ATLANTA TOWER (ATL)

RANKINGS—Among the 226 terminal ATC facilites, 21st in total operations, 7th in instrument
operations, and 17th in instrument approaches.

GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days

0000-0800
1600-0000
0800-1600
1600-0000
0800-1600
0000-0800

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—No significant exceptions.
DAYS OF F—Changed every 12 weeks, moving 1 day backwards, as shown in the following example:

HN wNwH
Anna anan

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

--- XXOOXXX XXOOXXX XOOXXXXK XOOXXXxX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX
- --XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXKX OOXXXxXx
CC____- OOXXXXX OOXXXKXX OOXXXXX OXXXxXxO OXXXXXO OXXXKXO

AA.

AA—Controller whose days off changed from Tuesday & Wednesday to Monday & Tuesday
BB—Controller whose days off changed from Monday & Tuesday to Sunday é& Monday
CC—Controller whose days off changed from Sunday & Monday to Sunday é& Saturday
X-—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—20%

Appendix A. 20


APPENDIX E

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Figure E1.—Time Between Shifts by Centers—Preshift.



too
30

—3 PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

POST - SHIFT SYMPTOMS

- ALL FACILITIES

—-- PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

ALL FACILITIES

SHIFT SYMPTOMS ~

POST-

SWOLdWAS 3O LN39YAd

Fioure D9.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Buffalo Tower).

39

Appendix D



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Appendix E 48

Ficure E6.—Time Between Shifts by Type of Facility—Postshift.




MILWAUKEE TOWER (MKE)
RANKINGS—53rd in total operations, 33rd in instrument operations, and 25th in instrument

approaches.
GENERAL SCHEDULE—Primary Group
Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
3 1500-2300 1
3 1600-0000 1
2 0700-1500 1
2 0800-1600 1
1 0000-0800 1
SPECIFIC SCHEDULE—Secondary Group
i) 2 0 0 2 3 3
M 0 3 2 2 0 3
T 1 3 2 0 2 0
Ww 1 3 2 i} 2 0
T 1 3 2 3 2 2
F 1 3 0 3 0 2
iS) 0 0 2 3 3 2

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—40% of those in the primary group worked Shift 2 the final day
of the work week; all personnel in the primary group rotated through that assignment.

DAYS OFF—Within the primary group days off changed every 4 weeks, moving 1 day forward, as
shown in the following eeample:

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

XXOOXXX XXOOXXXK XXOOXXK XXXOOXXK XXXOOXX XXXOOXX

X—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off
Within the secondary group days off are shown in the specific schedule, indicated by the figure “0”

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—14%

Appendix A 24


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Fieure E2.—Time Between Shifts by Centers—Postshitt.


TABLE 2

Enroute and Terminal Air Traffic Activity for Fiscal Year 1961

Aircraft Handled Departures Overs
Centers ¢
Rank | Number | Rank | Number | Rank | Number

4 490, 035 5 167, 168 2 155,699
5 489, 153 4 180,345 5 128, 463
6 409, 543 6 159, 570 13 90, 403
7 383, 546 lt 128, 149 6 127,248
8 375, 165 7 96,789 1 181,569
9 357, 230 10 184, 887 1b 87,456

Total Operations * | Instrument Operations *| Instrument Approaches ¢

Towers

Rank Number Rank Number Number | % of Total

Operations
19 216, 172 6 134, 285 11,932 5.51
25 187, 228 7 93,997 10, 848 5.79
116 95,148 47 42, 188 10, 032 10. 54
Philadelphia. 37 163, 438 rey 110, 729 12,075 7.38
Milwaukee 51 152, 673 42 46, 252 6, 952 4.55
Burlington- - 202 50, 865 52 37, 586 5, 229 10. 28

a—Enroute activity based on 37 facilities.

s—Total operations and instrument operations based on 240 facilities.
c—Instrument approaches based on 195 FAA approach control facilties.

gestions were obtained and were incorporated in
the makeup of the indexes. With these revisions,
the indexes were then printed on IBM cards that
were bound into preshift and postshift booklets.
A reproduction of the data-inventory deck com-
prises Appendix B.

The present study is concerned with responses
to 19 symptoms elicited on card 3 (Appendix B)
of the preshift booklet in reply to: “Check the
items you have experienced since your last duty
shift. If you haven’t experienced any of them,
check the item ‘none’.” The study is also con-
cerned with the responses to 17 of the 19 symp-
toms elicited on the fourth card (card 8, Ap-
pendix B) of the postshift booklet in reply to:
“Check the items you have experienced during
the shift you have just completed. If you haven't
experienced any of them, check the item ‘none’.”
It was assumed that the two additional symptoms
on the preshift card would not be experienced

during a shift. These symptoms were insomnia
and nightmares.

C. Procurement of Subjects—Following the
coordinative announcement of the survey by the
Director, Bureau of Air Traffic Management
(now called the Air Traffic Service), the chief
of each selected facility was contacted directly for
the purpose of making arrangements for a visit,
to his facility by the research team. Essentially,
these arrangements consisted of assembling on a
given scheduled day the evening watch teams and
any other available assistant and journeymen
controllers from 1500 to 1600 hours and the day
watch teams from 1600 to 1700 hours. The at-
tendance of only journeymen and assistant con-
trollers actually engaged in air traffic control was
requested and overtime pay for their attendance
was authorized by the Air Traffic Service. Of
course, limiting the briefings to the two sets of
watch teams meant that something less than 100%
of the ATCS personnel would be in attendance,



—} PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

£3 POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS
—-- PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS—ALL FACILITIES

POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS —ALL FACILITIES

SWO1LdWAS

JO .LNS0u3d

Figure D7.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Atlanta Tower).

37

Appendix D



BOSTON TOWER (BOS)

RANKINGS—29th in total operations, 14th in instrument operations, and 11th in instrument

approaches.
GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
1 0000-0800 5
3 1600-0000 5
2 0800-1600 5
3 1600-0000 5
2 0800-1600 5
1 0000-0800 5

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—No significant exceptions.
DAYS OFF—Changed every 10 weeks, moving 1 day backwards, as shown in the following example:

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

~ XXOOXXX XXOOXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX xXOOXXXX
XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX QOXXXXX
_.OOXXKXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OXXXXXO OXXXXXO OXXXXKXO

AA—Controller whose days off changed from Tuesday & Wednesday to Monday & Tuesday
BB—Controller whose days off changed from Monday & Tuesday to Sunday & Monday
CC—Controller whose days off changed from Sunday & Monday to Sunday & Saturday
X—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—20%

Appendix A 21



080 ow. Tie shit.
CARD 4 -— “

BB Circle the one number that comes closest to indicating how you feel right now.

' m 2—§ 3 4 5 xox mia eo

roma Ye =
Sener” robadled ech hah Fo

2g
Chk lth word in the flowing lit that describe how you fou it now. Be sr t check at lat on §
word. a
(12)___worried (16)___irritable (20)___anxious :

3

(13)___n edge (17)___fidgety (21)___tired |

{14)____uncomfortable _(18|____depressed (22)|___-drowsy
t

1 US atonss, UI aeuBiet (23) none, of these
rrresereeduunmsannnangansanaals aNEo waned Coueed AaaTTANBNTA REE CONERH MATT ANN RT ARS

Cc A RD 5 To be completed AFTER SHIFT 049 1 4 0

{Print all Information) ‘Conia Ne

Time Shift started__________ Time Shift ended ________—
‘Amount of Total Shit Time Spent on Position or Sector
More than 1/2 Between 1/2 and 1/4 Loss than Wa

Re

Positions or Sectors Worked rol time.

ay.

(3).
(4)
(5)
Compared to the usual traffic load for this time of the year, you feel that the traffic you handled today dur-

ing your Shift was: (Circle one number only)
12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

“uch Somewhat Wovnal Somewhor ach
ier

a Foswee her "
tires e sunanusnonenaxaanan sian wean ames CONS 044s BOHS STH 8 RH EO ME ME MORN TN IEEE TNE

3
3
5
5

CARD 6 049» =

| frrezes tae usual efficianey, vt well do you feel that you handled your duties during the first half
1 i

8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Sornecha ie mecha
‘aver Vial Boseer

Compared to your usual olficiency, how well do you feel that you handled your duties duri
pal et Your shit? (Circle one number ony) at you handled your dutiee during the second

(12) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Track Tanesier ae shat
tater Vaca! Bocce

Sometimes a Shift will be dull and boring. How would you rate the Shift you just completed? (Circle one q
number only) "

2 3 4
‘Sommewh re
ons “ots
2d CSOT EP MUNA NGM TART HHT ANON DDAEHI ANN COMOMTAERITAASATUMONROMSwO MME NN NERD

Figure B2.—Cards 4,5, and 6.

Appendix B QT



BURLINGTON COMBINED STATION/TOWER (BTV)

RANKINGS—169th in total operations, 54th in instrument operations, and 29th in instrument
approaches.

GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Controllers
Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
1 1600-0000 1
3 1600-0000 1
2 0800-1600 1
2 0800-1600 1
1 0000-0800 1
Assistant Controllers
3 1600-0000 5
2 0800-1600 5

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—No significant exceptions.
DAYS OFF—Changed every 4 weeks, moving 1 day backwards, as shown in the following example:

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

_-XXOOXXX XXOOXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX
~XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX
-.OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OXXXXXO OXXXXXO OxXxXXxXxoO

AA—Controller whose days off changed from Tuesday & Wednesday to Monday & Tuesday
BB—Controller whose days off changed from Monday & Tuesday to Sunday & Monday
CC—Controller whose days off changed from Sunday & Monday to Sunday & Saturday
X—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—Controllers: 20%
Assistant Controllers: 0

Appendix A 23



PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

(4) POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

-—-- PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS~ ALL FACILITIES

POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS-ALL FACILITIES

SAS RUA Ua ARIE RT

Ficure D8.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Boston Tower).

38

Appendix D


INDIANAPOLIS CENTER (IND)

RANKINGS—5th in the total aircraft handled, 6th in departures and arrivals, and 4th in over-flights.
GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
3 1600-0000 1
3 1600-0000 1
2 0800-1600 1
2 0800-1600 1
*] 0000-0800 1

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—*Shift 1 was worked by only one-third (approx) of the personnel
for an 8-week rotated period. The remaining two-thirds worked either the 2, 3, or J shift. This
latter shift was occasioned by a daily briefing held every day between 1400-1600 hours. Each
individual attended the briefing once a work week and to permit attendance, he was assigned to
work a 1400-2200 shift work day of the week.

DAYS OFF—Changed every 8 weeks, moving 1 day backwards, as shown in the following example:

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

-XXOOXXX XXOOXXX KXOOXXXXK XOOXXXX XOOXXXKX XOOXXXKX
-XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX OOXXKXxXx OOXXXXX OOXXXxx
--OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OXXXXxO OXXXXXO OXXxXxxO

AA_
BB_
cCc_

AA— Controller whose days off changed from Tuesday & Wednesday to Monday & Tuesday
BB—Controller whose days off changed from Monday & Tuesday to Sunday & Monday
CC—Controller whose days off changed from Sunday & Monday to Sunday & Saturday
X--Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—Less than 10%

Appendix A 18


by a high rate of shift-rotation frequency, has
the highest incidence of symptom days reported
and is closely followed by the Boston (65.0) and
Atlanta (67.9) Towers, which have a much lower
rate of shift-rotation frequency. At the other ex-
treme, we find Buffalo (44.4), which rotates
through the three work shifts at a low rate of
frequency. Milwaukee (57.5) and Philadelphia
(57.5), which fall in the midrange, are character-
ized, respectively, by a high and low rate of
shift-rotation frequency.

Finally, in comparing percentage of symptom
days for all centers (total center, 59.9%) against
percentage of symptom days for all towers (total
tower, 59.5%), very little difference is seen.

Equally interesting comparisons are provided.
by Figure 3, which presents the percentages of
symptom days reported postshift. First, with the
exception of Atlanta Center (—0.8%), all other
centers evidence an increase in percentage of
symptom days reported. Second, the greatest in-
crease occurs at the Ft. Worth Center (+10.5%),
which had the lowest preshift percentage, but
then the next greatest increase appears in the
case of the Boston Center (+8.0%), which had
close to the highest preshift percentage. Third,
and in contrast, the towers on the whole did not
exhibit any increase in percentage of postshift.
symptom days reported. Individually, the three
facilities, Buffalo (—2.49%), Milwaukee (—0.6%),
and Philadelphia (—10.0%), which had the low-
est preshift percentages, show slight to appreci-
able’ decrease in their respective percentages,
while the remaining three facilities, Burling-
ton (+0.5%), Boston (+6.3%), and Atlanta
(+64%), which had the highest percentages,
show slight to appreciable increase in percentage
of symptom days.

From the foregoing, it may be concluded that,
by itself, the rate of frequency with which per-
sonnel are rotate: chrough the three work shifts,
whether it be within a period of 1 week or within
a period of several weeks, does not account in any
convincing manner for the differences in the inci-
dence of symptoms characterizing the different
facilities.

C. Time Between Shifts—The isolation of this
factor for study was occasioned by the generally
expressed interest in the effects of the “quick-
turn-around”; ie., working a shift after having

had 8 hours or less of off-duty time since the
last work shift. Consequently, the amount of time
between successive shifts was obtained for each
subject and for each reporting (work) day, and
these periods of time were categorized as shown
by Figure 4. Then, for each category of time,
there was computed the percentage of days on
which one or more symptoms were reported by
the subjects who, also, had reported for work
after having had, for example, 8 hours or less
of off-duty time since their last work shift.

Figure 4, which presents both preshift and
postshift reports, shows that the highest incidence
of symptom days reported prior to the work
shift occurs when the period of time since the
last shift was 8 hours or less and, somewhat sur-
prisingly, that the next highest incidence occurs
when the period of time between shifts was
greater than 24 hours. In the case of the post-
shift reports, we would expect and, indeed, do
find that the greatest increase in the incidence
of symptom days occurs for the quick-turn-
around category.

The conclusion to be drawn from these data
is obvious: The quick-turn-around does engender
the highest incidence of symptom. reports.

To present in more detail the interactions be-
tween time between shifts and facility, the graphs
contained in Appendix E were compiled. Using
the graphs, one can study the incidence of symp-
toms attributable to each of the categories of
time between successive shifts for each of the
different facilities and type of facility.

IV. Discussion.

It was predicted that those facilities that ro-
tated their personnel through the three basic work
shifts most frequently would show the highest
incidence of reported symptoms. The prediction
was not confirmed; thus, it may be concluded
that on the basis of the data reported and for
the different shift schedules involved, no given
schedule possesses a comparative advantage.

Such a conclusion, however, cannot be regarded
as final because analyses of the remaining data
may yield findings at variance with what has
been reported thus far; of course, such subse-
quent findings may be of a confirmatory nature.

At any rate, if one can assume on the basis
of the reported findings that shift-rotation fre-


34.0

a
=
o
e
a
=
a
b
&
=
a
i
w
a
a

POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS - ALL FACILITIES

POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS-~ ALL FACILITIES

bkisenneccicennennereed

loo r

SWOLdWAS 40 LN39YAd

Frevre D5.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Indianapolis Center)

35

Appendix D



APPENDIX C

Cut Aeromedical Research ustitute

FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY
°.0. BOX 1082
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

This study is being conducted to obtain information on the physiological and psychological effects of shift, ot
watch, rotation. To obtain the data for the evaluation of the effects, you are being asked to complete short ques-

tionnaires before and after each shift and to keep a record of your temperature, meals, sleep,

and bowel movements.

This information will be sent directly to the Civil Aeromedical Research Institute and will never be seen by anyone

in your facility.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL YOUR ANSWERS BECOME A PART OF YOUR PERSONNEL FILE OR IN
ANY WAY AFFECT YOUR STATUS IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL WORK! THEY WILL BE KEPT IN THE FILES
OF THE CIVIL AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND BE USED FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY.

BEFORE SHIFT BOOKLET: These booklets are
to be completed at your facility before the start of
every shift. When youhave answered all the questions,
put the booklet in the attached envelope, seal it, and
give it to the Watch Supervisor or Coordinator for
mailing.

A control number has been printed at the top of
each card in the booklet. This number has been
assigned to you for the duration of the study and will
be printed on all the forms which you complete. When-
ever you complete a booklet or card, check the control
number to be sure that it is yours. If it is not your
number, cross it out and write in your number.

Whenever a time is requested, report it in terms
of 24-hour local time - - not Greenwich Mean Time
(Zebra Time).

AFTER SHIFT BOOKLET: This is similar to the
Before Shift Booklet and should be completed at your
facility immediately after coming off shift. When you
have answered the questions, seal it in the attached
envelope, and give it to the Watch Supervisor or
Coordinator for mailing.

WORD LISTS: There are two word lists with
each Before and After Shift Booklet. Using the word
list that does not have a green stripe at the top,
read each word and write down the first word that
comes to your mind after reading it. It doesn’t make
any difference what this word is--write it down. Go
through the list of words as rapidly as you can before
you start either a Before or After Shift Booklet. Then
put the word list in the envelope and complete the
booklet. When you have finished the booklet, read
each word on the word list with the green stripe at the
top and write down the first word that comes to your

30

mind. Since this is the samie list of words that you
read before completing the booklet, try to give the
Same response word that you gave the first time; but
if the first word that comes to mind is not the same
as the word that you gave the first time, it doesn’t
make any difference--write down the new word.

Please do not look back at the first word list at
any time to see what you wrote down. This is one
of the most important parts of the study but it will be
of no value if you look back at the first word list.

When you have finished the word list with the
green stripe at the top, put it in the envelope with
the booklet and the other word list, seal the envelope,
and give it to the Watch Supervisor or Coordinator for
mailing.

NUMBERING OF ENVELOPES AND BOOKLETS:
A number is printed in the upper left-hand corner of
the envelope attached to each booklet and in the upper
tight-hand corner of each booklet. All odd numbers
(1, 3, 5, ete.) are for Before Shift Booklets and forms;
all even numbers (2, 4, 6, etc.) are for After Shift
Booklets and forms. Since we are interested in the
effects of shift patterns over time, it is essential
that the booklets be completed in order. That is,
you should stare with the booklet having 1 on the
envelope and booklet before the shift; after the shift
the booklet with 2 on the envelope and booklet should
be completed; before the next shift the booklet with
the envelope marked 3 should be completed, and so
on, Always start a shift with a booklet having an odd
number on the envelope and booklet, follow it with
the next even numbzred envelope and booklet, and
continue throughout the study always keeping the
numbers in order.


facility. The names of those selected were then
given to the chief of the facility who, in turn,
notified the personnel concerned on the same or
following day. In most cases, the requirement
of filling out the data-inventory deck for 90
consecutive days was begun by the subjects on
the day of their next work shift. On days off,
only one card (see Temperature Card, Appendix
B) had to be completed. This was a card that, in
addition to periodic oral temperature readings,
required entries pertaining to sleep, medication,

etc. The numbers of those assistant and journey-
men controllers who volunteered and of those who
were selected are given in Table 4 for each
facility.

D. Characteristics of Subjects—A total of 300
subjects was selected. Of these, 292 began the
90-day survey, 278 continued for 30 days, 250
continued for 60 days, and 209 finished. Inspec-
tion of “drop-outs” by facility is provided by
Table 5.

TABLE 4

Distributions of Assistant and Journeyman ATCS Selected and Not Selected From Volunteers in Each Facility

Centers
Ft. Worth | Kansas City | Indianapolis | Cleveland Boston Atlanta
Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not
Sel. Sel. Sel. Sel. Sel. Sel.
Assistant. 3 il 5 7 0 6 0 14 6
22 24 39 28 i 29 0 21 16

Journeyman. -

Towers

Milwaukee

Burlington Boston Philadelphia Atlanta

Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not
Sel. Sel.

Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not | Sel. | Not
Sel. Sel. Sel. Sel.

Assistant__
Journeyman...

ry
as
on



but it was assumed that out of those attending,
the desired number of volunteers would be ob-
tained. Another assumption was that no signifi-
cant bias in the samples would result from con-
fining the briefings to only the day and evening
watch teams.

Upon the arrival of the research team at a
facility, the chief and his available staff were
briefed on the nature of the project and the po-
tential benefits to his facility. Subsequently, in
most instances, the research team was introduced
by the facility chief or his assistant to the as-
sembled personnel. Here, the purposes of the re-
search were again described with emphasis being
placed upon (1) the potential benefits to the
Agency, the facility, and the controller group;
(2) the dependence of the success of the research
upon the cooperation of working assistant and
journeymen controllers; (3) the dedication and
perseverance that a subject must have in order
to participate for the 90 days of the survey; and
(4) the completely confidential nature of all per-
sonal information collected during the project.

Following this, all the duties to be assumed
by the subjects were given, the use of the research
material was described and illustrated with large
replicas of the DID cards, and questions were
solicited and answered. Finally, the request for
volunteers was made.

Those who volunteered were asked to complete
a short questionnaire indicating name, age, GS

grade, time in grade, controller status (assistant,
journeyman, senior, shift supervisor), number of
years in each status level, and total amount of
service with the CAA/FAA. The volunteers were
then informed that the final selection of subjects
would be made from the information on the
questionnaire and that those selected would be
notified and, on the following day, could obtain
their initial packets of previously mailed research
materials from the office of the chief. They were
also informed that a Summary Instruction Sheet
(Appendix C) describing the use of the materials
was in the first packet and that additional ma-
terials would be mailed to each subject at his
home address.

Tn all, 792 ATCS’s were briefed. Of these, 432
(55%) volunteered. The numbers of those briefed
and of those who volunteered are given in
Table 3.

Since the number and the nature of volunteers
for the project could not be predicted in advance
and independent decisions had to be made for
each facility during the day it was visited, only
general considerations for subject selection could
be specified. These were that both assistant and
journeymen controllers would be selected and that
for each type of controller group an attempt
would be made to obtain a variety of age and
experience combinations.

Within this framework, the subjects were se-
lected from among those who volunteered at each

Tasrr 3
Numbers of ATCS Personnel Briefed and Volunteering by Facility
Facility Date Briefed Number Number Percent.
Briefed Volunteered Volunteered
Centers:

Fort Worth. _ 3/ 9/61 90 54 60 0
it 3/13/61 100 60 60.0
3/15/61 155 79 51.0
3/16/61 100 46 46.0

3/20/61 * 35 *
3/23/61 140 57 40.7
3/14/61 25 20 80.0
3/17/61 15 15 100.0
3/18/61 27 19 70.4

3/20/61 * 13 *
3/21/61 26 19 73.1
3/22/61. 30 15 50.0

* A total of 84 center and tower personnel met together for the Boston briefings. For the combined groups, the percentage of volun-

teers was 47.6.

4


KANSAS CITY CENTER (MKC)

RANKINGS—8th in the total number of aircraft handled, 10th in departures and arrivals, and 7th in
over-flights.

GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
3 1600-0000 1
3 1600-0000 1
2 0800-1600 1
2 0800-1600 1
1 0000-0800 1

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—With one exception, approximately 80% of personnel worked
Shift 1 for a 4 week rotated period while the remaining 20% worked a 1200-2000 shift. The
exception was a shift schedule which consisted of 4 consecutive weeks of either Shift2 or 3 and

which was rotated through all crews (8).
DAYS OFF—Changed every 4 weeks, moving 1 day backwards, as shown in the following example:

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

~XXOOXXX XXOOXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX xXOOXXXX
XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX
“OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OXXXXXKO OXXXXXO OXXXXxXO

AA-—Controller whose days off changed from Tuesday & Wednesday to Monday & Tuesday
BB Controller whose days off changed from Monday & Tuesday to Sunday & Monday
CC—Controller whose days off changed from Sunday & Monday to Sunday & Saturday
X—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—Less than 10%

Appendix A 19



Bl « Post-snitt symptoms

Pércent of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift.

Figure 1.

»

an \

100

3

° 2 ° eg 9°
i o 8 zt

SAV WOLdWAS 40 %

10

o7
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Om3>
4

Freure 2. Percent of Symptom Days by Facility—Preshift.



PHILADELPHIA TOWER (PHL)
RANKINGS—5ist in total operations, 15th in instrument operations, and 18th in instrument

approaches.
GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
1 0000-0800 6*
3 1600-0000 6
2 0800-1600 6
3 1600-0000 6
2 0800-1600 6
1 0000-0800 6

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—*Exceptions occurred as a consequence of the forward rotation of
days off. When days off were Sunday and Saturday of a given calendar week, personnel worked
5 consecutive days (Monday through Friday).

DAYS OFF—Changed every week, moving 1 day forward, as shown in the following example:

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS
XXXOOXX XXXXOOX XXXXxX00 OXXXXXO OOXXXXX XOOXXXX

X—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—20%

Appendix A. 25



AM 65-5

BIOMEDICAL SURVEY OF ATC FACILITIES
1. Incidence of Self-Reported Symptoms

George T. Hauty, Ph.D.
David K. Trites, Ph.D.
William J. Berkley

Approved by Released by
Stent A “MN o-hLe Ui dt Whe
Srantey R. Monuer, M.D. M. S. Wurrs, M.D.
Drrecror, CARI Feperat Air Surcron

March 1965

FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY

Office of Aviation Medicine
Civil Aeromedical Research Institute
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma





<8

HOURS

PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS
POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

9-16

HOURS

17-24
HOURS

53.4

55.9

>24
HOURS

0 10 =©20 = -30.—S—«40

+t t
50 60 70 80 90 100

PERCENT OF SYMPTOM DAYS

Fioure 4. Percent of Symptom Days by Time Between Shifts.

ized by the highest rate of frequency with which
days off were systematically changed (Table 1).
Briefly, the effect of this is twofold: At the
Buffalo and Philadelphia Towers, the ATCS re-
ceives periods of 3 and 4 consecutive days off
more frequently than does the ATCS at the other
facilities and, also more frequently, either one or
both of the weekend days are included in his
period of days off. This could be of some signifi-
cance since in our culture so much of the family
and social activities tend to be oriented around
the weekend. Possibly, then, the more frequent
opportunity to enjoy a normal off-duty life may
have a mitigative effect upon the symptoms con-
cerned, their causes, or both.

Finally, one additional aspect of the data raises
some intriguing, but presently unanswerable,

questions. If in Table 3 the three centers and
three towers having the largest ratio of volun-
teers to number briefed are identified and if their
symptom percentages in Figures 2 and 3 are
examined, we find that among the centers the
three having the highest volunteer percentages
also have the three lowest preshift symptom per-
centages. Similarly, among the towers the three
high-volunteer-rate towers have the lowest pre-
shift symptom percentages. With the exception
of the Fort Worth and Cleveland Centers, the
same statistically significant relationship between
volunteer percentage and symptom percentage is
found with postshift symptoms. Comparison of
the symptom percentages with the data inTable 5,
which indicates the percentages of individuals re-
maining in the study, showed similar trends.

10


=|

80 +

70 +

so 4
404

30-4

% OF SYMPTOM DAYS

A

Fiaure 8. Percent of Symptom Days by Facility—Postshift.

quency contributes little or nothing to the inci-
dence of symptoms for the different facilities,
then he is compelled to search for other
explanations.

As will be reported at a later date, experience
was substantially and positively related to the
incidence of the symptoms concerned. One possi-
bility, therefore, is that an unknown bias in the
selection of subjects at each or some of the facili-
ties might have been largely responsible for the
differences noted between them. For example,
the variations between the Buffalo and Burling-
ton facilities might be attributable to a prepon-
derance of subjects of short-term experience
having been selected at Buffalo and a preponder-
ance of subjects of long-term experience having
been selected at Burlington. The data, it is true,
reveal that the experience level for the centers is
lower than for the towers, but no systematic
difference in experience can be found for centers

alone or for towers alone. Experience, then, does
not seem to account for the differences between
facilities.

Let us consider next time between shifts and
the general finding that 8 hours or less between
shifts produced the highest incidence of reported
symptoms. Here, one asumption might be that
the shift-rotation schedule (or facility) generat-
ing the greatest frequency of quick-turn-arounds
would be effecting the highest symptom incidence.
Inspection of the data for the individual facilities
reveals this assumption to be extremely limited
and, therefore, of doubtful validity, in that it is
confirmed in the case of Burlington and clearly
contraindicated in the case of Kansas City.

Another explanation, although not of general
applicability, is one involving the scheduling of
days off. The Buffalo and Philadelphia Towers,
which showed the lowest incidence of reported
symptoms (Figures 2 and 3), are also character-



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Ficuze E4.—Time Between Shifts by Towers—Postshift.


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Fiaure D2.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Boston Center).

32

Appendix D


APPENDIX D

PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

o
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Ficure Di.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Atlanta Center).

31



Tasre 5

Drop-Outs
At End of First 30 Days | At End of First 60 Days At End of Survey
Number of
Facility Subjects Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative

N % N % N %
FTW Cen. _- 35. 2 57 3 8.6 13 37.1
35 2 5.7 4 11.4 5 14,3
35 6 W1 8 22.9 15 42.9
35 5 14.3 12 34.3 15 42.9
35. 4 11.4 10 28.6 16 45.7
35 4 11.4 6 W741 14, 40.0
15 0 0.0 1 6.7 1 6.7
15 0 00 0 0.0 1 6.7
18 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 W1
15 0 0.0 1 6.7 2 13.3
12 1 8.3 1 8.3 1 8.3
15 3 20.0 4 26.7 6 40.0
300 27 9.0 50 16.7 91 30.3

III. Results.

The design of the survey and consequent
analyses of the data permitted appraisal of the
significance of what are termed “main effects”
and their interactions. Again, because of the
volume of data, only those “main effects” that
reveal the differences attributable to facilities
(shift-rotation frequency) and to time between
shifts will be reported. Information pertaining
to the interactions is available in the appendixes.

A. Symptom Type and Incidence.—To deter-
mine the relative frequency with which each
symptom was reported, the reports of each symp-
tom made by all subjects and for all reporting
days were totaled and the representative percent-
ages computed. These are presented in Figure 1
for symptoms reported immediately prior to and
after the work shift. As might be expected, the
highest rates of incidence occur in the case of
those symptoms most likely to be judged as being
stress induced or related. The most notable ex-
ception seen is that of “aching or burning eyes,”
which was included in the checklist because of
its possible relevance to the requirements of the
work performed by controllers. To present the
rates of incidence of each symptom for each

facility, Figures D1 through D12 were prepared
(Appendix D).

B. Facilities Of the several methods for ap-
praising the differences in incidence of symptoms
between the different facilities, percentage of
symptom days provides an economical basis of
comparison. Figure 2 presents, for the preshift
reports, these percentages; i.e., the percent of the
total reporting days for which the subjects of
the facility reported one or more symptoms. In
the case of the centers, the percentages of symp-
tom days reported for the Ft. Worth (53.9),
Kansas City (56.4), and Indianapolis (56.5)
Centers are lower than for the Cleveland Center
(60.9) and substantially lower than for the
Boston (66.1) and Atlanta (66.4) Centers. The
interesting aspect of this finding is that the Ft.
Worth, Kansas City, and Indianapolis Centers
are also characterized by the highest rate of shift-
rotation frequency, whereas the Cleveland, Bos-
ton, and Atlanta Centers rotated through the
three work shifts at a much lower rate of
frequency (Table 1).

A gross exception to this finding and, addi-
tionally, far greater variance, exists for towers.
Here, Burlington (69.1), which is characterized


BUFFALO TOWER (BUF)

RANKINGS—129th in total operations, 37th in instrument operations, and 30th in instrument

approaches.
GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
1 0000-0800 5 or 6 days—alternating
3 1600-0000 5 or 6 days—alternating
2 0800-1600 5 or 6 days—alternating
3 1600-0000 5 or 6 days—alternating
2 0800-1600 5 or 6 days—alternating
1 0000-0800 5 or 6 days—alternating

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—Exceptions to the above occurred when Sunday or Saturday was
a day off. At those times personnel worked 5 days on, 2 off. That occurred for 4 consecutive
weeks, followed by 10 consecutive weeks given in the general schedule.

DAYS OFF—Changed every 2 weeks, moving 1 day forward. That is to say, days off changed from
Tuesday & Wednesday to Wednesday & Thursday. Exceptions occurred when Sunday or
Saturday was a day off, which occurred for 5 consecutive weeks.

TFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMT
OOX XXXXX00 OXXXXXO OXXXXXO XXxxxO0O OOXXXXX OOX

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—20%

Appendix A 22


—) PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

@ PosT-SHiFT SYMPTOMS

SHIFT SYMPTOMS — ALL FACILITIES
POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS~ ALL FACILITIES

—-- PRE-

SWOLdWAS JO .LN30Y3d

Fieure D11.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Milwaukee Tower).

41

Appendix D



2
=
°
i
a
=
>
a
b
“
x
a
1
w
c
a

SHIFT SYMPTOMS
SHIFT SYMPTOMS —

1
bE
Q
co}
a

ALL FACILITIES

POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS -ALL FACILITIES

---PRE-

100 -

30 -

SWOLdWAS 4O LN30u43d

Figure D12.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Philadelphia Tower).

Appendix D


CARD 7 aa —A40

being wound.up” or tight ater a Shift is quite usual. To what extent are you “wound-up” or “tight” right
now? (Circle one number on!

1 4 5

era aires
round ve vende

TB you had any effects trom a drug or medication which are not listed on the Temperature Card, please de.
you have not previously described them on another card.

SUNLUSNI HOWVISIY TW>!GWOWIY_ WAND

Tie Shit
‘Beaine

ems you have experienced during the Shift you have just completed. If you haven't ex-
y of them, check the item “none.”

(11)___headache (20)___difficulty in breathing
(12|___dizziness (21|____aching or burning eyes
{13}____constipation (22)____indigestion or heartburn
(14)___sweating (23)___difficulty staying awake
(15)__twitching muscles {24)____stiffness or body tensoness
(16)____poor appetite (25|____bothered by distracting noise
{(17)|____chest pains (26)___nausea or sick to your stomach
{18)___loose bowels (27|___asthma

! (19)____loss of temper (30)___none

HD de SCT ee MN ROMO T MANDAN NAD AA ANKE AT ANA RE KOE CUED ONS ETS ROH COMGAOMANT RDNA UNE

cai om “eat
le the one number that comes closest to indicating how you feel right now.

ay 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
oC ra Bane FG apt Peterlee

Check all the words in the following list that describe how you feel right now. Be sure to check at least one

ot (12)___worried (16)___irritable (20}___anxious

(13)___on edge (17|__fidgety (21)___tired

BINLUISNI HOWVESRY 2103-108 HAD

(14)___uncomfortable _(18)___depressed (22)___drowsy

dN susumnurunsnannsanand barat aw cnnecelQareatthanen sone Blawtens ght

Ficure B3.—Cards 7, 8, and 9.

Appendix B 28


Taste 1
Shift Rotation Schedules

Facility Rotation | Successive | Rotation | Days Off | Approx. % | Approx. % | Approx. %
Frequency Work Days | Pattern * | Change | of Mids | of Days | of Evenings
Atlanta Center (ATL) _._._. 3 Weeks 5 | 1,3, 2, 3, 2,| Unsched. | Contr: 13 43 43
1, 3, 2, 3, and Asst.
2, 2, 3, 2, | Infreq. Contr: 9 46 46
3,2, 1
Boston Center (BOS) --___ 3 Weeks 5 | 1, 8, 2, 3, 2,| Every 6 16 42 42
1. Weeks
Cleveland Center (CLE) 3 tod 5 | 1, 8,1, 3, 2,| Every 5 15 37 48
Weeks 3, 2, 3, 2, Weeks
1
Ft. Worth Center (FTW)..| 1 Week 5 | 3, 3, 2, 2, Every 4 10 50 40
le Weeks
Indianapolis Center (IND).| 1 Week 5 | 3,3,2,2, | Every 8 6 47 47
1é Weeks
Kansas City Center 1 Week 5 | 3,3,2,2, | Every 4 10 45 45
(MKC) — Le Weeks
Atlanta Tower (ATL).._.-| 3 Weeks 5 | 1, 3, 2, 3, Every 12 20 40 40
2,1. Weeks
Boston Tower (BOS) .._.- 3 Weeks 5] 1,3,2,3, | Every 10 20 40 40
21 Weeks
Buffalo Tower (BUF) _____ 3 Weeks | Alternating | 1,3, 2,3, | Every 2 20 40 40
5&6| 21. Weeks
Burlington Tower (BTV)__} 1 Week 5 | 3,3, 2,2,1 } Every 4 20 40 40
Weeks
Milwaukee Tower (MKE).| 1 Week 5 | 3, 3, 2, 2, Every 4 10 45 45
Vv Weeks
Philadelphia Tower (PHL)-| 3 Weeks 6 | 1, 3, 2, 3, Every 20 40 40
2,1. Week

a—l-mid shift, 2-day shift, 3-evening shift.

oI shift (Individual scheduling) : 1/3 worked the 1 shift while the remaining 2/3 worked the 2 or the 3 shift.

c—Every other week the final work day was spent on the 2 or the 3 shift.

a—The 1 shift was worked by only 1/3; the remaining 2/3 worked either the 2 or the 3 shift, or a shift between 1400 and 2200
hours.

e—About 10% worked 4 consecutive weeks on the 2 or 3 shift.

f Approximately 1/3 worked the same shift for one work week, changing shifts each week.

Finally, for the facilities concerned, the traffic
characteristics during the fiscal year in which the
survey was conducted have been extracted? and
are given in Table 2.

B. Development of the Data-Inventory Deck
(DID ).—Because of the additional work imposed
upon a working population by any survey and the
follow-up surveys likely to occur, the attempt is
usually made to achieve the greatest ratio of
data to cost-in-time for the subjects. Therefore,
it was decided to obtain a fairly complete, daily
inventory of psychophysiological indexes relating
to general health and well-being, job-induced
stress, behavioral habits such as times and dura-
tion of sleep, and the use of commonly prescribed
medications and their possible side effects. The

indexes were then constructed and scaled in such
a manner that the time required of the subject
to complete the inventories would be minimal.
These were next assembled into preshift and post-
shift inventories, and given a 1-week trial run
at the Oklahoma City RAPCON facility. Im-
mediately following this trial run, individual
critiques were held with each trial subject who
had been instructed to complete the preshift and
postshift inventories each day. The purpose was
to evaluate the comprehensibility of terminology,
completeness of instructions, ease of completing
the inventories, and to obtain whatever criticisms
and suggestions that the subjects might have to
offer. As a result of the interest and cooperation
of these personnel, invaluable criticisms and sug-




©

Appendix E

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Ficure E5.—Time Between Shifts by Type of Facility—Preshift.



APPENDIX A
ATLANTA CENTER (ATL)

RANKINGS—Among the 36 enroute traffic control centers, 4th in total aircraft handled, 4th in
departures and arrivals, and 6th in over-flights.

GENERAL SCHEDULE—
Controllers

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
0000-0800
1600-0000
0800-1600
1600-0000
0800-1600
0000-0800
1600-0000
0800-1600
1600-0000
0800-1600
or3 0800-1600 or 1600-0000
1600-0000
0800-1600
1600-0000
0800-1600
0000-0800

ENON wWNNWNWHNWN WHE
OO OT OT TTT TT TT

Assistant Controllers

0000-0800
1600-0000
0800-1600
1600-0000
0800-1600
1600-0000
0800-1600
3 or 2 1600-0000 or 0800-1600
2or3 0800-1600 or 1600-0000
2 0800-1600
1 0000-0800

NWN wD wr

ROT OL OT OT OT HO GT OT OF

13



FORT WORTH (FTW)

RANKINGS—11th in the total aircraft handled, 11th in departures and arrivals, and 13th in over-
flights.
GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days
3 1600-0000 5
3 1500-2300 1
2 0800-1600 1
2 0700-1500 1
“1 0000-0800 1

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—*Each team was placed in a category called “Extra” every other
week on its final work day and for this work day the members of this team were assigned to any

one of the following shifts: 0800-1600, 1000-1800, or 1400-2200.
DAYS OFF—Changed every 4 weeks, moving 1 day backwards, as shown in the following example:

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

XXOOXXX XXOOXXX XOOXXXX XOOXKXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX
XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX
OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OXXXXXO OXXXXXO OXXXXXO

AA-—Controller whose days off changed from Tuesday & Wednesday to Monday & Tuesday

BB—Controller whose days off changed from Monday & Tuesday to Sunday & Monday

CC—Controller whose days off changed from Sunday & Monday to Sunday & Saturday
X—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility

O—Day off
PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—Approximately 10 %

Appendix A 17



BIOMEDICAL SURVEY OF ATC FACILITIES
1. Incidence of Self-Reported Symptoms

I, Introduction.

Of the several factors that commonly character-
ize the work of the air traffic control specialist
(ATCS) in the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA),
shift rotation is afforded particular significance
in opinions repeatedly expressed by ATCS’s and
by relevant studies reported in the scientific litera-
ture. Accordingly, a survey was designed and
conducted to evaluate the differential effects upon
job-related health and well-being that might be
attributable to the different shift-rotation sched-
ules employed by various ATC facilities. Also
evaluated, because of their occasional relationship
to shift rotation, were the factors of time between
shifts, which ranged generally from 8 hours or
less to greater than 24 hours, exposure to ATC
shift-rotation schedules (i.e., controller experience
that, for the subject population studied, ranged
from less than 18 months to more than 16 years),
and chronological age.

Owing to the high volume of collected data,
a single report would have been particularly un-
wieldy. Consequently, the decision was made to
prepare several reports, each pertaining to one
or two major indexes of information. This re-
port, the first, has to do with a single index of
information—the responses to a Symptom Check
List that was completed by all subjects prior to

+ and immediately following the work shift and

that, for the most part, provides an indication
of the nature and incidence of common symptoms
induced by, or related to, everyday stress.

II. Methods.

A. Selection of Facilities —From the shift sched-
ules obtained from the ATC facilities in eastern,
southern, midwestern, and southwestern states
and on the basis of traffic volume reported for
fiscal year 1960,' six en route and six terminal
(tower) facilities were selected to provide the
subject population. In the case of shift-rotation
schedules, the principal criterion consisted of
rotation frequency; i.e. the number of days or

weeks required for a complete rotation through
Mid-Shift 1 (0000-0800), Day-Shift 2 (0800-
1600), and Evening-Shift 3 (1600-0000). The
underlying objective, of course, was to achieve
the maximum range of such frequency.

‘A secondary criterion was prompted by the
advantage likely to be provided by matching
facilities on the basis of shift-rotation schedules.
The advantage concerned would consist of the
opportunity for comparison of facilities on the
basis of other than shift rotation and, by per-
mitting the possible disclosure of differential
effects not attributable to shift rotation, would
insure the refinement of any conclusions concern-
ing shift rotation.

In the caso of traffic load, only those en route
facilities having a high traffic volume and only
those terminal facilities having a high volume
of instrument approaches were selected for con-
sideration. With respect to the latter, the de-
cision was based on the assumption that, in con-
trast to total traffic volume, volume of instrument
approaches is the more. valid measure of ATCS
workload since this imposes a more complex and
broader spread of work upon the operating posi-
tions. Additionally, the use of instrument ap-
proach volume as a criterion for selection was
expected to enhance the validity of comparisons
between towers and centers.

Identification and brief descriptions of the
pertinent characteristics of the shift-rotation
schedules of the facilities selected are given in
Table 1. A more detailed description of these
characteristics is provided by Appendix A.

‘As has been indicated, these characteristics
served as one basis for the selection of facilities.
Following the survey, the chiefs of the selected
facilities were queried about any changes in their
respective shift-rotation schedules that might
have taken place. No significant changes were
reported to have occurred.



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—-- PRE-SHIFT SYMPTOMS—ALL FACILITIES

ALL FACILITIES

POST-SHIFT SYMPTOMS

0
15

SWOLGWAS 4O .INS9Yad

Fieure D10.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Burlington Tower).

40

Appendix D



APPENDIX B
DATA-INVENTORY DECK

Cards request information ing your activities since your last Shift
To be completed BEFORE SHIFT mi AB —i§2—
CARD {Print all information)

' Date or Time Shift Begins. 1s this Shift regularly scheduled___or overtime 3|

g
g
Have you missed a regularly scheduled Shift since you last completed one of these forms? ves, No f

3|
If YES, how many shifts have you missed?_______Reason (Circle one) SICK AuNuAL OTHER :

"i you circled OTHER oF SICK, pli in brielly.

RO WHIDANS RTA BN aE Maw Nea Coded BHT DAN RT NHN COUaRT wR RITA AATWAS

CARD 2 en B0__ om gn

Bg 4S You remember it, after your last Shift did you unwind or relax:

le one number only)
(1) 4 5
Fair tan Ware doy
‘inal than onal

you went to sleep (the first time if more than once) when you went to bed follow:
‘one number only)

(12) _7 6 5 4 3 2 1
nach Somewhat Wo hacer omawhat
thon una arden han then one otter than

‘ul ‘al

Hit you had any

fects from a drug or medication which are not listed on the Temperature Card, please de-
scribe them her

AeA OES IOP ESeS SELECT ETT errr er yy COC Ere rErry

080 a. Tipe shit 169
ca Wa bok i

— Se

CARD 3

HH Check the items you have experienced since your last duty Shift. if you haven't experienced any of them,
check the item “none.”

(11)___headache (20}___difficulty in breathing
(12) lizziness (21|___aching or burning eyes
(13)___eonstipation (22|___indigestion or heartburn
{14)___sweating (23)____difticulty staying awake
(15)___twitching muscles (24) iffness or body tenseness
(16)____poor appetite (25)____bothered by distracting noise
(17|____chest pains {26)____nausea or sick to your stomach
(18}___loose bowels (27)___asthma

' (19). oss of t (28), it ia (30)____none

(29|___nightmar

91 a se }eaouennnannnnine

N22 CCT Fenn ROMS ET eRenDONSEr ADNAN ED KERDAReWeonend

Ficure B1.—Cards 1, 2, and 3.

26



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The success of this field survey must be attributed to the approval and
coordinative assistance of the Air Traffic Service, Washington, D. C., the
cooperation and assistance of the chiefs of the air traffic control facilities
selected, and to the diligent participation of the personnel of these facilities
who served as subjects and, thereby, voluntarily increased their daily work
load. Also to be acknowledged are the biometrics advice and assistance pro-
vided by Dr. Edward N. Brandt, Director, Biostatistical Unit and Medical
Research Computer Center, The University of Oklahoma Medical Center;
the technical services provided by Mr. Rollo S. Beebe, Statistical Officer,
Selection Section; and the editorial services provided by Mrs. Rachel R.
Graham, Branch Secretary, Psychology Branch. Finally, the cooperation of
the FAA Academy, which made possible the participation of Mr. William J.
Berkley, must likewise be gratefully acknowledged.

Qualified requestors may obtain Aviation Medical Reports from Defense Documentation
Center. The general public may purchase from Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and
Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151


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Ficure D6.—Percentage of Symptoms—Preshift and Postshift (Kansas City Center)

36

Appendix D


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Figure E3,—Time Between Shifts by Towers—Preshift.



TEMPERATURE CARD

re
wo BAY

‘Jinaasnn wowvasiy WoiaIMOUY_WAD

PERIOD COVERED BY THIS CARD: 0001-2400 DAT

Medicom Name Quniy Medecen Name

Tenia é
Initable Relaxed Drow

‘Tonse Fidgety Depresse:
luitable Relaxed Drowsy None
Tonze Fidgety Depro: 0 Padget Depies
ably Relaxed Drowsy luntable Relaxed

07580 ) Tense Fidgety Devi
one witty oo tall

Tenis Fidgoly Depressed Tense fidgety Depassed
table Relaxed Drowsy None Iitable Relaxed Drowsy Nove

Tense Fdgcty Depressed Tene Fao hod
lent Relaxed Drowsy None Irritable Re ‘Drowsy None
Tonto Fidgoty Depressed Tense Fidgoly Depresied
Inntable Relaxed Drowsy None wit “dD .

Tonse Fidgety Depressed
Initable Relaxed Orowsy Nore

Tense Fidgoty Deprosted
Invtable Rolazed Drowsy None

idasty Depressed Tense fidgety Deprossod
le Relaxed Drowsy None Insitable Relaxed Diowsy None

Depressed Tente Fidfjety Depressed
ble Related Drowsy Nene

“Fonse fidgety Depressed Tense Fidgoty Depressed
wey aed Drowsy Now

CA R D 3 | COORDINATOR'S OR SUPERVISOR'S CARD

Please complete the following card at the end of your shift for the positions or sectors which you supervised.

ur 7 Facility. Date.

Time shift started. oe Time shift ended —_________

Compared to the usual traffic load for this time of year, how would you the traffic handled during the shift? Use
fhefallowing scale for each sector or position which you supervised. Identify the sector er position where indicated
and give the appropriate numerical rating from the scale.

4 5 2 ‘
Wormal

°
ch
ahter

Peston or Sector 1D

JUNLUSN WOWNASRE_WoIGHONT HAD

Ficure B4.—Cards 10 (Front and Back) and 31.

Appendix B 29



These relationships between the incidence of rotation schedules and air-traffic-volume physical
symptoms and volunteer and participation per- facilities account for the differences in reported
centages suggest that variables other than shift- symptoms.

REFERENCES
1, Activities at Air Traffic Control Facilities, Fiscal Year 3. Menzer, W. Menchliche Tag-Nacht-Rhythmik und
1960. Schichtarbeit. Benno Schwabe Co., Basel/Stuttgart,
2. FAA Air Traffic Activity, Fiscal Year 1961. 1962.

a



CLEVELAND CENTER (CLE)

RANKINGS—10th in total aircraft handled, 17th in departures and arrivals, and 1st in over-flights.
GENERAL SCHEDULE—

Shifts Hours Consecutive Work Days

0000-0800
1500-2300
ae
1600-0000
0700-1500
1600-0000
0800-1600
1500-2300
0800-1600 ***
0000-0800

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS—*During 1 of every 10 weeks, the team was broken up and the
members were individually scheduled to work for a period of 5 consecutive days one of the fol-
lowing shifts: **0000-0800, 1600-0000, 0900-1700, or 1700-0100. ***For the first day of this
work week, the shift was 0700-1500.

DAYS OFF—Changed every 5 weeks, moving 1 day backwards, as shown in the following example:

MN wWNwWNw KOH
OO a rn

SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS

--XXOOXXX XXOOXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX
XOOXXXX XOOXXXX XOOXXXX OOXXXXx OOXXXXX OOXXXXx
-OOXXXXX OOXXXXX OOXXXXXK OXXXxxO OXXXXxXO OXXxXxxO

AA—Controller whose days off changed from Tuesday & Wednesday to Monday & Tuesday
BB—Controller whose days off changed from Monday & Tuesday to Sunday & Monday
CC—Controller whose days off changed from Sunday & Monday to Sunday & Saturday
X~—Assignment to one of the work shifts in use at the facility
O—Day off

PERCENTAGE OF MIDS—Approximately 13%

Appendix A 16