according to***

H 2° At

D„5 (z.T ) = 1£ ( Z »V

i:

tnf H,0

F^0t (T,z;T

o

) L l (T,A) dT + N(z)A

f

F^0t (T,z;T

o

) L M(T,A) dT + N(z)A

2rr / dT

Q ,(T )

and the total incident current as

TT/2 sinede J'(T ,e)

°S TT • 2-I

dI»i

= 2tt / dT

Q j sinede cose *>(T Jo Jo

*fJo

d V(V (4)

where L(T,A) is the electron restricted stopping power

1 which includes only energy transfers less than A (in our case, A = T

Q /32). In Eq. 6, N(z) is the number

of electrons per unit depth falling below the cut-off

energy A (the so-called track-ends).

Similarly, the dose D_(z,T ) at the edge of finite slabs of thickness z was approximated by

The mean range, also called the csda range because it

is derived in the continuous-slowing-down approximation, is defined as the integral of the reciprocal

of the total stopping power over the energy range from the initial energy T down to some very small cut-off energy. Reference 11 contains an extensive

tabulation of electron range values.

Thus,

»4* " 2$

2tt = 4J (5) This expression is closely related to the Spencer- Attix 13 cavity-ionization theory.

A factor 2tt comes from the integration over the azimuthal angle.

22

4897
D^(2,T ) = D^(z,T ) r=*

-for, A£,

Fg (T,z;T ) L""-(T,A)dT + N(z)A/2

(7) f F*ot (T,z;T ) L A*(T,A)dT + N(z)A

and by

H 2° Al D_ (z.T ) = D^(z,T

Q

) -:

/-° f«,- H 9° J

F;0r (T,z;T ) L

Z (T,A) dT + N(z)A/2

(8) f

F*ot (T,z;T ) L At

(T,A) dT + N(z)A

In Eqs. 7 and 8, for the forward-moving electrons we use N(z)/2 in the track-end term since we find that at low

spectral energies the fluence is nearly equally divided between the forward- and the backward-moving electrons.

Bremsstrahlung Component,

10'

10

10

FIG. 1.

-i 1 1 i i

z/r„ = 0-0.025

-i_L

0.1 ELECTRON ENERGY T. MeV

Electron spectra in a semi-infinite aluminum

medium bombarded by a 1-MeV, isotropic electron beam. Calculated spectra F e

, as a function of electron spectral energy T, are

shown for the depth intervals < z < 0.025 r and 0.425 < z < 0.45 r

p where rQ

is the electron mean range. At each depth, the lower curve is for electrons traveling in the forward direction, the upper curve includes electrons traveling in all directions.

4898

In order to obtain statistically significant results

for the bremsstrahlung contribution to the dose, this contribution was not taken directly from the output of

the ETRAN calculations, but indirectly in the following

manner. A feature of the Monte Carlo code was exploited

which allows for an arbitrary number of bremsstrahlung

photons per electron to be generated. This is compensated by the use of weight factors to correct back to the true production rate. In this way, separate calculations

were made of the photon spectrum Fy(k,z;T ) as a function of photon spectral energy k and depth z for

T = 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 MeV,

and for depths up to 30 g/cm 2

. These results are based

on sample sizes of 10,000 incident electrons and from 115,000 to 160,000 emitted bremsstrahlung photons.

Figure 2 gives typical forward and total photon fluence spectra for T„ = 1 MeV. At a shallow depth

(~ 0.45 g/cm 2

, still within the electron range), soft bremsstrahlung photons are evident in the spectra with

energies k < 10 keV. At larger depths, the spectrum

hardens due to the strong photoelectric absorption of low-energy photons.

The bremsstrahlung dose was then obtained from

0^(z,T

o

) = f

tot "eS (k) F*0t (k,z;T ) k-^— dk

H,0

D_2 (z,T

Q

)

D^(z,T )

H,0

i

F*0t (k,z;T )

F>,z;T )

H,0

^n M dk

uA>) dk

-for (k.z;T )

H,0

"en" (k) dk (9)

where uen/p is the photon mass energy-absorption

coefficient tabulated by Hubbe!! 11*.

23
10

fe 10-

10'

I I I I I 1

1

T = 1 MeV

10 100 1000 INCIDENT PROTON ENERGY T . MeV

FIG. 3. Proton dose for fixed depths z in a semi- infinite aluminum medium, plotted as a function

of incident energy T . The calculated results D^ are given in terms of the dose per unit 2tt isotropic incident fluence.

0.001 0.01 0.1 PHOTON ENERGY k. MeV

FIG. 2. Bremsstrahlung spectra in a semi-infinite aluminum medium bombarded by a 1-MeV, isotropic electron beam. Calculated spectra Fy, as a function of bremsstrahlung photon spectral energy k, are shown for the depth intervals

0.4 < z < 0.5 g/cm2 and 9 < z < 10 g/cm 2

. At each depth, the lower curve is for photons

traveling in the forward direction, the upper

curve includes photons traveling in all directions.

Basic Set of Depth-Dose Distributions

Using the methods described above, a set of depthdose distributions for aluminum shields were generated

for monoenergetic sources. The distributions were

smoothed in z and T . The overall uncertainty of the

final results, including the uncertainties in cross sections used and those due to statistical fluctuations

and smoothing of the Monte Carlo data, is estimated to be 10%.

The aluminum dose expressed in rads*, as a function

of T for fixed depths, is^jhown for a semi -infinite medium in Fig. 3 for protons and in Fig. 4 for electrons. The electron curves include contributions from

primary and secondary knock-on electrons and from secondary electrons set in motion by bremsstrahlung

photons. At z = 0, the proton dose reduces to the stopping power. However, for the semi-infinite medium,

the electron dose at z = is larger than the stopping power due to backscattering from greater depths.

FIG. 4.

A rad = 10" Gy = 1 .602 x 10 MeV/g. The detector

material will be specified within parentheses in the unit of dose, e.g., rads (Mi).

In the straight-ahead approximation, Ci- pro tons. D— for

24

INCIDENT ELECTRON ENERGY T . NleV Electron dose for fixed depths z in a semi- infinite aluminum medium, plotted as a function

of incident energy T . The calculated results CL are given in terms of the dose per unit 2tt isotropic incident fluence. The dashed curve

is the zero-depth dose based only on the stopping power and neglects backscattering

from greater depths.

4899
In Fig. 5, the electron dose as a function of T , at z

= 0, 0.5 and 5 g/cm 2

, is compared for the cases

of the aluminum dose in a semi-infinite aluminum medium,

the aluminum dose at the edge of finite aluminum slabs, and the tissue dose in a semi-infinite aluminum medium.

For very thin slabs the dose is less than the stopping

power because of the escape of energy in the form of energetic knock-on electrons. We find that except for

the region where the bremsstrahlung dominates, the tissue dose is roughly a factor 1.3 larger than the aluminum dose and that the dose for finite slabs is roughly 0.7 of that for a semi-infinite medium (there are variations with z and T of as much as ~ + 20% from this approximate value for the D_/D_ ratio). However, for the bremsstrahlung component, the situation

is more complicated because of the strong variation with

photon energy and detector material of the mass energy- absorption coefficient.

10'

10'

10'

10

10

10 1

10" " v

10

FIG. 5.

- ~^^ 1 1 1—1—I—1 1 ' 1 "——1

1 1—t—1—III.

z = g/cm* ,^>-—II-.- —

z/:^'

: If/

: // 0.5 g/cm*

I

f D a /$ 2TT .radsIA/)/ ~: :_._D-/$ 2TT . rads(A/)f

- D = /$ - rads(H,OI i j. - X TTTT" mi

\ // - >y //

- S /*'

I ^* J A* 5 g/cm*

y" ' /" xf / ///

- /r ' ///

- ' ///

- '' sv'' -

- / /' ' -' //

// '' // I J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 0.1 1 10 INCIDENT ELECTRON ENERGY T . MeV

Comparison of electron dose distributions in semi-infinite aluminum media and at the edge

of finite aluminum slabs, for both aluminum

and tissue-equivalent detectors. Solid curves pertain to the aluminum dose D- at depths z in a semi-infinite aluminum medTum; dot-dashed

curves pertain to the aluminum dose D_ at

the edge of aluminum slabs of thickness z; dashed curves pertain to the tissue dose D5

at depths z in a semi-infinite aluminum

medium. The points for z = are based only

on the stopping power.

Measurements were made by Van Gunten 15 of the aluminum dose in hollow aluminum cubes, one face of which was irradiated by monoenergetic, isotropic electron

beams. Those measurements made directly behind and at the center of the irradiated face would seem to closely

correspond to D_, except possibly for a small additional contribution backscattered from the other sides of the

cube. The calculated results are compared in Table I to the properly normalized 16 data of Van Gunten. For T = 1 2 and 3 MeV, the agreement is good, within the stated uncertainty of 10% for the experimental data. However,

there is a discrepancy at 4 MeV where the measured doses

are consistently lower than the calculated ones. We can

find no ready explanation for this discrepancy.

TABLE I. Comparison of calculated and measured dose

behind aluminum slab shields irradiated by

monoenergetic, isotropic electron beams. The experimental results of Van Gunten 15 and the calculated results are given in units of

10" 7 rads (Ail), and are normalized to a unit

2tt isotropic incident fluence. Results are given for various incident electron energies

and shield thickness z.

T (MeV) z(mils c Exptl . Dose Calc. Dose

1 30 0.110 + 0.011 0.115

1 60 0.00781 + 0.0078 0.00701

2 30 0.164 + 0.016 0.167

2 60 0.118 + 0.012 0.120

2 125 0.0163 + 0.0016 0.0153

3 30 0.169 + 0.017 0.181

3 60 0.155 + 0.016 0.153

3 125 0.0812 + 0.0081 0.0859

4 30 0.149 + 0.015 0.189

4 60 0.136 + 0.014 0.168

4 125 0.0915 + 0.0092 0.122

4 250 0.0146 + 0.0015 0.0252

a 2

1 mil = 0.00686 g/cm of aluminum

Calculations for Arbitrary Incident Spectra

The monoenergetic-source results have been incorporated into a computer code SHIELD0SE** which rapidly

performs the necessary interpolation and integration for any incident spectrum.

Slab Shields

The results from the approximate proton calculations

are compared in Fig. 6 with those calculated by Burrell 17 and by Alsmiller 18 for aluminum slabs. The SHIELD0SE

results are no more than 10-20% higher than these other

results which include the effects of nuclear interactions.

Such a discrepancy is consistent with the findings of Santoro et al 19 who tested the effects of nuclear collisions and secondary particles in proton space- shielding calculations.

Electron results for simple exponential incident

spectra ^(T ) = (1/2-na) exp(- T /a) are given in Fig. 7 and are compared to those of Watts and Burrell 20

. When

the bremsstrahlung component is omitted the curves are generally in good agreement as should be expected, since

both calculations are based on data obtained (independently) using ETRAN. In order to indicate the effect of bremsstrahlung on the depth-dose distribution, curves including this component are given also in Fig. 7.

This factor can be estimated simply from stopping power

tables. Based on the calculated fluence spectra, we find values from about 1.24 to 1.34.

4900

This code will be available from the Radiation Shielding

Information Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and from the National Space Science Data Center, Goddard

Space Flight Center. 25
FIG. 6. Comparison of proton depth-dose distributions

D— in aluminum slab shields. The dashed curve

is from the present calculations, the solid curve from Alsmiller 18

, and the points from

Burrell 17. All results were calculated for an incident, isotropic proton fluence (in cm^Mev-'sr" 1

) of *{T ) = 2.5 x 10 11 T

~

2 -° 7 for 5 < T < 60 MeV and *(T ) = 5.486 x 10 1 " T

" 3-95 for 60 < T < 1000 MeV, and pertain to irradiation from one side only.

Previous bremsstrahlung calculations in space- shielding problems have been done in various ways, but generally have been based on the straight-ahead approximation. As an example, we compare in Fig. 8 our results with those of Watts and Burrell 20 for exponential incident electron spectra. These authors considered a number of models describing the energy and angular distributions of the emitted bremsstrahlung and give various results ranging from those from their most elaborate treatment to a simple order-of-magnitude

estimate (based in part on our older Monte Carlo data

1* pertaining to the energy content of bremsstrahlung beams emerging from aluminum targets). As seen in Fig. 8, these results disagree with the SHIELD0SE results by as much as a factor of two; however, it turns out that their more approximate results fortuitously agree to within - 30%.

Spherical Shields

In application to spacecraft there is usually interest in geometries other than those of simple slab

targets. Calculations for complicated geometries are beyond the scope of this work. However, results have

been obtained for the dose at the center of uniform

solid spheres using slab depth-dose distributions. This

is accomplished using the relation

FIG. 7.

3 4 DEPTH z. g/cm2

Electron dose Ds

as a function of depth z in

a semi-infinite aluminum medium. Results are

for exponential incident spectra, *i

x exp T /a), and are given in terms of the dose per unit 2tt isotropic incident fluence. Dashed curves are from calculations of Watts

and Burrell 20 based on ETRAN depth-dose data;

solid curves are from present calculations

(upper curves include bremsstrahlung component,

lower curves do not)

.

an isotropic fluence of particles in the straight-ahead

approximation. The factor of 2= 4>4 Tr /<I>2Tr in Eq- 10 merely takes into account that a sphere is irradiated

from all directions while the semi-infinite medium is irradiated only from one side.

Proton doses at centers of spheres are shown in Fig. 9, where our results are compared with those calculated by Burrell 17 and Hill 21 The overestimate

by - 10-20% for large radius z of our results, is -- as in the slab case -- attributable to our neglect of attenuation due to nuclear interactions.

In the case of electrons and bremsstrahlung, the use of Eq. 10 is, because of multiple scattering effects, more approximate. Jordan 12 has made Monte Carlo calculations specifically for the slab and spherical

geometries in order to validate Eq. 10, at least up to depths where the bremsstrahlung contribution is still

D.(z) = 2 D_(z) (1 - d log D-(z'

d log z' Jno)

where D

t (z) is the dose at the center of a sphere of

radius z. This relationship, which has been suggested

by Jordan 12 and references cited by him, is exact for

26

Eq. 10 is given by Jordan 12 in terms of the dose D_ between two finite slab shields each of thickness z, rather than in terms of the dose D_ in a semi-infinite

medium. For protons in the straight-ahead approximation,

D_ = D_; for electrons, except for very small z where some differences in the backscattering becomes evident, D = = D_.

4901
15 20 DEPTH z. g/cm2

FIG. 6. Bremsstrahlung dose Ddepth z in -i semi-in?in

Results are for exponenti with an e-folding energy

in terms of the dose per incident fluence. Solid present calculations; bro

the straight-ahead calcul Burrell 20 (dashed curves elaborate treatment, dot- their most approximate es

as a function of

ite aluminum medium.

al incident spectra

a, and are given

unit 2n isotropic

curves are from

ken curves are from

ations of Watts and from their most

dashed curves are

timate).

small. Shown in Fig. 10 are his Monte Carlo results

both for Djj and D for the fission spectrum,

¥>(T ) = const x exp t-0.575 T -0.055 T

p

2 }. Shown also

a-re our results* based on our Monte Carlo calculations

for D- and the use of Eq. 10 for D m

. The disagreement

(~ 10%) in D

# for small z is evidently due to our

use of D- rather than D_, while the disagreement

(again ~ To") at large z "for both 0^ and D # apparently is the result of using different Monte Carlo calculations.

The ratio of the sphere dose to the slab dose is plotted in Fig. 11 for the fission spectrum and for an exponential spectrum with a = 0.5 MeV. Shown also is the ratio derived from Jordan's data for the fission

spectrum. We make the following observations pertinent

to space-shielding calculations: (a) Using Eq. 10 for electrons appears to be an approximation good to within ~ 10-20%. This is not to say that the straight-ahead

Our dose in silicon was extimated from the dose in aluminum by multiplying by 1.03, which takes into account the electron stopping-power ratio. For the bremsstrahlung component also included in the results,

this factor should actually be somewhat larger but has little effect on the comparison.

10 20 RADIUS z. g/cm230

FIG. 9. Proton dose at the centers of aluminum spheres

§

, as a function of sphere radius z. Dashed

curves are from present calculations; solid curves are from those of Burrell 17

; and points are from Hill 21

. Upper set of results

are for an incident, isotropic proton fluence

(in cm^MeV^sr" 1 ) of *(T ) = 5.486 x 10"4 Tq~

3,95

; the lower set are for *(T ) = 1.257 x 10 12 T

~

3 ' 12

. Irradiation of the sphere is assumed to be from all directions.

approximation per se, i.e tions, is accurate for de but rather that, for the of interest, electron pen some functions (details o if the electrons move alo argument in favor of usin

the bremsstrahlung tail i the straight-ahead approx

the shape of the depth-do

for example, in Fig. 8. than about 6 to 8 for pro

as 13 for electrons and a tail.

Realistic Spectra

, neglecting angular deflecscribing electron penetration,

incident electron distributions

etration can be described by

f which we need not know) a%_ ng straight lines, (b) The

g the results of Eq. 10 for

s the success of some form of imation in describing at least

se distribution as demonstrated,

(c) Whereas D /D— is less

tons, this ratio is as large bout 3 in the bremsstrahlung

Finally, we give an example of SHIELDOSE results

for incident spectra kindly provided by E.G. Stassinopoulos

of NASA/GSFC using the radiation-environment models and orbit-integration codes 22 developed at the National Space Science Data Center. Figure 12 shows the one- year aluminum dose, both [u and D_, for the omni- directional, orbit-integrated, trapped electron fluence

for a geostationary orbit with an altitude of 35790 km,

an inclination of 0°, and for a parking longitude of

160 C W. The spectrum, shown in the insert of Fig. 12,

4902 27
10'

5 iff"

iu Iff 9 -

ia1

1 1 1 1 1 1

11

11

\\

-

- N X. X \\\

\\x\vx

—V xx

- \ ^. \ \V SOLID SPHERE,

- \ V »•'*««

" \ Vxx\

Vxvx _ vx\\\\\\

~ \\ %w -

*

1 \\

\. N V

- SEMI-INFINITE SLAB vs. \\

D«/*«tt s\ \ \ - "\ ^ \"

vs \ >

_ Vv \-

>\ \ \\

\\\\\\

1 1

l v\ 1

! 1 1

_ a = 5 MeV/ \ /

I 1 ! \

l

\ FISSION SPECTRUM

1

/ '/ \

_ / 7 \

/ If \ "

" / / \

"

/ ft

-1 //

1 /'

-

// /ill 1:11 1

FIG. 11 Ratio of the electron dose D. at centers of aluminum spheres (radius z) "to twice the dose D_ in a semi -infinite aluminum medium

(at depth z). The results, pertaining to aluminum detectors, are plotted out to large

z where the bremsstrahlung dominates. Solid curves are our results based on Eq. 10 and are given both for incident electrons with a fission spectrum and for electrons with an exponential spectrum characterized by an e-folding energy a = 0.5 MeV. Dashed curve

is the fission-spectrum results of Jordan 12 who considered explicitly the two geometries.

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

z, mils

FIG. 10. Comparison of the electron

infinite medium (at depth centers of spheres (radius

for aluminum targets (100 m irradiated by an isotropic

having a fission spectrum,

exp(-0.575 T - 0.055 T

2

) Dashed curves are Jordan's 1 Monte Carlo calculations fo Solid curves are the presen Monte Carlo calculations fo medium and on the use of Eq spheres.

dose in a semiz) and at the

z). Results are

ils = 0.686 g/cm 2

) electron fluence *(T ) = 0.057

cm" 2 MeV" 1 sr" 1. 2 results from

r each geometry,

t results based on

r the semi-infinite

10 for the

was calculated for the epoch 1979.0 using the AEI7-HI

model. The solar proton fluence for this orbit and period is ^(T ) = 9.25 x 10 8 exp(- T /26.5 MeV)

cm" 2 MeV" 1 sr" 1 , and corresponds to one anomalously

large event predicted at the 95% confidence level.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank E.G. Stassinopoulos,

who suggested this work, and Martin Berger for many

helpful discussions and suggestions.

FIG. 12. Depth-dose distributions in aluminum targets

for the radiation encountered during one year

in a geostationary orbit. The orbit parameters

and incident radiation spectra, are described

in the text; the incident electron fluence is given in the insert. Results are given both

for the dose D- at depth z in a semi- infinite medium and for the dose D, at the center of a sphere of radius z. The solarproton dose, for 1 anomalously-large event,

is given by the dashed curves.

28 4903
References

1. A. Holmes-Siedle and R.F.A. Freeman, IEEE Trans.

Nucl. Sci. NS-24 , 2259 (1977).

2. H.M. Colbert, Sandia Laboratory Report SLL-74-0012

(1973).

3. H.S. Davis and T.M. Jordan, NASA Jet Propulsion

Laboratory Technical Memorandum 33-765 (1976).

4. M.J. Berger and S.M. Seltzer, NASA Publ . SP-169

(1968).

5. M.J. Berger and S.M. Seltzer, Computer Code Collection 107, Oak Ridge Shielding Information Center (1968).

6. M.J. Berger and S.M. Seltzer, Phys. Rev C2, 621 (1970). —

7. S.M. Seltzer, National Bureau of Standards Publ. NBS-IR 74457 (1974); S.M. Seltzer and M.J. Berger,

Nucl. Instr. and Meth. V}1, 157 (1974).

8. R.H. Pratt, H.K. Tseng, CM. Lee and L. Kissel,

At. Data and Nucl. Data Tables 20, 175 (1977).

9. W.H. Barkas and M.J. Berger, NASA Publ. SP-3013

(1964).

10. R.G. Alsmiller, J. Barish and W.W. Scott, Nucl.

Sci. and Engr. 35, 405 (1969).

11. M.J. Berger and S.M. Seltzer, NASA Publ. SP-3012

(1964).

12. T.M. Jordan, Exptl . and Math. Phys. Consultants

Report EMP.L77.023 (1977).

13. L.V. Spencer and F.H. Attix, Rad. Res. 3, 239

(1955).

14. J.H. Hubbell, National Bureau jf Standards Publ. NSRDS-NBS 29 (1969).

15. 0.0. Van Gunten, Thesis, Univ. of Maryland (1974).

16. 0.0. Van Gunten, private communication.

17. M.O. Burrell, NASA Technical Memorandum X-53063

1964).

18. R.G. Alsmiller, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Report ORNL 62-10-29 (1962).

19. R.T. Santoro, R.G. Alsmiller and J. Barish, Nucl. Sd. and Engr. 49, 375 (1972).

20. J.W. Watts and M.O. Burrell, NASA Publ. TN D-6385

(1971).

21. C.W. Hill, Lockheed-Georgia Co. Report ER-6643

(1964).

22. E.G. Stassinopoulos and C.Z. Gregory, NASA-GSFC

Report X-601-74-330 (Nov. 1974) and

E.G. Stassinopoulos, J.J. Hebert and E.L. Butler, NASA-GSFC Report X-601 -77-114 (May 1977).

4904 29
Appendix B. Monoenergetic depth-dose data.

Scaled, monoenergetic depth-dose distributions are given in the following

tables. The results are normalized to a unit incident current (1 cm ) of

particles crossing into the plane aluminum medium, and ptrtain to particles

with an isotropic angular distribution incident from one side only. The dose,

absorbed in thin detectors of various materials of interest as given both as det

a function of depth z in a semi-infinite medium, D_ (z), and as a

00 function of thickness z at the transmission surface of a finite thickness

det

slab, D_ (z). Reference can be made to figure 1 for a further indication

of irradiation and target geometry. The scaling is done in terms of the

mean (c.s.d.a.) range r (T ) in g/cm (given in tables 1 and 2 of the

main text) and incident energy, T in MeV. The tables are organized as

follows:

Table B.l. (r /T ) D^(z/r ) = (r /T ) D^(z/r ) for protons.

00 Units: dimension! ess.

H

9 H? Table B.2. (p /T ) D/ (z/r ) = (r /T ) D/ (z/r ) for protons.

00 Units: dimensionless.

Table B.3. (p /T ) D^U/r ) = (r /T ) D*

1 (z/r ) for protons.

00 Units: dimensionless.

SiOp SiCL

Table B.4. (r

Q

/T ) D_ (z/r

Q

) = (p

q

/T ) D_ ^(z/p ) for protons.

00 Units: dimensionless.

Table B.5. ( r / T ) D_ (z/r ) for electrons. Units: dimensionless,

oo

Table B.6. (P /T ) D_ (z/r ) for electrons. Units: dimensionless,

30
H

2 Table B.7. (r_/T ) D_ (z/r ) for electrons. Units: dimensionless.

00

Table B.8.

Table B.9.

Table B.10.

Table B.ll.

Table B.12.

Table B.13.

Table B.14.

Table B.15.

Table B.16.

Table B.17.

Table B.18.

Table B.19.

Table B.20.

H

2 r / TrJ D _ ^ z/ rn^ ^or electrons - Units: dimensionless.

r /T ) D_(z/r ) for electrons. Units: dimensionless.

r /T ) D_ (z/r ) for electrons. Units: dimensionless.

Si0

2

r /T ) D_ (z/r ) for electrons. Units: dimensionless

00Si0

2 r /T ) D_ ( z/ r ) f° r electrons. Units: dimensionless.

1/T,

1/T,

1/T,

VT,

1/T,

1/T,

1/T,

1/T,

AO O

D_ (z/T ) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g.

00

An 9 D_ (z/T ) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g.

H

2 2 D_ ( Z/T

Q

) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g,

00HO 2 D

2 (z/T ) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g

Si 2 D_ (z/T ) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g.

00

Si 2

D_ (z/T ) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g.

Si0

2 2 D_ ( Z/T ) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g,

00Si0

2 2 D_ ( Z/T ) for bremstrahlung. Units: cm /g,

31
00

QJO

•i

toc

CD

oeoo^inoLTi — r»« — M<*-^*)(\j^ino>j-r^eot^CT> eOvOf^>eO'')r^o — cm — cr> so — in eo cr* eo so — s3-sj- — socom«j->3-©eo © Minr^c*© — CMCMrOrorotOfiCMCMCM — ©t^eor^soin-j-CM — oseO\OsJ-CMc-s!^LncMCssoro©r-.r-')csinom©sj-r^cr<oO

00 — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — — OOOOO^e>^^COWWOOtsNvCii)vCiriin^-tON- o

— — — — — — — — — — — .— — r- — «— ———————— — — .— — ———©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

in^sfiCsj-a-ioo^JoiOvrvS-tM^sD — ineoo — — © oo in — soofMvd-m^coc^^eO'— cs)>— eo-a-sosoroeo^somm — c* © CMinr^c^o- CMCMroK^rororocMCMCM — ©oc^eot^ins^M — ©eOsosTCMor-sincjor^sj-or^ioosinoinosj-r-s^oo

sO — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — — ©©©©©CTscs.o"scseoe>ooor~-r--scsOsoininsj-tocM — ©

— — —————— — — — — — — — — — — —————— — — — — — _ _ —©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

sj-tom — sj-ti©s£>©rominro — r--Por~-©c\]ror^t\j©i^tooo — srsosoinNn©LnCTscMrocMs7»int~.r~.sa-eoc*seLnLn — © © cm in r-~ o © — CMCMK>roK>rof>rocMCM — •~©cfseor~-vD>crfOr-©ooso»TC\j©eOL',iCNJ©r^v3-oi^»K)CT^m©mov3-r^c7<c7s

U"> — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — — OOOOO^C>0!>(OtOXINt^vDsOOinL"KMOCM — ©

— — — — — — — — *-•—«—•—_ .— ,— .— .— ,— .— _,— ._,_ __,-_«_._._ ,_ _ ©©©©©©ooo©©©©©©©©©©

sj- f> so cm m s*- •--r~.CS)irisO'J3Lriroc7<\r(T>fs)s3- iriin^(NJCT><rc^'r^or-»oor~-iri — r~»©rOs3-^©ineor--si-eoosoinmcM© © cm in r-~ o © — CMCMrOKiiotororocMCM — — ©crsoor-sosyro — ©eOsOsrCMocomroor-^sr — r^-rOCTsincinosj-t-^cso's

•sT — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — .— ©©©©©sTsosc-scscooooor^r-^sosOsoinmsj-fOCM — © — — — — — — — I— — — — — — i— .— ,— .— .- .— — — — — — r- — — .— — — — — OO©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

sosoeoinwr-.in — inoo©©WvocMr^CMinr-.cooosOsi- — r^cMineoc^sTsoosofJcocMsj-si-M- sO{or-.roi-^cssosor-CMeo

rO — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — — OOOOOC>a>^^eOMOOI^NsOvD»OirnnvriOfO — o — — — — — — — — — .— .— .-.— ,-,-.-.— ,-.— .-.-.-.-.— .-.-_.-__,— — ©©©©©©©©O©©©©©©©©©©

o+Jo

s-Q.

s-o

4-

ro ro in cm sr sj- — r-.CMinsosos3- — eofi^cs- cmcm — win — moo — CMCM©eosJ-eocMh'>>a-to©sooo^so- CMersooo©m © civocoo"-NtO[o<jsTj, >rvr>3, ioioNr- — ©csoosomsa-cMosTsT^inrooooinroor^ss-- r~K)cr>in — so © sj- r-. <?> eo

cm — — — cmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcm — — — — — — — ©©©©©csCTsCT-osooeoeor-i— sososommsj-tocM — © — — — — — — — — .- — _ — _ — — ___ _ _»_,— »_,_ ,_ _ _ _ _ _ — — ©©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©©

as cs cm os — — oo sj- eo — cm cm © r». ki eo — sj-minsj-tooso — moo© — cm — eo in — in r~. oo oo so — s3-K)©Kis3-o-sr-.sj-f»CM — — — — cmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcm — — — — — — i— ©©©©©oc7sos.cr<eooooor--r^r--sosoininsrK>CM — ©

N

Q

©©©©©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©

— ooeoK)inKic*inoo — CMCM©e0v^cy-s3-r-.©.— — — c-ons- s3-\Oso:nficT>s--[~-CTsc»>r^r<ir^oOsD- to cm in cm os ro c* m r~- os — CMfiros?-s3-inininmsj-s3-r-'>K)CMCM — ©0">r-.soinK>cM©coso<!-CMc-r^sr — ooifiNeOsrovo — so © sx so eo r-- — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — ©©O©C^sTscr.ose000e0r^r^r>.s0s0inin>2-tOCM — ©

.- — .— ,— .— ,-,-.-_____,__,_,— __,___,___,-_.-____©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

i— — sj- CM in so ^ •- r- —'io<M<ii- eo^r^CMsj-sOsointooNincrsroinininrOOsOorMtocMC^ineOooinsTs — ctscms7sso©i~» sfr^^ — Ntosrininsoyo^so^iOLT\r>rioN^ocAtN(Ovrro^^Nin^oeo^c\!^iriNeO\toiri"-L'ioi'ivDoot> — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — >— — — — ©o©ooc^c?scscoeooor--t^.t-^sosoinin-3-fOCM — © — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

S-N

< I a

fir~.CM — iTiLTivr — so © — CMoeOs3-i7sr<oinr~.r-.os*- — r~ — inr».oooOso<r©s?-r-.sT.csr~.s^oo — — r>. — to — in cm © so in — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — OOOOOCM7iOsc300WlvNiOvOtOirisT<rtO(M- ©

— — — — — — — — — — — — — r- — — ^^ — — ^ — — — — ^- — ^ — — ^ — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

cm so — it. cm ro © so — srminto©inascMs3-ininto©c^cMineo©©©eOs3-©srsof-.r-.in — sooors.s3-eo©eocM©eomsjt^otOsrsor^eoeocsc^s^s7sCTso>eor--.r~soinsrrocM©s7sr~.in-j-CM©r^inK>©r-~sj- — com — t-^r-iC'sj-osrosroini-^t-- — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — 0000^0»CAcC««M^vDOvOiri>3->tlONr. ©

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©O©

©f)r».>3-i-*'sOtooocMsj-sj-fO©so©srsor«.r-.inK>©inc*>toinsoinss- — nnomiCma^- mr--t-.r<')h-c?sp^cMs7se0sr>tf' ©roint~~coo©©>— »— ^- — ^- ©©oeo^-oirivj-fo — a>oososrcM©cOiriK)oi->.sr»-eoLi — t^K)»>\i-Ovr-cr-cMir)i~^r^

CMCM(MCMCMCMK)rOK)rOK)tOrOrOtOCM COCO CM CMCMCMCM — — — ^- — ^- OOOO^CAPeOMeOM^vOOininvTsTflN-O

CO

0) O©©©0©©©©0©©0©©0©©

scooow\Di\i\OM^»*oNvooiOvtstM^NMN — MWinsrNa»\reo!Njtororocf>iri(>^C)^oNO\rNooiri

(Sir\JN'OIO(OMlOrOrOIO(OrOMIOr010C\lNC\JNN(\IN"'-^r-i-OOOOOsCACAMtOWNt^»Os0^in^*KlN — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ^^ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

©CT*©\J-xJ- — !TieO©vT>r^vJ-«7>CMmvOt^»£>vJ-- r^CMvOCO©— ©O^vOCMr^- — [O^v3-CMC0^r^e0sOCMlTlU~irOsOCMCy-fO©

os — vTiTi\osf^scos^.s\oioirii3-iocO'-ooo(^inMNoMiriMt-co^iooN\toNtocniri'-vO'-soo\TiOWeo

CMtototorotOhOiororocirOKitorofOtot^KiroCsirJCMCMCMCM — — — — oo©©CT<CTscr*eoeor-r^r~»sOsOLniri<i-rocM — ©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

CMs^OeOOCMsJ-sOOOOCMvrsOeOOfsIsrsOOOOCM^sOeOONv^sOeOOCMvrsOOOOCM^OOOCCMvrsOOOOCMsJ-sOCO© ©©©©© — — — — — cMCMCMCMCMrOKitOhOro>rvrvy\r<3-inknu^iri^sOsosOsDvDr>.r^r^^t>.eoeoeocceoos c^CT, c^^©

©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©—

32
(^inoiDN^in^wo"Oi^i00sotOO^sflCj^oc\J^L^oj^iri(sic'iiri('0(<)iri'-oin--oO'i-'-r^K)ovorjc3'JOL'i^

coeoeor^r--vOvD%cuiinin>3-^vrKiioCNJCMC\) — •— — ooooo>ovtc«eot--Nt^vOvOvDiriinin*>a-^K)Ki(\i(Mrj'- oo —————— — — — — — — ——————— — — — — — — oooooooooooooooooooooooooo

a;3

o

C_)

CO ei

to

<uco o

co o

o

<M0O>J"O> >J'ONI'lff>^(0OI>->}'(M^Mfl(MOC0KM'1 — (OvCIO — 001TltOO^3tO(T>in — vD>— LTl CO — lOtf lOO^'-O

O rOOs%OCS)COinC\)COU^ — COir>CN)COlT>CSlcOinC\]C^vOC\JC7>sOtOCTNOrOOv£>tOor^tOOOI^ o • ^ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —————— — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

or-^m>ci-t,">v3-'d-ininvo%fit--!~-.oOc^CNooo»-»— — — — — — ocr>eot^so>J-rooeou~i — cOtoeoNLnr^coeao — MvdO ^NPvDMOS 1t-Min('0^0(OOtCUlN^0100N>J---M>3''-eOinN<>>DCSJ^iON^iriNKlJ-OOt'JCOt'lh.^- — — — — — — — — — — — f— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

\T^ai|^inNOMvOf0^oo^^^^vovr'-wo'^"-oOiriNoh.>3''-coifii\)^^iroo'i!i,ia>ic(N)oOvfO'j3'-iricri C\l sOsomininirim^^^-vriOKitotocMCJCNjCM- — — — oooo<7>o^cr>cocQcor--r--r^r-»N£>'^>iriLr>ifivr"tf--ct-tot''>c\l — >— o •oooooooooooooooooooooooo

CO

r~-<S)r^ — vJ-f~.C^- (MPUrOhlCM — O00r--<fC\)OU">- l-»<\JeO(\JsOOrOsOeOC"0 — OOP^-lTi- >£>0(NJCM — ff'IOstoCMO

iriiriiniriN3-^v3-'<r>a->a-forofOK)to(MCNJCNJ(NJ — — — — ooooc^cr<a>CT<coeceor--r---r^^\oySLr)iriiri>3-srrOhOCSjc\)-

•oooooooooooooooooooooooo

COO

+-> o

s-Q.

S-o

iri — vooocowvo^r — r^Kioocsjso^c\j^oi^t^r^r^sOv^(M^sr)(sjt^c\i^oro^iriiriro^-eO'^r--eooO'^>CNJirifs)foroo O •a-vJ-t>0tM»-OO»e0f~-iri<3-CNJ — ^S^J-NOOOvOJ-NOCOinM — CO ^O rO — eOLTICNJC^sOtOC^OOvJCO^OvO- vDOMlfl o

— — — — — — — — — — — — — ———————————— — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

0^»-0(OOIOiri\flinintOOM'10>>3-eONlAN^OO — OW^D^OO — ITlcOONN — OiONLTuCintOWO^JirirON o roiotOMtoiomto(OKiioioNN(Nj(MC\ic\iCM — '-'-'->-ooooo^a'^MWoDech.M^iD^^]inin'j>rrOMrj — o

co

.— i— — — — — — — — ———————— — — — — — — — — — — — — oooooooooooooooooooooo

sISI Q

inf>r-cor^r«io'»tor^c> — — — ooov3CNJoo>or~- — <d-^ocoeoeocovo>3-o*£>(M%joo — csj — or-^oo^or^voi-or^eorooiniri O C\JK>K>tOK)K>CMt\I — OO^WMfl'TM— OeOl^lTltO — CT-r^mK) — Cr.y3\3-- cOM3f>Or*-K10sOC\)CO<f-C7'>tf-OK,>LrisO o rOK)rototOK)rorOfororOCSjr\JtNJCMCMCSJfOC\)>— — — — — oooooc^C7*c*cr.cococoeor~-r~.t^sO\OLf>m-cr*J-K>r<')c\) — o

vO • • — — — — — — ————————————— — — — — — — — — — — oooooooooooooooooooooo

o< — cr> r<*> in <r — h.NkDO*- cm (sj c\) o co in — vd — unco — nioioio — co in — in o-. — oa co — ooo-i^cor^ficococMco- o

o oooo>-'-'-'-ooo^woot->\oiOvj, (\)--otor^iriK)<\jo(0\0'3-f\lCT>r~.LriN(>s<r'-(0>3-'-r--ioo>irioinoiOvDio o csjrotororotororoiorjcMCMCMCMCMCJCOfoCNj — — — — — — oooocr>cr>c7,>CTNcoeococor^t^f-.'j3soininin>j->j-rocsj — o

lO — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — oooooooooooooooooooooo

in — — soooiom- ^ONt\)iovr^'t(\i^voNN'-inN^ooc>NO- — %o o i»o <>- in r<o — t~- o — ointT^t^csisoeo-J- O rjC\jrjrj(N](NJCNlCSJC\)C\)O0CNJf\)CNJCNJCN)<NJCNl — — — — — — — OOOOOCTvO-<^C^oOCC<Or^I^t^^N£>vOiriiriv3->3-tO(\l — o

vT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —— — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

5_N

< I Q

scinoor-rosocoeot^irifMr-. — inr^c^CT*c^cOsoroCT'>in^roinr«»eoeor-^inc\]r~c\]inr^eor-->3-oio>d-c\jco — o <nj in in co

<— tos3-iri\D\osovi)sO\ONOiriiri>3-',)t\J — ocr>cor-inv3-c\i — o^ r-- in to — cr>i--vj-CMcr*ij3roor"~^0'j3(Mr^-toeoc\jinr^r^

C\lCN]C\]C\lCMC\]CSJC\!e\JCSlCSJC\)C\lC\lC\]C\)CJC\l- — — — — — — oooooc>aiosowcoioeors-NrN^»oiriifl<r^io(\j-o — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

m co m i-» in — in co <*> o co in — vDotomr^r^voincNJcova-oocNJinr^r^r^inroo^-d-eoo- oco^r^r-inoro- co <?- to to o r^c* — (Mros3-v3-c-<r>3->3-vj->j-fOK)CN] — ocr>cor^'^><3"to — otCvfl^NoeoiniooMinMcoin- i^ to a* ^ cmo uj co oo O — — COCOCOCOCOCOCOCJCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCM- — — — — — — — OOOOO£r.^0>ff>t00000NNSi0^iniTl<r'J-t0Wr- o

CO — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — oooooooooooooooooooo

CO

a>

r<3

irioc>fj(\io>j-(00'-'-o>sD(\lh.-->j-iri\o^Difiiooi^C\lvo^'-iO(Oc\)a>vo--ifiNeooOiD — <Mri(\)rsoN<ooo^) o m co cr< — cocototo>j-^<rtOforococ\) — oocor^sointocoocor--inro — oo^sj-- eo^ic\ia>iD(MWvrtMntMOiowKi m — — — COOOOOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO — — •— — «— •— •— — OOOOOO>^^O*e000CCNMNiOs0inintfv)-f0N- o —————————— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — oooooooooooooooooooo

r^v3-v3-o^ooo ,3-CT, Miriio<rc\)cT>iriCNtO\or^eooO'J5>a- — vo — >3-r~-o,>o'<eooioeocoLn'jDinioc?>cocMCjN>a-\otototocT>eo

O — — — — COCOCOCOrOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCM — — "" »~ •"" •""•"" •"" OOOOOeMM^CMOOOtOMNI^tOVDtalOinvMONi- O

II — — — — — — — — — — — — i— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

(M>t\CtOO(M*yDCOON\}p vOeOON'**OOOON'a'vOCOCiN>t>OOOON>3-vDMO(M'a-vOtOON>t\OCOO(M<r^COO ooooo — — — — — cococococotototototo^v^>^^^inininininsoosoyDNer^r--r-.r'--r~*eococoeoeoc7> c^c?>cr*a>o oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo—

33
^LriLniniriinsoso\ow5sosovOsOsC'^^sOLnu^inLnLriu^iri\rs^>j-s3--jro^roc\jcsjcsi.— — — oocseoeor»-r-.oiris3-c\i©

•©©©ooooooo

i/l

01

o

so

tr> it* o ro •— irisOsoKia>csj-j, sj-c\iCT>^ooo — »-c>soPvIsoct>oo^so>— irir~t^so(S)r^i>i>r^(MrOff>cM(sjr~Lri<foots)o

f~- — LTlI~-0>'0--(SJtOK)v3-v3->3--J-l<lf1CNJCSJ — © CO r~. sO vT CSJ — lT-vO-J-CSJ«T-sOK)Or^.rOOiri^r^rjsO — iTlOO — f^fOtMOO vruMfiinuivOsosOvflsOvososOsCvOsosOsOvovoiniriiriinifiinvrvTsr'jMMioioNNi- — — ©©cr-cr-oor^f^-soirisrcs)©

oooooooooo

o

I—

vtc

Kiv3-iTic^r^c\)ror<> — r-.^c-)K) — Ovj-oO — csjco — eototoo{M(\)oi~.rOsoo0^r^roeooor^c\jK)&>~-ointo — s- to >s- ooNi^r^^-— (\ito^-\?-iritninLriv3-\j-rororsj^-oeor^ii~ivrcsjocoiriK)or~.>j'«— oovr — r-»(S)oof)r^-<N)vet>r\j-rs3-PJoo

•oooooooooo

orjv^eor^pJiTiinroosrvDsoirirooo^sor^r^soroasMor^t^sr>fOooc\i>^^CNJWC\]sr^^iniri--to — o k> © ro sj- eo © ff>lOocoo^lr^^^ln^ooo^o^OlCWlfl^r^^c^l•-ow^lrl^^--c^^^r^lc^^ar<^t^\BNoo^3<^'3ffl P^^olOlfllnlo«)

•tf- tflfliniTls0OOs0s0^vO'fivDs0OiOs0s0s0iflsDs3l/liniAl.'liri<r\TO'\tlOIOI')(\INN'-'-OOl', ff>00«0S>0l^'S'f\IO

oooooooooo

rOsoir>^^orortc\)^^sor^o>To^r^os^ooiA»-irioot>s>oou^oKiiriirirotT-rOs3-too>3-fOeoc> t~.'— oO^i^irttsj

o<j-r-.oc\)N3-mvor^-r-.weooocoeoeor^\oiri'j-toc\) — j-MfiM^ it- r- vr •— coin — oo^ovo — vDo«3-ooc\jvj-soovrc> uiuiinososososO'Oso^cvo^vOvocso\osO\CsfiioininiAir)iri >r\r\r^(onrONNc\i^^oo^eooONifiiflc- No

O

+-> O

5-Q.

S-o

o

N

ooooooooo

tT-s3-oo<riAfjLTir-«otoCTs — csjMovo — s3-s£>soiricMeocNJLnr~.0'tf- — sooooi-^CML-iom — «?- ro eo <C in r«. — toovreo ooooooooo

o :j

iOCT<sj-'-^o>j- sOso<r<7s c\Jsj'fO — £0(\jsoi^eOsofOiT>foor~-r~-Lri'-oCT- — or>-Kiscr--iriocsjoto — ui^oujo- cm mcfO<j;wo — c\jrOsTsririirnnin<rvrtocM"-o^r^g3\tNOWoiooWifi — (OstooimnnsooM'JJcci^ossoc lnln^Olo^D^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^o^o^o^Do^oL^ml/^ln^T^T^T(o^^l>^^J(M--oot^ca^^Oln•3r^o

•oooooooo

oCM vi-©o^sDv3-t>c\jio^oocsJ-J'Lri>j- — t~- — \3-mvj-csjeOf<)or~-'j3vJ-ov3-vDsOLriosruriroocsj — vdsc — foc-r^^si-coo ^srNON\tinrNco^cftoooooc*c>(Oi^oifiioNowovj'NCi>soiooMOCMnosO'-in^tooiciO'-oi^o

iriscvDr^i^i^r^t^i^i^r».Moocoeoecr^t^t^i^r^r^r^i^r^o\oso^DiAiniriLnvrsrroK)K)csj(Sji— oocMooot^iOvrroo

oooooooo

roKiro>^oooOLncy<pjr\)<>srr^cor~vr©v^or~\or^oOPOc-^K>©ineocseOLnc>c\]'— oOKiLnKioiritoooioosJ-toeoto — vDOKiinM'>oc\jtonsr>3'st\rsT<i'Mr\i'- ©C7>f-.\0'j-cj©aoiri(\)t>oto<7>>x>c\jr--t"">ec''if~"— stf-r^oNCM"— r^«— sosor^i^t^r^i^ooeoooco«eooowooeoeooocooor^r^r^t^t^r^ovDvDiniou^<a-v3->j-roKic\icsi>— ^oo>ff>MNso\tMo

oooooooo

OCM

18

oMiriso^-CMootMs3-vj- — lArsrs^NNON'-CMnotMMioovso — - o>iricoi>ootor~.t^K5irics]Lriroo — mc\.'u~ieo O — IflOO — nsTs0^00C^O>^Cft^^c0M^v0\TI0(\JO00'i>\T'-O>u3tO^i3Nt0COiriOiril''MO0s--IOIONW'- ^o^^^o3^Ceo«fO^CW«O^CW^OeOM«Wcow»ooeo^^•^^Cl^os5lnlrlu'lvT<r^rlOl<^^l--oc^c^M^-•^o^J•too

oooooooo

coNrtinoo^O'-- N-MNoi^^iOsrMOsooNfvi- eorosor-.sorooooo«5Mirivro — nmitkcno-o- rsi t>mcr>CNJmi~.eoo — CNjfsitor<iroKi(\ird^-oo,-cOvDLnro — cr-vOsj- — go lti (Sj ec in — ocsir^csir^ — j-r-ofsi>j-s3-K)0>(Sj

© © © © © © ©

CM

CO

CD -Q

f0

^i/io<flMMCftN^M^NMno>a^^^oi£r-\riniA[\;MNvrsTioeoc\i-3, Nc^n 1t(\iso\Doo'£r^^^KiN(> inovtNONtoinso^r^MWMtONsosoi/iiTN — ^siniooeoinN^ir, c\j(C<r^inoL"iCKKii%oc\ici.'>tfi'j-oro

r^cCeoeocr>cT*CTsC7>c7sc>'C7<cr>c^er>e^c7*oc7*c7voscr>csooeCcoeOo3r^r^r^\o^

.- — .— ,— r- r-v- r- _ — — .-.— .— .— _ .— _ .— .— — — ,— .— ,-.— .— .— .— .— — — .- — r- — — — — — — .— .— .-OOOOOOO

>4--l'llflOOv0ff>OW>3, N!0v0t000-(\)-t0J, MOOMlAONK)rjCM0Ol/M')i0O^vDMO(0s05>NNJ-vtMO

csJeoc\Jineoo>— csj^-j-iriiriiriLnirivTvrKiCNjoCT^i^sOvr — or-»vr — eosr — t-~»oCT>>3-ov?-t>ror-^otOLn^eoeO'0 — vj- eOCOCft^^oOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC^C^^CftC^eOeOiOCONNSNO^iniAinsTtOKlCMN*- OC'CONsOlArOO

tN(NJCMCN](MC\]OJC\!C\lC\JC\]<M(NCSlC\J' OOOOOOO

N^Nirioosoc>ocftvriCsOsto\r\ovO\r^^MMS<3, ^(\)ioro(^vrsflso>*'^i-cvoo^M--iriK)(s--(\i^O'- inou^eo^MsTirish.«owcotoeOh-vDiAst)0-^^inioo!Oin('Jtoin-iNioMsTCNroeo-iri(coNrOsTrooiri>a i>ooo»— •—'-•—•—'-•— ^-•— •— r- — •—•—•—•—•— oooooo^ c^ eo«eor~-r^vosOir)iri>3--c-ioc\irsji— oo^ccr^^^o

r-rjfjcMc\jfNjcsJCJCM(Njcs)c\JCNj(\i(SJCJCN)cor^CNjrjCNjt\ic\)csjc\i. • o o o o o o

N*vOOOOC\)st>OtOONst^MONsTsCOOON\riOOOONvl, sO«OON'tOCOONstsOtOO<\l>3-Ci«00(\I\tiOe50 OOOOO — •-^^•-NNr\lNrsJr0KIMIOMsT*\r<rvTU11^ininiriv0s0%0vDs0I^NI^N^00MC0(000C'-ff>PiC-CT>O

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO"—

34
rO O On .— lTlOsO'-OC\JOm<\>C7*t-~vJ- — ^ifl-fNOOOvO^(MO<0*DrO^-CT>va>}''- CO ^ •— r—- OsJ 1— •— <r JJOOMlTlNflO

inc^sj-oin«— soCMr— toeo^roin — r.ioeo>J, o»cc\irMOO^in'- voCMoO^cr-Ln — t-^CMeG^^mo^O"— vo — so — in cr> cm

f> cm cm CM •— — ooc*c*cOcoccr-»r^ovCininin*d-^rOtocMCMCM — <— oocr>cj»a*oooot~-r-^^>o^3inin>a->d-romcM"— »—

cmcmcmcmcmcmcmcM' oooooooooooooooooooo

Ol3

o

e> vj- o in •— r».fio*>d-oocMoD-d-Ov£>CMeo^o^>CMco>3- Os£>CMcO>J- OvOCMG3roc*in — vOCM!--rooo>3-0'>\3-CTvK)r~.oro

CSJ CM CM CM CM CM <M i ooooooooooooooooooo

o

to

to

o

V)-

o

to

o©

o

CJ

vTirirvoioi^-CM'jJOvrtorJirioMvootor-OKOsaeio — to in r^. co o — — cm cm >— ooo>cioiDoioinir)v>-- iooco-j- o o cm » in — mc>- r^KioyDCMCTsincMoo-J"'— r^-tot^vocMeo^j-ot^toosin — Nnw j-ovd — r- n r^ m n co vo o c\j Nt cm- ooocAcnoveoMwr^Nvo%o>oinirintf'>r(OMto(\jrg(\i---oooo>cMoeO(Ot^N»Dvoinin*>3-to(Ot,j-o

CM CM CM CM CM CM • 000000000000000000

oocMmt^cM-a-f-ooo-— cmcmcmcmcm — oco^^CMC^ocsjeo^c^tor^.— >d-r^cr>oooCT*r~-o-0'-fOin\oincMvo>tf-\or^v3"

vo>3- — eosotoor-^mcMo^sDtnoi^vr — r~- >r — eovf — oo <f- — r^^ot^toa-incMoovrc^in.— iDNi^NrvNooMifnD

oooo*c>CACfteoeooo^t*»NS^)>D'^iriiriifi>i-v}'»ai<iiorO!\iNN--i-oooc>a>«eocot^r-->0'OWiri'j'-rio(\i'-o

ooooooooooooooooo

o

o

in 00 -M

CAM*inin*NO^I^^^C^I^'iO<\llfl\DIsc0t0e0Is-vfl>l, --MvJ'OinCT>(N)-3-O\DO\rNN--tONOinN»rN(000 ^fllnM-c^^lrlKloK)^rl^^otOlOlOo^^}••-«ln!^JC^^oK)o^Dl<^o^oPJC^lrl•-^lOC^L^c>o•-^o•-l^lC^lOo^N

c^cn^^MMco»W^t^Nr^\D^(OvOiriiriiritftf>jtoiototoN(Nl(\l----ooo^(7<<iO(ceOt^Nvo»oifi^^iO(\i^-o

oooooooooooooooo

o

oo

inNvoso*oiACAioinr^t^MtNiritoot^f\lr^Nu'i»0'-(NicooeOvoNS'-<rvDsoinroc^Nto--s r-o(0\D>ow

tO rO CM — O ^ 00 iD <T r'l — £7* r- in tO .— ^N^N^NJ'^ ^vOnOMIorstOOiONCOvfoirir- vO — mo\!-M>oo> oOW(OoOcCNr^iNN[NrNic^vDvoiD^u^inin^<f\3->j-toioiotoN(\iN'-'-'-oo^^cAocieor->N^)soin-j, toiO'-o

000000000000000

o

S-Q.

5-O<4-

s-N

eo

o

o

c*tofOO>ro>3-^to.— eo<reoCMmt~-oOC7»eCir^L"iCMoOx3-ocMirir^cr>c^eOvD\3-oLrie>oo — — CT>ineoeOy3CMs3-CMfOvj- — oo ^SNiO\O^^MNOCAN^>?NOMvO>f!\IONI/lNON*'-CCIl.'lN^vD(NlcOiri'-NNtOMeOrtOONOO> — NO

oooooooooooooo

niri-M(\jcOM^CAoCAWi/i^\o-*vo<oeotONin^s(\joov--c\l'-osK)NoN>-^ineO()0»oot\ltct-.irioco

cr> o — — •— ootftW«o*oi-'i'J'M>-oiO(0't(\)0(Oi£Kr'- o>oiOt- oomcMoom — eo-5"Otnr- so-— \o — m co — to to cm CNSt^CNrsrNvD'DovDvO'^sD\DointriLniriin^- >d'*3, >j, torotoiococjcOt-'-'-oooff'^cooor^rNvDiriiri«frO(Mo

OOOOOOOOOOOOO

oCMo

O

o — f^ f- CM vj- fO .— so •— >3- \D -J3 in <3" •— t-.CMsJDO.— CMCM — 0>iOCMN— IOinmv3-CMO<ri^C*C?s|~.fO\Q\DCM<^r~-fO.— h^ S3 f~ lft^|sMoOW(CS^vfllO^ION'-C«WvO*IO^^t^>rNONinC\l^iflMO>DtOCAlA^SK)WMCOW'J30tOJ-<f!\J »Cs0OvD^^\0^\D^^^0^\D\0irilfllAirnriU,l«f*J-\X^^tOt0K)C\)CJfJ(M«-«-OOO^^C000NS^)vDiri»3'rOC\IO

OOOOOOOOOOOOO

5-

II

NMf\IOirioONOlOff'IOlASNvO*'-»0'-L"irN(l3(>«)0*OiritO'-NfOON(vJOOOWSMvDlfl--L"\ino\D'-CA 1J- ONcwinininoin<rv*Mrj^oc^oo\0iriM^^r^inM^CAioM^oiANccifl ,-Nto<>inoir)ov3-oO(\]^\DinM

OOOOOOOOOOOOO

oCM

OflOO- CMIOtOIOtOtOrOCM — — OC^OOiOUIsJ-NoeOM.INOCOinNor-.-tOMOONriWNNNNOOlOiCM^'Jiriir)\DvoovD\D'^sDvD'^^isoosoirii^ifiioin[riin^ ,j"*5'»3*'j'i/itotororJCNjt\i- — ooc^c^cooor^r-^vDinNa-to cm o oooooooooooo

o

o

CM

t-» eo — sc^to* »— N(\)(Mnotoiflj>i/i* — kfip- inr^-r-*i~.mtocotoint--r--in — \oto<MOMiD*^ — o n in m vo * •— -3" r-. 00 O O •— — CM CM CM •— — — OCMaNOIfl(0(MC:I<)vO'INOMnC\IO>OMOvDNW*01/10*^MiOCOCv K)in ininininLToiDoosDsoooooininiriiriin^iOLO\t^»t>i- 'jioMioN<\)i\)N>-'-ooo^^oorNNou"i\3'torjo

OOOOOOOOOOO

o

CM* m

ca

<u S oo

\fiO^*d*eocArsKi[^ooCA^CslrNocsj(N)r-cftoM\0^r-»-oeO'tc^M'5' ,d'(MCA<j'^h.ifi'-rOi-^MA\Oft3^sDo c^toinr^oooo*— — cm cm »— •— — ooCfteoM/i^iOr- o co •£> *J" «— o^so^r- co m — w^TO^DCMNfOoo^r^O1 ©^ 1^

«Tininininin^so'ONO'Ovoo-j3sD'J3inLninintninLn<r<r«3-srv3-totototocMc, jcM»— »— ^ooiMMceoN^KiiriPiNo

•— — t— »-•- — .-.— .— .-.-.— «—«—.-.— .— r- — — r- — .— r-r- — ,- — .— .— ,— .— .— ,-.— »-.— .— — — OOOOOOOOOOO

»-00OSh0LfiirtfO^toi/iiri^, '-N — ^^o^mfiCA\toQO'-»-CA>D»-irif^N^iMi— oo^^ir)K>iss^-j, sj- «-oo<> OO'-'J'^WCf.O — — CM CM CM CM CM — — OCAM^^C'JIO — otOvOII'-C'-Ol'lONCOMOOOvJ-U.sreOM^CT'i- CvlOvO tfinwiriiniAo»o^^ooo\OkOsosoiriinwin^iriiniri'jo-^^iOMioioNN(\i'-'-oocft^cowt~>»o^oiri'}-rJo

OOOOOOOOOOO

CMvJ- sOOOOCM-a- OOOOCM>3-'^>eOOCM>tf- Ni)OOOC,J<3-sOeOOCMs3-sOCOOCMva-vDeOOCM»3-\DOOOCM<3-vOeOOCM^OeOO ooooo^*-r-r-p-(s)cs]wcjc\]K)r/>toioto»i*^^, ^^i^iriiniAio^^'0\DONNNr*'[^cooococococAa>o^a^oso

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO—

35
oc^o^r-^ysrooocM^rLnLnroomo-a-t^-eoCT-eorvvr*— soo-j-oi-^r--iJitoc7>sj-r~«c,,c^oOLfio — o^^oin^MON

o voco — NrocLiui^o^vflooi^ifuiOiM — o^MMTicNotD^cfJiMNO- — co m cm ec if, — vo — r- — inecocCO — — CNJ CJ CJ CNJ PJ C\) CJ C\J C\J CJ C\l CNJ C\I C\] C\! CNJ C\J C\) C\J — — — — — — -ooOO^^^^WtOeOM^N^vOinifl^Kirj- o

— — — — — — — — — — . — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

(/I o

+Jo

s_Q.o

Ifs^OCNj^^- O — vTLf<^tOOO- IfCOCT^OOOO^CNJCO CO sOcOCJ^C>OOLf- sOCT^ — — OsO- tO — r^ — — s£>v3"(\J\OtO

vO >— — CS)CnJCS)CNJCnJC\J0JCSJCN1CJC\JC\1C\JC\JC\)CNJC\IC\IC\)- "— "~ — — — — OOOOO0>CT'ff-00!CCCM^NiinOl/ll/l'>rKlN — O

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

pi io m n >r ci •- t-^ — j- li in to - r-» cm ^ c?» o — — cr>r^N3-cr-Kir^O'>ooc7*y3csjr«.oc\jc\iot-- — ionso — — icvtmom

o [ncDocjto^innovoooooinLTiccicipj — ^cosin^csjoo^rs-j-cjot^L^cv^^fOc^LT^- o cm f- — if co <"* c>

if, — — cm csj c\j cnj c\l cm csj cm cm ro cm cj cm cm cm cm cm cm cm ——————— ooooo!MMMO«)KNSN^cini/i\fcirj-o

— . ——————————. _ — . , _ __ _ — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

cm cm if, cv -d- <r — r--CMin>j3o*3-CMootor~.ocMCMCM — «) li o m » o - — oncioo- cm cm — t~^ cm to — t-^ooiftocMvoro o tntooN^>tinin>oovo^\00^in^^ciN--occNo>j-csj--^isL'i(\ior-.inN^oN^in^u5NS'-ineo^^

-r — — cmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcm — — — — — — ooooocr-CT>c^cowcor-^i~-r-^%osoLnui^rnco — o

— — — — — — — — — — — — ——————— —————— — _ _ —————OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

sJ->3-NO-N\0>tO<rN^<M~.'3-OL1»N*0-J-C10N(\l\CO>-NNOCOOtO-(MWOr^-(MOineO(Mn'fClrs —

o incoo!MO >3-ino'i)0'j2iOvDsDJ3in^-rcipj — otM^o<rrj — <M^inNOM"iro^vsNO>L,"i — \o — io — mco^^

to — •— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCsJCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — OOOOOt>-0>0-CCe0MMv.|Nj)Oinin<rr0N^O — — — — — — — — — _ — _ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — __ _ — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

oooocl(\looocl^3^^^o<Mnocl^r)^M^'0^0(^^roo — iociM'-h.roN^ooK!int>^ — rv-NMnfj^'^

o o o-, — rosj-if'i)s£>r^r-»r---r^r-y3voo:f.vr-tocM — o cjn r^ o vj- to — o r-- if. cm o r-» ^ cm c* m rj so in — \o cm r~. — uieooco

CM — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — ooooot7NC-,c->e3cccor^!-*r-".^oif.if,>3-rocM — o — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — . — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

ino^vD^w^^^(0^(>NCi^tON^o^ccofoa^tON9*'-(,0'-ff'h-C)oO'-ci*j, c\lONsrsnirioi/i{\iy?roc*«-*3-

in loo,- ci-j-insoNNr^NNM^voointf^rj-oo^N^^N — o>pM3-fooh.inpjc>soNCMnr-i~.Nr% — Lnr-c-eo — > cm cm cm c-g cm cm cm cm cm m cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm — — — — — — oooooc*oc>cocooot-^r>-i--\o-.oif.:f)>3-iocM- o

— — — — — — — — — — — — — . —————, — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

S>,t<f^OOinoCis0S^ 1I'^NClNO(\lClC)NONNS--ClJ-^OOvDOfJClOOOC'!>OO-^Mt0ClsC- o Nor\]tot^invDrsr^Nh*Nr^r>-o^inin^rro(\i^ocONLrivfCjocO'i)^"»-^^;ciot^fOC^L',ir-Nt\io»-c"Ncoco — — cmcmcmntj cmcmcmcmpjcmcm co cm runjrj cmcmcmcmcm — — — — — — ooooc>^c^c^cceor^r^r^sooLoif>~fOCM — o

— — — — — . — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — . — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

LimtCiO^ooomoj-voNvD^- & — ^\DNMnci^j-<o-cici(Movo-insoMnrjocM)Ointo^>j3!>'i-oc)^ (flOir-cKrovoNeOMMeooSMMNNioin'j-oN — ^(Oj3inov-o>r^crjo^oMOM^!Mn-ia^\i30*i^«ON — — cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm ro cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm — — — — — •— ooooooocr'cowr^r-.r--o'^3ininv3-roc\i — o — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

N

OO I Q

Lio^LTcicotcNci^Mc^Noinovt^NNocioinocitfintfN^Lor,- rj rj ^ un ff> — o ss ^ o » — i>- *s- cj< so Noio[noNto^a>ooooo^o5D[^oin^-orjoc^Ninc) — ^NixT'-o^ocj^crjcMnoin^'LiociosN — cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm to to to to to cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm — — — — — oooocT>^o>cococONNN^voinin*ON- o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

ccoci-ininci^c)vDNj)^'-ioor')\*in,j, Ni>in!jiciinvai^incic>cNoo^'j)Nios\ot\iovO'fcO'fPOMn

o^romr^oocr, oo^- — ^ — ^*^-oc^coi^^)incir'jo^Mno^^\Dc^{>sofJC^^)(Mco^OL/,iouicAC)OM^ — cm cm cm cm cm to to to to to to to to f-> to cm cm cm cm cm cm rj c-j — . ^r-ooootMr>tMOM«)MNi^vosoinc-'rdt\)-o

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

ro

03

CD la

f0

(MiTiooc^comociL'i^oo^ioro^vDin'f'-swo^'-- — CMn^-in^oo^o^tOvoin'-^ino^cir-N^

CM If, r~- O O — CM to f") to N1 to rO CM CM — O^CDNdCl- Os CO sO n?- — <Mn\- — ^OM^OWKJCOinouTCMOONN

cmcm cm CMtototoiotototototototOtotocMCM cm cm cm cmcm — — — — — ooooCTiocr-eoeoeor~r^r^o\oif*?-vJ-tocM — o

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

eocr- — r^-cr^'^.C'O'OcocT^coifi- so cr> — CMCMocOsj-crss^-r^cTsooecocMr-^ — toifsrCMcr>s3-eoCTscotor^i-.ift?sLf,tOcOso in«'-pjrOcWLnL^inLninin-fCitoc\!^oMNin«rNo^NCNorNinNo-s£Kio-vot\;eO'iroinoin(>rOsoNrv

CM CM tO to fO to to to CldOCltOrOOtOClClClCMPJCJtMCJCO — — — — — ooOP>{^0\c000C0NNNsD\flin^>J-C: N — o

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — . — — — — — — — — —— OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

^m^<r^o^NtowsflNocNMcirooNfjsoMvfj-ci(\!«>Ti?'N<rjp <r'-is!\!ininciecooN^ifi->3''-

ociini^aicncM^cr, cr-cscrseoeor-^soinsrto- o eo r-- m to — c-r— sJ-CMcr>r-~<r — eo in — oo«i"0\o — r--. cm so o -3- r~ co cO C)ClC)C)Kir0ClC1t0t0MMMClnM«CllOtOMNNNNN^'-^"OOOO^C>(>c0S0Kr^SOOL'lin>l-ClP0i-O

ooooooooooooooooo

CNjvrsoeooCNj-jocooCNj^owoCNj-ysDeoocsj^oooofjv^socooCNJvTocooN^oeoocNj^socooro-j-ooco ooooo — ^^ — — NroroNNtoiotocitoc'<rc-3'>TininL'iinLnoi£^osor^r^r^n-Necoo<ot060!''^a-t>^o

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO —

36
o

©

©

IT)

kO«-i-^f\jcoiri'-r^K)o^iric\)co^>— i~.v3-osotoc^>£iCMONincsjootn"— eo «3* — t~-stf-©r^-too<so(sjooin»-r^roc^in©inff>

cr<t^oooot~-r-»^.0'^)iriLnirivr>a->3-tototocMCM'-^ — ©©©t7*c>o^eooooor».r».r-.'i>oir>iriui^>3-.crfotoc\JC\ic\)>— © ©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

-O3

C

©

©O>3"

©s£)tsjoo<r^-r^v3-©r~-io©orocr>soro<7<sDio^'j3tooN^m^>so<s)c<'j3CSjo^iri(sjeoirt'— co*fot*-t')&*\f\'— o •— o ©

^eoect^t^t^vDO^iriiAin^>^torotoc\JCNJCs)'-»-^©©©aNC^OHooooeor~-r-»t^.sOvosoiriir)iri>3-^MiorocsjPO«— t— ©

•©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

O

©

© — soc\]©oor"-r~-voir>ir)x3-roto<Njc\] — — ©ff»oot-^soiriva"K)cs)©oo^O'tf"Pvlcr<sDcocT>iri — ^©»a-i-~cr>©©cr>sDff<oo©ro

(Njeoi-l<McOLncsjCT<oK)©r^-^ — eOi.ieMOiriCMey'soroot^.o- — r^o-^eoo-t— eo>3- — oo>3-»-r-.tooHvoc\]t~-e">eooeo»-

©oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

O

COc

0)

©

©©

vorocr>y3C\ia<ui.— i~-c\jr^cjr^csjvo>— in oo cm ui eo — **Mff"- cm cm cm cm — ©eo^>io©vo«-iritoa^<T>coiri© — so to o

o^t^>3-csj©t^mi<5oookrito©coir)to©i~.iri<Mcr.r-. >a-.— eotfi»o©i>.\r — eoiri>— eoifiCMooiAt— M*iP>m-- r-» cm *o © cm \osDsDsDM3iriininir)srxr\rsj-torotorocMCMCM>— »-•— •— ©©©©CNC>.oooooeor~«r-.t-.sosDsOLr>irisrsj- >j-r«OMeMCM'— ©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

r^csj^^^ros^u^iniriiris^ho^c^r^>^^^toCT<^ossreoc\Jirieo©(vj^srv^»*-fSJ©co ,a't^<3"Oi~.o<a-©si-roirieo^' ©o^.in-d-CM©oovosrcM©oovo»,Or-CT*r-»>j-CMcr.r--\rCMO>r-» srt— osvoto©r~sT'-eo>3->-r"»\r©soCMeOsrc7>sj-oO'- ro soiriinminmiriss-^r^co-iororotopjfMropNj — — f— •— ©©©©asa>osCT,.eooooor--r'-t*»so*o>oiriinsj-\rr«oiocMCM"— ©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

to ©

©

^i-0eoo©^[>»^ — r^rovo©tooeo©^ — •— ©o»ooiri(00^iri»-ific^roiAr^t,»r~-ovr'- i~»«— fONS-PO^^seCNi-— ^^ eoecr^t-.sDsrt'OCM — cr-oosoinKi.— crNco\D^CM©r~ir>ro — co so «a- — eooto©r».sr.-ooin — eosr©vo»-r~.CMf>.— toin

\3-sr\rsrsj-sr>a-s3-<f-i'OK)t<'>i«oror<->CMCMCMCMCMCM»->->— •— ©o©©o^«r>aso»ooeoeor-i»-r^o\o*oiriiri>a->a-totoc\) — ©

©©©©©©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©

ooc

o

o

©

o

00

©CM©vDOtOsi-\J-si-r'0 — e0tf"©U">Ot0r--0'' — C^J^O^OCSl©e0l',lCSIP^C^JsO©^J^3^^^S^Jff»l^l©^^If^J©^^ — »-\OfOC*»- roMtof\jfv^o^eOi^^vTtO(\i©eor^Ln^c\l©eosOvrc\j^r^incsj©i^uiroo^^to©oto©^o(SJoO'OCNNreocs)«3-«o

sj-sJ-srsj-srsrvrtotorofirorororocMCMCMCMCMCM"— .— .— .— ©©©o©ocriCT»ooeocQeor~sr~*t-~sOvoirimsrv»- tor<'>CM«-© ©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

o<+-

cm — soeor^K)or<*)iri>.eocor^'j3io©\o — so©KiLnr».eooowo^<— r».CMi~>©N«r>s-r<o©t^<— r>"> to — r-- © ct> ro eo — os sor^r-~r~-r~»r-.sovoi.'is3-tocM — ©c-ocsDintocMoeoso^rcMoeoosr — <r< so <r •— eoir>CMcr.incMeo»3"©Lr\.— Ln©tOsos©

tototorororororororotofororocMCMCMCMCMCMCM*- — •— p— — ©©©©c»c7>c>cseocooor-.r^r-sosQsoinirisrsj-tocM»— ©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

5-N

tO I o

o»-oo — CM©r».rooocMirisor-.r-.sosj-'-oOsrc7>tOso^>— cm to cm •— ooiti.— soorosrLf>srcMeotoiriir>CMoo»-er>CMsDOOfO © CM^sririLnmsj-.j-torocM — ©oeor-^sosrro.— ©oosoLTito — c?.r-.s3-CM©r^incMc»oto©sDtoosin.— so cm so — sr so r» © tOrOtOtOrOtOrOrOtOfOK>tOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMC\)<— — •— .— .-©©©©©CT<{r>C7N00e0e0C0r-.r--sOsOsOir>irisrsrtOCM — ©

in .....

— ,-___ ____________ _ ,__ _ .- — .-.-.— .-.-.— .— ,— ,-.— o©©0©©©©©0©©©©©©©©©©

©sos0CMLnsointo©so©srsocowwr^LriCMoO'oeocMir>r--.eoc'*oOsDsr©so.— sj-sor-»so<t-'— meor^iri©CM©CMmirieo © ^o^NNMNNNr-- ooeor-.soinsrto — ©scr^-mro — a> r-% m to — eosoto©r-.sj->— oOsr©socMootooocMirir-.t-"» © CMrotororototototorototocMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMrs).— .— .— .— »-©©o©©cr>cr>a>o»eocoeor-.r-^r>.sDsou-iinsrsrtocM — © «* _ — _.-.- _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — .-.— — .-.-.-.- — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

^CTsto(sjr^^fjfj^os^^ineo©<sJCM — ©r^^r©lOc^c^J^^^ooln^^ — t^c^J^oco©o^eo^^«', •-•-eo<^J^J••— N^csitsi © ^sDeo^^©o©©a^CT^cr>eo^i^soLn^K) — ©CT>i^irivrts]©eo^o<rfs)ONi^.<t- >— t^iritN)cr'iricsjoo('>CTN >a-os to^ooco © CMCMCMCMCMtOtOfOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — -•—•— — --©©©©ONCsC7<Ose0e0e0t^r».f^sOsOir>in.3-sriOtM — ©

to .-.- — ____________________________©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

to I r~- — oocosj-oo — cmcm — eOsrorotrif~.eoeor».irieMeotoco — tOsrsrto.— eosroo — cmcm — eotoir\sr.-irisototOtoc?*r"* © ©tovcrsDsor-.r-~cocoooeor~-r^sosOLns3-roc\i — oc>nc>j-io- cr*r^irito©eoinfO©t-»sj-©r».fO<7>Lr>©ifi©sj-r-»eooo © (MC\icsjc\JCMCMc\JC\ir\)tMCMCMCMC\j(MCMCMr\]CM n-cm — — •— — •- — o©©o©ONcn^^eooooor^r->soo'j3iriiri<j-io<si — ©

CM _ _ _ _ _ ________ ___ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ ©©©©©©©»©©©©©©©©©©©

ro

CO

sdcm-— inxrcMt^©tOs^s^cMeo^c^CMLnr^r^r«.ir>fO©so©srr^osc^^r^sr©inooers©ooin©CM>— e0"-toc<oor^ro© © eo»- tOsrLn\Dor~-r~r~.r-*f~sosouiir><rtorM — o o* oo o tlio - o* t-- in to --ossoto©eosj-'-oOsJ"©iri»-soos2-t-»CT»ers

ifl i-CMCJCMCMfslCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — _ _ _ _ .— ©©©©©C*O->C*C*000000r^f>.r,'»sOsOir|lf>>J-tOCM.— ©

— ___________ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ •—•—*-•- — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

t^s*-iri©CM©so~- \^ot^so^©so©srsot^oOf>-intocr»sreocMsrinsrfO©sO'-if>sor^tf"iCMr».CT>eOs^t'veOsrto_so»- © so^ — n\*inifno\ovo>fi'i)ioM3inin^to(M'- ©occsoiritocM©eosOvrcMC7sr~sT.— ooi'"iCMco<r©sO'— so ^- m eo ct* o*> © — "— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — <— •— — r-F.^oOOO^O»0>CvcCOOtCt^Nr>>OiOinintflON —

il ________________________________ oe, 000000000000000<;>0 o

CMsrsoeo©CMsrsooo©CMsl-soeoocMsrsooo©CMsrsoto©CMsj-sooo©CMsj-soo3©CMsrsoeo©CMsrsooo©CM>d-soeo© ©oo©© — — — »-•— CMCMrjcMCMtorotorotOsrsrsrsrsririiriu^iriirisososDOsor^t^.r^f^r-NeoeocococOsTsa^crisTsO''©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©_

37
CT»Cr>-- MOOSMNO'- — tT>r^(OC0 — -3-^OnjD1A>3- — |-^ tO 1-^ O — CM — OsDNvD0*O^s0(\l>0v0<feCOW<MWKlrtJ- o ocmltisocooooo — — — oooo^t^c-ONsoiri'jTO — ooCMTifO'- CT'-^osj--— cOocs3CAsDCsioo^"cr-inc^-j-r^o — o

CO — CMCMCJCMCMCMtOtOtOfOtOtOtOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — ~- — — OOOOe7sC^t>cOeOCOr^r-.s£>sOLniri.3->rtOCMO — t— — — — — .— ,— .— — — — — ,— — .— __ ,— — _ _ ,— __ __ ,_,_._._ _ — .— OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

in io o< vo o> o> mo co — to to cm cr> ^ •— mcoooooooCMeocMmver^.r^uiCMr^ — d-m\3- — r~-o — eocMtocMmoinLTiso O CMM^^t^CO^OO — — — •-OOOOWCOI^sO'J, 10C\JO^NlAtO'-<Msi3-(\IC>vJMy)0'J)IOa-<roinO^COO — o

\D — C\JCMCMCMCM(MfOtOtOfOtOfOtOfOtOCMCMC\JCMCMCMCMCMCM>— — — — — 0000<^0>OOOOeO|--I-^r'-.%0\Oir>>3->3-tOCMO — •— — «—•— — — — — ,— — »_._,_ _ ,__ ,_ _ ,_ ,_ ,_ _ ,_ _,__ _ ,__ _ ,_ .-.-OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

oo

00

(1) c

C in o

p00c

cuE•1

o

T3 <r

l3•lnt^^ooc^^^lo-J'^DO'JNM<!co•-lOlOlONC^lfl-lncooooeOlOO'^^^^^'^'t^^Jtoo^^•L1to^o-oo^

c>rsJs3- ^PO<>^0"-*-'-'-'-'-oo^a>cONOi/siioc, J'-a^h.\0'5"Cjcnr^L',iCJc>\otoosD(0(^LOoiriO'rcoo'-o

•-Nfj(\lwNr\lKiMntoioK)tO(Oioc'ON(\iNr\irjc\)fJt\i'--->-'---ooooo>^^cAcocONNr^ii)v£uo>3-»3-M(\io

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

\or~-r-cr-(Oto^-oO'Or«-c7<CT>eosO(SJcoc~Jirir~eoi^-'J3rocT-tnc,>c\j^-' C^CML^OCOC^OO — •——•—«—•—>— OOOCOt^sOlTlsJ-CSl — C^OOmD' •-CMCMCMCMCMtotoiotoiototototototocMCMfJCMCMCMCMCM — — —Ki — oo»3-t~-ooc^r--(Njir\incMor-.mr^fOr-.r~-r^ •NOM/ltMOMOOlNtOCMnoinO'TCOO-O — — OOOO^CM^MCONMsvO'JJin'fvriONO

oooooooooooooooo

00

4-> o — \oo-cOor>-<J-ot<oifiiris^cNjeo<J"e>o — tororo — CMnci-NcOONco^ioeo — -j-vj-K)oiricOco-d-r~coooooor~- OMinNCO^O- — NN!M!\H\l^-COt^t0r^\D*t0(MOC0ifl<ft\]Oe0 1."lf0OSC — MO(Mflonou1l>3--0

•— CMcMCMCMCMtototototoiototofOtOfOtocMCMCMCMCJCMCMCM — •— — — — oooooc^c^coooi-.r-r^vo-oiri-j-vs-torjo — — — — — — ,___ ._ ,_ ._ _ _ _____,_.— _ ,_ _ _,— __._____ .— — oooooooooooooooo

O

S-Q.o<4-

t^cM^mc^c^coino^in'jDinrjoo-a-eo — cmiocm — w^c^toinr^r^Lr>tocs^i^csa'*r*.-j-c'<cMCMo<rintoiriocMc>>j- o oop \DWOvo>-NMiotoiotO(ON!\i — — oc^conli^n — o>r-.irno — eooiooh.'j-'-tNsroo'-^ — inc> — — o

CM CMCMCMCMCMtOtOtOfOtOtOtOtOfOtOlOtOfOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — .— ,— — oooO^C^^OiOtOKMDOl/lvrtfMfJO

.— .-.- — .— .— .— ,- — .— .— .— .— .— .— .— , — . — — — .— — — .— ,— ,— ,— — — — — oooooooooooooooo

eo — •oiricT.ooomo>3-yDvDvi-fJcOtOso<?'OOC7^t~.«3-c7>v3-t^o — t— ot-^-a-otOvOOLTirOeO — — r^oot~-r^o~r--CM

in — Lrir~-cr>ocMCMrOs3->2--a--a--j-\3-tOfor\) — — o co [^ so !• to — ocooc- — c* \c £ — to ir> cm co m — vo;mn- ino — — o

•— fJ N W N lO IO i'l lO IO IO IO lO n M IO lO lO IO (O n M M N C\l CJ CJ CO - ^ ^ f- O O O O ^ ^ Cs M CO CO rs N 'i o ifl sr o- to tj o oooooooooooooooo

CM o

inLOcoineOeOoNr^^NKiN^oNsoNtOMroor^Mo^^N^WLOONsrto^rNO'-^vriniooONcoecio^ K>sOCOO^C\]tO^«JLO^iriins^>^^ntOCO'-OC>C001^tO--OCOvD10»-COsDtOONfOOsi>i-NfO|N^[rtCOO»-t7*

CMCMCMtotototOfOtototototorotototototototocMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — •— — ooooo>CM7-cOcONNOsDiA'J'srtOr-o

CO I Q ooooooooooooooo

ooc\Jooeoioiniri«3-oirieoocr*ooir\ — vo c> cm to cm — ooo-CNCMmmmtoomo-.— cMor-.CM-3--J-CMi.'ii-'itor--ir>soocMoo roocooCMto^ins£vov3r-~oo'jDsijiri>T<rtocM--c7scO'J3ir>to.— <M-%inrjCMs<r-- Nvi-ovoNr-.rjt^ — locoo — vT' CJC\jrjIOtOtOtOtOt0 10IOtOtOrOf0 10tOtOtOtOrOfO(N]NCNJC\ICsJCNjr-^^-^-oOOO^ONOCOCO^N\DsDiri<r^(0'-0

•ooooooooooooooo

N 1JNtO^^^^inONtor0OvO — ITl^O^l^r^in — OONKlfONOsnc7>(\ltON0001.^^NOON — O — fJcON

<roC' — io\j'voiNNcotT'Cr'^o»o>eoeOr^oiA',t(ON — (mc^osTNom/inoinc — mooo— ncmo— i/icooop

CMCMtOtoiifOtOtotoioiOfOfOtototorototototototocMCMCMCMCMCM—- — — — ooocM>ff*eoeoMNvfl«Diri'j-cio —

o

ooooooooooooooo

CNJ o c> >o \t %r o N - costcooocoin- ifiMooocOJ-OKrNOooMOeafjvr-tioooo- ovocr-eoincT'eoc^'— coo iOonttiMOtM»oo- — oooocoeoi^so-J-tor\)oeovoir)C\joeOir>rOor^<r — mooo-o-jiocnoock

CM tO to to to to to to «tf--d-<f-N3-«J- v3->i-lOtOtOtOtOtOfOtOtOCMCM CM CO CM — — .-.— oOOOMMTicOCONNiOvOLnvtClO —

o

ooooooooooooooo

Neoi-o^c^ocaLOotOvriooo^inNcoN'.otocoiosD^o^Mi/i^irieo^^t^^^NtorjNooNoosoro^N

ClOvOCOC"- •— CMtOtOtOtOtOCMCM — O-<^e0r^s£><!-tO — C^ C5 ^ P"i -- cr* vo to o 1^- <cf •— [^ <?- O O — r~-CMsO«— vTCOOOC?* (OMiotoro*^^ >r>Ttf^*'r\fsr\TtototoiorotO(OcjN(\iroN- — •- — ooo^ososcOMNNOoiricvTiO'-o

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

"3- CQ

<U

LOO\0\teorsstoiOL^Ln^^stcOof^^oNtocoNinsOoinNO\rr^oooNrocoo«-c^LO[soto^'?'iriorjv^

to ^coorjro^insDsoosoo^tn»^^torj'-^c0^intO'-^N[ric\!ONiCNCT»tnc\icO[n^ooj[^c\is^tOW

tOtO-J->J-sd-vJ--tf-v3-v3-vJ-v3->J-vJ-O->3-^-s3--d-'J-lOtOtOtOtOIOr0CMCMC0C\!.— •— — OOO^^cncCCCNNiOsOLrKrcn-O

__.— .-.-.— . — __,_.-__,_____,-,— ,— .— ,— .— .— .-.— .— .— .— _,-,-,— ooooooooooooooo

cMor^tOso<ro'3-\oiNvorocON'.tiDiDincjo><!-eo — rjiONoMMsDC> — — ct>no — invOvDtoeoc'*r^CM<!-ocy>oo — m

CM Ovr^C0C^O^^--»-'-»-OOC>00NOLnt0C\IO<?s NiniO'-C0\0IOOC0l^'~Win'-N10CNC-(7'«J-Cst0NC>^NO

v^-^^vr>rinininir)iriiniriLriiri-d->j-v3-<r^-Nj-s3--j-fOtotoi'-)K!fjCNiCMCNJ. ooooc7.eccot^-r~.%o%otri<rv3-tocjo

II .-.— .-.— ,-__ ,____._,— .— __,— __,— .— ._.— ._.— ,— __.— _, — — --.-.— oooooooooooooo

CM-*ooooCMvr^eOocMsJ-vOcOocM\^s£)COoCM-^v^eoo(\l-^soeOorjsr^DeOoCM^oeOoCM^^oooC^ o o o o o — — .— — .— NNc\iNNtoiotoioi'i*-rsrsfvrininLnwi/iiOsoovDvoi^NNNNoocoeoeococAC"'T>i7>tT.o

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo—

38
o

o

©

in

io^or-.r^t^eo^otM^oos^^-1-st— sd-oo(MiOCT<toooPJNOOiriCT»rop~CNJ^oo^t~.'—;i-r-.©c\l>d-vrin-cf-toas- oooo ©in — soooco-a-oi^rotTNLn — oo^oNtoo^<oc\Jwm — oo«T-MOoiDroCT>»oc\iiiOirt — Nvi-ovotMtOKroiri — ina> •oooooooooooooooooooooooo

c

\j- — — n in o> 10 s •- in o in t- so — t-^tocovJ-o^o — MOMfi- vorsir^toeotoeotot-^ — m co — to vr m m -a- — m so © vo

s3" O sO CM 00 sJ- — NtfOStOOv0tO(>iO(\lO\^)P0(Mn<Me0l'1(Me0in<-W>3- '- N^OMOOsONOOtfO^fMMMNO

o">tT>ooeor~»r--r~sO\osoinininvj-Nj-toioK>CMCMCM- — — ©©©ONOtT»eocooor~.r>.t--.vosDininmvrs3-v3-totocMCM — — o oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oo

(.0

</> <Dco

'I—inc

a;E

o

o

o

©

CM

— in — c* %o in to cm — otM>.^)inj-to(\i^- ©oor~-mvj-CM©eomto©ooin — i-*iooNNd-ofot^©cMtotocM©meoinvor-~

socMC*incMo^^to©r~to©i^>x- ooincMosincMo^sotoosoto©r^to©i^to©otoc^socMa»in- r^too^vrc^Nj-eo- eoeor^i^r^NOsoo^inininva-vx^tototocMCMCM — — — — ©o©^c^oooeoooi^r~'0\D\oininins3-%jrtotocMCM — — ©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

«3" — r~.vj-©w3CMoofoeoiooocsj>o©'<reo — sj- i-» on — toinsor-eoooeor-.f«*into — co<f©mo>to<i-in\r — r^ — © <r ct» to

to — eo no *3- — on \o 13- — onvont — o">voto — Min(\iosvi, '-eoin(Mf> <D'')ot-->3-oiN><ro'j3iocMn 1- s n oo fi r^ o to r«.r-~sO'j3vooininintnsrNrNrNrtotoiotoc\lC\]CMCM — — — ©©©ONONONCNooeooot-^r^.r-%osoinmin>d-\rtoiocMCM — ©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

in©tor^c* — cmcmcmcm — ©oovois- — conJ'oo- vo©>3-oo- vrsoooo>c>c^ONoO\otoavinoNto^NrcMONs3-soto^vO'J-

•a- to — a^r~-^D<rc\j©oovo<r'— oNr-~incM©oointo©oomcM©r>»»j- — 60incMON.sofo©\ofooNocMooNi-crin©tnoNCMN3- •ovosoinininmmino-srNrNriOfotototocMCMCMCM- — — — ©©©o*ONONooeoooeoi^r^sD\o\ommNrNrNrtocMc\j — < •©©©ooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

COro

4-> O

S-Q.

$.O

©

©

©

NOCMvor-.oor»-NrcMcofOcocM\oON — too-mininvS-CMor^Nr©^ — ineo — cm to to cm — «»t(j>NroKiovoo*o><r- r»- on cmcm — ©a*eor^vON3-io — ©oovomto — ONr~.infO — ON\Ov3-CMON|-.\r- ONoto©r—d-©t--ro©vDCMcotooatooocM'j-m

inininin>^vr^^^>^vrvxtotorototocNJCNic^CNJ(S) — — — — ©©©©^c^oNo^oowcoi^r^r^vo^DininNr^totocsj'—

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

no on r-- <r r-. © — — — © oo st — vo — mo^co^r'OvDr-.vomroot^toeocMvooo© — — oNr-iooocMfOCMONvj-r^^ooNincoi^

mi lino o ki in \f ro eg - CTNtcr~^mv3-c\!©CT>p^mto — ^MntoooaL'irioNin(MCMn(\)^L'>(MeocoiiooL"io>MLOio

\i-NTvj-Nr>j-v3-M-v3-Nr<rtotofOtototoiocMCMCMCMCM — — — — — ©©©©cr>aNCNoooooor--r~.r-~vONDininin>j-torocM — ©

©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©

©©

so

eoootoinNr — sootOLOvo^intoor^cMeocMincoo — cmcm — ONsotoootor^oN — — — on\o — insoin — incoinr-N© — in on© — — — — ©oc>cor^oin-j-io — ©or^intofo©cONO^ — c^i^vj-cmonsont — co<t- — co<roocMr^(sn^- inr^r-~ tOsrNrNr^Nr^NrtototoiotototototocMCMCMCMCMCM- — — — ©©©©ONONONONeoooccr--r^r^NOM>inin<fNrioc\i — ©

•©©©©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©

C\J O mr-^moNONeom — \o©tO\rm>d-to — ooin©in<T>CJinor~-r~so>J- — t-.tor«.©CMtoto — ootof-oor^tor^ONNor^ONeo© © sci-^ooeoeooooocor^.r^.^oinNriocM — ONcor^mtocM©eOND\rcMoeoinfo©ooin(\iONvocMONin- r~-toootococMinr^oo tototototototototototoroiototoiocMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — ©©©©c^o*a»oocooor--r^r~.vD\oinin>3--3-ri<M — © m —————————————— — — — — — — — — — — — — — ,___ ,_ _ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

O ocMtooNtovrto- ootf-ONCMNTO\ONOincMONin©ineo- CMtotocM©r^tooocoin^ovo^CMr^ — cm — r^© — oocoonsdso

i_ © CMvi-intnsONO^ONommNrNriocM — ©ONooom<fCMocr'r>*inio — c- ^o -a- — a>sonoN>j'OMOO'^oin<M'')io«)oo — © to to to to to to to to ro to to to to m to to cm cm cm cm cm cm cm — — — — — © © o © o^ on c- on eo eo oo r* r*» vo vo vo m ij- •$ to cm — ©

«s-

|| •- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — .— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

C\J o

to I Q

in m © on m on — •— ©o^mo-a-co© — — ©on^mooiosoon- cmcm — com — inooooc^r^c-dor^-in- >a- m © on oo »? —

© oo©CMCMtoto<rvj-o-tototocM — — ©ONoovoin-3-c\i — o,>r^NOv3-CM©r^into©r^.incMoomcMoONj-©NO — vo — >r r»- on on © cotOfOtofOtofOfOfotototototototocMcMcocMcocMco — — — — — — ©©©©ONONONeooooor^t^r~\Osoinin\3-tocM — ©

to — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

toco^cNeOva-oo — toto — ONin©<j-r~-oooNONoONOtooOtor^©CMCMCM — oo-^ONtoinointooNCMto- oonon.j-cmoncmvo © c^co^O'- — cm cm cm cm — — — ©o*oof^Nom<?*to- © ©3 r^ in to — on so vj- — ON\oto©r^-to©-^?CMi^cMr-'»cMNOco©ON © CMCMCMCMtOtOtOIOtOtOtOlOtOfOfO CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO — — — — — ©©©©cr>ONo»ONeocGeoi"~-r^NO\oinin'<rtoto-

o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

<3- GQ

0)

tooCT><3-sj-tMoocMinoo»3- — r^CMinooc*©oseoinCMr^CMinoooNCTsc<)socMoacM^in>i-CMeocMCM©ineor-- — ooinr^.© CMtnvoeoos©© — — — — — — o©c*oor^r^in-^tocM©ONr^into — ONr^incM©r^<d-- oo<!" — f^tocotoooto^ooN©©

CMCMCMCMCMtOfOfOrOtOlOtOIOtOtOCNlCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM —• — — — — OOOOO^^0^t00000NN(0\0ini0"TtOK)(MO

©©O©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

m v3- in — ro cm on ^ oo — — — on so — oc^cMtotocM — eo-ct"Osioinr~«oor^mcMr~.— -a- in -j- cm eo — no* ouicmti- cm to ©romt-~eooNo>©o — — — ©©©CT*oooor^som<>-cM — ONcONOvj-CM©ooNoro — oomcMcf>mcMoo<roNsj-oNior~© — ©

cMCMCMCMCMCNjcMtototototOfototorjcMCMCMCMC'jcMCMCM — — — — — — ©©©©ONosoNeocooor-r^NOommNj-vxtocMo — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

c\)<*\oeo©(Sj<*vooo©cs)^vow©oo\r^M©csj^vooo©CM-^ooo©(SJ>*s^oo©c\jNrvooo©fM>^oepo©cs)vrsDciO© ©©©©©—— — — — CMCMCMCMCMtotototorovi-N3-srN^N^inininininvONOsosOsoi^r**t^r-^r^oooocococoosONONONON© ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©—

39
coi^t^sD<r-j-'-oO'or^«T>roco>tf- — coin — tncoo^^eor--vor~oiri — wm^sm^d^'-nono o^eoirir- vDO-j-f-.-— mo^c-coroeorjr-CNJsDosreocNJvDOv3-cr.roooc\jr^c\jp-.toosO'0-CM — oo

eoeococor--t^omiri<rKimc\)csj»— •— ooooseor^r^.vosOLOss-va-tot^cjf'j'— •— ooooooo

l/j ooCDO

ooC

•ooooooooooooooooooooooo

•— cr»so<rcr<inr~-oir)iOsa-irieO'— -tf"i^cr>oeomo<M>3-'or~-otooO'^eo^>3-'— sor^csooio«—

o

soiriroo,>t<or-.©-d-f^- motoeocsjsoo-d-eorjiricTscMincorjmeocsj'O — vocjooiticocsj — ooo

c^c^c^eocor^r^^iriirisj-totocNjcs] — — ©«*cr>oOP~r-~soiriuri>cr>oroc>J<Ni- — ©©©oo©©©

ooooooooooooooooooooooo

>— eO^-3- — CM O C* (M © CT> — Kl >t * tO O li 0> i- ©COmCSJCO^O^O — CSJO^OOOcOCM — 1T| — oo v3-csjcr>s3-co — to\oo<rr-.c\]oo>3-eoc\)iricoc\jmr-.©roinco — sa-cocNJsorjcouirocsi — oooo

ooo^(y<«ocor^-y5sciriv3-v3-fOro{sj^-.— oo^oseor^r~»om>r>tf"tocsj(M'— •— ooooooooo

oo

4-> ooooooooooooooooooooooo

irisr^cr>toe7Ntovo — oo m c\] oo — c\j © \o —j, ir\»ors-c> fM\o>j, >?o^oDi,ii.O'j)voinooifl(Mooo

1T|n3- — sO — s3-C0 — ITlMCMsflOM^tP- >TvC00ONJ-|N0^C\)in«0NI^MMinK)(M — OOOOO ooocr-cr>eor--r^soininv3-toio<Mf— — ooseceor^.'j3Ln>j-'<rtocjcM- — oooooooooo

toco

s- +Ju

cu

'aj

s-o

4-

ooooooooooooooooooooooo

(S)C\jeorooocoror-oKiinr~-voiri — o oo © o r-- iri — oeoCT-mmf'Oi-.eoeOvo — ^lorsto- ooo MONWNOOIO^OKHOC^NinNCMM(Oiri|s(>OfJ>3-|vO>J-fCMO<vD'iM\l — OOOOOO oooooNeoeor-vDoui^rtorocM — ooc^oor-.sD'j3iri>j-toK5(sj — — ooooooooooo

ooooooooooooooooooooooo

oic^io — ocoi.ooiO'j, iooifito^c>vDN^«^t\lweoiri(OC>>^s<rMO>p-.c^^'(\ioooo —•oeomoiric^Mr^orooO'— K5inr~-o»-corOv3-or~c7scNjLOCT>vi-or^vrc\) — ooooooo

ooc^cAoeoi^-r^vovomvrfotooo — ot7sOHeor^-soiri>d-rot>or\j — •— — ooooooooooo

S-N

< I! o

ooooooooooooooooooooooo©

No^Nr-0'-N^M\ivrc\jfvC,ioo<rcooc>Mn\fltoo'j!>f^>-^eoioin^MO^oooo

e> — ocmoni^- iotMOvo5>- MiriNcooo- c\jK)inr-.ov3-eo>3"0«5<rcsjr— ooooooo

000>(MCCOCOt^N'J)lAiri'3-IOI01Nl.-OC>C^cCNvOiri'i-|OtO<M — r- — OOOOOOOOOOC>

oooooooooooooooooooooooo

— r^eor--cr-t~-sDoor~. — — r-.oO'J_ u*i — v3-irii-ocT<rocr-oeC>5'Ooeo<SJ(NJl~. — vtf-top^ro — ©ooo rs^ioiO'-oo*c^ 13-<MO'£CMMiTsoNco^ff>ooroio\o^<reo>ro»0'3'C\i»-ooooooo

pvOOeceoeor^i^vDvOLnLric-KitocN) — oo^cct^r^^iO^KjCMCSj — — — ooooooooooo

•oooooooooooooooooooooooo

LO

CO

CO

cmc^o^^ — ^so — cn)ct>—-eo — r~-r~roiftin<Nj'j3CT< <d->3-ro — r~-ocr<<r(Oe>o — ^fOvOPO — oooo cdr~»o — oMo^j«i,iiooNvfioseoo>e*o>0'- io ^5 o* oo <r o vo if w - ooooooo

r^t^eoeoeci^r-^so«3iniri>j-vj-toc\j — ocr>eor^sDsciiri<a-foro<\j — — — ooooooooooo

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — oooooooooooooooooooooooo

inoinoifloifioinomoirioinoLioirioinomoi/ioinoinoiflomoinoinoiflo

c\jinr^orjtnt^oc\jLnt^or^inr^ocNJint^oc\jinr^oc\iirir^ocsjirir~.ocNJirii~-oc\iirip-»o ©ooo — — — — r\jCN)c\jCNlK)Kitoto>j-v3-<rvj-iriLriiriiriv£)'j»'0 ,<ir-.i-^t^-t^ooooeooOC7>CT>cr>cr>c> ©©©©O0000000©©©0©©0000©00©00000©©0©©©©©0—

40
V)

co

E

t/i

o

S- +Jo

s-o

< I Q

U3CQ

OJ

<— >d- vfi eo »3" >J" p*> •— •— (\irtvoo>ioiNr-ino>rjvf\fiONNff"- if>©r~.u")LnocOv©cs>j5eOLr>so — o O 0>T— NtOfOlOWOOOMWlaofOlflOvO — sD — ^) — sO(Mr--MeO'J"OvDOJC>sO>3-f\Jf-000

• ininif)\ttfioMNNr-i-ooa>CT>a<«ctots[s\osoininvf»j-nio(\jcMM — — ooooooo© ©

•— •-•—»-•—•—•— — •—•—•— — •— »-©oooooooooooo©oooooooooooooo

insrco — ^iric\ic^eooo^N>rr^©ro<rinu^vrc\]eoio — eoifi^irii^rotor^soooiri^^CNj©© © \oincsjo»v3-CT>>j-oO'OooK>w> ,J

- ff, iri©in©iri©iriCT»«3- CT>toootOoot'i^u,

i — eo^-d"CM — ©©©© Lnmiri«d-va-totocMCM.— •— ©©tJ<o»a>oooor>.i-^voiriin-3-*d-roroc\JCS)>— — «— ©©©©©©©©© t^ •—*-•—«—«—«—•—•—•—•—•—•—•—©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

roeoo<^CJc»iri — ©©pjvrt^^-- cm — ©t^vj-^ror^-— iri — cr>eo — eo©r^>— •— vomooto--©© © r^.incsieo>9'ooMoO'Oootooo?oeo»3- o, ^3"0> ',oeocM^«— •^>©mcr<>d-©iric\]eON£><a-c\] — ©©©©©

mtfliri^^rorocsJCNjT- — ©©CT»CT<e0e0(^»t~.\Ovoiriiri-d->3-roCN)CN)CS) — •— ©©©©©©©©©© IT) •—<—•—«— — •—•—•— »-*-t— t— .— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©

eo©CNjvo^t~.r^i~-cocoos ocOvoroCTNtor~.©c\jirir^©>a"©eooo«— ec©t-~c^c^>i->rf-r>»io.— ©oo © to cm ct» in •— vo — %o — o •— \o — so — in © si- os to r» •— >o©incT'.vr©incMeoinK'>CM*- ©©©o©©

inin>yvysriororjCM — — ©©t><7»cocot~-sooinLnsTNrt''>cMCMCM'— •— ©©©©©©©©©©o to — — «—•—«—•—•——<—»-•—«—•—©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

© cm in •— <=>irii~~r— r-»:— ir»<r«— (OvreocMini^o'*c»©CMvJ-©eo©r--eO"tf-sOsri-^vDOs?-CMf— ©©© © •— C-vOrOOsNtf-C'srOsrCT^srC^tOcOCMt^'-inC^tOCOCMsD — in — vO CM O* s£> nT CM •— ©©©©©©© in-;r>j-v3-fOMcsjtNj — <— ©©o\ocooor^-r~soiriiD>s-»3-torocsJco«— •— ©©©©©©©©©©©© CM •-•—•— — >— — — «—«—•—«— •-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

<>CMin©eo©eo^eo© — — ©f^ro^rosoeoeooor*-r--©sor^cMto©.— os.— cs©inCM>— ©©©© © ff> cr» r-» in •— oOf>o-3-©in©inos«3-eO''Or-.>— m o^ to r~- cm %o — r^ to © r^. sr ro •— •— ©©©©©©©

roroiotoiocMCM-— >— «— ©©47<oOeOr~.r-'»sosoinN3-\rtoroCMCM'— •— — ©©©©©©o©©©©©

•-•—«— — — —•-•— — •-.— t— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

CM©t-^iocM\j"CMmsov3-cr<to<j-ro©\o©K)NrNrtocM\i-eor--'-cj>CM — insj-eor-.c*tncM — ©©©©

m r^eor^Osr — cOvr©sOt— r^CMr^CM\o»~inONroi->..— ino*sr©inc\je^sc>vrcM>— ©o©©©©©© cm cm cm cm cm cm — — — ©©osONeooot--r-^soinin<*>crrocMCMCM — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©

— — «—•—•-•-»-«-»- — t— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

\^inro©o»©insoiOvo^tor^coin — int^eoeo^«sc*sor^rovrc^csvrsreor-'»©incM.— ©©©© CM \oeo^> t>t,--sDto©f^roerim©in©me7sror"^«— inCT<rocotoCT>in«~oosOv3- c\i — — ©©©©©©© •— »- •— «— •— •—•—•— ©©o>c*a«ooeor~-\Dsomin'<rtorocMCM>— """ "~ ©©©©©©©©©©o©© ©

•—•—»-•—•—•—•— t— .— .— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

CMeo©CMino<oo — ©oeoo.— to©voo<c\jroro»- •-«»-•— v3-<— CMeooo^v^^eocincM"— ©©©© •— CNJ-a-voomro — o^vocsjoo>cr©io©^eoior^.— iricr>toeo to cr<iri — ooovj-rj — •— ©©©©©©© «— — .— .— ,-.— .— ©©©eM>t7»eoeot-*vo%oinm>d-toiocMCM<— •— «— ©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©

II •-•—•—.— »—•—«—•—.— i— ©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© o m©m©m©in©in©in©in©m©m©m©m©in©in©in©m©in©in©in©in©in©

o CMinr*«©CMinr^©CMinr^©CMinr-*©CMinr--.©cMinr~«©CMinr-'>©CMinr-»©CMinr-.©c\jinr^© M ©©©©— «— •— — CMCMCMCMtoiorotOsr\r>3"si-ininininovDsosor-.r^r^.t"--eooococ<)<>o,s c's C7*© N

N ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©«©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©—

41
00

O

•r—COc

0)E

COC

o

s- +Ju

O)

'aj

j-o

4-

s-N

OCM

1^

CO

a>r~-rooooOLOeOoiriror-cMvrooPOr^ — >3-lOv3->— Lnoror^-Nd-c\Jf<">>o©soti.— e~.— cm CM oo c\) to ©

o <rrooiriW'-to>oco->i'SO(Or-.osj-i^otovDoooioiri!C»-\j-r->^vroo(MtfNMinM — oo

torOKicsj'--— oa>ooeor^ ,j30iriv3-vrtocMcsj'-oc^crseor~-osoiriv3->3-roc\jcM"— •— ooooo©

o

•- egcsicsifsjcsjcsjcsj — •-•—•—•-•—•-•—'-•-•—•-- — ©ooooooooooooooooooo

^[o^hoirir^^^r-in^c^r^r^u^^.— vc©©eo^c*rot^cMeoi^c>soccocMcocMiriiriCM<}-'—

©

O •JiJ>-Off, '-(Oini^0»f0>J-SOr0^^'->J-\OSO»O(\)IOirnD00OIO'OOinOh.vt(\i'-OOO

>d">a-<rtocs]Csj>— oos ooeor~>osoiri<a-torocM.— o«y<a>oor-voiri<a-s3-ro(NJCsj'-.— ooooooo r^ CMCSJCSJCMCNJCJCSJCSJ-— — — — — •-«-•—•—•—•— — — ooooooooooooooooooo©

CT>iooeoo'd-<3"r»-<ro'— eoir\(sjsoo«— CT>o^oo^r^LTicsj»->— irifot^covooirii^-eo^vocsioo

o in*o(0\or^wo>i-ro»ocO'->3'»oo^^-(M<Mnr^Neo^O'-(MfOifis — ifi'-Nvrco — oooo in in m vi- ro cm — ©©c-cor»-f~oin>tf-v3-tocM — ©o»oor-~t-.\om>a-rocMCM — •— ©©©©©©©© in cmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcm — — —«—•— — •-•-•—-- — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

inoN\flio*ofOff'to«)i>oeC'fiN'3- (McoN>t-3, vj-io(OirioscMn^<MMM-ij-inio«5Nooo

o oo<inCT>N'3-soiNcrv — romr-s^o — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMto^xsoeO"— m © r»- *3- cm •— ooooo

sotnin-j-vcrioCNJ — oo<7>oor~-\DOiri<rrocNj — oooor^soir)v3-rorjc\i»- — ooooooooo to NN(M<MNN<M(M(MN'->-»-'--'-'-'-'-'-'-0000000000000 © © © © © © ©

m<o>d-'^ir--.©eo<d-ff>v3-eo — cm — r-* — ro to — (--cmc-..— eoo«d-s£>r-.in>3-'tf-fOCM — t--eo*a->— ©©© © vt — r~r->j-r~co©"— tOv3-'j3r-.aoeooo'>»oeoeoi'--r-»vD'or^eo©ior->.CMoomfo.— ©©©©©© «oscinin>i-tocMCM'--©c^cor~-OLn>3-fOCM<— ©c^oor^^om^totocM'- — ©©©©©©©©©© CM CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — r- t- r- — — ,-.— ,- _ ©©©©©©©©o©© ©.© ©©»©©©©©

©r--o — tooCMCM©>3-ins3-©->rm>3-»- >J3 co r-* \3- — ON — c^ino^or^sJ-CMeocM-— in cm — © © © © (r>r-->3-©>3-i^©tsj>a-irisor-.coeoeoeoeoi^-vDLns3-PO — — © — foincr>(oa>'^>rocs)'— ©©©©©©

mminin>tf-torocM>— ©o»>eor^voin>d-fOCM»-©CT>oor*-soin>3-tocM — »-©©©©©©©©©©©

cmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcM"— »-•—•—•—•— — »->—•— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

oooomsocMc^eototoeoosceOso© — cs tom>3->tf-cj'>©©CT*r^»o>3-CMCT»'j>tocr>CT>v3-CM©©©©

in ooooOvotMt-^© to •oooc^©'— —•—•— ©oot-.into.— a^c^c*^.— vi-eotocomto — ©©©©©o© >3->tf- 'j->d-vj-fOrocM—-©er<cf*eor'~-'^>in>3-(M'— ©o^eo^Jinvj-toto cm — — ©©©©©©©©©©© ©

CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM-— •- — — •— — --«— — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

inintocMC7*e0srCM>3-©«— m v3- o •— ©•jsr^-sa — \j-tooi- sj->ocr>©cr>m©mcMr~-cJ>^»— ©©©© CM «3" © tO tO © sD — LOOO"— f><3-iniT|iri-d- C\]©00^)'O©Ov e000CTs — m 00 tO C> LT| fO — ©©©©©©©

rOv3-\3->a->a-h0tocNj>— •— ©oscot--oiri>3-fo«— ©cr.eO'^ui'^rtotocsj — •— ©©©©©©©©©©© © • CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM.— •—«-— — •--«-•-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

»ocsj©eoc\ivovor^CM--v3-©©»-'^>r<0'jD\o(S3'vt-sa-r^coc^tor>->— to to eo ~- in cm r» oo ^ — ©©©© «— ff»r~*<— — ©o>— inc^cMO-or^-r^^Jinto — o^otoooor-^cocj-vCMinc^fOc^into — ©©©©©©©

CMto>d-'j->3-totocM~ •— ©cr>cor~-sOLTiv3-to — ©cr»eovoinva-toioc\).— —©©©©©©©©©©© ©

II CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM'-'-'-"— •— — •-«—•— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© e

h- in©in©in©m©in©in©m©in©in©in©in©m©in©in©in©m©in©m©m©m© e> CMint^ocMinr^©cMmr^©CMinr^©c\jinr-»©cMmr^©CMmr^©CMLnr~-©CMint~.©CMini-^©

s-i ©©©©.— .— .— .— cMCMCMCMtototOfOvj-vx>*>^LnininLnsos©^\or~-i~-r-«r~»tooooooo^a*o,^o»©

N. • N ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©CO©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©-—

42
00

00

00E

00

00c

O

s_

4-> U

<D

'cu

s-o<4-

N

oCO

CO

CO

ai

o to«-ootoeoc\jirio*ror-- — m cr^ >cf eo cm r^ •— in o^ co r». <— in <r» ro r»» •— vooifi'-ioNcowoNooo

• o*a>ooooNNvcininj''3, (ON(\j'-'-oo^oo(ci^soinirn3, tfioioNCM-'-©oooooo ©.- .-«-.-.-»-.— .— .-»- — .— •—«-.-«-.— .-.— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

© eo eo v*- er>f~ — soro^»-CMK>>3-irivoifi>cr(S)eo(Mirieo©tor-.(\i©©in^reo^t>. — coeoeOM©© © into©%o©<d-co«-ifier*tor^ — iriONior-."— ineo<\Jineocs]incoc\Jso©>3-w<^©r--into — ©©©© • c^CT»o»eoeOis~vOvom>d-*J- toioc\)'— «— ©©o»oocor^soy3irisa-vj-ioio<sj«— •— •— ©ooooo©© r- ,-«—.- ^- »- «— r-r~w-r-r-^-.-r-m- — •-.-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

io in jt> •— to eo — «3- — ^e*a»©©c»i'^tf-o»tOLfisoir!v3-<rtoirioo>d- ir>©c\].— eoc\)ioo»©sr»-©© © r>» m — !*..— ^ eo — in oo CM v© ~- meoc\j%oa»rosoa*CMineO'— \rs>- tn©in — r-»mr«*> — .— ©©©©

o\osCT>eoeOr^N^vfiiri'>3-'d-toro<sj.— «— ©c>CT»eor~-iv-\oininv3"fOroc\JC\l«— •— ©©©©©©©©© in .-.- — .-.-.-.— ,-.-.— .— .— .-.— .— .-•—©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

©oo^ff>r~oOso<r»-ff<vOfooocNj>j-iriiriro©r-.ro©r^o<off>«rf5v£5 — io©vo©^-oOCT<^(M©©© © in(MONva-c>Kor-^"— meocosocy'ro^DC^c\jirieo©tO'^co>— vt- r-. — in © in — mtiio^oooooo

cr>oeooor~r^vooiriN3->i-ropocsj>— ©©a>eo<Ot»-voiriin<rtoK)f\)(S)^«— ©©©©©©©©©© (O

.— .-«—»-»-»-»-.-.-»-.— .-»-.-.-»-.— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

r-eo & <— e* c\) »- <r> in «— oopoin^ys^cjoOioeocsJooinincoootMioovj-vom — — ^o c\] .- © © © © CM CT» o CM vi> •— incOCMoer>rOoa*CMinoO — ro so 00 •— to >^> C> CM O •— so CM 00 in rO CM •— ©©©©©©

a>ooooeor^r->sj3iriLnvS-rotocsj.— •— ©osCT>eor~sOsoiriv3-t<OfOC\jc\)«— •— ©©©©©©©©©©© CSJ r-,— — ,— ,-,___,_,_,_ ._._,_ •-•-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

oo»>ooiriva-sccMLrnoirics]r^ — rova-^tsi^va-eoocMLncMCMey-"— — eoc\jro©«3-<rr--K> — ©©©© © ONeOsO(oa<^-CTN(or^ — u~ioocjonoo>— •*• o o^ •- >j- <o oo - ^i-»<sjr^c\)er>wi»3T\j«— ©©©©©©©

r^r^.r^f*»^)soinin>d->d-tocMCM.— ©©cr>oor~f-^oin-d-<riocMCM-— »-©©©©©©©©©©©©

.-«-.-.— .-.— *-.— »-»-.-.-.-.-.— .-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

©©sOCT^CMseva-vOin.— tOCMC*CMtOCMC*v3-©0©©©lO.— \J-CMOO©C*moOt~-CMfOvOtO>— ©©©©

m %or>.vo>i-c\Jw>3'CT<»3-cT>tor~.©sj-r^©csiirir».©{\)v3-vo<T>CMs£)©so — wiTitoco*-©©©©©©©

voo%i>^>voinin<r>3-rotocMCM>— ©©ooot^f-NOin-d-MrocMCM"— •— ©©©©o©©©©©©© ©

.— .— .— .— ^- .— .— .— ._._.— .— •-.— »-»-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

io©CMW>«a-©eoo»vor-.irioo>^> — cs)c*ine^^— — a>a>c\j — ^oooioeoeoirioocOfOior«.K) — ©o©© CM v9-i^.eor-»\ov3-©vocMr~CMvo©vj-r-*cr<CM»j-i"^cr>©cMineO'— inoin^-eomfOCM — ©©©©©©©

ininmmininm^va-torocMCM — ©o^o-'oor^vovoinvS-rococMCM.— •-©©©©©©©©©©©© © »-•-•—»-•—•-•-•-•-•- — •-•-«-•—©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

r^^o>cMCMro^t*c*tocMh-*t--.CMCMO*«d-r-.o,»eosoinccooinr^in©'>cT*\eCT»c»<f-'>d-t'^to»-©©©©

•- w*to>d-inv3-CMer>in»-r^CM\o©>3-r^o>CMvi-'^>oo©CM'd-r-.— in©m>— eomiocM — ©©©©©©© »3-ininininin-d-^>tf-totocMCM'— ©<7sasoot--vfisoin>3-rorocMCM — •— ©©©©©©©©©©©© ©

II .-,-,— ,— .— ,— .— .— ,— _ .-.-,— .— .— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© O

in©in©in©m©in©Ln©in©in©in©in©m©in©in©in©in©in©in©m©m©in©

© CMinr-~©CMint-*©CMint->.©CMinr^©CMinr~.©CMmr~.©CMinr-»©CMinr^©CMinr~.©CMini^© W ©©©©•— .— .— .— cs)CJCOCMioiotOK)'<r\d->*-'>3-iriiriif)br(NOsooor~>r^i^rN.eoooooeOt'% o^c^os©

\

N ©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©—

43
©

o

>3-©e«oo-iriiri.— ©inr~-.s£>^>— oo ui — tsN*oooff, o*Nsoi/iLioo» >j-ovO'S-(0<> — cr< sa- va- © cm ©

M^coiniotoo^- vo *— so — iri©in^»3-eocs)soo-d-eoCNJo©<rc>>3-eO'^ooto©so«3-CN)-— ©© ^ino^ovosoiriu^^vyroKicMCM-— ©©c^a*cOoOP--osOLniri^rorocM cm •—•—•— ©©©©©©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

l/>

1/1 CD ©

c r- o

r—

l/l c

CDE ©

p— n ITl

coir>oocs r~-vS-©»3-^roeoC\]o©^CT<ror^. — vyeo — *NOiOiflc>i'irN — vjo cm eo iri to cm — ©©o vor~.r--r*-r--r^-r-» ,J3iriiri>3-^torocsj>— •— ©©o^eoeot^vO\oiri\3-KirocMc\) — •— ©©©©oooo

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

r-r~t^«— \or-.ff'^er.cy'o»- — — ©oOvi'^tsJCM — r>-csj%o — voKitor~oCdvoCT>cr>oo(S)'— iti — ©© in en © a* ir, ovs-eofJvo — in^ror~o>3-t-~ — s3-r^e^cov3-r-cr>rOLrieo«N)t^c\]ooiritocNj — ©©©©

eoeoo>eoooeor-^3soinirivr-totoc\j ro — ©ooseot^t~.«3insj-vj-focsiro — •— ©oo©o©©©©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

^^^©©co^W^vS- "— hoo<— ©r^.-— «riniriinroK)v3-t>.cj--^rOLriv£>\oov3-c^©«3-r-©©©

o>CT>cM>CT'«)MNOvDi/i'j'*(0(\iN-oe>o^wrN>j3iniri>3-i'iro(\i-i-oooooooooo

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

00co

s-

+-> o

CD

s-o

4-

©

CM

r~.r^.oo.— r^r-Meo — fMCM©o©Kisj-rOp-r^rMr»-CMC?>eocM — r». cr< © cc m — <r to o cm — ©©©

^v3-csjCT-i/ic^K)t-»©v3-t~.©(omoo©CMsi-\or^^©CNjfOirico — <reo>cro>sovi-(\i — ©©©©©©

©©©o^c^oooot^r^-^3irimv3-Ki rj cm — ©cr-eor^-r~.oiri>3-roKicN) — — ©©©©©©©©©©©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

•— o cm cm •— — v3-roeo — ©r-»CMLrii^.ovJ-cr-fOv3->i-v3->3-eot~^ — (Oho — cmti to a> ^) ec >r - ©©©©

ioc\i^-eo-3-Ohor--©v3-r>-orjvj-oeo© — M^ifivD[~»w©t^so©in©r-.sTC\) — ©©©©©©©

©©©ocr-ooeot^t~.OLTiv3-v3-K)CS) — >— ©cr<eor--'^5U">>3->3-rocMCM — •— ©©©©©©©©©©©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

i-N ©

CM©

— CM^wcowc^v3-iniop-.r^vrr^r~vr«©c^i>-CMweocM<3-CMeccMvrMCT>tovovrt^ro._ ©©©©

CM>x^CMC^ir>©Lr>CT*rosocr<cM<rooocs --"— CMtoto^oeo-— <rc>>a-©sov3-CM"— ©©©©©o©

cr>ONC^aNooeoeor-»sooin^v3-tocM'— ©©oeor^ ,^)in«3"'Of/iCM — •— — ©©©©©©©©©©©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

eo^m<i-omK)LncMir>N3-eowcM — ^>t-^vo cm voeocNJcr^CMvS-incMLri^c^cM^fit-^ro.— ©©©©

©Lrir~.i~»LncMcofoeocMvDOfMinr~coc^© — — »-CMto>c!-r-.©s3-cy'\3-©<j3>3- CNj — ©©©©©©©

eoeooOeowoor-.r-»ovOLriv3-<a-K)CNi — ©©CT*eor-.\oir>«tf-r'irocM — — — ©©©©©o©©©©©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©«©©©©©©

CTl •

a ©

CO IIo

CD y- XI

re t— us

N

•— oor^CMt^ — CMr--r-.CMtoo©tnfOr--eoiA©CMfOOLncNJoo'^u^or~.iriC7>CMo-rooro — ©©©© so — vs-mro — r-.CMr».CMsccj>t'Oirir^.eocr>©.— t— — .— cM>3-o©>j-o^©o>d-CM — ©©©©©©©

r^eOeoeoeoooi^-t-^vCvDin^sj-toCM'— ©©CT»eot-~oiri>3-rorooj — •— »-©©©©©©©©©©©

©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

in©in©in©in©Ln©iri©iri©Lfi©in©iri©iri©iri©iri©Lri©iri©tn©in©iri©in©iri©

CMini^©cjiAr~©CMtni^©CMinr~©CMior~.©CMLrir».©CMior~-©CMirirv,©roinr~.©CML")r~.© ©©©© — •—•—•— CMC\jfMCMrototOK)>a-«a-sr^iritninin>j3sD^Dser^t^r-.t-~eoooeoeoooNO^c<©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©»©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©.—

44
V)

to

C

CDE

V)

O

S- +Ju

<D

s-o

N

CO

cu

eo — otT>r--p->socMroo(M — ooto^eoc^-— •-fSJ-^iAr^.ocsjLneo — o(moct>^oO'— eooor^ — o

o ro<7^incNjooo ,43^''-oO'vroLri — \o — vcc\jtN<\ir~.forNncoiico^OMnosoioo>N'«-(o^-ooo

vd-rorO(orocsic\ltMC\J — — — ooc^^eoeor^r>\DoiriLri«J-v*-rOKiCMCOCsi — — oooooooo

o

•— »-»—»-•—•-•—•—»-•—'-•—•—»-»-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

eO>^c^csj>^Moirioo^o^r^^c^c^eor^irNiCN]^in(\]coiocsi'— CNJ'jsvS-r-.'jj"— •— irivS-rNfsJoo o iv.incMor~^«— r^ro^LTi — o — s£> — o — vo — sr>oiriov3-o^sa-(T>>d-<r^in>— co*o<ftNJ — oooo • •J->d-v5-v3-tOtOh')<NJ<SJ«— .— — OO^CT'COWNr^vDiOinirivriOMMN"- — — ooooooooo I*. • »-•-•-»-«— i— »- — •-•-»—•- — .— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

C»OffiOOIO*C, >- tONiOCO^O^Mfl'- n5O<rSO>S-(0J- (M ,3

, OONOOlfl'l'N»0<- o ©

O NO'OMO'J3(M<0<l-<MriOinO»OOlflOlO^'J-MNN-inOinO'ifM(OvO<l- N>-00000

ir>invr>r^rohOiNi<\l.— .-.— ©©cr>a>eocor^\Ds£>inu"iv3-vrtoi«">c\lc\)'— — oooooooooo

m

— — »-•— •-^-•— — •—•—•-•—•— r-000000000000000000000000000

inirisa-c-vS-tOKicMCM-— •— ©oc^c^cocor-^r^^Diriirtva-vS-rororMcv — >— ooooooooooo ro • •-•-«— — — .— .— — «—.— ~>— — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

© c\J o< so m (Mn •- vo cm r- c\) o •— so © »3- oo *"> h- — m ec to i-* »— ^o — of>cr>>£>v3-c\i.— ©ooooo© LTlstf-si-Ntf-tOtOrOCJCM*- — 00^(MONr~.*0'J3U1 >3->J-tOfONt\)r- — ©OOOOOOO©©©© C\J w- — (-*-,_*-— _ .-.— .— .-.— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

ioro*Ms- ©r^rjiris£iinKic«vrr>.© — •— ©eooirir^-csi — voo»-c\jO'>©co©ir>c\) — ©©©© © ro»-<^voto©sD — r--cs!r--(Mr-. — vo©incTNror^osd-cocsJi^-c\it^M©r^vrro — — ©o©©©©© • «a-\3-tOtOrOrOCNJ(S) — ^©©O^O^cOCOt^.vOOiTiLnv3-K)tor\JCS)'— •-»-©©©©©©©©©©©©

^-»-«— »-«-•-•-«—•—»-•-•— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

CT>iri©^ineo^t>^r^coinLn^i^K)^t^i^inro»---v^coLncs]iritosoLriooiv-<y, ^

,if>J»— ©©©©•

ITl ^•©©COsOtO©'^3CMeO>d"Ov3- Os rOOOCNJO©'<re>OCNJ*0©Lnc>\OCS]C7>vDv3-CM — ©©©©©©©©

CMtOrOCMCM(S!CM«— •— OO^^OOMNNiOOin'TtfrOrOrJN — r-OOOOOOOOOOOOO © •—•—»-•--•-•——•—«—•—•— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©

•-•-eomtOva-c^c^soCTNoo^r^vfiror--© — «— ff'MfivD'- por-t^ — ©iriv2-c»r^.©tf>c\)«— ©©©© CM o> — —. — ©eomrooNLn — r-.CMr-v cu -o — ifiCT^co\D©<rCT»v3-t>mcs]c^sovj-(s) — — ^©©©oo© — CMrjcsirj — —• — ©©©a^oeocor--r-.voiriiri^>3-rocMC\].— — — ©©©©©©©©©©©o© ©

•-•-•— — — — — — •-»-«—©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

ey>Msor^<y»s^csjinroeo^o©^t^C\i>d-ir>in^^<>r-r-.^iriiri©©iriincTveo©irito--©©©©

•— v3-r-^eoeois~'0>3-«— eo «d- © %o c\) r~- •— •^©•a-oo(Mo^>3-corotT>uric\]CA'^)>3-c\) — — ©©©©oo© •-r-r— .— .— »—.-.— ©©©a,.c*eocor^r'^s£>mir)'d-totoe\ic\).— •— — ©©©©©©©©©©©©© © • M »-•—«—«—•—•—•—•—«—•—•—©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© o

hiri©iin©in©iri©iri©iri©in©u*i©iri©iri©Lri©in©Lric>LPi©iri©Lri©u*i©iri©iri©iri© o CNiirir^©c\jirtr^©csjirir^©c\jLnr^©c\Jinr^©c\]ir>.i^©c\jinr^©CN]inr~o(\jLOr^©cs]ir>^© M ©©©©•-.— .— — csi(S)f\Jtsjr<oMMK)^-^vj-sTiriu'iiriinsD'OvOv£)r-»r^r^t~.ooooooeoo,>o<CTsCT^© s

N ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©—

45
00

to

<L>

GO

CD

to

1/1 co

s-

+-> u

OJ

"a!

s-o

qi-N

CM O

CO I i Q

CO

cu

vs-r^cNLncjto^si- — coin — r^roeo*or^©c\)roc\i©eoinror\]roincotocr<intoeoe<)inear--c,Jro©

o oith^mti'-'O — vooifio^tMooONrN — inoMO'iiovj'coNiooiri^^^cotNtftvj — oo

t^r^r~^r-.i^^o<rf>Lriin%a-s3-to(\jrsi«— •— oo^eooot~.r».^)iriinv3-v3-io(M(M — »-^oooooo ©— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ,- — — — ^-0000000000000000000000

invrm©r-.©>j-mininininvor"^ecc7-©c'»vo — to ro c\j — os eo eo — sfiuieoi"-* — d-^cro — >a--

©

© in c> © cr» in — ino^for~- — in c* ro r- — soo*ror-*©rosoo — vrr- — v3-eoc\)t-.tocT>sov3-C\i — ©©©

eoeoc^eoeooor^osoinin»d-(Otoc\]CN) — ©ocr<c7<eor--"0\oin^>d-tocsjc\i- — ©©©©©©©© r» — — — — — — — — — -.-_-,_._,__ ——©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

to — — ©csj(oeoc\ioo^oirivr>d-K) — scMiOS^N^r- o-t--- \o>a-r^>3-cr<c\jsj-># — >3-iOvocsj©© © 0^»-©r~-r0socN(oo©v3-00CNJ%ootor^©tO'j3CN^-s3-%De<D — (0^>c^tor»-K)ONsDsTC\)«— ©oo©

CTN©©c?>ooor~.r--»\0'«Din^>d-ioroc\> — — ©ocoeOr~»oininN3-tocj(M — — ©©©©©©o©© in — CMCNJ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©0©00©0©©©©©©©©

Ovoo^eo©^ — f-^toeoiotninroco- (\)C\j©r-.^ru — c\iinco>d-©c\)C\)©eM'-.- — mcM©©© © oi^ocsir^csiLTic^cvJoc^rosoCTsc^vrr^^—-tosrsooo©(NJ>*r*-©vj-cotoCT>in^(\)»-©©©©©

©©©©cr>cr>cor^i~»voininN3-toKi(\i- o©o>eot^ ,>o ,-oinvi-fotoc\i — —©©©©©©©©©© to

C\1C\J£\!<\J — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

© — soo«j3W>3-oo© — — e> o — to ^ «3- — r>- — >j-No»tN<r'-inkOinio(Mo^*MO — oo© © tocjotnovrco — ineo — to so c^ — to in t^ eo © — <\l^inr~.CT>c\linovrosO'tf-f\) — ©©©©©© — — ©©©oooeor^.\ooin>3-fOtoc\J — ©cr.aseor^.\oin*3-totoc\i — «— —©©©©©©©©©© CM

<M<\]C\)C\)C\) — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©»©©

cs]r^r^^©eo^ineoc*vo — vrin^ror^©- ©r-^\3-(\j«j-©es)co©i^toeiO© — r^<>>s-c\J©©©© © ©c*r>.v3-©>3-eoc\]LneO"— v3-y3eo©(\)toinvor^r-*coc7, ©r\j>d-i^.— in — Mftio-ooooooo — ©o©©cr.coeor^'-jO'j3in»3-totoc\i- ©ONeor^.voininsi-toc\Jc\i- — ©©©©©©©©©©©

CMCSJCMCMCSJ — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

CJ(Sjro\oififOC\Jirivj-© — OvS-^ — inr^-orooeo — i

-"-er>oo<roo©o>-r--(SJinr-.ineoto — ©©©© in on — ^-o^vocsjr-. — inCT>c\j\3-i^-CT> — <sjto«d-ininm\ovor~>c^roin©\s-©i~.s3-(\i — ©©©©©©©

e7s©©ocNCNcoect-.<£>-oin<3-r«'>toc\)«— © c* eo r^soinsrtotocsics)- <— ©©©©©©©©©©© ©

— <\)C\I — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

oeoo>o^oi^.<troo>o«3coirnoNio — socy>cT>i^.r^c\jini~»r^m© — MN^ia*MOr- ©©©© rj co cj vr <r to o.inovj-cr>c\>L.'-tco©e\)tONa-v3-v3->$->3-sj-msoeo — in©in©r^Nj-c\i — ©©©©©©©

eocr>cr>a<ct<coo0ecr^-vo^in<f-v3-toc>j — ©oeor^om'O-iOfOCNJCM — — ©©©©©©©©©©© ©

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ©©©O©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

roiotocMnokOCT>r-.©eo<\i© — t^i^va-f^eoi^tocsj^- — «a- o in — too»(SjvS-in>^t~.K>- ©©©© — (ooncmoo — oO'J_ Os3-ct*c\}voon- c\]tOvj-v*-<r\3-v3-N3-N3-^eo- inoinor^^csj — ©©©o©©©

eococ^o^o>eoeor-^r--s£>\oinv3-»3-K)ro—-©ONect^vDin>crtoro<NJCN) — — ©©©©©©©©•©©© ©

II — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0©©©©0©©©©©©©©©©©©»©©©© o

in©mom©in©in©in©in©m©in©in©in©in©in©m©in©in©m©in©in©in© o rjinr^©cvjini^©c\jLni^©CNjint~-©c\jint~-©rjinr--.©CNiinr^c>(\jint~.©(\)inr^©CNjinr^© M ©©©©—— — — CMCMc\)f>otototoiov3- v3->d-Nj- ininmmvD^)s£>'j3i,~r~-r>.r^coooooooo»c7NC7«os© N

N ©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©—

46
10to

<1J eo

toc

to

+->

o

s-

+-> o

O)

'aj

s-o

o

CM

QQ

CD

I—

iriK)(\!Csj--eo^«)oeOLrioirieo — toinso^ot^-r^tv.r^r-.eoo>— »3- oo -a- •- © •— l^i^-Kirotoeoc-J© o csjCT^votoovorooin — t^foeoiooN>ft>>3-o>>j, o<\j-o>\3'0>i3-oino%ofOco<roi^inK) — ooo iri*3->3->3-<3"fOiocMCS)ro — — ©©c^o^ooeoi^r^>^>soioiriv3->d-»3-KitoCM<\i.— »— •— © © © © © © ©

o

r- .— .-•-<—.-.— r-.— .-t— .-.— .— .— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©

O sO(OOtN^-OiONMOOO(0<OtO^<fO>>}-OOMMNr~--vOOinOinoiO<MO>»C'J-(\)'-0000

iniriins3-\3-<rroK) cj csj — — ©©cr>o--oooor^r>.v£>'i>iriir>>3"sS-t«")r<ocM co — — ooooooooo h- •-«— — •— — — «-^- — ^- — •—•— ^ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

itwd to r-~ oo m — mcoo — •— — — — © co ir> — %o ct> — ro^-oova--— csjr^r^fOir)v3-oo%ooovr«— oo

o c> o ro cn m •— r^cMr-.Kieoi-oootoooMr^cMr-- — in © \r co cm vo — vo — voooovovrcj — o © © © ©

l^ll^lln^J^3^a•lO^ONCM•-^oo<^c^(OM^^^OlOln'ir^3•lOlO(^J^lr-r-oooooooooo

in •-.— — •—«-.-.— •-.— •-«—.- — •— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©

(O^SfO"-0\OONrO(M^vO'- in«! — NrO*tOtO>3-lflCOtOO — >J3 sO — (NJ — ITHf SMi-OOO

o eomcxjcom.— v£>{\)r-^c\ir-~»— so<— ino«;-ooc\i\o©»3-cocMso — so.— w3CMOvo<r(\) — oooooo iniriLn>3-tfvrioioc\i(M-'-ooo<«ocoM^'^oi^nr'i-toiONN--ooooooooooo

to • •-•— — •—•—•—•—.— •—•—.— •—•—•— ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

ocjroooos vo«— lOKicsjoirio^rr^-c*-— •— ©eor~-<j-toroir)»— — it^oi^iooon^^n^ooo O \D<T— r-.tOtMfl01TlO'3- 0<C-OOCMvO— inoNiflO-d-CONh-MNtOO^NO-J-N — ooooooo iniriLi<r <j-io(OrtNNr-oo^^WMN^voiniri-j, iO(0(M(\i--oooooooooc>oo

CSJ •— •— — <— .-«—.— .— .— r-.— r-.— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©

>}-vO(Moocoo>tMioeoifi'-*ooNioi«i^eO'3- '-eoeO'-o, N'-ifiifi'-N^»-ifiCM-oooo

o iciTKO^oo^oirioinoifiovi-oxorsr-inooNo^toooweOtfoMriM^-i-ooooooo

v3-s3-v3-va-totoroc\jc\) — — ©©<T»eoeot^r-.soininvrtorocMCM.- — »-©©©©©©©©©©©©

•—•-•— ^-«— ^-•— •—•— — •—•—•— oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

CM © so IO •— (M CO O <Mfl ^ O C> 1T| C> •- CM.— CT> %o •— N<f*C\J(M00^v0<M^OWOlflN'-OOOO

ITl -a-in^f) — 00>d- — vOCMP~-tOI^CMvD — inCT>CMsO©t<lr^"— sO>— vOCMONsO^fO — .— ©©©©©©©

rorotororocMC\jCM>— — ©©c^osooeor--.so>oinin>3-rotococM'— — ©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©

,— .-_.— ,_.___ ,_,_,_,_ o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

r^eovoio-— CMvoin©.— ^tOvrCMvocoec^in.— \oesj©>^CMinrovDv3-eosD©eo©incM.— ©©©© cm tomvovoinhoor^^oin — so — mc?>Kir~->— incocMso©m©\o(MC7H,^j>a-to.— — ©o©©©©© CMtMCMCMCMCSJCM — ^- — O©CT^CT»00r>-r--'JDvDiri^v3-tOK)CMCM — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©© © • — — •— •— *— w— •— .— .— .— .- .— ©©©©©©©>©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

iri»-<rvDeocMO'-tT<CMCMr->.CT<r>.rMv3-^to©o^sr>tri©a<v3-CMvDsa-eo^^os '-oto»-©©©©

»— o^c\jrotoc\i — co^C\)c?>in©tn©inc7'>t<)r^ — vi-oo.— in©<r©NOCMCN^o«3-fO.— r-©o©©©©©

•-cmcmcmcmcm.— — — ©©©c-<^eor^-r^%osom^vi-toKic\ic\j — — ©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©

II .— — ,— .— ,- .— .— .— ,— .— .— .— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© o

in©in©in©in©in©m©in©in©in©m©in©in©in©m©in©m©in©m©Ln©m©

© NifiixoNinsoNinsoNinrNO co inr^.©c\>Lnr^©c\iinr-.©CMint--©CMLnr--.©CMmr^© M ©©©©«— >— •— ^-cN]CMCJCsjhOtoK)t<o>a->a-»3-va-LriinLritnvosD^DsDt^r^t^t-^oooooooocr>o^CNCT>© x

N ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©»-

47
©

o

CM

toroiotorototoiototoiotototototototorototototoioroto ooooooooooooooooooooooooo© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

© to oo o> © — cMoor>»r"-inoO'-sooocMoo<t-in©osoin©rotocM

o«©©©»-.-.-.-CMineocMsooo©s3-so©~-osm©sooss3-in

t-CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMlOIOtOsS-sa-sJ-ininsi-si-sa-IOCMCM —

rotoioiotototOrOfOtotoroioiOfOtotOfOtOtOtoiototototorOsr ©©©©©©©©©©©©©»©©©©©©©©©©©©©© © i i i I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I i I I I I I I I I I © uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu • - 10 <a- so CM — © >3- cm esj «— ro <a- cm r» eo © in -r sr © so © os cm io os t— © so so so so r- eo o» © ^- cm to m i-» &> © cm # m o iri cm eo so •— cr> -j- © to CMCMCMCMCMCMCMIOtOtOtOIOlOIOCMCMCM — —-«-sO

o>

C\J

tOrotOtOtOtototOtOiOtorotOiOtotoiOfOtototOrOtOrOtoiOsrsrsrsr ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l l I

• os to t^ to oo cm so to oo © © r~» © o» r*» os oo o* J>- >d- © o m •— so r» © in o» os in to sr sj- in in so so r>- r^ cts © .— to to sr m so r>« t*> m cm o> r~- m ro © eo cm ss- •- CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM' 00 so vT to

tototototototototototototototoiotoioiotototoiOstf-s3-«a-s3-sj-srs3-s3-srs3-in ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

o I I i i I I I I I I I I I I I i I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I © UlUUUUUUUUUUUUUmJUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUliJUU • toosto©inosto©inincMCMo>srr-*tor~-oss3-osir>co«— osossor>-io©CM©ino>sjcm sosor^ooooooc7s©©^cMtotos3-<3-inininsj-oOs?- — ©CMsj-CMto^-tor-tOsD^r-»

CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — eOt-»soms3-tOCMCM'-«-sJ- c

=> ©

«* — s4-> E

33

s- -° ©

s- * £ o

tototoiototototoroiotototototototototototosrsfs^srsrsfs^^srsrsrsririiriin ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i I i i i i i i I I i i I I I I i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i i u.'juuumuuuuumimuuuuuumjuuujumijut]uaiijuuu

©r^toto«-oosrs3-to©CMsoiosoooos ^-sr©inr~»-astosj-cM"— tor^sros©iri>3-s3-r^ cMCMMsj-ininsor^.eo©'-CMtotototosrcMoooocMinso«-s3-cMini~-cMs7ssoio©in©to CMCM«MCMCMCMCMCMCMIOrOtOtOtOtOtOtOIOCM»-«— Osf>>sOinsa-tOCMCM>---^^sOsr»-

totoioiorororotototoMtotorototototototoios^sj-sj-stf-srsj-ss-srsj-sj-sj-inininininsoso ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I uuuuuuutmuuuiimuuuuuuuuuiiJii.iuuuuu[juumjuiuiJu

m»-ioin«-sor^r>» — in©eoso©^-cT>asoom — srsotoossri>.in©t^osc^toc7ssotoin©CMr^

inr^oo©CMtos^sooo©CMtosrininsa-toinsj-ascMCMinsor^incyscMr^sS'CM©inostoiotocM©

tototos^sfs3-sa-ss-s3-ininininininininsi-to.-^cr<r^insrtocMCM>-«- — ^-ooins3-cM'-r^s3-

N

<C 18 a

torotototocMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtotoiotototosrsrsrss-ss-sr^f-ss-srinininininininsososor^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I

• osifisj-ossocMinostorN.©s»-oo<'s r»-inoo©©ss-ininintocMr^©sosj-cMr-oosotoso»-to--socM©»— © IOr»«©s3-as©©© — ^-CMCMCMCMCM»-sO©Os©tO©00©Os»-CM.-sOro.— ror~.mtO.-sJ-©CMOsCM00

00 00 Os cr> cr> • ossotocM — .-oot^m'sTtocM*-'- — eososs-tocM.-«-r~focMm

CO

CMCMCMCMCMCMCMsNCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtotototototosrs^srss-srsrs^srininininininosososor^r^ ©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu *- eoss- to •— oototooor-.CMsr»— o»©©r>-r^r--to©iritooOsor~.CMCMO>CMr>-inootoosto©©ossot^sj-in r^t^ooos©©.— CMCMio«d-sd-sj-cM»— so<— osootor^to»-ino>r^sONi-r>.«3-»- m so cm o> r». .— m cm oo so sr «— — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM^-^intOCM»-^-'-00sOsJ-tOCM--»-.-00sOvi-CM.-'-r^inCM«-inCM

CO

a> CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMIOtOrOtOIOtOtOsrsrs^srsrsr^inininininsOOsOsOr^oOOOCOOs^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©— in i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i © uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu • r^r^©©soeosrtoirisreoss-srfor>.r^ — cMsj-f-osoooro — ©r^r^to© — mootooor>»r^oosrtoirir--sj-s3-o0sr © o»©^-sj-r^©tor^os©r»-os.-if)©<>r'- sosooo«-soto©CMin©moOsr«— ooosincM©oseoc^sj-r--f*totONrio

CMtotototOsrsrs^s^ins^totocMCM«-^sosrcMCM^--r-winsrcM^^»-r>-intocM«-ineocMr-sooosj-cM — os

CM©

©

IIe

t- >

V

s e

N S

en

CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOtOtOtOlOtOtOsrsfs^NrsrininininsOsor^r^OOW ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©•-•—«—«—— »-CMCM

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuurjj si-ososs3-inin©CMCMinmsj-sosrinsr©sros©osr^to—-insoinr>.©eoincMoor^sj-CM>— insrcsoinromioinr-srinto

i^ooo»^-cMs^r^»-toc^©s^tOso»-incMsrcMtotoooin^-sr©toi^»-inincMossosoos©tosr©sor^intocM'— ooin©sjmminsosososor>.t>.sososj-tocMCM — .- r^ in to cm — ~-«-oomro«— — i-»mto.— socMincMo»inio.-tooo<d-CM — in .— sr «—

rOIOrOtOIOIOrOlOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — •-«-•--•-•-•-©©©©©©©© — •-«— •- — — •-•-CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOtO ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©OO©©©©© I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I l+ + + + + + + -t- + + + + + + + + + + + -t- + + + -t--l- + UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUb3UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ©in©©©©©©©m©©©©©©©m©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©m©©©©©©©in

^^CMfOsrinsooo^^CMtOsrinsooo^^CMtOs^irisooOr-^cMtOsrinsooo^^CMtOsrinsoeO'-—-CMiOsj-insooo«-'-

48
©

o

o

CM

©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©o© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I f~<<r<d-CM©<d-©K)<rc\]ooc\jcTN©r~.»3-eocs)©o,'v3- — •— •— %o in»-(ot^toinr-<— c^csiiri^-xj-cooLricotoirivj- — r^Kir-.CM>jc\j<cririvot^t--r-oooo«— «-CNJCsJCMtotoio<a->3-v3-^rotocsifM'- ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©O©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I in cm v3- — — coiocNotMno — c^coo~>©i^c\j©roCT>iri©r^iria^

r-»<d-eoova-CM»-scco^©rOsoeo<*c\ivr<OCT-.©eoir->c\jCT<t-»(\]eo©

o>»-r-c\ito*inoh-c>' CMCMCMCMlOCMCMCM.-.-.-e^o

COE

o

enc

3

ss-o

©

©

©

CO

©

©

s3->d"*3"^>d- »cf>^>d-v3-'>3- -d

- rototOrorotOiorotOtoroi-orotOv3-vr>cl-»d-vtf- ©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I UUUUUUUUUUJUJUtLJUUUUULJuJUUJULJUtLlLJUUU

fOtooooo~"C7»iricr»oocou">©oo©ey>iOvx>iriCT>r~»s£>c^ooiri\ocM<r©r"~ toi-.oocMo«— CT*r^<d-oo — cMtoin^oeo©'— ©oooss-cm.— •— iriroosoo r-^C\JCM(OIO>3->3-Lnr--00 — — — — •— •- cm cm cm . o i^ in to CM

s3-vi- \j->j-sj-<r>J-vj-'d->d- <f-rorotorotorotoK)toro>3->j->a-\3-v3-vi-^rv3->*-s3-v3-Lniri ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I i i I i I i i i i i i i I i I i I i i I i I i i i i i I i i i i i uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

©©t-^iriooc^^oocMO^CMCMOMD>3-in<rooi^c^ — ©eoco^iric^rvif-..— *3-cmo —

©•j5©r^C,JsC©vDCMtO>d-r-CMrOvS-invOI^I^v3-CMcr'<rcO — ONIOvDCM«tOin>3-

ioto«f<a-UMrnovorNoo^ cr>eOvDoif>vj-rocMCM — — a-vT

<^^^^v3->d-^>d-iorororotO(OroroK)toioK)to>a-^vS-<rv3->*->3-<rv3->3-<3-ininLriin ©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i o»©s£>inroooi~-N3- r^vO'— roinincj'>rtoc^cNJ©©K}©ec>cr*cMCM'>osD.— •— r<^c\)^3-vo^r ©©^oo^r©Nor^©CM^^or^coc^©•— •— ©in.— lor^"— >d-v3-oO'— i-^itiio©cmo^©cm

sS-LTiU'ivOI'^OOeOO'-r-.-.--- --.-CMCMCMCMr-.-e0vOiri>3-tOCMCM — .- r- .- CO •<*- fO .— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©o©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I o^^t^^oocMiriocMiOv3-CM©ir)inroroin©<rcM-<r--cMoOv3-'J30^'-oocMr--r^-iriC'to©cr.r~.

CMI^-CT>©^-fO>3-\O00»->O'J3e0CT»©CMtO'— lOO^mB'- .— ©n3-|-.>3- — ©^m^CMr^r^lTlCM

-o

ir> o r-- • CMCMCMCM CM rOtOtOtOCM^— •— OOvClTl^tOCM.— ->—«— f--«ND^rO.— CT'.iritO

N

=?^

a

©

CM

CQ

a> .a

03 m

©

CM©

©

IIo

t~ >

1) s: s e N UX

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i tjuuijijuuuuuuuijiiiuijuuuiuijmjijuuijjumumjuuiiiuuuuuuu

o©©©tor^eoc^©tocM — ^-cOCT>i^r^sr>r^soroto»-c^vrro©toro<r©©voroiristf-©»3-'o — cr>© T-inoOFOr~-©toeo'Oc>ir)CMt^»-r')CM>^jeo>d"0N to©so\airiooo>c^>3-^-v3-OLri'^Jvovo>— r-. in © o in »-«—.— c\JCMrotoK)<<rir!inovDr--f.r~.<ov3-!0»-r-'— eO'>oir>t«ocM>— — •— e* r^ in ro cm .— «— p~ in ro •— -d- iotoioioiOMMtoroc\iN(\iNNN(\iioiOK)toioroM\r>f*tf>t^<f»tioi^inif)ifi^^^so\osi^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I utJuuuuuuiJuuuuuuumjjiimutJuuuiJiJUiiJUuuuLJiJuuuuujauu

r-.CMoom©inininN3->a-.3-oooo — coc*r^r>.*d-cr>incM©ins3-c7>cMvrin©r~.toc'*oc*in©intOsrforoin

a» %o •— «— ©r-.s3-sovD©«— (Mro\t(Or-inioMC\jvoK)r- <3-com^-CM'^>to©oo©r-^in'd-CMCM*d->d-*3-v3-in ^CMtO^lTllTl\OP^00>— •—•—»-•-•— «-<^lTltOCM<— •—•— eOsO^^CM"— •—•— I^OtOCM--0^vOv3-CM"— si-«—

tOtOIOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMOJCMCMCMCMCMCMIOMrOr0^tO(Ovr^vr<r^vr^inininininsOOO^O ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©•— I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I UUUUUUUUU!JUJU]IJ[jJUJ[J[JUUUUJLJUbJLJlJUUU:UJUJliJ!JUUUUlLlUyuUtUUJLlU]

vj-ioro — tor^©rotOt— cot^eoinr--CMvJ-iOvS->-©vDC<)to^-vDCOc^eovDcr--tn©c>r^--sor^ooi~-r^r^-©>3-cOvJ- ^DCMl^lo©^fo^t^^K)Ln^rCMO^^^©(>Cs^c<)»-vo^o©CMlOc^^r^^o©so<»^Or-©r^^^•^(OCMroto^o^r^o

lOlTivoeO — •- — •— >-CMCMCMCMCM»->- — in-d-CMCM.- — .-eOintOCM — .— .-t^infOCM — mrOCM — vO CO -d" CM «- CX» MtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMrOrOMtOtOrOtO^^vT^^Lnininino ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©•—«—•—«—•—«— cm cm

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i UUUUMUUUUUUUUUIJUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUlliJUUJUIilUUIJUlJUlilUUUUUUUU

r^CMCT>to<— o cm © o •— r~» •— to©©>3-©>d-cT»cT*r>-incM©mvomvo<^CM© — eor^^CM — tn^©\£>inrOL->riin!~»vJ-into

vo c» .- m co •— incMr-.^tor--©in«— mcMvS-cMCMioeom — ^©ror^©mincMO''OvD<y>©rov3-©\or^iniocsj»-ooin©>3-

r>.cy>^-«-^-CMCM(Oio<d-<3-K)tocMCM — •- r~ in ro cm «— — •— eo m >o »- «— r^-into.— socMincMc^Lnro.— [Ocov3- CM'— m«— >ct- •-

rOrOtOtO(OrO(OtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM»- — •— — •—— — '—©©©©©©©© — •-•-•—•—•- — •— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOhO ©©O©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l+ + + + + + + + + -t--t- + + + + -4- + + + + + + + + + + ©in©©©©©©©m©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in©o©©©©©in©©©©©©©in

•— •— cm ro >d- in so co *- •— CMrovj-ir>voeO'-»— cm to <r in so to •— »-CMtov*-insocc — — CMtOvrinsoco — •— CMtOvrin%oeo*- —

49
©

©

©

CM

lOflMIOtOIOtOIOIOrOrOrOIOIOIOfllOMIOIOMlOIOIOlOhO ©oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

in in © sj- so to >— oo r-- to oo — t^- in r»- «— soms7s>~tooOsoinofO

eocr>©©©©.— .— CMinr-»CMinoo©s3-so©.— ©so-— r--.©inso .-.-CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOfOtOsS-sJ-sS-inininsJ-sS-tOIOCM.-

MIOIOlOrOtOlOrOlOIOIOIOKllOKltOIOIOtOrOIOhlrOlOIOIOlO* ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© © I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I © tO sj- sO CM — CT< to O CO so CO © sO © — IT) in CM r-- •# Lf) © © CSJ © 1T> so © in in in m o r~. r»- © © •— to se t-~ ct> .— cm sj- m s3- cm cr> r~ to © in t— oo •CMCMCMCMCMCMCMIOtOtOtOtOtOCMCMCMCM-- — sO KllOlOrOlOIOI'llOtOOIOMtOMIOIOIOIOIOMIOlOtOlOMIOvf*^^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© © I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I © UUUUUUUUUIuUUIJUUUUUUtJUUUUUUliJUUJU

m •— .— •— .— cm cm cm to to ss- m so oo oo cr> © — cm cm •— © oo t->. in to © © ss- so to

CM CM CM CM CM CM . CJs so s3- tO

©©

CM en

sTs3-srsrsS-srsrsrs3-srtOtOtOtOtOtOtOtOMtOsJ-s3-s3-s3-sJ-srsJ-s3-s3-s3-sJ-s3-sJ-in ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CT>ini~.sO — sTsOsOtO©©mcrstOin<T'»-s3-©sOsI-COs7ss3-s3-eOCM©©0--tO»— sj- ©CMtoinr^eoo.— tor-.©©©-— •-•-CMCMCM©CMCMinr--.CMtor-.r».©s3-.-in — h» eocOcOcoeoeOcOCT'CTso. s7seor--sosoins3-toiocMCM — — s3-

to

s-

+-> COE

CD

i- -Q

5-O

^-

©

©

©

m

Srs3-srs3-s3-srs3-s3-s3-s3-s3-srs3-s3-s3-s3-l0sj-s3-s3-s3-s3-srs3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-inini^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I iiiUuJiJiJuuuuuuuuuiijuuumjuuuuumjuLJUJUuiauuu

oso©tocM©s3-o — ins>iri--so©©©s3-roincor^oocT< — •— r-.mcosor>-osocMtocM

inr^c7s^toinsoos^-Lncotosoi^eOs7s©sor^-socMs3-cr-s3-CMi-s.toc7ssOs3-CM©'— cmiocm

sososor-^r~r--r--t^ooeocOsT>s7sey>ossTs^cTseosoins3-toiotocMCM' oo m to —

s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-tOtOtOtOtOtOtOtOtOfOtOtOtOs3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-ininininininininsOsOsO ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I r^eoso©crscMs3-eo©o©s3-sor^t-^incMineocMsor^coincM«— tococMCMcr>t^s>©--soinc7s^

s3-t~-©inco©©©«— >-cmcmcmcmcmcmcm©«— ©ineOs3-©eointo©tocMto — CMeoeoineo©s>

00 CO 17s CTs CTs . oo m to cm cm cm — ^^^-oseor^somtocM^comcM

in iotototototototototototototototototOs3-srs3-sj-s3-sj-s3-ininininininininininsosososososot--

-

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© O © I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I ! I I I ! I I I I cm cm mjumjuuuuuuuumouuuumjijjLJiduuuuujuuuumJuuuuuuu ^ I 8 • ©COinintO^— r^sOhOtOCOOs3-sOCMtOtOCMIO--insOs3-©©CO©l's s3-s3-inCM©C7stOCMsOCMtO©ins7s Q © eoeOsTs©^cMCMtOs3-ininsor^r^r>-s3-©cMeo-— t-~«— coinfOsocOsoineotot~.tOsotoeo>— s3- cm oo © — —> .-.-.-CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — f^sS-CM CM '«- — f-s7st^.ins3-tOtOCMCM — •-COsOsJ-IO — — IO

CQ

CD .a

CO

©

©

in©

totototototototototototOfOtototototos3-s3-s3-sj-s3-s3-s3-ininininininininosososososot~.i>.r^eo ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i UlUUlJLJIJIJUUIJUlUUUUUUUigUUUUUUUUJUJIJbJUtJiLlLJtJUUJUUJUUmil

s3-eocMs3-toeo»-©ms3-CMinco©in»— s3-©o — cmo.— tototososs-© — totosor~.r-»sosocMoocM©©to

r~.oo©CMsj-inr^s7s©cMtotocM©ins3-s3-CMs3-to.— s3-«— soto-- o-sr-.socNs3-cos3-insy>CMco©s3-s3-.-r^so !Otos3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-inininininins3-tocM^r^s3-tocMCM^^c7>sos3-tocMCM^~c^

tototototototocMCMCMCMtototototototos3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-ininininininininsosososoi^t^r^t^eocr>sT>©^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©•—»- i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i UUtJUlJlJUUtJUUDJUIJUIJUUUUUuiUUUliJIJIJUIJtJUIijUlJlJlJUlJUUIiJUlilUU

soCMr~-oss3-s3-h-c7sinr~-©© — inos,-- ,— tooor>-tooss3-eoos oocoooinr^.eo©socMCT»s3-css3-inr^cocMC7s.— too>> sOCTsOr>somtOCT»o>— •— t- Os O ITl sT - tOtO©s3-Os©mOOs3"OOCMinCMs3-Cy>s3"©tO©Cr<o<— ©sOCMr^s3-sJ-f«.sO sososoi^oOsTsa.^-.— ^.— cot^inss-tocM — s>intotocM«— •— osr^s3-tocM»-«— »-sos3--->— r~s.incM«— •— e0s3-CM»-

CM©

©

II

CMCMCMCMCMCMCJCMCMCMCMC\JMfOtOtOIOtOrOs3-s3-s3-s3-s3-s3-inininininLnoOsor^r^MCOs^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©—•—•—•—«—•—•— CMCM

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I UUlUUUUUUUUUUUUUlUUUUUUUlJUUUUUUIJUUUIJUUUUUlJUlJUtJUtJUUUU

tor~-©s3-eotocr>©msos3-s3-r~.toincM — i-.©©eo©s7»tocM»-soso — oo — cmso© — minino^eo©s3-r»-CMinososs3-toin

totos3-s3-s3-inini^r^sos3-©t^©oos3-soin"— t^t^r^as — otncMCM©to©eoincMt^©insoincMc>ins3-s3-r^coins3-CM©

|-^sOs3-tOCM»-«— sO s3" IO CM CM •— CTs so tO CM • mtOt— s3"«— fO •— CMTlNsOr- f>- tO .--sTsCMsOCM

\ e N UN

tOtOtOtOtOtOIOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — •—©©©©©©©© — — — — — •—— — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOtO ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l+ + + + + + + -f + + -l- + + + -l- + + + + + + + + + + + UUUUUIJULJUlJUUUUUUUJUUUUUUllJUUUUbJLJIJUUUUUJUUUJUUUUUIiJUUIiJUJbJ ©m©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©m©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©m

•— «— CMtOs3-insooo-- •— CMrosj-insooO'- »- cm to s3- in so oo — «— cm to s3- m so oo •— •— CMtOsj-insoeo — «— cm to s»- m so oo •— —

50
o

o

©

cm

Sj-s3">3-<tf-srsrs3-srsrt0i0t0r0t0t0t0t0t0t0tor0(0i0t0r0t0 oooooooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I UUUUUUblUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIiJUUlil

toincMr».cs©cMootoiff<»a-i^LnsD«3-CMeOsocrscMcrssoinroineo srcoosi— r>..--rooor*»»-in©s3-r»-oinoo'OinsocMeosj-ootoin

CMrOsa-sOsot^r>-r-^cO'— •— CMCMCMiotorosrsrsfsS-torocMCM —

mLnsrsrsj-srsd-sj-sJ-srsi-toiOtOrorotOroiOrOtototoiotorOrOs}- ©ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

• vo*— i^t^socMt^©cr»cMs2"Ln©N CM©c7»^-^somcr»sotoosror'»sDso © 10 m cm os r-» so sj- © © r~ os cm sr 1^ o* «— si- r-* os © eo so <r © eo to © so soos.— .— cMrosj-sor-veoos.-.— .— .— cmcmcmcmiocmcmcmCsI"— •— «—

C7> rg ©

m

ininmsfsrsj-stf-srsrsrsj-si-sj-rotororototororototofotosj-srsj-sj-sj- ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i i i I i I i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i CMOscMs3-o»tor^CMinsoincMeor^rs^sTOss3-soinsrcM©ro© — to so in os «— oseocMinoscMO»ino>.-©sr© — to>d-r».eooor--somtocMsoosso.— ©

m so eo — — — cm CM to sj- so oo os

os r-. in >*• ro

01 inins^srs^srs^s^srsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsi-si-ss-sj-sj-srss-si-ss-srsrss-srinin ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

• CMf^r-vooOsrcomosrr^inr*- — cm © eo <r sr — »-r-*©OLnsJ-sDCMsi-CMo»©soeo

CO incM©tOsrsoi-.©CMcototo»-ooto»-soso©coos©inooioinos.— in •— r-- to sr sf

r- os

CMCMCMtosS-mmsor'-r^eoosooi^-r^soininsriotocMCM-— — os sr

s-

(-> V)E

cus- jo

s-o

©©

©

in

ins^sj-N^s^srs^srs*srs^s^srsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrs3-si-ss-sj-srininininin ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©>©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i I i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i UUUUUUJIjJUUililUUlJUUUUUUUUUmJIJUUUUUUUUUUU

CMeosrosr«-inoeos»- o>*oinsrr~-inso»-srooto.— socMinossooscMr-»©incr>toto©in

so>— toinr-»os.— roso«— so to eo «— s3-oocMsosj-s3-inoosroNsocMassotocM©tococMfs->—

CMeMCMrotOsi-sj-inininsososomsi-totocMCMCM. oo so <* cm •-

ststststsrstststststststst*stsr^stststst\t*stststsrifiiriiriifiifiifiiniriirisDsOso ©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ljuuuuujuuuuuiLmmjuuuiimuiijjmimuuuuuuuujuuumju

s^soro©os»— ossosj'sj'iooO'— foossor^r««©sDcooN ro©r^oO'— ©r~»sj-s3-»-eos}-ioinso«— k> cMmootovo©cMr^«— ootoossi-r-»osromcMCMCM«— incMeomcM.— ©sor^©©CM©cMCM»-cMin

.-.— .— cMCMtototosj-srininso\osofs.r--i-^s©sj-iocMCM'— .— .— t— o»f»»sovoinsrroc\j«— r^srcsi

N

Ocsj

stsT*stst*st\TsTtoMMMMtoioio*\tsr*sr*ststinifiininifiiriifiiriuiinsOs9sOsOsoss ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©»©©©©©

© i i I i i I i i i i I i I i i i i I i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i CM UJUUUlJliJUUlJUUlJUJUUlLlUUUUlJUUUUUULJUIiJUUUUUUUUUUlJlJ

• stiooor-ooinino^N- insOsroorooor-io©soo»eocM©oOsrosr^toos©tooor~-osoo©inos>ct-r-~

© r»- m — rocMC7»sot^in»-cMrOsfininintoeoososso©r~.si-cMr^ososasfoootoosio©©ossosos3-r^in

rjtosj-insosor^ooc^' •OSsOfOCMCM.— — .-eOsOsTtOtOCMCM — — •-t^sl-tOCM'— OOCM

VO

ststststKiioMrthiiorO!OK)iortioMiOststststsr*srinininioiriifiifiirisosOsOsOsososs(s.oo ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0>NTMin|s.M<>OS10s0l'lC\)SSON>-lflCfts0stlASC0s0(\Js0Mlfll0h.stT-t0C\IO(7<inrNlf|iris0

so cm m r-. •— tosj-r-»o>tomco©©osinos.— tocM©sj-©incMsoiniocMsoc\)sotoso«— sosj-socMCMsj-sr«-

sj- so t». as • •CMCMCMtOtOCMCM>-«-l~--s2-tOCMCM>- — CO so sj- to CM CM — »-e0sOtOCM«-.-l--sJ" — m

CO

cu -Q

<0

stMioioMMMiotoioMioioiOKiMMio*\r^vrstststifiininc^inifl^iftsDsosOosrs.isis,oo^O'©t- ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©.— .- m i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i O UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIJlJIJUUUIjJUUUUUlJlJUlJlJUUUUUUUlJmj • MTlsOstMsOlTnOOCOlfllOsOCOOO — 1C1 S N st 1*1 a> st M ^ - OCMsONstsOIOsOOlflsOsOlTlinCMri'- •— too © \ocMin©s^r^©in©eOs3-eoinoscM©-— *-CMtoo*©ine0sj-so©sr«— si-osto©©osoo©ososir>.— sosj-srr^so

oo«-«-(MCMCMtoros»-sa-inininss-sd-tocM.-ooinrorocM»-»-osr^ss-rocM'— «— .— soto — «-sd«3-cm.-«— eo s*- cm •-

CM©

©

II

Mh1MIOIOIOMIO(ONC\)IOK)(OMIOMMlOst**stststl^Wiri^lOlflsOsOsONSCOCO^^»OOCVIlOtfsO» — r-s- ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©.— .-.- — .-.— .-CMCM

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I UUaUldUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIJUUIJUUUUUIijauUUUlJlJlJIJUlUUlJlJU

t^ossof«»cMtoc7sro^Lntoaic^©cMCM'— t^©r^CMU^socjCM«— soinc^r^©CTsinos^-inininosoo©sri^CMinascT>srtoin

eotoeosoto^ossoc*©©so^i^t^^sou^^sor^ocr>^soincMCMONK)©r^Ln'-r^©insoincMsT>ir>s^ — CMtMtOs3-inint-soo«— «-oos©msrtocM«-«— sOsi-tocMCM^-cssoto.-.— .-into.— sj-«— to.-o<incMso.— r-s-to.— oscmsdcm

>'

4) T. ON

s e

N Us

D1

lOtOIOtOtOtOtOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM'-'-.— •— — — •-.-©©©©©©©© — — — «-•-.-.- — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOlO ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I l+ + + + + + + + -f + + + + + -t- + + + -«- + -h + + + + + WWwWUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIJUUULJIJUUUJlOUUlJIJIJlJUUUIilUIJUUUUlJIJUlJ ©in©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©ino©©©©©©m©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in

•— •-CMtOsj-msooO'-'- CMio<nnsoeo«— «— CMtOsj-insoeo«— — CMtosrinsoeo«— •— cm to s3- m so eo >— <— cm to <r in so eo — •—

51
o

o

©

o

Ol

C\J

a

in

CO

4->

S- +Jm

E

CDSS-o

o

o

CM

tn i

CQ

tu in r- o

.Q

rO o

MIOlOOKlrOl'llOMlOKKOl'll'ltOfKOIOClr'KOtOtOlOMrt oooooooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

inoio«ir->sM-T-fM^»3"ooincoJ)too — cm so — rorsjtr> —

orsiNfsJCNj(\Jc\ito-crr~-oineo>— •or~-ov3-inroeotooo«— mo

wcNJCMCMCMrjcMOJCMOOrototovs-^^ininminvj-^totocs)*-

tOtOtorotociioi'iioioiorototOKitociflroi'lioroMtoi'lioro^ oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I oooc^.— oocor--(NJr-csitor-.o^eo>3-oo — ininc\itOvooto<rto^5>d- M^tNeOOO^ONtOvJ-lflN^ — KllTll^M^MvtOMOOin — vD

«— .— .— .— .— — c\lCSJCNJ(MCsl<MCMroroK>K>rOrOrOrOrOCM(\JP\]'— "—vo

totorOrOtorororotorotororotorototOrorot<OKltotOrOtoto^.j->cr>3- oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I [lJUJUJUJUJUUJUJUJUljJUUJuJUJUUUlUUUUUUUUUUJyU

eotor^-<a_ osoocc<rr~-c^r--rsjrocom<crincs)vj-roc\iotooinv£> — oc>

insDvor~oococ^cr>o — c\Jvd-ot^ooe^o»- — cOnt>— o^so-j--— <j-r~.cOM

IMCSJlNJOJCNJvMCNiCNJrO-OMCJCNJlNI — ^--^-C7NsD>a-rO

'OMrOM(OfOfOK)Kll')IOI<1M ,OlO(OlOtOIOI'ltOIOM>+vrKt<rst<3- <l, vJ-st»)-lf oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

a>iOr-oioNrNinoro(\jinro(M'ioiriwt->r-- — NsoNsoiooc^inNioi') — to <>o<-(\JNt'itOs}-iriioscoCTi'>0'-'-'-(7>NrNtOr-<rj-ooiOiooiricoto<-

^c\iwcsjt\icMCsjcsjrjrJc>j<Njcs]rAjMrotOfoc\jro^^^cT-eot^>^vrMM»N^^in

MKi(Oto»0(0*OMrthOtOMM>oion'Oto^K)fOto>r^<ri3'tf>3->vr-3'>ir>J-<riniriiri ©OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I ! I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUtJUUUUUUUUUlLlUUUtLl

r^r>»m!^eO'>o-<rcOsT>oinv3-oOs£)oO'— toromfic*eo*7»»— •crroroeo^in-j-O'— eo eo to nm^O'- rorosj-meoc^ — cmcmcomk) — m to in — to <r m o •— •— oc\)i>infsj>>rinin

cs]CN)C\JtoiotOfOtotototo>d->d-<r\3-'<r>a->rtocsj — — or^^3in>j-toc\ic,0'— — t— r-. ,3- ._

rototototototototototorotorotototOfOiOfOfOro>d->3-stf->j-v3-<rv3->d->d-^v3-inininLnvoo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ^•Mosff'N'- inroininr~-cr»<rvDsi-oeoro^>eocoeooeosDvDoinoos3-roovrcoioofO

inr-.c?<»-roinf-.cT*«— <r\£>eoc^©©©CT*to^vJ- in — incsjo^ser*. — eo in cnj o — •— r~- in <r r~~ %s->r>j-ininininins£)soosoor^r~-r--^5in>3-cd.— ^CT»^-.ln^3-^^c^)(^J•— •— .— ^r~-in(N]^-oo>JrAJcsjCNicsjc\ic\)CNjCMCsjcM(N]CN]<N)CNjc\]C\JC\)rototoMtoto>d-vr>d-^ ©oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo© i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I rs(Mvo>-s — >3"o^tf^'^CMOtft^t^<r'a"irisoM^^)N"-ioino'-o(\)N<\liriminoj3iriM')r- ©,— — fsjcs)K)K)rov3-'srinin'j3sosDv3-ojr~.c>NDr^ro.— — r» »a- •— eo — r^'tf-oscr-.CNJoeocoocor- —

.— .-T-,— .— ,— ,- ._ _ _ _._,__- .— .-.-r^u-icsj — .— r-c*f-m-d-cs]c\j — — — eom^rcsj — — o>j-CMr~.

c\jCMCsjrjooc\)CMCMcs]<NJe\]esje\)rA]C\)c\]C\]fOtotofOtoroto>3-Nj-sr^vr^^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©ooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I mti ro in in o o ^- cr» .— in eo m r— sotooc\itointor~eoc\)CN]ininr~-sootoc\iinto©mvrmo©o©r-. •-CNjr^v^inor^eocooooo^^o^r^-oocNjr^va-'— >— c\it^>— roooin-— r~-ino^c\iNj- r~-ooi^'— or-- rMNCdC-OCNJCMCMCMCMtOtOtOiOCNJCMCS)'— r-.intOC\l«— •— •— e»vO<d-K)CM.->— •— eomrOCM — C^^(ONI~»N

CNJCN]c\j<s)CMC\jr\]ts](\jcs3rx)cs)rjcgcMC\](\)forofOrorotofoto.<r«j-.tf-^ ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo— I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I uidijjiJLJiJUUuuiJuiiJiJuiJUiJiJiJiJiJiJuuuuuJuiijaiijuiiJuuuuumJumiiuu

>3'vOOI^CONiri!MO»OWinsOOMI^NtOO^r-iritA>cr(OOI,INO(OM01flinO»0^'-0^0^)(MOini'>

r~- eo <^ cm r- — >a-c^ — tooN^CNCM\D00N3-in©r~.r-»»- r-»to©cMtoto.j-cOvj-©eO'X>oN <3"cO'— \o eo cr* .— r-. — ct<csj toioro-a-^mmmo'jsmNa-fOfOCM"— — eo o to cm cm — •— — r- in to cm «— •— »- r~ -a- cm — r»- in to .— eo •— into-— •— Nr0(SiNN(\)NNNf0NWN(N)NNMIOtOlO(0(0MMM^^vr*lTlirilfllflO^NNNC0M00^^^NM OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO — »- — •-•— fJCNJ CM I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu inMoirieOf\ivovoo^(0^o^oinrj>-Nirit>MWK)otONOK)NsO'-co^in-ffJNfsJioj30'-NooO"-o\Nio

o •— to>d->j3r-.©toeo-— oinincMtor~c^ininr-»CM©s*'c^>>a"'— intotO\j-c^CMCMino<rr'-»'j3CSJ'— c* »— c^.— oc?->tf-ocT*CMeo

li° r^t^r^r^^eoweo^cor^invj-tocM — — cr>so>rtocM — — — o«j-cm — cr>r^vtf-CMeotor^r\) — r^tocM^ — incM — r^ >

U

o s

f— CM N £

N Us

SI

tOtOtOtOfOrOiOIOCSJCMCMCMCMCMCMCM—- — .— — .— t— .— .— ©©©©OOOOi— — .— .— — .— ,-.— CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOtO oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I -»--t--t--l--t--l--»--l--+--l- -I- -*--!--»- -t- -»--*--+--»--»--l--t--»--+--»--»- UJUUUUUJUJtJUUlUJUUJUJUUUUtiJLJUUJUUJliJLdUJUUblUUUJUJUlJUJL'yiJUlJUliJUJlJuJUUUJ omooooooomooooooomooooooomooooooomoooooooinooooooom

•— — CMiOvt-inoeo — — cMto>j-u^soeo — — CMtOsrinsoeo — — cMrOsrinsoeo — — CMfO>tf-inv£eo — — CMto^j-irisoeo — •—

52
o

©

©

CM

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I cmi^'— CM\T\ooo©v3- — ©eo<^ — c*ct>lticm.— cr>oto©r--CT*a^ eoiric^>3-©cMtooow3ror^-c\Jo©c\ir^^soeot^io«T>meo'Oin

CM>d-irir^eoooeoooo>— •~(S]CM?ot<oiO'tf<r^-sr<3-tot^cNJCSi»-

o>

CME

u

toc

enC

3

t->

©

©©

m

©©

©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i >3-i^-(sjr~iriCT<(Mr~.©iri©eoirir-.t^co©tM«y''oo<ocsjirio><r>d-«r'

•— \o •— c*cor~»r^f>vD©CM'<>-r~»ON»— \j-r^©.— cM<7»o>d-©r--ro©to

»-«-CMCMfO.d-irir^e0' CMCMCMtOfOIOCMCMCMCM.— »- •- o

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i i i I I I I I I i i i I i i i I i i i i i I i i i i i i i in^-«or^^o©oiTi^Lnrosfl>tf-W'"— — r^«— •— cm iri © »— r>»p'>iri©r~.to^

o •— incMeo<a"C*c*eor»©CM ,d

- Lrii-*c*©ro«3-io©eovOfOCMr*>©'0«— ©

»-cMCMioro«tf-vnnseeO'-'- •- — •— — cmcsjcmcmcm — *-•— — etseomsrto ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I r*.toc\]oo'Oso^-c^soineo©irir^r>>©>— oOsoeocMLficsji^- — ©(0>j-cmcsi — ^vj-to

ts»iri»— c* %o •— <oto©©^-<tf- iTiNor^w>©«— «— t-« »x »— r*»r-"Cr>so(-.soc*<f©*r©f*»

ro^-iriirisfir>.t^eoo>i CMCMCM«— »-•— e*|-^NOinsJ-t<0CMCMCM>-»-<d-

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© i l i l l l l I I l I I l I I I l I l I I I l i l I I l I l l i l l I l UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUULItJUUjaiJUUUUUlJUU sj-ON>a*©ocsj©fOiri»— cr>otoiri>cfO^©ooeOvofOCT>sooo>a"0N ^, to(sj©i^.C\JocsJco

•— cm.— »s-to©.— cs)root-»©tsjrov3-irir^r-.inoo'0©«— <Mto©csjs3-©t^iri'— (om>3-to

in o t-^ oo e* • •CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM«-«-«-e0'>Olf>>d-tOCMCM-- — «-C^iniO —

s- -Q

i~o ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© © i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i i l i i i i i i ID uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu • CMCM«or^cj»r^K)©.— ^w^eove — vr^vr>3-©ir>c>»-c,.r--.©ir>cr>CMCMCM>— ©ifi-d-fOto^r--. © o^c*CM«*voeo«-tor~-c*toirir^o>.»-cM©to«— ^©cc>d-CMoo©»-r-.sa-CMLr)eocMr~.©.->tf-rN.

OC0C*^^t— «-CMCMCMCM^K>tOtOvtf-<J-^-tOCM«-»-eO^>irirOtOCM«-»-'— CT»r>.irirOCM'-<Ot<">

toro^o^o^^^oro^orotototOf0^oro^o^oto^o^oto^orO^^^^*^y^r^a-vr^rl^ltnlOl^llnu^so^o^o^£l^-. ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©oo©©©©©© © l l I I l I I I l I I I l I l I l l I l I I I I I l l l l I l l l l I l l I l l l l cm uuuuuuijuuuubjijijuuupumjuuuuuuiijuuuuuuuuuuiimiiju

• toooo©CMt^so--'-irio^©»-ifi©©irir^or-»s3-vj-(Oto--ts«NOO, irir~»-r^cr>©iriirir--CT»©--eoo © <tf

- eocM<r»^eocMO,->a-rocr>c'N\o — v3-toincMLOtor^K).— r-*CMc*t~.'.s-oo<3'CMc*©\oro©fiincr.r^©«3-

--«— CMCMMrOsJ"<sJ-irisOvr>r,>-eO<^cr>cr>eO>^>>3- CM»— •— •— o0t-~.^roc\l — — — OOr^sJ-tOCM — tT^sOtOCMin

,_r ©

00

fOfOfOrOMrorO^CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOrOrOrOMtOMs^vr^^^^r^^lTiU^ininifiONe^sflt^r^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©>©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I <3-r^r^r-»<3-o<r~^r-vC*.— vj-cMir>cr>ocMCMr-oeoooincMv3-©in — eoro«3©©CMeocMo©© — miriyj-eo©

•a- cm c* •— cm<— ©in©ro>s-vor^t~^r-»iriCMioc^a> — r--^.-^©^^.— t—«3"©cr*o-t*icr>{M»-r»..— ooo©

CMlOromsOf-OOCr". r>*>d-CMCM»-'-»-oo*o»3-CN]CM'— •— •- r~ ^ to «- .- winro- m cm

CQ

cu tOtOhOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMC\JCMCMIO^tOK>*1rOM[Osr<^vS-^^^^U^U^iniOOOO^I^(^c» ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©— T) I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

• .— ocr*oocosocM©iniri©ro©o»in'— va-'- ^©.— incN.tf-ooi^triNOi'OeOfo.— lor-.oror— cof>«— eo©r"-©ir>io © inio^©CMv^soc>^so©CM»-r-.^ooMeoiOvot^^-r».ro©©--CM^t»-'>tf'©^^eO'oir)C^irieocM«-o>— o> cm

-3" vO CO ' CMCMiototocMCM'— — r-irifOCMCM<— •-•-r-»intocM^-«— «-r->-«J-CM«-r-»«a-ro.— co»-into_ —

CM©

©

iio

rOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtOrOMtOtO^tOtO^^s^si-ininLrtLnOsDf^r^l^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©»©©©©©©©© — — — »- t— CMCM

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •— K)oo©^eofoeosow«^to©vT'4fu^cM^-i^rO\oc>oro©eot^©io^©©r^o^iri«j-CMCJCMK)soo»-i^©eo^-c^cM(0

incM^ovcMvo»-c»o^Nrsoeo»-oc>ioiot^.CM©ioc^ >a-.-intorosa-«ocjcMLri^>a-(~.socM—-&s^-c»»-saer>»3-«£>cr>CMoo ^.-.-.-CMCMioro^inifi^JOtocM^r-c^^^iocM*- — .-*^CM»-c*r»-«d-CMcOfor».CM«— r>.K)CM>a-.-ifiCM«-p'*»-iri — >

V OS

n e N U

en

tOrOhOtOMrOrOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM--.-'— •-•-•-«—•-©©©©©©©©•->— •-•-•-•-•-•-CMCMCMCMCMCMCNJCMrOPO ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UUUUUUUUUUUUUUIillJUUUIJUUlJIJUUtlUUUIJUUUUIiIUlJIJUUUIJUUUlJIJIJU ©irio©©©©©©iri©©©©©©©iri©©©©©©©K*i©©©©©©©iri©©©©©©©iri©©©©©©©iri

~-.— CMtOvtf-irnoeO"— — CMto>tf-iriooO'-^-CMto«a-in'oeo»-»-CMto«j-ifi'rf>oo^^CMro^rvnoeO'-'-cMto>tf-inoeo^'-

53
xix>xtxixixixixjxixjxjxtxixtxixjxixjxi rcciytmrryiw OOOOOG0303000000000000000C* O EBSEBBBBBEEBEEBBBBBBEBBBEB O La at Lata La La lata La —Lata La La La La La _Ea td La La La _La La o aa 3 o o o © o —ciirtae.cJixsaaGXT'vOO—-o*irtG'j23v-3-.ri ca ..........................

«— eMCMCMeMe<ic<ie«CMe*icMxtx. t*7.«-sr-«rirn«'tf-«-'«-fTe4C« —

^^XlxixlxlxjxtXTXjxiX5XTXtxIxixjxjxjxlxJXJxrxjxlX)X)_- 3O30O0GG00GOG0O000G3OG0GGG©© O i r [ f I ) f i : '

! f r [ : 1 I ' : I [ F F f ! :

i

- ._3

-Mu

a:

_.o G

: 5

E—

n__a

i

- cm si ?-i ci ci ci cm xi xt xr xi xr xs cm ex ex — ——vo

xfXtxrx!X!XixrxixrxixixtxiyTXixtxTXtyTXixixixrxix?xi>s-'_*'»*- _T' ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©ooogoooooocggogg bbeeeebbbebeebbebbbbbbebbbbbbb aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 09-—•»£- 3» <r ss — o- CM xr x: a* —- c»r^av P*-c»tT>CT- — oc — 3"> —- >r*i3>3

CI XT xr x* %£- >— XT XT x* >- S3 3* — CI C I X" ;- X* X" -T — 3C C*- -CT XT 3 c**- CI -5r CI MCM —.———- —- oO _ -3M

xrX?X-XrXTX!XTx;x»xrx?r^X;XIX7.XIXIX5XIXIXIXI<r_^^SP"^^^Nr- >S^^^rLrt 33GGGGGG33GGGG3300000G03GOG333GG33 3 tip:;.: trBEBEBBBEBBBEBBBBBI © B3EiEa[a;5i^^^Ei£;^Qiai3ca:£iiiii53E£&i£rai&iiiiiiii;iiiiiiiJ a _ _ a

in o* c-i j-- o xi sx; —xt xt s;;>:/;> — .so.— 33>^x,:-3rG*Go ~ x* x; ~ > — 3> x*. aa ex X* xr-^sr >c- xt ^ir. ^Cii^.rvacia'ooo — O-T.^ic —aoo< — c-- — _ n x« —\_ -as exes ex etc — cr^ e*. x-; x-; xi xi ci ci sr ooocoooccooooocoosssoooccocoooooooc;

„ G BBBBEPBSBBBBBBBBI . F K E r B B Iif r I G EJ5i&BE3E«SaEaBaEaaa5Ea35iUSSE£53ffiBEiaE£EiEiSGiDJ[^EKCSiaH&IiiUIii:iIiIiiiI

CMeicMCicieicicMCJeacMCM:'—••— T-^<oxt>arxr xt cici ——-—- a» ««—

XT XI XT XI XT XI X* X- ^7 f^T ;•*! ?^T p^ *<fT XI "^1 <J^ \^- *jl" ^f^ ,—"- ^- *^ ^f- *jj— v-* ^f-

,

ooogggoG33G330ogoo33G30g-303

__ «o La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La a aaLLaLaaa La © Csl •— CvCCCv^-"— ©O^OXtCT*—-C_©XX"^-rj,'TCI_J,P^-© <*"" Xi_JC^-— aO"CC**XJXTG<T»FN.LTl.rr r-*- o (or>ooio —cni «*- >rt •« ao crt s cj o o c1 xj ici «- xt ^ o© •«- r>- oa x> aa sr-e\i o so •*" cm c-» o <— «- •«

"_ CM CM CM CM X5 X» XS XI Xt XI X» XI XT «*-.*-**- XIX! CM —C* L>- UTr -3T XI CM CM ——-—-— aC>-X»X--I CXI s—

|^" xrxixixixixixrxixixrxtxixixxxTx;xTxvxTxt_~v3r^^-sr*s--c-^-ST-x*x*x* c x* x~ x* x* _ ,_ _ *r ;>> .^_. oooosooccoooaocooccooocoooo 3 g c;^; g 3 3 3 3 3 G G G 3 3

j^ © i t » t i ( i t : i ; i i f I _f f t r i_ i t f r i_ : <—

ci aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa^aHa^La. a —. ii .c a _ - _xi.jr-CT»cccMG —•«- — —g xi ex as o^ —- xicMaC!>-xj*£it£T'<r"a3P».cixriO-r":^-C" c _ xi ex* t> —— —

-

onmoO'—a-'ca*.—net r<- © ex xs .—Moma5«-oO'a'a- «-Btoi«>a3i3>'«--s-s.r' a-c « Ti« *

•c«'iO'iir^-p^F>-r>-aceoao |3^os c!i evoce,«-^«"CM--Of>.'^icT>*-xjiM.— —a» s c "f .-'* ?i" « r

- <" —«-

CMC^rcMCIc^IC^IC^£CICMCieMCMcactfc«eMxrxIXJXtxT^^<rsr«-><r<^-^-^-*iC^x»•It•x,^XI r- cc-cac-^-^ aoooooooooooocooooocooooocooocoocosoc c; ^ cr r r r

," i i f t e i Li r t i l ! r l j •: i : i i i • j : i aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa^ijiaa xi^ix.^iiA.aauBi2a

•s-a>cjo!Oon—meim^a'T-fl — -xi <o — 3»N"i«-r? ^ixrri ^ — -s->s"~^ — n.13 « « 3 ^c ^ r

rMCMxtv3rsrxitrt«o>iOp^r^r^rs.%om— srxi^^^jcM?^.— .— o-s-.or^yTo.c'"^^ — ri -iri c-3 — '4 — a

m w ——«—*—.— .— ..— ^-w—,^-*—.— a<j^- cm-— -^t3> jc^ Jyi^i'— '— — ac -c -tf" x' r*i — ac »^ --st" Jt jw

CM »I CM CM CI CM CM CM CM CM CM "M CM CM CM CI X! XI X! X! XI XT vff- .tf- ^J- -^ &^r <T -ST S^ X» X" £~ £• -O a a -G -C ^*- « « * 3> — O0OOO0OOOOOOO0 3O0 0OO0C OOOOOOSOCOOCCC ^ -S OO 0~ 3 C5 —

^ ixi ui La La 1a ca La ca La La La La &u. at ca La La La ai .a -a La La ia La La >a La .a ju La -a^^aaaa a La a. La a aL a Li£ ~a

• <rci^\2 — j^>i-cioa>i-LriLC"1 r-^c\i<3;vi30 r^x*'^>— c t ^ 3 r y r ;-i rr-i, ^-?>:4 3a'ir3 ,';»- — ^ —cicm-s~c^-<3> —-it-irivc-irecicMoasrroor^-xroirt —a3«, 3>i>3>53'»i 3oa*i*>a-3''iao>o3>«-—>3^

CICMeMCMeMCMXJXJXJXIXiCMCM— •— —«3<r«M-— a»^-T:<~-\i— . aax--srci — -^-S-CM —— -*--«X5. 43.

CM CM CM CI CM CI CI CM CI CM CI CM CM CI CM CI XI ,n X! X- XT XI XI <r •«- >3?- -JT" -S" X? XT \T J» LP sir ^ C*- -^ « OC « * 3» = — 'I T X" -^ -= ~- OO0OaOCa0O00O00C033Ca0O30COOC3C OO^SC^:;; 3t5SO"-————— Ii.%

£3i _

• : j ._ _:_ I I t I f _ r • __ _ J c^ aLuaa^aaaijaaaaaLdLc*Lu»^«L.^^^Lu'4^^iuLu«Lc^LL^^^AaiiAiiLua^iux. a -— eaoi^.^MCiioop'iaa —xi.— LTtci'-C'Cis<ri<rcifi c x» .— >-3>-^-jo —;i3>s>\o;"5 —«3> tt.c3>-^ci33e c *" ^ ocMxi^r-LrtMsea —xioxicsi>ara»;rj.— ^"Caji*if^!»!— cj».— iC-i5*-ci3a-it"3»xT;«-c»-occi>s-x:2»~- — ssorsss'^r

<tf-<a-^-^-^-^-^-irTXT:rfs-xf cM— ——aoxrxTca ——<—c^vcxrci.—r>-r" x* ci —«- —-a cx-ci — is c"~ — « «- — -w^*

j, ^.^-^^^. v.^. ^i ^ ^i ~^ ^ ^[ ^j cm JM _____—— —-O _ OGOO 3 Tv-i JiTSTiTi '» '». *~1~~

"£. OSO-00 3 0C; 33 3S3 3 33330C0033 33033303C033333333CJ3300333

— ~- a aL_aLaLaa'-iLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLziLaLaLaLa^a a a a a La La La a; La aL £LaaaaaaaaaaLLaa

"V£ OHOaCOCSOK300 000B30 33C3 f — OOOC:~I" 3 3 33333X33033 3 3 I" *_ - ........_..._.._.._ .-._._._...

-v ——-cMxr-tf-un _>ott— —cm xr «- sr» ^ ac -— —esixi _run-',*tta_ ——*SE»*'«-a»__>3Sti—-—- etx-rxce —— si r». .* x» * «

-J
©

©

©

CM

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I cn>t^\doi/io- ©sosT>soc^sa-©iri©cr>s7siriCMCMCMr~-CM in©cMtn — sd-in©oocMin©sj-r-.©inootOsj-sr- r^ to r^- cm in CM-d-!nsOI"^r^l-»0000 — — CMCMCMtOtOtO<}-<f-.tf-srtOtOCMCMIns3"s3-sa-sj-srs3-srs3-<rf0f0t0f0f0t0t0f0t0t0f0t0t0t0t0t0s3"s3- ©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

© i i i i i i i i i i i I i i I I I I I I i I i i I I i I — IT) fO sO sO — f* 00 00 CT* in © 1A sO -sT CM fO sO fO 17s © sT — h-- (SJ Cfs l^> ©

© m co so to — © oo to -j- — © to in r^ on cm ^ r* os o* oo in to cr» r-^ cm o cm

00 — — CMtOs}-sJ-sOr-*C7s. •CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — OssO

cn

CM ©

m

v3- <a-s3- >3"vrvJ"v*- v3"s3"vJ-sJ"s3-tOtOtOtOtOtOtOtOtOtOIOtOIOsrv3-vJ->3-s3" ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

s3-oor~-ootoiri\otOvor^-r~-ins3-sor^inc7stOfOoo©CMooooinvTsvor-.tOr- © to so — so©'sfcoosinoocO'— cMtomsoo^octseososj-cM — >-intoo«oi — — — CMCMtOfO<3->J-sOf~-sT'. CM^ cr< i^« in to cm

i/> c

ID

vfvrsrv^<r«^^sr>Tv^sJ- vd_ fOiotototototototov3-s3-sj- s3-\cr>3'v3-v*-s3- vrv?-inin ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©o © i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I I I I I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i ©in©CMtOsos3-srr^tot>©©iT>insovj- r^-t~»r~-in'— sOs3"-— CMtocMONiTi©©«— oo

cm cMso©incxscMir>©>3-srcMoo©©- CMtosr<rcM©ost^.s3-eooo — cmiti- ootosj-to c

3

f0

i-

-t-> 10E

CD

S_ J3

i-o

CMCMtototo^va-inirisor^oO' oor--sotnsa-«3-tocMCM- — osa-

©

©

m

st>rvt^\Tvfvfsr\T<rtoiO(OtotoiO(Otototo>cr'j-\tsr\t\t'cr\r\t\t\firiiriininiri ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©>©©©©©©©© i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I I I i i i i I i I i I i i i i I i i I I

h. <r to ia (\i •- in to st — in — — o0s3"to©sosrr^tocoscosm — cm so cm c> cm m co in — —

cr>so- oosj-osto- 00fO©cMtotOsd-insosoin- r~-r^intooo©inossotocMinsosocscM

CMtOsj-<rininsor>-r^cy<. oOsoinsj-toiocM- «—»-«- c* t-^ sj- cm —

>^^^>rvr^totototototototOfOfOtotototo>r>crsrsr^vr>cr>*'d-iniriininininin%ososo ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I i I i i i I i I I I i i I I i i I i I i I i i i I i i I i i i i i I i i I UlilliIUUlilUUUUUliJUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

tOvor^»©in©vo©CMin©'— <rintooto© — cM<y>c> — ooooto©oot^oo©tOsONOinsocrsos©

eocor^toinso©CMtoinr^c^©- CMtOsrtOsT^CM-d-intoc^cMsj-osr — CTsr-~osr^iT>oOint---©©

to \t m s co o^ < CM CM CM CM CM CM — — 00 vo mio to CM CM — — os 00 so mto CM — oo m to

CSJ o

srtototototototototototOfOfOtOfOtotototOs^s^s^srsrsrs?-srsririiriiriininininsososososor-» ©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© © i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i cm uuuuuuuuiuuuumjumjuuLJijJuumiJUUuiiJUUJUUuuiiJuuiiiuiuu

•a-os- sosotosr — ©tocr>s?<cscrss2-incM- — toooos^ossocMsj-va-oosroocMt^- cm so cm so c* — to © tO©tOsOOsCMsreO'— sOs7ss3-00'-tOCM00intns*-sOsJ- CM00©00- sJ"C>sOCMs3-tO00- tOCTstOlTls3-s3-00

oo — — — — CMCMCMtototosrsj-inininsi-tocM — cr>r»sos3-s3-CMCM — — oot^-insrcMCM- eososj-CM — to

,_ ©

oC\J

tototOfotototototototototocMfOiotoiotototo<3-s3-s3-s3-si"sj-^s}-i/sinintninininsososososor^r^ ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I i i I i i I i i i I i i I i I i I i i i i i I I i i I i i i i i i i i I i i i i i uiJuumjuuuuuuuuuuiumJuiJiJULiuuuuuiiJiduuuuiJiJuuuuuu

CM©o©CMsosotoin©r^crssrCMsj-r~.osoosoinoseosOsT>sj- CMr^to©oocMsj-oOooc\i o — — so so its — —

srosto©so- soincMincMCMt^©s7sinoo©r^sD- sro->©t>tos3-socMs3-oor-^>j-r--os ox>r~iooo©srcM — — cMtotOss-si-msor^eoc^oN — «* oo o -si- cm — — cs r^ ,a >d- to cm — — c»s r~- in s3- cm — — soss-to — — torn

CD

CO

tototototototocMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtotototototosrsr<d-sd-srsrsrininininininsosososor~.t~-ooeoooc^'— ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©— m i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i r i i IOOOtOfOs3-cOtO©mCOCMsO©fOCMCMsrr^mCM — sTsOOCTs©!.'*!.— CTsoOO^sO"— Mfll^sTt-.K)sri>.N — to © t-^ — © sor-»i--CMs}-srs3- — CMinr-.oooosOs3-©mcM©©in — ootot>oooor~.CMt^oom — sa- in to — r^cso*in — — r^©r-*

CMfOsJ-sor-»00Cfs- — — — — — — — — r-**3-tOCM — — Osr^mtOCM- — Ctsr^insTCM- I^sj-CM- OssJ-sOtO — — sO

CMo

©

II©

tototocMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMtototototototOsrsrsi-s3-sj-inininininsosor-.i~-.ooooooooi7so- cm s*- m r~» © r-. ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© — — — — — — CMCM

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I UUULJUUUUUUUUlJUJUliiUUUUUJUUlJUUIJUUUUlJUUUlOIilUJUUUUUUUUIOUUU

mtO — — — sOCM — — OssO00©©CMCM- f-- CM r-» — tO Cts © 00 fO — sOtO©in©CMCr<lT*sO>cras — sOOS00sOOsr~.CM00sOsOtO socmo«— toineotot^- •— socMooin — sotoootot^to©(7s©sos^CMeos^ostOsrr^oocMsrsoi7s»-^-soc>©in©©©i^sjinr»-oo- — — — CMCMtotocMCM — — — eointocM — — — r^sotocM- r--intocM — sj-- sj-- sotocM — cMsoto — oOsa- - cmo»

7*

>

V

j: ON

t_rsi X £

N UX

cn

tOtOtOtOtOtOIOtOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — — — — — — — — ©©©©©©©© — — — — — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMIOtO ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l-t- + + + + + -f + + -f-t- + + + + + + + + + + -t--t- + + + U^iUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUiUUUUUUlJUUUuJIJUUJliJIJUUUUUUUUUUUUtiJ ©Lr>©©©o©©©in©©©©©©oin©©©©©©©in©©©©o©©in©©©©©©©in©©©©©©©in

— — CMtosrinsooo — — CMto-a-insooo — — CMtOss-insooo- — cMtOsj-insooo — — CMtoss-insoeo — — CMtosj-insooo — —

55
Appendix C. Sample Run

1. Input Data

Below is a listing of the input data for the run producing the results

shown in figure 12 of Appendix A. Note that the monoenergetic depth-dose data

set is read from unit 9.

1 9 2 42 2 0.03000 0.04000 0.05000 0.06000 0.08000 0.10000

0.15000 0.20000 0.30000 0.40000 0.50000 0.60000

0.80000 1.00000 1.25000 1.50000 1.75000 2.00000

2.50000 3.00000 3.50000 4.00000 4.50000 5.00000

5.50000 6.00000 6.50000 7.00000 7.50000 8.00000

8.50000 9.00000 9.50000 10.00000 12.50000 15.00000

17.50000 20.00000 22.50000 25.00000 27.50000 30.00000

2.000 1000.000 2.000 1000.000 301 0.100 7.000 101

GEOSTAT, 357 90 KM, INCL=0 ,PL0NG=1 6 0W; SP : 1 AL ( 95%) , TP : NONE, EL : AEI7-HI (79)

3 28 1.00000E 03 3.15360E 07

0.0000E 00 O.OOOOE 00 0.0000E 00

2.6500E 01 2.4500E 10 O.OOOOE 00

1.0000E-01 2.0000E-01 3.0000E-01 4.0000E-01 5.0000E-01 6.0000E-01

7.0000E-01 8.0000E-01 9.0000E-01 1.0000E 00 1.2500E 00 1.5000E 00

1.7500E 00 2.0000E 00 2.2500E 00 2.5000E 00 2.7500E 00 3.0000E 00

3.2500E 00 3.5000E 00 3.7500E 00 4.0000E 00 4.2500E 00 4.5000E 00

4.7500E 00 5.0000E 00 5.5000E 00 6.0000E 00 6.5000E 00 7.0000E 00

7.5343E 04 5.7226E 04 3.5768E 04 2.0637E 04 1.2084E 04 7.7592E 03

5.3738E 03 4.0677E 03 3.3050E 03 2.0840E 03 9.4707E 02 4.4939E 02

2.2097E 02 1.0413E 02 5.1592E 01 2.6350E 01 1.2667E 01 5.7739E 00

2.9428E 00 1.8846E 00 1.4374E 00 1.1547E 00 8.4948E-01 6.2276E-01

4.8761E-01 3.4227E-01 2.1946E-01 1.2189E-02 0.0 0.0

2. Output Data

The output listing, the significant portions of which are given below, is

mostly self-explanatory. In addition to monitoring the input data, the total

flux and the average energy is given, both for the protons and electron

incident fluxes:

56
f

max

INT SPEC e J ihJTj dT, 4ir o' o min

./' max / / max

/ T

Q ^47T (T ) dT

Q / / min

/rTma> mm

4tt

v o

y o

Sample output listing:

IMAX IUNT

42 2 SHIELD DEPTH (G/CM2)

2

58

17

03000

,15000

.80000

,50000

.50000

.50000

,50000

04000

20000

00000

00000

00000

,00000

05000

30000

1 .25000

50000

50000

50000

20.00000 22.50000

0.06000

0.40000

1 .50000

4.00000

7.00000

10.00000

25.00000

08000

50000

75000

50000

.50000

12.50000

27.50000

0.10000

0.60000

2.00000

5.00000

8.00000

15.00000

30.00000

EMINS EMAXS

2.000 1000.000

2.000 999.999

EMINP EMAXP NPTSP EMINE EMAXE NPTSE

2.000 1000.000 301 0.100 7.000 101

2.000 999.999 301 0.100 7.000 101 ADJUSTED VALUES

GEOSTAT, 357 90 KM, INCL=0 ,PL0NG=1 60W; SP : 1 AL(95X) , TP = N0NE, EL : AEI7-HK79)

JSMAX JPMAX JEMAX EUNIT TINTER

3 28 1.00000E+03 3.15360E+07

E(MEV)

0.0 0.0 0.0

SOLAR PROTON SPECTRUM (/ENERGY/CM2)

2.6500E+01 2.4500E+10 0.0

INT SPEC

2.2719E+10

E(MEV)

1 .0000E-01

7.0000E-01

1 .7500E+00

3.2500E+00

4.7500E+00

EAV(MEV)

28.50006

2.0000E-01

8.0000E-01

2.0000E+00

3.5000E+00

5.0000E+00

0000E-01

0000E-01

2500E+00

7500E+00

5000E+00

0000E-01

0000E+00

5000E+00

0000E+00

0000E+00

0000E-01

2500E+00

7500E+00

2500E+00

6.0000E-01

1 .5000E+00

3.0000E+00

4.5000E+00

ELECTRON SPECTRUM (/ENERGY/CM2/TIME)

7.5343E+04 5.7226E+04 3.5768E+04

5.3738E+03 4.0677E+03 3.3050E+03

2.2097E+02 1.0413E+02 5.1592E+01

2.9428E+00 1.8846E+00 1.4374E+00

4.8761E-01 3.4227E-01 2.1946E-01

2.0637E+04

2.0840E+03

2.6350E+01

1 .1547E+00

1 .2189E-02

1 .2084E+04

9.4707E+02

1 .2667E+01

8.4948E-01

7.7592E+03

4.4939E+02

5.7739E+00

6.2276E-01

INT SPEC

1 .9162E+07

EAV(MEV)

0.34290

57
o

a._

+_

oa_

sosososososoinininsrsJ-srMroiocsjsNiNCsisNjrsicsjtsirsjrjrsj- — — — — — — — — — — — — ooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo + -4- + -t- + + + + + -t-4- + + + + 4- + + + -»- + -*--*- + + + .*- + + + + + -t- + + 4--t- + + + + + UUUUUUUJUUUUJUUUUlJUUJUJliJUJUUJUJUJUUUUJUUliJUUJUUUJLuUJUJlJU

soc\ioooins3-f*s7smr^>a-CTseo^-iAc\)sT>r».inc\ioeosor-.CTssooc\j — i^<j-ooifiCMO'-nNriv-*oN

to i> sr so >3- so — ro — csjcysr^inosrOsosoineooo- m eo r- o so — «a-»-»- — r^.or-.sotooLntMiniOso — — ino>3-or^sd-s3-s}- — so si- cm — inr-.soiOsocMeou">rocMommr--oss-eO'srcjs>3-ins7»s3- — i^ooio ss-mcmcm — — inro — soto — incM — r--in<3-tocMCM — — — «— — a>eoi--r-»sominsrf'>CM — — — eosom

sOsOsOsOsOsOminmsi-'srsi-tOtOCMCslCMCMCMCM- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — OOO oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo -t- + -*- + -t- + -l--t- + -t--t- + + -t--t--t- + + + + -t- + -t- + -t- + -t- + + + -t--t-4- + -t--»- + + -t- + -t- + UUUlJUUlJUljJUUUUJUlJUIJUUUlJUUuJUlJUlJUUUUUUUUliJUUiJUU

^o^r^incM — intr-e^o — — tOs^c>cr'inoin<>CNoincMCMinoNss-syror^toooosT>CMooooot---©s»-

toeo^so^socrs — c^a>eoeoeosor^oc7sc\jooso — o — oininoeoc^cMooininoosj-ocMtosj-cr. — — iriovrosD*ioNoiri^\oN-a-NNfOoo>>- sa- oo »o co >a- — r-sj-CMcrst^inr*.- voioo- ss- o

>d- ro cm cm — — in ro — so(0_s3- — soiocm — «— — eoeot--sosominins3-s3-ss-h'>torocMCM — — — <o so in

E-O

a:

O

to

fOKltOtOtOrorOrOrOrOr-OCMCMCMCMCMCMCSJCMCMCMCM — — — — — — ______ o O O O — — — — oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo + + 4- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +I I I I csjcoCNJor^rooeoooorO'— ^C7*c^toror-«o>(0<3-r-»c*o^<r>j- — eor^-s3-f^socMinsoint--i\leor».r<is7» <rrooooMriiri\o- cm — si-CM^in^!*-)!--^ — s3-mineooinrocMCMeoeOs3-c\jcMr^CMtor*»©»sor»»

crssos3-cMs7ssocsios.inK> — oot~^too — <d-t7s — jstoo^ro^NeootfiMfl'- cososj-incMinmm — ct>so lOtoKirocMCMCM — — — — oi-*somsj-rocMCM — — — eosomsi-ss-fOCMCMCM — — — r~-s3-CM- ossorocM

o

_

a._

_ oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

_

OQ+

to -J a U

»j_

>—

i

X

to

CQ to < s: j u

to _

CO s:3

z

1—

t

£ z

3 o

_J _ < t-o

U u

t~ »J

sOsOsOsOsOsOinminsJ-.crsJ-lOhOC\JCMCMCMCMCM- — — — _______________ OOO oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo + + + + + + -t--t--l- + + -«--*- + -»--f- + + + -t- + -»- + -t- + 4- + + 4--4--»--t--t- + -t--t- + -t--t- + + -f- uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu m cm-n in n ^ in a> as so — — io*o>a>inoino*a>oiricjNinCT'0->ij-i'iM'i»otMMooocor^o*

toeofososs-soo — ^o>oomooono^nooo-- o — oininoeOs7sCMcominoosroc\JiOs3-t?» — — inosj-ososa-rocMoinsosocMsd-c\)r-*CMoos — s3-eof>eo>3- — r^s3-cMv7sr-.inr- — oioo- si-o ss-focMCM- — into — soto- s3- — sorocM — — — eooot--sosoininmsj-sa-s*-rototocMCM — — — eo so m

fOtOtOrOtOrOiOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM — _______________ _ __ ooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo + + + + + + * + + *•* + •* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + * + ++ + + + UJUJ__„UUU__U3_UJ_____UU________UU__U___LJ_____

^©CMsro^oin^or^inror^^tTsiocMrOsTsineooincMCMinsTssrs^ror^roooocrscMeooeor-^osa- — r».msomtomr--or--CMs>cMr». — r»sT<insi-©so — o — oinmoco^cMeominoosa-ocMtOsj-os

r^sTCMor^in — CMsoo — s^r^cMC^-so-a-io- ©CTs_si-eotoec>3-- r-.s3-cMs>r---inr---- soioo — >a-©

CM CM CM CM — — — On so in sj- lO CM CM ' eoeo^sosominmsi->3-sj-toroiocMCM- — — eosom

U

sOsOsOsOsOsOmininsS-sS-sJ-tOfOCMCM — — O — si-CO oooooooooooooooooooooo *--S- + + + + + -t- + + -t- + -t- + + + + + -t-l i I u_u__uu__uu_u___u_u_u_ OOJIOOlMOOIOOOiO'- vOO^OCM'ltOCOO

tOOOIOsOvTinoO — C* sT \T vT — IO\DtOIO\00*^N ^-inO'J, OC'J-IOhJOIfl*>J, MNOsO*(\IOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

vJ-M(M(\J->-lfll')i-OI')'-*-*^10rOLfllO»v>-00000000000000000000

_ CM o £

o

u N

u O

< W

_ Nl

a;o

to

/-* z _" o z: HH w

to Nl

CO

t—

1

s:toz

<£_ >«w f- CO

Id lO

lO Q

O <

a cz

N

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo rosa-insooooinoooooooinoinooooooooooooooooooooooooo

o © o o © — — Nio^in^cooNinNoinoinoinoinoinoinomoinoirioinoinoirio

ooooooooooooo"— — — — CMCMrotOss-ss-mmsosor-*r~eooo»s s?>©CMint-.©CMmrN.©

____CMCMCMC\JfO

>- eo in t\i vo o vo - — — cm cm to sj- © so — r^-tr-- tomr^s7s©cMsxsooo© — tomr-N.sosoins*-fOtocM< — \rcocMor».m\r — eoincMso©toineo©m — so — so — r-~CMr-.CMr~-toeOfoeotoi7sin- ^ to o in « — — — cm cm to in r^ — sr co cm on r-. so losS-stcs) — ase0s£)iritocsjos7sr-^sosd-fo_orsiinoo©toinco>

oooooooo'-'-'-NNiostinsor^o>>-NstsBoooNstinN<>'-ioinr>.soinstsrio(\ji-i — — — — — CMCMCMCMCMCMtotototOsj-insot>.eo^©'

nt to — on in — fsjKisj-sor~-cr>csiLricy>f>gsoor-.infsJot^s3-c>ocy>^s3-(\jsTsr--.sj->— o> so io o eo in N o in t^roos^sooor^sos^csjoeoin.— socNjr^toto«^insosor^oooOs7sso«— •— CNjtOsj-s3-eocsjsoCTsfor~.«— sj- roeocsjr^soineo«— t^tocr»srsooocsjt^ — soins^tocM«— oaseor^r^soinsriocs).— soc\jt~-fsieo»OsTssj- s3-mi-.co — sr — <Tstoooc\Jr^soinc\Joom_ «j-noioso^- NriN>.©tosooNCMineocMt».— soomt^st — — cm cm \r m r~- eo — sj-co — in cr> so to — eoincM©r-»\j-CMs?<soto — eomcMeom — ecsi-or-. — — — CMCMCMtosrininsor^coeosTs©©- cMiotoss-eo — incr»cMso©fo ________ CM CM CM to to sj- s3-

58
*-ar«»i««*iririr^^«-totototaTA;fA;t^jraTvr*ra*sratX'tv.— .— •—-—.— «—»-.— «—«—«—•—•— ©© ©©©c©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© _s • ^

^»"*.a"»< ' » •*****•*** * -a- j- m«--—mtaaD—- ©f~.i-.to —nn—«c»oiri»«io —rar-.m©mioTaf«.eMn.— «-cotoNrgNico o <c ©•—*>,>.in»>-cao-in.«»-to*-.ra^"jn©xafas>»«3-inaDcK *eeoio©c* to —<f ^-fticoNN^tftfo^tc

ft- tvacac©-— m-<a-© ommto*- c> to «»<»-«— *o>«- ©r«-m to ta»-eK©to 00moto.— to »^ to ©e»« —

«c «- totora— ac-mraf-a-M*•"-**!•— «c «cmioNNN»-—^^^»>a«NN*C'fl-«riJ»-«-«-t«.*

A. 40«e^«**mmm^«-^toto»aracvit\jcvirarara.— »—•—.— »-•-—-»—«—--•—»—»-»---»— «—©>©©

O. COOOOOCCCOOOOO ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©>©©©©©©© ft- •+^---»--+-+-4--<--+---«--4-H--*--*--*--*--+-*--+-4--4--*--#--i--4--4--4--4--+-+-+-*--*-'*--t- + -*--*--*--«--fca «•©©»»«-»«. a* *a«- to m*-<a-»— tommao —MOiom—mo ommo>tf>nN<-«'«'niioiso>0'-

-s- tv acac© —mt*-. c©«-«-ra»Dto.<a-«-o*— mra —ofl-somoiri"- !»-«- —«o«»m:i--»— ^etaf-ieo-.

-j ...... - - .»«_____»__„___-___

u: «e«-to»oxa«-acmTv;eK«-ta«era«c«-ra:ca— —.— .— on eo kn»>-<c icminin«' (a-*o»3ftj— «— cN*«..«n

ft- I*. tototototototojototoranj*xsatAj«virarvirarara-— .— «— »-»-.— ————- — ©©©©.———

O ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©-CC^-CCC::;:

aC -*--»--*--+ + -4--t--4--*--4--*--l--»--t--t--*--«--«--»--4--»--t-+-*--J--t-H--+--*--t--t--+-»--i-"*--»--»--i-J I ] raeorao»t^.to©eoao©»o.— cM»«c>»toto»-.o*to<3-fx.c»»c>><3-o- —'»0f-o"i"-»ocain*omt-.raaDr"'-tocN

_; vMooooMniniD—N«-c-w*mi^ior<.rv^- <r mmno ©in to ru *M«oeovs-r»itM i--rtf»OT-w »•»©»>. c ct»,©*-rat»»«orac*mto.— cmoo"-«-t»»»— »o«oo't3-o»T*-«oo^"os m»— soJXJ-mrainmm — o*

m ..................... .............

»o 10 10 to *j «j e«a -— •— —•- o» r>- «o ir> «-jo *j oj •— ——«o »o jri ia- ^- 10 wro tv) ——•— r»- «- ra —»» »e to tv)

©o© ©©©©©©©©o ©©©© © o© ©© ©©© ©©©©©©©© © o© © © o ©© ©©

«<C <X> «C «© *D miTi m«"«<S" to JO ra TV) IV) TVI CM K3 TV) TV) .— .— .— .— ,— .-.— .— .— »—.— «—,— .— .— .— •—© ©© ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©0©©©©©©©©©©0©©©©©©0©©©©©©0©0 a: -+-+-4--*--*--t--«- — ->--t--i--*--l--t--4--t--»--*-t--*--+--»-.+ -t--i--*--*--t--»-'+-»--i--*--t--i--»--4--f--*--*--*--4- t Tv©ao—o»mJ»< ©•— id—-toao«-*DintoaooNinrr>to«o©i3-©.— *omtocac»CNCNao»o—-ao*Df«-©ra

-j «-©©o»«-T*.oNra«-tomr«.<r.— tommac—- r^totom — ^coominovtomr^ —«3-«-ratosDO»©»—

ii. t\ eoeo©.-into©©.— «-ra«c»oo-o- *»•.— mcv —©*-?-.© in ©in»—*-.*- »— ao <o mt-» — iera n*^

«c «- »o to tvs —ao msa *»>• «ra «o ra ec *ra *vi •— —«- •— »»» eo «o r»-t»- »» <o inmm«• «- to rvj ra ——- o*r>- in

tototo«o»ototo*orfitv)tv)rarvirvira*virarararvi*aTvt.— -— .—.—.—.——»—.—»-—.———.— .— —©© © ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© if -+--»--+-*--i--*--^- — -^->--r-*--*--*--T--*--«--*--*--*--»--+-*--+-*--t--i--»--*--»--»--+-t--*--*--*--4--*--*--i--*--*-

3i3 ^ttztt^T^jo^""— jt!»— ec^tA}<e-i*^»*— <o»e*»«^o^fO«5©«'^"— »cintotvio»o^t'>'coto»— to«oT«-©'tV! K ao to «»»«»— «-?v «jt< to c>»>-—•—»—«-to »». to j>- to tojn —<c commr>jDinN'-c- «- Nio«»'0"-

«c tvti*>»vii>.4B-©«-..— aoo«aoc>tvit>.io©aotD4-(V)<— o#^oinoin—1».#— «o*iriN — »d rvj t~- «c tr.

«c- to to ro ra «»— —t«w in ^- «- to tvi tvi tvs —«————»_ o> co ao t^ *> i» «» mmjd <r «- to tvi tvi —-- «n t»-jps

3c o^icic »c oxsiniMntf «-o-*ototvttvitv)»— ©»— toao m » -a- -a- *»--»• -a- -g--a--8- -» -•---»--» 1 i ) f_ yi p~ f

.~

f-.~i fn j^ 1 f.i f-n 1,- f

.n ^.t f,-? i,~, i-r, i,T hi tvi i.t I-.T tT"i hTfv7 O t>- «c «- an js. 10 <rtr> to »r> to rv» vo ra ao * r«- * *VJ «o © to

k. to»v^ao*-f«-ace>tot^©>totv)«-»— —•— rvt«0£VJ©«o y .j cv kicc—me, ©o©«-cv)*o©— <«—•— o>sinNoooooooooooeeooooooo

r: H2 .-- - <— »c«-tototv: —ac«r;tvi»>'«-fvi«tvi«etvi«— mt»-«-——^^©•©©•©©^c>^©>c>^©'©>^©©©©

J£ »-> ©©00©©©0©©©©©©©0©©0©0©©©©©©0©©0©©©0©©©©CG© tv to«-iri«eoinoooocooir)oinoc>ooooooo&oooooooc>oocccoo ^ JE ©•©©©>©»--—-tv»to«-jn»cat c-tv)int~©>in^in^m©in^jn^inc>in©in©m©'m©in©.m©

=: i^ • - 3C ^^©'©©^©-©©©©©'Ci——.— »— tv)tvjtofOo-o-iniTn£>»or^i^-«o«oo^£r.c> rain t»w©tv!ii"i*^c *n C ———»— XVJWTV! CVItO

u. *^ =— aci^itVi «»©>-«C'"—•— —ratv; to « ©*.»— t*-o-»— to m^-oc<tv)«- »cao©-— *o in r--«o »o m «- to rotvi— »- E —-«"actvi t»^ ts. m«-•— ao mtv>«c © to meo ©m-— «e —«*>— r>- cat*, tvi f- toao toao to o* m•— t*. to r*. m—

•— s; ——«— sasatom-?>—— «-aoxvttM«^tcjn«-«-tv) — tr.eo*Dintotvi^o^i^«e«-to^-c>iviinaDc>tomao —

3C — .,»-_......... ---_-.-------

-1 k ©^ ©-© © c^© © ©———njtv; to<rin <©in.sk.— svc-«<do ca o-mr>-*f>»— toint^-<om«"-<a-totvi«—

2b —— —— — cutvjatvrJrur/ioioiO'sririioivtco-c.—

3£ -»^ «-to—*»>.irv»— ^to«-4BTs.»>**)in *»^M«©©T^m*a©tN.^tvti»>'T^^tv>iJ*f^ *--*>«» to ©«m «fi in T^t^of- tf-«>*o?,»-<c«"ra©>«Do---*esar»-totoe-jn«D«cr»-«o*o»»©»— —ta*oo-<- eora »dimo»-— <s- _ fO«ctv/t>-<*;maC'.— rs. 10 »»•««> acta ?«•'.— <cin«-totvt.— ©»>«3tvN*iri«-«otv)«- *oraT»-raaofo«»i.«- Z J •- ..- _________

*—. < ^ *-if5'»».aD"— «*—«H«oaDtV!?»-<cmtviaoin.—<r^.of>tco»—B-K©f)eo>win<o(V)N— «o©m »•«

-—.—-tvj tv!«- mT".«c— c-ao .—in it»«>to.— ao mtv$©r>.«- ta»><» to..— aoinra ao m— eo vr ©>i~- i£ in i£ .— »— •— tatvitatotf-mmsot^-aoacs^©©-— ratoto«a-co--mi»-ra«Dc>to

b: 55 ..— .^—.^ »---.— .— tarara to to «-e- S5 *£

5B
<

O

Ou

ta+

ft! CO+

-Ju

SvOtfsO so so sO O lf>m IC| lft«3-<f- IO rOrOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO CO CO COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO"— —————— oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ^. + + + + + + + + + -t- + + + + + -t- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUidUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

incoeor,*cOLriv3'r''.oo>©io»ovoo<>irii'-»K">r^o»-o*r-»soroo»eot"*ir><oiri«— © © •— eooNN>- as so .-ir>ONi^©<oco^coo©^eo<rcoor^roin»er^NO©iric\JooinK?^o*eor^voir>*-i-^«-r^voeo©ro

p- ev in. %o mto cm *- Ktocsj«-»o — iricj"- — eo^iri'd-'d-rorococococo — — .-.-.-.-oor^in>3-f)ro.-

i^oooooovoinininin>a-^rofnK>c\jpococococ\JcococococococococNJCo~^»-»-»-»-»->-'- oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1- + + + +1-t-H- + + + 4- + UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU1UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

©voh»«— rococoK>roo^eoin©©irico©o\oir>o»»-iooNocoinvoco>3, ©©cocoos ococ-.©coeo irt'-NNNin^N^NMr-'-^iAN'- \oinoinv>ssoo«o>- v», cotoeo»a-©«o>tf- so>a'CSje7Noor^»-

--ino»r^©eoco>d-cosoo»»-r>»iocoi"».©oiocoo'>r-«.oir)>tf, rotoco — .- © © © o •— o» o» © .- sr oo 10

O

a.

-jo

in

rotororotoior^ioro^roiOhOroMC\]C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0«-«-«-«-»~»-»-»-«-©©©©«- ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©»©©© + + + + + -t- + + -»--»- + + + -t- + + + + + + + + + + -f + + + -*- + -t-4- + + + -»- + + + + +l UUUUUUUUUUUUUUWUJUUUUUUUUUmJUUUUIJUUUUUUWUUU

«*-«!r>a->a-»oio©irnomi^-t~-oo(\J©«9- voeO'd- ©cr»t^ — c^eo©otOv3-iosD©a»so»-eocosor^©eo«T»

o»o^osou^coeoioo>t^C\ji<)>d-ro«a"C\Jr-.csj»-©ir(ty<©ONO"— i^rocjoin-d-c^^-cO'— m co oo oo m >o o»%o<rcoo*r^coo»^i— ONr^^co©oosor».coco^eo^oNi^inco»-r-»to%or>*o*<rc*eO"— irir-^rocoio

«ji-«a-sf>orroK)iopocsicM. eor->.oiri«3-rocMCM. •o»oor-»voininco — »-r-»<3-K>co<do

a:cuDU O©0©0©©000©0©©00000©0©©©©©©00©©©0©0©©0©00©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

r^voto © © ©

0£ + + +

CO uuu + ©or-. J in •- r«* u t-mo.

oososovoiriinininv^^ro(orococococococococococococococococo»--«-»-»--- ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + •*• + + + + + + + + • + + + uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

•~tocsic\jroro%o>a-eoir(©©irirj©sOsoiric^.— toe»>o(\jirisocsjv3- ©©(\jcja>socs)

t^cMio^"r>-^-r>>oo — — <^mp^»— vomsoir»a»r^ovooo — "J-eoroco^oio^vosj-co

r--©ooco>d-coo o> »-r-»rocot».©«oroco©Nr~NOirna-iOK>cO"— •— o©©n©«— o^o»©

©©» ©

»• + + + uuuu r-> © cooo

o» oo r- •—

»-o»r^somiocM»-h-»o^-^-ro«— ^"-"-voiocM"— •- — — — •—•-•-•— — — «-^oseosoiT(ir(«3"ioco<—

rOIOrOIOtOfOrttOtOtOC0C0C0CS]C0C0C0C0CNJC0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0CJC0C0C0C0.-.-»-.- ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©oo© <n + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4- + + + + + + £ uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

u csjino»csits»»— •*•— -~©itiono»o>.— »oint»»c,jrostf-o«^-roo»<^roirisoc\)stf-©©c\jrocy>vo

0£ sor^roiTir^iO"— r*.«3-r^vo-"©o^iriino* — fMifimoHr«-sosoeO'-«ycoKieov»"©to«»- vD*3" co .— \©cooo«— sor-.»-m^-CMsOhwOON«rf-©eo<tf-'-osr^soiri^ioK)C\)«-^©©©so»-o*cTs

© © © © ©

+ - + + + UUUU3U

co r~ ©roeo

co ©>. cor*- •- ©«-<d-oo>o

soif»iri«a-«a-iococo»-«— o>>r-.ir>«3-»ototocococo' <*.oovoir>in«3-ioco*-

10U

U

X

a.

in£

Z

z l^sOO

o ©O©

a: •¥•¥•¥

h- uuu O ©oco

UJ Iflp-N J fino

u

COo

sowN

soosososomiriiriiri'rf-srrofococo»-t-co\o ©O©©0©0©©©©00 0©00©0 + + + + + + + 4- + + + + + + + + +I I UUUUUUUbJUUUUUUUUUUU voo«eo©'-t>.>3-iri^eoK»iriONCorovo©sor-«

so«-s»-s3-^C0vor^<— ino>>iricoco«a-K>roo>r«. NeNNvtNiOO>>-oNtOvtOeOIO>-0000000000000000000000

— o»r>»voir<ioco»— r^io--—'io^-K>«— r^roos^-os^-©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©

©O00©00000©©0©000©000000©©00©©0000©©©©©000

ro<d-irnoco©u>i©©©©©©©in©iri©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©•— »-cotON3-invoeo©coifir^©in©iri©iri©ir>©iri©iri©iri©in©iri©ifi©in©iri©

©©©©©©©©©©©©©—»-»-^-cocororo«s-sj'if>invosDr«.r>.ooeoo«o»©comr«.©coirit>.©

•- — — — coco co co ro

L. ^> O

Oi w

'

u N

t-z

u

u

h-<u -J

to -J >-l o < £

o *-• m N

CO a

s <

•— oc:

•— ooirtcoso©vo — — •— cocoto>i-©vo — r*.o>«— roinr^os©co*sooo©«-«oicir*.osoiris*-ioioco<

«~\j-eocoo»r^in«tf-.— eomcoso©f)ineo©ici'— *o •— so — r«.cor^cor~ioeotoooioo*iri.— siocmtii

•—«—»— cocotoirir-.»-s3-oocoo»r-vsoin^-»a-co — oscOvomrocooosr-vso^K).— ©comoo©iomoo<

©©©©©©©©•— — »-cocoros3-irior«.o«.— cosrsooo©co>3-irir~c7».— loinsvomsrtfi'xs!--

•—•-•—.— •— cocococococoioroioto«a-iri\or-»ooo,>©.

a- to — as in — cotOsrsor*.a>coifio»coso©r~irtco©r».<»-coe7Nr~^-csjo»r^.<tf-'-cr>oto©coinco©iri r>>»ooN^rocor^so«s-co©coiri"— socor^toro«a-in*o>^}r~cocoo>©.— — coto^«s-oocowDO»ior^ — >* roeocor^*oiri«o — r^(oo»\3-vooocor^»-oir)sj-fOco»-©oscor*-r^sDiri«s-K)co«— vocor^cooofoox*-

•» in r>- oo •— «s- «— o»tnoocor»oincooom«— «3-t*-©iOsoos.— «*-r«.©i«'>veo»coinoocor»««— yooiriCNO- ~-^coco>s-inr-oo«— «tf-eo — in«7>\oro.— ooinco©r^«d-coo»%oK>.— oomcoeoin»-ootf-©r-»

•— •-•-cococoio<rininor-»cocoo'<©© — cororo<d-eo«— ino»coso©to

.-.-,-.-.— t— .-.-co coco rotors- «s60
Appendix D. Listing of the computer code,

C SHIELDOSE, 12 FEB 80.

C DEVELOPED BY S. M. SELTZER, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS.

C

C IDET = 1, AL DETECTOR

C 2, H2-0 DETECTOR

C 3, SI DETECTOR

C 4, SI-02 DETECTOR

C INCIDENT OMNIDIRECTIONAL FLUX IN /ENERGY/CM2/UNIT TIME

C (SOLAR-FLARE FLUX IN /ENERGY/CM2 )

C EUNIT IS CONVERSION FACTOR FROM /ENERGY TO /MEV,

C E.G., EUNIT = 1000 IF FLUX IS /KEV.

C TINTER IS MISSION DURATION IN MULTIPLES OF UNIT TIME.

C DIMENSION EP(30),RP(30),DP(30,51),ZP(51),ER(80),RE(80),EE(10),

1 DE(10,41,2),ZE(41),ZB(60),EB(10),DB(10,60,2),ZM(50),Z(50),

2 TPL(301),TP(301),RINP(301),TEL(101),TE(101),RINE(101),SOL(301)

3 EPS(101),S(101),SPG(301),G(3 01),SEG(101),DOSOL(50,2),

4 DOSF(50,2),DIN(6 0,301),GP(301,50),GE(101,50,2),GB(101,50,2),

5 DOSE(50,2,2),DOSB(50,2,2),ZMM(50),ZL(50),GARB(60)

CALL ERRSET (208,256,-1,1)

ZCON = 0.0 015(2. 54 05*2. 7 ZMCON=10. 0/2.70

RADCON=1.6021892E-08

PRINT 10

10 FORMAT CO IDET NUT IPRNT')

READ 30, IDET, NUT, IPRNT

PRINT 30, IDET, NUT, IPRNT

IDET1=IDET+1

REWIND NUT

PRINT 20

20 FORMAT COMPMAX LPMAX KMAX MEMAX LEMAX MBMAX LBMAX')

READ (NUT, 30) MPMAX, LPMAX, KMAX, MEMAX, LEMAX, MBMAX, LBMAX

PRINT 30, MPMAX, LPMAX, KMAX, MEMAX, LEMAX, MBMAX, LBMAX

30 FORMAT (1216)

PRINT 40

40 FORMAT COPROTON DOSE DATA (ENERGIES INCREASING)')

FRINT 50

50 FORMAT CO E(MEV) R(G/CM2)')

DO 110 M=l, MPMAX

READ (NUT, 60) EP(M),RP(M)

PRINT 60, EP(M),RP(M)

60 FORMAT (1P6E12.4)

EP(M)=ALOG(EP(M))

RP(M)=ALOG(RP(M))

DO 70 ID=1,IDET

READ (NUT, 60) ( DP(M, L ), L=l , LPMAX)

70 CONTINUE

GO TO (80,90), IPRNT

80 PRINT 60, (DP(M,L),L=1, LPMAX)

90 IF (IDET1.GT.4) GO TO 110

DO 100 ID=IDET1,4

READ (NUT, 60) ( GARB( L ), L=l , LPMAX)

100 CONTINUE

110 CONTINUE

ZPFAC=1.0/FLOAT(LPMAX-1)

DO 120 L=l, LPMAX

120 ZP(L)=FLOAT(L-l)*ZPFAC

PRINT 130

130 FORMAT COELECTRON DOSE DATA')

PRINT 140

140 FORMAT COE(MEV)')

READ (NUT, 150) ( ER(K) , K = l , KMAX)

PRINT 150, (ER(K),K=1,KMAX)

150 FORMAT (6F12.5)

PRINT 160

160 FORMAT C 0RANGE(G/CM2) '

READ (NUT, 60) (RE( K) , K=l , KMAX)

PRINT 60, (RECK), K=l, KMAX)

61

A 10

A 15

A 20

A 30

A 40

A 50

A 60

A 70

A 80

A 9

0' A 100

A 110

A 120

A 130

A 140

A 150

A 160

A 170

A 180

A 190

A 200

A 210

A 220

A 230

A 240

A 250

A 260

A 270

A 280

A 290

A 300

A 310

A 320

A 330

A 340

A 350

A 360

A 370

A 380

A 390

A 400

A 410

A 420

A 430

A 440

A 450

A 460

A 470

A 480

A 490

A 500

A 510

A 520

A 530

A 540

A 550

A 560

A 570

A 580

A 590

A 600

A 610

A 620

A 630

A 640

A 650

A 660

A 670
DO 170 K=1,KMAX A 680

ER(K)=ALOG(ER(K)) A 690

170 RE(K)=ALOG(RE(K)) A 700

FRINT 180 A 710

180 FORMAT COE(MEV), THEN RO*D/E (ENERGIES INCREASING)') A 720

DO 270 M=1,MEMAX A 730

READ (NUT, 150) EE(M) A 740

FRINT 150, EE(M) A 750

EE(M)=ALOG(EE(M)) A 760

DO 210 ID=1,IDET A 770

DO 200 N=l,2 A 780

READ (NUT, 190) ( DE(M, L , N)

,

L=l , LEMAX) A 790

190 FORMAT (1P8E10.3) A 800

200 CONTINUE A 810

210 CONTINUE A 820

GO TO (220,240), IPRNT A 830

220 DO 230 N=l,2 A 840

FRINT 190, (DE(M,L,N),L=1, LEMAX) A 850

230 CONTINUE A 860

240 IF (IDET1.GT.4) GO TO 270 A 870

DO 260 ID=IDET1,4 A 880

DO 250 N=l,2 A 890

READ (NUT, 190) ( GARB ( L ), L=l , LEMAX) A 900

250 CONTINUE A 910

260 CONTINUE A 920

270 CONTINUE A 930

ZEFAC=1.0/FLOAT(LEMAX-1) A 940

DO 280 L=l, LEMAX A 950

280 ZE(L)=FLOAT(L-l)*ZEFAC A 960

PRINT 290 A 970

290 FORMAT ( ' OBREMSSTRAHLUNG DOSE DATA (ENERGIES INCREASING)') A 980

FRINT 300 A 990

300 FORMAT C'OZ/E (G/CM2 KEV)') A 1000

READ (NUT, 310) (ZB ( L )

,

L=l , LBMAX) A 1010

PRINT 310, (ZB(L),L=1, LBMAX) A 1020

310 FORMAT (1P8E9.2) A 1030

DO 320 L=l, LBMAX A 1040

320 ZB(L)=ALOG(1000.0*ZB(D) A 1050

FRINT 330 A 1060

330 FORMAT ('OE(MEV), THEN D/E (CM2/G)') A 1070

DO 420 M=1,MBMAX A 1080

READ (NUT, 150) EB(M),RENORM A 1090

FRINT 150, EB(M),RENORM A 1100

EB(M)=ALOG(EB(M)> A 1110

DO 350 ID=1,IDET A 1120

DO 340 N = l,2 A 1130

READ (NUT, 310) ( DB(M, L , N ), L = l , LBMAX) A 1140

340 CONTINUE A 1150

350 CONTINUE A 1160

GO TO (360,380), IPRNT A 1170

360 DO 370 N=l,2 A 1180

FRINT 310, (DB(M,L,N),L=1, LBMAX) A 1190

370 CONTINUE A 1200

380 DO 390 N=l,2 A 1210

DO 390 L = l, LBMAX A 1220

390 DB(M,L,N)=ALOG(RENORM*DB(M,L,N)) A 1230

IF (IDET1.GT.4) GO TO 420 A 1240

DO 410 ID=IDET1,4 A 1250

DO 400 N=l,2 . A 1260

READ (NUT, 310) (GARB ( L ), L=l , LBMAX) A 1270

400 CONTINUE A 1280

410 CONTINUE A 1290

420 CONTINUE A 1300

PRINT 430 A 1310

430 FORMAT CO IMAX IUNT') A 1320

READ 30, IMAX, IUNT A 1330

PRINT 30, IMAX, IUNT A 1340

GO TO (440,470,500), IUNT A 1350

440 PRINT 450 A 1360

450 FORMAT C'OSHIELD DEPTH (MILS)') A 1370

62
READ 150, (ZM(I),I=1,IMAX) A 1380

PRINT 150, (ZM(I),I=1,IMAX) A 1390

DO 460 I=1,IMAX A 1400

Z(I)=ZCON*ZM(I) A 1410

460 ZMMCI)=Z(I)XZMCON A 1420

GO TO 530 . A 1430

470 PRINT 480 A 1440

480 FORMAT COSHIELD DEPTH CG/CM2)') A 1450

READ 150, (Z(I),I=1,IMAX) A 1460

PRINT 150, (Z(I),I=1,IMAX) A 1470

DO 490 I=1,IMAX A 1480

ZM(I)=Z(I)/ZCON A 1490

490 ZMM(I)=Z(I)*ZMCON A 1500

GO TO 530 A 1510

500 PRINT 510 A 1520

510 FORMAT COSHIELD DEPTH (MM)') A 1530

READ 150, (ZMM(I),I=1,IMAX) A 1540

PRINT 150, (ZMM(I),I=1,IMAX) A 1550

DO 520 I=1,IMAX A 1560

Z(I)=ZMM(I)/ZMCON A 1570

520 ZM(I)=Z(I)/ZCON A 1580

530 DO 540 I=1,IMAX A 1590

540 ZL(I)=ALOG(Z(I)> A 1600

PRINT 550 A 1610

550 FORMAT CO EMIN5 EMAXS EMINP EMAXP NPTSP EMINE A 1620

1 EMAXE NPTSE' ) A 1630

READ 560, EMINS, EMAXS, EMINP, EMAXP, NPTSP, EMINE, EMAXE, NPTSE A 1640

PRINT 560, EMINS, EMAXS, EMINP, EMAXP, NPTSP, EMINE, EMAXE, NPTSE A 1650

560 FORMAT (4F10 . 3 , 16 , 2F1 . 3 , 16 ) A 1660

EMINU=AMIN1(EMINP, EMINS) A 1670

EMAXU=AMAX1(EMAXP, EMAXS) A 1680

DEP=ALOG(EMAXU/EMINU)/FLOAT(NPTSP-l) A 1690

NFSTS=ALOG(EMINS/EMINU)/DEP+0.5 A 1700

HFSTS=NFSTS+1 A 1710

NLSTS=ALOG(EMAXS/EMINU)/DEP+0.5 A 1720

NLSTS=NLSTS+1 A 1730

NLENS=NLSTS-NFSTS+1 A 1740

NFSTP=ALOG(EMINP/EMINU)/DEP+0.5 A 1750

NFSTP=NFSTP+1 A 1760

NLSTP=ALOG(EMAXP/EMINU)/DEP+0.5 A 1770

NLSTP=NLSTP+1 A 1780

NLENP=NLSTP-NFSTP+1 A 1790

EMINUL=ALOG(EMINU) A 1800

DELP=DEP/3.0 A 1810

ICALL=1 A 1820

DO 570 NP=1, NPTSP A 1830

TPL(NP)=EMINUL+FLOAT(NP-l)*DEP A 1840

TP(NP)=EXP(TPL(NP)) A 1850

CALL SPOL (TPL(NP),EP,RP,MPMAX,ICALL,ANS) A 1860

570 RINP(NP)=EXP(ANS) A 1870

PRINT 580, TP(NFSTS),TP(NLSTS),TP(NFSTP),TP(NLSTP), NPTSP, EMINE, EMA A 1880

1XF NPT^F A 1 ft QQ

580 FORMAT ( 4F10 . 3 , 16 , 2F10 . 3, 16 ,

' ADJUSTED VALUES') A 1900

DO 620 L=1,LPMAX A 1910

ICALL=1 A 1920

DO 610 NP=1, NPTSP A 1930

IF (TPL(NP).LT.EP(MPMAX)) GO TO 590 A 1940

DIN(L,NP)=DP(MPMAX,L) A 1950

GO TO 610 A 1960

590 IF (TPL(NP).GT.EP(D) GO TO 600 A 1970

DIN(L,NP)=DP(1,L) A 1980

GO TO 610 A 1990

600 CALL SPOL (TPL (NP) , EP, DP( 1 , L ) ,MPMAX, ICALL , DINC L , NP) ) A 2000

610 CONTINUE A 2010

620 CONTINUE A 2020

DO 660 NP=1, NPTSP A 2030

ICALL=1 A 2040

DO 650 I=1,IMAX A 2050

ZRIN=Z(I)/RINP(NP) A 2060

IF (ZRIN.LT.1.0) GO TO 640 A 2070

63
630 GP(NP,I)=0.0 A 2080

GO TO 650 A 2090

640 CALL SPOL (ZRIN ,ZP , DIN( 1 , NP) , LPMAX, ICALL , ANS) A 2100

IF (ANS. LT. 0.0) GO TO 630 A 2110

GP(NP,I)=TP(NP)*ANS/RINP(NP) A 2120

650 CONTINUE A 2130

660 CONTINUE A 2140

EMINEL=ALOG(EMINE) A 2150

DEE=(ALOG(EMAXE)-EMINEL)/FLOAT(NPTSE-l) A 2160

DELE=DEE/3.0 A 2170

ICALL=1 A 2180

DO 670 NE=1,NPTSE A 2190

TEL(NE)=EMINEL+FLOAT(NE-l)*DEE A 2200

TE(NE)=EXP(TEL(NE)) A 2210

CALL SPOL (TEL(NE),ER, RE, KMAX, ICALL, ANS) A 2220

670 RINE(NE)=EXP(ANS) A 2230

DO 820 N = l,2 . A 2240

DO 710 L=1,LEMAX A 2250

ICALL=1 A 2260

DO 700 NE=1,NPTSE A 2270

IF (TEL(NE).LT.EE(MEMAX)) GO TO 680 A 2280

DIN(L,NE)=DE(MEMAX,L,N) A 2290

GO TO 700 A 2300

680 IF (TEL(NE).GT.EE(D) GO TO 690 A 2310

DIN(L,NE)=DE(1,L,N) A 2320

GO TO 700 A 2330

690 CALL SPOL ( TEL (NE) , EE, DE( 1 , L , N) ,MEMAX, ICALL , DIN( L , NE)

)

A 2340

700 CONTINUE A 2350

710 CONTINUE A 2360

DO 750 NE=1,NPTSE A 2370

ICALL=1 A 2380

DO 740 I=1,IMAX A 2390

ZRIN=Z(I)/RINE(NE) A 2400

IF (ZRIN. LT. 1.0) GO TO 730 A 2410

720 GE(NE,I,N)=0.0 A 2420

GO TO 740 A 2430

730 CALL SPOL (ZRIN , ZE, DIN ( 1 , NE) , LEMAX, ICALL , ANS) A 2440

IF (ANS. LT. 0.0) GO TO 720 A 2450

GE(NE,I,N)=TE(NE)*ANS/RINE(NE) A 2460

740 CONTINUE A 2470

750 CONTINUE A 2480

DO 790 L=1,LBMAX A 2490

ICALL=1 A 2500

DO 780 NE=1,NPTSE A 2510

IF (TEL(NE).LT.EB(MBMAX)) GO TO 760 A 2520

DIN(L,NE)=DB(MBMAX,L,N) A 2530

GO TO 780 A 2540

760 IF (TEL(NE).GT.EB(D) GO TO 770 A 2550

DIN(L,NE)=DB(1,L,N) A 2560

GO TO 780 A 2570

770 CALL SPOL (TEL ( NE) , EB , DB( 1 , L , N) ,MBMAX, ICALL , DIN( L , NE)

)

A 2580

780 CONTINUE A 2590

790 CONTINUE A 2600

DO 810 NE=1,NPTSE A 2610

ICALL=1 A 2620

DO 800 I=1,IMAX A 2630

ZBIN=ALOG(Z(I)/TE(NE)) A 2640

CALL SPOL (ZBIN,ZB,DIN(1,NE),LBMAX, ICALL, ANS) A 2650

800 GB(NE,I,N)=TE(NE)*EXP(ANS) A 2660

810 CONTINUE A 2670

820 CONTINUE A 2680

830 PRINT 840 A 2690

840 FORMAT CI') A 2700

PRINT 850 A 2710

850 FORMAT CO' ) A 2720

READ (5,860, END=1420) A 2730

FRINT 860 A 2740

860 FORMAT (72H A 2750

1 ) A 2760

PRINT 870 A 2770

64
870 FORMAT ('OJSMAX JPMAX JEMAX EUNIT TINTER') A 2780

READ 880, JSMAX, JPMAX, JEMAX, EUNIT, TINTER A 2790

PRINT 880, JSMAX, JPMAX, JEMAX, EUNIT, TINTER A 2800

880 FORMAT ( 316

1P2E12 . 5

A 2810

IF (TINTER. LE. 0.0) TINTER=1.0 A 2820

DELTAS=RADCON*DELP/4.0 A 2830

DELTAP=TINTER*RADCON*DELP/4.0 A 2840

DELTAE=TINTER*RADCON*DELE/4.0 A 2850

IF (EUNIT. LE. 0.0) EUNIT=1.0 A 2860

IS0L=2 A 2870

IF (JSMAX. LT. 3) GO TO 900 A 2880

ISOL=l A 2890

PRINT 140 A 2900

READ 60, (EPS(J),J=1, JSMAX) A 2910

PRINT 60, (EPS(J),J=1, JSMAX) A 2920

PRINT 890 A 2930

890 FORMAT COSOLAR PROTON SPECTRUM (/ENERGY/CM2) ' ) A 2940

READ 60, (S(J),J=1, JSMAX) A 2950

PRINT 60, (S(J),J=1, JSMAX) A 2960

CALL SPECTR (JSMAX, EPS , S, EUNIT , DELP, NLENS ,TP(NFSTS ), TPL (NFSTS) , SOL A 2970

KNFSTS)) A 2980

900 ITRP=2 A 2990

IF (JPMAX. LT. 3) GO TO 920 A 3000

ITRP=1 A 3010

PRINT 140 A 3020

READ 60, (EPS(J),J=1, JPMAX) A 3030

PRINT 60, (EPS(J),J=1, JPMAX) A 3040

PRINT 910 A 3050

910 FORMAT ('OTRAPPED PROTON SPECTRUM (/ENERGY/CM2/TIME) 'A 3060

READ 60, (S(J),J=1, JPMAX) A 3070

PRINT 60, (S(J),J=1, JPMAX) A 3080

CALL SPECTR (JPMAX, EPS , S , EUNIT , DELP ,NLENP, TP(NFSTP) , TPL (NFSTP) , SPG A 3090

KNFSTP)) A 3100

920 ILEC=2 A 3110

IF (JEMAX. LT. 3) GO TO 940 A 3120

ILEC=1 A 3130

PRINT 140 A 3140

READ 60, (EPS(J),J=1, JEMAX) A 3150

PRINT 60, (EPS(J),J=1, JEMAX) A 3160

PRINT 930 A 3170

930 FORMAT ('OELECTRON SPECTRUM (/ENERGY/CM2/TIME) '

A 3180

READ 60, (S(J),J=1, JEMAX) A 3190

PRINT 60, (S(J),J=1, JEMAX) A 3200

CALL SPECTR (JEMAX, EPS , S, EUNIT , DELE, NPTSE, TE, TEL , SEG) A 3210

940 GO TO (980,950), ISOL A 3220

950 DO 960 NP=NFSTS,NLSTS A 3230

960 SOL(NP)=0.0 A 3240

DO 970 J = l,2 A 3250

DO 970 I=1,IMAX A 3260

970 DOSOL(I,J)=0.0 A 3270

GO TO 1010 A 3280

980 DO 1000 I=1,IMAX A 3290

DO 990 NP=NFSTS,NLSTS A 3300

990 G(NP)=SOL(NP)*GP(NP,I) A 3310

CALL INT (DELTAS, G(NFSTS), NLENS, DOSOL(I,D) A 3320

1000 CONTINUE A 3330

CALL SPHERE (ZL , DOSOL ( 1 , 1 ) , IMAX, DOSOL( 1 ,2 )A 3340

1010 GO TO (1050,1020), ITRP A 3350

1020 DO 1030 NP=NFSTP,NLSTP A 3360

1030 SPG(NP)=0.0 A 3370

DO 1040 J=l,2 A 3380

DO 1040 1=1, IMAX A 3390

1040 DOSP(I,J)=0.0 A 3400

GO TO 1080 A 3410

1050 DO 1070 1=1, IMAX A 3420

DO 1060 NP=NFSTP,NLSTP A 3430

1060 G(NP)=SPG(NP)*GP(NP,I) A 3440

CALL INT (DELTAP,G(NFSTP),NLENP,DOSP(I,D) A 3450

1070 CONTINUE A 3460

CALL SPHERE (ZL , DOSP( 1 , 1 ) , IMAX, DOSP( 1 , 2)A 3470

65
1080 GO TO (1110,1090), ILEC A 3480

1090 DO 1100 J = l,2 A 3490

DO 1100 N=l,2 A 3500

DO 1100 I=1,IMAX A 3510

DOSE(I,N,J)=0.0 A 3520

1100 DOSB(I,N,J)=0.0 A 3530

GO TO 1160 A 3540

1110 DO 1150 N=l,2 A 3550

DO 1130 1 = 1, MAX A 3560

DO 1120 NE=1,NPTSE A 3570

G(NE)=SEG(NE)*GE(NE,I,N) A 3580

1120 SPG(NE)=SEG(NE)*GB(NE,I,N) A 3590

CALL INT (DELTAE,G,NPTSE,DOSE(I,N,l)) A 3600

CALL INT (DELTAE,SPG,NPTSE,DOSB(I,N,D) A 3610

1130 CONTINUE A 3620

GO TO (1150,1140), N A 3630

1140 CALL SPHERE (ZL

,

DOSE( 1 , N , 1 ) , MAX, DOSE( 1 , N, 2)

)

A 3640

CALL SPHERE (ZL , DOSB( 1 , N, 1 ) , MAX, DOSB( 1 , N, 2)

)

A 3650

1150 CONTINUE A 3660

1160 J = l A 3670

DO 1340 N=l,2 A 3680

GO TO (1170,1190), N A 3690

1170 PRINT 1180 A 3700

1180 FORMAT C1DOSE AT TRANSMISSION SURFACE OF FINITE ALUMINUM SLAB SHI A 3710

1ELDS') A 3720

GO TO 1210 A 3730

1190 FRINT 1200 A 3740

1200 FORMAT C1DOSE IN SEMI-INFINITE ALUMINUM MEDIUM') A 3750

1210 GO TO (1220,1240,1260,1280), IDET A 3760

1220 PRINT 1230 A 3770

1230 FORMAT CORADS AL*) A 3780

GO TO 1300 A 3790

1240 PRINT 1250 A 3800

1250 FORMAT CORADS H20') A 3810

GO TO 1300 A 3820

1260 FRINT 1270 A 3830

1270 FORMAT CORADS SI') A 3840

GO TO 1300 A 3850

1280 PRINT 1290 A 3860

1290 FORMAT CORADS SI-02') A 3870

1300 PRINT 1310 A 3880

1310 FORMAT CO Z(MILS) Z(MM) Z(G/CM2) ELECTRON BREMS A 3890

1 EL+BR TRP PROT SOL PROT EL+BR+TRP TOTAL') A 3900

PRINT 850 A 3910

DO 1330 1 = 1, MAX A 3920

DOSEB=DOSE(I,N,J)+DOSB(I,N,J) A 3930

DOSEBP=DOSEB+DOSP(I,J) A 3940

DOST=DOSEBP+DOSOL(I,J) A 3950

PRINT 1320, ZM(I),ZMM(I),Z(I),DOSE(I,N, J )

,

DOSB( I , N, J )

,

DOSEB, DOSP( I A 3960

l,J),DOSOL(I,J),DOSEBP,DOST A 3970

1320 FORMAT ( 0P3F11 . 3

,

1P7E1 1 . 3 ) A 3980

1330 CONTINUE A 3990

1340 CONTINUE A 4000

J=2 A 4010

N=2 A 4020

PRINT 1350 A 4030

1350 FORMAT Cll/2 DOSE AT CENTER OF ALUMINUM SPHERES') A 4040

GO TO (1360,1370,1380,1390), IDET A 4050

1360 PRINT 1230 A 4060

GO TO 1400 A 4070

1370 PRINT 1250 A 4080

GO TO 1400 A 4090

1380 PRINT 1270 A 4100

GO TO 1400 A 4110

1390 PRINT 1290 A 4120

1400 FRINT 1310 A 4130

PRINT 850 A 4140

DO 1410 1 = 1, MAX A 4150

DOSEB=DOSE(I,N,J)+DOSB(I,N,J) A 4160

DOSEBP=DOSEB+DOSP(I,J) A 4170

66
DOST=DOSEBP+DOSOL(I,J) A 4180

PRINT 1320, ZM(I),ZMM(I),Z(I),DOSE(I,N,J),DOSB(I,N,J),DOSEB,DOSP(I A 4190

l,J),DOSOL(I,J),DOSEBP,DOST A 4200

1410 CONTINUE A 4210

GO TO 830 A 4220

1420 STOP A 4230

END A 4240

SUBROUTINE SPECTR ( JMAX, EPS , S, EUNITDELTA , NPTS , T, TL ,SP) , 1 NOV 79.

SUBROUTINE SPECTR (JMAX, EPS , S , EUNIT , DELTA , NPTS, T, TL , SP)

DIMENSION . EPS(1),S(1),T(1),TL(1),SP(1),G(301)

IF (EPS(l).GT.O.O) GO TO 20

ALPHA=SC1)

BETA=S(2)

IF (BETA. LE. 0.0) BETA=1.0

BETA=BETA/ALPHA

DO 10 N=1,NPTS

SP(N)=T(N)*BETA*EXP(-T(N)/ALPHA)

10 G(N)=T(N)*SP(N)

GO TO 50

20 DO 30 J=1,JMAX

EPS(J)=ALOG(EPS(J))

30 S(J)=ALOG(EUNIT*S(J))

ICALL=1

DO 40 N=1,NPTS

CALL SPOL (TL(N), EPS, S, JMAX, ICALL,ANS)

SP(N)=T(N)*EXP(ANS)

40 G(N)=T(N)*SP(N)

50 CALL INT (DELTA, SPNPTS , SIN)

CALL INT (DELTA, G, NPTS, EBAR)

EBAR=EBAR/SIN

PRINT 60

60 FORMAT CO INT SPEC EAV(MEV)')

PRINT 70, SIN, EBAR

70 FORMAT ( 1PE12 . 4, 0PF12 . 5)

RETURN

END

SUBROUTINE SPOL (S ,X, Y, N, IN , T ) , 15 JAN 71.

SUBROUTINE SPOL ( S ,X, Y, N , IN , T)

CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION WITH PARABOLIC RUNOUT

DIMENSION X(1),Y(1),E(101),U(101)

GO TO (10,50), IN

10 IN=2

N1=N-1

E(l)=1.0

U(1)=0.0

B1=X(2)-X(1)

C1=(Y(2)-Y(1))/B1

DO 20 J=2,N1

B2=X(J+1)-X(J)

C2=(Y(J+1)-Y(J))/B2

B=X(J+1)-X(J-1)

D=(C2-C1)/B

C=B1/B

B1=B2

C1=C2

P=C*E(J-l)+2.0

E(J)=(C-1.0)/P

20 U(J)=(D-C*U(J-1))/P

E(N)=U(N1)/(1.0-E(ND)

DO 30 KK=1,N1

K=N-KK

30 E(K)=E(K)*E(K+1)+U(K)

B 10

B 20

B 30

B 40

B 50

B 60

B 70

B 80

B 90

B 100

B 110

B 120

B 130

B 140

B 150

B 160

B 170

B 180

B 190

B 200

B 210

B 220

B 230

B 240

B 250

B 260

B 270

B 280

B 290

C 10

C 20

C 30

C 40

C 50

C 60

C 70

C 80

C 90

C 100

C 110

C 120

C 130

C 140

C 150

C 160

C 170

C 180

C 190

C 200

c 210

c 220

c 230

c 240

c 250

c 260

67
IF (X(l).GT.X(N)) GO TO 40

IDIR=0

MLB = MUB=N

GO TO 50

40 IDIR=1

MLB = N MUB = 50 IF (S.GE.X(MUB+IDIR)) GO TO 90

IF (S.LE.X(MLB+1-IDIR)) GO TO 100

ML=MLB

MU=MUB

GO TO 7 60 IF (IABS(nU-ML).LE.l) GO TO 110

70 NAV=(ML+MU)/2

IF (S.LT.X(MAV)) GO TO 80

ML=MAV

GO TO 60

80 MU=MAV

GO TO 60

90 MU=MUB+2XIDIR

GO TO 120

100 MU=MLB+2x(l-IDIR)

SUBROUTINE INK DELTA , G, N

,

RESULT ) , (N = l).

SUBROUTINE INT ( DELTA, G, N

,

RESULT ) DIMENSION G(l)

NL1=N-1

NL2=N-2

IF (FLOAT(N)-2.0*FLOAT(N/2)) 90,90,10

10 IF (N-l) 20,20,30

20 SIGMA=0.0

GO TO 80

30 IF (N-3) 40,40,50

40 SIGMA=G(1)+4.0*G(2)+G(3>

GO TO 80

50 SUM4=0.0

DO 60 K=2,NL1,2

60 SUM4=SUM4+G(K)

SUN2=0.0

DO 70 K=3,NL2,2

70 SUM2=SUM2+G(K)

SIGMA=G(1)+4.0*SUM4+2.0*SUM2+G(N)

80 RESULT=DELTA*SIGMA

RETURN

90 IF (N-2) 100,100,110

100 SIGriA = 1.5*(G(l) + G(2))

GO TO 80

110 IF (N-4) 120,120,130

120 SIGMA=1.125*(G(1)+3.0*G(2)+3.0*G(3)+G(4))

GO TO 80

130 IF (N-6) 140,140,150

14 SIGMA=G(1)+3.875*G(2)+2.625*G(3)+2.625*G(4)+3.875*G(5)+G(6)

GO TO 8 150 IF (N-8) 160,160,170

16 SIGHA=G<l)+3.875*G(2)+2.625*G(3)+2.625*G(4)+3.875*G(5)+2.0*G<6)+4

10*G(7)+G(8)

GO TO 80

170 SIG6=G(1)+3.875*G(2)+2.6 25*G(3)+2.625*G(4)+3.875*G(5)+G(6)

SUH4=0.0

DO 180 K=7,NL1,2

180 SUM4=SUM4+G(K)

SUM2=0.0

DO 190 K=8,NL2,2

190 SUM2=SUM2+G(K)

SIGMA=SIG6+G(6)+4.0XSUM4+2.0«SUM2+G(N)

GO TO 80

END

c 270

c 280

c 290

c 300

c 310

c 320

c 330

c 340

c 350

c 360

c 370

c 380

c 390

c 400

c 410

c 420

c 430

c 440

c 450

c 460

c 470

c 480

c 490

D 10

D 20

D 30

D 40

D 50

D 60

D 70

D 80

D 90

D 100

D 110

D 120

D 130

D 140

D 150

D 160

D 170

D 180

D 190

D 200

D 210

D 220

D 230

D 240

D 250

D 260

D 270

D 280

D 290

D 300

D 310

D 320

D 330

D 340

D 350

D 360

D 370

D 380

D 390

D 400

D 410

D 420

D 430

D 440

68
10

20

30

40

50

SUBROUTINE SPHERE (ZL , DOSE, IMAX, DOSPH) , 30 AUG 79

SUBROUTINE SPHERE (ZL , DOSE, IMAX, DOSPH

DIMENSION ZL(l),DOSE(l),DOSL(50),DERV(50),DO5PH(l)

DO 10 1=1, IMAX

IF (DOSE(I).LE.O.O) GO TO 20

DOSL(I)=ALOG(DOSE(D)

I=IMAX+1

IMIX=I-1

IF (IMIX.LT.3) GO TO 40

CALL SPLDRV (ZL , DOSL , DERV , IMIX)

DO 30 1=1, IMIX

DOSPH(I)=DOSE(I)*(1.0-DERV(I))

IMIX1=IMIX+1

IF (IMIX1.GT.IMAX) RETURN

DO 50 I=IMIX1,IMAX

DOSPH(I)=0.0

RETURN

END

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

l<+0 150

160

170

180

10

20

SUB

SUB

CUB

DIM

Nl = E(l

U(l

Bl = Cl = DO

B2 = C2 = B=X

D=(

C = B Bl = Cl = P = C E(J

U(J

E(N

DO

K=N

E(K

B2

U(K

CON

U(N

RET

END

ROUTI

ROUTI

IC SP

U CON

ENSIO

N-l

)=1.0

) = 0.0

X(2)-

(Y(2)

10 J

= X(J + 1 (Y(J + (J + l)

C2-C1

1/B

B2

C2

*E(J-

) = (C-

) = (D-

)=U(N

20 KK

-KK

) = E(K

XCK + 1

) = (Y(

TINUE

) = (Y(

URN

NE SPLDRV (X,Y,U,N), 28 AUG 79

NE SPLDRV (X,Y,U,N)

LINE WITH PARABOLIC RUNOUT.

TAINS DERIVATIVES AT KNOTS

N X(1),Y(1),E(101),U(1)

XC1)

-Y(1))/B1

2,N1

)-X(J)

1)-Y(J))/B2

-X(J-l)

)/B

D + 2.0

1.0)/P

C*U(J-1))/P

1)/(1.0-E(ND)

=1,N1

)*E(K+1)+U(K)

)-X(K)

K+1)-Y(K))/B2-B2X(2.0XE(K)+E(K+D)

N)-Y(N1))/B2+B2X(2.0XE(N)+E(ND)

F 10

F 20

F 30

F 40

F 50

F 60

F 70

F 80

F 90

F 100

F 110

F 120

F 130

F 140

F 150

F 160

F 170

F 180

F 190

F 200

F 210

F 220

F 230

F 240

F 250

F 260

F 270

F 280

F 290

F 300

F 310

69
U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. TN 1116

2.t3ov'L AcCBSston No,

-• m

_

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. Publication Date

SHIELDOSE: A Computer Code for Space-Shielding Radiation

Dose Calculations

May 1980

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

Stephen Seltzer

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

!«. Pro|8ct/task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, city, state, ZIP) Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Va. 22217

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771

13. Type of Report & Period Covered Final

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

|

| Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less (actual summary ot moat significant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or

literature survey, mention it here.)

A computer code, SHIELDOSE, has been developed for the calculation of

absorbed dose as a function of depth in aluminum shielding material of

spacecraft, given the electron and proton fluences encountered in orbit.

Absorbed dose, for small volumes of the detector materials Ail, HL0, Si, and

SiOp, is evaluated in three geometries: (1) in a semi-infinite plane medium,

(2) at the transmission surface of a finite-thickness slab, and (3) at the

center of a solid sphere. Use of the code is described, and an extensive set

of monoenergetic depth-dose data for the various detector materials and

geometries is tabulated.

17. KEY WORDS (sin to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name;

separated by semicolons) Computer code; depth-dose data; electrons; electron bremsstrahlung; protons;

space shielding.

18. AVAILABILITY [£} Unlimited

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

|y~l Order From Sup. of Doc, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402,

Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

X

UNCLASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

21. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

72

22. Price

$3.75

USCOMM-DC

OU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980 311-046/57 1-3
NBS TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

PERIODICALS

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH—The Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards reports NBS research and develop- ment in those disciplines of the physical and engineering sciences in which the Bureau is active. These include physics, chemistry,

engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Papers cover a broad range of subjects, with major emphasis on measurement

methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization. Also included from time to time are survey articles on topics

closely related to the Bureau's technical and scientific programs. As a special service to subscribers each issue contains complete

citations to all recent Bureau publications in both NBS and non- NBS media. Issued six times a year. Annual subscription: domestic

$17; foreign $21.25. Single copy, $3 domestic; $3.75 foreign. NOTE: The Journal was formerly published in two sections: Section A "Physics and Chemistry" and Section B "Mathematical

Sciences." DIMENSIONS/NBS—This monthly magazine is published to in- form scientists, engineers, business and industry leaders, teachers,

students, and consumers of the latest advances in science and

technology, with primary emphasis on work at NBS. The magazine

highlights and reviews such issues as energy research, fire protection, building technology, metric conversion, pollution abatement,

health and safety, and consumer product performance. In addition, it reports the results of Bureau programs in measurement

standards and techniques, properties of matter and materials, engineering standards and services, instrumentation, and

automatic data processing. Annual subscription: domestic $11;

foreign $13.75. NOIMPERIODICALS

Monographs—Major contributions to the technical literature on

various subjects related to the Bureau's scientific and technical activities. Handbooks—Recommended codes of engineering and industrial

practice (including safety codes) developed in cooperation with in- terested industries, professional organizations, and regulatory

bodies. Special Publications—Include proceedings of conferences sponsored by NBS, NBS annual reports, and other special publications

appropriate to this grouping such as wall charts, pocket cards, and

bibliographies. Applied Mathematics Series—Mathematical tables, manuals, and

studies of special interest to physicists, engineers, chemists,

biologists, mathematicians, computer programmers, and others engaged in scientific and technical work.

National Standard Reference Data Series—Provides quantitative data on the physical and chemical properties of materials, compiled from the world's literature and critically evaluated. Developed under a worldwide program coordinated by NBS under

the authority of the National Standard Data Act (Public Law

90-396).

NOTE: The principal publication outlet for the foregoing data is the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (JPCRD)

published quarterly for NBS by the American Chemical Society

(ACS) and the American Institute of Physics (AIP). Subscriptions,

reprints, and supplements available from ACS, 1 155 Sixteenth St., NW, Washington, DC 20056.

Building Science Series—Disseminates technical information developed at the Bureau on building materials, components,

systems, and whole structures. The series presents research results,

test methods, and performance criteria related to the structural and

environmental functions and the durability and safety characteristics of building elements and systems.

Technical Notes—Studies or reports which are complete in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a subject. Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the subject area. Often serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NBS under the sponsorship of other government agencies.

Voluntary Product Standards—Developed under procedures

published by the Department of Commerce in Part 10, Title 15, of

the Code of Federal Regulations. The standards establish nationally recognized requirements for products, and provide all concerned interests with a basis for common understanding of the

characteristics of the products. NBS administers this program as a supplement to the activities of the private sector standardizing

organizations. Consumer Information Series—Practical information, based on NBS research and experience, covering areas of interest to the con- sumer. Easily understandable language and illustrations provide

useful background knowledge for shopping in today's tech- nological marketplace. Order the above NBS publications from: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Order the following NBS publications—FIPS and NBSIti 's—from

the National Technical Information Services, Springfield, VA 22161

Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS

PUB)—Publications in this series collectively constitute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register. The Register

serves as the official source of information in the Federal Govern- ment regarding standards issued by NBS pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended.

Public Law 89-306 (79 Stat. 1127), and as implemented by Executive Order 11717(38 FR 12315, dated May 11, 1973) and Part 6 of Title 15 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations).

NBS Interagency Reports (NBSIR)—A special series of interim or

final reports on work performed by NBS for outside sponsors

(both government and non-government). In general, initial dis- tribution is handled by the sponsor; public distribution is by the National Technical Information Services, Springfield, VA 22161,

in paper copy or microfiche form.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES

The following current-awareness and literature-survey bibliographies

are issued periodically by the Bureau:

. Cryogenic Data Center Current Awareness Service. A literature sur- vey issued biweekly. Annual subscription: domestic $25; foreign

$30. Liquefied Natural Gas. A literature survey issued quarterly. Annual

j subscription: $20.

Superconducting Devices and Materials. A literature survey issued

quarterly. Annual subscription: $30. Please send subscription or- ders and remittances for the preceding bibliographic services to the National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Data Center (736) Boulder, CO 80303.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC. 20234

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

Penalty for Private Use, $300

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COM—215

SPECIAL FOURTH-CLASS RATE BOOK