United States

Department of 

Agriculture

Forest Service

Northeastern 

Research Station

General Technical

Report NE-343

Methods for Calculating Forest 

Ecosystem and Harvested Carbon 

with Standard Estimates for 

Forest Types of the United States

James E. Smith

Linda S. Heath

Kenneth E. Skog

Richard A. Birdsey
Published by: For additional copies:

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Cover

Eric Fiegenbaum provided the cover artwork. 

Abstract

This study presents techniques for calculating average net annual additions to carbon in 

forests and in forest products. Forest ecosystem carbon yield tables, representing standlevel merchantable volume and carbon pools as a function of stand age, were developed for 

51 forest types within 10 regions of the United States. Separate tables were developed for 

afforestation and reforestation. Because carbon continues to be sequestered in harvested 

wood, approaches to calculate carbon sequestered in harvested wood products are included. 

Although these calculations are simple and inexpensive to use, the uncertainty of results 

obtained by using representative average values may be high relative to other techniques that 

use site- or project-specific data. The estimates and methods in this report are consistent with 

guidelines being updated for the U.S. Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program 

and with guidelines developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The CDROM included with this publication contains a complete set of tables in spreadsheet format.

The Authors

JAMES E. SMITH (jsmith11@fs.fed.us) is a research plant physiologist, USDA Forest 

Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, New Hampshire.

LINDA S. HEATH (Lheath@fs.fed.us) is a research forester/project leader, USDA Forest 

Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, New Hampshire.

KENNETH E. SKOG (kskog@fs.fed.us) is a research forester/project leader, USDA Forest 

Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.

RICHARD A. BIRDSEY (rbirdsey@fs.fed.us) is a program manager, USDA Forest Service, 

Northeastern Research Station, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania.

Manuscript received for publication 21 December 2005
Methods for Calculating Forest Ecosystem and Harvested 

Carbon with Standard Estimates for Forest Types of 

the United States

Contents

Preface ..............................................................................................................................ii

Introduction ......................................................................................................................1

Forest Ecosystem Carbon Tables ........................................................................................2

 Table 1.—Defi nitions ....................................................................................................3

 Table 2.—Example Yield Table ......................................................................................3

Tables for Harvested Wood Products Carbon ....................................................................5

Methods and Data Sources for Tables ................................................................................9

 Table 3.—Example Harvest Scenario Table ...................................................................9

Uncertainty .....................................................................................................................17

Conclusions ....................................................................................................................18

 Table 4.—Factors to Calculate Carbon in Growing-Stock Volume ..............................19

 Table 5.—Factors to Estimate Carbon in Roundwood ................................................21

 Table 6.—Disposition of Carbon in Industrial Roundwood ........................................22

 Table 7.—Factors to Estimate Carbon in Primary Wood Products ..............................35

 Table 8.—Fraction of Carbon in Primary Wood Products Remaining in End Uses .....36

 Table 9.—Fraction of Carbon in Primary Wood Products Remaining in Landfi lls .......38

 Table 10.—Confi dence Intervals for Carbon in Trees ..................................................40

Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................44

Literature Cited ...............................................................................................................44 

Appendix A: Yield Tables for Reforestation ......................................................................47

Appendix B: Yield Tables for Afforestation (Establishment on Nonforest Land) ..............99

Appendix C: Scenarios of Carbon in Forests and Harvested Wood Products .................151

Appendix D: Details on Development and Use of Tables ..............................................193
Preface

In 2002, President George W. Bush directed the Department of Energy and the 

Department of Agriculture to revise the system for reporting and registering reductions 

in greenhouse gas emissions. Increasing carbon sequestration by forests and harvested 

products is equivalent to reducing emissions, and represents a signifi cant opportunity for 

the private sector to voluntarily take action. Rules and guidelines are needed to provide a 

basis for consistent estimation of the quantity of carbon sequestered and emissions reduced 

by forestry activities, and can be used to determine the value of tradable credits. The value 

of registered carbon credits can provide increased income for landowners, support rural 

development, and facilitate sustainable forest management.

Many prospective reporting entities require information and decision-support software to 

evaluate prospects and develop plans for implementing forestry activities, and to estimate 

rates of carbon sequestration for reporting purposes. Estimating the quantity of carbon 

sequestered could be a diffi cult and expensive task, possibly requiring the establishment of 

a monitoring system based on remote sensing, fi eld measurements, and models. However, 

there are situations for which a simpler estimation process is acceptable, requiring only a 

basic familiarity with defi nitions and accounting rules.

In practice, reporters may choose the simplest available methods that provide estimates 

with a degree of accuracy that meets reporting objectives. The information provided 

in this publication can be used to estimate carbon emissions, emission reductions, or 

sequestration about a forestry activity—data on the forest area affected, type of activity, 

and region of interest. The quality of the results will depend largely on the quality of the 

activity data and how closely actual activities are refl ected in the factors. The intent in 

providing this information is to provide consistent and reliable estimates and to simplify 

the reporting process.

The tables in this publication represent signifi cant updates of similar tables used for more 

than a decade to analyze forest carbon sequestration activities (Birdsey 1996). Since the 

previous tables were published, advances have been made in methods that estimate how 

various carbon components of forest ecosystems change over time, and how carbon in 

harvested products is retained in use or emitted to the atmosphere. This publication 

further documents the General Guidelines for reporting greenhouse gas infor ma tion under 

Section 1605(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992.

Richard A. Birdsey 

Richard A. Birdsey

Northern Global Change Program Manager

Forest Service 1605(b) Team Leader

U.S. Department of Agriculture
1

Introduction

International agreements recognize forestry activities 

as one way to sequester carbon, and thus mitigate the 

increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; this may 

slow possible climate change effects. The United States 

initiated a voluntary reporting program in the early 

1990’s (U.S. Dep. Energy 2005). A system for developing 

estimates of the quantity of carbon sequestered in forest 

stands and harvested wood products1

 throughout the 

United States is a vital part of the voluntary program. 

This system must be relatively easy to use, transparent, 

economical, and accurate. In this publication, we present 

methods and regional average tables that meet these 

criteria.

Carbon is sequestered in growing trees, principally 

as wood in the tree bole. However, accrual in forest 

ecosystems also depends on the accumulation of carbon 

in dead wood, litter, and soil organic matter. When wood 

is harvested and removed from the forest, not all of the 

carbon fl ows immediately to the atmosphere. In fact, the 

portion of harvested carbon sequestered in long-lasting 

wood products may not be released to the atmosphere for 

years or even decades. If carbon remaining in harvested 

wood products is not part of the accounting system, 

calculation of the change in carbon stock for the forest 

area that is harvested will incorrectly indicate that all 

the harvested carbon is released to the atmosphere 

immediately. Failing to account for carbon in wood 

products signifi cantly overestimates emissions to the 

atmosphere in the year in which the harvest occurs. 

We adopted the approach of Birdsey (1996), who 

developed tables of forest carbon stocks and carbon in 

harvested wood to provide basic information on average 

carbon change per area. The tables are commonly referred 

to as “look-up tables” because users can identify the 

appropriate table for their forest, and look up the average 

regional carbon values for that type of forest. We have 

updated the tables by using new inventory surveys, forest 

carbon and timber projection models, and a more precise 

defi nition of carbon pools. We also include additional 

forest types and background information for customizing 

the tables for a user’s specifi c needs.

The look-up tables are categorized by region, forest 

type, previous land use, and, in some cases, productivity 

class and management intensity. Users must identify 

the categories for their forest, estimate the area of 

forestland, and, if needed, characterize the amount of 

wood harvested from the area in a way that is compatible 

with the format of the look-up tables. The average 

carbon estimates per area in the look-up tables must 

be multiplied by the area or, as appropriate, harvested 

volumes, to obtain estimates in total carbon stock or 

change in carbon stock.

The estimates in the look-up tables are called “average 

estimates,” indicating that they should be used when it 

is impractical to use more resource-intensive methods 

to characterize forest carbon, that is, particularly when 

more specifi c information is not available. Because these 

tables represent averages over large areas, the actual 

carbon stocks and fl ows for specifi c forests, or projects, 

may differ. The look-up tables should not be used when 

conditions for a project or site differ greatly from the 

classifi cations specifi ed for the tables. Some users may 

require an alternative to an “all-or-nothing” use of the 

tables because they may have some information and need 

to use the tables to supplement, or fi ll in gaps, in carbon 

stocks. Alternatively, users may require slight alterations 

to the tabular data provided. Therefore, we also include 

the underlying assumptions and appropriate citations so 

that the tables can be adjusted to data availability and 

information requirements of individual activities.

The focus of this document is to explain the 

methodology in a transparent way and present sets of 

look-up tables for quantifying forest carbon when sitespecifi c information is limited. In the sections that follow, 

we introduce the tables and provide general guidance 

for their use. First, tables of forest ecosystem carbon 

are presented; these are followed by tables to calculate 

the disposition of carbon in harvested wood products. 

Additional information on methods and data sources 

1

Traditionally, the phrase “forest products” includes paper, but 

the phrase “wood products” does not. The literature for forest 

carbon has not recognized this distinction. Thus, we use the 

phase “wood products” to include all forest products including 

paper.
2

follows these tables. This organization 

was adopted so that readers interested in 

using the tables can do so quickly. Both 

metric and English units are used for 

measures of area and volume.2

 However, 

all values for carbon mass are expressed 

in metric units—tonnes (t)—unless 

specifi ed otherwise. English units are 

included because most of the necessary 

input quantities are commonly expressed 

in units such as cubic feet/acre (for standlevel growing-stock volume) or thousand 

square feet of 3⁄8-inch plywood (a primary 

wood product), for example. Carbon 

stocks and stock changes are usually 

discussed and reported in metric units 

of carbon mass; this can lead to carbon 

in forests expressed as tonnes/hectare or 

in the United States as metric tons/acre. 

The forest ecosystem carbon tables are 

in Appendices A, B, and C; ancillary 

information on carbon in harvested wood 

is in Appendix D. Spreadsheet versions of the tables are 

on the CD-ROM that is included with this publication.

Forest Ecosystem Carbon Tables

Tables of estimates of forest carbon stock are provided for 

common forest types within each of 10 U.S. regions (Fig. 

1). Six distinct forest ecosystem carbon pools are listed: 

live trees, standing dead trees, understory vegetation, 

down dead wood, forest fl oor, and soil organic carbon. 

These pools are defi ned in Table 1. An example of the 

forest ecosystem tables is provided as Table 2, with 

the complete set in Appendices A and B. The fi rst two 

columns in each table are age and growing-stock volume; 

the remaining columns represent carbon stocks for 

the various carbon pools and are dependent on age or 

growing-stock volume. Pools are quantifi ed as carbon 

densities, that is, tonnes per unit area (acres or hectares).

The use of the tables can be summarized in three steps: 

1) identify the most appropriate table for the particular 

carbon sequestration project; 2) extract the tabular 

information required for estimating carbon sequestration 

by the project; and 3) complete any necessary custom 

modifi cations or post-processing needed to suit data 

requirements. The information in the tables is based 

on a national-level, forest carbon accounting model 

(FORCARB2; Heath and others 2003, Smith and others 

2004a), a timber projection model (ATLAS; Mills and 

Zhou 2003, Mills and Kincaid 1992, updated for Haynes 

2003), and the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory 

and Analysis (FIA) Program’s database of forest surveys 

(FIADB; USDA For. Serv. 2005, Alerich and others 

2005). Details are provided in the methods section.

The two basic sets of tables in Appendices A and B differ 

only with respect to assumptions associated with previous 

land use. The fi rst set displays carbon stocks on forest 

land remaining forest land, also called “reforestation” or 

“regrowth” of a stand following a clearcut harvest (Table 

2, for example, and Appendix A). The second set displays 

accumulation of carbon stocks for a stand established 

2

A tonne (t) is defi ned as 106 grams, or 2,204.62 pounds 

(lb). Other metric and English equivalents include 0.404686 

hectare (ha) = 1 acre (ac), 2.54 centimeter (cm) = 1 inch (in), 

0.0283168 cubic meter (m3) = 1 cubic foot (ft3), and 0.907185 

tonne = 1 short ton = 2,000 pounds.

Figure 1.—Defi nition of regions: Pacifi c Northwest, West (PWW); Pacifi c 

Northwest, East (PWE); Pacifi c Southwest (PSW); Rocky Mountain, North 

(RMN); Rocky Mountain, South (RMS); Northern Prairie States (NPS); Northern 

Lake States (NLS); Northeast (NE); South Central (SC); and Southeast (SE). 

Note that regions are merged for some tables, these combinations include: NLS 

and NPS as North Central; PWW, PWE, and PSW as Pacifi c Coast; RMN and 

RMS as Rocky Mountain; SC and SE as South; and RMN, RMS, PWE, and 

PSW as West (except where stated otherwise).

PWW

NE

SC SE

PWE

PSW RMS

RMN

NPS

NLS

PWW

NE

SC SE

PWE

PSW RMS

RMN

NPS

NLS
3

Forest ecosystem carbon pools

Live trees Live trees with diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) of at least 2.5 cm (1 inch), including 

carbon mass of coarse roots (greater than 0.2 to 0.5 cm, published distinctions between 

fi ne and coarse roots are not always clear), stems, branches, and foliage. 

Standing dead

 trees

Standing dead trees with d.b.h. of at least 2.5 cm, including carbon mass of coarse roots, 

stems, and branches.

Understory

 vegetation

Live vegetation that includes the roots, stems, branches, and foliage of seedlings (trees 

less than 2.5 cm d.b.h.), shrubs, and bushes.

Down dead

 wood

Woody material that includes logging residue and other coarse dead wood on the 

ground and larger than 7.5 cm in diameter, and stumps and coarse roots of stumps.

Forest fl oor Organic material on the fl oor of the forest that includes fi ne woody debris up to 7.5 

cm in diameter, tree litter, humus, and fi ne roots in the organic forest fl oor layer above 

mineral soil.

Soil organic

 carbon

Belowground carbon without coarse roots but including fi ne roots and all other organic 

carbon not included in other pools, to a depth of 1 meter.

Categories for disposition of carbon in harvested wood 

Products in use End-use products that have not been discarded or otherwise destroyed, examples include 

residential and nonresidential construction, wooden containers, and paper products.

Landfi lls Discarded wood and paper placed in landfi lls where most carbon is stored long-term 

and only a small portion of the material is assumed to degrade, at a slow rate.

Emitted with

 energy capture

Combustion of wood products with concomitant energy capture as carbon is emitted to 

the atmosphere.

Emitted without

 energy capture

Carbon in harvested wood emitted to the atmosphere through combustion or decay 

without concomitant energy recapture.

Table 1.—Classifi cation of carbon in forest ecosystems and in harvested wood

Table 2.—Example reforestation table with regional estimates of timber volume and carbon 

stocks on forest land after clearcut harvest for maple-beech-birch stands in the Northeast

Age Mean

volume

Mean carbon density

Live tree

Standing 

dead tree

UnderstoryDown 

dead wood

Forest 

fl oor

Soil 

organic

Total 

nonsoil

years m3

/ha --------------------------------------tonnes carbon/hectare-------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 32.0 27.7 69.6 61.8

5 0.0 7.4 0.7 2.1 21.7 20.3 69.6 52.2

15 28.0 31.8 3.2 1.9 11.5 16.3 69.6 64.7

25 58.1 53.2 5.3 1.8 7.8 17.6 69.6 85.7

35 89.6 72.8 6.0 1.7 6.9 20.3 69.6 107.8

45 119.1 87.8 6.6 1.7 7.0 23.0 69.6 126.0

55 146.6 101.1 7.0 1.7 7.5 25.3 69.6 142.7

65 172.1 113.1 7.4 1.7 8.2 27.4 69.6 157.7

75 195.6 123.8 7.7 1.7 8.8 29.2 69.6 171.2

85 217.1 133.5 7.9 1.7 9.5 30.7 69.6 183.2

95 236.6 142.1 8.1 1.7 10.1 32.0 69.6 193.9

105 254.1 149.7 8.3 1.6 10.6 33.1 69.6 203.4

115 269.7 156.3 8.5 1.6 11.1 34.2 69.6 211.7

125 283.2 162.1 8.6 1.6 11.5 35.1 69.6 218.8
4

on land that was not forest, called “afforestation” 

(Appendix B). The separate set of afforestation tables 

accounts for lower carbon densities of down dead wood, 

forest fl oor, and soil carbon in the initial years after 

forest establishment on nonforest land. However, as 

stands mature, the level of carbon stocks in these pools 

approaches the regional averages represented in the 

reforestation tables.

The tables in Appendices A and B provide estimates 

of carbon stock. The net change in carbon stock 

(sometimes called fl ux) associated with a growing forest 

can be determined by dividing the difference between 

two carbon stocks by the time interval between them. 

(See Examples 1 and 2 for information on using these 

tables.)

Example 1.—Obtain values for carbon stock and net stock change for stands of maplebeech-birch in the Northeast.

Use Table 2 to determine values for live tree carbon stock at years 25 and 45 and calculate net 

stock change over the interval.

Reading directly from the table, live tree carbon stocks are 53.2 and 87.8 t/ha for years 25 and 

45, respectively.

Net annual stock change in live tree carbon between year 25 and 45, which is from the 

difference in stocks divided by the length of the interval between stocks:

 Net annual stock change = (87.8 – 53.2) / 20 = 1.7 t/ha/yr

The positive value for stock change indicates a net increase in carbon over the interval; this is 

consistent with the sign convention used for net stock change in this document. This tabular 

approach is applicable to all carbon pools in Appendices A, B, and C. Users must fi rst classify 

the forest of interest and choose the most appropriate table.

Example 2.—Obtain an estimate of carbon stock when the value is not explicitly 

provided on a table, for stands of maple-beech-birch in the Northeast.

Use Table 2 to calculate live tree carbon stock of a stand with volume of wood (growing-stock 

volume) of 150 m3

/ha. This value is obtained by linearly interpolating between rows 7 and 8 

of Table 2. The estimate of live tree carbon is between rows 7 and 8 because 150 m3

/ha is also 

between those two rows, and live tree carbon is a function of volume (Fig. 2).

Linear interpolation identifi es a value for carbon stock between 101.1 and 113.1 t/ha that is 

linearly proportional to the position of 150 between 146.6 and 172.1 (from rows 7 and 8 of 

Table 2).

Live tree carbon (if volume is 150 m3

/ha)

 = (150.0 - 146.6) / (172.1 - 146.6) × (113.1 - 101.1) + 101.1

 = 0.133 × 12.0 +101.1 = 102.7 t/ha

The value 0.133 means the carbon stock is 13.3 percent of the distance between the two 

stocks listed on the table, 101.1 and 113.1 t/ha.
5

Modifi cations to Forest Ecosystem 

Tables

The forest ecosystem tables provide regional 

averages as scenarios of forest growth and 

carbon accumulation, but they need not 

be used as the sole source of information 

on forest yield or carbon. For instance, 

a landowner may independently acquire 

estimates of growth or carbon accumulation 

that are specifi c to a particular carbon 

sequestration project. In this case, an 

appropriate use of the tables is to combine 

available data and to selectively use columns 

of carbon stocks to fi ll gaps in information.

Users must have a general understanding of 

the relationships between the columns of 

the table to most appropriately substitute 

site-specifi c information for a carbon pool. 

Some columns can be viewed as independent 

or dependent variables, depending on the 

carbon pool of interest. If new data are 

incorporated in a table, any dependent 

columns (carbon pools) probably will require 

minor adjustments (recalculations). Figure 2 

illustrates the basic relationships underlying calculations 

of carbon stock. Stand age and growing-stock volume 

are from the ATLAS model and based on FIA data such 

that they refl ect region, forest type, and typical forest 

management regimes. Pools of live and standing-dead 

tree carbon are estimated directly from growing-stock 

volume. Carbon stocks of understory or down dead wood 

are estimated directly from live tree carbon and are only 

indirectly affected by growing-stock volume. 

Growing-stock volume (stand volume in Figure 2) is the 

merchantable volume of wood in live trees as defi ned by 

FIA (Smith and others 2004c, Alerich and others 2005). 

Briefl y, trees contributing volume to this stand-level 

summary value are commercial species that meet specifi ed 

standards of size and quality or vigor. Users with other 

volume estimates for their stands must consider how to 

translate the volumes to be consistent with growing-stock 

volume. Thus, a landowner interested in applying these 

carbon estimates to another growth table should link 

tree carbon from the tables presented here to the new 

(separately obtained) estimates of growing-stock volume 

rather than to stand age (see Example 3). The methods 

section further explains how to use selected carbon pools 

from the table.

Tables for Harvested Wood 

Products Carbon

Harvested wood products serve as reservoirs of carbon 

that are not immediately emitted to the atmosphere at 

the time of harvest. The amount of carbon sequestered 

in products depends on how much wood is harvested 

and removed from the forest, to what products the 

harvested wood is allocated, and the half-life of wood in 

these products (Row and Phelps 1996, Skog and others 

2004). The central focus of the carbon in harvested wood 

products estimates is the carbon change from two pools: 

carbon in products in use and carbon in landfi lls. Carbon 

in harvested wood is initially processed or manufactured 

into primary wood products, such as lumber and paper. 

Figure 2.—Graphs indicating the basic relationships between the 

components of the forest ecosystem carbon tables. Figures are not drawn 

to scale; numerical representation for each graph is available from the 

tables. Dashed lines are qualitative representation of where afforestation 

tables (Appendix B) differ from the reforestation tables (Appendix A). Note 

that stand volume refers to growing-stock volume of live trees.

Stand Age

Stand Volume

Stand Volume

Live Tree

Live Tree

Down Dead Wood

Stand Age

Forest Floor

Stand Volume

Dead Tree

Live Tree

Understory

Stand Age

Soil Organic C

Stand Age

Stand Volume

Stand Volume

Live Tree

Live Tree

Down Dead Wood

Stand Age

Forest Floor

Stand Volume

Dead Tree

Live Tree

Understory

Stand Age

Soil Organic C
6

Example 3.—Modify a table to include independently obtained information about a forest 

carbon project

In this example, assume you have a project with loblolly pine established after clearcut harvest on 

existing forest land in the South Central region. The volume yields (Wenger, 1984) are:

Age Mean

volume

years m3/ha

0 0.0

10 30.6

15 122.6

20 187.9

25 238.9

30 277.9

The appropriate carbon table is Table A47, which is partially duplicated for this example. The 

goal is to construct a hybrid table from the new growth and yield estimates (columns 1-2) and the 

appropriate estimates for each of the carbon pools (columns 3-8).

A47.—Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly and shortleaf pine 

stands on forest land after clearcut harvest in the South Central

Age Mean

Volume

Mean carbon density

Live tree

Standing 

dead tree

Understory

Down 

dead 

wood

Forest 

fl oor

Soil 

organic

Total 

nonsoil

years m3

/ha --------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare-------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.2 12.2 41.9 25.6

5 0.0 10.8 0.7 4.7 7.7 6.5 41.9 30.3

10 19.1 23.1 1.3 3.9 6.8 6.4 41.9 41.5

15 36.7 32.4 1.6 3.5 6.2 7.5 41.9 51.2

20 60.4 42.2 1.8 3.3 5.9 8.7 41.9 61.9

25 85.5 52.0 2.0 3.1 5.8 9.8 41.9 72.8

30 108.7 59.6 2.1 3.0 5.8 10.7 41.9 81.2

35 131.2 66.6 2.3 2.9 5.9 11.5 41.9 89.1

40 152.3 73.1 2.3 2.9 6.0 12.2 41.9 96.4

To construct the modifi ed table, copy the fi rst two columns directly from the new yield table and then 

interpolate some of the carbon pool densities from Table A47. Estimates for live- and standing dead 

trees are dependent on growing-stock volume (as indicated in Fig. 2). These values can be determined 

by linear interpolation as described in Example 2. Similarly, understory and down dead wood 

stocks, which are dependent on the updated live tree carbon stocks (Fig. 2), can be determined by 

interpolation. For example, the value of down dead wood carbon stock in row two is based on linearly 

interpolating between rows three and four of Table A47, that is, down dead wood = (29.2 - 23.1) / 

(32.4 - 23.1) × (6.2 - 6.8) + 6.8 = 6.4 t/ha. Interpolation is not necessary for estimates of forest fl oor 

or soil organic carbon. Forest fl oor is a function of stand age, and soil organic carbon is 41.9 t/ha.
7

The resulting modifi ed defaults for South Central loblolly pine based on separately obtained growth 

and yield:

Age Mean

volume

Mean carbon density

Live tree

Standing 

dead 

tree

Understory

Down 

dead 

wood

Forest 

fl oor

Soil 

organic

Total 

nonsoil

years m3/ha ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare---------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.2 12.2 41.9 25.6

10 30.6 29.2 1.5 3.6 6.4 6.4 41.9 47.1

15 122.6 63.9 2.2 2.9 5.8 7.5 41.9 82.3

20 187.9 83.7 2.5 2.8 6.3 8.7 41.9 104.0

25 238.9 98.2 2.7 2.6 7.0 9.8 41.9 120.3

30 277.9 109.1 2.8 2.6 7.6 10.7 41.9 132.8

These are then incorporated into end-use products, such 

as houses and newspapers. Intact primary and end-use 

products are considered “in use” until they are discarded, 

and a portion of these discarded products go to landfi lls. 

Additionally, a portion of carbon initially sequestered 

as products is eventually returned to the atmosphere 

through mechanisms such as combustion and decay. 

This emitted carbon is classifi ed according to whether 

it occurred through a process of combustion with some 

concomitant energy recapture. This distinction between 

the two paths for carbon emitted to the atmosphere is 

included to assess potential displacement of other fuel 

sources. The four categories for the disposition of carbon 

in harvested wood are defi ned in Table 1. Note that the 

carbon in the four categories sum to 100 percent of the 

carbon harvested and removed from the forest. 

The path that transforms trees-in-forests to wood-inproducts can be described by the diagram in Figure 

3. Quantities defi ned for the fi rst three boxes in the 

diagram can serve as starting points, or data sources, for 

determining the disposition of carbon in wood products. 

Consistent with this, we provide factors for starting 

calculations of carbon in harvested wood products on the 

bases of forestland, the amount of industrial roundwood 

harvested, or the quantity of primary wood products 

produced by mills, depending on the data available (see 

defi nitions and details in the methods section). The 

forestland, or land-based, estimates are an extension of 

the forest ecosystem tables presented above. The other 

two starting points can be classifi ed as product-based 

calculations, which are based on harvested logs or the 

output of mills. It is important to note that calculations 

from all three starting points (Fig. 3) focus on the same 

quantities of products in use or in landfi lls, and they all 

rely on the same model of allocation and longevity of end 

uses. They differ only in the level of detail available as the 

principal source of information on harvested wood—the 

path from input data to fi nal disposition (Fig. 3). In the 

methods section, we provide the interrelated methods 

for calculating carbon in harvested wood for each of 

these starting points. Additionally, Appendix D provides 

background data and details on these calculations for 

wood products. 
8

Land-Based Estimates

The land-based estimates are provided as an additional 

set of forest ecosystem tables with harvest scenarios, 

which provide carbon estimates for harvested wood 

products over an interval after harvest (see Table 3 and 

Appendix C). At harvest, a large portion of carbon in 

tree biomass is allocated to the harvested wood pools, 

a second portion is assumed to decay rapidly after 

harvest (emitted at harvest), and the remainder stays 

on site in the forest as down dead wood or forest fl oor. 

The “emitted at harvest” carbon is assumed emitted at 

site soon after harvest; this is included to distinguish it 

from the two products emissions categories, which are 

emissions associated with processing, use, or disposal of 

harvested wood after removal from the site. Tree biomass 

allocated to harvested wood is removed from the site 

for processing, and it is allocated to the four disposition 

categories defi ned in Table 1. Changes in the allocation 

of this pool of harvested carbon among the categories are 

tracked over time following harvest (see columns 10, 11, 

12, and 13 of Table 3). Note that the harvested products 

carbon pools are also quantifi ed as carbon densities, that 

is, tonnes per unit area (acres or hectares), because they 

are derived from land-based carbon densities.

These land-based estimates of carbon in harvested 

wood need not be limited to the examples in Table 3 or 

Appendix C. Similar calculations are possible for other 

harvest quantities, stand ages, or forest types. Factors 

for estimating and allocating harvested carbon from the 

forest ecosystem tables are included in Tables 4, 5, and 6. 

These are used to calculate the disposition of carbon in 

harvested wood products (see Example 4). The standlevel volume of growing stock in live trees, such as 172.1 

m3

/ha in Table 3, is used as a starting point to estimate 

total carbon in harvested wood. Growing-stock volume 

from the ecosystem table is converted to categories of 

industrial roundwood carbon mass according to factors 

in Tables 4 and 5. The disposition of this carbon in 

wood products is then allocated according to Table 6. 

Additional information on the use or adaptation of the 

harvest scenario tables can be found in the methods 

section that follows, Example 4, and Appendix D.

Product-Based Estimates

Harvest information is often available in the form of 

wood delivered to mills or the output of mills. These 

product amounts may be used as the starting point for 

calculating the disposition of carbon. Specifi cally, these 

starting points are industrial roundwood logs or primary 

Figure 3.—The transition of carbon 

in forest trees to end-use products 

represented by a sequence of distinct 

pools separated by processes 

that move carbon between pools. 

Calculations of carbon in harvested 

wood products may start with any of 

the fi rst three pools: trees in forests, 

industrial roundwood, or primary 

wood products.

Industrial Roundwood

classified as softwood or 

hardwood, and saw logs or 

pulpwood

Trees in Forests

quantified as growing-stock 

volume on forestland

harvest and 

removal 

from forest

processing 

at mills

manufacture or 

construction

Disposition: 

emitted or 

landfill

Primary Wood Products

such as lumber, panels, or 

paper

Disposition: 

emitted or 

landfill

Disposition: 

emitted or 

landfill

End Use Products

such as houses, furniture, or 

paper products

recycling

Industrial Roundwood

classified as softwood or 

hardwood, and saw logs or 

pulpwood

Trees in Forests

quantified as growing-stock 

volume on forestland

harvest and 

removal 

from forest

processing 

at mills

manufacture or 

construction

Disposition: 

emitted or 

landfill

Primary Wood Products

such as lumber, panels, or 

paper

Disposition: 

emitted or 

landfill

Disposition: 

emitted or 

landfill

End Use Products

such as houses, furniture, or 

paper products

recycling
9

wood products (such as lumber, panels, or paper) 

as indicated in Figure 3. Thus, quantities are of 

total carbon and not directly linked to forest area. 

The disposition of carbon in products based on 

an initial quantity, or carbon mass, of industrial 

roundwood is allocated according to Table 6. 

The specifi c carbon content of primary wood 

products is calculated from factors in Table 7. 

The disposition of carbon over time for these 

primary products is according to factors in Tables 

8 and 9, which provide the fractions of carbon 

from original primary products that remain in 

use or in landfi lls, respectively. Again, additional 

information on the use or adaptation of the tables 

for product-based calculations can be found in 

the section that follows, Examples 5 and 6, and 

Appendix D.

Methods and Data Sources 

for Tables

The purpose of this section is to provide detailed 

information on data sources, models, and 

assumptions used in developing the tables or 

calculations described earlier. Also, we outline 

linkages between the carbon calculations. These 

further illustrate how the tables were developed 

and updated, how the methods were applied, and 

provide information needed to further modify or 

customize the tabular carbon summaries. 

In these tables, we provide estimates for as 

many as ten carbon pools. Forest structure 

provides a convenient modeling framework for 

assigning carbon to one of six distinct forest 

ecosystem pools: live trees, standing dead trees, 

understory vegetation, down dead wood, forest fl oor, and soil organic carbon (Table 1). These 

pools are consistent with guidelines of the 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

(Penman and others 2003). The disposition 

of carbon in harvested wood is summarized in 

four categories that describe the end-fate of the 

harvested wood: products in use, landfi lls, emitted 

with energy capture, and emitted without energy 

Table 3.—Example harvest scenario table with regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood p

capture (see defi nitions in Table 1).

roducts on 

forest land after clearcut harvest for maple-beech-birch stands in the Northeast

Mean volume Mean carbon density

Age Inventory Harvested

Live 

tree

Standing 

dead tree

Understory

Down 

dead 

wood

Forest 

fl oor

Soil 

organic

Products 

in use

In 

landfi lls

Emitted 

with energy 

capture

Emitted 

without energy 

capture

Emitted 

at harvest

years -------- m3/hectare ------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------tonnes carbon/hectare---------------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 52.25 0.0 7.4 0.7 2.1 0.5 4.2 52.3

15 28.0 31.8 3.2 1.9 2.3 10.8 53.725 58.1 53.2 5.3 1.8 3.8 15.8 56.035 89.6 72.8 6.0 1.7 5.2 19.7 58.945 119.1 87.8 6.6 1.7 6.2 22.7 61.855 146.6 101.1 7.0 1.7 7.2 25.3 64.465 0.0 172.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 32.0 27.7 66.3 34.5 0.0 39.7 14.1 7.5

5 0.0 7.4 0.7 2.1 21.7 20.3 67.1 22.9 4.7 43.1 17.5

15 28.0 31.8 3.2 1.9 11.5 16.3 68.2 13.2 8.1 46.2 20.725 58.1 53.2 5.3 1.8 7.8 17.6 68.9 10.3 8.8 47.1 22.035 89.6 72.8 6.0 1.7 6.9 20.3 69.2 8.7 9.1 47.5 22.945 119.1 87.8 6.6 1.7 7.0 23.0 69.4 7.6 9.4 47.8 23.555 146.6 101.1 7.0 1.7 7.5 25.3 69.5 6.7 9.6 47.9 24.065 0.0 172.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 32.0 27.7 69.5 40.4 9.8 87.8 38.5 7.7

NOTE: Emitted column is shown as positive values so that all nonsoil columns can be summed to check totals.
10

Example 4.—Calculate carbon in harvested wood products remaining in use at 15 years after harvest 

based on volume of growing stock at time of harvest

Starting with an example from the Pacifi c Northwest, we will calculate the disposition of carbon in harvested 

wood products that are still in use at 15 years after harvest from the Douglas-fi r forest described in Table C12. 

More specifi cally, we will show the steps involved to calculate that 53.3 t/ha of harvested carbon are in use at 15 

years after harvest, starting from a harvested growing-stock volume of 718.8 m3

/ha (Table C12). We use factors 

from Tables 4, 5, and 6. These calculations are land-based estimates of carbon in harvested wood products 

based on the “trees in forests” starting point identifi ed in Figure 3. Additional details on expanding these 

calculations to other harvested wood categories within the table or to other forest types are in Appendix D.

The sequence of steps required to determine carbon in use at year 15 are: 1) convert growing-stock volume to 

carbon mass according to four categories; 2) convert carbon in growing-stock volume to carbon in industrial 

roundwood; and 3) determine carbon remaining in products at the appropriate year.

Step 1: We assume that an average harvest for a forest type group produces roundwood logs that can be 

classifi ed as softwood or hardwood as well as saw logs and pulpwood. The conversion from volume of wood to 

carbon mass depends on the specifi c carbon content of wood. Factors in Table 4 are used to allocate the 718.8 

m3

/ha of growing-stock volume to four separate classes of carbon. For example, carbon in the softwood saw log 

part of growing-stock volume is the product of: growing-stock volume, the softwood fraction of growing-stock 

volume, the saw log fraction of softwood, softwood specifi c gravity, and the carbon fraction of wood, which is 

50 percent carbon by dry weight. The calculations from Table 4 are:

 Softwood saw log carbon in growing-stock volume

 = 718.8 × 0.959 × 0.914 × 0.440 × 0.5 = 138.61 t/ha

 Softwood pulpwood carbon in growing-stock volume

 = 718.8 × 0.959 × (1 – 0.914) × 0.440 × 0.5 = 13.04 t/ha

 Hardwood saw log carbon in growing-stock volume

 = 718.8 × (1 – 0.959) × 0.415 × 0.426 × 0.5 = 2.61 t/ha

 Hardwood pulpwood carbon in growing-stock volume

 = 718.8 × (1 – 0.959) × (1 – 0.415) × 0.426 × 0.5 = 3.67 t/ha

Thus, total carbon stock in 718.8 m3

/ha of growing-stock volume is 183.60 t/ha.

Step 2: We need to represent carbon in these four categories in terms of carbon in industrial roundwood, which 

excludes bark and fuelwood. However, not all growing-stock volume is removed from the site of harvest as 

roundwood, and some industrial roundwood is from non-growing stock sources. Factors in Table 5 are used to 

obtain carbon in industrial roundwood. For example, carbon in industrial roundwood is the product of: carbon 

in growing-stock volume, the fraction of growing-stock volume that is removed as roundwood, and the ratio of 

industrial roundwood to growing-stock volume removed as roundwood. The calculations from Table 5 are:

 Softwood saw log carbon in industrial roundwood = 138.61 × 0.929 × 0.965 = 124.26 t/ha

 Softwood pulpwood carbon in industrial roundwood = 13.04 × 0.929 × 1.099 = 13.31 t/ha

 Hardwood saw log carbon in industrial roundwood = 2.61 × 0.947 × 0.721 = 1.78 t/ha

 Hardwood pulpwood carbon in industrial roundwood = 3.67 × 0.947 × 0.324 = 1.13 t/ha

 Thus, total carbon stock in industrial roundwood is 148.36 t/ha.

Step 3: The disposition of carbon in harvested wood products is described by Table 6, which allocates carbon 

according to region, industrial roundwood category, and years since harvest and processing. The allocation 

factors for product in use at year 15 for Pacifi c Northwest, West apply here. The two hardwood categories 

are pooled in this region. The calculation for carbon density of products in use is the sum of the products of 

industrial roundwood carbon and the corresponding allocation factor, these are:

 Carbon in products in use at year 15

 = (124.26 × 0.423) + (13.31 × 0.020) + ((1.78 + 1.03) × 0.174) = 53.33 t/ha.
11

Forest Ecosystem Carbon

Forest ecosystem carbon is signifi cantly affected by the 

following factors: region of the United States, forest 

type, previous land use, management, and productivity. 

The development and format of the tables are based on 

Birdsey (1996): current stand-level carbon and growthand-yield models were compiled as forest carbon yield 

tables. Forest types correspond to defi nitions in the 

FIADB and represent common productive forests within 

each region.

The fi rst two columns in each forest ecosystem table 

represent an age-volume relationship (also known as 

a yield curve) based on information from the timber 

projection model ATLAS (Mills and Kincaid 1992 

with updates for Haynes 2003). ATLAS uses data on 

timber growth and yield and FIA data to develop a set of 

tables of growing-stock volume for projecting large-scale 

forest inventories representing U.S. forests for various 

policy scenarios. The yields (age-volume) represented in 

Appendices A, B, and C are broad averages; the basic set is 

from the appendix tables in Mills and Zhou (2003). Stand 

ages included in the tables are from the ATLAS yields, 

and these were limited to 90 years in the South and 125 

years elsewhere. We assume all age-volume relationships 

are based on an average level of planting or stand 

establishment, that is, after clearcut harvest (reforestation) 

or as a part of stand establishment (afforestation). 

Additional tables are included for Southern pines 

and some Pacifi c Northwest forests to refl ect stands 

with relatively higher productivity or more intensive 

management practices (see specifi c tables in Appendices A 

through C). These yields are based on ATLAS and timber 

projections prepared for Haynes (2003).

Example 5.—Calculate the disposition of carbon in harvested wood products at 100 years 

after harvest and processing from industrial roundwood data

Using Table 6, assume that a harvest in the Northeast produced 2,000 t dry weight of industrial 

roundwood. This represents 1,000 t of carbon because wood is assumed to be 50 percent carbon. 

The roundwood was harvested in the following proportions: 79 t carbon as softwood sawtimber, 

51 t as softwood pulpwood, 465 t of hardwood sawtimber, and 405 t of hardwood pulpwood. Also 

assume that these quantities represent industrial roundwood without bark and exclude fuelwood; 

thus, Table 6 is the correct choice to calculate the disposition of carbon.

The four industrial roundwood categories are allocated to the classifi cations for the disposition 

of carbon in wood products by the appropriate factors for 100 years after production from the 

Northeast portion of Table 6.

 Total carbon in use

 = (79 × 0.095) + (51 × 0.006) + (465 × 0.035) + (405 × 0.103) = 65.80 t

 Total carbon in landfi lls

 = (79 × 0.223) + (51 × 0.084) + (465 × 0.281) + (405 × 0.158) = 216.56 t

 Total carbon emitted with energy recapture

 = (79 × 0.338) + (51 × 0.510) + (465 × 0.387) + (405 × 0.336) = 368.75 t

 Total carbon emitted without energy recapture

 = (79 × 0.344) + (51 × 0.400) + (465 × 0.296) + (405 × 0.403) = 348.43 t

Total carbon in industrial roundwood after 100 years is the sum of the four pools. Note that the 

total in this example is 999.5 t and not the 1,000 t we started with; this is due to rounding.
12

Example 6.—Calculate stocks of carbon in harvested wood products based on having primary wood 

products data such as products from a mill

Given the information on softwood lumber and softwood plywood produced from 2000 to 2003 (in the 

following tabulation) we use Tables 7, 8, and 9 to calculate: 1) carbon in the primary products, 2) the 

accumulation of carbon stocks over a period of 4 years, and 3) total carbon stocks after 100 years. Note 

that Tables 8 and 9 provide the fraction of primary product remaining for a given number of years after 

processing; this example assumes that harvest and processing are at the beginning of each year (2000-2003) 

and estimates for the amount remaining apply to the end of each year. This is an application of calculating 

the disposition of carbon in harvested wood based on quantities of primary wood products, as described in 

Figure 3.

Step 1: Determine initial carbon stocks for two primary products based on given quantities produced 

each year over the 4-year period by using factors from Table 7. For example, 93,000 thousand board feet 

softwood lumber × 0.443 = 41,199 t carbon.

The initial carbon stocks for two primary products, softwood lumber and softwood plywood:

Year Quantity of primary product Carbon stock

Softwood lumber Softwood plywood Softwood lumber Softwood plywood

thousand board feet thousand square feet,

 3/8-inch basis

tonnes carbon tonnes carbon

2000 93,000 183,000 41,199 43,188

2001 85,000 175,000 37,655 41,300

2002 95,000 170,000 42,085 40,120

2003 100,000 173,000 44,300 40,828

Step 2: Calculate carbon stocks in end uses and landfi lls for each product for each year after production 

for the period 2000-2003 based on inputs of wood harvested and processed in each year. Use Tables 8 

and 9 to determine stocks for each year since processing. Note that each of the 20 intermediate values in 

the following tabulation is based on the sum of carbon contributed from softwood lumber and softwood 

plywood. For example, the carbon stocks of primary products produced in 2001 are 37,655 t of softwood 

lumber and 41,300 t of softwood plywood. From this, a total of 3,820 t are in landfi lls at the end of 2003 

(after 3 years). The quantity is calculated as: 3,820 t = (37,655 × 0.051) + (41,300 × 0.046).

Disposition of carbon in primary wood products over four years:

Year of 

production

Carbon in end uses at end of: Carbon in landfi lls at end of:

2000 2001 2002 2003 2000 2001 2002 2003

2000 82,238 80,130 78,150 76,255 1,433 2,824 4,088 5,352

2001 76,947 74,977 73,127 1,339 2,640 3,820

2002 80,106 78,049 1,399 2,757

2003 82,952 1,451

 Total 82,238 157,078 233,233 310,382 1,433 4,163 8,127 13,379

Thus, total carbon stocks for the end of 2002 are 241,360 t, with 233,233 t in end uses and 8,127 t in 

landfi lls. The balance of the cumulative total carbon in products from 2000 through 2002 has been emitted 

to the atmosphere, that is, 245,547 t initially in primary products minus the 241,360 t sequestered equals 

4,187 t emitted from the primary products by 2002.
13

Step 3: Calculate carbon remaining in end uses or in landfi lls at 100 years after each of the harvest years. 

The estimates are based on initial stocks of carbon in each primary product multiplied by the respective 

fraction remaining as obtained from Tables 8 and 9. For example, carbon in primary product from harvest 

and processing in 2000 and in use at 100 years is 20,222 t = (41,199 × 0.234) + (43,188 × 0.245).

Year of

production

 Carbon in:

End uses Landfi lls

--------------------tonnes carbon------------------

2000 20,222 33,961

2001 18,930 31,770

2002 19,677 33,092

2003 20,369 34,273

 Total 79,198 133,096

Thus, of the 245,547 t of carbon in primary products produced from 2000 through 2002, 24 percent 

remain sequestered in products in use, 40 percent in landfi lls, and 36 percent emitted to the atmosphere.

Carbon estimates are derived from the individual 

carbon-pool estimators in FORCARB2 (Heath and 

others 2003, Smith and others 2004a, Smith and Heath 

2005). FORCARB2 is essentially a national empirical 

simulation and carbon-accounting model that produces 

stand-level, inventory-based estimates of carbon stocks 

for forest ecosystems and regional estimates of carbon 

in harvested wood. Estimates of carbon in live and 

standing dead trees are based on the methods of Jenkins 

and others (2003) and Smith and others (2003). A new 

set of stand level volume-to-biomass equations3

 was 

calibrated to the FIADB available on the Internet as of 

July 29, 2005 (USDA For. Serv. 2005). These are the 

bases for the carbon values for live and standing dead 

trees provided here. However the volume-based estimates 

of tree carbon from FORCARB2 required minor 

modifi cation for the tables because many yield curves 

specify zero volume at both 0 and 5 years. This produced 

discontinuities over time in the estimates of tree carbon, 

usually in the second and third age classes. Carbon in 

tree biomass is accruing even if sapling trees remain 

below the threshold for classifi cation of growing-stock 

volume4

 but above the classifi cation size where trees are 

considered part of the understory. Therefore, tree carbon 

at the fi rst row of the table is set to zero, and carbon for 

year 5 (and occasionally the third age class) is based on 

a modifi cation of the volume-based estimates. Briefl y, a 

subset of the FIADB with younger stands was used to 

develop age-based regressions with biomass from tree data 

(Jenkins and others 2003); these regressions converged 

with the volume-based estimates, usually by age 10 to 15. 

We used a ratio of the two estimates to smooth estimates 

between the second and third age classes.

Estimates in carbon density in understory vegetation are 

based on Birdsey (1996); estimates of carbon density 

in down dead wood were developed by FORCARB2 

simulations. Estimates of these two pools are based on 

region, forest type, and live-tree biomass. (For additional 

discussion or example values, see Smith and others 

(2004b) and Smith and Heath (2005)). The carbon 

density of forest fl oor is a function of region, forest type, 

and stand age (Smith and Heath 2002). Estimates of 

soil organic carbon are based on the national STATSGO 

spatial database (USDA Soil Conserv. Serv. 1991) and the 

general approach described by Amichev and Galbraith 

(2004). These represent average soil organic carbon by 

region and forest type in the Forest Service’s Renewable 

Resources Planning Act (RPA) 2002 Forest Resource 

Assessment database. For additional information, see 

USDA For. Serv. (2005) and Smith and others (2004c).

3

Contact the authors for additional information on the 

volume-to-biomass equations updated from Smith and others 

(2003).

4

The minimum tree size for growing stock is 5 inches d.b.h.; 

signifi cant tree carbon can accumulate in a stand before trees 

reach this threshold.
14

Slight modifi cations to the direct application of 

FORCARB2 estimators were incorporated to develop the 

reforestation (Table 2 and Appendix A) and afforestation 

(Appendix B) tables. The reforestation tables are based on 

the assumption that at harvest, a portion of slash becomes 

down dead wood or forest fl oor at the start of the next 

rotation; these additional components then decay with 

time in the new stand (Smith and Heath 2002). The 

initial carbon densities for down dead wood and forest 

fl oor are listed in the fi rst row of the Appendix A tables. 

Values for down dead wood are proportional to levels at 

the time of harvest and added logging residue (based on 

Johnson (2001)). Decay rates for down dead wood and 

forest fl oor are calculated from Turner and others (1995) 

and Smith and Heath (2002). The afforestation tables are 

based on the reforestation tables with the assumption that 

the residual carbon of down dead wood and forest fl oor 

material remaining after harvest does not exist at the start 

of the afforested stands. Thus, these pools are set to zero 

at the fi rst row of the table. Accumulation of soil organic 

carbon in previously nonforest land (the afforestation 

tables) is based on the accumulation function described 

in West and others (2004) with the assumption that soil 

carbon density is initially at 75 percent of the average 

forest value, which is within the range of values associated 

with soil organic carbon after deforestation (Lal 2005). 

Users with more specifi c data about soil organic carbon 

or effects of previous land use can easily modify the tables 

to refl ect this information.

The tables are designed to accommodate modifi cation or 

replacement of selected data. Estimates for years or stand 

volumes not defi ned explicitly can be determined with 

linear interpolation (Example 2). The separate carbon 

pools, according to column, allow the user to extract or 

substitute values as needed to complement separately 

obtained site-specifi c information. However, users 

should be aware of the relationships between the parts as 

described in Figure 2 to substitute columns. 

Figure 2 can be used as a guide in customizing tables. 

As an example, a user with a model of stand growth 

for a particular project but still wishing to use the 

carbon estimates from a table should: 1) choose an 

appropriate carbon table by matching forest type, 2) 

make the appropriate substitutions of new data, and 

3) then recalculate the carbon columns affected by 

the substitution. After the age and volume columns 

are replaced, recalculations based on interpolation are 

required for carbon pools of live and standing dead trees, 

understory vegetation, and down dead wood. Forest fl oor 

is determined by stand age, and values of soil carbon 

depend on assumptions that apply to reforestation or 

afforestation (Fig. 2). The substitutions and recalculations 

can be made by using a spreadsheet. Example 3 expands 

on this discussion and provides a numerical example.

As illustrated in Figure 2, most of the relationships 

between columns of the tables are nonlinear. As a 

consequence, small errors are possible when interpolating 

between two points, such as in the volume to tree carbon 

pairs. However, these errors likely will be minimal. The 

nonlinearity can produce more signifi cant errors if the 

tables are applied to aggregate summaries of large forest 

areas, that is, substantially greater than 10,000 ha (Smith 

and others 2003). As a result, it is best to apply the tables 

to relatively smaller forest areas versus calculating large 

aggregate volume and area.

Harvested Wood Carbon

The basic information required for calculating the 

disposition of carbon in harvested wood products based 

on each of the three starting points (Fig. 3) are in Tables 

4 through 9. The purpose of this section is to provide 

suffi cient background so that a user can apply these 

tables. However, some users may want to modify the 

estimates to incorporate alternate data or assumptions, 

so we also provide background data and detailed 

explanations in Appendix D of how these tables are 

generated.

Methods for calculating the disposition of carbon in 

harvested wood and the starting points for making such 

calculations are organized according to the diagram in 

Figure 3. These starting points, which correspond to 

possible sources of data (independent variables) are: 

1) the volume of wood in a forest available for harvest 

and subsequent processing (for example, growing-stock 

volumes in Tables 2 and 3); 2) industrial roundwood 

harvest from a forest in the form of saw logs and 

pulpwood, which is a measure of wood available for 

processing at mills; and 3) primary wood products, that 
15

is products produced at mills, such as lumber, panels, or 

paper. We discuss methods and application of each of 

these, beginning with estimates based on primary wood 

products as inputs. 

The model that allocates carbon over time since harvest 

is the same for all three starting points, and this model 

is based on primary wood products (see Appendix 

D for details). Thus, the disposition is a function of 

primary wood product and time. Any of the additional 

calculations necessary for the “upstream” (see Figure 3) 

starting points are essentially required to translate input 

carbon to primary wood product equivalents. Conversely, 

calculations at “downstream” starting points do not 

quantify all pools of harvested carbon. For example, a 

portion of the wood harvested from a forest ecosystem 

is processed into primary wood products, but carbon 

in other biomass remains on site as logging residue or 

is removed from site as fuelwood or what ultimately 

becomes waste in the production of primary products. 

Thus, identifying pools such as fuelwood is necessary for 

starting from the forest ecosystem to partition carbon 

and obtain the quantity going to primary products. 

Quantifying fuelwood is not possible, and unnecessary, 

for starting from data on a quantity of primary wood 

products.

Before applying tables to calculate carbon in harvested 

wood, users should identify: 1) the starting point most 

appropriate for the data available, and 2) the type of 

summary values or results that are appropriate to the 

carbon accounting method and the forest carbon project. 

Each starting point requires slightly different input 

data and each accounts for somewhat different pools of 

carbon. Compatibility between available data and the 

appropriate starting point depends on identifying these 

differences. In addition to having different starting points 

to compute carbon stocks or stock change, there may 

be differences in information needs, such as for carbon 

reporting. Carbon accounting requirements may specify 

tracking carbon harvested in one or more years and 

reporting carbon sequestered at one or more later years. 

For example, one may be interested in tracking products 

associated with a particular year or may be interested in 

the cumulative effects of successive harvests. Alternatively, 

an accounting method that focuses on the long-term 

effects of current rates of harvest and processing on future 

stocks of carbon in harvested wood products requires 

estimates of carbon in use or in landfi lls at 100 years 

after harvest (Miner, in press). Thus, all of our projection 

tables extend through 100 years.

Consideration of imports or exports of harvested wood 

can complicate the calculations. The effect of considering 

the movement of harvested wood or wood products over 

boundaries depends on the approach used to account 

for carbon. Basic carbon accounting approaches, as 

presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 

Change (Penman and others 2003) are: stock-change, 

atmospheric-fl ow, and production. The accounting 

method presented here is a production approach: the 

disposition of carbon is estimated for all wood produced, 

including exports. Imports are excluded from accounting 

under the production approach. Currently, the IPCC 

does not provide guidelines on accounting methods 

for trade in harvested carbon. However, the additional 

information required to account for imports or exports 

is essentially the long-term disposition of the specifi c 

quantities of carbon imported or exported. For example, 

applying the calculations described in this document to 

exports explicitly assumes that the disposition of carbon 

is identical to that in products retained in the United 

States.

Primary Wood Products

Primary wood products such as lumber, plywood, 

panels, and paper are the products of mills; they 

provide a product-based starting point for calculating 

the disposition of carbon in harvested wood products 

(Fig. 3). Specifi c primary products are identifi ed in 

Table 7. Manufacturing or construction incorporates 

these primary products into end-use products such 

as houses, furniture, or books. Each end-use product 

has an expected lifespan, and after use the primary 

products may be recovered for additional use, burned, 

or otherwise disposed of. After disposal, carbon in 

products is allocated to disposal pools, which ultimately 

leads to long-term storage in landfi lls or to emission to 

the atmosphere. Thus, the disposition of primary wood 

products are modeled through partitioning and residence 

times of a succession of intermediate pools to the fi nal 

disposition categories as defi ned in Table 1.
16

5The defi nition and classifi cation of roundwood as it is used 

here is important to quantifying and allocating carbon in 

harvested wood products. Calculations are based on wood 

in logs for industrial manufacture. This is the majority of 

roundwood. The defi nition of roundwood can also include 

fuelwood, but fuelwood and bark on industrial roundwood are 

specifi cally excluded from “industrial roundwood” as used in 

this document. Roundwood can be classifi ed as sawtimber versus 

pulpwood (for example, Birdsey 1996, Row and Phelps 1996) 

but the more common usage is sawtimber versus poletimber (for 

example, Johnson 2001) or saw logs versus pulpwood.

Table 7 includes factors for converting primary wood 

products into total mass of carbon. For example, 1,000 

ft2

 of 3⁄8-inch softwood plywood averages 0.236 tonne 

of carbon. Tables 8 and 9 indicate the fraction of each 

primary product that remains in use or in landfi lls, 

respectively, for a given number of years after harvest 

and production, with the assumption that harvest and 

production are at time zero. The tables represent national 

averages. Table 8 indicates the fraction of each primary 

product remaining in an end use product for up to 100 

years after harvest and processing. For example, column 

2 of Table 8 indicates that after 10 years, 77.7 percent 

of softwood lumber remains in an end-use product; end 

uses include residential or other construction, furniture, 

and wood containers. The change in carbon between 

the initial quantity of primary products and the amount 

specifi ed in later years in Table 8 represents products taken 

out of use; these are then either sequestered in landfi lls or 

emitted to the atmosphere. Table 9 indicates the fraction 

of each primary product sequestered in landfi lls for up to 

100 years after harvest and processing. In the example of 

softwood lumber at 10 years, the fraction is 14.1 percent 

(column 2 of Table 9). Thus, the remaining 8.2 percent 

of carbon (100-77.7-14.1) in softwood lumber has been 

emitted to the atmosphere by year 10.

Recycling of paper products is an assumption built into 

Tables 8 and 9. (See Appendix D for details on paper 

recycling.) The value of including the effect of recycling 

on the disposition of carbon in harvested wood products 

can depend on the carbon accounting information 

needed. For example, recycling can affect quantities in 

use or in landfi lls if calculations are focused on a single 

cohort of carbon such as paper originally produced in a 

specifi c year. That is, accounting for effects of recycling 

can matter if tracking carbon from a single year or 

owner is important. We include recycling of paper 

because recycling is relatively common, its effects may be 

important, and statistics are available to include recycling 

in the calculations. 

Tables 8 and 9 can be used to calculate net annual change 

of carbon in harvested wood products, the cumulative 

effect of successive annual harvests, and carbon remaining 

at 100 years. The change in carbon stocks between 

successive years is net annual fl ux. The tables are based 

on the assumption that harvest and processing occur in 

the same year (year set to zero); they provide annual steps 

for 50 years. Values can be interpolated for annualized 

estimates between years 50 and 100. Cumulative 

effects of annual harvests are obtained by repeating 

calculations for each harvest and summing stock or stock 

change estimates for each year of interest. A numerical 

application for calculating the disposition of carbon 

in primary wood products is provided in Example 6, 

in which the cumulative effect of annual production 

at a mill is calculated. See Appendix D for additional 

information on model assumptions, values used to 

describe allocation and longevity, and calculations of the 

factors in Tables 7 through 9.

Industrial Roundwood

Roundwood5

 is logs, bolts or other round sections cut 

from trees for industrial manufacture or consumer use 

(Johnson 2001). Most roundwood is processed by mills, 

and it is this quantity of harvested wood that provides 

the industrial roundwood starting point in Figure 

3. Classifi cation of harvested wood as roundwood is 

commonly a part of regional or State-wide statistics 

on timber harvesting or processing (Johnson 2001, 

Smith and others 2004c). A regional linkage between 

industrial roundwood and the primary wood products 

model (discussed earlier) is the basis for establishing the 

disposition of carbon from roundwood. The allocation 

of industrial roundwood to domestically produced 

primary wood products was constructed from Adams and 

others (2006). The resulting model of the allocation of 

carbon in industrial roundwood according to region and 

roundwood category is represented as Table 6.

Table 6 was developed in the style of similar tables in 

Birdsey (1996), which are based on Row and Phelps 
17

(1996). Inputs are carbon mass in industrial roundwood 

according to region and roundwood category. Total 

industrial roundwood is allocated to the four disposition 

categories (see defi nitions in Table 1), and changes in 

allocation are tracked as fractions over years 1 through 

100 after manufacture or processing. Industrial 

roundwood is classifi ed by region (Fig. 1) and category: 

softwood saw logs, softwood pulpwood, hardwood saw 

logs, and hardwood pulpwood. Saw logs come from 

larger diameter trees and generally are utilized for solid 

wood products; pulpwood comes from smaller diameter 

trees and usually is used for pulpwood products. Some 

industrial roundwood classifi cations are pooled across 

regions for Table 6; this is done where production of a 

particular type is relatively low. Industrial roundwood, 

as classifi ed for Table 6, excludes bark on logs and wood 

used as fuelwood. The allocation of emitted carbon to 

the fraction associated with energy capture is based on 

the allocation patterns in Birdsey (1996). A numerical 

application of Table 6 is provided in Example 5. See 

Appendix D for additional background information and 

sample calculations used to generate Table 6.

Growing-Stock Volumes of Forest Ecosystems

The land-based starting point for calculating the 

disposition of carbon in harvested wood products is 

from the forest ecosystem carbon tables (for example, 

Table 3), as described in Figure 3 (trees in forests). 

Calculations starting with wood in forests are distinctly 

different from starting with products in two respects: 1) 

inputs are land-based measures of merchantable wood 

in a forest (growing-stock volume), and 2) estimates of 

carbon in harvested wood also include the portion of 

roundwood identifi ed as fuelwood as well as bark on all 

logs (industrial roundwood and fuelwood). The bases for 

linking forest ecosystems to roundwood, and thus the 

disposition of carbon in products, are compilations of 

summary values from harvest statistics (Johnson 2001) 

and estimates of tree biomass (Jenkins and others 2004) 

applied to current FIADB survey data. 

Converting growing-stock volume to carbon mass in 

industrial roundwood is based on factors in Tables 4 and 

5. Table 4 is used to partition growing-stock volume 

according to species type (softwood or hardwood) and 

size of logs. This is followed by converting volume to 

carbon mass according to the carbon content of wood. 

These values for carbon in growing-stock volume are 

extended to estimates of carbon in industrial roundwood 

according to factors in Table 5. The disposition of carbon 

is then based on Table 6.

The harvest scenario tables were constructed from the 

ecosystem tables by appending a reforestation table (from 

Appendix B) to an afforestation table (from Appendix A) 

at a stand age designated as a clearcut harvest. Carbon 

in harvested wood products was added by applying 

factors in Tables 4 through 6. The Appendix C tables are 

examples of how forest carbon stocks can include carbon 

in harvested wood; these are not recommendations for 

rotation length or timing of harvest. Assumptions and 

background data for compiling Tables 4, 5, and 6 (as 

well as the other starting points for calculating carbon in 

harvested wood products) are included in Appendix D. 

Despite differences in input data and extent of harvested 

carbon included, all three starting points rely on the same 

model of allocation and longevity of end uses. They differ 

only in the level of detail available as the principal source 

of information on harvested wood (Fig. 3).

Uncertainty

Estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes are based 

on regional averages and refl ect the current best available 

data for developing regional estimates. Quantitative 

expressions of uncertainty are not available for most data 

summaries, coeffi cients, or model results presented in 

the tables. However, uncertainty analyses were developed 

for previous similar estimates of carbon, from which 

our tables were developed (Heath and Smith 2000, 

Skog and others 2004, Smith and Heath 2005). Similar 

quantitative uncertainty analyses are being developed 

for these estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes in 

forests and harvested wood products.

Precision is partly dependent on the scale of the forest 

carbon sequestration project of interest. Overall, precision 

is expected to be lower as these methods are applied to 

smaller scale projects rather than regional summaries. 

That is, precision depends on the degree of specifi city in 

information about a particular forest or project. It may 

be useful to distinguish between two basic components of 

uncertainty in the application of these tables. Uncertainty 
18

about the regional averages, which are 

based on data summaries or models, can 

infl uence estimates for specifi c projects, 

which generally are small subsets of a region. 

However, variability within region likely will 

have a much greater infl uence on uncertainty 

than regional values. This is shown in Figure 

4, which is an example of the volume-tobiomass relationships used to estimate tree 

carbon from merchantable volume (columns 

2 and 3 in Table 2). Each point represents 

an individual permanent FIA inventory plot 

where the 95-percent confi dence interval 

about the mean of carbon in live trees is 

generally less than 5 percent of the mean. 

The regression line represents the regional average; the 

95-percent confi dence intervals about this mean are 

indicated in Table 10. These two relative intervals refl ect 

regional variability in biomass relative to volume. For 

example, the 99th percentile of stand growing-stock 

volumes for this forest in the FIADB is 361 m3

/ha and 

the mean carbon density for these plots is likely between 

192 and 197 t/ha (Fig. 4, ±1.4 percent of the expected 

194 t/ha). The distinction between uncertainty about 

coeffi cients and regional or temporal variability may 

also apply to calculating the disposition of carbon in 

harvested wood products as well. Uncertainty about the 

actual allocation of industrial roundwood to primary 

products may not be as important as year-to-year change 

or how activity at a single mill compares with the region 

as a whole.

Conclusions

Summing the two estimates, forest ecosystem carbon 

and carbon in harvested wood products, gives the total 

effect of forest carbon sequestration for an activity. To 

assure accuracy, conducting modest inventories will help 

show the adequacy of the tables in characterizing carbon 

sequestration.

Carbon estimates depend on available data. Tables of 

average values cannot perfectly replicate each individual 

stand. Growth and yield information applicable to 

a particular stand can provide greater precision than 

regional averages. Similarly, carbon stocks in wood 

products that are calculated from quantities of primary 

wood products are likely to be more precise than 

products calculations starting simply from area of forest. 

However, the link between forest and sequestration in 

products may be less clear when starting from primary 

wood products. Forest composition, site conditions, 

and climate differ by regions, and climate, timber 

markets, and forest management priorities are subject 

to change from year to year. The methods described in 

this publication are most useful in identifying a general 

expected magnitude of carbon in forests, and to help plan 

carbon sequestration projects to achieve a certain goal.

Figure 4.—A component of uncertainty associated with representing an 

average forest stand in the ecosystem tables. Individual points represent 

live tree carbon density for FIA permanent inventory plots for maple-beechbirch forests for the Northeast; the line represents carbon in tree biomass 

as predicted by growing-stock volume as used in Tables 2 and 3.

0

100

200

0 100 200 300 400

Growing-Stock Volume (m3

/ha)

Live Tree Carbon (t/ha)
19

Table 4.—Factors to calculate carbon in growing stock volume: softwood fraction, sawtimber-size 

fraction, and specifi c gravity by region and forest type groupa

Region Forest type

Fraction of 

growingstock 

volume that 

is softwoodb

Fraction of 

softwood 

growing-stock 

volume that 

is sawtimbersizec

Fraction of 

hardwood 

growing-stock 

volume that 

is sawtimbersizec

Specifi c

gravityd of 

softwoods

Specifi c

gravityd of 

hardwoods

Northeast

Aspen-birch 0.247 0.439 0.330 0.353 0.428

Elm-ash-cottonwood 0.047 0.471 0.586 0.358 0.470

Maple-beech-birch 0.132 0.604 0.526 0.369 0.518

Oak-hickory 0.039 0.706 0.667 0.388 0.534

Oak-pine 0.511 0.777 0.545 0.371 0.516

Spruce-fi r 0.870 0.508 0.301 0.353 0.481

White-red-jack pine 0.794 0.720 0.429 0.361 0.510

Northern 

Lake States

Aspen-birch 0.157 0.514 0.336 0.351 0.397

Elm-ash-cottonwood 0.107 0.468 0.405 0.335 0.460

Maple-beech-birch 0.094 0.669 0.422 0.356 0.496

Oak-hickory 0.042 0.605 0.473 0.369 0.534

Spruce-fi r 0.876 0.425 0.276 0.344 0.444

White-red-jack pine 0.902 0.646 0.296 0.389 0.473

Northern 

Prairie 

States

Elm-ash-cottonwood 0.004 0.443 0.563 0.424 0.453

Loblolly-shortleaf 

pine 0.843 0.686 0.352 0.468 0.544

Maple-beech-birch 0.010 0.470 0.538 0.437 0.508

Oak-hickory 0.020 0.497 0.501 0.448 0.565

Oak-pine 0.463 0.605 0.314 0.451 0.566

Ponderosa pine 0.982 0.715 0.169 0.381 0.473

Pacifi c

Northwest, 

East

Douglas-fi r 0.989 0.896 0.494 0.429 0.391

Fir-spruce-m.hemlock 0.994 0.864 0.605 0.370 0.361

Lodgepole pine 0.992 0.642 0.537 0.380 0.345

Ponderosa pine 0.996 0.906 0.254 0.385 0.513

Pacifi c 

Northwest, 

West

Alder-maple 0.365 0.895 0.635 0.402 0.385

Douglas-fi r 0.959 0.914 0.415 0.440 0.426

Fir-spruce-m.hemlock 0.992 0.905 0.296 0.399 0.417

Hemlock-Sitka spruce 0.956 0.909 0.628 0.405 0.380

Pacifi c 

Southwest

Mixed conifer 0.943 0.924 0.252 0.394 0.521

Douglas-fi r 0.857 0.919 0.320 0.429 0.483

Fir-spruce-m.hemlock 1.000 0.946 0.000 0.372 0.510

Ponderosa Pine 0.997 0.895 0.169 0.380 0.510

Redwood 0.925 0.964 0.468 0.376 0.449

Rocky 

Mountain, 

North

Douglas-fi r 0.993 0.785 0.353 0.428 0.370

Fir-spruce-m.hemlock 0.999 0.753 0.000 0.355 0.457

Hemlock-Sitka spruce 0.972 0.735 0.596 0.375 0.441

Lodgepole pine 0.999 0.540 0.219 0.383 0.391

Ponderosa pine 0.999 0.816 0.000 0.391 0.374

Continued
20

Table 4.—continued

Region Forest type

Fraction of 

growingstock volume 

that is 

softwoodb

Fraction of 

softwood 

growing-stock 

volume that 

is sawtimbersizec

Fraction of 

hardwood 

growing-stock 

volume that 

is sawtimbersizec

Specifi c

gravityd of 

softwoods

Specifi c

gravityd of 

hardwoods

Rocky 

Mountain, 

South

Aspen-birch 0.297 0.766 0.349 0.355 0.350

Douglas-fi r 0.962 0.758 0.230 0.431 0.350

Fir-sprucem.hemlock 0.958 0.770 0.367 0.342 0.350

Lodgepole pine 0.981 0.607 0.121 0.377 0.350

Ponderosa pine 0.993 0.773 0.071 0.383 0.386

Southeast

Elm-ash-cottonwood 0.030 0.817 0.551 0.433 0.499

Loblolly-shortleaf 

pine 0.889 0.556 0.326 0.469 0.494

Longleaf-slash pine 0.963 0.557 0.209 0.536 0.503

Oak-gum-cypress 0.184 0.789 0.500 0.441 0.484

Oak-hickory 0.070 0.721 0.551 0.438 0.524

Oak-pine 0.508 0.746 0.425 0.462 0.516

South 

Central 

Elm-ash-cottonwood 0.044 0.787 0.532 0.427 0.494

Loblolly-shortleaf 

pine 0.880 0.653 0.358 0.470 0.516

Longleaf-slash pine 0.929 0.723 0.269 0.531 0.504

Oak-gum-cypress 0.179 0.830 0.589 0.440 0.513

Oak-hickory 0.057 0.706 0.534 0.451 0.544

Oak-pine 0.512 0.767 0.432 0.467 0.537

Weste

Pinyon-juniper 0.986 0.783 0.042 0.422 0.620

Tanoak-laurel 0.484 0.909 0.468 0.430 0.459

Western larch 0.989 0.781 0.401 0.433 0.430

Western oak 0.419 0.899 0.206 0.416 0.590

Western white pine 1.000 0.838 0.000 0.376 --

-- = no hardwood trees in this type in this region.

a

Estimates based on survey data for the conterminous United States from USDA Forest Service, Forest 

Inventory and Analysis Program’s database of forest surveys (FIADB; USDA For. Serv. 2005) and include 

growing stock on timberland stands classifi ed as medium- or large-diameter stands. Proportions are based on 

volume of growing-stock trees.

b

To calculate fraction in hardwood, subtract fraction in softwood from 1.

c

Softwood sawtimber are trees at least 22.9 cm (9 in) d.b.h., hardwood sawtimber is at least 27.9 cm (11 in) 

d.b.h. To calculate fraction in less-than-sawtimber-size trees, subtract fraction in sawtimber from 1. Trees less 

than sawtimber-size are at least 12.7 cm (5 in) d.b.h.

d

Average wood specifi c gravity is the density of wood divided by the density of water based on wood dry mass 

associated with green tree volume.

e

West represents an average over all western regions for these forest types.
21

Table 5.—Regional factors to estimate carbon in industrial roundwood logs, bark on logs, and fuelwood

Regiona

Timber 

type

Industrial 

roundwood 

category

Ratio of 

industrial 

roundwood to 

growing-stock 

volume removed 

as roundwoodb

Ratio of carbon 

in bark to carbon 

in woodc

Fraction of 

growing-stock 

volume removed 

as roundwoodd

Ratio of 

fuelwood to 

growing-stock 

volume removed 

as roundwoodb

Northeast

SW Saw log 0.991 0.182 0.948 0.136 Pulpwood 3.079 0.185

HW Saw log 0.927 0.199 0.879 0.547 Pulpwood 2.177 0.218

North 

Central

SW Saw log 0.985 0.182 0.931 0.066 Pulpwood 1.285 0.185

HW Saw log 0.960 0.199 0.831 0.348 Pulpwood 1.387 0.218

Pacifi c 

Coast

SW Saw log 0.965 0.181 0.929 0.096 Pulpwood 1.099 0.185

HW Saw log 0.721 0.197 0.947 0.957 Pulpwood 0.324 0.219

Rocky 

Mountain

SW Saw log 0.994 0.181 0.907 0.217 Pulpwood 2.413 0.185

HW Saw log 0.832 0.201 0.755 3.165 Pulpwood 1.336 0.219

South

SW Saw log 0.990 0.182 0.891 0.019 Pulpwood 1.246 0.185

HW Saw log 0.832 0.198 0.752 0.301 Pulpwood 1.191 0.218

SW=Softwood, HW=Hardwood.

a

North Central includes the Northern Prairie States and the Northern Lake States; Pacifi c Coast includes the Pacifi c 

Northwest (West and East) and the Pacifi c Southwest; Rocky Mountain includes Rocky Mountain, North and South; and 

South includes the Southeast and South Central.

b

Values and classifi cations are based on data in Tables 2.2, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, and 6.2 of Johnson (2001). c

Ratios are calculated from carbon mass based on biomass component equations in Jenkins and others (2003) applied to all 

live trees identifi ed as growing stock on timberland stands classifi ed as medium- or large-diameter stands in the survey data 

for the conterminous United States from USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program’s database of forest 

surveys (FIADB; USDA For. Serv. 2005, Alerich and others 2005). Carbon mass is calculated for boles from stump to 4-inch 

top, outside diameter.

d

Values and classifi cations are based on data in Tables 2.9, 3.9, 4.9, 5.9, and 6.9 of Johnson (2001).
22 Table 6.—Average disposition patterns of carbon as fractions in industrial roundwood by region and roundwood category; factors assume no 

bark on industrial roundwood, which also excludes fuelwood 

Northeast, Softwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.569 0.000 0.240 0.190 0.513 0.000 0.306 0.1811 0.542 0.014 0.246 0.197 0.436 0.025 0.334 0.2042 0.517 0.027 0.252 0.203 0.372 0.046 0.359 0.2233 0.495 0.039 0.257 0.209 0.317 0.063 0.381 0.2394 0.474 0.050 0.262 0.214 0.271 0.077 0.399 0.2535 0.455 0.060 0.266 0.219 0.232 0.088 0.415 0.2656 0.438 0.069 0.270 0.223 0.197 0.098 0.429 0.2767 0.422 0.078 0.274 0.227 0.167 0.106 0.441 0.2868 0.406 0.085 0.277 0.231 0.139 0.113 0.452 0.2969 0.392 0.093 0.281 0.235 0.114 0.118 0.463 0.305

10 0.379 0.099 0.284 0.238 0.093 0.123 0.472 0.31315 0.326 0.126 0.296 0.252 0.037 0.128 0.497 0.33820 0.288 0.144 0.304 0.264 0.021 0.122 0.505 0.35225 0.259 0.158 0.311 0.273 0.016 0.114 0.509 0.36230 0.234 0.168 0.316 0.281 0.014 0.107 0.510 0.36935 0.214 0.176 0.321 0.289 0.013 0.102 0.510 0.37640 0.197 0.183 0.324 0.296 0.012 0.098 0.510 0.38145 0.182 0.189 0.327 0.302 0.011 0.094 0.510 0.38550 0.169 0.194 0.330 0.307 0.010 0.092 0.510 0.38855 0.158 0.198 0.332 0.312 0.009 0.090 0.510 0.39160 0.148 0.202 0.333 0.317 0.009 0.088 0.510 0.39365 0.139 0.205 0.335 0.321 0.008 0.087 0.510 0.39570 0.131 0.208 0.336 0.325 0.008 0.086 0.510 0.39675 0.124 0.211 0.337 0.328 0.007 0.086 0.510 0.39780 0.117 0.214 0.337 0.332 0.007 0.085 0.510 0.39885 0.111 0.216 0.338 0.335 0.007 0.085 0.510 0.39990 0.106 0.219 0.338 0.338 0.006 0.085 0.510 0.39995 0.100 0.221 0.338 0.341 0.006 0.084 0.510 0.400

100 0.095 0.223 0.338 0.344 0.006 0.084 0.510 0.400

Continued
23

Table 6.—continued 

Northeast, Hardwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.614 0.000 0.237 0.149 0.650 0.000 0.185 0.1661 0.572 0.025 0.246 0.157 0.590 0.021 0.202 0.1862 0.534 0.048 0.255 0.163 0.539 0.039 0.218 0.2033 0.500 0.067 0.263 0.170 0.496 0.054 0.232 0.2184 0.469 0.085 0.271 0.175 0.459 0.067 0.244 0.2315 0.440 0.102 0.278 0.180 0.426 0.078 0.254 0.2426 0.415 0.116 0.284 0.185 0.398 0.087 0.263 0.2537 0.391 0.129 0.290 0.190 0.372 0.095 0.271 0.2628 0.369 0.141 0.295 0.194 0.349 0.102 0.279 0.2719 0.349 0.152 0.300 0.198 0.327 0.108 0.286 0.279

10 0.331 0.162 0.305 0.202 0.308 0.114 0.292 0.28615 0.260 0.198 0.324 0.218 0.252 0.127 0.310 0.31120 0.212 0.221 0.338 0.229 0.226 0.130 0.319 0.32525 0.178 0.235 0.348 0.239 0.211 0.131 0.323 0.33530 0.152 0.245 0.356 0.247 0.198 0.132 0.327 0.34335 0.131 0.253 0.362 0.254 0.187 0.133 0.329 0.35140 0.115 0.258 0.368 0.260 0.178 0.134 0.331 0.35745 0.102 0.262 0.372 0.265 0.169 0.136 0.333 0.36350 0.090 0.265 0.375 0.269 0.160 0.138 0.334 0.36855 0.081 0.268 0.378 0.273 0.153 0.140 0.335 0.37360 0.073 0.270 0.380 0.277 0.146 0.142 0.335 0.37765 0.066 0.272 0.382 0.280 0.139 0.144 0.336 0.38170 0.059 0.274 0.384 0.283 0.133 0.146 0.336 0.38575 0.054 0.275 0.385 0.286 0.127 0.148 0.336 0.38880 0.049 0.277 0.386 0.288 0.122 0.150 0.336 0.39285 0.045 0.278 0.386 0.290 0.117 0.152 0.336 0.39590 0.041 0.279 0.387 0.293 0.112 0.154 0.336 0.39895 0.038 0.280 0.387 0.294 0.108 0.156 0.336 0.400

100 0.035 0.281 0.387 0.296 0.103 0.158 0.336 0.403

Continued
24 Table 6.—continued 

North Central, Softwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after 

production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.630 0.000 0.249 0.121 0.514 0.000 0.305 0.1801 0.599 0.016 0.257 0.127 0.438 0.025 0.332 0.2042 0.570 0.032 0.265 0.133 0.374 0.046 0.356 0.2233 0.544 0.045 0.272 0.138 0.320 0.063 0.377 0.2404 0.520 0.058 0.279 0.143 0.274 0.077 0.396 0.2545 0.499 0.069 0.285 0.147 0.235 0.088 0.411 0.2666 0.478 0.080 0.291 0.151 0.200 0.097 0.425 0.2787 0.459 0.090 0.296 0.154 0.170 0.105 0.437 0.2888 0.442 0.099 0.301 0.158 0.143 0.112 0.448 0.2979 0.425 0.107 0.306 0.162 0.118 0.118 0.458 0.306

10 0.410 0.115 0.310 0.165 0.096 0.122 0.467 0.31415 0.349 0.145 0.327 0.178 0.041 0.127 0.491 0.34020 0.306 0.166 0.339 0.189 0.024 0.121 0.500 0.35425 0.272 0.181 0.348 0.198 0.020 0.113 0.503 0.36430 0.245 0.193 0.356 0.206 0.018 0.107 0.504 0.37235 0.222 0.202 0.362 0.213 0.016 0.101 0.504 0.37840 0.203 0.210 0.367 0.220 0.015 0.097 0.504 0.38345 0.187 0.216 0.371 0.226 0.014 0.094 0.504 0.38750 0.173 0.221 0.374 0.231 0.014 0.091 0.504 0.39155 0.161 0.225 0.377 0.236 0.013 0.089 0.504 0.39360 0.151 0.229 0.379 0.241 0.012 0.088 0.504 0.39565 0.141 0.233 0.381 0.245 0.012 0.087 0.504 0.39770 0.133 0.236 0.382 0.249 0.011 0.086 0.504 0.39975 0.125 0.239 0.383 0.253 0.010 0.086 0.504 0.40080 0.118 0.241 0.384 0.257 0.010 0.085 0.504 0.40185 0.112 0.244 0.385 0.260 0.009 0.085 0.504 0.40190 0.106 0.246 0.385 0.263 0.009 0.085 0.504 0.40295 0.101 0.248 0.385 0.266 0.009 0.085 0.504 0.402

100 0.096 0.250 0.385 0.269 0.008 0.084 0.504 0.403
25

Continued

Table 6.—continued 

North Central, Hardwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.585 0.000 0.253 0.162 0.685 0.000 0.165 0.1501 0.544 0.024 0.262 0.170 0.630 0.020 0.181 0.1692 0.507 0.046 0.271 0.177 0.582 0.038 0.196 0.1843 0.473 0.065 0.279 0.183 0.541 0.052 0.209 0.1984 0.443 0.082 0.286 0.189 0.506 0.064 0.219 0.2105 0.416 0.097 0.293 0.194 0.476 0.075 0.229 0.2206 0.391 0.111 0.299 0.199 0.448 0.084 0.237 0.2307 0.368 0.124 0.305 0.203 0.424 0.092 0.245 0.2398 0.347 0.135 0.310 0.208 0.401 0.099 0.252 0.2479 0.328 0.146 0.315 0.212 0.381 0.106 0.259 0.255

10 0.310 0.155 0.320 0.216 0.362 0.111 0.265 0.26215 0.242 0.189 0.338 0.231 0.306 0.127 0.282 0.28520 0.197 0.210 0.350 0.243 0.278 0.132 0.291 0.29925 0.165 0.224 0.360 0.252 0.259 0.136 0.296 0.30930 0.140 0.233 0.367 0.260 0.244 0.138 0.300 0.31735 0.121 0.239 0.373 0.267 0.231 0.141 0.303 0.32540 0.106 0.244 0.378 0.272 0.219 0.144 0.306 0.33145 0.093 0.248 0.381 0.278 0.208 0.147 0.308 0.33750 0.083 0.251 0.384 0.282 0.198 0.150 0.309 0.34355 0.074 0.253 0.387 0.286 0.189 0.153 0.311 0.34860 0.066 0.255 0.389 0.290 0.180 0.156 0.312 0.35365 0.060 0.257 0.390 0.293 0.172 0.159 0.313 0.35770 0.054 0.259 0.391 0.296 0.164 0.161 0.313 0.36175 0.049 0.260 0.392 0.299 0.157 0.164 0.314 0.36580 0.045 0.261 0.393 0.301 0.150 0.167 0.314 0.36885 0.041 0.262 0.393 0.304 0.144 0.170 0.315 0.37290 0.038 0.263 0.393 0.306 0.138 0.172 0.315 0.37595 0.035 0.264 0.393 0.308 0.133 0.175 0.315 0.378

100 0.032 0.265 0.393 0.309 0.127 0.177 0.315 0.381

Continued
26 Table 6.—continued 

Pacifi c Northwest, East, Softwood

All

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.637 0.000 0.197 0.1661 0.601 0.016 0.207 0.1762 0.569 0.031 0.215 0.1853 0.541 0.043 0.223 0.1924 0.516 0.055 0.230 0.1995 0.494 0.065 0.236 0.2056 0.473 0.074 0.242 0.2117 0.454 0.083 0.247 0.2168 0.437 0.090 0.251 0.2219 0.420 0.098 0.256 0.226

10 0.405 0.104 0.260 0.23115 0.351 0.127 0.274 0.24820 0.315 0.143 0.283 0.26025 0.287 0.154 0.289 0.27030 0.264 0.163 0.294 0.27935 0.245 0.170 0.298 0.28740 0.228 0.177 0.301 0.29445 0.213 0.182 0.304 0.30150 0.199 0.188 0.306 0.30755 0.187 0.192 0.308 0.31360 0.176 0.196 0.309 0.31865 0.166 0.200 0.310 0.32370 0.157 0.204 0.311 0.32875 0.149 0.207 0.311 0.33380 0.141 0.210 0.312 0.33785 0.134 0.213 0.312 0.34190 0.128 0.216 0.312 0.34595 0.121 0.219 0.312 0.348

100 0.116 0.221 0.312 0.351

Continued
27

Table 6.—continued 

Pacifi c Northwest, West, Softwoods

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.740 0.000 0.125 0.135 0.500 0.000 0.352 0.1481 0.703 0.018 0.134 0.144 0.422 0.026 0.382 0.1702 0.670 0.035 0.141 0.153 0.357 0.047 0.409 0.1873 0.640 0.050 0.148 0.161 0.301 0.064 0.433 0.2024 0.613 0.064 0.154 0.169 0.254 0.078 0.453 0.2155 0.589 0.076 0.160 0.176 0.215 0.089 0.471 0.2266 0.566 0.088 0.165 0.182 0.180 0.098 0.486 0.2367 0.545 0.098 0.169 0.188 0.150 0.106 0.499 0.2458 0.525 0.108 0.174 0.194 0.121 0.112 0.512 0.2549 0.506 0.117 0.178 0.199 0.096 0.118 0.523 0.262

10 0.489 0.125 0.182 0.204 0.075 0.122 0.533 0.27015 0.423 0.157 0.196 0.224 0.020 0.127 0.559 0.29520 0.376 0.179 0.206 0.239 0.004 0.119 0.567 0.30925 0.340 0.195 0.213 0.252 0.001 0.110 0.569 0.31930 0.310 0.208 0.219 0.263 0.000 0.103 0.569 0.32735 0.284 0.218 0.224 0.273 0.000 0.097 0.569 0.33440 0.263 0.227 0.228 0.282 0.000 0.092 0.569 0.33945 0.244 0.234 0.232 0.290 0.000 0.088 0.569 0.34250 0.228 0.240 0.234 0.298 0.000 0.085 0.569 0.34555 0.213 0.246 0.237 0.305 0.000 0.083 0.569 0.34860 0.200 0.251 0.238 0.311 0.000 0.081 0.569 0.34965 0.188 0.255 0.240 0.317 0.000 0.080 0.569 0.35170 0.178 0.259 0.240 0.322 0.000 0.079 0.569 0.35275 0.168 0.263 0.241 0.328 0.000 0.078 0.569 0.35380 0.159 0.267 0.242 0.332 0.000 0.077 0.569 0.35385 0.151 0.270 0.242 0.337 0.000 0.077 0.569 0.35490 0.143 0.273 0.242 0.341 0.000 0.076 0.569 0.35495 0.136 0.276 0.242 0.345 0.000 0.076 0.569 0.355

100 0.130 0.279 0.242 0.349 0.000 0.076 0.569 0.355

Continued
28 Table 6.—continued

 Pacifi c Northwest, West, Hardwood Pacifi c Southwest, Softwood

All All

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.531 0.000 0.288 0.181 0.675 0.000 0.170 0.1561 0.481 0.021 0.305 0.193 0.637 0.018 0.180 0.1662 0.438 0.040 0.319 0.204 0.602 0.034 0.189 0.1753 0.400 0.055 0.332 0.213 0.572 0.048 0.197 0.1834 0.367 0.069 0.343 0.221 0.545 0.061 0.204 0.1915 0.338 0.081 0.352 0.229 0.521 0.072 0.210 0.1976 0.312 0.091 0.361 0.235 0.498 0.082 0.216 0.2047 0.289 0.100 0.369 0.241 0.478 0.092 0.221 0.2098 0.268 0.109 0.377 0.247 0.458 0.101 0.226 0.2159 0.248 0.116 0.383 0.252 0.440 0.109 0.231 0.220

10 0.231 0.122 0.390 0.257 0.424 0.116 0.235 0.22515 0.174 0.142 0.409 0.275 0.363 0.143 0.250 0.24320 0.143 0.152 0.420 0.285 0.323 0.161 0.260 0.25725 0.122 0.157 0.427 0.294 0.292 0.173 0.268 0.26730 0.107 0.160 0.432 0.301 0.266 0.183 0.273 0.27735 0.095 0.162 0.436 0.306 0.245 0.192 0.278 0.28540 0.085 0.164 0.440 0.312 0.226 0.198 0.282 0.29345 0.076 0.166 0.442 0.316 0.210 0.204 0.285 0.30050 0.069 0.167 0.444 0.320 0.196 0.210 0.288 0.30655 0.062 0.169 0.445 0.324 0.184 0.214 0.290 0.31260 0.057 0.170 0.446 0.327 0.173 0.218 0.292 0.31765 0.052 0.171 0.447 0.330 0.162 0.222 0.293 0.32270 0.048 0.172 0.447 0.333 0.153 0.226 0.294 0.32775 0.044 0.173 0.447 0.336 0.145 0.229 0.295 0.33180 0.040 0.174 0.448 0.338 0.137 0.232 0.296 0.33585 0.037 0.175 0.448 0.340 0.130 0.235 0.296 0.33990 0.035 0.176 0.448 0.342 0.124 0.238 0.296 0.34395 0.032 0.177 0.448 0.344 0.117 0.240 0.296 0.346

100 0.030 0.177 0.448 0.345 0.112 0.243 0.296 0.349

Continued
29

Table 6.—continued

Rocky Mountain, Softwood

All

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.704 0.000 0.209 0.0871 0.664 0.019 0.223 0.0942 0.628 0.036 0.235 0.1013 0.595 0.051 0.247 0.1074 0.567 0.065 0.256 0.1125 0.541 0.077 0.265 0.1186 0.517 0.088 0.273 0.1227 0.495 0.098 0.280 0.1278 0.474 0.107 0.287 0.1319 0.455 0.116 0.294 0.135

10 0.438 0.124 0.300 0.13915 0.373 0.152 0.320 0.15420 0.330 0.171 0.333 0.16525 0.297 0.185 0.343 0.17530 0.271 0.195 0.350 0.18435 0.248 0.204 0.356 0.19240 0.229 0.211 0.360 0.20045 0.213 0.217 0.364 0.20750 0.198 0.222 0.367 0.21355 0.185 0.227 0.369 0.21960 0.174 0.231 0.371 0.22565 0.163 0.235 0.372 0.23070 0.154 0.238 0.373 0.23575 0.146 0.241 0.373 0.24080 0.138 0.244 0.373 0.24485 0.131 0.247 0.373 0.24990 0.124 0.250 0.373 0.25395 0.118 0.253 0.373 0.256

100 0.112 0.255 0.373 0.260

Continued
30 Table 6.—continued 

Southeast, Softwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.636 0.000 0.260 0.104 0.553 0.000 0.276 0.1711 0.601 0.017 0.270 0.112 0.482 0.024 0.300 0.1932 0.570 0.032 0.279 0.119 0.422 0.044 0.323 0.2113 0.541 0.045 0.288 0.125 0.370 0.061 0.342 0.2274 0.516 0.057 0.296 0.131 0.327 0.074 0.359 0.2415 0.493 0.068 0.303 0.136 0.290 0.085 0.373 0.2526 0.472 0.078 0.310 0.140 0.257 0.094 0.385 0.2637 0.453 0.087 0.315 0.145 0.229 0.102 0.396 0.2738 0.435 0.095 0.321 0.149 0.202 0.109 0.407 0.2829 0.418 0.103 0.326 0.153 0.178 0.115 0.416 0.291

10 0.402 0.110 0.331 0.157 0.158 0.119 0.425 0.29815 0.345 0.136 0.347 0.172 0.102 0.127 0.448 0.32320 0.306 0.153 0.357 0.184 0.083 0.123 0.456 0.33725 0.276 0.166 0.364 0.194 0.075 0.118 0.460 0.34730 0.251 0.176 0.370 0.203 0.070 0.113 0.462 0.35535 0.231 0.184 0.374 0.211 0.066 0.110 0.463 0.36140 0.213 0.190 0.378 0.219 0.063 0.107 0.463 0.36745 0.198 0.196 0.381 0.226 0.060 0.105 0.463 0.37250 0.184 0.201 0.383 0.232 0.057 0.104 0.463 0.37655 0.172 0.206 0.384 0.238 0.054 0.103 0.463 0.38060 0.162 0.209 0.385 0.244 0.052 0.103 0.463 0.38365 0.152 0.213 0.386 0.249 0.049 0.103 0.463 0.38570 0.144 0.216 0.386 0.254 0.047 0.103 0.463 0.38775 0.136 0.219 0.386 0.259 0.045 0.103 0.463 0.38980 0.128 0.222 0.386 0.263 0.043 0.103 0.463 0.39185 0.122 0.225 0.386 0.267 0.041 0.104 0.463 0.39290 0.116 0.227 0.386 0.271 0.040 0.104 0.463 0.39395 0.110 0.230 0.386 0.274 0.038 0.105 0.463 0.395

100 0.104 0.232 0.386 0.277 0.036 0.105 0.463 0.396

Continued
31

Table 6.—continued 

Southeast, Hardwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.609 0.000 0.225 0.166 0.591 0.000 0.225 0.1851 0.565 0.025 0.234 0.176 0.524 0.023 0.245 0.2082 0.526 0.047 0.243 0.184 0.467 0.042 0.263 0.2273 0.491 0.066 0.252 0.192 0.419 0.058 0.279 0.2444 0.459 0.083 0.259 0.198 0.378 0.071 0.293 0.2585 0.431 0.099 0.266 0.205 0.343 0.082 0.305 0.2716 0.405 0.113 0.272 0.210 0.312 0.091 0.315 0.2827 0.381 0.126 0.278 0.216 0.285 0.099 0.324 0.2928 0.359 0.137 0.283 0.221 0.259 0.106 0.333 0.3029 0.339 0.147 0.288 0.225 0.236 0.112 0.341 0.311

10 0.321 0.157 0.293 0.230 0.216 0.117 0.348 0.31915 0.252 0.190 0.310 0.248 0.161 0.126 0.368 0.34520 0.207 0.211 0.322 0.261 0.139 0.125 0.376 0.36025 0.175 0.224 0.331 0.271 0.128 0.123 0.379 0.37030 0.150 0.233 0.337 0.280 0.121 0.120 0.382 0.37835 0.131 0.239 0.343 0.287 0.114 0.118 0.383 0.38540 0.115 0.244 0.347 0.294 0.108 0.117 0.384 0.39145 0.102 0.248 0.351 0.299 0.103 0.117 0.384 0.39650 0.091 0.251 0.353 0.304 0.098 0.117 0.385 0.40155 0.082 0.254 0.355 0.309 0.093 0.117 0.385 0.40560 0.074 0.256 0.357 0.313 0.089 0.117 0.385 0.40965 0.067 0.258 0.358 0.317 0.085 0.118 0.385 0.41270 0.061 0.260 0.359 0.320 0.081 0.119 0.385 0.41575 0.056 0.261 0.360 0.323 0.078 0.120 0.385 0.41880 0.051 0.263 0.361 0.326 0.074 0.121 0.385 0.42085 0.047 0.264 0.361 0.328 0.071 0.122 0.385 0.42290 0.043 0.265 0.361 0.331 0.068 0.123 0.385 0.42495 0.040 0.266 0.361 0.333 0.066 0.124 0.385 0.426

100 0.037 0.267 0.361 0.335 0.063 0.125 0.385 0.427

Continued
32 Table 6.—continued

South Central, Softwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.629 0.000 0.228 0.143 0.570 0.000 0.266 0.1641 0.594 0.016 0.237 0.153 0.501 0.024 0.290 0.1852 0.563 0.030 0.246 0.160 0.442 0.043 0.312 0.2033 0.536 0.043 0.254 0.167 0.393 0.059 0.330 0.2184 0.511 0.055 0.261 0.174 0.350 0.073 0.346 0.2315 0.489 0.065 0.267 0.179 0.314 0.084 0.360 0.2426 0.469 0.074 0.272 0.184 0.282 0.093 0.373 0.2537 0.451 0.083 0.277 0.189 0.254 0.101 0.383 0.2628 0.433 0.090 0.282 0.194 0.228 0.108 0.394 0.2719 0.417 0.098 0.287 0.199 0.204 0.114 0.403 0.279

10 0.402 0.104 0.291 0.203 0.184 0.118 0.411 0.28715 0.347 0.129 0.305 0.219 0.129 0.127 0.434 0.31120 0.310 0.145 0.314 0.231 0.108 0.125 0.443 0.32525 0.282 0.156 0.320 0.242 0.099 0.120 0.447 0.33430 0.258 0.166 0.325 0.251 0.093 0.117 0.449 0.34235 0.238 0.173 0.329 0.259 0.087 0.114 0.450 0.34940 0.221 0.180 0.332 0.267 0.083 0.112 0.451 0.35445 0.206 0.186 0.334 0.274 0.079 0.111 0.451 0.36050 0.193 0.191 0.336 0.280 0.075 0.110 0.451 0.36455 0.181 0.195 0.338 0.286 0.071 0.110 0.451 0.36860 0.170 0.200 0.339 0.292 0.068 0.110 0.451 0.37165 0.160 0.203 0.340 0.297 0.065 0.110 0.451 0.37470 0.151 0.207 0.340 0.302 0.062 0.110 0.451 0.37775 0.143 0.210 0.340 0.307 0.059 0.111 0.451 0.37980 0.135 0.213 0.340 0.311 0.057 0.112 0.451 0.38185 0.128 0.216 0.340 0.315 0.054 0.112 0.451 0.38390 0.122 0.219 0.340 0.319 0.052 0.113 0.451 0.38495 0.116 0.221 0.340 0.322 0.050 0.114 0.451 0.386

100 0.110 0.224 0.340 0.325 0.048 0.114 0.451 0.387

Continued
33

Table 6.—continued 

South Central, Hardwood

Saw log Pulpwood

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.587 0.000 0.237 0.176 0.581 0.000 0.228 0.1911 0.543 0.024 0.247 0.186 0.513 0.023 0.249 0.2142 0.503 0.046 0.257 0.194 0.455 0.043 0.268 0.2343 0.468 0.064 0.265 0.202 0.406 0.059 0.285 0.2504 0.437 0.081 0.273 0.209 0.365 0.072 0.298 0.2655 0.409 0.096 0.280 0.215 0.329 0.083 0.310 0.2786 0.383 0.109 0.286 0.221 0.298 0.092 0.321 0.2897 0.360 0.121 0.292 0.227 0.270 0.100 0.331 0.3008 0.338 0.132 0.298 0.232 0.244 0.107 0.340 0.3109 0.319 0.142 0.303 0.237 0.221 0.113 0.348 0.319

10 0.301 0.151 0.307 0.241 0.201 0.117 0.355 0.32715 0.235 0.182 0.325 0.258 0.146 0.126 0.375 0.35320 0.192 0.201 0.336 0.271 0.125 0.125 0.383 0.36825 0.162 0.213 0.344 0.281 0.115 0.121 0.386 0.37830 0.140 0.221 0.351 0.289 0.108 0.118 0.388 0.38635 0.122 0.226 0.356 0.297 0.102 0.116 0.390 0.39340 0.107 0.230 0.360 0.303 0.096 0.114 0.391 0.39945 0.095 0.234 0.363 0.308 0.092 0.114 0.391 0.40450 0.085 0.237 0.365 0.313 0.087 0.113 0.391 0.40955 0.077 0.239 0.367 0.317 0.083 0.113 0.391 0.41360 0.069 0.241 0.369 0.321 0.079 0.113 0.391 0.41665 0.063 0.243 0.370 0.325 0.076 0.114 0.391 0.41970 0.057 0.244 0.371 0.328 0.072 0.115 0.391 0.42275 0.052 0.246 0.371 0.331 0.069 0.115 0.391 0.42480 0.048 0.247 0.372 0.334 0.066 0.116 0.391 0.42785 0.044 0.248 0.372 0.336 0.064 0.117 0.391 0.42890 0.040 0.249 0.372 0.338 0.061 0.118 0.391 0.43095 0.037 0.250 0.372 0.341 0.059 0.119 0.391 0.432

100 0.034 0.251 0.372 0.342 0.056 0.120 0.391 0.433

Continued
34 Table 6.—continued 

West, Hardwood

All

Year after production In use Landfi ll Energy

Emitted 

without 

energy

0 0.568 0.000 0.256 0.1771 0.529 0.018 0.267 0.1862 0.494 0.034 0.277 0.1953 0.464 0.048 0.286 0.2024 0.437 0.061 0.294 0.2085 0.412 0.073 0.301 0.2146 0.390 0.083 0.308 0.2207 0.369 0.092 0.314 0.2258 0.350 0.101 0.319 0.2309 0.332 0.109 0.325 0.234

10 0.316 0.116 0.330 0.23915 0.256 0.143 0.347 0.25520 0.217 0.159 0.358 0.26625 0.188 0.171 0.367 0.27530 0.165 0.179 0.373 0.28335 0.146 0.186 0.379 0.28940 0.130 0.192 0.383 0.29545 0.116 0.196 0.387 0.30050 0.105 0.200 0.390 0.30555 0.095 0.203 0.393 0.30960 0.087 0.205 0.395 0.31365 0.079 0.208 0.396 0.31670 0.073 0.210 0.398 0.31975 0.067 0.212 0.399 0.32280 0.062 0.213 0.400 0.32585 0.058 0.215 0.400 0.32790 0.053 0.216 0.401 0.33095 0.050 0.218 0.401 0.332

100 0.046 0.219 0.401 0.334
35

Table 7.—Factors to convert primary wood products to carbon mass from the units 

characteristic of each product

Solidwood product or paper Unit

Factor to 

convert units 

to tons (2000 

lb) carbon

Factor to 

convert units 

to tonnes 

carbon

Softwood lumber/laminated 

veneer lumber/glulam lumber/ 

I-joists

thousand board feet 0.488 0.443

Hardwood lumber thousand board feet 0.844 0.765

Softwood plywood thousand square 

feet, 3/8-inch basis 0.260 0.236

Oriented strandboard thousand square 

feet, 3/8-inch basis 0.303 0.275

Non structural panels (average) thousand square 

feet, 3/8-inch basis 0.319 0.289

 Hardwood veneer/plywood thousand square 

feet, 3/8-inch basis 0.315 0.286

 Particleboard/medium 

 density fi berboard

thousand square 

feet, 3/4-inch basis 0.647 0.587

 Hardboard thousand square 

feet,1/8-inch basis 0.152 0.138

 Insulation board thousand square 

feet, 1/2-inch basis 0.242 0.220

Other industrial products thousand cubic feet 8.250 7.484

Paper tons, air dry 0.450 0.496
36

Table 8.—Fraction of carbon in primary wood products remaining in end uses up to 100 years after 

production (year 0 indicates fraction at time of production, with fraction for year 1 the allocation 

after 1 year)

Year after 

production

Softwood 

lumber

Hardwood 

lumber

Softwood 

plywood

Oriented 

strandboard

Nonstructural 

panels

Miscellaneous 

products

Paper

0 1111111

1 0.973 0.938 0.976 0.983 0.969 0.944 0.845

2 0.947 0.882 0.952 0.967 0.939 0.891 0.713

3 0.922 0.831 0.930 0.952 0.911 0.841 0.603

4 0.898 0.784 0.909 0.937 0.883 0.794 0.509

5 0.875 0.741 0.888 0.922 0.857 0.749 0.430

6 0.854 0.701 0.869 0.908 0.832 0.707 0.360

7 0.833 0.665 0.850 0.895 0.808 0.667 0.299

8 0.813 0.631 0.832 0.881 0.785 0.630 0.243

9 0.795 0.600 0.815 0.869 0.763 0.595 0.192

10 0.777 0.571 0.798 0.856 0.741 0.561 0.149

11 0.760 0.545 0.782 0.844 0.721 0.530 0.115

12 0.743 0.520 0.767 0.832 0.701 0.500 0.088

13 0.728 0.497 0.752 0.821 0.683 0.472 0.068

14 0.712 0.476 0.738 0.810 0.665 0.445 0.052

15 0.698 0.456 0.724 0.799 0.647 0.420 0.040

16 0.684 0.438 0.711 0.789 0.630 0.397 0.030

17 0.671 0.421 0.698 0.778 0.614 0.375 0.023

18 0.658 0.405 0.685 0.768 0.599 0.354 0.018

19 0.645 0.389 0.673 0.759 0.584 0.334 0.013

20 0.633 0.375 0.662 0.749 0.569 0.315 0.009

21 0.622 0.362 0.650 0.740 0.555 0.297 0.006

22 0.611 0.349 0.639 0.731 0.542 0.281 0.005

23 0.600 0.337 0.629 0.722 0.529 0.265 0.004

24 0.589 0.326 0.619 0.713 0.517 0.250 0.003

25 0.579 0.316 0.609 0.705 0.505 0.236 0.002

26 0.569 0.306 0.599 0.697 0.493 0.223 0.002

27 0.560 0.296 0.589 0.689 0.482 0.210 0.001

28 0.551 0.287 0.580 0.681 0.471 0.198 0.001

29 0.542 0.278 0.571 0.673 0.460 0.187 0.001

30 0.533 0.270 0.563 0.666 0.450 0.177 0.001

31 0.525 0.263 0.554 0.658 0.440 0.167 0.000

32 0.517 0.255 0.546 0.651 0.431 0.157 0.000

33 0.509 0.248 0.538 0.644 0.421 0.149 0.000

34 0.501 0.241 0.530 0.637 0.412 0.140 0.000

35 0.494 0.235 0.522 0.630 0.404 0.132 0.000

36 0.487 0.229 0.515 0.623 0.395 0.125 0.000

37 0.480 0.223 0.508 0.617 0.387 0.118 0.000

38 0.473 0.217 0.500 0.610 0.379 0.111 0.000

39 0.466 0.211 0.493 0.604 0.372 0.105 0.000

40 0.459 0.206 0.487 0.598 0.364 0.099 0.000

Continued
37

Table 8.—continued

Year after 

production

Softwood 

lumber

Hardwood 

lumber

Softwood 

plywood

Oriented 

strandboard

Nonstructural 

panels

Miscellaneous 

products

Paper

41 0.453 0.201 0.480 0.592 0.357 0.094 0.000

42 0.447 0.196 0.474 0.586 0.350 0.088 0.000

43 0.441 0.191 0.467 0.580 0.343 0.083 0.000

44 0.435 0.187 0.461 0.574 0.337 0.079 0.000

45 0.429 0.183 0.455 0.568 0.330 0.074 0.000

46 0.423 0.178 0.449 0.563 0.324 0.070 0.000

47 0.418 0.174 0.443 0.557 0.318 0.066 0.000

48 0.413 0.170 0.437 0.552 0.312 0.063 0.000

49 0.407 0.166 0.432 0.546 0.306 0.059 0.000

50 0.402 0.163 0.426 0.541 0.301 0.056 0.000

55 0.378 0.146 0.401 0.516 0.275 0.042 0.000

60 0.356 0.131 0.377 0.493 0.252 0.031 0.000

65 0.336 0.119 0.356 0.471 0.232 0.023 0.000

70 0.318 0.108 0.336 0.450 0.214 0.018 0.000

75 0.301 0.098 0.318 0.431 0.198 0.013 0.000

80 0.286 0.090 0.301 0.413 0.183 0.010 0.000

85 0.271 0.082 0.286 0.395 0.170 0.007 0.000

90 0.258 0.075 0.271 0.379 0.159 0.006 0.000

95 0.246 0.069 0.258 0.364 0.148 0.004 0.000

100 0.234 0.064 0.245 0.349 0.138 0.003 0.000
38

Table 9.—Fraction of carbon in primary wood products remaining in landfi lls up to 100 years after 

production (year 0 indicates fraction at time of production, with fraction for year 1 the allocation 

after 1 year)

Year after 

production

Softwood 

lumber

Hardwood 

lumber

Softwood 

plywood

Oriented 

strandboard 

Nonstructural 

panels

Miscellaneous 

products

Paper

00000000

1 0.018 0.041 0.016 0.011 0.021 0.037 0.051

2 0.035 0.078 0.032 0.021 0.040 0.072 0.093

3 0.051 0.111 0.046 0.032 0.059 0.104 0.128

4 0.067 0.141 0.060 0.041 0.076 0.134 0.155

5 0.081 0.168 0.073 0.050 0.093 0.163 0.178

6 0.094 0.193 0.085 0.059 0.108 0.189 0.196

7 0.107 0.215 0.096 0.068 0.123 0.213 0.211

8 0.119 0.235 0.107 0.076 0.137 0.236 0.225

9 0.130 0.254 0.118 0.084 0.151 0.257 0.236

10 0.141 0.270 0.128 0.091 0.163 0.277 0.245

11 0.151 0.285 0.137 0.098 0.176 0.296 0.251

12 0.161 0.299 0.146 0.105 0.187 0.313 0.254

13 0.170 0.312 0.155 0.112 0.198 0.329 0.255

14 0.178 0.323 0.163 0.118 0.208 0.344 0.255

15 0.187 0.334 0.171 0.124 0.218 0.357 0.253

16 0.194 0.344 0.178 0.130 0.227 0.370 0.251

17 0.202 0.352 0.185 0.136 0.236 0.382 0.248

18 0.209 0.361 0.192 0.142 0.245 0.393 0.245

19 0.215 0.368 0.199 0.147 0.253 0.403 0.242

20 0.222 0.375 0.205 0.152 0.261 0.413 0.239

21 0.228 0.381 0.211 0.157 0.268 0.422 0.235

22 0.234 0.387 0.217 0.162 0.275 0.430 0.232

23 0.239 0.392 0.222 0.167 0.282 0.438 0.228

24 0.245 0.397 0.227 0.171 0.288 0.445 0.224

25 0.250 0.402 0.233 0.176 0.294 0.451 0.221

26 0.255 0.406 0.238 0.180 0.300 0.457 0.218

27 0.259 0.410 0.242 0.184 0.306 0.463 0.214

28 0.264 0.414 0.247 0.188 0.311 0.468 0.211

29 0.268 0.417 0.251 0.192 0.316 0.473 0.209

30 0.272 0.421 0.256 0.196 0.321 0.477 0.206

31 0.276 0.424 0.260 0.200 0.326 0.481 0.203

32 0.280 0.426 0.264 0.204 0.330 0.485 0.200

33 0.284 0.429 0.268 0.207 0.335 0.488 0.198

34 0.287 0.432 0.272 0.211 0.339 0.491 0.196

35 0.291 0.434 0.275 0.214 0.343 0.494 0.194

36 0.294 0.436 0.279 0.217 0.347 0.497 0.191

37 0.298 0.438 0.282 0.221 0.350 0.499 0.189

38 0.301 0.440 0.286 0.224 0.354 0.502 0.187

39 0.304 0.442 0.289 0.227 0.357 0.504 0.186

40 0.307 0.444 0.292 0.230 0.361 0.506 0.184

Continued
39

Table 9.—continued

Year after 

production

Softwood 

lumber

Hardwood 

lumber

Softwood 

plywood

Oriented 

strandboard 

Nonstructural 

panels

Miscellaneous 

products

Paper

41 0.310 0.446 0.295 0.233 0.364 0.507 0.182

42 0.312 0.447 0.298 0.236 0.367 0.509 0.181

43 0.315 0.449 0.301 0.239 0.370 0.510 0.179

44 0.318 0.450 0.304 0.241 0.373 0.512 0.178

45 0.320 0.452 0.307 0.244 0.376 0.513 0.176

46 0.323 0.453 0.309 0.247 0.378 0.514 0.175

47 0.325 0.454 0.312 0.249 0.381 0.515 0.174

48 0.328 0.456 0.315 0.252 0.384 0.516 0.173

49 0.330 0.457 0.317 0.255 0.386 0.516 0.172

50 0.332 0.458 0.320 0.257 0.388 0.517 0.171

55 0.343 0.463 0.331 0.269 0.399 0.520 0.166

60 0.352 0.468 0.342 0.280 0.408 0.521 0.162

65 0.361 0.472 0.351 0.290 0.417 0.521 0.160

70 0.369 0.475 0.360 0.300 0.424 0.521 0.157

75 0.376 0.478 0.368 0.309 0.430 0.521 0.156

80 0.382 0.481 0.375 0.317 0.436 0.521 0.154

85 0.389 0.483 0.382 0.325 0.441 0.520 0.153

90 0.395 0.486 0.388 0.333 0.446 0.519 0.152

95 0.400 0.488 0.394 0.340 0.450 0.519 0.152

100 0.405 0.490 0.400 0.347 0.454 0.518 0.151
40 Table 10.—Confi dence intervals for the estimates of carbon density for live and standing dead trees at the 50th and 99th percentiles of volume. The 

percentiles refl ect the distribution of stand-level volume in survey data for the conterminous United States.a The 95-percent intervals about the 

expected carbon density are represented as the percentage of the carbon density; thus, the interval is ± the percentage. 

Forest type-regionb

Volume at the 50th percentile Volume at the 99th percentile

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent

Aspen-birch, Northeast 52 47 3.3 7 7.7 279 140 3.0 17 11.0Maple-beech-birch, Northeast

118 87 1.0 13 4.3 361 194 1.4 18 7.6

Oak-hickory, Northeast 120 90 1.0 8 5.7 392 226 1.3 10 10.6Oak-pine, Northeast 124 85 3.1 8 15.8 430 216 3.5 11 29.5Spruce-balsam fi r, Northeast

82 60 2.0 14 6.4 374 170 2.5 18 11.3

White-red-jack pine, Northeast

182 103 2.0 11 12.6 572 241 3.2 14 25.5

Aspen-birch, Northern Lake States 

54 44 1.2 10 5.6 311 153 1.2 20 7.7

Elm-ash-cottonwood, Northern Lake States

60 54 2.3 11 9.2 514 270 2.2 18 16.3

Maple-beech-birch, Northern Lake States

108 84 0.8 10 4.8 348 207 1.0 12 9.1

Oak-hickory, Northern Lake States

84 80 1.0 8 5.4 343 230 1.3 12 10.4

Spruce-balsam fi r, Northern Lake States

54 44 1.8 9 8.5 329 163 1.7 20 9.8

White-red-jack pine, Northern Lake States

101 61 2.4 10 12.0 725 267 2.6 16 24.2

Elm-ash-cottonwood, Northern Prairie States

76 66 3.7 9 17.5 514 271 2.2 18 16.3

Maple-beech-birch, Northern Prairie States

93 75 1.1 12 4.8 348 194 1.4 18 7.6

Oak-hickory, Northern Prairie States

77 76 1.0 8 5.5 343 202 1.1 10 9.7

Oak-pine, Northern Prairie States

59 52 3.4 7 15.3 355 159 2.8 10 22.6

Continued
41

Table 10.—ContinuedForest type-regionb

Volume at the 50th percentile Volume at the 99th percentile

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent

Douglas-fi r, Pacifi c 

Northwest, East

138 84 1.5 18 8.8 627 264 1.9 29 16.1

Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacifi c Northwest, East

216 98 1.5 31 6.3 746 268 1.4 48 11.1

Lodgepole pine, Pacifi c Northwest, East

65 36 4.1 10 22.6 528 123 2.3 23 15.9

Ponderosa pine, Pacifi c Northwest, East

100 51 1.9 8 13.8 508 187 1.7 17 18.7

Alder-maple, Pacifi c Northwest, West

190 88 4.4 25 25.5 1,005 352 4.2 55 38.3

Douglas-fi r, Pacifi c Northwest, West

308 150 1.3 30 17.1 1,876 727 1.7 84 18.5

Douglas-fi r, high productivity and high management intensity, Pacifi c Northwest, West 

147 79 3.4 18 24.3 822 319 2.2 21 38.4

Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacifi c Northwest, West

360 179 3.1 49 12.6 1,342 527 3.2 84 20.4

Hemlock-Sitka spruce, Pacifi c Northwest, West

503 203 2.7 51 17.2 1,795 602 3.2 104 27.4

Hemlock-Sitka spruce, high productivity, Pacifi c Northwest, West

420 174 2.6 46 20.1 1,795 602 3.2 104 27.4

California mixed conifer, Pacifi c Southwest

241 121 1.9 28 7.5 983 397 1.8 66 9.4

Continued
42

Table 10.—ContinuedForest type-regionb

Volume at the 50th percentile Volume at the 99th percentile

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent

Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacifi c Southwest

352 175 3.1 48 12.7 1,342 475 2.7 80 18.8

Western oak, Pacifi c Southwest

66 61 3.9 9 21.8 570 310 3.5 18 33.5

Douglas-fi r, Rocky Mountain, North

128 79 1.6 18 9.1 627 264 1.9 29 16.1

Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Rocky Mountain, North 

170 81 1.5 29 6.9 746 271 1.4 49 11.2

Lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain, North

135 58 2.4 14 12.9 528 152 3.2 27 20.1

Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain, North

51 30 3.7 6 11.8 508 183 1.7 17 18.6

Aspen-birch, Rocky Mountain, South

89 61 2.9 17 10.1 498 202 3.2 32 16.2

Douglas-fi r, Rocky Mountain, South

115 83 2.9 20 13.2 546 270 3.6 40 21.0

Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Rocky Mountain, South

188 96 1.7 32 7.0 736 265 2.3 48 13.4

Lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain, South

150 63 2.5 20 10.6 521 153 3.2 20 10.6

Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain, South

83 53 1.7 7 13.7 353 141 2.3 11 26.9

Loblolly-shortleaf pine, Southeast

75 47 2.1 4 10.5 636 210 1.6 8 15.7

Continued
43

Table 10.—ContinuedForest type-regionb

Volume at the 50th percentile Volume at the 99th percentile

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

Growing 

stock 

volume

Live tree 

carbon 

density

Live tree 

confi dence 

interval

Standing 

dead tree 

carbon 

density

Standing 

dead tree 

confi dence 

interval

m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent m3/ha t C/ha ± percent t C/ha ± percent

Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high productivity and management intensity, Southeast

91 53 1.8 3 13.8 385 144 1.8 5 18.3

Longleaf-slash pine, Southeast

46 25 3.6 2 13.7 429 145 2.0 3 21.7

Longleaf-slash pine, high productivity and management intensity, Southeast

82 44 1.5 2 16.4 249 91 2.3 2 20.5

Oak-gum-cypress, Southeast

98 75 2.1 8 10.2 527 237 2.0 14 14.8

Oak-hickory, Southeast 104 81 1.3 7 7.5 536 263 1.4 11 13.1Oak- pine, Southeast 61 48 2.5 4 9.3 462 201 2.0 9 13.9Elm-ash-cottonwood, South Central

69 64 3.4 8 17.2 461 245 3.8 14 32.5

Loblolly-shortleaf pine, South Central

71 47 2.3 4 16.0 506 167 2.2 6 24.5

Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high productivity and management intensity, South Central

61 42 1.8 2 17.4 309 116 2.3 2 24.2

Oak-gum-cypress, South Central

100 81 2.0 7 10.9 534 244 2.5 9 21.4

Oak-hickory, South Central 79 69 1.0 5 6.5 390 206 1.2 7 11.9Oak-pine, South Central 64 53 2.2 5 11.6 436 190 2.5 9 19.2

a Data from USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program’s database of forest surveys (FIADB; USDA For. Serv. 2005).b These correspond to the table identifi ers in Appendix A, B, and C.
44

Acknowledgments

We thank Susan McGrane for considerable help with 

the data and formatting. Coeli Hoover, Reid Miner, 

Brian Murray, and R. Neil Sampson provided helpful 

comments on drafts of this manuscript.

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518.
APPENDIX A 

Forest Ecosystem Yield Tables for Reforestation1

Carbon Stocks on Forest Land After Clearcut Harvest 

A1. Aspen-birch, Northeast 

A2. Maple-beech-birch, Northeast 

A3. Oak-hickory, Northeast 

A4. Oak-pine, Northeast 

A5. Spruce-balsam fir, Northeast 

A6. White-red-jack pine, Northeast 

A7. Aspen-birch, Northern Lake States 

A8. Elm-ash-cottonwood, Northern Lake 

States 

A9. Maple-beech-birch, Northern Lake 

States 

A10. Oak-hickory, Northern Lake States 

A11. Spruce-balsam fir, Northern Lake 

States 

A12. White-red-jack pine, Northern Lake 

States 

A13. Elm-ash-cottonwood, Northern Prairie 

States 

A14. Maple-beech-birch, Northern Prairie 

States 

A15. Oak-hickory, Northern Prairie States 

A16. Oak-pine, Northern Prairie States 

A17. Douglas-fir, Pacific Northwest, East 

A18. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacific 

Northwest, East 

A19. Lodgepole pine, Pacific Northwest, 

East 

A20. Ponderosa pine, Pacific Northwest, 

East 

A21. Alder-maple, Pacific Northwest, West 

A22. Douglas-fir, Pacific Northwest, West 

A23. Douglas-fir, high productivity and high 

management intensity, Pacific 

Northwest, West 

A24. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacific 

Northwest, West 

A25. Hemlock-Sitka spruce, Pacific 

Northwest, West 

A26. Hemlock-Sitka spruce, high 

productivity, Pacific Northwest, West 

A27. Mixed conifer, Pacific Southwest 

A28. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacific 

Southwest 

A29. Western oak, Pacific Southwest 

A30. Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain, North 

A31. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Rocky 

Mountain, North 

A32. Lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain, 

North 

A33. Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain, 

North 

A34. Aspen-birch, Rocky Mountain, South 

A35. Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain, South 

A36. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Rocky 

Mountain, South 

A37. Lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain, 

South 

A38. Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain, 

South 

A39. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, Southeast 

A40. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high 

productivity and management 

intensity, Southeast 

A41. Longleaf-slash pine, Southeast 

A42. Longleaf-slash pine, high productivity 

and management intensity, Southeast 

A43. Oak-gum-cypress, Southeast 

A44. Oak-hickory, Southeast 

A45. Oak-pine, Southeast 

A46. Elm-ash-cottonwood, South Central 

A47. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, South Central 

A48. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high 

productivity and management 

intensity, South Central 

A49. Oak-gum-cypress, South Central 

A50. Oak-hickory, South Central 

A51. Oak-pine, South Central 

 

1

 Note carbon mass is in metric tons (tonnes) in all tables. 

47
A1.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for aspen-birch stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 18.7 10.2 87.4 31.0 

5 0.0 6.6 0.6 2.2 12.9 7.5 87.4 29.8 

15 12.9 21.3 1.8 2.1 7.1 6.0 87.4 38.4 

25 33.8 36.0 2.9 2.1 5.2 6.5 87.4 52.7 

35 58.4 50.1 3.8 2.1 4.9 7.5 87.4 68.4 

45 84.7 62.7 4.6 2.1 5.3 8.5 87.4 83.1 

55 112.4 75.1 5.3 2.0 6.0 9.3 87.4 97.8 

65 141.7 87.5 5.9 2.0 6.9 10.1 87.4 112.4 

75 172.6 100.0 6.5 2.0 7.8 10.7 87.4 127.1 

85 205.0 112.7 7.1 2.0 8.8 11.3 87.4 141.9 

95 238.9 125.5 7.7 2.0 9.8 11.8 87.4 156.7 

105 274.4 138.5 8.2 2.0 10.8 12.2 87.4 171.7 

115 311.4 151.7 8.8 2.0 11.8 12.5 87.4 186.8 

125 349.9 165.0 9.3 2.0 12.8 12.9 87.4 202.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 7.6 4.1 35.4 12.5 

5 0 2.7 0.2 0.9 5.2 3.0 35.4 12.1 

15 184 8.6 0.7 0.9 2.9 2.4 35.4 15.5 

25 483 14.6 1.2 0.8 2.1 2.6 35.4 21.3 

35 835 20.3 1.5 0.8 2.0 3.0 35.4 27.7 

45 1,210 25.4 1.9 0.8 2.2 3.4 35.4 33.6 

55 1,607 30.4 2.1 0.8 2.4 3.8 35.4 39.6 

65 2,025 35.4 2.4 0.8 2.8 4.1 35.4 45.5 

75 2,466 40.5 2.6 0.8 3.2 4.3 35.4 51.4 

85 2,929 45.6 2.9 0.8 3.6 4.6 35.4 57.4 

95 3,414 50.8 3.1 0.8 4.0 4.8 35.4 63.4 

105 3,921 56.0 3.3 0.8 4.4 4.9 35.4 69.5 

115 4,450 61.4 3.5 0.8 4.8 5.1 35.4 75.6 

125 5,001 66.8 3.8 0.8 5.2 5.2 35.4 81.8 

48
A2.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for maple-beech-birch stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

Volume 

Live Tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 32.0 27.7 69.6 61.8 

5 0.0 7.4 0.7 2.1 21.7 20.3 69.6 52.2 

15 28.0 31.8 3.2 1.9 11.5 16.3 69.6 64.7 

25 58.1 53.2 5.3 1.8 7.8 17.6 69.6 85.7 

35 89.6 72.8 6.0 1.7 6.9 20.3 69.6 107.8 

45 119.1 87.8 6.6 1.7 7.0 23.0 69.6 126.0 

55 146.6 101.1 7.0 1.7 7.5 25.3 69.6 142.7 

65 172.1 113.1 7.4 1.7 8.2 27.4 69.6 157.7 

75 195.6 123.8 7.7 1.7 8.8 29.2 69.6 171.2 

85 217.1 133.5 7.9 1.7 9.5 30.7 69.6 183.2 

95 236.6 142.1 8.1 1.7 10.1 32.0 69.6 193.9 

105 254.1 149.7 8.3 1.6 10.6 33.1 69.6 203.4 

115 269.7 156.3 8.5 1.6 11.1 34.2 69.6 211.7 

125 283.2 162.1 8.6 1.6 11.5 35.1 69.6 218.8 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 13.0 11.2 28.1 25.0 

5 0 3.0 0.3 0.8 8.8 8.2 28.1 21.1 

15 400 12.9 1.3 0.8 4.7 6.6 28.1 26.2 

25 830 21.5 2.1 0.7 3.2 7.1 28.1 34.7 

35 1,280 29.5 2.4 0.7 2.8 8.2 28.1 43.6 

45 1,702 35.5 2.7 0.7 2.8 9.3 28.1 51.0 

55 2,095 40.9 2.8 0.7 3.0 10.3 28.1 57.7 

65 2,460 45.8 3.0 0.7 3.3 11.1 28.1 63.8 

75 2,796 50.1 3.1 0.7 3.6 11.8 28.1 69.3 

85 3,103 54.0 3.2 0.7 3.8 12.4 28.1 74.1 

95 3,382 57.5 3.3 0.7 4.1 12.9 28.1 78.5 

105 3,632 60.6 3.4 0.7 4.3 13.4 28.1 82.3 

115 3,854 63.3 3.4 0.7 4.5 13.8 28.1 85.7 

125 4,047 65.6 3.5 0.7 4.6 14.2 28.1 88.6 

49
A3.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare -------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 46.7 8.2 53.1 56.9 

5 0.0 6.9 0.7 2.1 31.4 5.7 53.1 46.7 

15 54.5 43.0 3.6 1.9 16.5 4.1 53.1 69.1 

25 95.7 71.9 4.0 1.9 10.8 4.5 53.1 93.0 

35 135.3 96.2 4.2 1.8 9.2 5.3 53.1 116.8 

45 173.3 118.2 4.5 1.8 9.2 6.3 53.1 139.9 

55 209.6 136.8 4.6 1.8 9.9 7.3 53.1 160.3 

65 244.3 154.3 4.8 1.8 10.8 8.1 53.1 179.7 

75 277.4 170.6 4.9 1.8 11.8 8.9 53.1 198.0 

85 308.9 186.0 5.0 1.8 12.8 9.7 53.1 215.2 

95 338.8 200.4 5.1 1.8 13.7 10.3 53.1 231.3 

105 367.1 213.9 5.1 1.7 14.6 10.9 53.1 246.4 

115 393.7 226.5 5.2 1.7 15.5 11.5 53.1 260.5 

125 418.6 238.2 5.3 1.7 16.3 12.0 53.1 273.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 18.9 3.3 21.5 23.0 

5 0 2.8 0.3 0.8 12.7 2.3 21.5 18.9 

15 779 17.4 1.4 0.8 6.7 1.7 21.5 28.0 

25 1,368 29.1 1.6 0.7 4.4 1.8 21.5 37.7 

35 1,934 38.9 1.7 0.7 3.7 2.2 21.5 47.3 

45 2,477 47.8 1.8 0.7 3.7 2.6 21.5 56.6 

55 2,996 55.4 1.9 0.7 4.0 2.9 21.5 64.9 

65 3,492 62.4 1.9 0.7 4.4 3.3 21.5 72.7 

75 3,965 69.1 2.0 0.7 4.8 3.6 21.5 80.1 

85 4,415 75.3 2.0 0.7 5.2 3.9 21.5 87.1 

95 4,842 81.1 2.0 0.7 5.6 4.2 21.5 93.6 

105 5,246 86.6 2.1 0.7 5.9 4.4 21.5 99.7 

115 5,626 91.7 2.1 0.7 6.3 4.7 21.5 105.4 

125 5,983 96.4 2.1 0.7 6.6 4.9 21.5 110.7 

50
A4.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 30.0 29.7 66.9 63.9 

5 0.0 6.2 0.6 4.2 23.0 20.2 66.9 54.3 

15 36.5 27.0 2.6 3.3 14.6 15.3 66.9 62.9 

25 70.9 48.6 3.2 2.9 10.4 17.1 66.9 82.2 

35 103.1 67.9 3.7 2.6 8.4 20.3 66.9 102.9 

45 133.1 84.7 4.0 2.5 7.6 23.6 66.9 122.3 

55 160.9 99.1 4.2 2.4 7.4 26.6 66.9 139.8 

65 186.7 113.0 4.4 2.3 7.7 29.3 66.9 156.6 

75 210.2 123.6 4.6 2.3 8.0 31.6 66.9 170.0 

85 231.5 133.1 4.7 2.3 8.4 33.6 66.9 182.1 

95 250.8 141.7 4.8 2.2 8.8 35.4 66.9 192.9 

105 267.9 149.2 4.9 2.2 9.2 37.0 66.9 202.5 

115 282.7 155.7 5.0 2.2 9.6 38.4 66.9 210.9 

125 295.4 161.3 5.1 2.2 9.9 39.7 66.9 218.2 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 12.1 12.0 27.1 25.9 

5 0 2.5 0.3 1.7 9.3 8.2 27.1 22.0 

15 522 10.9 1.1 1.3 5.9 6.2 27.1 25.4 

25 1,013 19.7 1.3 1.2 4.2 6.9 27.1 33.3 

35 1,473 27.5 1.5 1.1 3.4 8.2 27.1 41.7 

45 1,902 34.3 1.6 1.0 3.1 9.6 27.1 49.5 

55 2,300 40.1 1.7 1.0 3.0 10.8 27.1 56.6 

65 2,668 45.7 1.8 0.9 3.1 11.8 27.1 63.4 

75 3,004 50.0 1.8 0.9 3.2 12.8 27.1 68.8 

85 3,309 53.9 1.9 0.9 3.4 13.6 27.1 73.7 

95 3,584 57.3 1.9 0.9 3.6 14.3 27.1 78.1 

105 3,828 60.4 2.0 0.9 3.7 15.0 27.1 82.0 

115 4,040 63.0 2.0 0.9 3.9 15.6 27.1 85.4 

125 4,222 65.3 2.1 0.9 4.0 16.1 27.1 88.3 

51
A5.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for spruce-balsam fir stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare -------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 20.3 33.7 98.0 56.2 

5 0.0 7.0 0.7 1.8 16.0 23.6 98.0 49.1 

15 11.5 20.1 2.0 1.6 10.6 18.6 98.0 53.0 

25 29.1 32.5 3.3 1.5 8.0 20.7 98.0 66.0 

35 51.6 45.7 4.6 1.4 7.1 24.2 98.0 83.1 

45 76.9 57.4 5.7 1.4 6.9 27.7 98.0 99.2 

55 102.6 68.7 6.9 1.4 7.3 30.7 98.0 114.9 

65 126.4 78.6 7.4 1.3 7.8 33.3 98.0 128.5 

75 149.3 87.9 7.6 1.3 8.4 35.5 98.0 140.8 

85 170.9 96.5 7.8 1.3 9.1 37.4 98.0 152.2 

95 191.6 104.5 8.0 1.3 9.7 39.1 98.0 162.6 

105 211.1 111.9 8.2 1.3 10.4 40.6 98.0 172.3 

115 229.6 118.8 8.3 1.3 11.0 41.9 98.0 181.2 

125 247.1 125.3 8.4 1.3 11.6 43.0 98.0 189.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 8.2 13.6 39.7 22.7 

5 0 2.8 0.3 0.7 6.5 9.5 39.7 19.9 

15 164 8.1 0.8 0.6 4.3 7.5 39.7 21.4 

25 416 13.2 1.3 0.6 3.2 8.4 39.7 26.7 

35 738 18.5 1.9 0.6 2.9 9.8 39.7 33.6 

45 1,099 23.2 2.3 0.6 2.8 11.2 39.7 40.1 

55 1,466 27.8 2.8 0.6 2.9 12.4 39.7 46.5 

65 1,807 31.8 3.0 0.5 3.2 13.5 39.7 52.0 

75 2,133 35.6 3.1 0.5 3.4 14.4 39.7 57.0 

85 2,443 39.0 3.2 0.5 3.7 15.2 39.7 61.6 

95 2,738 42.3 3.2 0.5 3.9 15.8 39.7 65.8 

105 3,017 45.3 3.3 0.5 4.2 16.4 39.7 69.7 

115 3,281 48.1 3.4 0.5 4.4 16.9 39.7 73.3 

125 3,532 50.7 3.4 0.5 4.7 17.4 39.7 76.7 

52
A6.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for white-red-jack pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory Down dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 20.4 13.8 78.1 36.3 

5 0.0 7.3 0.7 2.2 15.8 10.7 78.1 36.8 

15 30.0 28.6 2.9 1.8 10.4 9.4 78.1 53.1 

25 54.4 44.7 3.9 1.8 7.5 10.1 78.1 68.1 

35 77.9 57.7 4.3 1.7 6.1 11.2 78.1 81.0 

45 100.6 69.4 4.6 1.7 5.5 12.2 78.1 93.4 

55 122.5 78.7 4.8 1.6 5.3 13.1 78.1 103.4 

65 142.3 86.8 5.0 1.6 5.3 13.7 78.1 112.5 

75 160.9 94.3 5.2 1.6 5.5 14.2 78.1 120.8 

85 178.4 101.2 5.3 1.6 5.8 14.7 78.1 128.6 

95 194.7 107.6 5.4 1.6 6.0 15.0 78.1 135.7 

105 210.0 113.5 5.5 1.6 6.3 15.4 78.1 142.3 

115 224.1 118.9 5.6 1.6 6.6 15.6 78.1 148.3 

125 237.1 123.8 5.7 1.6 6.8 15.9 78.1 153.8 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 8.3 5.6 31.6 14.7 

5 0 3.0 0.3 0.9 6.4 4.3 31.6 14.9 

15 429 11.6 1.2 0.7 4.2 3.8 31.6 21.5 

25 777 18.1 1.6 0.7 3.0 4.1 31.6 27.5 

35 1,113 23.3 1.7 0.7 2.5 4.6 31.6 32.8 

45 1,438 28.1 1.9 0.7 2.2 5.0 31.6 37.8 

55 1,751 31.8 2.0 0.7 2.1 5.3 31.6 41.9 

65 2,034 35.1 2.0 0.7 2.2 5.5 31.6 45.5 

75 2,300 38.2 2.1 0.7 2.2 5.8 31.6 48.9 

85 2,550 41.0 2.1 0.6 2.3 5.9 31.6 52.0 

95 2,783 43.5 2.2 0.6 2.4 6.1 31.6 54.9 

105 3,001 45.9 2.2 0.6 2.6 6.2 31.6 57.6 

115 3,202 48.1 2.3 0.6 2.7 6.3 31.6 60.0 

125 3,389 50.1 2.3 0.6 2.8 6.4 31.6 62.2 

53
A7.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for aspen-birch stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 13.4 10.2 146.1 25.6 

5 0.0 7.3 0.5 2.1 9.5 7.5 146.1 26.8 

15 2.9 13.9 1.4 2.1 5.0 6.0 146.1 28.4 

25 21.5 26.8 2.7 2.1 3.9 6.5 146.1 42.0 

35 47.2 40.8 4.1 2.0 4.0 7.5 146.1 58.4 

45 72.8 53.5 5.3 2.0 4.6 8.5 146.1 74.0 

55 97.1 64.9 6.1 2.0 5.4 9.3 146.1 87.7 

65 119.5 75.0 6.7 2.0 6.1 10.1 146.1 99.8 

75 139.7 83.8 7.1 2.0 6.8 10.7 146.1 110.4 

85 157.5 91.5 7.4 2.0 7.4 11.3 146.1 119.6 

95 173.0 98.0 7.7 2.0 7.9 11.8 146.1 127.4 

105 186.0 103.4 7.9 2.0 8.4 12.2 146.1 133.9 

115 196.4 107.7 8.1 2.0 8.7 12.5 146.1 139.1 

125 204.3 110.9 8.3 2.0 9.0 12.9 146.1 143.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.4 4.1 59.1 10.4 

5 0 3.0 0.2 0.8 3.8 3.0 59.1 10.9 

15 42 5.6 0.6 0.8 2.0 2.4 59.1 11.5 

25 307 10.9 1.1 0.8 1.6 2.6 59.1 17.0 

35 674 16.5 1.6 0.8 1.6 3.0 59.1 23.6 

45 1,041 21.6 2.2 0.8 1.9 3.4 59.1 29.9 

55 1,388 26.2 2.5 0.8 2.2 3.8 59.1 35.5 

65 1,708 30.3 2.7 0.8 2.5 4.1 59.1 40.4 

75 1,996 33.9 2.9 0.8 2.8 4.3 59.1 44.7 

85 2,251 37.0 3.0 0.8 3.0 4.6 59.1 48.4 

95 2,472 39.7 3.1 0.8 3.2 4.8 59.1 51.6 

105 2,658 41.8 3.2 0.8 3.4 4.9 59.1 54.2 

115 2,807 43.6 3.3 0.8 3.5 5.1 59.1 56.3 

125 2,920 44.9 3.3 0.8 3.6 5.2 59.1 57.9 

54
A8.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for elm-ash-cottonwood stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 9.4 27.7 179.9 39.2 

5 0.0 3.9 0.4 1.9 6.5 20.3 179.9 33.0 

15 2.4 10.3 1.0 1.9 3.4 16.3 179.9 32.9 

25 13.2 20.1 2.0 1.9 2.4 17.6 179.9 44.1 

35 25.2 29.8 3.0 1.9 2.4 20.3 179.9 57.3 

45 37.4 38.7 3.9 1.9 2.6 23.0 179.9 70.1 

55 49.8 47.1 4.7 1.9 3.0 25.3 179.9 82.1 

65 62.3 55.6 5.3 1.9 3.5 27.4 179.9 93.8 

75 74.9 62.8 5.6 1.9 3.9 29.2 179.9 103.4 

85 87.5 69.9 5.8 1.9 4.3 30.7 179.9 112.6 

95 100.1 76.8 6.0 1.9 4.7 32.0 179.9 121.4 

105 112.9 83.6 6.2 1.9 5.1 33.1 179.9 130.0 

115 125.8 90.4 6.4 1.9 5.6 34.2 179.9 138.5 

125 139.2 97.4 6.5 1.9 6.0 35.1 179.9 147.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 3.8 11.2 72.8 15.8 

5 0 1.6 0.2 0.8 2.6 8.2 72.8 13.3 

15 35 4.2 0.4 0.8 1.4 6.6 72.8 13.3 

25 189 8.1 0.8 0.8 1.0 7.1 72.8 17.8 

35 360 12.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 8.2 72.8 23.2 

45 535 15.7 1.6 0.8 1.1 9.3 72.8 28.4 

55 712 19.1 1.9 0.8 1.2 10.3 72.8 33.2 

65 890 22.5 2.2 0.8 1.4 11.1 72.8 38.0 

75 1,070 25.4 2.3 0.8 1.6 11.8 72.8 41.8 

85 1,250 28.3 2.4 0.8 1.7 12.4 72.8 45.6 

95 1,431 31.1 2.4 0.8 1.9 12.9 72.8 49.1 

105 1,613 33.8 2.5 0.8 2.1 13.4 72.8 52.6 

115 1,798 36.6 2.6 0.8 2.2 13.8 72.8 56.0 

125 1,990 39.4 2.7 0.8 2.4 14.2 72.8 59.5 

55
A9.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for maple-beech-birch stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 19.5 27.7 134.3 49.4 

5 0.0 5.1 0.5 2.0 13.3 20.3 134.3 41.2 

15 4.3 13.4 1.3 1.7 6.7 16.3 134.3 39.4 

25 24.6 30.3 3.0 1.6 4.8 17.6 134.3 57.3 

35 48.1 47.7 4.0 1.5 4.7 20.3 134.3 78.2 

45 72.5 62.9 4.4 1.4 5.2 23.0 134.3 96.9 

55 96.9 77.3 4.7 1.4 6.1 25.3 134.3 114.8 

65 121.3 91.1 4.9 1.4 7.0 27.4 134.3 131.8 

75 145.3 104.4 5.1 1.4 8.0 29.2 134.3 148.0 

85 168.9 117.1 5.3 1.3 8.9 30.7 134.3 163.3 

95 191.9 129.3 5.4 1.3 9.8 32.0 134.3 177.8 

105 214.4 140.9 5.6 1.3 10.7 33.1 134.3 191.6 

115 236.0 151.9 5.7 1.3 11.5 34.2 134.3 204.6 

125 256.9 162.4 5.8 1.3 12.3 35.1 134.3 216.9 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 7.9 11.2 54.3 20.0 

5 0 2.1 0.2 0.8 5.4 8.2 54.3 16.7 

15 62 5.4 0.5 0.7 2.7 6.6 54.3 16.0 

25 351 12.2 1.2 0.6 1.9 7.1 54.3 23.2 

35 688 19.3 1.6 0.6 1.9 8.2 54.3 31.7 

45 1,036 25.4 1.8 0.6 2.1 9.3 54.3 39.2 

55 1,385 31.3 1.9 0.6 2.5 10.3 54.3 46.5 

65 1,733 36.9 2.0 0.6 2.8 11.1 54.3 53.4 

75 2,076 42.2 2.1 0.6 3.2 11.8 54.3 59.9 

85 2,414 47.4 2.1 0.5 3.6 12.4 54.3 66.1 

95 2,743 52.3 2.2 0.5 4.0 12.9 54.3 72.0 

105 3,064 57.0 2.3 0.5 4.3 13.4 54.3 77.5 

115 3,373 61.5 2.3 0.5 4.7 13.8 54.3 82.8 

125 3,671 65.7 2.3 0.5 5.0 14.2 54.3 87.8 

56
A10.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 20.5 8.2 97.1 30.8 

5 0.0 6.7 0.7 2.2 14.1 5.7 97.1 29.3 

15 4.1 17.0 1.7 2.0 7.3 4.1 97.1 32.1 

25 21.9 33.6 3.1 1.9 5.2 4.5 97.1 48.2 

35 42.5 50.3 3.6 1.8 5.0 5.3 97.1 66.1 

45 64.9 66.7 3.9 1.8 5.7 6.3 97.1 84.4 

55 88.7 83.6 4.2 1.8 6.7 7.3 97.1 103.5 

65 113.4 99.1 4.5 1.7 7.8 8.1 97.1 121.2 

75 139.0 114.7 4.7 1.7 8.9 8.9 97.1 139.0 

85 165.2 130.3 4.9 1.7 10.1 9.7 97.1 156.7 

95 192.1 146.0 5.1 1.7 11.3 10.3 97.1 174.4 

105 219.2 161.6 5.3 1.7 12.5 10.9 97.1 192.0 

115 246.4 177.0 5.4 1.6 13.7 11.5 97.1 209.2 

125 272.5 191.6 5.5 1.6 14.8 12.0 97.1 225.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 8.3 3.3 39.3 12.5 

5 0 2.7 0.3 0.9 5.7 2.3 39.3 11.9 

15 58 6.9 0.7 0.8 2.9 1.7 39.3 13.0 

25 313 13.6 1.2 0.8 2.1 1.8 39.3 19.5 

35 608 20.4 1.4 0.7 2.0 2.2 39.3 26.7 

45 928 27.0 1.6 0.7 2.3 2.6 39.3 34.2 

55 1,267 33.8 1.7 0.7 2.7 2.9 39.3 41.9 

65 1,620 40.1 1.8 0.7 3.1 3.3 39.3 49.0 

75 1,986 46.4 1.9 0.7 3.6 3.6 39.3 56.2 

85 2,361 52.7 2.0 0.7 4.1 3.9 39.3 63.4 

95 2,745 59.1 2.1 0.7 4.6 4.2 39.3 70.6 

105 3,133 65.4 2.1 0.7 5.1 4.4 39.3 77.7 

115 3,521 71.6 2.2 0.7 5.5 4.7 39.3 84.7 

125 3,895 77.5 2.2 0.7 6.0 4.9 39.3 91.3 

57
A11.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for spruce-balsam fir stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 16.0 33.7 261.8 51.9 

5 0.0 3.4 0.3 2.1 12.4 23.6 261.8 41.8 

15 3.0 9.3 0.9 2.6 7.7 18.6 261.8 39.1 

25 23.2 24.3 2.4 1.9 6.1 20.7 261.8 55.3 

35 51.1 41.2 4.1 1.6 5.8 24.2 261.8 77.0 

45 77.2 56.0 5.1 1.5 6.1 27.7 261.8 96.4 

55 100.7 67.4 5.8 1.4 6.6 30.7 261.8 111.9 

65 121.6 77.2 6.4 1.3 7.1 33.3 261.8 125.2 

75 140.2 85.5 6.8 1.3 7.6 35.5 261.8 136.8 

85 156.5 92.8 7.2 1.2 8.2 37.4 261.8 146.8 

95 170.9 99.0 7.5 1.2 8.6 39.1 261.8 155.4 

105 183.5 104.3 7.7 1.2 9.1 40.6 261.8 162.9 

115 194.4 109.0 7.9 1.2 9.5 41.9 261.8 169.4 

125 203.8 112.9 8.1 1.2 9.8 43.0 261.8 174.9 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 6.5 13.6 105.9 21.0 

5 0 1.4 0.1 0.9 5.0 9.5 105.9 16.9 

15 43 3.7 0.4 1.0 3.1 7.5 105.9 15.8 

25 332 9.8 1.0 0.8 2.5 8.4 105.9 22.4 

35 730 16.7 1.7 0.7 2.4 9.8 105.9 31.2 

45 1,103 22.7 2.1 0.6 2.5 11.2 105.9 39.0 

55 1,439 27.3 2.4 0.6 2.7 12.4 105.9 45.3 

65 1,738 31.2 2.6 0.5 2.9 13.5 105.9 50.7 

75 2,003 34.6 2.7 0.5 3.1 14.4 105.9 55.4 

85 2,237 37.5 2.9 0.5 3.3 15.2 105.9 59.4 

95 2,442 40.1 3.0 0.5 3.5 15.8 105.9 62.9 

105 2,622 42.2 3.1 0.5 3.7 16.4 105.9 65.9 

115 2,778 44.1 3.2 0.5 3.8 16.9 105.9 68.5 

125 2,912 45.7 3.3 0.5 4.0 17.4 105.9 70.8 

58
A12.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for white-red-jack pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 25.5 13.8 120.8 41.3 

5 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.0 19.3 10.7 120.8 32.5 

15 6.6 8.0 0.8 2.0 11.6 9.4 120.8 31.8 

25 48.1 35.4 3.5 2.0 8.8 10.1 120.8 59.9 

35 104.7 62.9 4.9 2.0 8.1 11.2 120.8 89.1 

45 158.9 85.8 5.5 2.0 8.2 12.2 120.8 113.7 

55 209.1 105.3 5.9 2.0 8.8 13.1 120.8 135.0 

65 255.1 122.2 6.2 2.0 9.5 13.7 120.8 153.6 

75 297.4 137.1 6.5 2.0 10.3 14.2 120.8 170.0 

85 336.1 150.3 6.7 2.0 11.0 14.7 120.8 184.6 

95 371.7 162.0 6.9 2.0 11.8 15.0 120.8 197.7 

105 404.2 172.5 7.0 2.0 12.5 15.4 120.8 209.3 

115 434.0 182.0 7.2 2.0 13.1 15.6 120.8 219.8 

125 461.3 190.5 7.3 1.9 13.7 15.9 120.8 229.3 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 10.3 5.6 48.9 16.7 

5 0 0.2 0.0 0.8 7.8 4.3 48.9 13.2 

15 94 3.3 0.3 0.8 4.7 3.8 48.9 12.9 

25 688 14.3 1.4 0.8 3.6 4.1 48.9 24.2 

35 1,496 25.5 2.0 0.8 3.3 4.6 48.9 36.1 

45 2,271 34.7 2.2 0.8 3.3 5.0 48.9 46.0 

55 2,988 42.6 2.4 0.8 3.5 5.3 48.9 54.6 

65 3,646 49.5 2.5 0.8 3.8 5.5 48.9 62.2 

75 4,250 55.5 2.6 0.8 4.1 5.8 48.9 68.8 

85 4,804 60.8 2.7 0.8 4.5 5.9 48.9 74.7 

95 5,312 65.6 2.8 0.8 4.8 6.1 48.9 80.0 

105 5,777 69.8 2.8 0.8 5.1 6.2 48.9 84.7 

115 6,203 73.6 2.9 0.8 5.3 6.3 48.9 89.0 

125 6,593 77.1 2.9 0.8 5.6 6.4 48.9 92.8 

59
A13.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for elm-ash-cottonwood stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 11.3 27.7 84.8 41.0 

5 0.0 3.9 0.4 2.1 7.7 20.3 84.8 34.4 

15 0.0 8.7 0.9 2.7 3.9 16.3 84.8 32.4 

25 5.8 15.5 1.6 2.4 2.5 17.6 84.8 39.7 

35 21.8 27.7 2.8 2.2 2.5 20.3 84.8 55.5 

45 45.1 43.2 4.3 2.0 3.3 23.0 84.8 75.7 

55 73.0 60.2 5.6 1.9 4.3 25.3 84.8 97.2 

65 104.1 78.9 6.1 1.8 5.5 27.4 84.8 119.7 

75 137.4 96.5 6.5 1.8 6.7 29.2 84.8 140.6 

85 171.9 114.0 6.9 1.7 7.9 30.7 84.8 161.2 

95 206.8 131.3 7.2 1.7 9.1 32.0 84.8 181.3 

105 241.7 148.2 7.5 1.6 10.3 33.1 84.8 200.7 

115 275.8 164.3 7.8 1.6 11.4 34.2 84.8 219.2 

125 308.6 179.6 8.0 1.6 12.4 35.1 84.8 236.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 4.6 11.2 34.3 16.6 

5 0 1.6 0.2 0.8 3.1 8.2 34.3 13.9 

15 0 3.5 0.4 1.1 1.6 6.6 34.3 13.1 

25 83 6.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 7.1 34.3 16.1 

35 312 11.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 8.2 34.3 22.5 

45 644 17.5 1.7 0.8 1.3 9.3 34.3 30.6 

55 1,043 24.3 2.3 0.8 1.7 10.3 34.3 39.4 

65 1,488 31.9 2.5 0.7 2.2 11.1 34.3 48.5 

75 1,964 39.0 2.6 0.7 2.7 11.8 34.3 56.9 

85 2,456 46.1 2.8 0.7 3.2 12.4 34.3 65.2 

95 2,956 53.1 2.9 0.7 3.7 12.9 34.3 73.4 

105 3,454 60.0 3.0 0.7 4.2 13.4 34.3 81.2 

115 3,941 66.5 3.2 0.6 4.6 13.8 34.3 88.7 

125 4,410 72.7 3.2 0.6 5.0 14.2 34.3 95.8 

60
A14.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for maple-beech-birch stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 12.8 27.7 64.9 42.6 

5 0.0 5.1 0.5 2.2 8.8 20.3 64.9 37.0 

15 0.9 10.5 1.1 1.9 4.4 16.3 64.9 34.2 

25 8.2 18.5 1.8 1.7 2.8 17.6 64.9 42.5 

35 21.4 29.7 3.0 1.6 2.6 20.3 64.9 57.1 

45 38.2 41.3 3.8 1.5 2.9 23.0 64.9 72.4 

55 57.4 53.6 4.2 1.4 3.5 25.3 64.9 88.1 

65 78.6 66.5 4.5 1.3 4.3 27.4 64.9 104.0 

75 101.0 79.6 4.7 1.3 5.1 29.2 64.9 119.9 

85 124.4 92.9 4.9 1.2 5.9 30.7 64.9 135.7 

95 148.6 106.2 5.1 1.2 6.7 32.0 64.9 151.3 

105 173.1 119.4 5.3 1.2 7.6 33.1 64.9 166.6 

115 197.4 132.1 5.5 1.2 8.4 34.2 64.9 181.3 

125 220.5 144.0 5.6 1.1 9.1 35.1 64.9 195.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 5.2 11.2 26.2 17.3 

5 0 2.1 0.2 0.9 3.6 8.2 26.2 15.0 

15 13 4.3 0.4 0.8 1.8 6.6 26.2 13.8 

25 117 7.5 0.7 0.7 1.1 7.1 26.2 17.2 

35 306 12.0 1.2 0.6 1.0 8.2 26.2 23.1 

45 546 16.7 1.5 0.6 1.2 9.3 26.2 29.3 

55 821 21.7 1.7 0.6 1.4 10.3 26.2 35.6 

65 1,123 26.9 1.8 0.5 1.7 11.1 26.2 42.1 

75 1,443 32.2 1.9 0.5 2.1 11.8 26.2 48.5 

85 1,778 37.6 2.0 0.5 2.4 12.4 26.2 54.9 

95 2,123 43.0 2.1 0.5 2.7 12.9 26.2 61.2 

105 2,474 48.3 2.2 0.5 3.1 13.4 26.2 67.4 

115 2,821 53.5 2.2 0.5 3.4 13.8 26.2 73.4 

125 3,151 58.3 2.3 0.5 3.7 14.2 26.2 78.9 

61
A15.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 14.1 8.2 45.9 24.4 

5 0.0 6.7 0.6 2.4 9.8 5.7 45.9 25.1 

15 2.1 15.6 1.6 2.1 5.2 4.1 45.9 28.6 

25 13.0 27.5 2.7 2.0 3.7 4.5 45.9 40.3 

35 27.4 40.0 3.2 1.9 3.5 5.3 45.9 53.9 

45 43.0 52.2 3.6 1.8 3.9 6.3 45.9 67.8 

55 59.1 64.3 3.9 1.8 4.5 7.3 45.9 81.7 

65 74.9 74.7 4.1 1.7 5.1 8.1 45.9 93.8 

75 90.2 84.6 4.3 1.7 5.7 8.9 45.9 105.2 

85 104.7 93.7 4.4 1.7 6.3 9.7 45.9 115.8 

95 118.3 102.1 4.5 1.6 6.9 10.3 45.9 125.6 

105 130.8 109.7 4.7 1.6 7.4 10.9 45.9 134.4 

115 142.0 116.5 4.7 1.6 7.9 11.5 45.9 142.3 

125 151.9 122.5 4.8 1.6 8.3 12.0 45.9 149.2 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.7 3.3 18.6 9.9 

5 0 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.0 2.3 18.6 10.2 

15 30 6.3 0.6 0.9 2.1 1.7 18.6 11.6 

25 186 11.1 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.8 18.6 16.3 

35 391 16.2 1.3 0.8 1.4 2.2 18.6 21.8 

45 615 21.1 1.4 0.7 1.6 2.6 18.6 27.4 

55 844 26.0 1.6 0.7 1.8 2.9 18.6 33.0 

65 1,070 30.2 1.7 0.7 2.1 3.3 18.6 37.9 

75 1,289 34.2 1.7 0.7 2.3 3.6 18.6 42.6 

85 1,497 37.9 1.8 0.7 2.6 3.9 18.6 46.9 

95 1,691 41.3 1.8 0.7 2.8 4.2 18.6 50.8 

105 1,869 44.4 1.9 0.7 3.0 4.4 18.6 54.4 

115 2,030 47.2 1.9 0.7 3.2 4.7 18.6 57.6 

125 2,171 49.6 2.0 0.7 3.3 4.9 18.6 60.4 

62
A16.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 17.8 29.7 36.2 51.7 

5 0.0 5.1 0.4 4.2 13.8 20.2 36.2 43.8 

15 4.5 13.8 1.2 4.3 8.7 15.3 36.2 43.2 

25 28.4 29.8 2.6 3.6 6.5 17.1 36.2 59.5 

35 57.9 47.4 3.4 3.3 5.8 20.3 36.2 80.2 

45 86.7 63.3 4.0 3.1 5.8 23.6 36.2 99.8 

55 113.2 77.0 4.4 2.9 6.2 26.6 36.2 117.1 

65 137.1 89.4 4.7 2.9 6.7 29.3 36.2 132.9 

75 158.1 98.9 5.0 2.8 7.1 31.6 36.2 145.4 

85 176.0 106.8 5.2 2.7 7.5 33.6 36.2 155.9 

95 190.8 113.3 5.4 2.7 7.9 35.4 36.2 164.7 

105 202.4 118.3 5.5 2.7 8.2 37.0 36.2 171.7 

115 210.9 121.9 5.6 2.7 8.5 38.4 36.2 177.1 

125 216.1 124.1 5.7 2.7 8.6 39.7 36.2 180.8 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 7.2 12.0 14.6 20.9 

5 0 2.1 0.2 1.7 5.6 8.2 14.6 17.7 

15 65 5.6 0.5 1.7 3.5 6.2 14.6 17.5 

25 406 12.1 1.0 1.5 2.6 6.9 14.6 24.1 

35 828 19.2 1.4 1.3 2.3 8.2 14.6 32.5 

45 1,239 25.6 1.6 1.2 2.4 9.6 14.6 40.4 

55 1,618 31.2 1.8 1.2 2.5 10.8 14.6 47.4 

65 1,959 36.2 1.9 1.2 2.7 11.8 14.6 53.8 

75 2,259 40.0 2.0 1.1 2.9 12.8 14.6 58.8 

85 2,515 43.2 2.1 1.1 3.1 13.6 14.6 63.1 

95 2,727 45.8 2.2 1.1 3.2 14.3 14.6 66.6 

105 2,893 47.9 2.2 1.1 3.3 15.0 14.6 69.5 

115 3,014 49.3 2.3 1.1 3.4 15.6 14.6 71.7 

125 3,088 50.2 2.3 1.1 3.5 16.1 14.6 73.2 

63
A17.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare --------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 26.0 37.2 94.8 67.8 

5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.4 22.5 35.4 94.8 65.2 

15 3.8 8.7 0.9 4.1 17.2 32.9 94.8 63.7 

25 47.7 38.3 3.8 3.7 15.9 31.8 94.8 93.5 

35 119.0 75.1 7.5 3.6 16.5 31.6 94.8 134.2 

45 184.7 104.0 10.0 3.5 17.1 32.0 94.8 166.5 

55 241.8 127.3 10.9 3.4 17.8 32.7 94.8 192.1 

65 290.9 146.4 11.5 3.4 18.5 33.6 94.8 213.5 

75 332.7 162.2 12.0 3.4 19.2 34.6 94.8 231.4 

85 368.3 175.3 12.4 3.4 19.8 35.6 94.8 246.5 

95 398.6 186.2 12.7 3.4 20.5 36.6 94.8 259.3 

105 424.4 195.4 13.0 3.3 21.0 37.5 94.8 270.2 

115 446.4 203.1 13.2 3.3 21.6 38.4 94.8 279.5 

125 465.2 209.6 13.3 3.3 22.0 39.2 94.8 287.5 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 10.5 15.1 38.3 27.4 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.8 9.1 14.3 38.3 26.4 

15 54 3.5 0.4 1.7 7.0 13.3 38.3 25.8 

25 682 15.5 1.5 1.5 6.4 12.9 38.3 37.8 

35 1,701 30.4 3.0 1.4 6.7 12.8 38.3 54.3 

45 2,639 42.1 4.1 1.4 6.9 12.9 38.3 67.4 

55 3,456 51.5 4.4 1.4 7.2 13.2 38.3 77.8 

65 4,157 59.3 4.7 1.4 7.5 13.6 38.3 86.4 

75 4,755 65.6 4.9 1.4 7.8 14.0 38.3 93.6 

85 5,264 70.9 5.0 1.4 8.0 14.4 38.3 99.8 

95 5,697 75.4 5.1 1.4 8.3 14.8 38.3 104.9 

105 6,065 79.1 5.2 1.4 8.5 15.2 38.3 109.4 

115 6,379 82.2 5.3 1.4 8.7 15.5 38.3 113.1 

125 6,648 84.8 5.4 1.3 8.9 15.8 38.3 116.3 

64
A18.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands on forest land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 16.6 37.2 62.1 58.6 

5 0.0 3.1 0.3 4.1 14.5 35.4 62.1 57.4 

15 0.0 5.8 0.6 3.7 11.0 32.9 62.1 54.0 

25 15.2 15.5 1.6 3.2 9.3 31.8 62.1 61.3 

35 52.1 33.9 3.4 2.8 9.2 31.6 62.1 80.9 

45 97.4 53.0 5.3 2.6 9.7 32.0 62.1 102.6 

55 144.4 71.3 7.1 2.5 10.6 32.7 62.1 124.3 

65 189.7 88.3 8.8 2.4 11.6 33.6 62.1 144.7 

75 231.5 103.3 10.3 2.4 12.6 34.6 62.1 163.2 

85 268.7 116.4 11.6 2.3 13.6 35.6 62.1 179.6 

95 301.0 127.6 12.8 2.3 14.4 36.6 62.1 193.6 

105 328.2 136.9 13.7 2.3 15.2 37.5 62.1 205.5 

115 350.6 144.4 14.4 2.2 15.8 38.4 62.1 215.2 

125 368.3 150.3 15.0 2.2 16.3 39.2 62.1 223.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 6.7 15.1 25.1 23.7 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.7 5.9 14.3 25.1 23.2 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.5 4.5 13.3 25.1 21.9 

25 217 6.3 0.6 1.3 3.8 12.9 25.1 24.8 

35 745 13.7 1.4 1.1 3.7 12.8 25.1 32.8 

45 1,392 21.4 2.1 1.1 3.9 12.9 25.1 41.5 

55 2,063 28.9 2.9 1.0 4.3 13.2 25.1 50.3 

65 2,711 35.7 3.6 1.0 4.7 13.6 25.1 58.6 

75 3,308 41.8 4.2 1.0 5.1 14.0 25.1 66.1 

85 3,840 47.1 4.7 0.9 5.5 14.4 25.1 72.7 

95 4,302 51.6 5.2 0.9 5.8 14.8 25.1 78.4 

105 4,691 55.4 5.5 0.9 6.1 15.2 25.1 83.2 

115 5,010 58.4 5.8 0.9 6.4 15.5 25.1 87.1 

125 5,264 60.8 6.1 0.9 6.6 15.8 25.1 90.3 

65
A19.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for lodgepole pine stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 13.1 24.1 52.0 42.0 

5 0.0 1.9 0.2 4.8 11.4 22.0 52.0 40.2 

15 6.6 8.1 0.8 3.5 9.0 19.4 52.0 40.7 

25 40.8 24.3 2.4 2.6 8.3 18.3 52.0 56.0 

35 81.7 40.1 4.0 2.3 8.2 18.2 52.0 72.8 

45 120.5 54.0 5.4 2.2 8.3 18.7 52.0 88.5 

55 156.3 64.5 6.4 2.1 8.4 19.4 52.0 100.8 

65 189.3 73.6 7.4 2.0 8.6 20.4 52.0 111.9 

75 219.9 81.7 8.2 1.9 8.9 21.4 52.0 122.0 

85 248.0 88.9 8.9 1.9 9.2 22.4 52.0 131.2 

95 274.0 95.4 9.5 1.9 9.6 23.3 52.0 139.7 

105 298.2 101.2 10.1 1.8 9.9 24.3 52.0 147.4 

115 320.5 106.5 10.6 1.8 10.3 25.2 52.0 154.4 

125 341.2 111.4 10.9 1.8 10.6 26.0 52.0 160.7 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 5.3 9.8 21.1 17.0 

5 0 0.8 0.1 2.0 4.6 8.9 21.1 16.3 

15 95 3.3 0.3 1.4 3.6 7.8 21.1 16.5 

25 583 9.8 1.0 1.1 3.4 7.4 21.1 22.7 

35 1,168 16.2 1.6 0.9 3.3 7.4 21.1 29.5 

45 1,722 21.8 2.2 0.9 3.3 7.6 21.1 35.8 

55 2,234 26.1 2.6 0.8 3.4 7.9 21.1 40.8 

65 2,706 29.8 3.0 0.8 3.5 8.2 21.1 45.3 

75 3,142 33.1 3.3 0.8 3.6 8.6 21.1 49.4 

85 3,544 36.0 3.6 0.8 3.7 9.1 21.1 53.1 

95 3,916 38.6 3.9 0.8 3.9 9.4 21.1 56.5 

105 4,261 41.0 4.1 0.7 4.0 9.8 21.1 59.6 

115 4,580 43.1 4.3 0.7 4.2 10.2 21.1 62.5 

125 4,876 45.1 4.4 0.7 4.3 10.5 21.1 65.0 

66
A20.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for ponderosa pine stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 9.6 24.1 50.7 38.5 

5 0.0 3.3 0.3 4.6 8.5 22.0 50.7 38.6 

15 4.1 7.9 0.8 3.8 6.8 19.4 50.7 38.7 

25 21.6 17.3 1.7 3.2 6.2 18.3 50.7 46.7 

35 40.8 26.2 2.6 2.9 5.9 18.2 50.7 55.9 

45 61.4 34.9 3.3 2.8 6.0 18.7 50.7 65.5 

55 83.3 43.6 3.7 2.6 6.3 19.4 50.7 75.7 

65 106.0 52.5 4.2 2.5 6.7 20.4 50.7 86.2 

75 129.3 61.3 4.6 2.4 7.3 21.4 50.7 96.9 

85 153.0 70.0 4.9 2.4 7.9 22.4 50.7 107.6 

95 176.8 78.6 5.3 2.3 8.6 23.3 50.7 118.1 

105 200.4 87.0 5.6 2.3 9.4 24.3 50.7 128.4 

115 223.6 95.1 5.9 2.2 10.1 25.2 50.7 138.4 

125 246.0 102.8 6.1 2.2 10.8 26.0 50.7 147.9 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 3.9 9.8 20.5 15.6 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.8 3.5 8.9 20.5 15.6 

15 59 3.2 0.3 1.5 2.8 7.8 20.5 15.6 

25 309 7.0 0.7 1.3 2.5 7.4 20.5 18.9 

35 583 10.6 1.1 1.2 2.4 7.4 20.5 22.6 

45 878 14.1 1.3 1.1 2.4 7.6 20.5 26.5 

55 1,190 17.7 1.5 1.1 2.5 7.9 20.5 30.6 

65 1,515 21.2 1.7 1.0 2.7 8.2 20.5 34.9 

75 1,848 24.8 1.8 1.0 2.9 8.6 20.5 39.2 

85 2,187 28.3 2.0 1.0 3.2 9.1 20.5 43.5 

95 2,527 31.8 2.1 0.9 3.5 9.4 20.5 47.8 

105 2,864 35.2 2.3 0.9 3.8 9.8 20.5 52.0 

115 3,195 38.5 2.4 0.9 4.1 10.2 20.5 56.0 

125 3,515 41.6 2.5 0.9 4.4 10.5 20.5 59.8 

67
A21.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for alder-maple stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 32.2 9.3 115.2 46.2 

5 0.0 8.0 0.8 4.7 22.0 3.9 115.2 39.5 

15 49.5 31.0 3.1 3.7 12.3 4.5 115.2 54.6 

25 229.7 99.4 9.9 2.8 13.5 6.2 115.2 131.9 

35 380.8 153.8 15.4 2.5 16.4 7.6 115.2 195.7 

45 513.7 200.8 20.1 2.4 19.8 8.6 115.2 251.7 

55 633.3 242.5 22.2 2.3 23.3 9.4 115.2 299.7 

65 742.1 280.1 23.9 2.2 26.7 10.1 115.2 343.0 

75 842.1 314.4 25.3 2.2 29.9 10.7 115.2 382.4 

85 934.5 346.0 26.6 2.1 32.8 11.1 115.2 418.6 

95 1,020.3 375.2 27.7 2.1 35.6 11.5 115.2 452.0 

105 1,100.3 402.2 28.7 2.0 38.1 11.9 115.2 483.0 

115 1,175.0 427.4 29.6 2.1 40.5 12.2 115.2 511.8 

125 1,244.9 450.9 30.4 2.3 42.7 12.4 115.2 538.7 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 13.0 3.8 46.6 18.7 

5 0 3.2 0.3 1.9 8.9 1.6 46.6 16.0 

15 708 12.6 1.3 1.5 5.0 1.8 46.6 22.1 

25 3,282 40.2 4.0 1.1 5.5 2.5 46.6 53.4 

35 5,442 62.3 6.2 1.0 6.6 3.1 46.6 79.2 

45 7,342 81.3 8.1 1.0 8.0 3.5 46.6 101.9 

55 9,050 98.1 9.0 0.9 9.4 3.8 46.6 121.3 

65 10,605 113.3 9.7 0.9 10.8 4.1 46.6 138.8 

75 12,034 127.2 10.3 0.9 12.1 4.3 46.6 154.8 

85 13,355 140.0 10.8 0.9 13.3 4.5 46.6 169.4 

95 14,582 151.8 11.2 0.8 14.4 4.7 46.6 182.9 

105 15,725 162.8 11.6 0.8 15.4 4.8 46.6 195.4 

115 16,792 173.0 12.0 0.9 16.4 4.9 46.6 207.1 

125 17,791 182.5 12.3 0.9 17.3 5.0 46.6 218.0 

68
A22.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 50.3 27.5 94.8 82.4 

5 0.0 8.4 0.8 4.5 43.9 23.7 94.8 81.3 

15 37.4 30.3 3.0 3.9 34.6 20.7 94.8 92.6 

25 208.9 107.1 10.7 3.4 33.9 21.2 94.8 176.3 

35 391.8 181.6 17.4 3.2 35.2 23.3 94.8 260.7 

45 554.7 246.1 21.2 3.1 37.1 26.0 94.8 333.5 

55 698.4 302.2 24.1 3.0 39.4 28.9 94.8 397.6 

65 826.0 351.4 26.4 3.0 41.8 31.8 94.8 454.4 

75 939.9 394.9 28.4 2.9 44.4 34.5 94.8 505.1 

85 1,042.1 433.7 30.1 2.9 47.0 37.0 94.8 550.7 

95 1,134.5 468.6 31.6 2.9 49.5 39.3 94.8 591.9 

105 1,218.3 500.1 32.9 2.9 51.9 41.5 94.8 629.2 

115 1,294.7 528.7 34.0 2.9 54.3 43.4 94.8 663.3 

125 1,364.7 554.8 35.0 2.8 56.5 45.3 94.8 694.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 20.3 11.1 38.3 33.3 

5 0 3.4 0.3 1.8 17.8 9.6 38.3 32.9 

15 535 12.3 1.2 1.6 14.0 8.4 38.3 37.5 

25 2,985 43.3 4.3 1.4 13.7 8.6 38.3 71.3 

35 5,600 73.5 7.1 1.3 14.2 9.4 38.3 105.5 

45 7,927 99.6 8.6 1.3 15.0 10.5 38.3 135.0 

55 9,981 122.3 9.7 1.2 15.9 11.7 38.3 160.9 

65 11,804 142.2 10.7 1.2 16.9 12.9 38.3 183.9 

75 13,432 159.8 11.5 1.2 18.0 14.0 38.3 204.4 

85 14,893 175.5 12.2 1.2 19.0 15.0 38.3 222.9 

95 16,213 189.6 12.8 1.2 20.0 15.9 38.3 239.5 

105 17,411 202.4 13.3 1.2 21.0 16.8 38.3 254.6 

115 18,503 213.9 13.8 1.2 22.0 17.6 38.3 268.4 

125 19,503 224.5 14.2 1.1 22.9 18.3 38.3 281.0 

69
A23.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, West; volumes are for high-productivity sites 

(growth rate greater than 165 cubic feet wood per acre per year) with high-intensity management 

(replanting with genetically improved stock, fertilization, and precommercial thinning) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 49.3 27.5 94.8 81.4 

5 0.0 9.5 0.9 4.4 43.1 23.7 94.8 81.7 

15 19.8 23.4 2.3 4.0 33.3 20.7 94.8 83.8 

25 169.7 84.6 8.5 3.5 31.2 21.2 94.8 148.9 

35 445.7 187.4 10.0 3.2 35.4 23.3 94.8 259.3 

45 718.8 286.2 10.6 3.0 40.8 26.0 94.8 366.7 

55 924.1 359.4 10.9 3.0 44.9 28.9 94.8 447.0 

65 1,086.5 416.7 11.1 2.9 48.2 31.8 94.8 510.7 

75 1,225.8 465.6 11.2 2.9 51.4 34.5 94.8 565.5 

85 1,346.8 507.8 11.3 2.9 54.3 37.0 94.8 613.4 

95 1,452.4 544.6 11.4 2.8 57.0 39.3 94.8 655.2 

105 1,544.4 576.5 11.5 2.9 59.6 41.5 94.8 691.9 

115 1,544.4 576.5 11.5 2.9 59.0 43.4 94.8 693.4 

125 1,544.4 576.5 11.5 2.9 58.7 45.3 94.8 694.8 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 19.9 11.1 38.3 32.9 

5 0 3.8 0.4 1.8 17.5 9.6 38.3 33.0 

15 283 9.5 0.9 1.6 13.5 8.4 38.3 33.9 

25 2,425 34.2 3.4 1.4 12.6 8.6 38.3 60.3 

35 6,370 75.9 4.1 1.3 14.3 9.4 38.3 104.9 

45 10,272 115.8 4.3 1.2 16.5 10.5 38.3 148.4 

55 13,207 145.4 4.4 1.2 18.2 11.7 38.3 180.9 

65 15,527 168.6 4.5 1.2 19.5 12.9 38.3 206.7 

75 17,518 188.4 4.5 1.2 20.8 14.0 38.3 228.9 

85 19,248 205.5 4.6 1.2 22.0 15.0 38.3 248.2 

95 20,756 220.4 4.6 1.2 23.1 15.9 38.3 265.2 

105 22,072 233.3 4.7 1.2 24.1 16.8 38.3 280.0 

115 22,072 233.3 4.7 1.2 23.9 17.6 38.3 280.6 

125 22,072 233.3 4.7 1.2 23.7 18.3 38.3 281.2 

70
A24.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands on forest land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 23.8 29.5 62.1 58.1 

5 0.0 3.2 0.3 4.8 20.7 27.0 62.1 56.0 

15 8.2 11.6 1.2 3.9 16.0 25.2 62.1 57.9 

25 62.3 42.5 4.3 3.2 14.8 25.6 62.1 90.3 

35 145.5 84.3 8.4 2.8 15.6 27.1 62.1 138.2 

45 238.7 128.7 12.9 2.6 17.4 28.9 62.1 190.6 

55 333.9 168.2 16.8 2.5 19.4 30.8 62.1 237.8 

65 427.0 205.1 20.5 2.5 21.6 32.6 62.1 282.2 

75 515.8 239.2 23.9 2.4 23.8 34.2 62.1 323.4 

85 599.0 270.3 27.0 2.3 25.9 35.6 62.1 361.2 

95 676.0 298.5 29.8 2.3 28.0 36.8 62.1 395.5 

105 746.6 323.9 32.4 2.3 29.9 37.9 62.1 426.5 

115 810.8 346.7 34.1 2.3 31.7 38.9 62.1 453.7 

125 869.1 367.2 35.1 2.2 33.4 39.8 62.1 477.7 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 9.6 11.9 25.1 23.5 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 8.4 10.9 25.1 22.7 

15 117 4.7 0.5 1.6 6.5 10.2 25.1 23.4 

25 890 17.2 1.7 1.3 6.0 10.4 25.1 36.6 

35 2,080 34.1 3.4 1.1 6.3 11.0 25.1 55.9 

45 3,412 52.1 5.2 1.1 7.1 11.7 25.1 77.1 

55 4,772 68.1 6.8 1.0 7.9 12.5 25.1 96.2 

65 6,103 83.0 8.3 1.0 8.7 13.2 25.1 114.2 

75 7,371 96.8 9.7 1.0 9.6 13.8 25.1 130.9 

85 8,560 109.4 10.9 0.9 10.5 14.4 25.1 146.2 

95 9,661 120.8 12.1 0.9 11.3 14.9 25.1 160.0 

105 10,670 131.1 13.1 0.9 12.1 15.4 25.1 172.6 

115 11,588 140.3 13.8 0.9 12.8 15.8 25.1 183.6 

125 12,421 148.6 14.2 0.9 13.5 16.1 25.1 193.3 

71
A25.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for hemlock-Sitka spruce stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 43.2 27.5 116.3 75.4 

5 0.0 5.9 0.6 4.7 37.6 23.7 116.3 72.5 

15 33.7 22.5 2.2 4.1 29.4 20.7 116.3 78.9 

25 184.1 78.0 7.8 3.1 27.6 21.2 116.3 137.7 

35 350.8 139.8 14.0 2.7 28.4 23.3 116.3 208.2 

45 516.7 201.6 20.2 2.5 30.6 26.0 116.3 280.9 

55 678.7 256.6 25.7 2.4 33.2 28.9 116.3 346.8 

65 835.1 309.1 30.9 2.3 36.2 31.8 116.3 410.4 

75 985.6 359.2 35.9 2.2 39.6 34.5 116.3 471.5 

85 1,129.8 406.7 40.1 2.2 43.2 37.0 116.3 529.2 

95 1,267.4 451.8 42.8 2.3 46.8 39.3 116.3 583.0 

105 1,398.3 494.4 45.2 2.5 50.4 41.5 116.3 634.0 

115 1,522.4 534.7 47.4 2.7 53.9 43.4 116.3 682.2 

125 1,639.6 572.6 49.4 2.9 57.3 45.3 116.3 727.5 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 17.5 11.1 47.1 30.5 

5 0 2.4 0.2 1.9 15.2 9.6 47.1 29.3 

15 482 9.1 0.9 1.6 11.9 8.4 47.1 31.9 

25 2,631 31.6 3.2 1.3 11.2 8.6 47.1 55.7 

35 5,013 56.6 5.7 1.1 11.5 9.4 47.1 84.2 

45 7,385 81.6 8.2 1.0 12.4 10.5 47.1 113.7 

55 9,699 103.9 10.4 1.0 13.4 11.7 47.1 140.3 

65 11,935 125.1 12.5 0.9 14.7 12.9 47.1 166.1 

75 14,086 145.4 14.5 0.9 16.0 14.0 47.1 190.8 

85 16,146 164.6 16.2 0.9 17.5 15.0 47.1 214.2 

95 18,113 182.8 17.3 0.9 18.9 15.9 47.1 235.9 

105 19,983 200.1 18.3 1.0 20.4 16.8 47.1 256.6 

115 21,757 216.4 19.2 1.1 21.8 17.6 47.1 276.1 

125 23,432 231.7 20.0 1.2 23.2 18.3 47.1 294.4 

72
A26.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for hemlock-Sitka spruce stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Northwest, West; volumes are for high-productivity 

sites (growth rate greater than 225 cubic feet wood/acre/year) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 42.7 27.5 116.3 74.9 

5 0.0 5.9 0.6 4.7 37.1 23.7 116.3 72.0 

15 80.3 36.4 3.6 3.7 30.4 20.7 116.3 94.8 

25 221.7 90.4 9.0 3.0 28.6 21.2 116.3 152.3 

35 413.7 161.0 16.1 2.7 30.3 23.3 116.3 233.3 

45 669.6 253.6 25.4 2.4 35.6 26.0 116.3 342.9 

55 903.9 332.1 33.2 2.3 40.5 28.9 116.3 437.0 

65 1,119.3 403.3 39.9 2.2 45.5 31.8 116.3 522.6 

75 1,318.1 468.3 43.7 2.3 50.4 34.5 116.3 599.3 

85 1,502.0 528.1 47.1 2.6 55.1 37.0 116.3 669.9 

95 1,672.1 583.0 50.0 2.9 59.7 39.3 116.3 735.0 

105 1,829.1 633.5 52.6 3.2 64.1 41.5 116.3 794.8 

115 1,973.0 679.5 54.9 3.4 68.2 43.4 116.3 849.4 

125 2,103.3 721.0 56.9 3.6 72.0 45.3 116.3 898.7 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 17.3 11.1 47.1 30.3 

5 0 2.4 0.2 1.9 15.0 9.6 47.1 29.1 

15 1,148 14.7 1.5 1.5 12.3 8.4 47.1 38.4 

25 3,169 36.6 3.7 1.2 11.6 8.6 47.1 61.6 

35 5,912 65.1 6.5 1.1 12.3 9.4 47.1 94.4 

45 9,570 102.6 10.3 1.0 14.4 10.5 47.1 138.8 

55 12,918 134.4 13.4 0.9 16.4 11.7 47.1 176.8 

65 15,996 163.2 16.1 0.9 18.4 12.9 47.1 211.5 

75 18,837 189.5 17.7 0.9 20.4 14.0 47.1 242.5 

85 21,465 213.7 19.0 1.1 22.3 15.0 47.1 271.1 

95 23,896 235.9 20.2 1.2 24.2 15.9 47.1 297.4 

105 26,140 256.4 21.3 1.3 25.9 16.8 47.1 321.6 

115 28,197 275.0 22.2 1.4 27.6 17.6 47.1 343.7 

125 30,059 291.8 23.0 1.5 29.1 18.3 47.1 363.7 

73
A27.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for mixed conifer stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Southwest 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 12.0 37.2 49.8 54.0 

5 0.0 4.2 0.3 4.8 10.7 35.4 49.8 55.4 

15 2.0 8.1 0.8 4.8 8.4 32.9 49.8 54.9 

25 11.1 14.6 1.5 6.9 7.0 31.8 49.8 61.7 

35 24.4 22.3 2.2 4.9 6.3 31.6 49.8 67.3 

45 44.5 32.9 3.3 3.6 6.3 32.0 49.8 78.1 

55 71.9 46.5 4.7 2.8 6.9 32.7 49.8 93.5 

65 106.6 62.8 6.3 2.2 7.9 33.6 49.8 112.8 

75 147.9 81.4 8.1 1.8 9.3 34.6 49.8 135.3 

85 195.4 102.0 10.2 1.5 11.1 35.6 49.8 160.4 

95 248.3 124.2 12.4 1.3 13.1 36.6 49.8 187.5 

105 305.6 147.5 14.8 1.1 15.3 37.5 49.8 216.2 

115 366.7 171.8 17.2 1.0 17.6 38.4 49.8 245.9 

125 430.5 196.6 19.7 1.0 20.0 39.2 49.8 276.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 4.9 15.1 20.2 21.9 

5 0 1.7 0.1 1.9 4.3 14.3 20.2 22.4 

15 29 3.3 0.3 1.9 3.4 13.3 20.2 22.2 

25 159 5.9 0.6 2.8 2.8 12.9 20.2 25.0 

35 349 9.0 0.9 2.0 2.6 12.8 20.2 27.2 

45 636 13.3 1.3 1.5 2.5 12.9 20.2 31.6 

55 1,028 18.8 1.9 1.1 2.8 13.2 20.2 37.9 

65 1,523 25.4 2.5 0.9 3.2 13.6 20.2 45.7 

75 2,114 33.0 3.3 0.7 3.8 14.0 20.2 54.8 

85 2,793 41.3 4.1 0.6 4.5 14.4 20.2 64.9 

95 3,548 50.2 5.0 0.5 5.3 14.8 20.2 75.9 

105 4,368 59.7 6.0 0.5 6.2 15.2 20.2 87.5 

115 5,240 69.5 7.0 0.4 7.1 15.5 20.2 99.5 

125 6,152 79.6 8.0 0.4 8.1 15.8 20.2 111.9 

74
A28.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands on forest land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Southwest 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 16.0 37.2 51.9 58.0 

5 0.0 3.2 0.3 4.8 14.0 35.4 51.9 57.7 

15 2.0 7.9 0.8 4.2 10.9 32.9 51.9 56.8 

25 13.7 17.3 1.7 3.4 9.3 31.8 51.9 63.5 

35 32.4 29.5 3.0 2.9 8.6 31.6 51.9 75.6 

45 58.8 45.2 4.5 2.6 8.9 32.0 51.9 93.2 

55 94.0 63.1 6.3 2.4 9.8 32.7 51.9 114.3 

65 136.7 83.5 8.4 2.2 11.2 33.6 51.9 138.9 

75 185.6 105.7 10.6 2.1 13.1 34.6 51.9 166.0 

85 239.2 128.9 12.9 2.0 15.2 35.6 51.9 194.6 

95 296.6 153.0 15.3 1.9 17.5 36.6 51.9 224.2 

105 356.8 177.4 17.7 1.8 19.9 37.5 51.9 254.4 

115 419.1 202.0 20.2 1.8 22.4 38.4 51.9 284.8 

125 482.7 226.6 22.7 1.7 25.0 39.2 51.9 315.1 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 6.5 15.1 21.0 23.5 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 5.7 14.3 21.0 23.4 

15 28 3.2 0.3 1.7 4.4 13.3 21.0 23.0 

25 196 7.0 0.7 1.4 3.7 12.9 21.0 25.7 

35 463 11.9 1.2 1.2 3.5 12.8 21.0 30.6 

45 840 18.3 1.8 1.1 3.6 12.9 21.0 37.7 

55 1,343 25.5 2.6 1.0 4.0 13.2 21.0 46.3 

65 1,954 33.8 3.4 0.9 4.5 13.6 21.0 56.2 

75 2,652 42.8 4.3 0.8 5.3 14.0 21.0 67.2 

85 3,419 52.2 5.2 0.8 6.1 14.4 21.0 78.8 

95 4,239 61.9 6.2 0.8 7.1 14.8 21.0 90.7 

105 5,099 71.8 7.2 0.7 8.1 15.2 21.0 102.9 

115 5,989 81.8 8.2 0.7 9.1 15.5 21.0 115.2 

125 6,899 91.7 9.2 0.7 10.1 15.8 21.0 127.5 

75
A29.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for western oak stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Pacific Southwest 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 13.3 31.7 27.6 49.7 

5 0.0 2.6 0.2 4.6 8.9 28.4 27.6 44.8 

15 0.0 5.7 0.6 4.5 4.1 24.6 27.6 39.5 

25 1.0 8.8 0.9 4.4 2.1 23.4 27.6 39.5 

35 25.9 30.6 3.1 4.2 2.0 23.5 27.6 63.4 

45 76.3 65.1 4.5 4.1 3.0 24.3 27.6 101.1 

55 127.8 98.3 5.4 4.0 4.2 25.5 27.6 137.5 

65 174.4 124.0 6.0 4.0 5.2 26.8 27.6 166.1 

75 215.0 145.3 6.5 4.0 6.1 28.1 27.6 189.9 

85 249.4 162.7 6.8 4.0 6.8 29.4 27.6 209.7 

95 278.4 177.1 7.1 4.0 7.4 30.6 27.6 226.1 

105 302.8 189.0 7.3 3.9 7.9 31.7 27.6 239.7 

115 323.3 198.8 7.4 3.9 8.3 32.6 27.6 251.1 

125 340.6 207.0 7.6 3.9 8.6 33.5 27.6 260.7 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 5.4 12.8 11.2 20.1 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 3.6 11.5 11.2 18.1 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.8 1.7 10.0 11.2 16.0 

25 15 3.6 0.4 1.8 0.8 9.5 11.2 16.0 

35 370 12.4 1.2 1.7 0.8 9.5 11.2 25.7 

45 1,090 26.3 1.8 1.7 1.2 9.8 11.2 40.9 

55 1,826 39.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 10.3 11.2 55.6 

65 2,493 50.2 2.4 1.6 2.1 10.9 11.2 67.2 

75 3,072 58.8 2.6 1.6 2.5 11.4 11.2 76.9 

85 3,564 65.9 2.8 1.6 2.7 11.9 11.2 84.9 

95 3,979 71.7 2.9 1.6 3.0 12.4 11.2 91.5 

105 4,328 76.5 2.9 1.6 3.2 12.8 11.2 97.0 

115 4,620 80.5 3.0 1.6 3.3 13.2 11.2 101.6 

125 4,868 83.8 3.1 1.6 3.5 13.6 11.2 105.5 

76
A30.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 22.4 37.2 38.8 64.4 

5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.7 20.2 35.4 38.8 63.2 

15 1.1 6.1 0.6 4.7 16.3 32.9 38.8 60.6 

25 19.7 21.5 2.2 3.4 14.0 31.8 38.8 72.8 

35 57.1 44.3 4.4 2.7 12.8 31.6 38.8 95.8 

45 100.9 66.5 6.7 2.3 12.1 32.0 38.8 119.5 

55 145.9 87.2 8.7 2.1 11.8 32.7 38.8 142.5 

65 189.3 105.9 10.1 1.9 11.6 33.6 38.8 163.1 

75 229.7 122.5 10.7 1.8 11.6 34.6 38.8 181.3 

85 266.3 137.0 11.2 1.8 11.7 35.6 38.8 197.3 

95 298.6 149.4 11.6 1.7 11.8 36.6 38.8 211.1 

105 326.6 159.9 12.0 1.7 12.0 37.5 38.8 223.0 

115 350.1 168.6 12.2 1.6 12.1 38.4 38.8 232.9 

125 369.5 175.7 12.4 1.6 12.2 39.2 38.8 241.1 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 9.1 15.1 15.7 26.0 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 8.2 14.3 15.7 25.6 

15 16 2.5 0.2 1.9 6.6 13.3 15.7 24.5 

25 281 8.7 0.9 1.4 5.6 12.9 15.7 29.5 

35 816 17.9 1.8 1.1 5.2 12.8 15.7 38.8 

45 1,442 26.9 2.7 0.9 4.9 12.9 15.7 48.4 

55 2,085 35.3 3.5 0.8 4.8 13.2 15.7 57.7 

65 2,705 42.9 4.1 0.8 4.7 13.6 15.7 66.0 

75 3,283 49.6 4.3 0.7 4.7 14.0 15.7 73.4 

85 3,806 55.4 4.5 0.7 4.7 14.4 15.7 79.8 

95 4,268 60.5 4.7 0.7 4.8 14.8 15.7 85.4 

105 4,667 64.7 4.8 0.7 4.8 15.2 15.7 90.2 

115 5,003 68.2 4.9 0.7 4.9 15.5 15.7 94.3 

125 5,280 71.1 5.0 0.7 4.9 15.8 15.7 97.6 

77
A31.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands on forest land after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 25.7 37.2 44.1 67.7 

5 0.0 3.1 0.3 4.7 23.2 35.4 44.1 66.8 

15 0.0 5.8 0.6 4.7 18.8 32.9 44.1 62.8 

25 18.2 17.0 1.7 3.4 16.2 31.8 44.1 70.1 

35 61.6 38.1 3.8 2.7 15.3 31.6 44.1 91.4 

45 113.8 59.5 5.9 2.3 15.1 32.0 44.1 114.8 

55 167.2 80.0 8.0 2.1 15.3 32.7 44.1 138.1 

65 218.2 98.6 9.9 2.0 15.7 33.6 44.1 159.7 

75 264.6 115.0 11.5 1.9 16.1 34.6 44.1 179.1 

85 305.4 129.1 12.9 1.8 16.6 35.6 44.1 196.0 

95 340.2 140.9 14.1 1.8 17.0 36.6 44.1 210.4 

105 368.8 150.5 15.0 1.7 17.4 37.5 44.1 222.2 

115 391.6 158.0 15.8 1.7 17.7 38.4 44.1 231.6 

125 408.8 163.7 16.4 1.7 17.9 39.2 44.1 238.8 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 10.4 15.1 17.9 27.4 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 9.4 14.3 17.9 27.0 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.9 7.6 13.3 17.9 25.4 

25 260 6.9 0.7 1.4 6.5 12.9 17.9 28.4 

35 880 15.4 1.5 1.1 6.2 12.8 17.9 37.0 

45 1,626 24.1 2.4 0.9 6.1 12.9 17.9 46.5 

55 2,390 32.4 3.2 0.9 6.2 13.2 17.9 55.9 

65 3,118 39.9 4.0 0.8 6.3 13.6 17.9 64.6 

75 3,782 46.5 4.7 0.8 6.5 14.0 17.9 72.5 

85 4,365 52.2 5.2 0.7 6.7 14.4 17.9 79.3 

95 4,862 57.0 5.7 0.7 6.9 14.8 17.9 85.1 

105 5,271 60.9 6.1 0.7 7.0 15.2 17.9 89.9 

115 5,596 63.9 6.4 0.7 7.2 15.5 17.9 93.7 

125 5,842 66.2 6.6 0.7 7.2 15.8 17.9 96.6 

78
A32.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for lodgepole pine stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 17.7 24.1 37.2 46.5 

5 0.0 1.9 0.1 4.8 15.9 22.0 37.2 44.6 

15 0.2 4.1 0.3 4.8 12.8 19.4 37.2 41.3 

25 15.9 14.3 1.4 3.5 10.8 18.3 37.2 48.3 

35 51.6 29.9 3.0 2.4 9.6 18.2 37.2 63.1 

45 94.3 45.8 4.6 1.9 8.9 18.7 37.2 79.9 

55 138.8 59.4 5.9 1.7 8.4 19.4 37.2 94.9 

65 182.1 71.6 7.2 1.5 8.1 20.4 37.2 108.8 

75 223.1 82.5 8.3 1.4 7.9 21.4 37.2 121.5 

85 261.0 92.1 9.2 1.4 7.8 22.4 37.2 132.9 

95 295.3 100.5 10.1 1.3 7.8 23.3 37.2 143.1 

105 325.9 107.8 10.7 1.3 7.8 24.3 37.2 151.9 

115 353.2 114.2 11.1 1.2 7.9 25.2 37.2 159.6 

125 377.3 119.7 11.5 1.2 7.9 26.0 37.2 166.3 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 7.2 9.8 15.0 18.8 

5 0 0.8 0.0 1.9 6.4 8.9 15.0 18.0 

15 3 1.7 0.1 1.9 5.2 7.8 15.0 16.7 

25 227 5.8 0.6 1.4 4.4 7.4 15.0 19.6 

35 737 12.1 1.2 1.0 3.9 7.4 15.0 25.5 

45 1,348 18.5 1.9 0.8 3.6 7.6 15.0 32.3 

55 1,983 24.0 2.4 0.7 3.4 7.9 15.0 38.4 

65 2,603 29.0 2.9 0.6 3.3 8.2 15.0 44.0 

75 3,189 33.4 3.3 0.6 3.2 8.6 15.0 49.2 

85 3,730 37.3 3.7 0.6 3.2 9.1 15.0 53.8 

95 4,220 40.7 4.1 0.5 3.2 9.4 15.0 57.9 

105 4,658 43.6 4.3 0.5 3.2 9.8 15.0 61.5 

115 5,048 46.2 4.5 0.5 3.2 10.2 15.0 64.6 

125 5,392 48.4 4.6 0.5 3.2 10.5 15.0 67.3 

79
A33.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for ponderosa pine stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 18.8 24.1 34.3 47.7 

5 0.0 3.3 0.2 4.8 17.0 22.0 34.3 47.2 

15 1.3 6.3 0.6 4.3 13.9 19.4 34.3 44.5 

25 18.6 15.9 1.6 3.2 12.0 18.3 34.3 50.9 

35 51.8 30.9 3.0 2.5 11.1 18.2 34.3 65.7 

45 89.4 46.1 3.9 2.2 10.7 18.7 34.3 81.5 

55 127.1 60.4 4.5 2.0 10.6 19.4 34.3 96.9 

65 162.2 73.3 5.1 1.9 10.6 20.4 34.3 111.2 

75 193.8 84.6 5.5 1.8 10.7 21.4 34.3 124.0 

85 221.0 94.2 5.8 1.7 10.9 22.4 34.3 135.0 

95 243.7 102.0 6.1 1.7 11.0 23.3 34.3 144.1 

105 261.8 108.2 6.3 1.6 11.1 24.3 34.3 151.6 

115 275.6 112.9 6.4 1.6 11.2 25.2 34.3 157.3 

125 285.1 116.1 6.5 1.6 11.2 26.0 34.3 161.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 7.6 9.8 13.9 19.3 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 6.9 8.9 13.9 19.1 

15 19 2.6 0.2 1.8 5.6 7.8 13.9 18.0 

25 266 6.4 0.6 1.3 4.8 7.4 13.9 20.6 

35 740 12.5 1.2 1.0 4.5 7.4 13.9 26.6 

45 1,278 18.6 1.6 0.9 4.3 7.6 13.9 33.0 

55 1,816 24.5 1.8 0.8 4.3 7.9 13.9 39.2 

65 2,318 29.7 2.0 0.8 4.3 8.2 13.9 45.0 

75 2,769 34.2 2.2 0.7 4.3 8.6 13.9 50.2 

85 3,159 38.1 2.4 0.7 4.4 9.1 13.9 54.6 

95 3,483 41.3 2.5 0.7 4.5 9.4 13.9 58.3 

105 3,742 43.8 2.5 0.7 4.5 9.8 13.9 61.3 

115 3,938 45.7 2.6 0.6 4.5 10.2 13.9 63.6 

125 4,075 47.0 2.6 0.6 4.5 10.5 13.9 65.3 

80
A34.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for aspen-birch stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 11.6 31.7 58.8 48.1 

5 0.0 3.1 0.3 4.7 9.0 28.4 58.8 45.5 

15 0.0 6.4 0.6 4.7 5.5 24.6 58.8 41.9 

25 6.3 13.9 1.4 4.8 3.8 23.4 58.8 47.2 

35 22.7 25.7 2.6 4.5 3.3 23.5 58.8 59.6 

45 45.0 38.8 3.9 4.3 3.5 24.3 58.8 74.7 

55 70.7 52.3 5.2 4.2 3.9 25.5 58.8 91.1 

65 98.1 64.7 6.5 4.1 4.5 26.8 58.8 106.5 

75 126.5 76.6 7.7 4.0 5.1 28.1 58.8 121.5 

85 155.0 88.0 8.8 3.9 5.8 29.4 58.8 135.9 

95 183.1 98.8 9.9 3.9 6.4 30.6 58.8 149.5 

105 210.5 108.8 10.9 3.8 7.0 31.7 58.8 162.2 

115 236.8 118.3 11.8 3.8 7.6 32.6 58.8 174.1 

125 261.8 127.0 12.4 3.8 8.2 33.5 58.8 184.9 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 4.7 12.8 23.8 19.5 

5 0 1.2 0.1 1.9 3.6 11.5 23.8 18.4 

15 0 2.6 0.3 1.9 2.2 10.0 23.8 17.0 

25 90 5.6 0.6 1.9 1.5 9.5 23.8 19.1 

35 324 10.4 1.0 1.8 1.4 9.5 23.8 24.1 

45 643 15.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 9.8 23.8 30.2 

55 1,010 21.2 2.1 1.7 1.6 10.3 23.8 36.9 

65 1,402 26.2 2.6 1.6 1.8 10.9 23.8 43.1 

75 1,808 31.0 3.1 1.6 2.1 11.4 23.8 49.2 

85 2,215 35.6 3.6 1.6 2.3 11.9 23.8 55.0 

95 2,617 40.0 4.0 1.6 2.6 12.4 23.8 60.5 

105 3,008 44.0 4.4 1.6 2.8 12.8 23.8 65.7 

115 3,384 47.9 4.8 1.5 3.1 13.2 23.8 70.5 

125 3,741 51.4 5.0 1.5 3.3 13.6 23.8 74.8 

81
A35.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 17.0 37.2 30.9 59.0 

5 0.0 2.6 0.3 4.8 15.3 35.4 30.9 58.4 

15 1.6 7.2 0.7 4.8 12.6 32.9 30.9 58.3 

25 15.3 19.8 2.0 4.4 11.1 31.8 30.9 68.9 

35 39.1 37.2 3.7 2.0 10.4 31.6 30.9 84.9 

45 66.2 54.6 5.5 1.2 10.2 32.0 30.9 103.5 

55 93.9 71.6 7.2 0.9 10.3 32.7 30.9 122.7 

65 120.8 85.9 8.6 0.7 10.4 33.6 30.9 139.2 

75 146.1 98.8 9.9 0.6 10.6 34.6 30.9 154.5 

85 169.5 110.3 11.0 0.6 10.9 35.6 30.9 168.4 

95 190.7 120.6 12.1 0.6 11.1 36.6 30.9 180.9 

105 209.8 129.5 12.9 0.6 11.4 37.5 30.9 192.0 

115 227.0 137.5 13.3 0.7 11.7 38.4 30.9 201.6 

125 242.3 144.4 13.8 0.7 12.0 39.2 30.9 210.1 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 6.9 15.1 12.5 23.9 

5 0 1.1 0.1 2.0 6.2 14.3 12.5 23.6 

15 23 2.9 0.3 2.0 5.1 13.3 12.5 23.6 

25 219 8.0 0.8 1.8 4.5 12.9 12.5 27.9 

35 559 15.0 1.5 0.8 4.2 12.8 12.5 34.4 

45 946 22.1 2.2 0.5 4.1 12.9 12.5 41.9 

55 1,342 29.0 2.9 0.4 4.2 13.2 12.5 49.6 

65 1,726 34.8 3.5 0.3 4.2 13.6 12.5 56.3 

75 2,088 40.0 4.0 0.2 4.3 14.0 12.5 62.5 

85 2,422 44.7 4.5 0.2 4.4 14.4 12.5 68.1 

95 2,726 48.8 4.9 0.2 4.5 14.8 12.5 73.2 

105 2,999 52.4 5.2 0.3 4.6 15.2 12.5 77.7 

115 3,244 55.6 5.4 0.3 4.7 15.5 12.5 81.6 

125 3,463 58.5 5.6 0.3 4.9 15.8 12.5 85.0 

82
A36.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands on forest land after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 11.3 37.2 31.5 53.3 

5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 10.2 35.4 31.5 52.4 

15 0.0 4.0 0.4 4.8 8.3 32.9 31.5 50.4 

25 8.5 12.0 1.2 4.3 7.3 31.8 31.5 56.5 

35 27.7 24.4 2.4 2.8 7.0 31.6 31.5 68.3 

45 49.5 36.7 3.7 2.3 6.9 32.0 31.5 81.5 

55 71.9 48.7 4.9 1.9 7.0 32.7 31.5 95.2 

65 94.1 58.6 5.9 1.7 7.1 33.6 31.5 107.0 

75 115.7 67.8 6.8 1.6 7.3 34.6 31.5 118.1 

85 136.5 76.2 7.6 1.5 7.6 35.6 31.5 128.5 

95 156.4 84.0 8.4 1.4 7.9 36.6 31.5 138.2 

105 175.2 91.2 9.1 1.3 8.2 37.5 31.5 147.3 

115 193.0 97.8 9.8 1.3 8.5 38.4 31.5 155.7 

125 209.6 103.8 10.4 1.2 8.8 39.2 31.5 163.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.6 15.1 12.7 21.6 

5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 4.1 14.3 12.7 21.2 

15 0 1.6 0.2 2.0 3.4 13.3 12.7 20.4 

25 122 4.8 0.5 1.7 3.0 12.9 12.7 22.9 

35 396 9.9 1.0 1.1 2.8 12.8 12.7 27.6 

45 708 14.8 1.5 0.9 2.8 12.9 12.7 33.0 

55 1,028 19.7 2.0 0.8 2.8 13.2 12.7 38.5 

65 1,345 23.7 2.4 0.7 2.9 13.6 12.7 43.3 

75 1,654 27.4 2.7 0.6 3.0 14.0 12.7 47.8 

85 1,951 30.8 3.1 0.6 3.1 14.4 12.7 52.0 

95 2,235 34.0 3.4 0.6 3.2 14.8 12.7 55.9 

105 2,504 36.9 3.7 0.5 3.3 15.2 12.7 59.6 

115 2,758 39.6 4.0 0.5 3.4 15.5 12.7 63.0 

125 2,995 42.0 4.2 0.5 3.6 15.8 12.7 66.1 

83
A37.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for lodgepole pine stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 10.8 24.1 27.0 39.7 

5 0.0 2.1 0.2 4.8 9.8 22.0 27.0 38.9 

15 0.0 4.3 0.4 4.8 8.1 19.4 27.0 37.0 

25 5.0 9.2 0.9 4.8 7.0 18.3 27.0 40.1 

35 18.3 16.9 1.7 3.4 6.5 18.2 27.0 46.6 

45 37.0 25.9 2.6 2.5 6.4 18.7 27.0 56.0 

55 58.5 34.1 3.4 2.0 6.4 19.4 27.0 65.4 

65 81.2 42.0 4.2 1.7 6.6 20.4 27.0 74.9 

75 104.1 49.5 4.9 1.5 6.8 21.4 27.0 84.1 

85 126.7 56.4 5.6 1.4 7.1 22.4 27.0 92.9 

95 148.3 62.8 6.3 1.3 7.4 23.3 27.0 101.1 

105 168.6 68.6 6.9 1.2 7.7 24.3 27.0 108.6 

115 187.3 73.8 7.4 1.1 8.0 25.2 27.0 115.5 

125 204.1 78.3 7.8 1.1 8.3 26.0 27.0 121.5 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 4.4 9.8 10.9 16.1 

5 0 0.9 0.1 1.9 4.0 8.9 10.9 15.7 

15 0 1.7 0.2 1.9 3.3 7.8 10.9 15.0 

25 71 3.7 0.4 1.9 2.8 7.4 10.9 16.2 

35 262 6.8 0.7 1.4 2.6 7.4 10.9 18.9 

45 529 10.5 1.0 1.0 2.6 7.6 10.9 22.7 

55 836 13.8 1.4 0.8 2.6 7.9 10.9 26.5 

65 1,160 17.0 1.7 0.7 2.7 8.2 10.9 30.3 

75 1,488 20.0 2.0 0.6 2.7 8.6 10.9 34.0 

85 1,810 22.8 2.3 0.6 2.9 9.1 10.9 37.6 

95 2,120 25.4 2.5 0.5 3.0 9.4 10.9 40.9 

105 2,410 27.8 2.8 0.5 3.1 9.8 10.9 44.0 

115 2,677 29.8 3.0 0.5 3.2 10.2 10.9 46.7 

125 2,917 31.7 3.2 0.4 3.4 10.5 10.9 49.2 

84
A38.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for ponderosa pine stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 9.7 24.1 24.1 38.6 

5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 8.8 22.0 24.1 37.6 

15 0.0 3.7 0.4 4.8 7.1 19.4 24.1 35.4 

25 4.4 9.4 0.9 4.8 6.2 18.3 24.1 39.7 

35 16.2 18.6 1.9 2.9 5.8 18.2 24.1 47.4 

45 32.2 28.8 2.7 2.1 5.8 18.7 24.1 58.1 

55 50.3 38.2 3.0 1.7 5.9 19.4 24.1 68.3 

65 69.3 47.1 3.3 1.5 6.0 20.4 24.1 78.3 

75 88.4 55.5 3.6 1.3 6.3 21.4 24.1 88.0 

85 107.2 63.2 3.8 1.2 6.6 22.4 24.1 97.1 

95 125.5 70.4 4.0 1.1 6.9 23.3 24.1 105.7 

105 143.0 77.1 4.1 1.0 7.2 24.3 24.1 113.7 

115 159.5 83.2 4.3 1.0 7.5 25.2 24.1 121.1 

125 175.1 88.8 4.4 0.9 7.8 26.0 24.1 127.9 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.9 9.8 9.8 15.6 

5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 3.5 8.9 9.8 15.2 

15 0 1.5 0.1 2.0 2.9 7.8 9.8 14.3 

25 63 3.8 0.4 2.0 2.5 7.4 9.8 16.1 

35 231 7.5 0.8 1.2 2.4 7.4 9.8 19.2 

45 460 11.7 1.1 0.9 2.3 7.6 9.8 23.5 

55 719 15.5 1.2 0.7 2.4 7.9 9.8 27.6 

65 990 19.1 1.4 0.6 2.4 8.2 9.8 31.7 

75 1,263 22.4 1.5 0.5 2.5 8.6 9.8 35.6 

85 1,532 25.6 1.5 0.5 2.7 9.1 9.8 39.3 

95 1,793 28.5 1.6 0.4 2.8 9.4 9.8 42.8 

105 2,043 31.2 1.7 0.4 2.9 9.8 9.8 46.0 

115 2,280 33.7 1.7 0.4 3.0 10.2 9.8 49.0 

125 2,503 35.9 1.8 0.4 3.2 10.5 9.8 51.8 

85
A39.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.9 12.2 72.9 26.3 

5 0.0 11.1 0.7 4.0 8.4 6.5 72.9 30.6 

10 19.1 22.6 1.3 3.6 7.5 6.4 72.9 41.4 

15 36.7 31.3 1.6 3.4 6.8 7.5 72.9 50.7 

20 60.4 40.8 1.9 3.2 6.6 8.7 72.9 61.2 

25 85.5 50.3 2.1 3.1 6.5 9.8 72.9 71.9 

30 108.7 58.2 2.3 3.1 6.6 10.7 72.9 80.8 

35 131.2 65.6 2.4 3.0 6.7 11.5 72.9 89.3 

40 152.3 72.5 2.5 3.0 6.9 12.2 72.9 97.1 

45 172.3 78.9 2.7 2.9 7.2 12.7 72.9 104.4 

50 191.4 85.0 2.7 2.9 7.5 13.2 72.9 111.3 

55 208.4 90.3 2.8 2.9 7.8 13.7 72.9 117.4 

60 223.9 95.1 2.9 2.8 8.1 14.1 72.9 122.9 

65 238.4 99.6 2.9 2.8 8.3 14.4 72.9 128.1 

70 252.9 104.0 3.0 2.8 8.6 14.7 72.9 133.2 

75 264.6 107.6 3.0 2.8 8.9 15.0 72.9 137.3 

80 277.1 111.4 3.1 2.8 9.1 15.2 72.9 141.6 

85 289.5 115.1 3.1 2.8 9.4 15.5 72.9 145.9 

90 299.6 118.2 3.2 2.7 9.6 15.7 72.9 149.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.0 4.9 29.5 10.7 

5 0 4.5 0.3 1.6 3.4 2.6 29.5 12.4 

10 273 9.2 0.5 1.4 3.0 2.6 29.5 16.8 

15 525 12.7 0.7 1.4 2.8 3.0 29.5 20.5 

20 863 16.5 0.8 1.3 2.7 3.5 29.5 24.8 

25 1,222 20.4 0.9 1.3 2.6 4.0 29.5 29.1 

30 1,554 23.5 0.9 1.2 2.7 4.3 29.5 32.7 

35 1,875 26.6 1.0 1.2 2.7 4.7 29.5 36.1 

40 2,177 29.3 1.0 1.2 2.8 4.9 29.5 39.3 

45 2,462 31.9 1.1 1.2 2.9 5.2 29.5 42.3 

50 2,736 34.4 1.1 1.2 3.0 5.4 29.5 45.1 

55 2,978 36.5 1.1 1.2 3.1 5.5 29.5 47.5 

60 3,200 38.5 1.2 1.1 3.3 5.7 29.5 49.8 

65 3,407 40.3 1.2 1.1 3.4 5.8 29.5 51.8 

70 3,614 42.1 1.2 1.1 3.5 6.0 29.5 53.9 

75 3,782 43.5 1.2 1.1 3.6 6.1 29.5 55.6 

80 3,960 45.1 1.3 1.1 3.7 6.2 29.5 57.3 

85 4,138 46.6 1.3 1.1 3.8 6.3 29.5 59.1 

90 4,281 47.8 1.3 1.1 3.9 6.3 29.5 60.5 

86
A40.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Southeast; volumes are for high-productivity sites (growth 

rate greater than 85 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high-intensity management (replanting with 

genetically improved stock) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 20.4 12.2 72.9 36.8 

5 0.0 11.0 0.7 4.0 15.9 6.5 72.9 38.0 

10 47.7 31.9 1.4 3.8 12.9 6.4 72.9 56.3 

15 146.5 67.4 1.9 3.7 11.4 7.5 72.9 91.9 

20 244.8 102.3 2.1 3.7 10.5 8.7 72.9 127.3 

25 315.2 124.2 2.3 3.7 9.7 9.8 72.9 149.7 

30 347.3 134.1 2.4 3.7 8.8 10.7 72.9 159.7 

35 351.5 135.4 2.4 3.7 8.0 11.5 72.9 160.9 

40 355.0 136.5 2.4 3.7 7.3 12.2 72.9 161.9 

45 358.5 137.5 2.4 3.6 6.8 12.7 72.9 163.1 

50 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 6.4 13.2 72.9 164.3 

55 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 6.1 13.7 72.9 164.4 

60 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.9 14.1 72.9 164.6 

65 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.7 14.4 72.9 164.8 

70 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.6 14.7 72.9 164.9 

75 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.5 15.0 72.9 165.1 

80 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.4 15.2 72.9 165.3 

85 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.4 15.5 72.9 165.5 

90 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.3 15.7 72.9 165.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.3 4.9 29.5 14.9 

5 0 4.5 0.3 1.6 6.4 2.6 29.5 15.4 

10 682 12.9 0.6 1.6 5.2 2.6 29.5 22.8 

15 2,094 27.3 0.8 1.5 4.6 3.0 29.5 37.2 

20 3,498 41.4 0.9 1.5 4.3 3.5 29.5 51.5 

25 4,504 50.3 0.9 1.5 3.9 4.0 29.5 60.6 

30 4,963 54.3 1.0 1.5 3.6 4.3 29.5 64.6 

35 5,024 54.8 1.0 1.5 3.2 4.7 29.5 65.1 

40 5,074 55.2 1.0 1.5 3.0 4.9 29.5 65.5 

45 5,124 55.7 1.0 1.5 2.8 5.2 29.5 66.0 

50 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.6 5.4 29.5 66.5 

55 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.5 5.5 29.5 66.5 

60 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.4 5.7 29.5 66.6 

65 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.3 5.8 29.5 66.7 

70 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.3 6.0 29.5 66.8 

75 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.2 6.1 29.5 66.8 

80 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.2 6.2 29.5 66.9 

85 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.2 6.3 29.5 67.0 

90 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.2 6.3 29.5 67.0 

87
A41.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for longleaf-slash pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Southeast

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.7 12.2 110.0 26.1 

5 0.0 5.3 0.4 4.2 7.8 6.5 110.0 24.1 

10 19.1 14.1 0.9 3.8 6.7 6.4 110.0 31.8 

15 36.7 21.4 1.0 3.6 5.9 7.5 110.0 39.4 

20 60.4 30.4 1.1 3.4 5.6 8.7 110.0 49.2 

25 85.5 39.2 1.1 3.3 5.6 9.8 110.0 59.0 

30 108.7 47.2 1.2 3.2 5.6 10.7 110.0 67.9 

35 131.2 54.8 1.2 3.1 5.8 11.5 110.0 76.4 

40 152.3 61.9 1.3 3.0 6.0 12.2 110.0 84.4 

45 172.3 68.5 1.3 3.0 6.3 12.7 110.0 91.9 

50 191.4 74.8 1.3 2.9 6.7 13.2 110.0 99.0 

55 208.4 80.4 1.3 2.9 7.0 13.7 110.0 105.2 

60 223.9 85.4 1.3 2.9 7.3 14.1 110.0 111.0 

65 238.4 90.1 1.4 2.9 7.6 14.4 110.0 116.3 

70 252.9 94.8 1.4 2.8 7.9 14.7 110.0 121.6 

75 264.6 98.6 1.4 2.8 8.1 15.0 110.0 125.9 

80 277.1 102.6 1.4 2.8 8.4 15.2 110.0 130.5 

85 289.5 106.6 1.4 2.8 8.7 15.5 110.0 135.0 

90 299.6 109.8 1.4 2.8 9.0 15.7 110.0 138.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 3.9 4.9 44.5 10.5 

5 0 2.2 0.2 1.7 3.1 2.6 44.5 9.8 

10 273 5.7 0.3 1.5 2.7 2.6 44.5 12.9 

15 525 8.7 0.4 1.4 2.4 3.0 44.5 15.9 

20 863 12.3 0.4 1.4 2.3 3.5 44.5 19.9 

25 1,222 15.9 0.5 1.3 2.3 4.0 44.5 23.9 

30 1,554 19.1 0.5 1.3 2.3 4.3 44.5 27.5 

35 1,875 22.2 0.5 1.3 2.4 4.7 44.5 30.9 

40 2,177 25.0 0.5 1.2 2.4 4.9 44.5 34.2 

45 2,462 27.7 0.5 1.2 2.6 5.2 44.5 37.2 

50 2,736 30.3 0.5 1.2 2.7 5.4 44.5 40.1 

55 2,978 32.5 0.5 1.2 2.8 5.5 44.5 42.6 

60 3,200 34.6 0.5 1.2 2.9 5.7 44.5 44.9 

65 3,407 36.5 0.6 1.2 3.1 5.8 44.5 47.1 

70 3,614 38.4 0.6 1.1 3.2 6.0 44.5 49.2 

75 3,782 39.9 0.6 1.1 3.3 6.1 44.5 51.0 

80 3,960 41.5 0.6 1.1 3.4 6.2 44.5 52.8 

85 4,138 43.1 0.6 1.1 3.5 6.3 44.5 54.6 

90 4,281 44.4 0.6 1.1 3.6 6.3 44.5 56.1 

88
A42.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for longleaf-slash pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Southeast; volumes are for high-productivity sites (growth 

rate greater than 85 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high-intensity management (replanting with 

genetically improved stock) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 21.1 12.2 110.0 37.4 

5 0.0 8.8 0.4 4.0 16.3 6.5 110.0 36.0 

10 47.7 27.2 0.8 3.9 13.1 6.4 110.0 51.3 

15 146.5 60.1 0.8 3.8 11.4 7.5 110.0 83.5 

20 244.8 91.2 0.9 3.7 10.3 8.7 110.0 114.8 

25 315.2 113.5 0.9 3.7 9.5 9.8 110.0 137.3 

30 347.3 122.8 0.9 3.7 8.5 10.7 110.0 146.6 

35 351.5 124.0 0.9 3.7 7.6 11.5 110.0 147.7 

40 355.0 125.0 0.9 3.7 6.9 12.2 110.0 148.7 

45 358.5 126.0 0.9 3.7 6.4 12.7 110.0 149.8 

50 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 6.0 13.2 110.0 150.9 

55 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 5.7 13.7 110.0 151.0 

60 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 5.5 14.1 110.0 151.2 

65 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 5.3 14.4 110.0 151.3 

70 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 5.2 14.7 110.0 151.5 

75 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 5.1 15.0 110.0 151.7 

80 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 5.0 15.2 110.0 151.9 

85 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.9 15.5 110.0 152.0 

90 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.9 15.7 110.0 152.2 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.5 4.9 44.5 15.2 

5 0 3.6 0.2 1.6 6.6 2.6 44.5 14.6 

10 682 11.0 0.3 1.6 5.3 2.6 44.5 20.8 

15 2,094 24.3 0.3 1.5 4.6 3.0 44.5 33.8 

20 3,498 36.9 0.4 1.5 4.2 3.5 44.5 46.5 

25 4,504 45.9 0.4 1.5 3.8 4.0 44.5 55.6 

30 4,963 49.7 0.4 1.5 3.5 4.3 44.5 59.3 

35 5,024 50.2 0.4 1.5 3.1 4.7 44.5 59.8 

40 5,074 50.6 0.4 1.5 2.8 4.9 44.5 60.2 

45 5,124 51.0 0.4 1.5 2.6 5.2 44.5 60.6 

50 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.4 5.4 44.5 61.1 

55 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.3 5.5 44.5 61.1 

60 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.2 5.7 44.5 61.2 

65 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.2 5.8 44.5 61.2 

70 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.1 6.0 44.5 61.3 

75 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.1 6.1 44.5 61.4 

80 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.0 6.2 44.5 61.5 

85 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.0 6.3 44.5 61.5 

90 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 2.0 6.3 44.5 61.6 

89
A43.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-gum-cypress stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 10.2 6.0 158.0 18.1 

5 0.0 6.7 0.7 1.9 6.2 2.4 158.0 17.9 

10 9.8 18.8 1.9 1.8 4.5 2.4 158.0 29.3 

15 19.9 28.3 2.4 1.7 3.7 3.0 158.0 39.1 

20 32.7 38.0 2.8 1.7 3.5 3.8 158.0 49.7 

25 45.4 46.8 3.1 1.6 3.6 4.4 158.0 59.5 

30 58.1 54.0 3.4 1.6 3.8 5.0 158.0 67.8 

35 73.4 62.3 3.6 1.6 4.2 5.5 158.0 77.2 

40 92.2 71.9 3.9 1.6 4.7 6.0 158.0 88.1 

45 110.7 80.9 4.2 1.6 5.2 6.4 158.0 98.3 

50 128.1 89.0 4.4 1.5 5.7 6.8 158.0 107.5 

55 146.3 97.3 4.6 1.5 6.2 7.2 158.0 116.7 

60 166.1 105.9 4.7 1.5 6.7 7.5 158.0 126.5 

65 186.4 114.5 4.9 1.5 7.3 7.8 158.0 136.1 

70 205.7 122.5 5.1 1.5 7.8 8.1 158.0 145.0 

75 222.5 129.3 5.2 1.5 8.2 8.4 158.0 152.6 

80 237.9 135.4 5.3 1.5 8.6 8.6 158.0 159.4 

85 257.3 142.9 5.5 1.5 9.1 8.9 158.0 167.8 

90 278.9 151.2 5.6 1.5 9.6 9.1 158.0 177.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.1 2.4 63.9 7.3 

5 0 2.7 0.3 0.8 2.5 1.0 63.9 7.3 

10 140 7.6 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.0 63.9 11.9 

15 284 11.5 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.2 63.9 15.8 

20 467 15.4 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.5 63.9 20.1 

25 649 18.9 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.8 63.9 24.1 

30 830 21.9 1.4 0.7 1.5 2.0 63.9 27.4 

35 1,049 25.2 1.5 0.6 1.7 2.2 63.9 31.3 

40 1,318 29.1 1.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 63.9 35.7 

45 1,582 32.7 1.7 0.6 2.1 2.6 63.9 39.8 

50 1,830 36.0 1.8 0.6 2.3 2.8 63.9 43.5 

55 2,091 39.4 1.8 0.6 2.5 2.9 63.9 47.2 

60 2,374 42.9 1.9 0.6 2.7 3.1 63.9 51.2 

65 2,664 46.3 2.0 0.6 2.9 3.2 63.9 55.1 

70 2,940 49.6 2.1 0.6 3.2 3.3 63.9 58.7 

75 3,180 52.3 2.1 0.6 3.3 3.4 63.9 61.8 

80 3,400 54.8 2.2 0.6 3.5 3.5 63.9 64.5 

85 3,677 57.8 2.2 0.6 3.7 3.6 63.9 67.9 

90 3,986 61.2 2.3 0.6 3.9 3.7 63.9 71.6 

90
A44.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 10.8 6.0 45.3 21.0 

5 0.0 8.1 0.8 4.2 6.7 2.4 45.3 22.1 

10 11.7 21.0 2.1 3.8 4.8 2.4 45.3 34.0 

15 21.2 30.3 2.5 3.5 3.8 3.0 45.3 43.1 

20 33.8 40.0 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.8 45.3 53.4 

25 46.6 49.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.4 45.3 63.8 

30 60.2 57.5 3.2 3.1 3.8 5.0 45.3 72.6 

35 76.3 66.6 3.4 3.0 4.2 5.5 45.3 82.7 

40 94.3 76.2 3.6 2.9 4.6 6.0 45.3 93.5 

45 114.1 86.4 3.8 2.9 5.2 6.4 45.3 104.7 

50 133.0 95.8 4.0 2.8 5.7 6.8 45.3 115.2 

55 151.4 104.8 4.1 2.8 6.2 7.2 45.3 125.1 

60 168.9 113.0 4.2 2.7 6.7 7.5 45.3 134.2 

65 185.6 120.8 4.3 2.7 7.2 7.8 45.3 142.8 

70 201.5 128.0 4.4 2.7 7.6 8.1 45.3 150.8 

75 215.7 134.4 4.5 2.6 8.0 8.4 45.3 157.9 

80 229.4 140.5 4.6 2.6 8.3 8.6 45.3 164.6 

85 242.5 146.2 4.6 2.6 8.7 8.9 45.3 171.0 

90 254.1 151.3 4.7 2.6 9.0 9.1 45.3 176.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.4 2.4 18.3 8.5 

5 0 3.3 0.3 1.7 2.7 1.0 18.3 9.0 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.5 1.9 1.0 18.3 13.8 

15 303 12.3 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.2 18.3 17.4 

20 483 16.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 18.3 21.6 

25 666 20.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 18.3 25.8 

30 860 23.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.0 18.3 29.4 

35 1,091 26.9 1.4 1.2 1.7 2.2 18.3 33.5 

40 1,348 30.8 1.5 1.2 1.9 2.4 18.3 37.8 

45 1,630 35.0 1.5 1.2 2.1 2.6 18.3 42.4 

50 1,901 38.8 1.6 1.1 2.3 2.8 18.3 46.6 

55 2,164 42.4 1.7 1.1 2.5 2.9 18.3 50.6 

60 2,414 45.7 1.7 1.1 2.7 3.1 18.3 54.3 

65 2,652 48.9 1.7 1.1 2.9 3.2 18.3 57.8 

70 2,880 51.8 1.8 1.1 3.1 3.3 18.3 61.0 

75 3,082 54.4 1.8 1.1 3.2 3.4 18.3 63.9 

80 3,278 56.8 1.8 1.1 3.4 3.5 18.3 66.6 

85 3,465 59.2 1.9 1.0 3.5 3.6 18.3 69.2 

90 3,632 61.2 1.9 1.0 3.6 3.7 18.3 71.5 

91
A45.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.3 10.3 61.4 25.8 

5 0.0 7.4 0.6 4.1 9.0 5.8 61.4 26.9 

10 13.6 19.6 1.2 3.6 7.7 5.9 61.4 38.0 

15 27.8 29.3 1.6 3.5 6.7 6.8 61.4 47.9 

20 43.9 39.0 1.9 3.4 6.2 7.7 61.4 58.2 

25 59.3 46.8 2.1 3.3 5.8 8.6 61.4 66.5 

30 77.2 55.4 2.3 3.2 5.6 9.2 61.4 75.8 

35 96.8 64.4 2.5 3.2 5.7 9.8 61.4 85.5 

40 117.2 73.4 2.7 3.1 5.9 10.2 61.4 95.3 

45 136.4 81.6 2.8 3.1 6.1 10.6 61.4 104.2 

50 154.1 88.9 2.9 3.1 6.3 11.0 61.4 112.2 

55 171.4 96.0 3.0 3.0 6.6 11.3 61.4 119.9 

60 189.6 103.2 3.1 3.0 6.9 11.5 61.4 127.8 

65 204.5 109.1 3.2 3.0 7.2 11.8 61.4 134.3 

70 218.8 114.6 3.3 3.0 7.5 12.0 61.4 140.3 

75 234.5 120.6 3.4 2.9 7.8 12.1 61.4 146.9 

80 247.6 125.5 3.5 2.9 8.1 12.3 61.4 152.3 

85 259.4 129.9 3.5 2.9 8.3 12.5 61.4 157.2 

90 272.3 134.7 3.6 2.9 8.6 12.6 61.4 162.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.6 4.2 24.9 10.4 

5 0 3.0 0.3 1.7 3.6 2.4 24.9 10.9 

10 195 7.9 0.5 1.5 3.1 2.4 24.9 15.4 

15 397 11.9 0.6 1.4 2.7 2.7 24.9 19.4 

20 628 15.8 0.8 1.4 2.5 3.1 24.9 23.5 

25 848 19.0 0.8 1.3 2.3 3.5 24.9 26.9 

30 1,104 22.4 0.9 1.3 2.3 3.7 24.9 30.7 

35 1,384 26.1 1.0 1.3 2.3 4.0 24.9 34.6 

40 1,675 29.7 1.1 1.3 2.4 4.1 24.9 38.5 

45 1,950 33.0 1.1 1.2 2.5 4.3 24.9 42.2 

50 2,202 36.0 1.2 1.2 2.6 4.4 24.9 45.4 

55 2,450 38.8 1.2 1.2 2.7 4.6 24.9 48.5 

60 2,710 41.8 1.3 1.2 2.8 4.7 24.9 51.7 

65 2,923 44.1 1.3 1.2 2.9 4.8 24.9 54.3 

70 3,127 46.4 1.3 1.2 3.0 4.8 24.9 56.8 

75 3,352 48.8 1.4 1.2 3.2 4.9 24.9 59.5 

80 3,539 50.8 1.4 1.2 3.3 5.0 24.9 61.6 

85 3,707 52.6 1.4 1.2 3.4 5.0 24.9 63.6 

90 3,891 54.5 1.4 1.2 3.5 5.1 24.9 65.7 

92
A46.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for elm-ash-cottonwood stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.2 6.0 49.9 21.4 

5 0.0 8.6 0.9 4.9 7.0 2.4 49.9 23.7 

10 11.7 18.3 1.8 4.1 4.9 2.4 49.9 31.5 

15 21.2 27.0 2.7 3.7 3.9 3.0 49.9 40.3 

20 33.8 36.3 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 49.9 50.3 

25 46.6 45.1 3.6 3.3 3.7 4.4 49.9 60.0 

30 60.2 53.8 3.8 3.2 4.0 5.0 49.9 69.7 

35 76.3 63.3 4.1 3.1 4.4 5.5 49.9 80.4 

40 94.3 73.3 4.4 2.9 5.0 6.0 49.9 91.6 

45 114.1 83.8 4.6 2.9 5.6 6.4 49.9 103.4 

50 133.0 95.1 4.8 2.8 6.4 6.8 49.9 115.9 

55 151.4 104.2 5.0 2.7 7.0 7.2 49.9 126.0 

60 168.9 112.7 5.1 2.7 7.5 7.5 49.9 135.5 

65 185.6 120.7 5.3 2.6 8.0 7.8 49.9 144.5 

70 201.5 128.4 5.4 2.6 8.5 8.1 49.9 153.0 

75 215.7 135.1 5.5 2.6 9.0 8.4 49.9 160.6 

80 229.4 141.6 5.6 2.5 9.4 8.6 49.9 167.8 

85 242.5 147.8 5.7 2.5 9.8 8.9 49.9 174.7 

90 254.1 153.4 5.8 2.5 10.2 9.1 49.9 180.9 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.5 2.4 20.2 8.7 

5 0 3.5 0.3 2.0 2.8 1.0 20.2 9.6 

10 167 7.4 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.0 20.2 12.7 

15 303 10.9 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.2 20.2 16.3 

20 483 14.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 20.2 20.4 

25 666 18.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.8 20.2 24.3 

30 860 21.8 1.6 1.3 1.6 2.0 20.2 28.2 

35 1,091 25.6 1.7 1.2 1.8 2.2 20.2 32.5 

40 1,348 29.7 1.8 1.2 2.0 2.4 20.2 37.1 

45 1,630 33.9 1.9 1.2 2.3 2.6 20.2 41.8 

50 1,901 38.5 1.9 1.1 2.6 2.8 20.2 46.9 

55 2,164 42.2 2.0 1.1 2.8 2.9 20.2 51.0 

60 2,414 45.6 2.1 1.1 3.0 3.1 20.2 54.8 

65 2,652 48.9 2.1 1.1 3.3 3.2 20.2 58.5 

70 2,880 52.0 2.2 1.0 3.5 3.3 20.2 61.9 

75 3,082 54.7 2.2 1.0 3.6 3.4 20.2 65.0 

80 3,278 57.3 2.3 1.0 3.8 3.5 20.2 67.9 

85 3,465 59.8 2.3 1.0 4.0 3.6 20.2 70.7 

90 3,632 62.1 2.3 1.0 4.1 3.7 20.2 73.2 

93
A47.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.2 12.2 41.9 25.6 

5 0.0 10.8 0.7 4.7 7.7 6.5 41.9 30.3 

10 19.1 23.1 1.3 3.9 6.8 6.4 41.9 41.5 

15 36.7 32.4 1.6 3.5 6.2 7.5 41.9 51.2 

20 60.4 42.2 1.8 3.3 5.9 8.7 41.9 61.9 

25 85.5 52.0 2.0 3.1 5.8 9.8 41.9 72.8 

30 108.7 59.6 2.1 3.0 5.8 10.7 41.9 81.2 

35 131.2 66.6 2.3 2.9 5.9 11.5 41.9 89.1 

40 152.3 73.1 2.3 2.9 6.0 12.2 41.9 96.4 

45 172.3 79.0 2.4 2.8 6.1 12.7 41.9 103.1 

50 191.4 84.7 2.5 2.8 6.4 13.2 41.9 109.5 

55 208.4 89.6 2.6 2.7 6.5 13.7 41.9 115.1 

60 223.9 94.0 2.6 2.7 6.7 14.1 41.9 120.1 

65 238.4 98.1 2.7 2.6 7.0 14.4 41.9 124.8 

70 252.9 102.2 2.7 2.6 7.2 14.7 41.9 129.4 

75 264.6 105.5 2.7 2.6 7.3 15.0 41.9 133.1 

80 277.1 108.9 2.8 2.6 7.6 15.2 41.9 137.0 

85 289.5 112.3 2.8 2.6 7.8 15.5 41.9 140.9 

90 299.6 115.1 2.8 2.5 7.9 15.7 41.9 144.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 3.7 4.9 17.0 10.4 

5 0 4.4 0.3 1.9 3.1 2.6 17.0 12.3 

10 273 9.4 0.5 1.6 2.8 2.6 17.0 16.8 

15 525 13.1 0.6 1.4 2.5 3.0 17.0 20.7 

20 863 17.1 0.7 1.3 2.4 3.5 17.0 25.1 

25 1,222 21.1 0.8 1.3 2.4 4.0 17.0 29.5 

30 1,554 24.1 0.9 1.2 2.3 4.3 17.0 32.9 

35 1,875 27.0 0.9 1.2 2.4 4.7 17.0 36.1 

40 2,177 29.6 0.9 1.2 2.4 4.9 17.0 39.0 

45 2,462 32.0 1.0 1.1 2.5 5.2 17.0 41.7 

50 2,736 34.3 1.0 1.1 2.6 5.4 17.0 44.3 

55 2,978 36.3 1.0 1.1 2.7 5.5 17.0 46.6 

60 3,200 38.1 1.1 1.1 2.7 5.7 17.0 48.6 

65 3,407 39.7 1.1 1.1 2.8 5.8 17.0 50.5 

70 3,614 41.4 1.1 1.1 2.9 6.0 17.0 52.4 

75 3,782 42.7 1.1 1.1 3.0 6.1 17.0 53.9 

80 3,960 44.1 1.1 1.0 3.1 6.2 17.0 55.5 

85 4,138 45.5 1.1 1.0 3.1 6.3 17.0 57.0 

90 4,281 46.6 1.1 1.0 3.2 6.3 17.0 58.3 

94
A48.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the South Central; volumes are for high-productivity sites 

(growth rate greater than 120 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high-intensity management 

(replanting with genetically improved stock) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 20.4 12.2 41.9 36.7 

5 0.0 10.8 0.4 4.1 15.8 6.5 41.9 37.6 

10 47.7 34.2 0.9 3.9 13.0 6.4 41.9 58.3 

15 146.5 68.7 1.0 3.8 11.5 7.5 41.9 92.5 

20 244.8 99.2 1.1 3.7 10.5 8.7 41.9 123.2 

25 315.2 118.3 1.1 3.7 9.6 9.8 41.9 142.6 

30 347.3 126.8 1.1 3.7 8.7 10.7 41.9 151.1 

35 351.5 127.9 1.1 3.7 7.8 11.5 41.9 152.1 

40 355.0 128.8 1.1 3.7 7.2 12.2 41.9 153.0 

45 358.5 129.8 1.1 3.7 6.7 12.7 41.9 154.0 

50 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 6.3 13.2 41.9 155.0 

55 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 6.0 13.7 41.9 155.2 

60 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.8 14.1 41.9 155.3 

65 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.6 14.4 41.9 155.5 

70 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.5 14.7 41.9 155.7 

75 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.4 15.0 41.9 155.9 

80 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.3 15.2 41.9 156.0 

85 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.2 15.5 41.9 156.2 

90 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.2 15.7 41.9 156.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.2 4.9 17.0 14.9 

5 0 4.4 0.2 1.6 6.4 2.6 17.0 15.2 

10 682 13.8 0.3 1.6 5.2 2.6 17.0 23.6 

15 2,094 27.8 0.4 1.5 4.6 3.0 17.0 37.4 

20 3,498 40.1 0.4 1.5 4.2 3.5 17.0 49.9 

25 4,504 47.9 0.4 1.5 3.9 4.0 17.0 57.7 

30 4,963 51.3 0.5 1.5 3.5 4.3 17.0 61.1 

35 5,024 51.8 0.5 1.5 3.2 4.7 17.0 61.6 

40 5,074 52.1 0.5 1.5 2.9 4.9 17.0 61.9 

45 5,124 52.5 0.5 1.5 2.7 5.2 17.0 62.3 

50 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.6 5.4 17.0 62.7 

55 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.4 5.5 17.0 62.8 

60 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.3 5.7 17.0 62.9 

65 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.3 5.8 17.0 62.9 

70 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.2 6.0 17.0 63.0 

75 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.2 6.1 17.0 63.1 

80 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.1 6.2 17.0 63.1 

85 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.1 6.3 17.0 63.2 

90 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.1 6.3 17.0 63.3 

95
A49.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-gum-cypress stands on 

forest land after clearcut harvest in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 10.8 6.0 52.8 18.6 

5 0.0 5.4 0.5 2.1 6.5 2.4 52.8 16.9 

10 9.8 17.8 1.8 1.8 4.6 2.4 52.8 28.4 

15 19.9 28.4 2.8 1.7 3.8 3.0 52.8 39.8 

20 32.7 39.3 3.2 1.7 3.6 3.8 52.8 51.6 

25 45.4 48.8 3.4 1.6 3.7 4.4 52.8 61.9 

30 58.1 57.2 3.5 1.6 4.0 5.0 52.8 71.2 

35 73.4 66.9 3.6 1.6 4.4 5.5 52.8 82.1 

40 92.2 76.9 3.7 1.6 5.0 6.0 52.8 93.1 

45 110.7 86.1 3.7 1.5 5.5 6.4 52.8 103.4 

50 128.1 94.4 3.8 1.5 6.0 6.8 52.8 112.6 

55 146.3 102.8 3.9 1.5 6.5 7.2 52.8 121.9 

60 166.1 111.6 3.9 1.5 7.1 7.5 52.8 131.6 

65 186.4 120.3 4.0 1.5 7.6 7.8 52.8 141.2 

70 205.7 128.3 4.0 1.5 8.1 8.1 52.8 150.1 

75 222.5 135.1 4.1 1.5 8.5 8.4 52.8 157.6 

80 237.9 141.2 4.1 1.5 8.9 8.6 52.8 164.4 

85 257.3 148.8 4.1 1.5 9.4 8.9 52.8 172.6 

90 278.9 157.0 4.2 1.4 9.9 9.1 52.8 181.6 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.4 2.4 21.4 7.5 

5 0 2.2 0.2 0.8 2.6 1.0 21.4 6.9 

10 140 7.2 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.0 21.4 11.5 

15 284 11.5 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.2 21.4 16.1 

20 467 15.9 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.5 21.4 20.9 

25 649 19.7 1.4 0.7 1.5 1.8 21.4 25.1 

30 830 23.1 1.4 0.7 1.6 2.0 21.4 28.8 

35 1,049 27.1 1.4 0.6 1.8 2.2 21.4 33.2 

40 1,318 31.1 1.5 0.6 2.0 2.4 21.4 37.7 

45 1,582 34.9 1.5 0.6 2.2 2.6 21.4 41.8 

50 1,830 38.2 1.5 0.6 2.4 2.8 21.4 45.6 

55 2,091 41.6 1.6 0.6 2.6 2.9 21.4 49.3 

60 2,374 45.2 1.6 0.6 2.9 3.1 21.4 53.3 

65 2,664 48.7 1.6 0.6 3.1 3.2 21.4 57.1 

70 2,940 51.9 1.6 0.6 3.3 3.3 21.4 60.7 

75 3,180 54.7 1.6 0.6 3.5 3.4 21.4 63.8 

80 3,400 57.2 1.7 0.6 3.6 3.5 21.4 66.5 

85 3,677 60.2 1.7 0.6 3.8 3.6 21.4 69.9 

90 3,986 63.5 1.7 0.6 4.0 3.7 21.4 73.5 

96
A50.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands on forest 

land after clearcut harvest in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.7 6.0 38.6 21.8 

5 0.0 9.7 0.9 4.7 7.3 2.4 38.6 25.0 

10 11.7 20.9 1.9 4.0 5.2 2.4 38.6 34.3 

15 21.2 30.1 2.1 3.6 4.2 3.0 38.6 43.0 

20 33.8 39.5 2.3 3.4 3.9 3.8 38.6 52.9 

25 46.6 48.2 2.4 3.3 3.9 4.4 38.6 62.2 

30 60.2 56.6 2.6 3.1 4.2 5.0 38.6 71.4 

35 76.3 65.6 2.7 3.0 4.6 5.5 38.6 81.4 

40 94.3 76.2 2.8 2.9 5.2 6.0 38.6 93.1 

45 114.1 85.7 2.9 2.8 5.8 6.4 38.6 103.7 

50 133.0 94.7 3.0 2.8 6.3 6.8 38.6 113.6 

55 151.4 103.3 3.0 2.7 6.9 7.2 38.6 123.1 

60 168.9 111.3 3.1 2.7 7.4 7.5 38.6 132.0 

65 185.6 118.8 3.2 2.6 7.9 7.8 38.6 140.4 

70 201.5 126.0 3.2 2.6 8.4 8.1 38.6 148.3 

75 215.7 132.3 3.2 2.6 8.8 8.4 38.6 155.3 

80 229.4 138.3 3.3 2.5 9.2 8.6 38.6 162.0 

85 242.5 144.0 3.3 2.5 9.6 8.9 38.6 168.3 

90 254.1 149.1 3.3 2.5 9.9 9.1 38.6 174.0 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.7 2.4 15.6 8.8 

5 0 3.9 0.4 1.9 2.9 1.0 15.6 10.1 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.6 2.1 1.0 15.6 13.9 

15 303 12.2 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.2 15.6 17.4 

20 483 16.0 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 15.6 21.4 

25 666 19.5 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 15.6 25.2 

30 860 22.9 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.0 15.6 28.9 

35 1,091 26.6 1.1 1.2 1.9 2.2 15.6 33.0 

40 1,348 30.8 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.4 15.6 37.7 

45 1,630 34.7 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.6 15.6 41.9 

50 1,901 38.3 1.2 1.1 2.6 2.8 15.6 46.0 

55 2,164 41.8 1.2 1.1 2.8 2.9 15.6 49.8 

60 2,414 45.0 1.3 1.1 3.0 3.1 15.6 53.4 

65 2,652 48.1 1.3 1.1 3.2 3.2 15.6 56.8 

70 2,880 51.0 1.3 1.1 3.4 3.3 15.6 60.0 

75 3,082 53.5 1.3 1.0 3.6 3.4 15.6 62.8 

80 3,278 56.0 1.3 1.0 3.7 3.5 15.6 65.6 

85 3,465 58.3 1.3 1.0 3.9 3.6 15.6 68.1 

90 3,632 60.3 1.4 1.0 4.0 3.7 15.6 70.4 

97
A51.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands on forest land 

after clearcut harvest in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 12.4 10.3 41.7 26.9 

5 0.0 8.7 0.7 4.4 10.0 5.8 41.7 29.6 

10 13.6 21.4 1.4 3.7 8.6 5.9 41.7 41.0 

15 27.8 31.9 1.7 3.5 7.7 6.8 41.7 51.5 

20 43.9 41.8 2.0 3.3 7.1 7.7 41.7 61.9 

25 59.3 50.9 2.2 3.2 6.7 8.6 41.7 71.6 

30 77.2 59.2 2.5 3.1 6.6 9.2 41.7 80.6 

35 96.8 67.9 2.6 3.0 6.7 9.8 41.7 90.0 

40 117.2 76.5 2.8 2.9 6.9 10.2 41.7 99.4 

45 136.4 84.4 3.0 2.9 7.1 10.6 41.7 108.0 

50 154.1 91.4 3.1 2.8 7.4 11.0 41.7 115.7 

55 171.4 98.2 3.2 2.8 7.7 11.3 41.7 123.2 

60 189.6 105.2 3.3 2.8 8.0 11.5 41.7 130.8 

65 204.5 110.7 3.4 2.7 8.3 11.8 41.7 137.0 

70 218.8 116.0 3.5 2.7 8.6 12.0 41.7 142.8 

75 234.5 121.8 3.6 2.7 9.0 12.1 41.7 149.2 

80 247.6 126.5 3.6 2.7 9.3 12.3 41.7 154.4 

85 259.4 130.7 3.7 2.7 9.6 12.5 41.7 159.0 

90 272.3 135.2 3.8 2.6 9.9 12.6 41.7 164.1 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 5.0 4.2 16.9 10.9 

5 0 3.5 0.3 1.8 4.0 2.4 16.9 12.0 

10 195 8.6 0.6 1.5 3.5 2.4 16.9 16.6 

15 397 12.9 0.7 1.4 3.1 2.7 16.9 20.9 

20 628 16.9 0.8 1.3 2.9 3.1 16.9 25.0 

25 848 20.6 0.9 1.3 2.7 3.5 16.9 29.0 

30 1,104 24.0 1.0 1.2 2.7 3.7 16.9 32.6 

35 1,384 27.5 1.1 1.2 2.7 4.0 16.9 36.4 

40 1,675 31.0 1.1 1.2 2.8 4.1 16.9 40.2 

45 1,950 34.2 1.2 1.2 2.9 4.3 16.9 43.7 

50 2,202 37.0 1.3 1.2 3.0 4.4 16.9 46.8 

55 2,450 39.7 1.3 1.1 3.1 4.6 16.9 49.9 

60 2,710 42.6 1.3 1.1 3.3 4.7 16.9 52.9 

65 2,923 44.8 1.4 1.1 3.4 4.8 16.9 55.4 

70 3,127 47.0 1.4 1.1 3.5 4.8 16.9 57.8 

75 3,352 49.3 1.4 1.1 3.6 4.9 16.9 60.4 

80 3,539 51.2 1.5 1.1 3.8 5.0 16.9 62.5 

85 3,707 52.9 1.5 1.1 3.9 5.0 16.9 64.4 

90 3,891 54.7 1.5 1.1 4.0 5.1 16.9 66.4 

98
APPENDIX B 

Forest Ecosystem Yield Tables for Afforestation (Establishment on Nonforest Land)2

Carbon Stocks with Afforestation of Land 

B1. Aspen-birch, Northeast 

B2. Maple-beech-birch, Northeast 

B3. Oak-hickory, Northeast 

B4. Oak-pine, Northeast 

B5. Spruce-balsam fir, Northeast 

B6. White-red-jack pine, Northeast 

B7. Aspen-birch, Northern Lake States 

B8. Elm-ash-cottonwood, Northern Lake 

States 

B9. Maple-beech-birch, Northern Lake 

States 

B10. Oak-hickory, Northern Lake States 

B11. Spruce-balsam fir, Northern Lake 

States 

B12. White-red-jack pine, Northern Lake 

States 

B13. Elm-ash-cottonwood, Northern Prairie 

States 

B14. Maple-beech-birch, Northern Prairie 

States 

B15. Oak-hickory, Northern Prairie States 

B16. Oak-pine, Northern Prairie States 

B17. Douglas-fir, Pacific Northwest, East 

B18. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacific 

Northwest, East 

B19. Lodgepole pine, Pacific Northwest, 

East 

B20. Ponderosa pine, Pacific Northwest, 

East 

B21. Alder-maple, Pacific Northwest, West 

B22. Douglas-fir, Pacific Northwest, West 

B23. Douglas-fir, high productivity and 

management intensity, Pacific 

Northwest, West 

B24. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacific 

Northwest, West 

B25. Hemlock-Sitka spruce, Pacific 

Northwest, West 

B26. Hemlock-Sitka spruce, high 

productivity and management 

intensity, Pacific Northwest, West 

B27. Mixed conifer, Pacific Southwest 

B28. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Pacific 

Southwest 

B29. Western oak, Pacific Southwest 

B30. Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain, North 

B31. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Rocky 

Mountain, North 

B32. Lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain, 

North 

B33. Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain, 

North 

B34. Aspen-birch, Rocky Mountain, South 

B35. Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain, South 

B36. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Rocky 

Mountain, South 

B37. Lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain, 

South 

B38. Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain, 

South 

B39. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, Southeast 

B40. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high 

productivity and management 

intensity, Southeast 

B41. Longleaf-slash pine, Southeast 

B42. Longleaf-slash pine, high productivity 

and management intensity, Southeast 

B43. Oak-gum-cypress, Southeast 

B44. Oak-hickory, Southeast 

B45. Oak-pine, Southeast 

B46. Elm-ash-cottonwood, South Central 

B47. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, South Central 

B48. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high 

productivity and management 

intensity, South Central 

B49. Oak-gum-cypress, South Central 

B50. Oak-hickory, South Central 

B51. Oak-pine, South Central 

 

2

 Note carbon mass is in metric tons (tonnes) in all tables. 

99
B1.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for aspen-birch stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 65.6 2.0 

5 0.0 6.6 0.6 2.2 0.5 1.6 65.8 11.5 

15 12.9 21.3 1.8 2.1 1.7 4.0 67.4 30.9 

25 33.8 36.0 2.9 2.1 2.8 5.8 70.4 49.6 

35 58.4 50.1 3.8 2.1 3.9 7.3 74.0 67.1 

45 84.7 62.7 4.6 2.1 4.9 8.4 77.7 82.6 

55 112.4 75.1 5.3 2.0 5.8 9.3 80.9 97.6 

65 141.7 87.5 5.9 2.0 6.8 10.1 83.4 112.3 

75 172.6 100.0 6.5 2.0 7.8 10.7 85.1 127.1 

85 205.0 112.7 7.1 2.0 8.8 11.3 86.2 141.9 

95 238.9 125.5 7.7 2.0 9.8 11.8 86.8 156.7 

105 274.4 138.5 8.2 2.0 10.8 12.2 87.1 171.7 

115 311.4 151.7 8.8 2.0 11.8 12.5 87.3 186.8 

125 349.9 165.0 9.3 2.0 12.8 12.9 87.4 202.0 

years ft3

/acre ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 26.5 0.8 

5 0 2.7 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.6 26.6 4.7 

15 184 8.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.6 27.3 12.5 

25 483 14.6 1.2 0.8 1.1 2.4 28.5 20.1 

35 835 20.3 1.5 0.8 1.6 2.9 30.0 27.2 

45 1,210 25.4 1.9 0.8 2.0 3.4 31.4 33.4 

55 1,607 30.4 2.1 0.8 2.4 3.8 32.7 39.5 

65 2,025 35.4 2.4 0.8 2.8 4.1 33.7 45.5 

75 2,466 40.5 2.6 0.8 3.1 4.3 34.4 51.4 

85 2,929 45.6 2.9 0.8 3.5 4.6 34.9 57.4 

95 3,414 50.8 3.1 0.8 3.9 4.8 35.1 63.4 

105 3,921 56.0 3.3 0.8 4.4 4.9 35.3 69.5 

115 4,450 61.4 3.5 0.8 4.8 5.1 35.3 75.6 

125 5,001 66.8 3.8 0.8 5.2 5.2 35.4 81.8 

100
B2.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for maple-beech-birch stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 52.2 2.1 

5 0.0 7.4 0.7 2.1 0.5 4.2 52.3 15.0 

15 28.0 31.8 3.2 1.9 2.3 10.8 53.7 50.0 

25 58.1 53.2 5.3 1.8 3.8 15.8 56.0 79.8 

35 89.6 72.8 6.0 1.7 5.2 19.7 58.9 105.4 

45 119.1 87.8 6.6 1.7 6.2 22.7 61.8 125.0 

55 146.6 101.1 7.0 1.7 7.2 25.3 64.4 142.3 

65 172.1 113.1 7.4 1.7 8.0 27.4 66.3 157.5 

75 195.6 123.8 7.7 1.7 8.8 29.1 67.7 171.1 

85 217.1 133.5 7.9 1.7 9.5 30.7 68.6 183.2 

95 236.6 142.1 8.1 1.7 10.1 32.0 69.1 193.9 

105 254.1 149.7 8.3 1.6 10.6 33.1 69.3 203.4 

115 269.7 156.3 8.5 1.6 11.1 34.2 69.5 211.7 

125 283.2 162.1 8.6 1.6 11.5 35.1 69.5 218.8 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 21.1 0.8 

5 0 3.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 1.7 21.2 6.1 

15 400 12.9 1.3 0.8 0.9 4.4 21.7 20.2 

25 830 21.5 2.1 0.7 1.5 6.4 22.7 32.3 

35 1,280 29.5 2.4 0.7 2.1 8.0 23.8 42.7 

45 1,702 35.5 2.7 0.7 2.5 9.2 25.0 50.6 

55 2,095 40.9 2.8 0.7 2.9 10.2 26.0 57.6 

65 2,460 45.8 3.0 0.7 3.2 11.1 26.8 63.7 

75 2,796 50.1 3.1 0.7 3.5 11.8 27.4 69.2 

85 3,103 54.0 3.2 0.7 3.8 12.4 27.8 74.1 

95 3,382 57.5 3.3 0.7 4.1 12.9 28.0 78.5 

105 3,632 60.6 3.4 0.7 4.3 13.4 28.1 82.3 

115 3,854 63.3 3.4 0.7 4.5 13.8 28.1 85.7 

125 4,047 65.6 3.5 0.7 4.6 14.2 28.1 88.6 

101
B3.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 39.8 2.1 

5 0.0 6.9 0.7 2.1 0.5 0.9 39.9 11.0 

15 54.5 43.0 3.6 1.9 2.9 2.5 40.9 54.0 

25 95.7 71.9 4.0 1.9 4.9 3.9 42.7 86.6 

35 135.3 96.2 4.2 1.8 6.6 5.2 44.9 114.0 

45 173.3 118.2 4.5 1.8 8.1 6.3 47.2 138.8 

55 209.6 136.8 4.6 1.8 9.4 7.2 49.1 159.8 

65 244.3 154.3 4.8 1.8 10.6 8.1 50.6 179.5 

75 277.4 170.6 4.9 1.8 11.7 8.9 51.7 197.9 

85 308.9 186.0 5.0 1.8 12.7 9.7 52.3 215.1 

95 338.8 200.4 5.1 1.8 13.7 10.3 52.7 231.3 

105 367.1 213.9 5.1 1.7 14.6 10.9 52.9 246.4 

115 393.7 226.5 5.2 1.7 15.5 11.5 53.0 260.5 

125 418.6 238.2 5.3 1.7 16.3 12.0 53.1 273.6 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 16.1 0.8 

5 0 2.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.4 16.2 4.5 

15 779 17.4 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 16.6 21.8 

25 1,904 29.1 1.6 0.7 2.0 1.6 17.3 35.0 

35 1,934 38.9 1.7 0.7 2.7 2.1 18.2 46.1 

45 2,477 47.8 1.8 0.7 3.3 2.5 19.1 56.2 

55 2,996 55.4 1.9 0.7 3.8 2.9 19.9 64.7 

65 3,492 62.4 1.9 0.7 4.3 3.3 20.5 72.6 

75 3,965 69.1 2.0 0.7 4.7 3.6 20.9 80.1 

85 4,415 75.3 2.0 0.7 5.1 3.9 21.2 87.1 

95 4,842 81.1 2.0 0.7 5.5 4.2 21.3 93.6 

105 5,246 86.6 2.1 0.7 5.9 4.4 21.4 99.7 

115 5,626 91.7 2.1 0.7 6.3 4.7 21.5 105.4 

125 5,983 96.4 2.1 0.7 6.6 4.9 21.5 110.7 

102
B4.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands with afforestation 

of land in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 50.2 4.2 

5 0.0 6.2 0.6 4.2 0.4 3.8 50.3 15.2 

15 36.5 27.0 2.6 3.3 1.7 10.3 51.6 44.9 

25 70.9 48.6 3.2 2.9 3.0 15.6 53.9 73.3 

35 103.1 67.9 3.7 2.6 4.2 19.9 56.6 98.3 

45 133.1 84.7 4.0 2.5 5.2 23.5 59.5 119.8 

55 160.9 99.1 4.2 2.4 6.1 26.6 61.9 138.4 

65 186.7 113.0 4.4 2.3 6.9 29.2 63.8 155.8 

75 210.2 123.6 4.6 2.3 7.6 31.6 65.1 169.5 

85 231.5 133.1 4.7 2.3 8.1 33.6 66.0 181.8 

95 250.8 141.7 4.8 2.2 8.7 35.4 66.4 192.8 

105 267.9 149.2 4.9 2.2 9.1 37.0 66.7 202.4 

115 282.7 155.7 5.0 2.2 9.5 38.4 66.8 210.9 

125 295.4 161.3 5.1 2.2 9.9 39.7 66.9 218.1 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 20.3 1.7 

5 0 2.5 0.3 1.7 0.2 1.6 20.4 6.2 

15 522 10.9 1.1 1.3 0.7 4.2 20.9 18.2 

25 1,013 19.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 6.3 21.8 29.6 

35 1,473 27.5 1.5 1.1 1.7 8.0 22.9 39.8 

45 1,902 34.3 1.6 1.0 2.1 9.5 24.1 48.5 

55 2,300 40.1 1.7 1.0 2.5 10.8 25.1 56.0 

65 2,668 45.7 1.8 0.9 2.8 11.8 25.8 63.1 

75 3,004 50.0 1.8 0.9 3.1 12.8 26.4 68.6 

85 3,309 53.9 1.9 0.9 3.3 13.6 26.7 73.6 

95 3,584 57.3 1.9 0.9 3.5 14.3 26.9 78.0 

105 3,828 60.4 2.0 0.9 3.7 15.0 27.0 81.9 

115 4,040 63.0 2.0 0.9 3.9 15.6 27.0 85.3 

125 4,222 65.3 2.1 0.9 4.0 16.1 27.1 88.3 

103
B5.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for spruce-balsam fir stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 73.5 2.1 

5 0.0 7.0 0.7 1.8 0.6 5.0 73.7 15.1 

15 11.5 20.1 2.0 1.6 1.9 13.0 75.6 38.5 

25 29.1 32.5 3.3 1.5 3.0 19.0 78.9 59.3 

35 51.6 45.7 4.6 1.4 4.2 23.7 83.0 79.7 

45 76.9 57.4 5.7 1.4 5.3 27.5 87.1 97.4 

55 102.6 68.7 6.9 1.4 6.3 30.7 90.7 113.9 

65 126.4 78.6 7.4 1.3 7.3 33.3 93.5 127.9 

75 149.3 87.9 7.6 1.3 8.1 35.5 95.4 140.5 

85 170.9 96.5 7.8 1.3 8.9 37.4 96.6 152.0 

95 191.6 104.5 8.0 1.3 9.6 39.1 97.3 162.5 

105 211.1 111.9 8.2 1.3 10.3 40.6 97.7 172.2 

115 229.6 118.8 8.3 1.3 11.0 41.9 97.9 181.2 

125 247.1 125.3 8.4 1.3 11.6 43.0 97.9 189.6 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre -------------------------------------------

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 29.7 0.9 

5 0 2.8 0.3 0.7 0.3 2.0 29.8 6.1 

15 164 8.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 5.2 30.6 15.6 

25 416 13.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 7.7 31.9 24.0 

35 738 18.5 1.9 0.6 1.7 9.6 33.6 32.2 

45 1,099 23.2 2.3 0.6 2.1 11.1 35.2 39.4 

55 1,466 27.8 2.8 0.6 2.6 12.4 36.7 46.1 

65 1,807 31.8 3.0 0.5 2.9 13.5 37.8 51.8 

75 2,133 35.6 3.1 0.5 3.3 14.4 38.6 56.9 

85 2,443 39.0 3.2 0.5 3.6 15.2 39.1 61.5 

95 2,738 42.3 3.2 0.5 3.9 15.8 39.4 65.8 

105 3,017 45.3 3.3 0.5 4.2 16.4 39.5 69.7 

115 3,281 48.1 3.4 0.5 4.4 16.9 39.6 73.3 

125 3,532 50.7 3.4 0.5 4.7 17.4 39.6 76.7 

104
B6.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for white-red-jack pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 58.6 2.1 

5 0.0 7.3 0.7 2.2 0.4 3.1 58.8 13.8 

15 30.0 28.6 2.9 1.8 1.6 7.1 60.3 41.9 

25 54.4 44.7 3.9 1.8 2.5 9.4 62.9 62.3 

35 77.9 57.7 4.3 1.7 3.2 11.0 66.2 77.9 

45 100.6 69.4 4.6 1.7 3.8 12.2 69.4 91.7 

55 122.5 78.7 4.8 1.6 4.3 13.0 72.3 102.5 

65 142.3 86.8 5.0 1.6 4.8 13.7 74.5 111.9 

75 160.9 94.3 5.2 1.6 5.2 14.2 76.1 120.5 

85 178.4 101.2 5.3 1.6 5.6 14.7 77.0 128.4 

95 194.7 107.6 5.4 1.6 5.9 15.0 77.6 135.6 

105 210.0 113.5 5.5 1.6 6.3 15.4 77.9 142.2 

115 224.1 118.9 5.6 1.6 6.6 15.6 78.0 148.2 

125 237.1 123.8 5.7 1.6 6.8 15.9 78.1 153.8 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 23.7 0.8 

5 0 3.0 0.3 0.9 0.2 1.3 23.8 5.6 

15 429 11.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 2.9 24.4 17.0 

25 777 18.1 1.6 0.7 1.0 3.8 25.5 25.2 

35 1,113 23.3 1.7 0.7 1.3 4.5 26.8 31.5 

45 1,438 28.1 1.9 0.7 1.5 4.9 28.1 37.1 

55 1,751 31.8 2.0 0.7 1.8 5.3 29.3 41.5 

65 2,034 35.1 2.0 0.7 1.9 5.5 30.2 45.3 

75 2,300 38.2 2.1 0.7 2.1 5.8 30.8 48.8 

85 2,550 41.0 2.1 0.6 2.3 5.9 31.2 52.0 

95 2,783 43.5 2.2 0.6 2.4 6.1 31.4 54.9 

105 3,001 45.9 2.2 0.6 2.5 6.2 31.5 57.6 

115 3,202 48.1 2.3 0.6 2.7 6.3 31.6 60.0 

125 3,389 50.1 2.3 0.6 2.8 6.4 31.6 62.2 

105
B7.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for aspen-birch stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Lake States

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 109.6 2.0 

5 0.0 7.3 0.5 2.1 0.6 1.6 109.9 12.1 

15 2.9 13.9 1.4 2.1 1.1 4.0 112.7 22.5 

25 21.5 26.8 2.7 2.1 2.2 5.8 117.6 39.6 

35 47.2 40.8 4.1 2.0 3.3 7.3 123.7 57.4 

45 72.8 53.5 5.3 2.0 4.3 8.4 129.8 73.6 

55 97.1 64.9 6.1 2.0 5.2 9.3 135.2 87.6 

65 119.5 75.0 6.7 2.0 6.1 10.1 139.4 99.8 

75 139.7 83.8 7.1 2.0 6.8 10.7 142.2 110.4 

85 157.5 91.5 7.4 2.0 7.4 11.3 144.1 119.6 

95 173.0 98.0 7.7 2.0 7.9 11.8 145.1 127.4 

105 186.0 103.4 7.9 2.0 8.4 12.2 145.6 133.9 

115 196.4 107.7 8.1 2.0 8.7 12.5 145.9 139.1 

125 204.3 110.9 8.3 2.0 9.0 12.9 146.0 143.0 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 44.3 0.8 

5 0 3.0 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.6 44.5 4.9 

15 42 5.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.6 45.6 9.1 

25 307 10.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 2.4 47.6 16.0 

35 674 16.5 1.6 0.8 1.3 2.9 50.1 23.2 

45 1,041 21.6 2.2 0.8 1.7 3.4 52.5 29.8 

55 1,388 26.2 2.5 0.8 2.1 3.8 54.7 35.4 

65 1,708 30.3 2.7 0.8 2.5 4.1 56.4 40.4 

75 1,996 33.9 2.9 0.8 2.7 4.3 57.6 44.7 

85 2,251 37.0 3.0 0.8 3.0 4.6 58.3 48.4 

95 2,472 39.7 3.1 0.8 3.2 4.8 58.7 51.5 

105 2,658 41.8 3.2 0.8 3.4 4.9 58.9 54.2 

115 2,807 43.6 3.3 0.8 3.5 5.1 59.0 56.3 

125 2,920 44.9 3.3 0.8 3.6 5.2 59.1 57.9 

106
B8.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for elm-ash-cottonwood stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 134.9 2.0 

5 0.0 3.9 0.4 1.9 0.2 4.2 135.4 10.7 

15 2.4 10.3 1.0 1.9 0.6 10.8 138.8 24.7 

25 13.2 20.1 2.0 1.9 1.2 15.8 144.9 41.1 

35 25.2 29.8 3.0 1.9 1.8 19.7 152.4 56.2 

45 37.4 38.7 3.9 1.9 2.4 22.7 159.9 69.7 

55 49.8 47.1 4.7 1.9 2.9 25.3 166.5 81.9 

65 62.3 55.6 5.3 1.9 3.4 27.4 171.6 93.7 

75 74.9 62.8 5.6 1.9 3.9 29.1 175.2 103.4 

85 87.5 69.9 5.8 1.9 4.3 30.7 177.4 112.6 

95 100.1 76.8 6.0 1.9 4.7 32.0 178.7 121.4 

105 112.9 83.6 6.2 1.9 5.1 33.1 179.4 130.0 

115 125.8 90.4 6.4 1.9 5.6 34.2 179.7 138.5 

125 139.2 97.4 6.5 1.9 6.0 35.1 179.8 147.0 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 54.6 0.8 

5 0 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.1 1.7 54.8 4.3 

15 35 4.2 0.4 0.8 0.3 4.4 56.2 10.0 

25 189 8.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 6.4 58.6 16.6 

35 360 12.0 1.2 0.8 0.7 8.0 61.7 22.7 

45 535 15.7 1.6 0.8 1.0 9.2 64.7 28.2 

55 712 19.1 1.9 0.8 1.2 10.2 67.4 33.1 

65 890 22.5 2.2 0.8 1.4 11.1 69.5 37.9 

75 1,070 25.4 2.3 0.8 1.6 11.8 70.9 41.8 

85 1,250 28.3 2.4 0.8 1.7 12.4 71.8 45.6 

95 1,431 31.1 2.4 0.8 1.9 12.9 72.3 49.1 

105 1,613 33.8 2.5 0.8 2.1 13.4 72.6 52.6 

115 1,798 36.6 2.6 0.8 2.2 13.8 72.7 56.0 

125 1,990 39.4 2.7 0.8 2.4 14.2 72.8 59.5 

107
B9.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for maple-beech-birch stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 100.7 2.1 

5 0.0 5.1 0.5 2.0 0.4 4.2 101.0 12.2 

15 4.3 13.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 10.8 103.6 28.3 

25 24.6 30.3 3.0 1.6 2.3 15.8 108.1 53.0 

35 48.1 47.7 4.0 1.5 3.6 19.7 113.7 76.5 

45 72.5 62.9 4.4 1.4 4.8 22.7 119.3 96.2 

55 96.9 77.3 4.7 1.4 5.9 25.3 124.3 114.5 

65 121.3 91.1 4.9 1.4 6.9 27.4 128.1 131.7 

75 145.3 104.4 5.1 1.4 7.9 29.1 130.7 147.9 

85 168.9 117.1 5.3 1.3 8.9 30.7 132.4 163.3 

95 191.9 129.3 5.4 1.3 9.8 32.0 133.4 177.8 

105 214.4 140.9 5.6 1.3 10.7 33.1 133.9 191.6 

115 236.0 151.9 5.7 1.3 11.5 34.2 134.1 204.6 

125 256.9 162.4 5.8 1.3 12.3 35.1 134.2 216.9 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 40.8 0.9 

5 0 2.1 0.2 0.8 0.2 1.7 40.9 4.9 

15 62 5.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 4.4 41.9 11.5 

25 351 12.2 1.2 0.6 0.9 6.4 43.8 21.4 

35 688 19.3 1.6 0.6 1.5 8.0 46.0 31.0 

45 1,036 25.4 1.8 0.6 1.9 9.2 48.3 38.9 

55 1,385 31.3 1.9 0.6 2.4 10.2 50.3 46.3 

65 1,733 36.9 2.0 0.6 2.8 11.1 51.8 53.3 

75 2,076 42.2 2.1 0.6 3.2 11.8 52.9 59.9 

85 2,414 47.4 2.1 0.5 3.6 12.4 53.6 66.1 

95 2,743 52.3 2.2 0.5 4.0 12.9 54.0 72.0 

105 3,064 57.0 2.3 0.5 4.3 13.4 54.2 77.5 

115 3,373 61.5 2.3 0.5 4.7 13.8 54.3 82.8 

125 3,671 65.7 2.3 0.5 5.0 14.2 54.3 87.8 

108
B10.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 72.8 2.1 

5 0.0 6.7 0.7 2.2 0.5 0.9 73.1 11.0 

15 4.1 17.0 1.7 2.0 1.3 2.5 74.9 24.5 

25 21.9 33.6 3.1 1.9 2.6 3.9 78.2 45.0 

35 42.5 50.3 3.6 1.8 3.9 5.2 82.2 64.8 

45 64.9 66.7 3.9 1.8 5.2 6.3 86.3 83.9 

55 88.7 83.6 4.2 1.8 6.5 7.2 89.9 103.3 

65 113.4 99.1 4.5 1.7 7.7 8.1 92.6 121.1 

75 139.0 114.7 4.7 1.7 8.9 8.9 94.5 138.9 

85 165.2 130.3 4.9 1.7 10.1 9.7 95.8 156.7 

95 192.1 146.0 5.1 1.7 11.3 10.3 96.4 174.4 

105 219.2 161.6 5.3 1.7 12.5 10.9 96.8 192.0 

115 246.4 177.0 5.4 1.6 13.7 11.5 97.0 209.2 

125 272.5 191.6 5.5 1.6 14.8 12.0 97.1 225.6 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 29.5 0.8 

5 0 2.7 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.4 29.6 4.4 

15 58 6.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.0 30.3 9.9 

25 313 13.6 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.6 31.6 18.2 

35 608 20.4 1.4 0.7 1.6 2.1 33.3 26.2 

45 928 27.0 1.6 0.7 2.1 2.5 34.9 33.9 

55 1,267 33.8 1.7 0.7 2.6 2.9 36.4 41.8 

65 1,620 40.1 1.8 0.7 3.1 3.3 37.5 49.0 

75 1,986 46.4 1.9 0.7 3.6 3.6 38.3 56.2 

85 2,361 52.7 2.0 0.7 4.1 3.9 38.7 63.4 

95 2,745 59.1 2.1 0.7 4.6 4.2 39.0 70.6 

105 3,133 65.4 2.1 0.7 5.1 4.4 39.2 77.7 

115 3,521 71.6 2.2 0.7 5.5 4.7 39.2 84.7 

125 3,895 77.5 2.2 0.7 6.0 4.9 39.3 91.3 

109
B11.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for spruce-balsam fir stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 196.4 2.1 

5 0.0 3.4 0.3 2.1 0.3 5.0 197.0 11.1 

15 3.0 9.3 0.9 2.6 0.8 13.0 202.0 26.5 

25 23.2 24.3 2.4 1.9 2.1 19.0 210.8 49.7 

35 51.1 41.2 4.1 1.6 3.6 23.7 221.7 74.2 

45 77.2 56.0 5.1 1.5 4.8 27.5 232.7 94.9 

55 100.7 67.4 5.8 1.4 5.8 30.7 242.3 111.1 

65 121.6 77.2 6.4 1.3 6.7 33.3 249.7 124.8 

75 140.2 85.5 6.8 1.3 7.4 35.5 254.9 136.5 

85 156.5 92.8 7.2 1.2 8.0 37.4 258.2 146.6 

95 170.9 99.0 7.5 1.2 8.6 39.1 260.0 155.3 

105 183.5 104.3 7.7 1.2 9.0 40.6 261.0 162.9 

115 194.4 109.0 7.9 1.2 9.4 41.9 261.5 169.3 

125 203.8 112.9 8.1 1.2 9.8 43.0 261.7 174.9 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 79.5 0.9 

5 0 1.4 0.1 0.9 0.1 2.0 79.7 4.5 

15 43 3.7 0.4 1.0 0.3 5.2 81.7 10.7 

25 332 9.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 7.7 85.3 20.1 

35 730 16.7 1.7 0.7 1.4 9.6 89.7 30.0 

45 1,103 22.7 2.1 0.6 2.0 11.1 94.2 38.4 

55 1,439 27.3 2.4 0.6 2.4 12.4 98.0 45.0 

65 1,738 31.2 2.6 0.5 2.7 13.5 101.1 50.5 

75 2,003 34.6 2.7 0.5 3.0 14.4 103.2 55.3 

85 2,237 37.5 2.9 0.5 3.2 15.2 104.5 59.3 

95 2,442 40.1 3.0 0.5 3.5 15.8 105.2 62.9 

105 2,622 42.2 3.1 0.5 3.7 16.4 105.6 65.9 

115 2,778 44.1 3.2 0.5 3.8 16.9 105.8 68.5 

125 2,912 45.7 3.3 0.5 4.0 17.4 105.9 70.8 

110
B12.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for white-red-jack pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Lake States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 90.6 2.0 

5 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.0 0.0 3.1 90.9 5.7 

15 6.6 8.0 0.8 2.0 0.6 7.1 93.2 18.5 

25 48.1 35.4 3.5 2.0 2.5 9.4 97.3 52.9 

35 104.7 62.9 4.9 2.0 4.5 11.0 102.3 85.3 

45 158.9 85.8 5.5 2.0 6.2 12.2 107.4 111.6 

55 209.1 105.3 5.9 2.0 7.6 13.0 111.8 133.8 

65 255.1 122.2 6.2 2.0 8.8 13.7 115.2 152.9 

75 297.4 137.1 6.5 2.0 9.9 14.2 117.6 169.6 

85 336.1 150.3 6.7 2.0 10.8 14.7 119.1 184.4 

95 371.7 162.0 6.9 2.0 11.7 15.0 120.0 197.5 

105 404.2 172.5 7.0 2.0 12.4 15.4 120.5 209.3 

115 434.0 182.0 7.2 2.0 13.1 15.6 120.7 219.8 

125 461.3 190.5 7.3 1.9 13.7 15.9 120.8 229.2 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 36.7 0.8 

5 0 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.3 36.8 2.3 

15 94 3.3 0.3 0.8 0.2 2.9 37.7 7.5 

25 688 14.3 1.4 0.8 1.0 3.8 39.4 21.4 

35 1,496 25.5 2.0 0.8 1.8 4.5 41.4 34.5 

45 2,271 34.7 2.2 0.8 2.5 4.9 43.5 45.2 

55 2,988 42.6 2.4 0.8 3.1 5.3 45.3 54.2 

65 3,646 49.5 2.5 0.8 3.6 5.5 46.6 61.9 

75 4,250 55.5 2.6 0.8 4.0 5.8 47.6 68.6 

85 4,804 60.8 2.7 0.8 4.4 5.9 48.2 74.6 

95 5,312 65.6 2.8 0.8 4.7 6.1 48.6 79.9 

105 5,777 69.8 2.8 0.8 5.0 6.2 48.7 84.7 

115 6,203 73.6 2.9 0.8 5.3 6.3 48.8 88.9 

125 6,593 77.1 2.9 0.8 5.5 6.4 48.9 92.8 

111
B13.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for elm-ash-cottonwood stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 63.6 2.1 

5 0.0 3.9 0.4 2.1 0.3 4.2 63.8 10.8 

15 0.0 8.7 0.9 2.7 0.6 10.8 65.4 23.7 

25 5.8 15.5 1.6 2.4 1.1 15.8 68.3 36.4 

35 21.8 27.7 2.8 2.2 1.9 19.7 71.8 54.3 

45 45.1 43.2 4.3 2.0 3.0 22.7 75.4 75.3 

55 73.0 60.2 5.6 1.9 4.2 25.3 78.5 97.1 

65 104.1 78.9 6.1 1.8 5.5 27.4 80.9 119.7 

75 137.4 96.5 6.5 1.8 6.7 29.1 82.6 140.6 

85 171.9 114.0 6.9 1.7 7.9 30.7 83.6 161.2 

95 206.8 131.3 7.2 1.7 9.1 32.0 84.2 181.3 

105 241.7 148.2 7.5 1.6 10.3 33.1 84.5 200.7 

115 275.8 164.3 7.8 1.6 11.4 34.2 84.7 219.2 

125 308.6 179.6 8.0 1.6 12.4 35.1 84.7 236.6 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 25.7 0.8 

5 0 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.1 1.7 25.8 4.4 

15 0 3.5 0.4 1.1 0.2 4.4 26.5 9.6 

25 83 6.3 0.6 1.0 0.4 6.4 27.6 14.7 

35 312 11.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 8.0 29.1 22.0 

45 644 17.5 1.7 0.8 1.2 9.2 30.5 30.5 

55 1,043 24.3 2.3 0.8 1.7 10.2 31.8 39.3 

65 1,488 31.9 2.5 0.7 2.2 11.1 32.7 48.4 

75 1,964 39.0 2.6 0.7 2.7 11.8 33.4 56.9 

85 2,456 46.1 2.8 0.7 3.2 12.4 33.8 65.2 

95 2,956 53.1 2.9 0.7 3.7 12.9 34.1 73.4 

105 3,454 60.0 3.0 0.7 4.2 13.4 34.2 81.2 

115 3,941 66.5 3.2 0.6 4.6 13.8 34.3 88.7 

125 4,410 72.7 3.2 0.6 5.0 14.2 34.3 95.8 

112
B14.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for maple-beech-birch stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 48.6 2.1 

5 0.0 5.1 0.5 2.2 0.3 4.2 48.8 12.4 

15 0.9 10.5 1.1 1.9 0.7 10.8 50.0 25.0 

25 8.2 18.5 1.8 1.7 1.2 15.8 52.2 39.0 

35 21.4 29.7 3.0 1.6 1.9 19.7 54.9 55.7 

45 38.2 41.3 3.8 1.5 2.6 22.7 57.7 71.9 

55 57.4 53.6 4.2 1.4 3.4 25.3 60.0 87.9 

65 78.6 66.5 4.5 1.3 4.2 27.4 61.9 103.9 

75 101.0 79.6 4.7 1.3 5.1 29.1 63.2 119.8 

85 124.4 92.9 4.9 1.2 5.9 30.7 64.0 135.7 

95 148.6 106.2 5.1 1.2 6.7 32.0 64.4 151.2 

105 173.1 119.4 5.3 1.2 7.6 33.1 64.7 166.6 

115 197.4 132.1 5.5 1.2 8.4 34.2 64.8 181.3 

125 220.5 144.0 5.6 1.1 9.1 35.1 64.8 195.0 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 19.7 0.9 

5 0 2.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.7 19.8 5.0 

15 13 4.3 0.4 0.8 0.3 4.4 20.3 10.1 

25 117 7.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 6.4 21.1 15.8 

35 306 12.0 1.2 0.6 0.8 8.0 22.2 22.6 

45 546 16.7 1.5 0.6 1.1 9.2 23.3 29.1 

55 821 21.7 1.7 0.6 1.4 10.2 24.3 35.6 

65 1,123 26.9 1.8 0.5 1.7 11.1 25.0 42.1 

75 1,443 32.2 1.9 0.5 2.0 11.8 25.6 48.5 

85 1,778 37.6 2.0 0.5 2.4 12.4 25.9 54.9 

95 2,123 43.0 2.1 0.5 2.7 12.9 26.1 61.2 

105 2,474 48.3 2.2 0.5 3.1 13.4 26.2 67.4 

115 2,821 53.5 2.2 0.5 3.4 13.8 26.2 73.4 

125 3,151 58.3 2.3 0.5 3.7 14.2 26.2 78.9 

113
B15.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 34.5 2.1 

5 0.0 6.7 0.6 2.4 0.5 0.9 34.6 11.0 

15 2.1 15.6 1.6 2.1 1.1 2.5 35.4 22.9 

25 13.0 27.5 2.7 2.0 1.9 3.9 37.0 37.9 

35 27.4 40.0 3.2 1.9 2.7 5.2 38.9 53.0 

45 43.0 52.2 3.6 1.8 3.5 6.3 40.8 67.4 

55 59.1 64.3 3.9 1.8 4.3 7.2 42.5 81.5 

65 74.9 74.7 4.1 1.7 5.0 8.1 43.8 93.7 

75 90.2 84.6 4.3 1.7 5.7 8.9 44.7 105.2 

85 104.7 93.7 4.4 1.7 6.3 9.7 45.3 115.8 

95 118.3 102.1 4.5 1.6 6.9 10.3 45.6 125.5 

105 130.8 109.7 4.7 1.6 7.4 10.9 45.8 134.4 

115 142.0 116.5 4.7 1.6 7.9 11.5 45.9 142.3 

125 151.9 122.5 4.8 1.6 8.3 12.0 45.9 149.2 

years ft3

/acre ----------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 13.9 0.8 

5 0 2.7 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.4 14.0 4.5 

15 30 6.3 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.0 14.3 9.3 

25 186 11.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.6 15.0 15.3 

35 391 16.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 2.1 15.7 21.4 

45 615 21.1 1.4 0.7 1.4 2.5 16.5 27.3 

55 844 26.0 1.6 0.7 1.8 2.9 17.2 33.0 

65 1,070 30.2 1.7 0.7 2.0 3.3 17.7 37.9 

75 1,289 34.2 1.7 0.7 2.3 3.6 18.1 42.6 

85 1,497 37.9 1.8 0.7 2.6 3.9 18.3 46.9 

95 1,691 41.3 1.8 0.7 2.8 4.2 18.5 50.8 

105 1,869 44.4 1.9 0.7 3.0 4.4 18.5 54.4 

115 2,030 47.2 1.9 0.7 3.2 4.7 18.6 57.6 

125 2,171 49.6 2.0 0.7 3.3 4.9 18.6 60.4 

114
B16.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Northern Prairie States 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 27.1 4.2 

5 0.0 5.1 0.4 4.2 0.4 3.8 27.2 13.9 

15 4.5 13.8 1.2 4.3 1.0 10.3 27.9 30.6 

25 28.4 29.8 2.6 3.6 2.1 15.6 29.1 53.6 

35 57.9 47.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 19.9 30.6 77.2 

45 86.7 63.3 4.0 3.1 4.4 23.5 32.1 98.2 

55 113.2 77.0 4.4 2.9 5.3 26.6 33.5 116.2 

65 137.1 89.4 4.7 2.9 6.2 29.2 34.5 132.5 

75 158.1 98.9 5.0 2.8 6.8 31.6 35.2 145.1 

85 176.0 106.8 5.2 2.7 7.4 33.6 35.7 155.7 

95 190.8 113.3 5.4 2.7 7.8 35.4 35.9 164.6 

105 202.4 118.3 5.5 2.7 8.2 37.0 36.0 171.7 

115 210.9 121.9 5.6 2.7 8.4 38.4 36.1 177.1 

125 216.1 124.1 5.7 2.7 8.6 39.7 36.1 180.8 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 11.0 1.7 

5 0 2.1 0.2 1.7 0.1 1.6 11.0 5.6 

15 65 5.6 0.5 1.7 0.4 4.2 11.3 12.4 

25 406 12.1 1.0 1.5 0.8 6.3 11.8 21.7 

35 828 19.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 8.0 12.4 31.3 

45 1,239 25.6 1.6 1.2 1.8 9.5 13.0 39.7 

55 1,618 31.2 1.8 1.2 2.2 10.8 13.5 47.0 

65 1,959 36.2 1.9 1.2 2.5 11.8 14.0 53.6 

75 2,259 40.0 2.0 1.1 2.8 12.8 14.2 58.7 

85 2,515 43.2 2.1 1.1 3.0 13.6 14.4 63.0 

95 2,727 45.8 2.2 1.1 3.2 14.3 14.5 66.6 

105 2,893 47.9 2.2 1.1 3.3 15.0 14.6 69.5 

115 3,014 49.3 2.3 1.1 3.4 15.6 14.6 71.7 

125 3,088 50.2 2.3 1.1 3.5 16.1 14.6 73.2 

115
B17.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 71.1 4.6 

5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.4 0.3 5.2 71.3 12.7 

15 3.8 8.7 0.9 4.1 0.9 13.0 73.1 27.5 

25 47.7 38.3 3.8 3.7 3.9 18.6 76.3 68.3 

35 119.0 75.1 7.5 3.6 7.7 22.9 80.2 116.7 

45 184.7 104.0 10.0 3.5 10.7 26.2 84.2 154.3 

55 241.8 127.3 10.9 3.4 13.1 28.9 87.7 183.6 

65 290.9 146.4 11.5 3.4 15.0 31.1 90.4 207.5 

75 332.7 162.2 12.0 3.4 16.6 33.0 92.3 227.2 

85 368.3 175.3 12.4 3.4 18.0 34.5 93.4 243.6 

95 398.6 186.2 12.7 3.4 19.1 35.9 94.1 257.2 

105 424.4 195.4 13.0 3.3 20.0 37.0 94.5 268.7 

115 446.4 203.1 13.2 3.3 20.8 38.0 94.6 278.4 

125 465.2 209.6 13.3 3.3 21.5 39.0 94.7 286.7 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 28.8 1.9 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.8 0.1 2.1 28.9 5.2 

15 54 3.5 0.4 1.7 0.4 5.2 29.6 11.1 

25 682 15.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 7.5 30.9 27.7 

35 1,701 30.4 3.0 1.4 3.1 9.3 32.5 47.2 

45 2,639 42.1 4.1 1.4 4.3 10.6 34.1 62.5 

55 3,456 51.5 4.4 1.4 5.3 11.7 35.5 74.3 

65 4,157 59.3 4.7 1.4 6.1 12.6 36.6 84.0 

75 4,755 65.6 4.9 1.4 6.7 13.3 37.3 91.9 

85 5,264 70.9 5.0 1.4 7.3 14.0 37.8 98.6 

95 5,697 75.4 5.1 1.4 7.7 14.5 38.1 104.1 

105 6,065 79.1 5.2 1.4 8.1 15.0 38.2 108.8 

115 6,379 82.2 5.3 1.4 8.4 15.4 38.3 112.7 

125 6,648 84.8 5.4 1.3 8.7 15.8 38.3 116.0 

116
B18.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands with afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 46.6 4.8 

5 0.0 3.1 0.3 4.1 0.3 5.2 46.8 13.0 

15 0.0 5.8 0.6 3.7 0.6 13.0 47.9 23.7 

25 15.2 15.5 1.6 3.2 1.6 18.6 50.0 40.5 

35 52.1 33.9 3.4 2.8 3.6 22.9 52.6 66.6 

45 97.4 53.0 5.3 2.6 5.6 26.2 55.2 92.7 

55 144.4 71.3 7.1 2.5 7.6 28.9 57.5 117.5 

65 189.7 88.3 8.8 2.4 9.4 31.1 59.3 140.0 

75 231.5 103.3 10.3 2.4 11.0 33.0 60.5 160.0 

85 268.7 116.4 11.6 2.3 12.4 34.5 61.3 177.3 

95 301.0 127.6 12.8 2.3 13.6 35.9 61.7 192.0 

105 328.2 136.9 13.7 2.3 14.5 37.0 62.0 204.4 

115 350.6 144.4 14.4 2.2 15.3 38.0 62.1 214.4 

125 368.3 150.3 15.0 2.2 16.0 39.0 62.1 222.5 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ----------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 18.9 1.9 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.7 0.1 2.1 18.9 5.3 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.5 0.2 5.2 19.4 9.6 

25 217 6.3 0.6 1.3 0.7 7.5 20.3 16.4 

35 745 13.7 1.4 1.1 1.5 9.3 21.3 27.0 

45 1,392 21.4 2.1 1.1 2.3 10.6 22.4 37.5 

55 2,063 28.9 2.9 1.0 3.1 11.7 23.3 47.5 

65 2,711 35.7 3.6 1.0 3.8 12.6 24.0 56.7 

75 3,308 41.8 4.2 1.0 4.4 13.3 24.5 64.7 

85 3,840 47.1 4.7 0.9 5.0 14.0 24.8 71.7 

95 4,302 51.6 5.2 0.9 5.5 14.5 25.0 77.7 

105 4,691 55.4 5.5 0.9 5.9 15.0 25.1 82.7 

115 5,010 58.4 5.8 0.9 6.2 15.4 25.1 86.8 

125 5,264 60.8 6.1 0.9 6.5 15.8 25.1 90.0 

117
B19.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for lodgepole pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 39.0 4.8 

5 0.0 1.9 0.2 4.8 0.2 2.4 39.1 9.5 

15 6.6 8.1 0.8 3.5 0.8 6.4 40.1 19.6 

25 40.8 24.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 9.8 41.9 41.4 

35 81.7 40.1 4.0 2.3 3.7 12.6 44.1 62.8 

45 120.5 54.0 5.4 2.2 5.0 14.9 46.2 81.5 

55 156.3 64.5 6.4 2.1 6.0 17.0 48.1 95.9 

65 189.3 73.6 7.4 2.0 6.9 18.7 49.6 108.5 

75 219.9 81.7 8.2 1.9 7.6 20.3 50.7 119.7 

85 248.0 88.9 8.9 1.9 8.3 21.7 51.3 129.6 

95 274.0 95.4 9.5 1.9 8.9 22.9 51.7 138.5 

105 298.2 101.2 10.1 1.8 9.4 24.0 51.9 146.6 

115 320.5 106.5 10.6 1.8 9.9 25.0 52.0 153.8 

125 341.2 111.4 10.9 1.8 10.4 25.8 52.0 160.3 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 15.8 2.0 

5 0 0.8 0.1 2.0 0.1 1.0 15.8 3.8 

15 95 3.3 0.3 1.4 0.3 2.6 16.2 7.9 

25 583 9.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 4.0 17.0 16.8 

35 1,168 16.2 1.6 0.9 1.5 5.1 17.8 25.4 

45 1,722 21.8 2.2 0.9 2.0 6.0 18.7 33.0 

55 2,234 26.1 2.6 0.8 2.4 6.9 19.5 38.8 

65 2,706 29.8 3.0 0.8 2.8 7.6 20.1 43.9 

75 3,142 33.1 3.3 0.8 3.1 8.2 20.5 48.4 

85 3,544 36.0 3.6 0.8 3.3 8.8 20.8 52.4 

95 3,916 38.6 3.9 0.8 3.6 9.3 20.9 56.1 

105 4,261 41.0 4.1 0.7 3.8 9.7 21.0 59.3 

115 4,580 43.1 4.3 0.7 4.0 10.1 21.0 62.2 

125 4,876 45.1 4.4 0.7 4.2 10.5 21.0 64.9 

118
B20.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for ponderosa pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, East 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live Tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 38.0 4.8 

5 0.0 3.3 0.3 4.6 0.3 2.4 38.1 10.8 

15 4.1 7.9 0.8 3.8 0.8 6.4 39.1 19.7 

25 21.6 17.3 1.7 3.2 1.8 9.8 40.8 33.7 

35 40.8 26.2 2.6 2.9 2.7 12.6 42.9 47.0 

45 61.4 34.9 3.3 2.8 3.6 14.9 45.1 59.4 

55 83.3 43.6 3.7 2.6 4.5 17.0 46.9 71.5 

65 106.0 52.5 4.2 2.5 5.4 18.7 48.4 83.3 

75 129.3 61.3 4.6 2.4 6.3 20.3 49.4 94.9 

85 153.0 70.0 4.9 2.4 7.2 21.7 50.0 106.2 

95 176.8 78.6 5.3 2.3 8.1 22.9 50.3 117.2 

105 200.4 87.0 5.6 2.3 9.0 24.0 50.5 127.7 

115 223.6 95.1 5.9 2.2 9.8 25.0 50.6 137.9 

125 246.0 102.8 6.1 2.2 10.6 25.8 50.7 147.6 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 15.4 1.9 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.0 15.4 4.4 

15 59 3.2 0.3 1.5 0.3 2.6 15.8 8.0 

25 309 7.0 0.7 1.3 0.7 4.0 16.5 13.7 

35 583 10.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 5.1 17.4 19.0 

45 878 14.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 6.0 18.2 24.0 

55 1,190 17.7 1.5 1.1 1.8 6.9 19.0 28.9 

65 1,515 21.2 1.7 1.0 2.2 7.6 19.6 33.7 

75 1,848 24.8 1.8 1.0 2.6 8.2 20.0 38.4 

85 2,187 28.3 2.0 1.0 2.9 8.8 20.2 43.0 

95 2,527 31.8 2.1 0.9 3.3 9.3 20.4 47.4 

105 2,864 35.2 2.3 0.9 3.6 9.7 20.5 51.7 

115 3,195 38.5 2.4 0.9 4.0 10.1 20.5 55.8 

125 3,515 41.6 2.5 0.9 4.3 10.5 20.5 59.7 

119
B21.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for alder-maple stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 86.4 4.7 

5 0.0 8.0 0.8 4.7 0.8 1.8 86.7 16.1 

15 49.5 31.0 3.1 3.7 2.9 4.4 88.9 45.2 

25 229.7 99.4 9.9 2.8 9.4 6.2 92.8 127.8 

35 380.8 153.8 15.4 2.5 14.6 7.6 97.6 193.9 

45 513.7 200.8 20.1 2.4 19.0 8.6 102.4 250.9 

55 633.3 242.5 22.2 2.3 23.0 9.4 106.7 299.4 

65 742.1 280.1 23.9 2.2 26.5 10.1 109.9 342.8 

75 842.1 314.4 25.3 2.2 29.8 10.7 112.2 382.4 

85 934.5 346.0 26.6 2.1 32.8 11.1 113.6 418.6 

95 1,020.3 375.2 27.7 2.1 35.5 11.5 114.5 452.0 

105 1,100.3 402.2 28.7 2.0 38.1 11.9 114.9 483.0 

115 1,175.0 427.4 29.6 2.1 40.5 12.2 115.1 511.8 

125 1,244.9 450.9 30.4 2.3 42.7 12.4 115.2 538.7 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 35.0 1.9 

5 0 3.2 0.3 1.9 0.3 0.7 35.1 6.5 

15 708 12.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.8 36.0 18.3 

25 3,282 40.2 4.0 1.1 3.8 2.5 37.6 51.7 

35 5,442 62.3 6.2 1.0 5.9 3.1 39.5 78.5 

45 7,342 81.3 8.1 1.0 7.7 3.5 41.5 101.5 

55 9,050 98.1 9.0 0.9 9.3 3.8 43.2 121.1 

65 10,605 113.3 9.7 0.9 10.7 4.1 44.5 138.7 

75 12,034 127.2 10.3 0.9 12.1 4.3 45.4 154.7 

85 13,355 140.0 10.8 0.9 13.3 4.5 46.0 169.4 

95 14,582 151.8 11.2 0.8 14.4 4.7 46.3 182.9 

105 15,725 162.8 11.6 0.8 15.4 4.8 46.5 195.4 

115 16,792 173.0 12.0 0.9 16.4 4.9 46.6 207.1 

125 17,791 182.5 12.3 0.9 17.3 5.0 46.6 218.0 

120
B22.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 71.1 4.6 

5 0.0 8.4 0.8 4.5 0.8 3.6 71.3 18.1 

15 37.4 30.3 3.0 3.9 3.0 10.0 73.1 50.3 

25 208.9 107.1 10.7 3.4 10.7 15.4 76.3 147.3 

35 391.8 181.6 17.4 3.2 18.2 20.2 80.2 240.6 

45 554.7 246.1 21.2 3.1 24.6 24.4 84.2 319.4 

55 698.4 302.2 24.1 3.0 30.2 28.0 87.7 387.5 

65 826.0 351.4 26.4 3.0 35.1 31.3 90.4 447.2 

75 939.9 394.9 28.4 2.9 39.5 34.2 92.3 500.0 

85 1,042.1 433.7 30.1 2.9 43.4 36.9 93.4 547.0 

95 1,134.5 468.6 31.6 2.9 46.9 39.3 94.1 589.1 

105 1,218.3 500.1 32.9 2.9 50.0 41.4 94.5 627.2 

115 1,294.7 528.7 34.0 2.9 52.9 43.4 94.6 661.8 

125 1,364.7 554.8 35.0 2.8 55.5 45.3 94.7 693.4 

years ft3

/acre --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 28.8 1.9 

5 0 3.4 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.5 28.9 7.3 

15 535 12.3 1.2 1.6 1.2 4.0 29.6 20.3 

25 2,985 43.3 4.3 1.4 4.3 6.2 30.9 59.6 

35 5,600 73.5 7.1 1.3 7.3 8.2 32.5 97.4 

45 7,927 99.6 8.6 1.3 10.0 9.9 34.1 129.2 

55 9,981 122.3 9.7 1.2 12.2 11.3 35.5 156.8 

65 11,804 142.2 10.7 1.2 14.2 12.7 36.6 181.0 

75 13,432 159.8 11.5 1.2 16.0 13.9 37.3 202.3 

85 14,893 175.5 12.2 1.2 17.6 14.9 37.8 221.3 

95 16,213 189.6 12.8 1.2 19.0 15.9 38.1 238.4 

105 17,411 202.4 13.3 1.2 20.2 16.8 38.2 253.8 

115 18,503 213.9 13.8 1.2 21.4 17.6 38.3 267.8 

125 19,503 224.5 14.2 1.1 22.5 18.3 38.3 280.6 

121
B23.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, West; volumes are for high-productivity sites 

(growth rate greater than 165 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high-intensity management 

(replanting with genetically improved stock, fertilization, and precommercial thinning) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 71.1 4.6 

5 0.0 9.5 0.9 4.4 0.9 3.6 71.3 19.3 

15 19.8 23.4 2.3 4.0 2.3 10.0 73.1 42.0 

25 169.7 84.6 8.5 3.5 8.5 15.4 76.3 120.5 

35 445.7 187.4 10.0 3.2 18.7 20.2 80.2 239.6 

45 718.8 286.2 10.6 3.0 28.6 24.4 84.2 352.8 

55 924.1 359.4 10.9 3.0 35.9 28.0 87.7 437.2 

65 1,086.5 416.7 11.1 2.9 41.7 31.3 90.4 503.6 

75 1,225.8 465.6 11.2 2.9 46.6 34.2 92.3 560.5 

85 1,346.8 507.8 11.3 2.9 50.8 36.9 93.4 609.7 

95 1,452.4 544.6 11.4 2.8 54.5 39.3 94.1 652.5 

105 1,544.4 576.5 11.5 2.9 57.6 41.4 94.5 690.0 

115 1,544.4 576.5 11.5 2.9 57.6 43.4 94.6 692.0 

125 1,544.4 576.5 11.5 2.9 57.6 45.3 94.7 693.8 

years ft3

/acre ---------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 28.8 1.9 

5 0 3.8 0.4 1.8 0.4 1.5 28.9 7.8 

15 283 9.5 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.0 29.6 17.0 

25 2,425 34.2 3.4 1.4 3.4 6.2 30.9 48.8 

35 6,370 75.9 4.1 1.3 7.6 8.2 32.5 97.0 

45 10,272 115.8 4.3 1.2 11.6 9.9 34.1 142.8 

55 13,207 145.4 4.4 1.2 14.5 11.3 35.5 176.9 

65 15,527 168.6 4.5 1.2 16.9 12.7 36.6 203.8 

75 17,518 188.4 4.5 1.2 18.8 13.9 37.3 226.8 

85 19,248 205.5 4.6 1.2 20.6 14.9 37.8 246.7 

95 20,756 220.4 4.6 1.2 22.0 15.9 38.1 264.1 

105 22,072 233.3 4.7 1.2 23.3 16.8 38.2 279.2 

115 22,072 233.3 4.7 1.2 23.3 17.6 38.3 280.0 

125 22,072 233.3 4.7 1.2 23.3 18.3 38.3 280.8 

122
B24.— Regional estimates of timber volume, and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands with afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 46.6 4.8 

5 0.0 3.2 0.3 4.8 0.3 5.5 46.8 14.0 

15 8.2 11.6 1.2 3.9 1.0 13.6 47.9 31.4 

25 62.3 42.5 4.3 3.2 3.8 19.4 50.0 73.2 

35 145.5 84.3 8.4 2.8 7.6 23.8 52.6 126.9 

45 238.7 128.7 12.9 2.6 11.5 27.2 55.2 183.0 

55 333.9 168.2 16.8 2.5 15.1 29.9 57.5 232.5 

65 427.0 205.1 20.5 2.5 18.4 32.1 59.3 278.5 

75 515.8 239.2 23.9 2.4 21.4 33.9 60.5 320.8 

85 599.0 270.3 27.0 2.3 24.2 35.4 61.3 359.3 

95 676.0 298.5 29.8 2.3 26.8 36.8 61.7 394.2 

105 746.6 323.9 32.4 2.3 29.0 37.9 62.0 425.5 

115 810.8 346.7 34.1 2.3 31.1 38.9 62.1 453.0 

125 869.1 367.2 35.1 2.2 32.9 39.8 62.1 477.2 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 18.9 1.9 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.2 18.9 5.7 

15 117 4.7 0.5 1.6 0.4 5.5 19.4 12.7 

25 890 17.2 1.7 1.3 1.5 7.9 20.3 29.6 

35 2,080 34.1 3.4 1.1 3.1 9.6 21.3 51.3 

45 3,412 52.1 5.2 1.1 4.7 11.0 22.4 74.0 

55 4,772 68.1 6.8 1.0 6.1 12.1 23.3 94.1 

65 6,103 83.0 8.3 1.0 7.4 13.0 24.0 112.7 

75 7,371 96.8 9.7 1.0 8.7 13.7 24.5 129.8 

85 8,560 109.4 10.9 0.9 9.8 14.3 24.8 145.4 

95 9,661 120.8 12.1 0.9 10.8 14.9 25.0 159.5 

105 10,670 131.1 13.1 0.9 11.7 15.3 25.1 172.2 

115 11,588 140.3 13.8 0.9 12.6 15.7 25.1 183.3 

125 12,421 148.6 14.2 0.9 13.3 16.1 25.1 193.1 

123
B25.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for hemlock-Sitka spruce stands 

with afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, West 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 87.3 4.7 

5 0.0 5.9 0.6 4.7 0.6 3.6 87.6 15.3 

15 33.7 22.5 2.2 4.1 2.2 10.0 89.8 41.0 

25 184.1 78.0 7.8 3.1 7.7 15.4 93.7 112.1 

35 350.8 139.8 14.0 2.7 13.8 20.2 98.5 190.5 

45 516.7 201.6 20.2 2.5 19.9 24.4 103.4 268.5 

55 678.7 256.6 25.7 2.4 25.3 28.0 107.7 338.0 

65 835.1 309.1 30.9 2.3 30.5 31.3 111.0 404.1 

75 985.6 359.2 35.9 2.2 35.4 34.2 113.3 467.0 

85 1,129.8 406.7 40.1 2.2 40.1 36.9 114.7 526.0 

95 1,267.4 451.8 42.8 2.3 44.5 39.3 115.6 580.7 

105 1,398.3 494.4 45.2 2.5 48.7 41.4 116.0 632.3 

115 1,522.4 534.7 47.4 2.7 52.7 43.4 116.2 680.9 

125 1,639.6 572.6 49.4 2.9 56.4 45.3 116.3 726.6 

years ft3

/acre ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 35.3 1.9 

5 0 2.4 0.2 1.9 0.2 1.5 35.4 6.2 

15 482 9.1 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.0 36.3 16.6 

25 2,631 31.6 3.2 1.3 3.1 6.2 37.9 45.3 

35 5,013 56.6 5.7 1.1 5.6 8.2 39.9 77.1 

45 7,385 81.6 8.2 1.0 8.0 9.9 41.8 108.7 

55 9,699 103.9 10.4 1.0 10.2 11.3 43.6 136.8 

65 11,935 125.1 12.5 0.9 12.3 12.7 44.9 163.6 

75 14,086 145.4 14.5 0.9 14.3 13.9 45.8 189.0 

85 16,146 164.6 16.2 0.9 16.2 14.9 46.4 212.8 

95 18,113 182.8 17.3 0.9 18.0 15.9 46.8 235.0 

105 19,983 200.1 18.3 1.0 19.7 16.8 46.9 255.9 

115 21,757 216.4 19.2 1.1 21.3 17.6 47.0 275.6 

125 23,432 231.7 20.0 1.2 22.8 18.3 47.1 294.0 

124
B26.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for hemlock-Sitka spruce stands 

with afforestation of land in the Pacific Northwest, West; volumes are for high productivity sites 

(growth rate greater than 225 cubic feet wood/acre/year) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 87.3 4.7 

5 0.0 5.9 0.6 4.7 0.6 3.6 87.6 15.3 

15 80.3 36.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 10.0 89.8 57.2 

25 221.7 90.4 9.0 3.0 8.9 15.4 93.7 126.8 

35 413.7 161.0 16.1 2.7 15.9 20.2 98.5 215.8 

45 669.6 253.6 25.4 2.4 25.0 24.4 103.4 330.7 

55 903.9 332.1 33.2 2.3 32.7 28.0 107.7 428.3 

65 1,119.3 403.3 39.9 2.2 39.8 31.3 111.0 516.4 

75 1,318.1 468.3 43.7 2.3 46.2 34.2 113.3 594.8 

85 1,502.0 528.1 47.1 2.6 52.1 36.9 114.7 666.7 

95 1,672.1 583.0 50.0 2.9 57.5 39.3 115.6 732.7 

105 1,829.1 633.5 52.6 3.2 62.5 41.4 116.0 793.1 

115 1,973.0 679.5 54.9 3.4 67.0 43.4 116.2 848.2 

125 2,103.3 721.0 56.9 3.6 71.1 45.3 116.3 897.8 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ---------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 35.3 1.9 

5 0 2.4 0.2 1.9 0.2 1.5 35.4 6.2 

15 1,148 14.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 4.0 36.3 23.2 

25 3,169 36.6 3.7 1.2 3.6 6.2 37.9 51.3 

35 5,912 65.1 6.5 1.1 6.4 8.2 39.9 87.3 

45 9,570 102.6 10.3 1.0 10.1 9.9 41.8 133.8 

55 12,918 134.4 13.4 0.9 13.2 11.3 43.6 173.3 

65 15,996 163.2 16.1 0.9 16.1 12.7 44.9 209.0 

75 18,837 189.5 17.7 0.9 18.7 13.9 45.8 240.7 

85 21,465 213.7 19.0 1.1 21.1 14.9 46.4 269.8 

95 23,896 235.9 20.2 1.2 23.3 15.9 46.8 296.5 

105 26,140 256.4 21.3 1.3 25.3 16.8 46.9 321.0 

115 28,197 275.0 22.2 1.4 27.1 17.6 47.0 343.2 

125 30,059 291.8 23.0 1.5 28.8 18.3 47.1 363.3 

125
B27.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for mixed conifer stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Southwest 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live Tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 37.4 4.8 

5 0.0 4.2 0.3 4.8 0.4 5.2 37.5 14.8 

15 2.0 8.1 0.8 4.8 0.8 13.0 38.4 27.4 

25 11.1 14.6 1.5 6.9 1.5 18.6 40.1 43.0 

35 24.4 22.3 2.2 4.9 2.2 22.9 42.2 54.5 

45 44.5 32.9 3.3 3.6 3.3 26.2 44.3 69.4 

55 71.9 46.5 4.7 2.8 4.7 28.9 46.1 87.5 

65 106.6 62.8 6.3 2.2 6.3 31.1 47.5 108.7 

75 147.9 81.4 8.1 1.8 8.2 33.0 48.5 132.5 

85 195.4 102.0 10.2 1.5 10.2 34.5 49.1 158.5 

95 248.3 124.2 12.4 1.3 12.4 35.9 49.5 186.2 

105 305.6 147.5 14.8 1.1 14.8 37.0 49.7 215.2 

115 366.7 171.8 17.2 1.0 17.2 38.0 49.7 245.2 

125 430.5 196.6 19.7 1.0 19.7 39.0 49.8 275.9 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 15.1 1.9 

5 0 1.7 0.1 1.9 0.2 2.1 15.2 6.0 

15 29 3.3 0.3 1.9 0.3 5.2 15.5 11.1 

25 159 5.9 0.6 2.8 0.6 7.5 16.2 17.4 

35 349 9.0 0.9 2.0 0.9 9.3 17.1 22.1 

45 636 13.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 10.6 17.9 28.1 

55 1,028 18.8 1.9 1.1 1.9 11.7 18.7 35.4 

65 1,523 25.4 2.5 0.9 2.6 12.6 19.2 44.0 

75 2,114 33.0 3.3 0.7 3.3 13.3 19.6 53.6 

85 2,793 41.3 4.1 0.6 4.1 14.0 19.9 64.1 

95 3,548 50.2 5.0 0.5 5.0 14.5 20.0 75.3 

105 4,368 59.7 6.0 0.5 6.0 15.0 20.1 87.1 

115 5,240 69.5 7.0 0.4 7.0 15.4 20.1 99.2 

125 6,152 79.6 8.0 0.4 8.0 15.8 20.1 111.7 

126
B28.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands with afforestation of land in the Pacific Southwest 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live Tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 38.9 4.8 

5 0.0 3.2 0.3 4.8 0.3 5.2 39.1 13.8 

15 2.0 7.9 0.8 4.2 0.9 13.0 40.0 26.7 

25 13.7 17.3 1.7 3.4 1.9 18.6 41.8 43.0 

35 32.4 29.5 3.0 2.9 3.2 22.9 43.9 61.5 

45 58.8 45.2 4.5 2.6 4.9 26.2 46.1 83.5 

55 94.0 63.1 6.3 2.4 6.9 28.9 48.0 107.6 

65 136.7 83.5 8.4 2.2 9.1 31.1 49.5 134.3 

75 185.6 105.7 10.6 2.1 11.5 33.0 50.5 162.7 

85 239.2 128.9 12.9 2.0 14.0 34.5 51.2 192.4 

95 296.6 153.0 15.3 1.9 16.6 35.9 51.5 222.6 

105 356.8 177.4 17.7 1.8 19.3 37.0 51.7 253.3 

115 419.1 202.0 20.2 1.8 22.0 38.0 51.8 284.0 

125 482.7 226.6 22.7 1.7 24.6 39.0 51.9 314.6 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 15.8 1.9 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.1 15.8 5.6 

15 28 3.2 0.3 1.7 0.3 5.2 16.2 10.8 

25 196 7.0 0.7 1.4 0.8 7.5 16.9 17.4 

35 463 11.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 9.3 17.8 24.9 

45 840 18.3 1.8 1.1 2.0 10.6 18.7 33.8 

55 1,343 25.5 2.6 1.0 2.8 11.7 19.4 43.5 

65 1,954 33.8 3.4 0.9 3.7 12.6 20.0 54.3 

75 2,652 42.8 4.3 0.8 4.6 13.3 20.4 65.9 

85 3,419 52.2 5.2 0.8 5.7 14.0 20.7 77.8 

95 4,239 61.9 6.2 0.8 6.7 14.5 20.9 90.1 

105 5,099 71.8 7.2 0.7 7.8 15.0 20.9 102.5 

115 5,989 81.8 8.2 0.7 8.9 15.4 21.0 114.9 

125 6,899 91.7 9.2 0.7 10.0 15.8 21.0 127.3 

127
B29.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for western oak stands with 

afforestation of land in the Pacific Southwest 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3

/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 20.7 4.7 

5 0.0 2.6 0.2 4.6 0.1 3.7 20.8 11.3 

15 0.0 5.7 0.6 4.5 0.2 9.8 21.3 20.8 

25 1.0 8.8 0.9 4.4 0.4 14.4 22.2 28.8 

35 25.9 30.6 3.1 4.2 1.3 18.1 23.4 57.3 

45 76.3 65.1 4.5 4.1 2.7 21.1 24.5 97.5 

55 127.8 98.3 5.4 4.0 4.1 23.6 25.5 135.3 

65 174.4 124.0 6.0 4.0 5.1 25.6 26.3 164.8 

75 215.0 145.3 6.5 4.0 6.0 27.4 26.9 189.2 

85 249.4 162.7 6.8 4.0 6.8 29.0 27.2 209.2 

95 278.4 177.1 7.1 4.0 7.4 30.3 27.4 225.8 

105 302.8 189.0 7.3 3.9 7.8 31.5 27.5 239.6 

115 323.3 198.8 7.4 3.9 8.3 32.6 27.5 251.0 

125 340.6 207.0 7.6 3.9 8.6 33.5 27.6 260.6 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 8.4 1.9 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 0.0 1.5 8.4 4.6 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.8 0.1 3.9 8.6 8.4 

25 15 3.6 0.4 1.8 0.1 5.8 9.0 11.7 

35 370 12.4 1.2 1.7 0.5 7.3 9.5 23.2 

45 1,090 26.3 1.8 1.7 1.1 8.5 9.9 39.4 

55 1,826 39.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 9.5 10.3 54.8 

65 2,493 50.2 2.4 1.6 2.1 10.4 10.6 66.7 

75 3,072 58.8 2.6 1.6 2.4 11.1 10.9 76.6 

85 3,564 65.9 2.8 1.6 2.7 11.7 11.0 84.7 

95 3,979 71.7 2.9 1.6 3.0 12.3 11.1 91.4 

105 4,328 76.5 2.9 1.6 3.2 12.7 11.1 97.0 

115 4,620 80.5 3.0 1.6 3.3 13.2 11.1 101.6 

125 4,868 83.8 3.1 1.6 3.5 13.6 11.2 105.5 

128
B30.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands with 

afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 29.1 4.7 

5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.7 0.2 5.2 29.2 13.0 

15 1.1 6.1 0.6 4.7 0.4 13.0 30.0 24.8 

25 19.7 21.5 2.2 3.4 1.3 18.6 31.3 47.0 

35 57.1 44.3 4.4 2.7 2.8 22.9 32.9 77.0 

45 100.9 66.5 6.7 2.3 4.1 26.2 34.5 105.8 

55 145.9 87.2 8.7 2.1 5.4 28.9 35.9 132.3 

65 189.3 105.9 10.1 1.9 6.6 31.1 37.1 155.6 

75 229.7 122.5 10.7 1.8 7.6 33.0 37.8 175.6 

85 266.3 137.0 11.2 1.8 8.5 34.5 38.3 193.0 

95 298.6 149.4 11.6 1.7 9.3 35.9 38.6 207.9 

105 326.6 159.9 12.0 1.7 9.9 37.0 38.7 220.5 

115 350.1 168.6 12.2 1.6 10.5 38.0 38.8 231.0 

125 369.5 175.7 12.4 1.6 10.9 39.0 38.8 239.6 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 11.8 1.9 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.1 11.8 5.2 

15 16 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.2 5.2 12.1 10.0 

25 281 8.7 0.9 1.4 0.5 7.5 12.7 19.0 

35 816 17.9 1.8 1.1 1.1 9.3 13.3 31.2 

45 1,442 26.9 2.7 0.9 1.7 10.6 14.0 42.8 

55 2,085 35.3 3.5 0.8 2.2 11.7 14.5 53.6 

65 2,705 42.9 4.1 0.8 2.7 12.6 15.0 63.0 

75 3,283 49.6 4.3 0.7 3.1 13.3 15.3 71.1 

85 3,806 55.4 4.5 0.7 3.4 14.0 15.5 78.1 

95 4,268 60.5 4.7 0.7 3.8 14.5 15.6 84.1 

105 4,667 64.7 4.8 0.7 4.0 15.0 15.7 89.2 

115 5,003 68.2 4.9 0.7 4.2 15.4 15.7 93.5 

125 5,280 71.1 5.0 0.7 4.4 15.8 15.7 97.0 

129
B31.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands with afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 33.1 4.7 

5 0.0 3.1 0.3 4.7 0.3 5.2 33.2 13.6 

15 0.0 5.8 0.6 4.7 0.6 13.0 34.0 24.7 

25 18.2 17.0 1.7 3.4 1.7 18.6 35.5 42.4 

35 61.6 38.1 3.8 2.7 3.8 22.9 37.4 71.2 

45 113.8 59.5 5.9 2.3 6.0 26.2 39.2 100.0 

55 167.2 80.0 8.0 2.1 8.0 28.9 40.8 127.0 

65 218.2 98.6 9.9 2.0 9.9 31.1 42.1 151.4 

75 264.6 115.0 11.5 1.9 11.6 33.0 43.0 172.9 

85 305.4 129.1 12.9 1.8 13.0 34.5 43.5 191.3 

95 340.2 140.9 14.1 1.8 14.2 35.9 43.8 206.8 

105 368.8 150.5 15.0 1.7 15.1 37.0 44.0 219.4 

115 391.6 158.0 15.8 1.7 15.9 38.0 44.1 229.4 

125 408.8 163.7 16.4 1.7 16.4 39.0 44.1 237.1 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 13.4 1.9 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.1 13.4 5.5 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.9 0.2 5.2 13.8 10.0 

25 260 6.9 0.7 1.4 0.7 7.5 14.4 17.2 

35 880 15.4 1.5 1.1 1.5 9.3 15.1 28.8 

45 1,626 24.1 2.4 0.9 2.4 10.6 15.9 40.4 

55 2,390 32.4 3.2 0.9 3.3 11.7 16.5 51.4 

65 3,118 39.9 4.0 0.8 4.0 12.6 17.0 61.3 

75 3,782 46.5 4.7 0.8 4.7 13.3 17.4 70.0 

85 4,365 52.2 5.2 0.7 5.2 14.0 17.6 77.4 

95 4,862 57.0 5.7 0.7 5.7 14.5 17.7 83.7 

105 5,271 60.9 6.1 0.7 6.1 15.0 17.8 88.8 

115 5,596 63.9 6.4 0.7 6.4 15.4 17.8 92.8 

125 5,842 66.2 6.6 0.7 6.7 15.8 17.8 95.9 

130
B32.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for lodgepole pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 27.9 4.8 

5 0.0 1.9 0.1 4.8 0.1 2.4 28.0 9.2 

15 0.2 4.1 0.3 4.8 0.2 6.4 28.7 15.9 

25 15.9 14.3 1.4 3.5 0.8 9.8 29.9 29.8 

35 51.6 29.9 3.0 2.4 1.7 12.6 31.5 49.6 

45 94.3 45.8 4.6 1.9 2.7 14.9 33.0 69.9 

55 138.8 59.4 5.9 1.7 3.4 17.0 34.4 87.5 

65 182.1 71.6 7.2 1.5 4.2 18.7 35.5 103.2 

75 223.1 82.5 8.3 1.4 4.8 20.3 36.2 117.3 

85 261.0 92.1 9.2 1.4 5.3 21.7 36.7 129.7 

95 295.3 100.5 10.1 1.3 5.8 22.9 36.9 140.6 

105 325.9 107.8 10.7 1.3 6.3 24.0 37.1 150.0 

115 353.2 114.2 11.1 1.2 6.6 25.0 37.1 158.1 

125 377.3 119.7 11.5 1.2 6.9 25.8 37.2 165.2 

years ft3

/acre ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 11.3 1.9 

5 0 0.8 0.0 1.9 0.0 1.0 11.3 3.7 

15 3 1.7 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.6 11.6 6.4 

25 227 5.8 0.6 1.4 0.3 4.0 12.1 12.1 

35 737 12.1 1.2 1.0 0.7 5.1 12.7 20.1 

45 1,348 18.5 1.9 0.8 1.1 6.0 13.4 28.3 

55 1,983 24.0 2.4 0.7 1.4 6.9 13.9 35.4 

65 2,603 29.0 2.9 0.6 1.7 7.6 14.4 41.8 

75 3,189 33.4 3.3 0.6 1.9 8.2 14.6 47.5 

85 3,730 37.3 3.7 0.6 2.2 8.8 14.8 52.5 

95 4,220 40.7 4.1 0.5 2.4 9.3 14.9 56.9 

105 4,658 43.6 4.3 0.5 2.5 9.7 15.0 60.7 

115 5,048 46.2 4.5 0.5 2.7 10.1 15.0 64.0 

125 5,392 48.4 4.6 0.5 2.8 10.5 15.0 66.8 

131
B33.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for ponderosa pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, North 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 25.7 4.8 

5 0.0 3.3 0.2 4.8 0.3 2.4 25.8 10.9 

15 1.3 6.3 0.6 4.3 0.6 6.4 26.5 18.2 

25 18.6 15.9 1.6 3.2 1.4 9.8 27.6 31.8 

35 51.8 30.9 3.0 2.5 2.7 12.6 29.0 51.6 

45 89.4 46.1 3.9 2.2 4.0 14.9 30.5 71.1 

55 127.1 60.4 4.5 2.0 5.3 17.0 31.7 89.2 

65 162.2 73.3 5.1 1.9 6.4 18.7 32.7 105.4 

75 193.8 84.6 5.5 1.8 7.4 20.3 33.4 119.6 

85 221.0 94.2 5.8 1.7 8.2 21.7 33.8 131.6 

95 243.7 102.0 6.1 1.7 8.9 22.9 34.1 141.6 

105 261.8 108.2 6.3 1.6 9.5 24.0 34.2 149.6 

115 275.6 112.9 6.4 1.6 9.9 25.0 34.3 155.7 

125 285.1 116.1 6.5 1.6 10.1 25.8 34.3 160.2 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 10.4 1.9 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.9 0.1 1.0 10.4 4.4 

15 19 2.6 0.2 1.8 0.2 2.6 10.7 7.4 

25 266 6.4 0.6 1.3 0.6 4.0 11.2 12.9 

35 740 12.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 5.1 11.8 20.9 

45 1,278 18.6 1.6 0.9 1.6 6.0 12.3 28.8 

55 1,816 24.5 1.8 0.8 2.1 6.9 12.8 36.1 

65 2,318 29.7 2.0 0.8 2.6 7.6 13.2 42.7 

75 2,769 34.2 2.2 0.7 3.0 8.2 13.5 48.4 

85 3,159 38.1 2.4 0.7 3.3 8.8 13.7 53.3 

95 3,483 41.3 2.5 0.7 3.6 9.3 13.8 57.3 

105 3,742 43.8 2.5 0.7 3.8 9.7 13.8 60.5 

115 3,938 45.7 2.6 0.6 4.0 10.1 13.9 63.0 

125 4,075 47.0 2.6 0.6 4.1 10.5 13.9 64.8 

132
B34.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for aspen-birch stands with 

afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 44.1 4.7 

5 0.0 3.1 0.3 4.7 0.2 3.7 44.2 12.1 

15 0.0 6.4 0.6 4.7 0.4 9.8 45.4 22.0 

25 6.3 13.9 1.4 4.8 0.9 14.4 47.4 35.3 

35 22.7 25.7 2.6 4.5 1.7 18.1 49.8 52.5 

45 45.0 38.8 3.9 4.3 2.5 21.1 52.3 70.5 

55 70.7 52.3 5.2 4.2 3.4 23.6 54.4 88.6 

65 98.1 64.7 6.5 4.1 4.2 25.6 56.1 105.0 

75 126.5 76.6 7.7 4.0 4.9 27.4 57.3 120.6 

85 155.0 88.0 8.8 3.9 5.7 29.0 58.0 135.3 

95 183.1 98.8 9.9 3.9 6.3 30.3 58.4 149.2 

105 210.5 108.8 10.9 3.8 7.0 31.5 58.6 162.1 

115 236.8 118.3 11.8 3.8 7.6 32.6 58.7 174.0 

125 261.8 127.0 12.4 3.8 8.2 33.5 58.8 184.8 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 17.8 1.9 

5 0 1.2 0.1 1.9 0.1 1.5 17.9 4.9 

15 0 2.6 0.3 1.9 0.2 3.9 18.4 8.9 

25 90 5.6 0.6 1.9 0.4 5.8 19.2 14.3 

35 324 10.4 1.0 1.8 0.7 7.3 20.2 21.3 

45 643 15.7 1.6 1.7 1.0 8.5 21.1 28.5 

55 1,010 21.2 2.1 1.7 1.4 9.5 22.0 35.9 

65 1,402 26.2 2.6 1.6 1.7 10.4 22.7 42.5 

75 1,808 31.0 3.1 1.6 2.0 11.1 23.2 48.8 

85 2,215 35.6 3.6 1.6 2.3 11.7 23.5 54.8 

95 2,617 40.0 4.0 1.6 2.6 12.3 23.6 60.4 

105 3,008 44.0 4.4 1.6 2.8 12.7 23.7 65.6 

115 3,384 47.9 4.8 1.5 3.1 13.2 23.8 70.4 

125 3,741 51.4 5.0 1.5 3.3 13.6 23.8 74.8 

133
B35.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for Douglas-fir stands with 

afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 23.2 4.8 

5 0.0 2.6 0.3 4.8 0.2 5.2 23.3 13.1 

15 1.6 7.2 0.7 4.8 0.6 13.0 23.8 26.3 

25 15.3 19.8 2.0 4.4 1.5 18.6 24.9 46.2 

35 39.1 37.2 3.7 2.0 2.8 22.9 26.2 68.6 

45 66.2 54.6 5.5 1.2 4.2 26.2 27.5 91.7 

55 93.9 71.6 7.2 0.9 5.5 28.9 28.6 114.1 

65 120.8 85.9 8.6 0.7 6.6 31.1 29.5 132.9 

75 146.1 98.8 9.9 0.6 7.6 33.0 30.1 149.8 

85 169.5 110.3 11.0 0.6 8.5 34.5 30.5 164.9 

95 190.7 120.6 12.1 0.6 9.2 35.9 30.7 178.3 

105 209.8 129.5 12.9 0.6 9.9 37.0 30.8 190.0 

115 227.0 137.5 13.3 0.7 10.5 38.0 30.9 200.1 

125 242.3 144.4 13.8 0.7 11.1 39.0 30.9 208.9 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 2.0 

5 0 1.1 0.1 2.0 0.1 2.1 9.4 5.3 

15 23 2.9 0.3 2.0 0.2 5.2 9.7 10.6 

25 219 8.0 0.8 1.8 0.6 7.5 10.1 18.7 

35 559 15.0 1.5 0.8 1.2 9.3 10.6 27.8 

45 946 22.1 2.2 0.5 1.7 10.6 11.1 37.1 

55 1,342 29.0 2.9 0.4 2.2 11.7 11.6 46.2 

65 1,726 34.8 3.5 0.3 2.7 12.6 11.9 53.8 

75 2,088 40.0 4.0 0.2 3.1 13.3 12.2 60.6 

85 2,422 44.7 4.5 0.2 3.4 14.0 12.3 66.7 

95 2,726 48.8 4.9 0.2 3.7 14.5 12.4 72.2 

105 2,999 52.4 5.2 0.3 4.0 15.0 12.5 76.9 

115 3,244 55.6 5.4 0.3 4.3 15.4 12.5 81.0 

125 3,463 58.5 5.6 0.3 4.5 15.8 12.5 84.6 

134
B36.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for fir-spruce-mountain hemlock 

stands with afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 23.6 4.8 

5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 0.1 5.2 23.7 12.1 

15 0.0 4.0 0.4 4.8 0.3 13.0 24.3 22.5 

25 8.5 12.0 1.2 4.3 0.9 18.6 25.3 37.0 

35 27.7 24.4 2.4 2.8 1.9 22.9 26.7 54.5 

45 49.5 36.7 3.7 2.3 2.9 26.2 28.0 71.7 

55 71.9 48.7 4.9 1.9 3.8 28.9 29.1 88.2 

65 94.1 58.6 5.9 1.7 4.6 31.1 30.0 101.9 

75 115.7 67.8 6.8 1.6 5.3 33.0 30.6 114.4 

85 136.5 76.2 7.6 1.5 6.0 34.5 31.0 125.8 

95 156.4 84.0 8.4 1.4 6.6 35.9 31.3 136.3 

105 175.2 91.2 9.1 1.3 7.2 37.0 31.4 145.8 

115 193.0 97.8 9.8 1.3 7.7 38.0 31.4 154.6 

125 209.6 103.8 10.4 1.2 8.2 39.0 31.5 162.6 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 2.0 

5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 0.1 2.1 9.6 4.9 

15 0 1.6 0.2 2.0 0.1 5.2 9.8 9.1 

25 122 4.8 0.5 1.7 0.4 7.5 10.3 15.0 

35 396 9.9 1.0 1.1 0.8 9.3 10.8 22.1 

45 708 14.8 1.5 0.9 1.2 10.6 11.3 29.0 

55 1,028 19.7 2.0 0.8 1.6 11.7 11.8 35.7 

65 1,345 23.7 2.4 0.7 1.9 12.6 12.1 41.2 

75 1,654 27.4 2.7 0.6 2.2 13.3 12.4 46.3 

85 1,951 30.8 3.1 0.6 2.4 14.0 12.6 50.9 

95 2,235 34.0 3.4 0.6 2.7 14.5 12.7 55.1 

105 2,504 36.9 3.7 0.5 2.9 15.0 12.7 59.0 

115 2,758 39.6 4.0 0.5 3.1 15.4 12.7 62.6 

125 2,995 42.0 4.2 0.5 3.3 15.8 12.7 65.8 

135
B37.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for lodgepole pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare ------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 20.2 4.8 

5 0.0 2.1 0.2 4.8 0.2 2.4 20.3 9.7 

15 0.0 4.3 0.4 4.8 0.4 6.4 20.8 16.4 

25 5.0 9.2 0.9 4.8 0.9 9.8 21.7 25.5 

35 18.3 16.9 1.7 3.4 1.7 12.6 22.8 36.2 

45 37.0 25.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 14.9 24.0 48.4 

55 58.5 34.1 3.4 2.0 3.4 17.0 25.0 59.9 

65 81.2 42.0 4.2 1.7 4.1 18.7 25.7 70.8 

75 104.1 49.5 4.9 1.5 4.9 20.3 26.3 81.1 

85 126.7 56.4 5.6 1.4 5.6 21.7 26.6 90.7 

95 148.3 62.8 6.3 1.3 6.2 22.9 26.8 99.4 

105 168.6 68.6 6.9 1.2 6.8 24.0 26.9 107.4 

115 187.3 73.8 7.4 1.1 7.3 25.0 26.9 114.5 

125 204.1 78.3 7.8 1.1 7.7 25.8 27.0 120.8 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 8.2 1.9 

5 0 0.9 0.1 1.9 0.1 1.0 8.2 3.9 

15 0 1.7 0.2 1.9 0.2 2.6 8.4 6.6 

25 71 3.7 0.4 1.9 0.4 4.0 8.8 10.3 

35 262 6.8 0.7 1.4 0.7 5.1 9.2 14.6 

45 529 10.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 9.7 19.6 

55 836 13.8 1.4 0.8 1.4 6.9 10.1 24.2 

65 1,160 17.0 1.7 0.7 1.7 7.6 10.4 28.7 

75 1,488 20.0 2.0 0.6 2.0 8.2 10.6 32.8 

85 1,810 22.8 2.3 0.6 2.2 8.8 10.8 36.7 

95 2,120 25.4 2.5 0.5 2.5 9.3 10.8 40.2 

105 2,410 27.8 2.8 0.5 2.7 9.7 10.9 43.5 

115 2,677 29.8 3.0 0.5 2.9 10.1 10.9 46.3 

125 2,917 31.7 3.2 0.4 3.1 10.5 10.9 48.9 

136
B38.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for ponderosa pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Rocky Mountain, South 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live Tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 18.1 4.8 

5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 0.2 2.4 18.1 9.4 

15 0.0 3.7 0.4 4.8 0.3 6.4 18.6 15.6 

25 4.4 9.4 0.9 4.8 0.8 9.8 19.4 25.7 

35 16.2 18.6 1.9 2.9 1.5 12.6 20.4 37.5 

45 32.2 28.8 2.7 2.1 2.4 14.9 21.4 50.9 

55 50.3 38.2 3.0 1.7 3.1 17.0 22.3 63.1 

65 69.3 47.1 3.3 1.5 3.9 18.7 23.0 74.5 

75 88.4 55.5 3.6 1.3 4.6 20.3 23.5 85.2 

85 107.2 63.2 3.8 1.2 5.2 21.7 23.8 95.1 

95 125.5 70.4 4.0 1.1 5.8 22.9 24.0 104.2 

105 143.0 77.1 4.1 1.0 6.3 24.0 24.0 112.5 

115 159.5 83.2 4.3 1.0 6.8 25.0 24.1 120.2 

125 175.1 88.8 4.4 0.9 7.3 25.8 24.1 127.2 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 2.0 

5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 0.1 1.0 7.3 3.8 

15 0 1.5 0.1 2.0 0.1 2.6 7.5 6.3 

25 63 3.8 0.4 2.0 0.3 4.0 7.9 10.4 

35 231 7.5 0.8 1.2 0.6 5.1 8.3 15.2 

45 460 11.7 1.1 0.9 1.0 6.0 8.7 20.6 

55 719 15.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 6.9 9.0 25.5 

65 990 19.1 1.4 0.6 1.6 7.6 9.3 30.2 

75 1,263 22.4 1.5 0.5 1.8 8.2 9.5 34.5 

85 1,532 25.6 1.5 0.5 2.1 8.8 9.6 38.5 

95 1,793 28.5 1.6 0.4 2.3 9.3 9.7 42.2 

105 2,043 31.2 1.7 0.4 2.6 9.7 9.7 45.5 

115 2,280 33.7 1.7 0.4 2.8 10.1 9.7 48.6 

125 2,503 35.9 1.8 0.4 3.0 10.5 9.8 51.5 

137
B39.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands 

with afforestation of land in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 54.7 4.2 

5 0.0 11.1 0.7 4.0 0.9 3.2 54.9 19.8 

10 19.1 22.6 1.3 3.6 1.8 5.5 55.4 34.8 

15 36.7 31.3 1.6 3.4 2.5 7.3 56.3 46.1 

20 60.4 40.8 1.9 3.2 3.3 8.7 57.4 57.9 

25 85.5 50.3 2.1 3.1 4.1 9.8 58.7 69.4 

30 108.7 58.2 2.3 3.1 4.7 10.7 60.2 79.0 

35 131.2 65.6 2.4 3.0 5.3 11.5 61.8 87.9 

40 152.3 72.5 2.5 3.0 5.9 12.2 63.3 96.1 

45 172.3 78.9 2.7 2.9 6.4 12.7 64.8 103.6 

50 191.4 85.0 2.7 2.9 6.9 13.2 66.2 110.7 

55 208.4 90.3 2.8 2.9 7.3 13.7 67.5 116.9 

60 223.9 95.1 2.9 2.8 7.7 14.1 68.6 122.6 

65 238.4 99.6 2.9 2.8 8.1 14.4 69.6 127.8 

70 252.9 104.0 3.0 2.8 8.4 14.7 70.4 133.0 

75 264.6 107.6 3.0 2.8 8.7 15.0 71.0 137.1 

80 277.1 111.4 3.1 2.8 9.0 15.2 71.5 141.5 

85 289.5 115.1 3.1 2.8 9.3 15.5 71.9 145.8 

90 299.6 118.2 3.2 2.7 9.6 15.7 72.2 149.3 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 22.1 1.7 

5 0 4.5 0.3 1.6 0.4 1.3 22.2 8.0 

10 273 9.2 0.5 1.4 0.7 2.2 22.4 14.1 

15 525 12.7 0.7 1.4 1.0 2.9 22.8 18.7 

20 863 16.5 0.8 1.3 1.3 3.5 23.2 23.4 

25 1,222 20.4 0.9 1.3 1.6 4.0 23.8 28.1 

30 1,554 23.5 0.9 1.2 1.9 4.3 24.4 32.0 

35 1,875 26.6 1.0 1.2 2.2 4.7 25.0 35.6 

40 2,177 29.3 1.0 1.2 2.4 4.9 25.6 38.9 

45 2,462 31.9 1.1 1.2 2.6 5.2 26.2 41.9 

50 2,736 34.4 1.1 1.2 2.8 5.4 26.8 44.8 

55 2,978 36.5 1.1 1.2 3.0 5.5 27.3 47.3 

60 3,200 38.5 1.2 1.1 3.1 5.7 27.8 49.6 

65 3,407 40.3 1.2 1.1 3.3 5.8 28.2 51.7 

70 3,614 42.1 1.2 1.1 3.4 6.0 28.5 53.8 

75 3,782 43.5 1.2 1.1 3.5 6.1 28.7 55.5 

80 3,960 45.1 1.3 1.1 3.7 6.2 28.9 57.3 

85 4,138 46.6 1.3 1.1 3.8 6.3 29.1 59.0 

90 4,281 47.8 1.3 1.1 3.9 6.3 29.2 60.4 

138
B40.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands 

with afforestation of land in the Southeast; volumes are for high productivity sites (growth rate 

greater than 85 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high intensity management (replanting with 

genetically improved stock) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 54.7 4.1 

5 0.0 11.0 0.7 4.0 0.4 3.2 54.9 19.3 

10 47.7 31.9 1.4 3.8 1.2 5.5 55.4 43.8 

15 146.5 67.4 1.9 3.7 2.5 7.3 56.3 82.9 

20 244.8 102.3 2.1 3.7 3.8 8.7 57.4 120.6 

25 315.2 124.2 2.3 3.7 4.7 9.8 58.7 144.6 

30 347.3 134.1 2.4 3.7 5.0 10.7 60.2 155.8 

35 351.5 135.4 2.4 3.7 5.1 11.5 61.8 158.0 

40 355.0 136.5 2.4 3.7 5.1 12.2 63.3 159.8 

45 358.5 137.5 2.4 3.6 5.2 12.7 64.8 161.4 

50 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 13.2 66.2 163.1 

55 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 13.7 67.5 163.5 

60 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 14.1 68.6 163.9 

65 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 14.4 69.6 164.2 

70 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 14.7 70.4 164.5 

75 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 15.0 71.0 164.8 

80 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 15.2 71.5 165.1 

85 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 15.5 71.9 165.3 

90 362.0 138.6 2.4 3.6 5.2 15.7 72.2 165.5 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 22.1 1.7 

5 0 4.5 0.3 1.6 0.2 1.3 22.2 7.8 

10 682 12.9 0.6 1.6 0.5 2.2 22.4 17.7 

15 2,094 27.3 0.8 1.5 1.0 2.9 22.8 33.5 

20 3,498 41.4 0.9 1.5 1.5 3.5 23.2 48.8 

25 4,504 50.3 0.9 1.5 1.9 4.0 23.8 58.5 

30 4,963 54.3 1.0 1.5 2.0 4.3 24.4 63.1 

35 5,024 54.8 1.0 1.5 2.1 4.7 25.0 63.9 

40 5,074 55.2 1.0 1.5 2.1 4.9 25.6 64.7 

45 5,124 55.7 1.0 1.5 2.1 5.2 26.2 65.3 

50 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 5.4 26.8 66.0 

55 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 5.5 27.3 66.2 

60 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 5.7 27.8 66.3 

65 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 5.8 28.2 66.5 

70 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 6.0 28.5 66.6 

75 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 6.1 28.7 66.7 

80 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 6.2 28.9 66.8 

85 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 6.3 29.1 66.9 

90 5,174 56.1 1.0 1.5 2.1 6.3 29.2 67.0 

139
B41.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for longleaf-slash pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 82.5 4.2 

5 0.0 5.3 0.4 4.2 0.4 3.2 82.8 13.6 

10 19.1 14.1 0.9 3.8 1.1 5.5 83.6 25.4 

15 36.7 21.4 1.0 3.6 1.7 7.3 84.9 34.9 

20 60.4 30.4 1.1 3.4 2.5 8.7 86.6 46.0 

25 85.5 39.2 1.1 3.3 3.2 9.8 88.6 56.6 

30 108.7 47.2 1.2 3.2 3.8 10.7 90.9 66.1 

35 131.2 54.8 1.2 3.1 4.4 11.5 93.2 75.1 

40 152.3 61.9 1.3 3.0 5.0 12.2 95.5 83.4 

45 172.3 68.5 1.3 3.0 5.6 12.7 97.8 91.1 

50 191.4 74.8 1.3 2.9 6.1 13.2 99.9 98.4 

55 208.4 80.4 1.3 2.9 6.5 13.7 101.8 104.8 

60 223.9 85.4 1.3 2.9 6.9 14.1 103.5 110.6 

65 238.4 90.1 1.4 2.9 7.3 14.4 105.0 116.1 

70 252.9 94.8 1.4 2.8 7.7 14.7 106.2 121.4 

75 264.6 98.6 1.4 2.8 8.0 15.0 107.1 125.8 

80 277.1 102.6 1.4 2.8 8.3 15.2 107.9 130.3 

85 289.5 106.6 1.4 2.8 8.6 15.5 108.5 134.9 

90 299.6 109.8 1.4 2.8 8.9 15.7 109.0 138.5 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 33.4 1.7 

5 0 2.2 0.2 1.7 0.2 1.3 33.5 5.5 

10 273 5.7 0.3 1.5 0.5 2.2 33.8 10.3 

15 525 8.7 0.4 1.4 0.7 2.9 34.4 14.1 

20 863 12.3 0.4 1.4 1.0 3.5 35.0 18.6 

25 1,222 15.9 0.5 1.3 1.3 4.0 35.9 22.9 

30 1,554 19.1 0.5 1.3 1.5 4.3 36.8 26.7 

35 1,875 22.2 0.5 1.3 1.8 4.7 37.7 30.4 

40 2,177 25.0 0.5 1.2 2.0 4.9 38.7 33.7 

45 2,462 27.7 0.5 1.2 2.2 5.2 39.6 36.9 

50 2,736 30.3 0.5 1.2 2.5 5.4 40.4 39.8 

55 2,978 32.5 0.5 1.2 2.6 5.5 41.2 42.4 

60 3,200 34.6 0.5 1.2 2.8 5.7 41.9 44.8 

65 3,407 36.5 0.6 1.2 3.0 5.8 42.5 47.0 

70 3,614 38.4 0.6 1.1 3.1 6.0 43.0 49.1 

75 3,782 39.9 0.6 1.1 3.2 6.1 43.4 50.9 

80 3,960 41.5 0.6 1.1 3.4 6.2 43.7 52.7 

85 4,138 43.1 0.6 1.1 3.5 6.3 43.9 54.6 

90 4,281 44.4 0.6 1.1 3.6 6.3 44.1 56.1 

140
B42.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for longleaf-slash pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Southeast; volumes are for high productivity sites (growth rate greater 

than 85 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high intensity management (replanting with genetically 

improved stock) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 82.5 4.1 

5 0.0 8.8 0.4 4.0 0.3 3.2 82.8 16.7 

10 47.7 27.2 0.8 3.9 1.0 5.5 83.6 38.4 

15 146.5 60.1 0.8 3.8 2.2 7.3 84.9 74.2 

20 244.8 91.2 0.9 3.7 3.4 8.7 86.6 107.9 

25 315.2 113.5 0.9 3.7 4.2 9.8 88.6 132.1 

30 347.3 122.8 0.9 3.7 4.6 10.7 90.9 142.7 

35 351.5 124.0 0.9 3.7 4.6 11.5 93.2 144.8 

40 355.0 125.0 0.9 3.7 4.7 12.2 95.5 146.5 

45 358.5 126.0 0.9 3.7 4.7 12.7 97.8 148.1 

50 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 13.2 99.9 149.6 

55 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 13.7 101.8 150.1 

60 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 14.1 103.5 150.4 

65 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 14.4 105.0 150.8 

70 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 14.7 106.2 151.1 

75 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 15.0 107.1 151.4 

80 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 15.2 107.9 151.6 

85 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 15.5 108.5 151.9 

90 362.0 127.0 0.9 3.7 4.8 15.7 109.0 152.1 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 33.4 1.7 

5 0 3.6 0.2 1.6 0.1 1.3 33.5 6.8 

10 682 11.0 0.3 1.6 0.4 2.2 33.8 15.5 

15 2,094 24.3 0.3 1.5 0.9 2.9 34.4 30.0 

20 3,498 36.9 0.4 1.5 1.4 3.5 35.0 43.6 

25 4,504 45.9 0.4 1.5 1.7 4.0 35.9 53.5 

30 4,963 49.7 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.3 36.8 57.7 

35 5,024 50.2 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.7 37.7 58.6 

40 5,074 50.6 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.9 38.7 59.3 

45 5,124 51.0 0.4 1.5 1.9 5.2 39.6 59.9 

50 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 5.4 40.4 60.6 

55 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 5.5 41.2 60.7 

60 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 5.7 41.9 60.9 

65 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 5.8 42.5 61.0 

70 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 6.0 43.0 61.1 

75 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 6.1 43.4 61.3 

80 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 6.2 43.7 61.4 

85 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 6.3 43.9 61.5 

90 5,174 51.4 0.4 1.5 1.9 6.3 44.1 61.5 

141
B43.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-gum-cypress stands with 

afforestation of land in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 118.5 1.8 

5 0.0 6.7 0.7 1.9 0.4 1.1 118.9 10.9 

10 9.8 18.8 1.9 1.8 1.2 2.1 120.1 25.8 

15 19.9 28.3 2.4 1.7 1.8 3.0 121.9 37.2 

20 32.7 38.0 2.8 1.7 2.4 3.7 124.4 48.6 

25 45.4 46.8 3.1 1.6 3.0 4.4 127.2 58.9 

30 58.1 54.0 3.4 1.6 3.4 5.0 130.5 67.5 

35 73.4 62.3 3.6 1.6 4.0 5.5 133.8 77.0 

40 92.2 71.9 3.9 1.6 4.6 6.0 137.2 88.0 

45 110.7 80.9 4.2 1.6 5.1 6.4 140.4 98.2 

50 128.1 89.0 4.4 1.5 5.7 6.8 143.5 107.4 

55 146.3 97.3 4.6 1.5 6.2 7.2 146.2 116.7 

60 166.1 105.9 4.7 1.5 6.7 7.5 148.7 126.4 

65 186.4 114.5 4.9 1.5 7.3 7.8 150.7 136.1 

70 205.7 122.5 5.1 1.5 7.8 8.1 152.4 145.0 

75 222.5 129.3 5.2 1.5 8.2 8.4 153.8 152.6 

80 237.9 135.4 5.3 1.5 8.6 8.6 155.0 159.4 

85 257.3 142.9 5.5 1.5 9.1 8.9 155.8 167.8 

90 278.9 151.2 5.6 1.5 9.6 9.1 156.5 177.0 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 48.0 0.7 

5 0 2.7 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.5 48.1 4.4 

10 140 7.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.9 48.6 10.4 

15 284 11.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.2 49.3 15.1 

20 467 15.4 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.5 50.3 19.7 

25 649 18.9 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.8 51.5 23.8 

30 830 21.9 1.4 0.7 1.4 2.0 52.8 27.3 

35 1,049 25.2 1.5 0.6 1.6 2.2 54.2 31.2 

40 1,318 29.1 1.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 55.5 35.6 

45 1,582 32.7 1.7 0.6 2.1 2.6 56.8 39.7 

50 1,830 36.0 1.8 0.6 2.3 2.8 58.1 43.5 

55 2,091 39.4 1.8 0.6 2.5 2.9 59.2 47.2 

60 2,374 42.9 1.9 0.6 2.7 3.1 60.2 51.2 

65 2,664 46.3 2.0 0.6 2.9 3.2 61.0 55.1 

70 2,940 49.6 2.1 0.6 3.2 3.3 61.7 58.7 

75 3,180 52.3 2.1 0.6 3.3 3.4 62.3 61.8 

80 3,400 54.8 2.2 0.6 3.5 3.5 62.7 64.5 

85 3,677 57.8 2.2 0.6 3.7 3.6 63.1 67.9 

90 3,986 61.2 2.3 0.6 3.9 3.7 63.3 71.6 

142
B44.—Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands with 

afforestation of land in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare -------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 33.9 4.2 

5 0.0 8.1 0.8 4.2 0.5 1.1 34.1 14.7 

10 11.7 21.0 2.1 3.8 1.2 2.1 34.4 30.2 

15 21.2 30.3 2.5 3.5 1.8 3.0 34.9 41.0 

20 33.8 40.0 2.8 3.3 2.4 3.7 35.6 52.2 

25 46.6 49.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 4.4 36.4 63.1 

30 60.2 57.5 3.2 3.1 3.4 5.0 37.4 72.3 

35 76.3 66.6 3.4 3.0 4.0 5.5 38.3 82.5 

40 94.3 76.2 3.6 2.9 4.5 6.0 39.3 93.3 

45 114.1 86.4 3.8 2.9 5.1 6.4 40.2 104.6 

50 133.0 95.8 4.0 2.8 5.7 6.8 41.1 115.1 

55 151.4 104.8 4.1 2.8 6.2 7.2 41.9 125.0 

60 168.9 113.0 4.2 2.7 6.7 7.5 42.6 134.2 

65 185.6 120.8 4.3 2.7 7.2 7.8 43.2 142.8 

70 201.5 128.0 4.4 2.7 7.6 8.1 43.7 150.8 

75 215.7 134.4 4.5 2.6 8.0 8.4 44.1 157.9 

80 229.4 140.5 4.6 2.6 8.3 8.6 44.4 164.6 

85 242.5 146.2 4.6 2.6 8.7 8.9 44.6 171.0 

90 254.1 151.3 4.7 2.6 9.0 9.1 44.8 176.6 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 13.7 1.7 

5 0 3.3 0.3 1.7 0.2 0.5 13.8 6.0 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.9 13.9 12.2 

15 303 12.3 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.2 14.1 16.6 

20 483 16.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.5 14.4 21.1 

25 666 20.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.8 14.7 25.5 

30 860 23.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.0 15.1 29.3 

35 1,091 26.9 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.2 15.5 33.4 

40 1,348 30.8 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.4 15.9 37.8 

45 1,630 35.0 1.5 1.2 2.1 2.6 16.3 42.4 

50 1,901 38.8 1.6 1.1 2.3 2.8 16.6 46.6 

55 2,164 42.4 1.7 1.1 2.5 2.9 16.9 50.6 

60 2,414 45.7 1.7 1.1 2.7 3.1 17.2 54.3 

65 2,652 48.9 1.7 1.1 2.9 3.2 17.5 57.8 

70 2,880 51.8 1.8 1.1 3.1 3.3 17.7 61.0 

75 3,082 54.4 1.8 1.1 3.2 3.4 17.8 63.9 

80 3,278 56.8 1.8 1.1 3.4 3.5 18.0 66.6 

85 3,465 59.2 1.9 1.0 3.5 3.6 18.1 69.2 

90 3,632 61.2 1.9 1.0 3.6 3.7 18.1 71.5 

143
B45.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the Southeast 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 46.1 4.2 

5 0.0 7.4 0.6 4.1 0.5 3.1 46.2 15.6 

10 13.6 19.6 1.2 3.6 1.2 5.1 46.7 30.8 

15 27.8 29.3 1.6 3.5 1.9 6.6 47.4 42.8 

20 43.9 39.0 1.9 3.4 2.5 7.7 48.3 54.5 

25 59.3 46.8 2.1 3.3 3.0 8.5 49.5 63.7 

30 77.2 55.4 2.3 3.2 3.5 9.2 50.7 73.7 

35 96.8 64.4 2.5 3.2 4.1 9.8 52.0 83.9 

40 117.2 73.4 2.7 3.1 4.7 10.2 53.3 94.1 

45 136.4 81.6 2.8 3.1 5.2 10.6 54.6 103.3 

50 154.1 88.9 2.9 3.1 5.6 11.0 55.8 111.5 

55 171.4 96.0 3.0 3.0 6.1 11.3 56.8 119.4 

60 189.6 103.2 3.1 3.0 6.6 11.5 57.8 127.4 

65 204.5 109.1 3.2 3.0 6.9 11.8 58.6 134.0 

70 218.8 114.6 3.3 3.0 7.3 12.0 59.2 140.1 

75 234.5 120.6 3.4 2.9 7.7 12.1 59.8 146.7 

80 247.6 125.5 3.5 2.9 8.0 12.3 60.2 152.2 

85 259.4 129.9 3.5 2.9 8.2 12.5 60.6 157.1 

90 272.3 134.7 3.6 2.9 8.5 12.6 60.8 162.3 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 18.6 1.7 

5 0 3.0 0.3 1.7 0.2 1.2 18.7 6.3 

10 195 7.9 0.5 1.5 0.5 2.1 18.9 12.5 

15 397 11.9 0.6 1.4 0.8 2.7 19.2 17.3 

20 628 15.8 0.8 1.4 1.0 3.1 19.6 22.0 

25 848 19.0 0.8 1.3 1.2 3.5 20.0 25.8 

30 1,104 22.4 0.9 1.3 1.4 3.7 20.5 29.8 

35 1,384 26.1 1.0 1.3 1.7 4.0 21.0 34.0 

40 1,675 29.7 1.1 1.3 1.9 4.1 21.6 38.1 

45 1,950 33.0 1.1 1.2 2.1 4.3 22.1 41.8 

50 2,202 36.0 1.2 1.2 2.3 4.4 22.6 45.1 

55 2,450 38.8 1.2 1.2 2.5 4.6 23.0 48.3 

60 2,710 41.8 1.3 1.2 2.7 4.7 23.4 51.6 

65 2,923 44.1 1.3 1.2 2.8 4.8 23.7 54.2 

70 3,127 46.4 1.3 1.2 2.9 4.8 24.0 56.7 

75 3,352 48.8 1.4 1.2 3.1 4.9 24.2 59.4 

80 3,539 50.8 1.4 1.2 3.2 5.0 24.4 61.6 

85 3,707 52.6 1.4 1.2 3.3 5.0 24.5 63.6 

90 3,891 54.5 1.4 1.2 3.5 5.1 24.6 65.7 

144
B46.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for elm-ash-cottonwood stands with 

afforestation of land in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 37.4 4.2 

5 0.0 8.6 0.9 4.9 0.6 1.1 37.5 16.0 

10 11.7 18.3 1.8 4.1 1.2 2.1 37.9 27.6 

15 21.2 27.0 2.7 3.7 1.8 3.0 38.5 38.2 

20 33.8 36.3 3.3 3.5 2.4 3.7 39.2 49.1 

25 46.6 45.1 3.6 3.3 3.0 4.4 40.2 59.4 

30 60.2 53.8 3.8 3.2 3.6 5.0 41.2 69.4 

35 76.3 63.3 4.1 3.1 4.2 5.5 42.2 80.2 

40 94.3 73.3 4.4 2.9 4.9 6.0 43.3 91.5 

45 114.1 83.8 4.6 2.9 5.6 6.4 44.3 103.3 

50 133.0 95.1 4.8 2.8 6.3 6.8 45.3 115.9 

55 151.4 104.2 5.0 2.7 6.9 7.2 46.2 126.0 

60 168.9 112.7 5.1 2.7 7.5 7.5 46.9 135.5 

65 185.6 120.7 5.3 2.6 8.0 7.8 47.6 144.5 

70 201.5 128.4 5.4 2.6 8.5 8.1 48.1 153.0 

75 215.7 135.1 5.5 2.6 9.0 8.4 48.6 160.6 

80 229.4 141.6 5.6 2.5 9.4 8.6 48.9 167.8 

85 242.5 147.8 5.7 2.5 9.8 8.9 49.2 174.7 

90 254.1 153.4 5.8 2.5 10.2 9.1 49.4 180.9 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 15.1 1.7 

5 0 3.5 0.3 2.0 0.2 0.5 15.2 6.5 

10 167 7.4 0.7 1.7 0.5 0.9 15.3 11.2 

15 303 10.9 1.1 1.5 0.7 1.2 15.6 15.5 

20 483 14.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.5 15.9 19.9 

25 666 18.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.8 16.3 24.0 

30 860 21.8 1.6 1.3 1.4 2.0 16.7 28.1 

35 1,091 25.6 1.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 17.1 32.4 

40 1,348 29.7 1.8 1.2 2.0 2.4 17.5 37.0 

45 1,630 33.9 1.9 1.2 2.3 2.6 17.9 41.8 

50 1,901 38.5 1.9 1.1 2.6 2.8 18.3 46.9 

55 2,164 42.2 2.0 1.1 2.8 2.9 18.7 51.0 

60 2,414 45.6 2.1 1.1 3.0 3.1 19.0 54.8 

65 2,652 48.9 2.1 1.1 3.2 3.2 19.3 58.5 

70 2,880 52.0 2.2 1.0 3.5 3.3 19.5 61.9 

75 3,082 54.7 2.2 1.0 3.6 3.4 19.7 65.0 

80 3,278 57.3 2.3 1.0 3.8 3.5 19.8 67.9 

85 3,465 59.8 2.3 1.0 4.0 3.6 19.9 70.7 

90 3,632 62.1 2.3 1.0 4.1 3.7 20.0 73.2 

145
B47.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands 

with afforestation of land in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 31.4 4.2 

5 0.0 10.8 0.7 4.7 0.7 3.2 31.5 20.1 

10 19.1 23.1 1.3 3.9 1.6 5.5 31.8 35.4 

15 36.7 32.4 1.6 3.5 2.2 7.3 32.3 47.0 

20 60.4 42.2 1.8 3.3 2.9 8.7 33.0 58.9 

25 85.5 52.0 2.0 3.1 3.6 9.8 33.7 70.5 

30 108.7 59.6 2.1 3.0 4.1 10.7 34.6 79.5 

35 131.2 66.6 2.3 2.9 4.6 11.5 35.5 87.8 

40 152.3 73.1 2.3 2.9 5.0 12.2 36.4 95.4 

45 172.3 79.0 2.4 2.8 5.4 12.7 37.2 102.4 

50 191.4 84.7 2.5 2.8 5.8 13.2 38.0 108.9 

55 208.4 89.6 2.6 2.7 6.1 13.7 38.8 114.6 

60 223.9 94.0 2.6 2.7 6.4 14.1 39.4 119.8 

65 238.4 98.1 2.7 2.6 6.7 14.4 40.0 124.5 

70 252.9 102.2 2.7 2.6 7.0 14.7 40.4 129.2 

75 264.6 105.5 2.7 2.6 7.2 15.0 40.8 133.0 

80 277.1 108.9 2.8 2.6 7.4 15.2 41.1 136.9 

85 289.5 112.3 2.8 2.6 7.7 15.5 41.3 140.8 

90 299.6 115.1 2.8 2.5 7.9 15.7 41.5 144.0 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 12.7 1.7 

5 0 4.4 0.3 1.9 0.3 1.3 12.8 8.1 

10 273 9.4 0.5 1.6 0.6 2.2 12.9 14.3 

15 525 13.1 0.6 1.4 0.9 2.9 13.1 19.0 

20 863 17.1 0.7 1.3 1.2 3.5 13.3 23.8 

25 1,222 21.1 0.8 1.3 1.4 4.0 13.7 28.5 

30 1,554 24.1 0.9 1.2 1.6 4.3 14.0 32.2 

35 1,875 27.0 0.9 1.2 1.8 4.7 14.4 35.5 

40 2,177 29.6 0.9 1.2 2.0 4.9 14.7 38.6 

45 2,462 32.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 5.2 15.1 41.4 

50 2,736 34.3 1.0 1.1 2.3 5.4 15.4 44.1 

55 2,978 36.3 1.0 1.1 2.5 5.5 15.7 46.4 

60 3,200 38.1 1.1 1.1 2.6 5.7 16.0 48.5 

65 3,407 39.7 1.1 1.1 2.7 5.8 16.2 50.4 

70 3,614 41.4 1.1 1.1 2.8 6.0 16.4 52.3 

75 3,782 42.7 1.1 1.1 2.9 6.1 16.5 53.8 

80 3,960 44.1 1.1 1.0 3.0 6.2 16.6 55.4 

85 4,138 45.5 1.1 1.0 3.1 6.3 16.7 57.0 

90 4,281 46.6 1.1 1.0 3.2 6.3 16.8 58.3 

146
B48.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for loblolly-shortleaf pine stands 

with afforestation of land in the South Central; volumes are for high-productivity sites (growth rate 

greater than 120 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high-intensity management (replanting with 

genetically improved stock) 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 31.4 4.1 

5 0.0 10.8 0.4 4.1 0.4 3.2 31.5 18.9 

10 47.7 34.2 0.9 3.9 1.3 5.5 31.8 45.7 

15 146.5 68.7 1.0 3.8 2.7 7.3 32.3 83.4 

20 244.8 99.2 1.1 3.7 3.8 8.7 33.0 116.5 

25 315.2 118.3 1.1 3.7 4.6 9.8 33.7 137.6 

30 347.3 126.8 1.1 3.7 4.9 10.7 34.6 147.3 

35 351.5 127.9 1.1 3.7 5.0 11.5 35.5 149.2 

40 355.0 128.8 1.1 3.7 5.0 12.2 36.4 150.8 

45 358.5 129.8 1.1 3.7 5.0 12.7 37.2 152.4 

50 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 13.2 38.0 153.8 

55 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 13.7 38.8 154.2 

60 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 14.1 39.4 154.6 

65 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 14.4 40.0 155.0 

70 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 14.7 40.4 155.3 

75 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 15.0 40.8 155.6 

80 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 15.2 41.1 155.8 

85 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 15.5 41.3 156.0 

90 362.0 130.7 1.1 3.7 5.1 15.7 41.5 156.2 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 12.7 1.7 

5 0 4.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 1.3 12.8 7.6 

10 682 13.8 0.3 1.6 0.5 2.2 12.9 18.5 

15 2,094 27.8 0.4 1.5 1.1 2.9 13.1 33.8 

20 3,498 40.1 0.4 1.5 1.6 3.5 13.3 47.1 

25 4,504 47.9 0.4 1.5 1.9 4.0 13.7 55.7 

30 4,963 51.3 0.5 1.5 2.0 4.3 14.0 59.6 

35 5,024 51.8 0.5 1.5 2.0 4.7 14.4 60.4 

40 5,074 52.1 0.5 1.5 2.0 4.9 14.7 61.0 

45 5,124 52.5 0.5 1.5 2.0 5.2 15.1 61.7 

50 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 5.4 15.4 62.2 

55 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 5.5 15.7 62.4 

60 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 5.7 16.0 62.6 

65 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 5.8 16.2 62.7 

70 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 6.0 16.4 62.8 

75 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 6.1 16.5 63.0 

80 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 6.2 16.6 63.1 

85 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 6.3 16.7 63.1 

90 5,174 52.9 0.5 1.5 2.0 6.3 16.8 63.2 

147
B49.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-gum-cypress stands with 

afforestation of land in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 39.6 1.8 

5 0.0 5.4 0.5 2.1 0.3 1.1 39.7 9.5 

10 9.8 17.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 2.1 40.1 24.7 

15 19.9 28.4 2.8 1.7 1.8 3.0 40.7 37.8 

20 32.7 39.3 3.2 1.7 2.5 3.7 41.5 50.4 

25 45.4 48.8 3.4 1.6 3.1 4.4 42.5 61.3 

30 58.1 57.2 3.5 1.6 3.6 5.0 43.6 70.9 

35 73.4 66.9 3.6 1.6 4.2 5.5 44.7 81.8 

40 92.2 76.9 3.7 1.6 4.9 6.0 45.8 93.0 

45 110.7 86.1 3.7 1.5 5.4 6.4 46.9 103.3 

50 128.1 94.4 3.8 1.5 6.0 6.8 47.9 112.6 

55 146.3 102.8 3.9 1.5 6.5 7.2 48.8 121.9 

60 166.1 111.6 3.9 1.5 7.0 7.5 49.7 131.6 

65 186.4 120.3 4.0 1.5 7.6 7.8 50.3 141.2 

70 205.7 128.3 4.0 1.5 8.1 8.1 50.9 150.0 

75 222.5 135.1 4.1 1.5 8.5 8.4 51.4 157.6 

80 237.9 141.2 4.1 1.5 8.9 8.6 51.8 164.4 

85 257.3 148.8 4.1 1.5 9.4 8.9 52.0 172.6 

90 278.9 157.0 4.2 1.4 9.9 9.1 52.3 181.6 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 16.0 0.7 

5 0 2.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.5 16.1 3.9 

10 140 7.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.9 16.2 10.0 

15 284 11.5 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.2 16.5 15.3 

20 467 15.9 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.5 16.8 20.4 

25 649 19.7 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.8 17.2 24.8 

30 830 23.1 1.4 0.7 1.5 2.0 17.6 28.7 

35 1,049 27.1 1.4 0.6 1.7 2.2 18.1 33.1 

40 1,318 31.1 1.5 0.6 2.0 2.4 18.5 37.6 

45 1,582 34.9 1.5 0.6 2.2 2.6 19.0 41.8 

50 1,830 38.2 1.5 0.6 2.4 2.8 19.4 45.6 

55 2,091 41.6 1.6 0.6 2.6 2.9 19.8 49.3 

60 2,374 45.2 1.6 0.6 2.9 3.1 20.1 53.3 

65 2,664 48.7 1.6 0.6 3.1 3.2 20.4 57.1 

70 2,940 51.9 1.6 0.6 3.3 3.3 20.6 60.7 

75 3,180 54.7 1.6 0.6 3.5 3.4 20.8 63.8 

80 3,400 57.2 1.7 0.6 3.6 3.5 20.9 66.5 

85 3,677 60.2 1.7 0.6 3.8 3.6 21.1 69.9 

90 3,986 63.5 1.7 0.6 4.0 3.7 21.1 73.5 

148
B50.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-hickory stands with 

afforestation of land in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 29.0 4.2 

5 0.0 9.7 0.9 4.7 0.6 1.1 29.1 17.1 

10 11.7 20.9 1.9 4.0 1.4 2.1 29.4 30.3 

15 21.2 30.1 2.1 3.6 2.0 3.0 29.8 40.8 

20 33.8 39.5 2.3 3.4 2.6 3.7 30.4 51.6 

25 46.6 48.2 2.4 3.3 3.2 4.4 31.1 61.5 

30 60.2 56.6 2.6 3.1 3.8 5.0 31.9 71.0 

35 76.3 65.6 2.7 3.0 4.4 5.5 32.7 81.2 

40 94.3 76.2 2.8 2.9 5.1 6.0 33.5 92.9 

45 114.1 85.7 2.9 2.8 5.7 6.4 34.3 103.6 

50 133.0 94.7 3.0 2.8 6.3 6.8 35.1 113.6 

55 151.4 103.3 3.0 2.7 6.9 7.2 35.8 123.1 

60 168.9 111.3 3.1 2.7 7.4 7.5 36.4 132.0 

65 185.6 118.8 3.2 2.6 7.9 7.8 36.9 140.4 

70 201.5 126.0 3.2 2.6 8.4 8.1 37.3 148.3 

75 215.7 132.3 3.2 2.6 8.8 8.4 37.6 155.3 

80 229.4 138.3 3.3 2.5 9.2 8.6 37.9 162.0 

85 242.5 144.0 3.3 2.5 9.6 8.9 38.1 168.3 

90 254.1 149.1 3.3 2.5 9.9 9.1 38.3 174.0 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 11.7 1.7 

5 0 3.9 0.4 1.9 0.3 0.5 11.8 6.9 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.6 0.6 0.9 11.9 12.2 

15 303 12.2 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.2 12.1 16.5 

20 483 16.0 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.5 12.3 20.9 

25 666 19.5 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 12.6 24.9 

30 860 22.9 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.0 12.9 28.7 

35 1,091 26.6 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.2 13.2 32.9 

40 1,348 30.8 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.4 13.6 37.6 

45 1,630 34.7 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.6 13.9 41.9 

50 1,901 38.3 1.2 1.1 2.5 2.8 14.2 46.0 

55 2,164 41.8 1.2 1.1 2.8 2.9 14.5 49.8 

60 2,414 45.0 1.3 1.1 3.0 3.1 14.7 53.4 

65 2,652 48.1 1.3 1.1 3.2 3.2 14.9 56.8 

70 2,880 51.0 1.3 1.1 3.4 3.3 15.1 60.0 

75 3,082 53.5 1.3 1.0 3.6 3.4 15.2 62.8 

80 3,278 56.0 1.3 1.0 3.7 3.5 15.3 65.5 

85 3,465 58.3 1.3 1.0 3.9 3.6 15.4 68.1 

90 3,632 60.3 1.4 1.0 4.0 3.7 15.5 70.4 

149
B51.— Regional estimates of timber volume and carbon stocks for oak-pine stands with 

afforestation of land in the South Central 

Mean carbon density 

Age Mean 

volume 

Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Total 

nonsoil 

years m3/hectare --------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------ 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 31.3 4.2 

5 0.0 8.7 0.7 4.4 0.6 3.1 31.4 17.5 

10 13.6 21.4 1.4 3.7 1.5 5.1 31.7 33.1 

15 27.8 31.9 1.7 3.5 2.3 6.6 32.2 46.0 

20 43.9 41.8 2.0 3.3 3.0 7.7 32.8 57.8 

25 59.3 50.9 2.2 3.2 3.7 8.5 33.6 68.5 

30 77.2 59.2 2.5 3.1 4.3 9.2 34.4 78.2 

35 96.8 67.9 2.6 3.0 4.9 9.8 35.3 88.2 

40 117.2 76.5 2.8 2.9 5.5 10.2 36.2 98.1 

45 136.4 84.4 3.0 2.9 6.1 10.6 37.0 107.0 

50 154.1 91.4 3.1 2.8 6.6 11.0 37.9 115.0 

55 171.4 98.2 3.2 2.8 7.1 11.3 38.6 122.6 

60 189.6 105.2 3.3 2.8 7.6 11.5 39.2 130.4 

65 204.5 110.7 3.4 2.7 8.0 11.8 39.8 136.7 

70 218.8 116.0 3.5 2.7 8.4 12.0 40.2 142.6 

75 234.5 121.8 3.6 2.7 8.8 12.1 40.6 149.0 

80 247.6 126.5 3.6 2.7 9.2 12.3 40.9 154.2 

85 259.4 130.7 3.7 2.7 9.5 12.5 41.1 158.9 

90 272.3 135.2 3.8 2.6 9.8 12.6 41.3 164.0 

years ft3

/acre -------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 12.7 1.7 

5 0 3.5 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.2 12.7 7.1 

10 195 8.6 0.6 1.5 0.6 2.1 12.8 13.4 

15 397 12.9 0.7 1.4 0.9 2.7 13.0 18.6 

20 628 16.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 3.1 13.3 23.4 

25 848 20.6 0.9 1.3 1.5 3.5 13.6 27.7 

30 1,104 24.0 1.0 1.2 1.7 3.7 13.9 31.7 

35 1,384 27.5 1.1 1.2 2.0 4.0 14.3 35.7 

40 1,675 31.0 1.1 1.2 2.2 4.1 14.6 39.7 

45 1,950 34.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 4.3 15.0 43.3 

50 2,202 37.0 1.3 1.2 2.7 4.4 15.3 46.5 

55 2,450 39.7 1.3 1.1 2.9 4.6 15.6 49.6 

60 2,710 42.6 1.3 1.1 3.1 4.7 15.9 52.8 

65 2,923 44.8 1.4 1.1 3.2 4.8 16.1 55.3 

70 3,127 47.0 1.4 1.1 3.4 4.8 16.3 57.7 

75 3,352 49.3 1.4 1.1 3.6 4.9 16.4 60.3 

80 3,539 51.2 1.5 1.1 3.7 5.0 16.5 62.4 

85 3,707 52.9 1.5 1.1 3.8 5.0 16.6 64.3 

90 3,891 54.7 1.5 1.1 4.0 5.1 16.7 66.4 

150
APPENDIX C 

Scenarios of Harvest and Carbon Accumulation in Harvested Wood Products3,4

Carbon Stocks on Forest Land and in Harvested Wood Products After Clearcut Harvest 

C1. Maple-beech-birch, Northeast 

C2. Oak-hickory, Northeast 

C3. Spruce-balsam fir, Northeast 

C4. Aspen-birch, Northern Lake States 

C5. Maple-beech-birch, Northern Lake 

States 

C6. White-red-jack pine, Northern Lake 

States 

C7. Elm-ash-cottonwood, Northern Prairie 

States 

C8. Oak-hickory, Northern Prairie States 

C9. Douglas-fir, Pacific Northwest, East 

C10. Ponderosa pine, Pacific Northwest, East 

C11. Alder-maple, Pacific Northwest, West 

C12. Douglas-fir, high productivity and 

management intensity, Pacific 

Northwest, West 

C13. Hemlock-Sitka spruce, high 

productivity, Pacific Northwest, West 

C14. Mixed conifer, Pacific Southwest 

C15. Western oak, Pacific Southwest 

C16. Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain, North 

C17. Lodgepole pine, Rocky Mountain, North 

C18. Fir-spruce-mountain hemlock, Rocky 

Mountain, South 

C19. Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain, South 

C20. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high 

productivity and management intensity, 

Southeast 

C21. Oak-gum-cypress, Southeast 

C22. Oak-hickory, Southeast 

C23. Oak-pine, Southeast 

C24. Loblolly-shortleaf pine, high 

productivity and management intensity, 

South Central 

C25. Oak-gum-cypress, South Central 

C26. Oak-hickory, South Central 

C27. Oak-pine, South Central 

 

3

 Note carbon mass is in metric tons (tonnes) in all tables, and age refers to stand age. 

4

 These tables are example harvest scenarios; they are not recommendations for timing of harvest. 

151
C1.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for maple-beechbirch stands in the Northeast 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years -------- m3/hectare ------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 52.2 5 0.0 7.4 0.7 2.1 0.5 4.2 52.3 

15 28.0 31.8 3.2 1.9 2.3 10.8 53.7 25 58.1 53.2 5.3 1.8 3.8 15.8 56.0 35 89.6 72.8 6.0 1.7 5.2 19.7 58.9 45 119.1 87.8 6.6 1.7 6.2 22.7 61.8 55 146.6 101.1 7.0 1.7 7.2 25.3 64.4 65 0.0 172.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 32.0 27.7 66.3 34.5 0.0 39.7 14.1 7.5 

5 0.0 7.4 0.7 2.1 21.7 20.3 67.1 22.9 4.7 43.1 17.5 

15 28.0 31.8 3.2 1.9 11.5 16.3 68.2 13.2 8.1 46.2 20.7 25 58.1 53.2 5.3 1.8 7.8 17.6 68.9 10.3 8.8 47.1 22.0 35 89.6 72.8 6.0 1.7 6.9 20.3 69.2 8.7 9.1 47.5 22.9 45 119.1 87.8 6.6 1.7 7.0 23.0 69.4 7.6 9.4 47.8 23.5 55 146.6 101.1 7.0 1.7 7.5 25.3 69.5 6.7 9.6 47.9 24.0 65 0.0 172.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 32.0 27.7 69.5 40.4 9.8 87.8 38.5 7.7 

years --------- ft3/acre ---------- --------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 21.1 5 0 3.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 1.7 21.2 

15 400 12.9 1.3 0.8 0.9 4.4 21.7 25 830 21.5 2.1 0.7 1.5 6.4 22.7 35 1,280 29.5 2.4 0.7 2.1 8.0 23.8 45 1,702 35.5 2.7 0.7 2.5 9.2 25.0 55 2,095 40.9 2.8 0.7 2.9 10.2 26.0 65 0 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.8 13.0 11.2 26.8 13.9 0.0 16.1 5.7 3.0 

5 0 3.0 0.3 0.8 8.8 8.2 27.2 9.3 1.9 17.5 7.1 

15 400 12.9 1.3 0.8 4.7 6.6 27.6 5.3 3.3 18.7 8.4 25 830 21.5 2.1 0.7 3.2 7.1 27.9 4.2 3.6 19.0 8.9 35 1,280 29.5 2.4 0.7 2.8 8.2 28.0 3.5 3.7 19.2 9.3 45 1,702 35.5 2.7 0.7 2.8 9.3 28.1 3.1 3.8 19.3 9.5 55 2,095 40.9 2.8 0.7 3.0 10.3 28.1 2.7 3.9 19.4 9.7 65 0 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.8 13.0 11.2 28.1 16.4 4.0 35.5 15.6 3.1 

152
C2.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-hickory 

stands in the Northeast 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years -------- m3/hectare ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 39.8 5 0.0 6.9 0.7 2.1 0.5 0.9 39.9 

15 54.5 43.0 3.6 1.9 2.9 2.5 40.9 25 95.7 71.9 4.0 1.9 4.9 3.9 42.7 35 135.3 96.2 4.2 1.8 6.6 5.2 44.9 45 173.3 118.2 4.5 1.8 8.1 6.3 47.2 55 209.6 136.8 4.6 1.8 9.4 7.2 49.1 65 0.0 244.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 46.7 8.2 50.6 45.0 0.0 57.5 17.8 2.2 

5 0.0 6.9 0.7 2.1 31.4 5.7 51.2 30.6 6.3 61.6 21.8 

15 54.5 43.0 3.6 1.9 16.5 4.1 52.1 18.0 11.3 65.3 25.7 25 95.7 71.9 4.0 1.9 10.8 4.5 52.6 13.8 12.7 66.6 27.3 35 135.3 96.2 4.2 1.8 9.2 5.3 52.8 11.4 13.3 67.3 28.4 45 173.3 118.2 4.5 1.8 9.2 6.3 53.0 9.7 13.7 67.7 29.2 55 209.6 136.8 4.6 1.8 9.9 7.3 53.0 8.4 14.0 68.0 29.9 65 0.0 244.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 46.7 8.2 53.1 52.4 14.3 125.7 48.2 2.4 

years --------- ft3/acre ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 16.1 5 0 2.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.4 16.2 

15 779 17.4 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 16.6 25 1,368 29.1 1.6 0.7 2.0 1.6 17.3 35 1,934 38.9 1.7 0.7 2.7 2.1 18.2 45 2,477 47.8 1.8 0.7 3.3 2.5 19.1 55 2,996 55.4 1.9 0.7 3.8 2.9 19.9 65 0 3,492 0.0 0.0 0.8 18.9 3.3 20.5 18.2 0.0 23.3 7.2 0.9 

5 0 2.8 0.3 0.8 12.7 2.3 20.7 12.4 2.5 24.9 8.8 

15 779 17.4 1.4 0.8 6.7 1.7 21.1 7.3 4.6 26.4 10.4 25 1,368 29.1 1.6 0.7 4.4 1.8 21.3 5.6 5.1 26.9 11.0 35 1,934 38.9 1.7 0.7 3.7 2.2 21.4 4.6 5.4 27.2 11.5 45 2,477 47.8 1.8 0.7 3.7 2.6 21.4 3.9 5.5 27.4 11.8 55 2,996 55.4 1.9 0.7 4.0 2.9 21.5 3.4 5.7 27.5 12.1 65 0 3,492 0.0 0.0 0.8 18.9 3.3 21.5 21.2 5.8 50.9 19.5 1.0 

153
C3.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for spruce-balsam 

fir stands in the Northeast 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested Live tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ----- m3/hectare ------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 73.5 5 0.0 7.0 0.7 1.8 0.6 5.0 73.7 

15 11.5 20.1 2.0 1.6 1.9 13.0 75.6 25 29.1 32.5 3.3 1.5 3.0 19.0 78.9 35 51.6 45.7 4.6 1.4 4.2 23.7 83.0 45 76.9 57.4 5.7 1.4 5.3 27.5 87.1 55 102.6 68.7 6.9 1.4 6.3 30.7 90.7 65 0.0 126.4 0.0 0.0 2.1 20.3 33.7 93.5 23.6 0.0 22.2 11.1 14.8 

5 0.0 7.0 0.7 1.8 16.0 23.6 94.5 13.4 3.5 25.8 14.2 

15 11.5 20.1 2.0 1.6 10.6 18.6 96.1 5.7 5.6 28.8 16.9 25 29.1 32.5 3.3 1.5 8.0 20.7 97.0 4.1 5.6 29.3 17.9 35 51.6 45.7 4.6 1.4 7.1 24.2 97.5 3.5 5.4 29.5 18.6 45 76.9 57.4 5.7 1.4 6.9 27.7 97.8 3.0 5.4 29.6 19.0 55 102.6 68.7 6.9 1.4 7.3 30.7 97.9 2.6 5.3 29.6 19.3 65 0.0 126.4 0.0 0.0 2.1 20.3 33.7 98.0 26.0 5.4 51.9 30.7 15.4 

years -------- ft3/acre ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 29.7 5 0 2.8 0.3 0.7 0.3 2.0 29.8 

15 164 8.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 5.2 30.6 25 416 13.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 7.7 31.9 35 738 18.5 1.9 0.6 1.7 9.6 33.6 45 1,099 23.2 2.3 0.6 2.1 11.1 35.2 55 1,466 27.8 2.8 0.6 2.6 12.4 36.7 65 0 1,807 0.0 0.0 0.9 8.2 13.6 37.8 9.6 0.0 9.0 4.5 6.0 

5 0 2.8 0.3 0.7 6.5 9.5 38.3 5.4 1.4 10.5 5.7 

15 164 8.1 0.8 0.6 4.3 7.5 38.9 2.3 2.3 11.6 6.8 25 416 13.2 1.3 0.6 3.2 8.4 39.3 1.7 2.3 11.9 7.3 35 738 18.5 1.9 0.6 2.9 9.8 39.5 1.4 2.2 11.9 7.5 45 1,099 23.2 2.3 0.6 2.8 11.2 39.6 1.2 2.2 12.0 7.7 55 1,466 27.8 2.8 0.6 2.9 12.4 39.6 1.1 2.2 12.0 7.8 65 0 1,807 0.0 0.0 0.9 8.2 13.6 39.6 10.5 2.2 21.0 12.4 6.2 

154
C4.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for aspen-birch 

stands in the Northern Lake States 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 109.6 5 0.0 7.3 0.5 2.1 0.6 1.6 109.9 

15 2.9 13.9 1.4 2.1 1.1 4.0 112.7 25 21.5 26.8 2.7 2.1 2.2 5.8 117.6 35 47.2 40.8 4.1 2.0 3.3 7.3 123.7 45 72.8 53.5 5.3 2.0 4.3 8.4 129.8 55 0.0 97.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 13.4 10.2 135.2 12.7 0.0 12.1 4.8 32.4 

5 0.0 7.3 0.5 2.1 9.5 7.5 137.4 8.7 1.6 13.3 6.0 

15 2.9 13.9 1.4 2.1 5.0 6.0 140.9 5.4 2.8 14.3 7.1 25 21.5 26.8 2.7 2.1 3.9 6.5 143.3 4.3 3.1 14.6 7.6 35 47.2 40.8 4.1 2.0 4.0 7.5 144.7 3.7 3.2 14.8 7.9 45 72.8 53.5 5.3 2.0 4.6 8.5 145.4 3.2 3.3 14.9 8.1 55 0.0 97.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 13.4 10.2 145.8 15.5 3.4 27.1 13.1 32.5 

years --------ft3/acre --------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------------------------------

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 44.3 5 0 3.0 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.6 44.5 

15 42 5.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.6 45.6 25 307 10.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 2.4 47.6 35 674 16.5 1.6 0.8 1.3 2.9 50.1 45 1,041 21.6 2.2 0.8 1.7 3.4 52.5 55 0 1,388 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.4 4.1 54.7 5.1 0.0 4.9 1.9 13.1 

5 0 3.0 0.2 0.8 3.8 3.0 55.6 3.5 0.6 5.4 2.4 

15 42 5.6 0.6 0.8 2.0 2.4 57.0 2.2 1.1 5.8 2.9 25 307 10.9 1.1 0.8 1.6 2.6 58.0 1.7 1.2 5.9 3.1 35 674 16.5 1.6 0.8 1.6 3.0 58.5 1.5 1.3 6.0 3.2 45 1,041 21.6 2.2 0.8 1.9 3.4 58.8 1.3 1.3 6.0 3.3 55 0 1,388 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.4 4.1 59.0 6.3 1.4 11.0 5.3 13.2 

155
C5.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for maple-beechbirch stands in the Northern Lake States 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare------- ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 100.7 5 0.0 5.1 0.5 2.0 0.4 4.2 101.0 

15 4.3 13.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 10.8 103.6 25 24.6 30.3 3.0 1.6 2.3 15.8 108.1 35 48.1 47.7 4.0 1.5 3.6 19.7 113.7 45 72.5 62.9 4.4 1.4 4.8 22.7 119.3 55 96.9 77.3 4.7 1.4 5.9 25.3 124.3 65 0.0 121.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 19.5 27.7 128.1 19.0 0.0 19.0 7.2 37.1 

5 0.0 5.1 0.5 2.0 13.3 20.3 129.5 13.3 2.4 20.7 8.9 

15 4.3 13.4 1.3 1.7 6.7 16.3 131.7 8.3 4.3 22.2 10.5 25 24.6 30.3 3.0 1.6 4.8 17.6 132.9 6.6 4.8 22.6 11.2 35 48.1 47.7 4.0 1.5 4.7 20.3 133.6 5.6 5.1 22.9 11.6 45 72.5 62.9 4.4 1.4 5.2 23.0 134.0 4.9 5.3 23.1 12.0 55 96.9 77.3 4.7 1.4 6.1 25.3 134.2 4.3 5.5 23.2 12.3 65 0.0 121.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 19.5 27.7 134.2 22.9 5.6 42.3 19.8 37.2 

years --------ft3/acre --------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------------------------------

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 40.8 5 0 2.1 0.2 0.8 0.2 1.7 40.9 

15 62 5.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 4.4 41.9 25 351 12.2 1.2 0.6 0.9 6.4 43.8 35 688 19.3 1.6 0.6 1.5 8.0 46.0 45 1,036 25.4 1.8 0.6 1.9 9.2 48.3 55 1,385 31.3 1.9 0.6 2.4 10.2 50.3 65 0 1,733 0.0 0.0 0.9 7.9 11.2 51.8 7.7 0.0 7.7 2.9 15.0 

5 0 2.1 0.2 0.8 5.4 8.2 52.4 5.4 1.0 8.4 3.6 

15 62 5.4 0.5 0.7 2.7 6.6 53.3 3.3 1.7 9.0 4.3 25 351 12.2 1.2 0.6 1.9 7.1 53.8 2.7 2.0 9.2 4.5 35 688 19.3 1.6 0.6 1.9 8.2 54.1 2.3 2.1 9.3 4.7 45 1,036 25.4 1.8 0.6 2.1 9.3 54.2 2.0 2.1 9.3 4.9 55 1,385 31.3 1.9 0.6 2.5 10.3 54.3 1.7 2.2 9.4 5.0 65 0 1,733 0.0 0.0 0.9 7.9 11.2 54.3 9.3 2.3 17.1 8.0 15.1 

156
C6.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for white-red-jack 

pine stands in the Northern Lake States 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years -------- m3/hectare ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 90.6 5 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.0 0.0 3.1 90.9 

15 6.6 8.0 0.8 2.0 0.6 7.1 93.2 25 48.1 35.4 3.5 2.0 2.5 9.4 97.3 35 104.7 62.9 4.9 2.0 4.5 11.0 102.3 45 158.9 85.8 5.5 2.0 6.2 12.2 107.4 55 0.0 209.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 25.5 13.8 111.8 25.0 0.0 20.5 9.1 37.9 

5 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.0 19.3 10.7 113.7 16.8 3.3 23.2 11.3 

15 6.6 8.0 0.8 2.0 11.6 9.4 116.6 9.7 5.8 25.7 13.4 25 48.1 35.4 3.5 2.0 8.8 10.1 118.5 7.4 6.5 26.4 14.3 35 104.7 62.9 4.9 2.0 8.1 11.2 119.6 6.1 6.8 26.7 14.9 45 158.9 85.8 5.5 2.0 8.2 12.2 120.3 5.2 7.0 27.0 15.4 55 0.0 209.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 25.5 13.8 120.6 29.5 7.2 47.6 24.8 39.1 

years ----------- ft3/acre --------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre -------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 36.7 5 0 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.3 36.8 

15 94 3.3 0.3 0.8 0.2 2.9 37.7 25 688 14.3 1.4 0.8 1.0 3.8 39.4 35 1,496 25.5 2.0 0.8 1.8 4.5 41.4 45 2,271 34.7 2.2 0.8 2.5 4.9 43.5 55 0 2,988 0.0 0.0 0.8 10.3 5.6 45.3 10.1 0.0 8.3 3.7 15.3 

5 0 0.2 0.0 0.8 7.8 4.3 46.0 6.8 1.3 9.4 4.6 

15 94 3.3 0.3 0.8 4.7 3.8 47.2 3.9 2.4 10.4 5.4 25 688 14.3 1.4 0.8 3.6 4.1 48.0 3.0 2.6 10.7 5.8 35 1,496 25.5 2.0 0.8 3.3 4.6 48.4 2.5 2.7 10.8 6.0 45 2,271 34.7 2.2 0.8 3.3 5.0 48.7 2.1 2.8 10.9 6.2 55 0 2,988 0.0 0.0 0.8 10.3 5.6 48.8 12.0 2.9 19.3 10.1 15.8 

157
C7.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for elm-ashcottonwood stands in the Northern Prairie States 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years -------- m3/hectare ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare ------------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 63.6 5 0.0 3.9 0.4 2.1 0.3 4.2 63.8 

15 0.0 8.7 0.9 2.7 0.6 10.8 65.4 25 5.8 15.5 1.6 2.4 1.1 15.8 68.3 35 21.8 27.7 2.8 2.2 1.9 19.7 71.8 45 45.1 43.2 4.3 2.0 3.0 22.7 75.4 55 0.0 73.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 11.3 27.7 78.5 10.0 0.0 10.9 3.9 31.2 

5 0.0 3.9 0.4 2.1 7.7 20.3 79.8 7.0 1.3 11.7 4.7 

15 0.0 8.7 0.9 2.7 3.9 16.3 81.8 4.3 2.5 12.5 5.5 25 5.8 15.5 1.6 2.4 2.5 17.6 83.1 3.4 2.8 12.7 5.9 35 21.8 27.7 2.8 2.2 2.5 20.3 84.0 2.8 2.9 12.9 6.1 45 45.1 43.2 4.3 2.0 3.3 23.0 84.4 2.4 3.1 13.0 6.3 55 0.0 73.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 11.3 27.7 84.6 12.2 3.1 23.9 10.4 31.4 

years ---------- ft3/acre ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre -------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 25.7 5 0 1.6 0.2 0.8 0.1 1.7 25.8 

15 0 3.5 0.4 1.1 0.2 4.4 26.5 25 83 6.3 0.6 1.0 0.4 6.4 27.6 35 312 11.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 8.0 29.1 45 644 17.5 1.7 0.8 1.2 9.2 30.5 55 0 1,043 0.0 0.0 0.8 4.6 11.2 31.8 4.1 0.0 4.4 1.6 12.6 

5 0 1.6 0.2 0.8 3.1 8.2 32.3 2.8 0.5 4.7 1.9 

15 0 3.5 0.4 1.1 1.6 6.6 33.1 1.8 1.0 5.0 2.2 25 83 6.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 7.1 33.6 1.4 1.1 5.2 2.4 35 312 11.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 8.2 34.0 1.1 1.2 5.2 2.5 45 644 17.5 1.7 0.8 1.3 9.3 34.2 1.0 1.2 5.3 2.6 55 0 1,043 0.0 0.0 0.8 4.6 11.2 34.2 4.9 1.3 9.7 4.2 12.7 

158
C8.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-hickory 

stands in the Northern Prairie States 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 34.5 5 0.0 6.7 0.6 2.4 0.5 0.9 34.6 

15 2.1 15.6 1.6 2.1 1.1 2.5 35.4 25 13.0 27.5 2.7 2.0 1.9 3.9 37.0 35 27.4 40.0 3.2 1.9 2.7 5.2 38.9 45 43.0 52.2 3.6 1.8 3.5 6.3 40.8 55 59.1 64.3 3.9 1.8 4.3 7.2 42.5 65 0.0 74.9 0.0 0.0 2.1 14.1 8.2 43.8 13.2 0.0 13.9 5.1 37.1 

5 0.0 6.7 0.6 2.4 9.8 5.7 44.3 9.2 1.7 15.0 6.2 

15 2.1 15.6 1.6 2.1 5.2 4.1 45.1 5.7 3.1 16.0 7.3 25 13.0 27.5 2.7 2.0 3.7 4.5 45.5 4.5 3.5 16.4 7.8 35 27.4 40.0 3.2 1.9 3.5 5.3 45.7 3.8 3.7 16.5 8.1 45 43.0 52.2 3.6 1.8 3.9 6.3 45.9 3.3 3.9 16.7 8.3 55 59.1 64.3 3.9 1.8 4.5 7.3 45.9 2.9 4.0 16.8 8.5 65 0.0 74.9 0.0 0.0 2.1 14.1 8.2 45.9 15.8 4.1 30.7 13.8 37.2 

years --------ft3/acre --------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre --------------------------------------------------------------

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 13.9 5 0 2.7 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.4 14.0 

15 30 6.3 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.0 14.3 25 186 11.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.6 15.0 35 391 16.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 2.1 15.7 45 615 21.1 1.4 0.7 1.4 2.5 16.5 55 844 26.0 1.6 0.7 1.8 2.9 17.2 65 0 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.7 3.3 17.7 5.4 0.0 5.6 2.1 15.0 

5 0 2.7 0.2 1.0 4.0 2.3 17.9 3.7 0.7 6.1 2.5 

15 30 6.3 0.6 0.9 2.1 1.7 18.2 2.3 1.3 6.5 3.0 25 186 11.1 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.8 18.4 1.8 1.4 6.6 3.1 35 391 16.2 1.3 0.8 1.4 2.2 18.5 1.5 1.5 6.7 3.3 45 615 21.1 1.4 0.7 1.6 2.6 18.6 1.3 1.6 6.7 3.4 55 844 26.0 1.6 0.7 1.8 2.9 18.6 1.2 1.6 6.8 3.5 65 0 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.7 3.3 18.6 6.4 1.6 12.4 5.6 15.1 

159
C9.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for Douglas-fir 

stands in the Pacific Northwest, East 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 71.1 5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.4 0.3 5.2 71.3 

15 3.8 8.7 0.9 4.1 0.9 13.0 73.1 25 47.7 38.3 3.8 3.7 3.9 18.6 76.3 35 119.0 75.1 7.5 3.6 7.7 22.9 80.2 45 184.7 104.0 10.0 3.5 10.7 26.2 84.2 55 241.8 127.3 10.9 3.4 13.1 28.9 87.7 65 290.9 146.4 11.5 3.4 15.0 31.1 90.4 75 0.0 332.7 0.0 0.0 4.6 26.0 37.2 92.3 41.1 0.0 27.3 16.1 74.9 

5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.4 22.5 35.4 92.9 31.8 4.2 29.9 18.6 

15 3.8 8.7 0.9 4.1 17.2 32.9 93.8 22.6 8.2 32.3 21.3 25 47.7 38.3 3.8 3.7 15.9 31.8 94.3 18.5 9.9 33.3 22.8 35 119.0 75.1 7.5 3.6 16.5 31.6 94.6 15.8 11.0 33.9 23.9 45 184.7 104.0 10.0 3.5 17.1 32.0 94.7 13.7 11.8 34.2 24.8 55 241.8 127.3 10.9 3.4 17.8 32.7 94.7 12.1 12.4 34.5 25.6 65 290.9 146.4 11.5 3.4 18.5 33.6 94.8 10.7 12.9 34.6 26.2 75 0.0 332.7 0.0 0.0 4.6 26.0 37.2 94.8 50.7 13.4 62.0 42.9 79.1 

Continued 

160
C9.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 28.8 5 0 1.1 0.1 1.8 0.1 2.1 28.9 

15 54 3.5 0.4 1.7 0.4 5.2 29.6 25 682 15.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 7.5 30.9 35 1,701 30.4 3.0 1.4 3.1 9.3 32.5 45 2,639 42.1 4.1 1.4 4.3 10.6 34.1 55 3,456 51.5 4.4 1.4 5.3 11.7 35.5 65 4,157 59.3 4.7 1.4 6.1 12.6 36.6 75 0 4,755 0.0 0.0 1.9 10.5 15.1 37.3 16.6 0.0 11.1 6.5 30.3 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.8 9.1 14.3 37.6 12.9 1.7 12.1 7.5 

15 54 3.5 0.4 1.7 7.0 13.3 38.0 9.1 3.3 13.1 8.6 25 682 15.5 1.5 1.5 6.4 12.9 38.2 7.5 4.0 13.5 9.2 35 1,701 30.4 3.0 1.4 6.7 12.8 38.3 6.4 4.5 13.7 9.7 45 2,639 42.1 4.1 1.4 6.9 12.9 38.3 5.5 4.8 13.9 10.0 55 3,456 51.5 4.4 1.4 7.2 13.2 38.3 4.9 5.0 14.0 10.3 65 4,157 59.3 4.7 1.4 7.5 13.6 38.3 4.3 5.2 14.0 10.6 75 0 4,755 0.0 0.0 1.9 10.5 15.1 38.3 20.5 5.4 25.1 17.4 32.0 

161
C10.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for ponderosa 

pine stands in the Pacific Northwest, East 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 38.0 5 0.0 3.3 0.3 4.6 0.3 2.4 38.1 

15 4.1 7.9 0.8 3.8 0.8 6.4 39.1 25 21.6 17.3 1.7 3.2 1.8 9.8 40.8 35 40.8 26.2 2.6 2.9 2.7 12.6 42.9 45 61.4 34.9 3.3 2.8 3.6 14.9 45.1 55 83.3 43.6 3.7 2.6 4.5 17.0 46.9 65 106.0 52.5 4.2 2.5 5.4 18.7 48.4 75 0.0 129.3 0.0 0.0 4.8 9.6 24.1 49.4 14.4 0.0 9.4 5.6 27.0 

5 0.0 3.3 0.3 4.6 8.5 22.0 49.7 11.1 1.5 10.3 6.5 

15 4.1 7.9 0.8 3.8 6.8 19.4 50.2 7.9 2.9 11.2 7.5 25 21.6 17.3 1.7 3.2 6.2 18.3 50.5 6.5 3.5 11.5 8.0 35 40.8 26.2 2.6 2.9 5.9 18.2 50.6 5.5 3.8 11.7 8.3 45 61.4 34.9 3.3 2.8 6.0 18.7 50.7 4.8 4.1 11.8 8.7 55 83.3 43.6 3.7 2.6 6.3 19.4 50.7 4.2 4.3 11.9 8.9 65 106.0 52.5 4.2 2.5 6.7 20.4 50.7 3.8 4.5 12.0 9.2 75 0.0 129.3 0.0 0.0 4.8 9.6 24.1 50.7 17.7 4.7 21.4 15.0 29.0 

Continued 

162
C10.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 15.4 5 0 1.3 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.0 15.4 

15 59 3.2 0.3 1.5 0.3 2.6 15.8 25 309 7.0 0.7 1.3 0.7 4.0 16.5 35 583 10.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 5.1 17.4 45 878 14.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 6.0 18.2 55 1,190 17.7 1.5 1.1 1.8 6.9 19.0 65 1,515 21.2 1.7 1.0 2.2 7.6 19.6 75 0 1,848 0.0 0.0 1.9 3.9 9.8 20.0 5.8 0.0 3.8 2.3 10.9 

5 0 1.3 0.1 1.8 3.5 8.9 20.1 4.5 0.6 4.2 2.6 

15 59 3.2 0.3 1.5 2.8 7.8 20.3 3.2 1.2 4.5 3.0 25 309 7.0 0.7 1.3 2.5 7.4 20.4 2.6 1.4 4.7 3.2 35 583 10.6 1.1 1.2 2.4 7.4 20.5 2.2 1.6 4.7 3.4 45 878 14.1 1.3 1.1 2.4 7.6 20.5 1.9 1.7 4.8 3.5 55 1,190 17.7 1.5 1.1 2.5 7.9 20.5 1.7 1.8 4.8 3.6 65 1,515 21.2 1.7 1.0 2.7 8.2 20.5 1.5 1.8 4.8 3.7 75 0 1,848 0.0 0.0 1.9 3.9 9.8 20.5 7.2 1.9 8.7 6.1 11.7 

163
C11.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for alder-maple 

stands in the Pacific Northwest, West 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ----- m3/hectare ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 86.4 5 0.0 8.0 0.8 4.7 0.8 1.8 86.7 

15 49.5 31.0 3.1 3.7 2.9 4.4 88.9 25 229.7 99.4 9.9 2.8 9.4 6.2 92.8 35 380.8 153.8 15.4 2.5 14.6 7.6 97.6 45 0.0 513.7 0.0 0.0 4.7 32.2 9.3 102.4 42.6 0.0 95.0 16.6 50.6 

5 0.0 8.0 0.8 4.7 22.0 3.9 104.6 30.3 5.4 98.7 19.8 

15 49.5 31.0 3.1 3.7 12.3 4.5 108.4 18.8 10.1 102.1 23.1 25 229.7 99.4 9.9 2.8 13.5 6.2 111.2 14.5 11.7 103.3 24.7 35 380.8 153.8 15.4 2.5 16.4 7.6 113.0 11.8 12.5 103.9 25.8 45 0.0 513.7 0.0 0.0 4.7 32.2 9.3 114.1 52.6 13.1 199.3 43.3 51.4 

years ------ ft3/acre --------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 35.0 5 0 3.2 0.3 1.9 0.3 0.7 35.1 

15 708 12.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.8 36.0 25 3,282 40.2 4.0 1.1 3.8 2.5 37.6 35 5,442 62.3 6.2 1.0 5.9 3.1 39.5 45 0 7,342 0.0 0.0 1.9 13.0 3.8 41.5 17.2 0.0 38.4 6.7 20.5 

5 0 3.2 0.3 1.9 8.9 1.6 42.3 12.2 2.2 39.9 8.0 

15 708 12.6 1.3 1.5 5.0 1.8 43.9 7.6 4.1 41.3 9.3 25 3,282 40.2 4.0 1.1 5.5 2.5 45.0 5.9 4.7 41.8 10.0 35 5,442 62.3 6.2 1.0 6.6 3.1 45.7 4.8 5.1 42.1 10.4 45 0 7,342 0.0 0.0 1.9 13.0 3.8 46.2 21.3 5.3 80.7 17.5 20.8 

164
C12.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for Douglas-fir 

stands in the Pacific Northwest, West; volumes are for high-productivity sites (growth rate greater than 165 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high-intensity management (replanting with genetically improved stock, fertilization, and precommercial thinning) 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ---- m3/hectare -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 71.1 5 0.0 9.5 0.9 4.4 0.9 3.6 71.3 

15 19.8 23.4 2.3 4.0 2.3 10.0 73.1 25 169.7 84.6 8.5 3.5 8.5 15.4 76.3 35 445.7 187.4 10.0 3.2 18.7 20.2 80.2 45 0.0 718.8 0.0 0.0 4.6 49.3 27.5 84.2 100.1 0.0 57.0 31.8 82.6 

5 0.0 9.5 0.9 4.4 43.1 23.7 86.0 76.9 10.9 63.0 38.0 

15 19.8 23.4 2.3 4.0 33.3 20.7 89.2 53.3 21.6 68.9 45.1 25 169.7 84.6 8.5 3.5 31.2 21.2 91.4 42.5 26.1 71.2 49.0 35 445.7 187.4 10.0 3.2 35.4 23.3 92.9 35.6 28.8 72.6 51.8 45 0.0 718.8 0.0 0.0 4.6 49.3 27.5 93.8 130.6 30.7 130.5 85.9 96.5 

years -------- ft3/acre -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 28.8 5 0 3.8 0.4 1.8 0.4 1.5 28.9 

15 283 9.5 0.9 1.6 0.9 4.0 29.6 25 2,425 34.2 3.4 1.4 3.4 6.2 30.9 35 6,370 75.9 4.1 1.3 7.6 8.2 32.5 45 0 10,272 0.0 0.0 1.9 19.9 11.1 34.1 40.5 0.0 23.1 12.9 33.4 

5 0 3.8 0.4 1.8 17.5 9.6 34.8 31.1 4.4 25.5 15.4 

15 283 9.5 0.9 1.6 13.5 8.4 36.1 21.6 8.7 27.9 18.3 25 2,425 34.2 3.4 1.4 12.6 8.6 37.0 17.2 10.6 28.8 19.8 35 6,370 75.9 4.1 1.3 14.3 9.4 37.6 14.4 11.7 29.4 21.0 45 0 10,272 0.0 0.0 1.9 19.9 11.1 38.0 52.9 12.4 52.8 34.8 39.0 

165
C13.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for hemlock-Sitka 

spruce stands in the Pacific Northwest, West; volumes are for high productivity sites (growth rate greater than 225 cubic feet wood/acre/year) 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ----- m3/hectare ------ ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 87.3 5 0.0 5.9 0.6 4.7 0.6 3.6 87.6 

15 80.3 36.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 10.0 89.8 25 221.7 90.4 9.0 3.0 8.9 15.4 93.7 35 413.7 161.0 16.1 2.7 15.9 20.2 98.5 45 0.0 669.6 0.0 0.0 4.7 42.7 27.5 103.4 85.8 0.0 49.3 27.3 93.4 

5 0.0 5.9 0.6 4.7 37.1 23.7 105.6 65.8 9.4 54.5 32.7 

15 80.3 36.4 3.6 3.7 30.4 20.7 109.5 45.5 18.5 59.6 38.8 25 221.7 90.4 9.0 3.0 28.6 21.2 112.3 36.3 22.4 61.6 42.1 35 413.7 161.0 16.1 2.7 30.3 23.3 114.1 30.4 24.7 62.8 44.6 45 0.0 669.6 0.0 0.0 4.7 42.7 27.5 115.2 111.8 26.3 112.9 73.8 105.6 

years -------- ft3/acre-------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 35.3 5 0 2.4 0.2 1.9 0.2 1.5 35.4 

15 1,148 14.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 4.0 36.3 25 3,169 36.6 3.7 1.2 3.6 6.2 37.9 35 5,912 65.1 6.5 1.1 6.4 8.2 39.9 45 0 9,570 0.0 0.0 1.9 17.3 11.1 41.8 34.7 0.0 20.0 11.1 37.8 

5 0 2.4 0.2 1.9 15.0 9.6 42.8 26.6 3.8 22.1 13.2 

15 1,148 14.7 1.5 1.5 12.3 8.4 44.3 18.4 7.5 24.1 15.7 25 3,169 36.6 3.7 1.2 11.6 8.6 45.4 14.7 9.1 24.9 17.0 35 5,912 65.1 6.5 1.1 12.3 9.4 46.2 12.3 10.0 25.4 18.0 45 0 9,570 0.0 0.0 1.9 17.3 11.1 46.6 45.3 10.6 45.7 29.9 42.7 

166
C14.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for mixed conifer 

stands in the Pacific Southwest 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 37.4 5 0.0 4.2 0.3 4.8 0.4 5.2 37.5 

15 2.0 8.1 0.8 4.8 0.8 13.0 38.4 25 11.1 14.6 1.5 6.9 1.5 18.6 40.1 35 24.4 22.3 2.2 4.9 2.2 22.9 42.2 45 44.5 32.9 3.3 3.6 3.3 26.2 44.3 55 71.9 46.5 4.7 2.8 4.7 28.9 46.1 65 106.6 62.8 6.3 2.2 6.3 31.1 47.5 75 0.0 147.9 0.0 0.0 4.8 12.0 37.2 48.5 17.3 0.0 12.2 6.3 42.7 

5 0.0 4.2 0.3 4.8 10.7 35.4 48.8 13.3 1.9 13.2 7.3 

15 2.0 8.1 0.8 4.8 8.4 32.9 49.3 9.3 3.7 14.3 8.5 25 11.1 14.6 1.5 6.9 7.0 31.8 49.6 7.4 4.5 14.7 9.1 35 24.4 22.3 2.2 4.9 6.3 31.6 49.7 6.2 4.9 15.0 9.6 45 44.5 32.9 3.3 3.6 6.3 32.0 49.8 5.3 5.3 15.2 10.0 55 71.9 46.5 4.7 2.8 6.9 32.7 49.8 4.7 5.5 15.3 10.3 65 106.6 62.8 6.3 2.2 7.9 33.6 49.8 4.1 5.7 15.4 10.5 75 0.0 147.9 0.0 0.0 4.8 12.0 37.2 49.8 20.9 5.9 27.6 17.0 45.6 

 Continued

167
C14.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 15.1 5 0 1.7 0.1 1.9 0.2 2.1 15.2 

15 29 3.3 0.3 1.9 0.3 5.2 15.5 25 159 5.9 0.6 2.8 0.6 7.5 16.2 35 349 9.0 0.9 2.0 0.9 9.3 17.1 45 636 13.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 10.6 17.9 55 1,028 18.8 1.9 1.1 1.9 11.7 18.7 65 1,523 25.4 2.5 0.9 2.6 12.6 19.2 75 0 2,114 0.0 0.0 1.9 4.9 15.1 19.6 7.0 0.0 4.9 2.5 17.3 

5 0 1.7 0.1 1.9 4.3 14.3 19.8 5.4 0.8 5.4 3.0 

15 29 3.3 0.3 1.9 3.4 13.3 20.0 3.7 1.5 5.8 3.4 25 159 5.9 0.6 2.8 2.8 12.9 20.1 3.0 1.8 6.0 3.7 35 349 9.0 0.9 2.0 2.6 12.8 20.1 2.5 2.0 6.1 3.9 45 636 13.3 1.3 1.5 2.5 12.9 20.1 2.2 2.1 6.1 4.0 55 1,028 18.8 1.9 1.1 2.8 13.2 20.1 1.9 2.2 6.2 4.2 65 1,523 25.4 2.5 0.9 3.2 13.6 20.2 1.7 2.3 6.2 4.3 75 0 2,114 0.0 0.0 1.9 4.9 15.1 20.2 8.5 2.4 11.2 6.9 18.4 

168
C15.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for western oak 

stands in the Pacific Southwest 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 20.7 5 0.0 2.6 0.2 4.6 0.1 3.7 20.8 

15 0.0 5.7 0.6 4.5 0.2 9.8 21.3 25 1.0 8.8 0.9 4.4 0.4 14.4 22.2 35 25.9 30.6 3.1 4.2 1.3 18.1 23.4 45 76.3 65.1 4.5 4.1 2.7 21.1 24.5 55 127.8 98.3 5.4 4.0 4.1 23.6 25.5 65 174.4 124.0 6.0 4.0 5.1 25.6 26.3 75 0.0 215.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 13.3 31.7 26.9 19.5 0.0 52.4 7.8 59.7 

5 0.0 2.6 0.2 4.6 8.9 28.4 27.1 14.7 2.3 53.7 9.1 

15 0.0 5.7 0.6 4.5 4.1 24.6 27.3 9.8 4.4 55.1 10.4 25 1.0 8.8 0.9 4.4 2.1 23.4 27.5 7.6 5.4 55.7 11.1 35 25.9 30.6 3.1 4.2 2.0 23.5 27.5 6.2 5.9 56.0 11.6 45 76.3 65.1 4.5 4.1 3.0 24.3 27.6 5.2 6.3 56.2 12.0 55 127.8 98.3 5.4 4.0 4.2 25.5 27.6 4.5 6.5 56.4 12.4 65 174.4 124.0 6.0 4.0 5.2 26.8 27.6 3.9 6.7 56.5 12.7 75 0.0 215.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 13.3 31.7 27.6 22.9 6.9 109.0 20.7 60.4 

 Continued

169
C15.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 8.4 5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 0.0 1.5 8.4 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.8 0.1 3.9 8.6 25 15 3.6 0.4 1.8 0.1 5.8 9.0 35 370 12.4 1.2 1.7 0.5 7.3 9.5 45 1,090 26.3 1.8 1.7 1.1 8.5 9.9 55 1,826 39.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 9.5 10.3 65 2,493 50.2 2.4 1.6 2.1 10.4 10.6 75 0 3,072 0.0 0.0 1.9 5.4 12.8 10.9 7.9 0.0 21.2 3.2 24.1 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 3.6 11.5 10.9 5.9 0.9 21.7 3.7 

15 0 2.3 0.2 1.8 1.7 10.0 11.1 4.0 1.8 22.3 4.2 25 15 3.6 0.4 1.8 0.8 9.5 11.1 3.1 2.2 22.5 4.5 35 370 12.4 1.2 1.7 0.8 9.5 11.1 2.5 2.4 22.7 4.7 45 1,090 26.3 1.8 1.7 1.2 9.8 11.2 2.1 2.5 22.8 4.9 55 1,826 39.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 10.3 11.2 1.8 2.6 22.8 5.0 65 2,493 50.2 2.4 1.6 2.1 10.9 11.2 1.6 2.7 22.9 5.1 75 0 3,072 0.0 0.0 1.9 5.4 12.8 11.2 9.3 2.8 44.1 8.4 24.4 

170
C16.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for Douglas-fir 

stands in the Rocky Mountain, North 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 29.1 5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.7 0.2 5.2 29.2 

15 1.1 6.1 0.6 4.7 0.4 13.0 30.0 25 19.7 21.5 2.2 3.4 1.3 18.6 31.3 35 57.1 44.3 4.4 2.7 2.8 22.9 32.9 45 100.9 66.5 6.7 2.3 4.1 26.2 34.5 55 145.9 87.2 8.7 2.1 5.4 28.9 35.9 65 189.3 105.9 10.1 1.9 6.6 31.1 37.1 75 0.0 229.7 0.0 0.0 4.7 22.4 37.2 37.8 40.7 0.0 31.8 8.1 30.6 

5 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.7 20.2 35.4 38.1 31.2 4.4 35.1 9.9 

15 1.1 6.1 0.6 4.7 16.3 32.9 38.5 21.5 8.8 38.3 12.0 25 19.7 21.5 2.2 3.4 14.0 31.8 38.7 17.2 10.7 39.6 13.3 35 57.1 44.3 4.4 2.7 12.8 31.6 38.8 14.3 11.8 40.3 14.2 45 100.9 66.5 6.7 2.3 12.1 32.0 38.8 12.3 12.5 40.8 15.1 55 145.9 87.2 8.7 2.1 11.8 32.7 38.8 10.7 13.1 41.1 15.8 65 189.3 105.9 10.1 1.9 11.6 33.6 38.8 9.4 13.6 41.3 16.4 75 0.0 229.7 0.0 0.0 4.7 22.4 37.2 38.8 49.1 13.9 73.2 25.1 36.3 

 Continued

171
C16.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- --------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 11.8 5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.1 11.8 

15 16 2.5 0.2 1.9 0.2 5.2 12.1 25 281 8.7 0.9 1.4 0.5 7.5 12.7 35 816 17.9 1.8 1.1 1.1 9.3 13.3 45 1,442 26.9 2.7 0.9 1.7 10.6 14.0 55 2,085 35.3 3.5 0.8 2.2 11.7 14.5 65 2,705 42.9 4.1 0.8 2.7 12.6 15.0 75 0 3,283 0.0 0.0 1.9 9.1 15.1 15.3 16.5 0.0 12.9 3.3 12.4 

5 0 1.1 0.1 1.9 8.2 14.3 15.4 12.6 1.8 14.2 4.0 

15 16 2.5 0.2 1.9 6.6 13.3 15.6 8.7 3.6 15.5 4.9 25 281 8.7 0.9 1.4 5.6 12.9 15.6 6.9 4.3 16.0 5.4 35 816 17.9 1.8 1.1 5.2 12.8 15.7 5.8 4.8 16.3 5.8 45 1,442 26.9 2.7 0.9 4.9 12.9 15.7 5.0 5.1 16.5 6.1 55 2,085 35.3 3.5 0.8 4.8 13.2 15.7 4.3 5.3 16.6 6.4 65 2,705 42.9 4.1 0.8 4.7 13.6 15.7 3.8 5.5 16.7 6.6 75 0 3,283 0.0 0.0 1.9 9.1 15.1 15.7 19.9 5.6 29.6 10.2 14.7 

172
C17.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for lodgepole pine 

stands in the Rocky Mountain, North 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 27.9 5 0.0 1.9 0.1 4.8 0.1 2.4 28.0 

15 0.2 4.1 0.3 4.8 0.2 6.4 28.7 25 15.9 14.3 1.4 3.5 0.8 9.8 29.9 35 51.6 29.9 3.0 2.4 1.7 12.6 31.5 45 94.3 45.8 4.6 1.9 2.7 14.9 33.0 55 138.8 59.4 5.9 1.7 3.4 17.0 34.4 65 182.1 71.6 7.2 1.5 4.2 18.7 35.5 75 0.0 223.1 0.0 0.0 4.8 17.7 24.1 36.2 32.3 0.0 25.6 6.4 6.4 

5 0.0 1.9 0.1 4.8 15.9 22.0 36.5 24.8 3.5 28.2 7.9 

15 0.2 4.1 0.3 4.8 12.8 19.4 36.8 17.1 7.0 30.7 9.5 25 15.9 14.3 1.4 3.5 10.8 18.3 37.0 13.6 8.5 31.8 10.5 35 51.6 29.9 3.0 2.4 9.6 18.2 37.1 11.4 9.3 32.4 11.3 45 94.3 45.8 4.6 1.9 8.9 18.7 37.1 9.8 9.9 32.7 11.9 55 138.8 59.4 5.9 1.7 8.4 19.4 37.2 8.5 10.4 33.0 12.5 65 182.1 71.6 7.2 1.5 8.1 20.4 37.2 7.5 10.8 33.1 13.0 75 0.0 223.1 0.0 0.0 4.8 17.7 24.1 37.2 39.0 11.1 58.8 19.9 10.6 

 Continued

173
C17.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 11.3 5 0 0.8 0.0 1.9 0.0 1.0 11.3 

15 3 1.7 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.6 11.6 25 227 5.8 0.6 1.4 0.3 4.0 12.1 35 737 12.1 1.2 1.0 0.7 5.1 12.7 45 1,348 18.5 1.9 0.8 1.1 6.0 13.4 55 1,983 24.0 2.4 0.7 1.4 6.9 13.9 65 2,603 29.0 2.9 0.6 1.7 7.6 14.4 75 0 3,189 0.0 0.0 1.9 7.2 9.8 14.6 13.1 0.0 10.4 2.6 2.6 

5 0 0.8 0.0 1.9 6.4 8.9 14.8 10.0 1.4 11.4 3.2 

15 3 1.7 0.1 1.9 5.2 7.8 14.9 6.9 2.8 12.4 3.9 25 227 5.8 0.6 1.4 4.4 7.4 15.0 5.5 3.4 12.8 4.3 35 737 12.1 1.2 1.0 3.9 7.4 15.0 4.6 3.8 13.1 4.6 45 1,348 18.5 1.9 0.8 3.6 7.6 15.0 3.9 4.0 13.2 4.8 55 1,983 24.0 2.4 0.7 3.4 7.9 15.0 3.4 4.2 13.3 5.1 65 2,603 29.0 2.9 0.6 3.3 8.2 15.0 3.0 4.4 13.4 5.3 75 0 3,189 0.0 0.0 1.9 7.2 9.8 15.0 15.8 4.5 23.8 8.1 4.3 

174
C18.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for fir-sprucemountain hemlock stands in the Rocky Mountain, South 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare ----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 23.6 5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 0.1 5.2 23.7 

15 0.0 4.0 0.4 4.8 0.3 13.0 24.3 25 8.5 12.0 1.2 4.3 0.9 18.6 25.3 35 27.7 24.4 2.4 2.8 1.9 22.9 26.7 45 49.5 36.7 3.7 2.3 2.9 26.2 28.0 55 71.9 48.7 4.9 1.9 3.8 28.9 29.1 65 94.1 58.6 5.9 1.7 4.6 31.1 30.0 75 0.0 115.7 0.0 0.0 4.8 11.3 37.2 30.6 16.4 0.0 14.8 3.4 26.5 

5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 10.2 35.4 30.9 12.6 1.8 16.1 4.1 

15 0.0 4.0 0.4 4.8 8.3 32.9 31.2 8.7 3.6 17.4 5.0 25 8.5 12.0 1.2 4.3 7.3 31.8 31.3 6.9 4.3 17.9 5.5 35 27.7 24.4 2.4 2.8 7.0 31.6 31.4 5.7 4.8 18.2 5.9 45 49.5 36.7 3.7 2.3 6.9 32.0 31.4 4.9 5.1 18.4 6.2 55 71.9 48.7 4.9 1.9 7.0 32.7 31.5 4.3 5.3 18.6 6.5 65 94.1 58.6 5.9 1.7 7.1 33.6 31.5 3.8 5.5 18.6 6.7 75 0.0 115.7 0.0 0.0 4.8 11.3 37.2 31.5 19.8 5.6 33.5 10.3 30.2 

 Continued

175
C18.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------ 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 0.1 2.1 9.6 

15 0 1.6 0.2 2.0 0.1 5.2 9.8 25 122 4.8 0.5 1.7 0.4 7.5 10.3 35 396 9.9 1.0 1.1 0.8 9.3 10.8 45 708 14.8 1.5 0.9 1.2 10.6 11.3 55 1,028 19.7 2.0 0.8 1.6 11.7 11.8 65 1,345 23.7 2.4 0.7 1.9 12.6 12.1 75 0 1,654 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.6 15.1 12.4 6.6 0.0 6.0 1.4 10.7 

5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 4.1 14.3 12.5 5.1 0.7 6.5 1.7 

15 0 1.6 0.2 2.0 3.4 13.3 12.6 3.5 1.4 7.0 2.0 25 122 4.8 0.5 1.7 3.0 12.9 12.7 2.8 1.7 7.3 2.2 35 396 9.9 1.0 1.1 2.8 12.8 12.7 2.3 1.9 7.4 2.4 45 708 14.8 1.5 0.9 2.8 12.9 12.7 2.0 2.0 7.5 2.5 55 1,028 19.7 2.0 0.8 2.8 13.2 12.7 1.7 2.1 7.5 2.6 65 1,345 23.7 2.4 0.7 2.9 13.6 12.7 1.5 2.2 7.5 2.7 75 0 1,654 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.6 15.1 12.7 8.0 2.3 13.5 4.2 12.2 

176
C19.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for ponderosa 

pine stands in the Rocky Mountain, South 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 18.1 5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 0.2 2.4 18.1 

15 0.0 3.7 0.4 4.8 0.3 6.4 18.6 25 4.4 9.4 0.9 4.8 0.8 9.8 19.4 35 16.2 18.6 1.9 2.9 1.5 12.6 20.4 45 32.2 28.8 2.7 2.1 2.4 14.9 21.4 55 50.3 38.2 3.0 1.7 3.1 17.0 22.3 65 69.3 47.1 3.3 1.5 3.9 18.7 23.0 75 0.0 88.4 0.0 0.0 4.8 9.7 24.1 23.5 14.2 0.0 11.1 2.8 18.5 

5 0.0 1.8 0.2 4.8 8.8 22.0 23.6 10.9 1.6 12.2 3.5 

15 0.0 3.7 0.4 4.8 7.1 19.4 23.9 7.5 3.1 13.3 4.2 25 4.4 9.4 0.9 4.8 6.2 18.3 24.0 6.0 3.7 13.8 4.6 35 16.2 18.6 1.9 2.9 5.8 18.2 24.1 5.0 4.1 14.1 5.0 45 32.2 28.8 2.7 2.1 5.8 18.7 24.1 4.3 4.4 14.2 5.3 55 50.3 38.2 3.0 1.7 5.9 19.4 24.1 3.7 4.6 14.3 5.5 65 69.3 47.1 3.3 1.5 6.0 20.4 24.1 3.3 4.7 14.4 5.7 75 0.0 88.4 0.0 0.0 4.8 9.7 24.1 24.1 17.1 4.9 25.5 8.8 21.3 

 Continued

177
C19.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 0.1 1.0 7.3 

15 0 1.5 0.1 2.0 0.1 2.6 7.5 25 63 3.8 0.4 2.0 0.3 4.0 7.9 35 231 7.5 0.8 1.2 0.6 5.1 8.3 45 460 11.7 1.1 0.9 1.0 6.0 8.7 55 719 15.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 6.9 9.0 65 990 19.1 1.4 0.6 1.6 7.6 9.3 75 0 1,263 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.9 9.8 9.5 5.8 0.0 4.5 1.2 7.5 

5 0 0.7 0.1 2.0 3.5 8.9 9.6 4.4 0.6 4.9 1.4 

15 0 1.5 0.1 2.0 2.9 7.8 9.7 3.0 1.2 5.4 1.7 25 63 3.8 0.4 2.0 2.5 7.4 9.7 2.4 1.5 5.6 1.9 35 231 7.5 0.8 1.2 2.4 7.4 9.7 2.0 1.7 5.7 2.0 45 460 11.7 1.1 0.9 2.3 7.6 9.8 1.7 1.8 5.8 2.1 55 719 15.5 1.2 0.7 2.4 7.9 9.8 1.5 1.9 5.8 2.2 65 990 19.1 1.4 0.6 2.4 8.2 9.8 1.3 1.9 5.8 2.3 75 0 1,263 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.9 9.8 9.8 6.9 2.0 10.3 3.6 8.6 

178
C20.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for loblollyshortleaf pine stands in the Southeast; volumes are for high productivity sites (growth rate greater than 85 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with high intensity 

management (replanting with genetically improved stock) 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ----- m3/hectare ------ ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare --------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 54.7 5 0.0 11.0 0.7 4.0 0.4 3.2 54.9 

10 47.7 31.9 1.4 3.8 1.2 5.5 55.4 15 146.5 67.4 1.9 3.7 2.5 7.3 56.3 20 244.8 102.3 2.1 3.7 3.8 8.7 57.4 25 0.0 315.2 0.0 0.0 4.1 20.4 12.2 58.7 41.1 0.0 30.3 14.2 22.2 

5 0.0 11.0 0.7 4.0 15.9 6.5 60.2 26.9 5.4 35.2 18.3 

10 47.7 31.9 1.4 3.8 12.9 6.4 61.8 19.1 8.0 37.9 20.7 15 146.5 67.4 1.9 3.7 11.4 7.5 63.3 15.2 9.2 39.3 22.1 20 244.8 102.3 2.1 3.7 10.5 8.7 64.8 13.2 9.6 39.9 23.0 25 0.0 315.2 0.0 0.0 4.1 20.4 12.2 66.2 53.0 9.9 70.6 37.9 27.3 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 22.1 5 0 4.5 0.3 1.6 0.2 1.3 22.2 

10 682 12.9 0.6 1.6 0.5 2.2 22.4 15 2,094 27.3 0.8 1.5 1.0 2.9 22.8 20 3,498 41.4 0.9 1.5 1.5 3.5 23.2 25 0 4,504 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.3 4.9 23.8 16.6 0.0 12.3 5.8 9.0 

5 0 4.5 0.3 1.6 6.4 2.6 24.4 10.9 2.2 14.2 7.4 

10 682 12.9 0.6 1.6 5.2 2.6 25.0 7.7 3.2 15.3 8.4 15 2,094 27.3 0.8 1.5 4.6 3.0 25.6 6.1 3.7 15.9 8.9 20 3,498 41.4 0.9 1.5 4.3 3.5 26.2 5.3 3.9 16.2 9.3 25 0 4,504 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.3 4.9 26.8 21.4 4.0 28.6 15.3 11.0 

179
C21.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-gumcypress stands in the Southeast 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 118.5 5 0.0 6.7 0.7 1.9 0.4 1.1 118.9 

10 9.8 18.8 1.9 1.8 1.2 2.1 120.1 15 19.9 28.3 2.4 1.7 1.8 3.0 121.9 20 32.7 38.0 2.8 1.7 2.4 3.7 124.4 25 45.4 46.8 3.1 1.6 3.0 4.4 127.2 30 58.1 54.0 3.4 1.6 3.4 5.0 130.5 35 73.4 62.3 3.6 1.6 4.0 5.5 133.8 40 92.2 71.9 3.9 1.6 4.6 6.0 137.2 45 110.7 80.9 4.2 1.6 5.1 6.4 140.4 50 0.0 128.1 0.0 0.0 1.8 10.2 6.0 143.5 14.5 0.0 15.5 6.0 53.4 

5 0.0 6.7 0.7 1.9 6.2 2.4 146.2 9.4 2.1 17.0 7.5 

10 9.8 18.8 1.9 1.8 4.5 2.4 148.7 6.6 3.1 17.8 8.4 15 19.9 28.3 2.4 1.7 3.7 3.0 150.7 5.2 3.6 18.3 8.9 20 32.7 38.0 2.8 1.7 3.5 3.8 152.4 4.4 3.8 18.5 9.3 25 45.4 46.8 3.1 1.6 3.6 4.4 153.8 3.9 3.9 18.7 9.5 30 58.1 54.0 3.4 1.6 3.8 5.0 155.0 3.5 4.0 18.8 9.7 35 73.4 62.3 3.6 1.6 4.2 5.5 155.8 3.2 4.0 18.8 9.9 40 92.2 71.9 3.9 1.6 4.7 6.0 156.5 3.0 4.1 18.9 10.0 45 110.7 80.9 4.2 1.6 5.2 6.4 156.9 2.8 4.1 18.9 10.2 50 0.0 128.1 0.0 0.0 1.8 10.2 6.0 157.3 17.0 4.2 34.4 16.3 53.4 

 Continued

180
C21.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre -------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 48.0 5 0 2.7 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.5 48.1 

10 140 7.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.9 48.6 15 284 11.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.2 49.3 20 467 15.4 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.5 50.3 25 649 18.9 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.8 51.5 30 830 21.9 1.4 0.7 1.4 2.0 52.8 35 1,049 25.2 1.5 0.6 1.6 2.2 54.2 40 1,318 29.1 1.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 55.5 45 1,582 32.7 1.7 0.6 2.1 2.6 56.8 50 0 1,830 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.1 2.4 58.1 5.9 0.0 6.3 2.4 21.6 

5 0 2.7 0.3 0.8 2.5 1.0 59.2 3.8 0.8 6.9 3.0 

10 140 7.6 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.0 60.2 2.7 1.3 7.2 3.4 15 284 11.5 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.2 61.0 2.1 1.4 7.4 3.6 20 467 15.4 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.5 61.7 1.8 1.5 7.5 3.7 25 649 18.9 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.8 62.3 1.6 1.6 7.6 3.8 30 830 21.9 1.4 0.7 1.5 2.0 62.7 1.4 1.6 7.6 3.9 35 1,049 25.2 1.5 0.6 1.7 2.2 63.1 1.3 1.6 7.6 4.0 40 1,318 29.1 1.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 63.3 1.2 1.6 7.6 4.1 45 1,582 32.7 1.7 0.6 2.1 2.6 63.5 1.1 1.7 7.7 4.1 50 0 1,830 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.1 2.4 63.7 6.9 1.7 13.9 6.6 21.6 

181
C22.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-hickory 

stands in the Southeast 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ----- m3/hectare ------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 33.9 5 0.0 8.1 0.8 4.2 0.5 1.1 34.1 

10 11.7 21.0 2.1 3.8 1.2 2.1 34.4 15 21.2 30.3 2.5 3.5 1.8 3.0 34.9 20 33.8 40.0 2.8 3.3 2.4 3.7 35.6 25 46.6 49.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 4.4 36.4 30 60.2 57.5 3.2 3.1 3.4 5.0 37.4 35 76.3 66.6 3.4 3.0 4.0 5.5 38.3 40 94.3 76.2 3.6 2.9 4.5 6.0 39.3 45 114.1 86.4 3.8 2.9 5.1 6.4 40.2 50 0.0 133.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 10.8 6.0 41.1 15.7 0.0 17.9 6.8 53.7 

5 0.0 8.1 0.8 4.2 6.7 2.4 41.9 10.1 2.3 19.5 8.5 

10 11.7 21.0 2.1 3.8 4.8 2.4 42.6 7.0 3.5 20.5 9.4 15 21.2 30.3 2.5 3.5 3.8 3.0 43.2 5.4 4.0 21.0 10.0 20 33.8 40.0 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.8 43.7 4.6 4.3 21.2 10.4 25 46.6 49.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.4 44.1 4.0 4.4 21.4 10.6 30 60.2 57.5 3.2 3.1 3.8 5.0 44.4 3.6 4.5 21.5 10.9 35 76.3 66.6 3.4 3.0 4.2 5.5 44.6 3.3 4.5 21.6 11.1 40 94.3 76.2 3.6 2.9 4.6 6.0 44.8 3.0 4.6 21.6 11.2 45 114.1 86.4 3.8 2.9 5.2 6.4 44.9 2.8 4.6 21.7 11.4 50 0.0 133.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 10.8 6.0 45.0 18.2 4.6 39.6 18.3 53.7 

Continued 

182
C22.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ ft3/acre ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 13.7 5 0 3.3 0.3 1.7 0.2 0.5 13.8 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.9 13.9 15 303 12.3 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.2 14.1 20 483 16.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.5 14.4 25 666 20.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.8 14.7 30 860 23.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.0 15.1 35 1,091 26.9 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.2 15.5 40 1,348 30.8 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.4 15.9 45 1,630 35.0 1.5 1.2 2.1 2.6 16.3 50 0 1,901 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.4 2.4 16.6 6.3 0.0 7.3 2.8 21.7 

5 0 3.3 0.3 1.7 2.7 1.0 16.9 4.1 0.9 7.9 3.4 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.5 1.9 1.0 17.2 2.8 1.4 8.3 3.8 15 303 12.3 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.2 17.5 2.2 1.6 8.5 4.1 20 483 16.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 17.7 1.9 1.7 8.6 4.2 25 666 20.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 17.8 1.6 1.8 8.6 4.3 30 860 23.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.0 18.0 1.5 1.8 8.7 4.4 35 1,091 26.9 1.4 1.2 1.7 2.2 18.1 1.3 1.8 8.7 4.5 40 1,348 30.8 1.5 1.2 1.9 2.4 18.1 1.2 1.8 8.8 4.5 45 1,630 35.0 1.5 1.2 2.1 2.6 18.2 1.1 1.9 8.8 4.6 50 0 1,901 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.4 2.4 18.2 7.4 1.9 16.0 7.4 21.7 

183
C23.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-pine 

stands in the Southeast 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ----- m3/hectare ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ tonnes carbon/hectare -----------------------------------------------------------

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 46.1 5 0.0 7.4 0.6 4.1 0.5 3.1 46.2 

10 13.6 19.6 1.2 3.6 1.2 5.1 46.7 15 27.8 29.3 1.6 3.5 1.9 6.6 47.4 20 43.9 39.0 1.9 3.4 2.5 7.7 48.3 25 59.3 46.8 2.1 3.3 3.0 8.5 49.5 30 77.2 55.4 2.3 3.2 3.5 9.2 50.7 35 96.8 64.4 2.5 3.2 4.1 9.8 52.0 40 117.2 73.4 2.7 3.1 4.7 10.2 53.3 45 136.4 81.6 2.8 3.1 5.2 10.6 54.6 50 0.0 154.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.3 10.3 55.8 19.5 0.0 17.6 7.2 41.4 

5 0.0 7.4 0.6 4.1 9.0 5.8 56.8 13.0 2.6 19.6 9.1 

10 13.6 19.6 1.2 3.6 7.7 5.9 57.8 9.4 3.9 20.8 10.2 15 27.8 29.3 1.6 3.5 6.7 6.8 58.6 7.6 4.5 21.4 10.9 20 43.9 39.0 1.9 3.4 6.2 7.7 59.2 6.5 4.8 21.7 11.3 25 59.3 46.8 2.1 3.3 5.8 8.6 59.8 5.9 5.0 21.9 11.6 30 77.2 55.4 2.3 3.2 5.6 9.2 60.2 5.3 5.1 22.0 11.9 35 96.8 64.4 2.5 3.2 5.7 9.8 60.6 4.9 5.2 22.1 12.1 40 117.2 73.4 2.7 3.1 5.9 10.2 60.8 4.5 5.3 22.2 12.3 45 136.4 81.6 2.8 3.1 6.1 10.6 61.0 4.2 5.3 22.2 12.5 50 0.0 154.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.3 10.3 61.1 23.5 5.4 39.9 19.9 42.1 

Continued 

184
C23.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ ft3/acre ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 18.6 5 0 3.0 0.3 1.7 0.2 1.2 18.7 

10 195 7.9 0.5 1.5 0.5 2.1 18.9 15 397 11.9 0.6 1.4 0.8 2.7 19.2 20 628 15.8 0.8 1.4 1.0 3.1 19.6 25 848 19.0 0.8 1.3 1.2 3.5 20.0 30 1,104 22.4 0.9 1.3 1.4 3.7 20.5 35 1,384 26.1 1.0 1.3 1.7 4.0 21.0 40 1,675 29.7 1.1 1.3 1.9 4.1 21.6 45 1,950 33.0 1.1 1.2 2.1 4.3 22.1 50 0 2,202 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.6 4.2 22.6 7.9 0.0 7.1 2.9 16.8 

5 0 3.0 0.3 1.7 3.6 2.4 23.0 5.3 1.0 7.9 3.7 

10 195 7.9 0.5 1.5 3.1 2.4 23.4 3.8 1.6 8.4 4.1 15 397 11.9 0.6 1.4 2.7 2.7 23.7 3.1 1.8 8.7 4.4 20 628 15.8 0.8 1.4 2.5 3.1 24.0 2.6 1.9 8.8 4.6 25 848 19.0 0.8 1.3 2.3 3.5 24.2 2.4 2.0 8.9 4.7 30 1,104 22.4 0.9 1.3 2.3 3.7 24.4 2.2 2.1 8.9 4.8 35 1,384 26.1 1.0 1.3 2.3 4.0 24.5 2.0 2.1 8.9 4.9 40 1,675 29.7 1.1 1.3 2.4 4.1 24.6 1.8 2.1 9.0 5.0 45 1,950 33.0 1.1 1.2 2.5 4.3 24.7 1.7 2.2 9.0 5.1 50 0 2,202 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.6 4.2 24.7 9.5 2.2 16.1 8.1 17.0 

185
C24.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for loblollyshortleaf pine stands in the South Central; volumes are for high-productivity sites (growth rate greater than 120 cubic feet wood/acre/year) with highintensity management (replanting with genetically improved stock) 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ----- m3/hectare ------- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 31.4 5 0.0 10.8 0.4 4.1 0.4 3.2 31.5 

10 47.7 34.2 0.9 3.9 1.3 5.5 31.8 15 146.5 68.7 1.0 3.8 2.7 7.3 32.3 20 244.8 99.2 1.1 3.7 3.8 8.7 33.0 25 0.0 315.2 0.0 0.0 4.1 20.4 12.2 33.7 39.7 0.0 27.3 15.0 18.8 

5 0.0 10.8 0.4 4.1 15.8 6.5 34.6 27.1 4.9 31.4 18.7 

10 47.7 34.2 0.9 3.9 13.0 6.4 35.5 20.1 7.4 33.8 20.9 15 146.5 68.7 1.0 3.8 11.5 7.5 36.4 16.4 8.5 34.9 22.2 20 244.8 99.2 1.1 3.7 10.5 8.7 37.2 14.5 9.1 35.5 23.0 25 0.0 315.2 0.0 0.0 4.1 20.4 12.2 38.0 52.8 9.4 63.2 38.7 23.8 

years ------ ft3/acre -------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 12.7 5 0 4.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 1.3 12.8 

10 682 13.8 0.3 1.6 0.5 2.2 12.9 15 2,094 27.8 0.4 1.5 1.1 2.9 13.1 20 3,498 40.1 0.4 1.5 1.6 3.5 13.3 25 0 4,504 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.2 4.9 13.7 16.1 0.0 11.1 6.1 7.6 

5 0 4.4 0.2 1.6 6.4 2.6 14.0 11.0 2.0 12.7 7.6 

10 682 13.8 0.3 1.6 5.2 2.6 14.4 8.1 3.0 13.7 8.4 15 2,094 27.8 0.4 1.5 4.6 3.0 14.7 6.7 3.4 14.1 9.0 20 3,498 40.1 0.4 1.5 4.2 3.5 15.1 5.9 3.7 14.4 9.3 25 0 4,504 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.2 4.9 15.4 21.4 3.8 25.6 15.7 9.6 

186
C25.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-gumcypress stands in the South Central 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- m3/hectare ----- ----------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare ---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 39.6 5 0.0 5.4 0.5 2.1 0.3 1.1 39.7 

10 9.8 17.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 2.1 40.1 15 19.9 28.4 2.8 1.7 1.8 3.0 40.7 20 32.7 39.3 3.2 1.7 2.5 3.7 41.5 25 45.4 48.8 3.4 1.6 3.1 4.4 42.5 30 58.1 57.2 3.5 1.6 3.6 5.0 43.6 35 73.4 66.9 3.6 1.6 4.2 5.5 44.7 40 92.2 76.9 3.7 1.6 4.9 6.0 45.8 45 110.7 86.1 3.7 1.5 5.4 6.4 46.9 50 0.0 128.1 0.0 0.0 1.8 10.8 6.0 47.9 14.5 0.0 16.0 6.5 57.0 

5 0.0 5.4 0.5 2.1 6.5 2.4 48.8 9.4 2.1 17.5 7.9 

10 9.8 17.8 1.8 1.8 4.6 2.4 49.7 6.6 3.2 18.3 8.8 15 19.9 28.4 2.8 1.7 3.8 3.0 50.3 5.2 3.7 18.8 9.3 20 32.7 39.3 3.2 1.7 3.6 3.8 50.9 4.4 3.9 19.0 9.7 25 45.4 48.8 3.4 1.6 3.7 4.4 51.4 3.9 4.0 19.2 9.9 30 58.1 57.2 3.5 1.6 4.0 5.0 51.8 3.5 4.1 19.3 10.1 35 73.4 66.9 3.6 1.6 4.4 5.5 52.0 3.2 4.1 19.3 10.3 40 92.2 76.9 3.7 1.6 5.0 6.0 52.3 2.9 4.2 19.4 10.4 45 110.7 86.1 3.7 1.5 5.5 6.4 52.4 2.7 4.2 19.4 10.6 50 0.0 128.1 0.0 0.0 1.8 10.8 6.0 52.5 17.0 4.3 35.5 17.2 57.0 

Continued 

187
C25.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ ft3/acre --------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 16.0 5 0 2.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.5 16.1 

10 140 7.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.9 16.2 15 284 11.5 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.2 16.5 20 467 15.9 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.5 16.8 25 649 19.7 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.8 17.2 30 830 23.1 1.4 0.7 1.5 2.0 17.6 35 1,049 27.1 1.4 0.6 1.7 2.2 18.1 40 1,318 31.1 1.5 0.6 2.0 2.4 18.5 45 1,582 34.9 1.5 0.6 2.2 2.6 19.0 50 0 1,830 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.4 2.4 19.4 5.9 0.0 6.5 2.6 23.1 

5 0 2.2 0.2 0.8 2.6 1.0 19.8 3.8 0.8 7.1 3.2 

10 140 7.2 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.0 20.1 2.7 1.3 7.4 3.6 15 284 11.5 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.2 20.4 2.1 1.5 7.6 3.8 20 467 15.9 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.5 20.6 1.8 1.6 7.7 3.9 25 649 19.7 1.4 0.7 1.5 1.8 20.8 1.6 1.6 7.8 4.0 30 830 23.1 1.4 0.7 1.6 2.0 20.9 1.4 1.7 7.8 4.1 35 1,049 27.1 1.4 0.6 1.8 2.2 21.1 1.3 1.7 7.8 4.2 40 1,318 31.1 1.5 0.6 2.0 2.4 21.1 1.2 1.7 7.9 4.2 45 1,582 34.9 1.5 0.6 2.2 2.6 21.2 1.1 1.7 7.9 4.3 50 0 1,830 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.4 2.4 21.3 6.9 1.7 14.4 7.0 23.1 

188
C26.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-hickory 

stands in the South Central 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 29.0 5 0.0 9.7 0.9 4.7 0.6 1.1 29.1 

10 11.7 20.9 1.9 4.0 1.4 2.1 29.4 15 21.2 30.1 2.1 3.6 2.0 3.0 29.8 20 33.8 39.5 2.3 3.4 2.6 3.7 30.4 25 46.6 48.2 2.4 3.3 3.2 4.4 31.1 30 60.2 56.6 2.6 3.1 3.8 5.0 31.9 35 76.3 65.6 2.7 3.0 4.4 5.5 32.7 40 94.3 76.2 2.8 2.9 5.1 6.0 33.5 45 114.1 85.7 2.9 2.8 5.7 6.4 34.3 50 0.0 133.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.7 6.0 35.1 16.0 0.0 18.9 7.5 49.5 

5 0.0 9.7 0.9 4.7 7.3 2.4 35.8 10.0 2.4 20.6 9.2 

10 11.7 20.9 1.9 4.0 5.2 2.4 36.4 6.8 3.6 21.6 10.3 15 21.2 30.1 2.1 3.6 4.2 3.0 36.9 5.2 4.1 22.1 10.9 20 33.8 39.5 2.3 3.4 3.9 3.8 37.3 4.4 4.3 22.4 11.2 25 46.6 48.2 2.4 3.3 3.9 4.4 37.6 3.8 4.4 22.5 11.5 30 60.2 56.6 2.6 3.1 4.2 5.0 37.9 3.4 4.4 22.7 11.7 35 76.3 65.6 2.7 3.0 4.6 5.5 38.1 3.1 4.5 22.7 11.9 40 94.3 76.2 2.8 2.9 5.2 6.0 38.3 2.9 4.5 22.8 12.1 45 114.1 85.7 2.9 2.8 5.8 6.4 38.4 2.7 4.5 22.8 12.3 50 0.0 133.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.7 6.0 38.5 18.4 4.6 41.8 19.8 49.5 

Continued 

189
C26.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre --------- ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 11.7 5 0 3.9 0.4 1.9 0.3 0.5 11.8 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.6 0.6 0.9 11.9 15 303 12.2 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.2 12.1 20 483 16.0 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.5 12.3 25 666 19.5 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 12.6 30 860 22.9 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.0 12.9 35 1,091 26.6 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.2 13.2 40 1,348 30.8 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.4 13.6 45 1,630 34.7 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.6 13.9 50 0 1,901 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.7 2.4 14.2 6.5 0.0 7.6 3.0 20.0 

5 0 3.9 0.4 1.9 2.9 1.0 14.5 4.1 1.0 8.3 3.7 

10 167 8.5 0.8 1.6 2.1 1.0 14.7 2.8 1.4 8.8 4.2 15 303 12.2 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.2 14.9 2.1 1.7 9.0 4.4 20 483 16.0 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 15.1 1.8 1.7 9.1 4.6 25 666 19.5 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 15.2 1.6 1.8 9.1 4.7 30 860 22.9 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.0 15.3 1.4 1.8 9.2 4.8 35 1,091 26.6 1.1 1.2 1.9 2.2 15.4 1.3 1.8 9.2 4.8 40 1,348 30.8 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.4 15.5 1.2 1.8 9.2 4.9 45 1,630 34.7 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.6 15.5 1.1 1.8 9.2 5.0 50 0 1,901 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.7 2.4 15.6 7.5 1.9 16.9 8.0 20.0 

190
C27.— Regional estimates of timber volume, carbon stocks, and carbon in harvested wood products on forest land after clearcut harvest for oak-pine 

stands in the South Central 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------ m3/hectare ------ ---------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/hectare---------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 31.3 5 0.0 8.7 0.7 4.4 0.6 3.1 31.4 

10 13.6 21.4 1.4 3.7 1.5 5.1 31.7 15 27.8 31.9 1.7 3.5 2.3 6.6 32.2 20 43.9 41.8 2.0 3.3 3.0 7.7 32.8 25 59.3 50.9 2.2 3.2 3.7 8.5 33.6 30 77.2 59.2 2.5 3.1 4.3 9.2 34.4 35 96.8 67.9 2.6 3.0 4.9 9.8 35.3 40 117.2 76.5 2.8 2.9 5.5 10.2 36.2 45 136.4 84.4 3.0 2.9 6.1 10.6 37.0 50 0.0 154.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 12.4 10.3 37.9 19.7 0.0 17.4 8.2 42.8 

5 0.0 8.7 0.7 4.4 10.0 5.8 38.6 13.2 2.6 19.4 10.1 

10 13.6 21.4 1.4 3.7 8.6 5.9 39.2 9.6 3.9 20.6 11.3 15 27.8 31.9 1.7 3.5 7.7 6.8 39.8 7.7 4.5 21.2 11.9 20 43.9 41.8 2.0 3.3 7.1 7.7 40.2 6.7 4.8 21.5 12.4 25 59.3 50.9 2.2 3.2 6.7 8.6 40.6 6.0 4.9 21.6 12.7 30 77.2 59.2 2.5 3.1 6.6 9.2 40.9 5.5 5.0 21.8 13.0 35 96.8 67.9 2.6 3.0 6.7 9.8 41.1 5.1 5.1 21.9 13.2 40 117.2 76.5 2.8 2.9 6.9 10.2 41.3 4.7 5.2 21.9 13.4 45 136.4 84.4 3.0 2.9 7.1 10.6 41.4 4.4 5.3 22.0 13.6 50 0.0 154.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 12.4 10.3 41.5 23.8 5.4 39.4 22.0 43.6 

Continued 

191
C27.—Continued 

 Mean volume Mean carbon density 

Age Inventory Harvested 

Live 

tree 

Standing 

dead tree 

Understory 

Down 

dead 

wood 

Forest 

floor 

Soil 

organic 

Products 

in use 

In 

landfills 

Emitted 

with 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

without 

energy 

capture 

Emitted 

at 

harvest 

years ------- ft3/acre --------- --------------------------------------------------------- tonnes carbon/acre ------------------------------------------------------------- 

0 0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 12.7 5 0 3.5 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.2 12.7 

10 195 8.6 0.6 1.5 0.6 2.1 12.8 15 397 12.9 0.7 1.4 0.9 2.7 13.0 20 628 16.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 3.1 13.3 25 848 20.6 0.9 1.3 1.5 3.5 13.6 30 1,104 24.0 1.0 1.2 1.7 3.7 13.9 35 1,384 27.5 1.1 1.2 2.0 4.0 14.3 40 1,675 31.0 1.1 1.2 2.2 4.1 14.6 45 1,950 34.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 4.3 15.0 50 0 2,202 0.0 0.0 1.7 5.0 4.2 15.3 8.0 0.0 7.0 3.3 17.3 

5 0 3.5 0.3 1.8 4.0 2.4 15.6 5.3 1.0 7.9 4.1 

10 195 8.6 0.6 1.5 3.5 2.4 15.9 3.9 1.6 8.3 4.6 15 397 12.9 0.7 1.4 3.1 2.7 16.1 3.1 1.8 8.6 4.8 20 628 16.9 0.8 1.3 2.9 3.1 16.3 2.7 1.9 8.7 5.0 25 848 20.6 0.9 1.3 2.7 3.5 16.4 2.4 2.0 8.8 5.1 30 1,104 24.0 1.0 1.2 2.7 3.7 16.5 2.2 2.0 8.8 5.3 35 1,384 27.5 1.1 1.2 2.7 4.0 16.6 2.1 2.1 8.8 5.4 40 1,675 31.0 1.1 1.2 2.8 4.1 16.7 1.9 2.1 8.9 5.4 45 1,950 34.2 1.2 1.2 2.9 4.3 16.8 1.8 2.1 8.9 5.5 50 0 2,202 0.0 0.0 1.7 5.0 4.2 16.8 9.6 2.2 16.0 8.9 17.6 

192
193

Appendix D

Detailed Information on Development and Use of Tables for Calculating Carbon in Harvested 

Wood Products (Tables 4 through 9)

This appendix features detailed information on the source of coeffi cients for Tables 4 through 9. This 

will help users in adapting carbon calculations to specifi c needs. Information is organized by the three 

starting points: primary wood products (Tables D1 through D5), industrial roundwood (principally 

Tables D6 and D7), and forest ecosystems (principally Tables D8 through D12).

The choice of starting points depends on the available wood products information. For example, 

a landowner may want to know potential carbon sequestration for a given area of forest. This is 

addressed by the principally land-based estimate that starts from a measure of trees in a forest, 

specifi cally growing-stock volume. Alternatively, a measure of wood removed at harvest, such 

as logs transported to mills for processing, volume or mass of industrial roundwood, is another 

starting point. Finally, a starting point with relatively precise information is based on quantities of 

primary wood products. These latter two starting points can be considered product-based. Data on 

roundwood and primary products are often available as State-level or regional statistics.

The methods for these three starting points will result in identical core results, if consistent data 

are available corresponding to the starting points. This is because estimates of the disposition—or 

fate—of carbon in products over time are based on likely uses and longevity of primary wood 

products. Thus, the data and assumptions on primary wood products serve as the model for the 

disposition of carbon over time. These data and assumptions are discussed below in the section on 

primary wood products. All additional calculations associated with the other two starting points 

(industrial roundwood or forest ecosystem) are based on linking inputs to the disposition of these 

primary wood products. If industrial roundwood is the starting point, or input quantity, then the 

disposition of carbon is calculated by linking carbon in roundwood to the separate primary wood 

product classifi cations. Similarly, volume of merchantable wood in forests is linked to quantities of 

roundwood before calculating the disposition of carbon over time. These links can include some 

additional output estimates which are not associated with all three starting points, such as the fraction 

of emitted carbon associated with energy recapture. Data and assumptions used to link the different 

inputs to a common quantity of harvested wood are presented below in the section on industrial 

roundwood and the section on forest ecosystem.

Primary Wood Products

Primary wood products are the initial results of processing at mills; examples of primary products 

include lumber, panels, and paper. These primary products are usually incorporated into end-use 

products with the long-term disposition of carbon classifi ed as remaining in use, in landfi lls, or 

emitted to the atmosphere following burning or decomposition. Calculations are in three parts: 1) 

converting quantity of primary product to quantity of carbon, 2) determining the fraction of carbon 

in primary product in use as a function of time since production, and 3) determining the fraction of 

carbon in primary product in landfi lls as a function of time since production. These steps correspond 

to Tables 7, 8, and 9, respectively. Total carbon emissions to the atmosphere for a given year are the 

difference between the initial quantity of carbon in primary wood products and the sum of carbon in 

use or in landfi lls.
194

Carbon in primary wood products is based on conversion factors in Table 7, which were computed 

using data in Table D1. Specifi c carbon content of wood fi ber in solid wood products (those in Table 

D1) is 50 percent, and the carbon content of air dry weight paper is 45 percent. Table D1 includes 

factors to convert the customary units used for each primary product to a standard mass and volume 

for calculating carbon mass of the wood fi bers. 

The fractions of primary wood products remaining in use for a given number of years after 

production in Table 8 were developed by fi rst allocating the primary product to a number of end-uses 

and then determining the fraction remaining in each end use over time. The allocation of primary 

products to end uses is presented in Table D2. The fraction remaining in use over time is determined 

using fi rst-order decay functions and the half-lives presented in Table D3. The fraction of primary 

products (and thus the fraction of carbon) remaining in use can be calculated by the following:

[Equation D1]

Fraction of carbon in solid wood products remaining in use in year n 

= (fraction used in single family houses) × e (- n × ln(2)/ half-life for sf houses)

+ (fraction used in multifamily houses) × e (- n×ln(2)/ half-life for mf houses)

+ (fraction used in mobile homes) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life mobile homes)

+ (fraction used in repair and alteration) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life repair)

+ (fraction used in nonresidential except railroads) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life non res ex rr)

+ (fraction used in railroad ties) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life rr ties)

+ (fraction used in railroad cars) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life rr cars)

+ (fraction used in household furniture) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life hh furn)

+ (fraction used in commercial furniture) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life com furn)

+ (fraction used in other manufacturing) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life oth manf)

+ (fraction used in wood containers) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life wood cont)

+ (fraction used in pallets) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life pallets)

+ (fraction used in dunnage) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life dunnage)

+ (fraction used in other uses) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life other uses)

+ (fraction used in exports) × e (– n×ln(2)/ half-life exports)

[Equation D2]

Fraction of paper products remaining in use in year n

= e (- n×ln(2)/ half-life for paper)

The fractions of paper in use, as provided in Table 8, are based on Equation D2 and the assumption 

that some paper is recycled. To include the effects of recycling in these calculations, the following 

general assumptions are necessary: an average half-life of paper products, a rate of paper recovery 

and recycling, and the effi ciency of reuse of paper fi bers (Skog and Nicholson 1998, Row and Phelps 

1996). We use a half-life of 2.6 years, a paper recovery rate of 0.48, and an effi ciency of reuse of 

0.70.5

The difference between a fraction of paper in use calculated by Equation D2 for a particular year 

and the fraction from the previous year represents the amount of paper discarded during that year. 

5

Klungness, J. 2005. Personal communication.Chemical Engineer, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, 

One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398. 
195

We assume that 48 percent of the discarded paper is recycled and 70 percent of the fi bers in recycled 

paper are recovered and incorporated into new paper products. This represents a net recovery of 

33.6 percent of fi bers from discarded paper. The fraction of these recycled fi bers remaining in use 

in subsequent years also is determined according to Equation D2. This sequence of calculations can 

be repeated for the fraction of paper discarded each year. Thus, the summed remaining fractions of 

the original paper and all subsequently recycled fractions are included in Table 8. All these successive 

calculations pertain to the original paper fi bers produced from wood at the beginning of the fi rst 

year, yet none of the fi ber from the original paper production is expected to remain in paper products 

beyond fi ve rounds of recycling.5

 Therefore, the estimates provided in Table 8 are based on fi ve 

rounds of recycling, because beyond this point the effects of additional rounds are negligible. Thus, 

each fi ber has the potential to be included in the recycling process up to fi ve times. However, if the 

fi ber is in the 66.4 percent (1- 0.336) of discarded paper that is lost during recycling, there is no 

potential for additional recycling because it is no longer in the system.

The fractions of primary wood product remaining in landfi lls for a given number of years after 

production in Table 9 were developed by determining the fraction discarded to landfi lls each year and 

then determining the part of those fractions remaining in landfi lls over subsequent years. Thus, Table 

9 is based on years since production but accounts for both rate of disposal to landfi lls and cumulative 

effect of residence times in landfi lls. Allocation to landfi lls occurs in two parts: 1) the fraction 

discarded at year n after production is the difference in the in-use fractions between two successive 

years from Table 8, that is, fraction at year n minus fraction at year n-1; and 2) the part of the 

discarded fraction that is placed in landfi lls is determined by fractions in Table D4 (the fractions for 

the year 2002). The fraction going to landfi lls is further divided into nondegradable and degradable 

pools, which are supplied in Table D5. The nondegradable pool is sequestered permanently. The 

fraction of the degradable pool remaining in subsequent years is determined by fi rst-order decay, that 

is, fraction remaining=exp(-years×ln(2)/half-life), and the half-life is shown in Table D5.

Example calculations and applications of selected factors in Tables 7, 8, and 9—disposition 

from primary wood products

This set of example calculations determines the disposition of carbon in a primary wood product at 

3 and 100 years after production. The product for this example is 320,000 ft2

 of 3⁄8-inch softwood 

plywood. These calculations are possible with factors from Tables 7, 8, and 9, but this example 

illustrates the foundation for those factors by using Tables D1 through D5. Note that some of these 

calculations are spreadsheet-intensive, so we show only enough work to illustrate the basic process.

Specifi cally, we calculate:

1) Initial quantity of carbon in the primary wood product (Table D1, used to make Table 7)

2) Amount of this carbon in single-family houses at years 3 and 100 (Equation D1 and Tables 

D2 and D3; this is an applications example)

3) Amount of this carbon in use in all end-use products at years 3 and 100 (Equation D1 and 

Tables D2 and D3; resulting fractions presented in Table 8)

4) Amount of this carbon in landfi lls from all end-use products at years 3 and 100 (Tables 8, 

D4, and D5; resulting fractions presented in Table 9)
196

Part 1: Initial quantity of carbon, from Table D1:

320,000 ft2

 × 31.25 ft3/1,000 ft2 × 35.0 lb/ft2 × 0.95 = 332,500 lb of wood fi ber

332,500 lb × 0.5 × (1 short ton / 2000 lb) = 83.13 tons of carbon

332,500 lb × 0.5 × (1 metric ton / 2204.62 lb) = 75.41 t of carbon

Note this is the only table that includes non-metric units.

Part 2: Amount of softwood plywood carbon in single-family houses at years 3 and 100, from 

Equation D1 and Tables D2 and D3:

In single-family houses at 3 years 

= 75.41 × 0.334 × exp(-3×ln(2)/100) = 24.67 t 

In single-family houses at 100 years 

= 75.41 × 0.334 × exp(-100×ln(2)/100) = 12.59 t 

Part 3: Amount of softwood plywood carbon in use in all end-use products at years 3 and 100, from 

Equation D1 and Tables D2 and D3:

Amount of carbon in use at 3 years (showing the 15 terms from Equation D1)

= 75.41 × (0.327 + 0.032 + 0.029 + 0.227 + 0.087 + 0.000 + 0.001 + 0.043 + 0.047 + 0.070 

+ 0.006 + 0.018 + 0.000 + 0.008 + 0.036) = 75.41 × 0.930 = 70.1 t 

Amount of carbon in use at 100 years (showing the 15 terms from Equation D1)

= 75.41 × (0.167 + 0.012 + 0.000 + 0.024 + 0.032 + 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.005 + 0.005 + 0.000 

+ 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.000) = 75.41 × 0.245 = 18.5 t 

Note that the sum of terms from equation D1 is the fraction remaining in use at the end of 

a given year. These fractions are calculated and provided in Table 8, for example the fractions 

0.930 and 0.245, which are for years 3 and 100, respectively.

Part 4: Amount of carbon in landfi lls from all end-use products at years 3 and 100, from Tables 8, 

D4, and D5:

Note that the amount of carbon in landfi lls at the end of year 3 is a sum from material 

discarded in each of the years, that is: from year 1, the nondegradable fraction of carbon 

discarded in year 1 plus the remaining part of the degradable fraction after two years of 

decay; from year 2, the nondegradable fraction of carbon discarded in year 2 plus the 

remaining part of the degradable fraction after one year of decay; and from year 3, the carbon 

discarded to landfi lls in year 3.

Coeffi cients from Table 8 are necessary because the amount discarded each year is based on 

the difference between the amounts in use at the start and end of each year. By multiplying 

75.41 by the fi rst four softwood plywood coeffi cients in Table 8, we obtain in-use stocks 

of 75.41, 73.60, 71.79, and 70.13 t carbon, which represent the time of processing (the 

beginning of year 1) and the ends of years 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Nondegradable fraction from year 1 

= (75.41-73.60) × 0.67 × 0.77 = 0.9337 t
197

Degradable fraction from year 1 remaining at year 3

= (75.41-73.60) × 0.67 × (1-0.77) × exp(-2×ln(2)/14) = 0.2526 t

Nondegradable fraction from year 2 

= (73.60-71.79) × 0.67 × 0.77 = 0.9337 t

Degradable fraction from year 2 remaining at year 3

= (73.60-71.79) × 0.67 × (1-0.77) × exp(-1×ln(2)/14) = 0.2654 t

Nondegradable fraction from year 3 

= (71.79-70.13) × 0.67 × 0.77 = 0.8559 t

Degradable fraction from year 3 remaining at year 3

= (71.79-70.13) × 0.67 × (1-0.77) × exp(-0×ln(2)/14) = 0.2557 t

Thus, total carbon in landfi lls at the end of the third year = 3.5 t.

Note that the fraction of softwood plywood in landfi lls at the end of year 3 in Table 9 can be 

determined from the previous series of calculations by changing the fi rst factor in each line 

to represent the relative amount discarded each year rather than the absolute amount. The 

calculations are:

Nondegradable fraction from year 1

= (1-0.976) × 0.67 × 0.77 = 0.0124

Degradable fraction from year 1 remaining at year 3 

= (1-0.976) × 0.67 × (1-0.77) × exp(-2×ln(2)/14) = 0.0034

Nondegradable fraction from year 2 

= (0.976-0.952) × 0.67 × 0.77 = 0.0124

Degradable fraction from year 2 remaining at year 3 

= (0.976-0.952) × 0.67 × (1-0.77) × exp(-1×ln(2)/14) = 0.0035

Nondegradable fraction from year 3 

= (0.952-0.930) × 0.67 × 0.77 = 0.0114

Degradable fraction from year 3 remaining at year 3 

= (0.952-0.930) × 0.67 × (1-0.77) × exp(-0×ln(2)/14) = 0.0034

Thus, total fraction in landfi lls at year the end of the third year = 0.047. The difference 

between this value and the 0.046 in Table 9 is due to rounding. 

Net fl ux of carbon to landfi lls at year 3 is the difference between the previous values and 

similar calculations for year 2, or more simply from Table 9:

75.41 × (0.046 - 0.032) = 1.06 t in year 3

A similar series of calculations can be repeated for year 100, or more simply from Tables 8 

and 9: the amount of carbon in landfi lls at 100 years = 75.41 × 0.400 = 3.2 t, and the fl ux of 

carbon in landfi lls at 100 years = 75.41 × (0.400-0.394)/5 = 0.09 t in year 100.
198

Industrial Roundwood 

Industrial roundwood is basically harvested logs brought to mills for processing. Roundwood, as used 

here, refers to wood that is processed to primary wood products; it excludes bark or roundwood that 

is identifi ed as fuelwood. Input values for calculations from this starting point are carbon mass of 

roundwood logs grouped by categories defi ned for Table 6. The links between these inputs and the 

disposition of carbon in primary wood products are the allocation patterns described in Tables D6 

and D7. 

Carbon mass of industrial roundwood logs is categorized as softwood or hardwood and saw logs 

or pulpwood. However, if roundwood data are not classifi ed according to type or size of logs, this 

appendix includes factors for distributing roundwood to appropriate categories according to regional 

averages. Additionally, roundwood data in the form of volume of wood can be converted to carbon 

with average values for specifi c gravity of softwood or hardwood species. These factors are included in 

Tables 4 or D8. See additional discussion of their use in the section on Forest Ecosystem.

Average disposition patterns of industrial roundwood carbon by region and roundwood category 

are presented in Table 6. These values were developed from regional average allocation of industrial 

roundwood to primary wood products in Table D6. Disposition of carbon allocated to primary 

wood products then follows the patterns described above by Tables 8 and 9, which allocate carbon to 

in-use or landfi ll classifi cations. The balance of carbon originally in roundwood but no longer in use 

or in landfi lls is emitted to the atmosphere. The fraction emitted to the atmosphere that occurs with 

energy recapture is calculated using Table D7 (Birdsey 1996). These fractions for primary products 

are pooled within regions to allocate industrial roundwood carbon for up to four categories per 

region. These fractional values are displayed in Table 6, which is the resulting net effect of linking 

information in Tables D6, 8, 9, and D7.

Example calculations related to constructing and applying Table 6—disposition from industrial 

roundwood 

This example calculates the disposition of carbon in industrial roundwood. We calculate the 

disposition of carbon at 15 years after harvest and the processing of 10,000 m3

 of hardwood saw 

logs from a maple-beech-birch forest in the Northeast. The example demonstrates the basic set of 

calculations used to develop and apply Table 6. It is limited in scope because factorial combinations 

of year, roundwood categories, and classifi cations for the disposition of carbon in harvested wood 

products can require a sequence of many repeated spreadsheet calculations.

We calculate:

1) Carbon mass based on volume of saw logs

2) The allocation of carbon from saw logs at year 15—the allocation values in Table 6

3) The disposition of carbon—apply the allocation factors from Table 6 to carbon mass from 

step 1

Part 1: The carbon mass of roundwood can be determined using the volume. The product of volume 

of roundwood and specifi c gravity (from Tables 4 or D8) is mass; 50 percent of this is carbon mass. 

Based on specifi c gravity from Table 4, total carbon for this example is:

= 10,000 × 0.518 × 0.5 = 2,590 t
199

Part 2: The allocation of industrial roundwood logs to primary wood products according to region 

and category are provided in Table D6. The fractions of primary products remaining in use or in 

landfi lls at a given year are provided in Tables 8 and 9, respectively. The fraction of emitted carbon 

associated with energy recapture is from Table D7. The calculations for hardwood saw logs from the 

Northeast at 15 years are:

Fraction of carbon in products in use (summed products from Table D6 and Table 8)

= (0 × 0.698) + (0.492 × 0.456) + (0 × 0.724) + (0 × 0.799) + ((0.005 + 0.022) × 0.647)

 + (0.038 × 0.420) + (0.058 × 0.040)

= 0 + 0.224 + 0 + 0 + 0.017 + 0.016 + 0.002 = 0.260

Fraction of carbon in landfi lls (summed products from Table D6 and Table 9)

= (0 × 0.187) + (0.492 × 0.334) + (0 × 0.171) + (0 × 0.124) + ((0.005 + 0.022) × 0.218)

 + (0.038 × 0.357) + (0.058 × 0.253)

= 0 + 0.164 + 0 + 0 + 0.006 + 0.014 + 0.015 = 0.198

Fraction of carbon emitted by year 15 (one minus the fractions in use or in landfi lls) 

= 1 – 0.260 – 0.198 = 0.542

Fraction of carbon emitted with energy recapture (from Table D7)

= 0.542 × 0.6143 × exp(-((15/6812)0.5953)) = 0.324

Fraction of carbon emitted without energy recapture

= 0.542 – 0.324 = 0.218

These fractions allocate the disposition of carbon at year 15 after harvest for hardwood saw 

logs in the Northeast (see Table 6).

Part 3: The application of the factors from Table 6 (calculated in Step 2) to carbon in industrial 

roundwood (calculated in Step 1) determines the disposition of carbon at year 15, which is:

In use = 0.260 × 2,590 = 673 t

Landfi lls = 0.198 × 2,590 = 513 t

Emitted with energy = 0.324 × 2,590 = 839 t

Emitted without energy = 0.218 × 2,590 = 565 t

Forest Ecosystems 

Wood in trees in a forest is often characterized according to the total volume of merchantable wood. 

Merchantable volume can be expressed per unit of forest area; in this case, we use the volume of 

growing stock of live trees as defi ned by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis 

Database (FIADB; Alerich and others 2005). Merchantable volume must be linked to amount of 

roundwood carbon to calculate the expected disposition of carbon in harvested wood products (as 

described above for industrial roundwood and primary wood products). 

A set of regional average factors (Tables D8 through D12) is used for the calculations to transform 

growing-stock volume to carbon in industrial roundwood, which is then allocated to the expected 

disposition of carbon in primary wood products. This land-based approach for calculating the 

disposition of carbon in harvested wood products differs from the previously described product-based 

approaches in two important respects: the disposition of carbon is expressed as mass per area of forest 

rather than as an absolute mass, and additional carbon pools must be considered such as ecosystem 
200

carbon and carbon removed at harvest but not incorporated into wood products. Calculations 

can include carbon in roundwood removed as fuelwood as well as carbon in bark on roundwood. 

Furthermore, estimates of forest carbon at the time of harvest place constraints on quantities 

harvested. For instance, total carbon mass allocated to harvest, as in Table 3, is calculated from 

volume but is limited to a portion of live tree biomass.

The starting variable for the forest ecosystem calculation is volume at harvest (for example, 172.1 

m3

/ha in Table 3). Carbon in growing-stock volume is allocated to the four categories of roundwood 

using the factors in Table 4. The fi rst three factors allocate growing stock based on two separate 

divisions among trees contributing to stand-level growing-stock volume: fi rst, to hardwood or 

softwood types, and second, to sawtimber diameter- or less-than-sawtimber diameter trees. These 

factors were developed from the most recent forest inventory data for each State in the FIADB and 

are summarized according to region and forest type. Data from the FIADB were compiled to refl ect 

types and sizes of trees in stands that are likely to be harvested; thus, trees are classifi ed as growing 

stock and stands are identifi ed as medium- or large-diameter (Alerich and others 2005). Finally, 

volumes of wood are converted to carbon mass according to the specifi c gravity of wood. Values for 

specifi c gravity (Jenkins and others 2004) were summarized from the FIADB with the same criteria as 

the other factors in Table 4. Table D8 contains regional averages for the factors in Table 4. Thus, the 

product of growing-stock volume and the fi rst, second, and fourth columns of factors (in Tables 4 or 

D8) is the average dry weight of softwood sawtimber in that growing-stock volume. To convert dry 

weight to carbon mass, multiply by 0.5.

The next step in the process is to calculate carbon in industrial roundwood from the previously 

calculated values of carbon in growing-stock volume. The defi nition of industrial roundwood is the 

same as elsewhere in this text; as such, it excludes bark and the portion of roundwood identifi ed 

as fuelwood. Not all roundwood is from growing-stock volume. Similarly, not all of growing-stock 

volume is removed from the site of harvest as roundwood, some remains as logging residue, for 

example. Table 5 includes the fraction of growing-stock volume that is removed as roundwood and 

the ratio of industrial roundwood to growing-stock volume removed as roundwood. These factors are 

from Johnson (2001) and are also in Tables D9 and D10. The product of carbon in growing-stock 

volume and these two factors from Table 5 is the mass of carbon in industrial roundwood for each of 

the roundwood categories.

Fuelwood and bark on roundwood are also carbon pools removed from site at harvest. These are 

calculated separately because they are not part of the industrial roundwood carbon pool allocated 

according to Table 6. Fuelwood, as used here, is a portion of total roundwood as defi ned in Johnson 

(2001). For the harvest scenario tables (Appendix C), we assume that carbon from these pools is 

emitted the same year as harvest. Thus, the carbon is added to the two emitted categories at the time 

of harvest; all of the fuelwood and a portion of the bark on roundwood are emitted with energy 

capture. Tables 5 and D11 provide ratios of carbon in bark to carbon in wood summarized according 

to region. The ratios apply to roundwood logs and are based on biomass component equations of 

Jenkins and others (2003); they are summaries from the FIADB by types and sizes of stem wood and 

bark in stands that are likely to be harvested (as described above for Table 4). The product of carbon 

in roundwood and the bark ratio (from Tables 5 or D11) is carbon in bark on roundwood. Fuelwood 

is estimated from the ratio of fuelwood to growing-stock volume removed as roundwood (Johnson 
201

2001), which is summarized in Tables 5 and D12. Thus, total carbon in fuelwood is the product of 

carbon in growing-stock volume removed as roundwood, the fuelwood ratio, and one plus the bark 

ratio.

Ecosystem carbon is removed, emitted, or remains on site at harvest. Thus, total non-soil carbon 

at the time of harvest in the Appendix C tables (the harvest scenarios) equals the non-soil carbon 

in the corresponding year of the Appendix B tables (afforestation). Similarly, total non-soil forest 

ecosystem carbon at the time of harvest in the Appendix C tables (the harvest scenarios) equals the 

non-soil carbon at age zero of the Appendix A tables (reforestation). The pools of carbon in down 

dead wood and forest fl oor at the time of harvest refl ect logging residue. These decay over time even 

as new material accumulates in these pools with stand regrowth (Turner and others 1995, Johnson 

2001, Smith and Heath 2002, Smith and others 2004b). The pool of carbon removed at harvest is 

based on regional average values and calculated as described above. The residual carbon—not on-site 

or removed—is assigned to the “emitted at harvest” column in Appendix C. While site disturbance 

associated with harvest likely results in carbon emissions, this pool is also likely to include carbon in 

wood removed but not classifi ed as roundwood. The use of regional averages to allocate ecosystem 

and harvested carbon also suggests that values in the fi nal column (in Appendix C) may be larger or 

smaller, depending on actual forests or harvests. The Appendix C tables are examples of how forest 

carbon stocks can include carbon in harvested wood; these are not recommendations for rotation 

length or timing of harvest.

The use of regional fractions or ratios to allocate carbon for a number of forest types within the 

region has potential for occasional extreme or unrealistic values. That is, the sum of carbon in 

industrial roundwood, fuelwood, and bark is limited by live tree carbon density. To avoid extreme 

values, some limits are set for the use of these regional averages. The fuelwood ratios used for 

calculating the fuelwood components of the harvest scenario tables (Appendix C) are averages by type 

but not size (that is, columns 3 and 6 in Table D12). We also limit the proportion of live tree carbon 

allocated to industrial roundwood plus bark to 66 percent, and the limit for total carbon removed 

(industrial roundwood, bark, and fuelwood) is 78 percent of live tree carbon. These limits are based 

on generalized tree biomass component equations from Jenkins and others (2003). Calculated values 

for carbon removed at harvest (such as for Appendix C) seldom exceed these limits, but one of the 

exceptions is included in the example below.

Example calculations of carbon in harvested wood products for Table 3—disposition from 

forest ecosystems

This example illustrates the calculations to determine the disposition of carbon in wood products for 

the harvest scenario tables in Appendix C. We calculate the disposition of carbon at 15 years after 

harvest from a maple-beech-birch forest in the Northeast (see Table 3). Most of the following example 

can be completed with factors in Tables 4 through 6 (as opposed to tables in this section), but it is 

included here because it illustrates the above discussion.

We calculate:

1) Carbon in growing-stock volume according to the industrial roundwood categories (Table 4)

2) Carbon in industrial roundwood from carbon in growing-stock volume removed as 

roundwood (Table 5)
202

3) The additional pools of carbon in fuelwood and bark on roundwood, which are assumed 

emitted with or without energy capture soon after harvest

4) Modifi cations to totals for industrial roundwood or fuelwood if necessary

5) The disposition of carbon at 15 years after harvest (Table 6)

Part 1: Carbon in growing-stock volume is calculated with the factors in Table 4, which allocates 

volume to four categories based on wood type and log size. The example growing-stock volume 

harvested in Table 3 is 172.1 m3

/ha. Three steps are needed to calculate total carbon in growing-stock 

volume: growing stock is allocated to softwood or hardwood; volumes are partitioned to saw logs and 

pulpwood; and fi nally, carbon mass is determined from specifi c gravity of wood, which is 50 percent 

carbon by dry weight. Thus, the softwood saw log part of growing stock = (growing-stock volume) 

× (softwood fraction) × (sawtimber-size fraction) × (softwood specifi c gravity) × (carbon fraction of 

wood). The calculated values from growing-stock volume are:

Softwood sawtimber carbon

= 172.1 × 0.132 × 0.604 × 0.369 × 0.5 = 2.53 t/ha

Softwood poletimber carbon

= 172.1 × 0.132 × (1 – 0.604) × 0.369 × 0.5 = 1.66 t/ha

Hardwood sawtimber carbon 

= 172.1 × (1 – 0.132) × 0.526 × 0.518 × 0.5 = 20.35 t/ha

Hardwood poletimber carbon

= 172.1 × (1 – 0.132) × (1 – 0.526) × 0.518 × 0.5 = 18.34 t/ha

Total carbon stock in 172.1 m3

/ha of growing-stock volume is 42.88 t/ha.

Part 2: Carbon in roundwood, which excludes bark and fuelwood, is determined from factors in 

Table 5. The two factors are the fraction of growing-stock volume that is removed as roundwood, 

and the ratio of total industrial roundwood to growing-stock volume removed as roundwood. The 

calculated values for industrial roundwood are:

Softwood saw log carbon 

= 2.53 × 0.948 × 0.991 = 2.38 t/ha

Softwood pulpwood carbon 

= 1.66 × 0. 948 × 3.079 = 4.84 t/ha

Hardwood saw log carbon 

= 20.35 × 0.879 × 0.927 = 16.58 t/ha

Hardwood pulpwood carbon 

= 18.34 × 0. 879 × 2.177 = 35.09 t/ha

Thus, total carbon in industrial roundwood is 58.90 t/ha.

Part 3: Pools of carbon in bark on roundwood are based on ratios in Table 5; these are also applied to 

calculate bark on fuelwood. The portion of bark on industrial roundwood allocated to emitted with 

energy capture is according to coeffi cient A from Table D7. Carbon in fuelwood is calculated from 

factors in Table 5. The calculations are:

Softwood saw log bark carbon = 2.38 × 0.182 = 0.43 t/ha

Softwood pulpwood bark carbon = 4.84 × 0. 185 = 0.90 t/ha
203

Hardwood saw log bark carbon = 16.58 × 0.199 = 3.30 t/ha

Hardwood pulpwood bark carbon = 35.09 × 0. 218 = 7.65 t/ha

Thus, total carbon in bark on industrial roundwood is 12.28 t/ha.

Part of carbon in bark on industrial roundwood emitted with energy capture is

= (0.43 × 0.5582) + (0.90 × 0.6289) + (3.30 × 0.6143) + (7.65 × 0.5272) 

= 6.87 t/ha

Part of carbon in bark on industrial roundwood emitted without energy capture is

= 12.28 – 6.87 = 5.41 t/ha 

Softwood saw log carbon in fuelwood with bark

= 2.53 × 0.948 × 0.136 × (1 + 0.182) = 0.39 t/ha

Softwood pulpwood carbon in fuelwood with bark 

= 1.66 × 0. 948 × 0.136 × (1 + 0.185) = 0.25 t/ha

Hardwood saw log carbon in fuelwood with bark 

= 20.35 × 0.879 × 0.547 × (1 + 0.199) = 11.73 t/ha

Hardwood pulpwood carbon in fuelwood with bark 

= 18.34 × 0. 879 × 0.547 × (1 + 0.218) = 10.74 t/ha

Thus, total carbon in fuelwood with bark is 23.11 t/ha.

Part 4: Limits are placed on values calculated for industrial roundwood and fuelwood where the 

regional average factors result in extreme values for some forest types (as discussed above). Based 

on biomass component equations, total carbon in industrial roundwood with bark is limited to 66 

percent of live tree carbon density, and the sum of industrial roundwood, fuelwood, and bark is 

limited to 78 percent. Live tree carbon density at harvest is 113.1 t/ha (from Table B2).

The sum of industrial roundwood and bark is less than 66 percent of live tree carbon

(58.90 + 12.28) / 113.1 = 0.629

However, the sum of industrial roundwood, fuelwood, and bark is greater than 78 percent of 

live tree carbon

(58.90 + 12.28 + 23.11) / 113.1 = 0.834

Therefore, the seven carbon pools are reduced by the factor 0.78/0.834=0.935

Industrial roundwood softwood saw log = 2.38 × 0. 935 = 2.22 t/ha

Industrial roundwood softwood pulpwood = 4.84 × 0. 935 = 4.53 t/ha

Industrial roundwood hardwood saw log = 16.58 × 0. 935 = 15.50 t/ha

Industrial roundwood hardwood pulpwood = 35.09 × 0. 935 = 32.81 t/ha

Industrial roundwood bark emitted with energy capture = 6.87 × 0. 935 = 6.42 t/ha

Industrial roundwood bark emitted without energy capture = 5.41 × 0. 935 = 5.06 t/ha

Fuelwood with bark = 23.11 × 0. 935 = 21.61 t/ha
204

These modifi ed values are used in subsequent calculations and are applied to the harvest 

scenario tables. Such modifi cations occur infrequently with the tables presented in Appendix 

C.

Part 5: The four pools of industrial roundwood carbon are each allocated to the four disposition 

categories for carbon in wood products according to Table 6. Totals are the summed products of 

industrial roundwood carbon and allocation at year 15. Carbon in fuelwood and bark are one-time 

additions to the emitted columns (in Appendix C). Thus the disposition of carbon at year 15 is 

calculated as:

Total industrial roundwood carbon in use 

= (2.22 × 0.326) + (4.53 × 0.037) + (15.50 × 0.260) + (32.81 × 0.252) = 13.19 t/ha

Total industrial roundwood carbon in landfi lls 

= (2.22 × 0.126) + (4.53 × 0.128) + (15.50 × 0.198) + (32.81 × 0.127) = 8.10 t/ha

Total industrial roundwood carbon emitted with energy recapture 

= (2.22 × 0.296) + (4.53 × 0.497) + (15.50 × 0.324) + (32.81 × 0.310) = 18.10 t/ha

Total industrial roundwood carbon emitted without energy recapture 

= (2.22 × 0.252) + (4.53 × 0.338) + (15.50 × 0.218) + (32.81 × 0.311) = 15.67 t/ha

Total carbon emitted with energy recapture is the sum of industrial roundwood, bark, and 

fuelwood

= 18.10 + 6.42 + 21.61 = 46.13 t/ha

Total carbon emitted without energy recapture is the sum of industrial roundwood and bark

= 15.67 + 5.06 = 20.73 t/ha

These are the carbon density values for the four harvested wood classifi cations at 15 years 

after harvest in Table 3 (that is, 13.2, 8.1, 46.1, and 20.7). The differences between values in 

this example and those in the table are due to rounding subtotals in this example.
Table D1.—Factors to convert solid wood products in customary units to carbona

 

Solid wood product Unit Cubic 

feet per 

unit 

Pounds/ 

cubic 

foot 

Fraction 

of 

product 

that is 

wood 

fiber 

Factor to 

convert 

units to 

tons (2000 

lb) carbon 

Factor to 

convert 

units to 

tonnes 

carbon 

Softwood lumber/ 

laminated veneer lumber/ 

glulam lumber/ I-joists 

thousand board 

feet 59.17 33.0 1.00 0.488 0.443 

Hardwood lumber thousand board 

feet 83.33 40.5 1.00 0.844 0.765 

Softwood plywood 

thousand 

square feet, 

3/8-inch basis 

31.25 35.0 0.95 0.260 0.236 

Oriented strandboard 

thousand 

square feet, 

3/8-inch basis 

31.25 40.0 0.97 0.303 0.275 

Nonstructural panels 

(average) 

thousand 

square feet, 

3/8- inch basis 

31.25 -- -- 0.319 0.289 

 Hardwood veneer/ 

plywood 

thousand 

square feet, 

3/8- inch basis 

31.25 42.0 0.96 0.315 0.286 

 Particleboard / Medium 

density fiberboard 

thousand 

square feet, 

3/4-inch basis 

62.50 45.0 0.92 0.647 0.587 

 Hardboard 

thousand 

square feet, 

1/8-inch basis 

10.42 60.0 0.97 0.152 0.138 

 Insulation board 

thousand 

square feet, 

1/2-inch basis 

41.67 23.5 0.99 0.242 0.220 

Other industrial products thousand cubic 

feet 1.00 33.0 1.00 8.250 7.484 

-- = not applicable. 

a

Factors in the last two columns are calculated by multiplying the previous three columns to provide the 

mass of product in pounds, the fraction of carbon in wood (assumed to be 0.5), and converting mass to 

tons or tonnes. 

205
Table D2.—Fraction of solid wood product production used for various end uses in the United 

States, and used for export, 1998

Product 

Lumbera Structural panelsb

End use 

Softwood Hardwood Softwood 

plywood 

Oriented 

strandboard 

Nonstructural 

panelsc

New residential construction 

 Single family 0.332 0.039 0.334 0.578 0.130 

 Multifamily 0.031 0.004 0.033 0.047 0.019 

 Mobile homes 0.039 0.002 0.035 0.060 0.037 

 

Residential upkeep 

and improvement 0.253 0.039 0.243 0.164 0.112 

New nonresidential construction 

 All except railroads 0.079 0.028 0.090 0.071 0.053 

 Railroad ties 0.001 0.047 0.000 0.000 0.000 

 Railcar repair 0.000 0.008 0.001 0.000 0.000 

 

Manufacturing 

 Household furniture 0.023 0.235 0.046 0.002 0.138 

 Commercial furniture 0.004 0.048 0.050 0.006 0.218 

 Other products 0.035 0.095 0.083 0.021 0.094 

 

Shipping 

 Wooden containers 0.006 0.008 0.008 0.000 0.005 

 Pallets 0.037 0.349 0.025 0.001 0.001 

 Dunnage etc 0.002 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 

 

Other usesd

 0.126 0.007 0.009 0.041 0.139 

 

Total domestic use 0.967 0.917 0.957 0.991 0.946 

Export 0.033 0.083 0.043 0.009 0.054 

a

Includes hardwood and softwood dimension and boards, glulam, and lumber I-joist flanges. 

b

Includes softwood plywood, OSB, structural composite lumber, and I-joist webs. 

c

Includes hardwood plywood, particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, hardboard, and insulation 

board. 

d

Other uses for lumber and panels include: 1) upkeep and improvement of nonresidential structures, 2) 

roof supports and other construction in mines, 3) made-at-home projects such as furniture, boats, and 

picnic tables, 4) made-on-the-job products such as advertising and display structures, and 5) any other 

uses. 

Source: Calculated from tables in McKeever (2002). 

206
Table D3.—Half-life for products by end use 

End use or product Half-life 

years 

New residential construction 

 Single family 100 

 Multifamily 70 

 Mobile homes 12 

 

Residential upkeep and improvement 30 

New nonresidential construction 

 All except railroads 67 

 Railroad ties 12 

 Railcar repair 12 

 

Manufacturing 

 Household furniture 30 

 Commercial furniture 30 

 Other products 12 

 

Shipping 

 Wooden containers 6 

 Pallets 6 

 Dunnage etc 6 

 

Other uses for lumber and panels 12 

Solid wood exports 12 

Paper 2.6 

Sources: Skog and Nicholson (1998), Row and Phelps (1996), 

Klungness, J. 2005. Personal communication. Chemical 

Engineer, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, One 

Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398. 

207
Table D4.—Fraction of discarded wood and paper placed in landfills 

Year Wood to 

landfills 

Paper to 

landfills 

 Year 

(continued)

Wood to 

landfills 

Paper to 

landfills 

1950 0.05 0.05 1977 0.49 0.38 

1951 0.06 0.05 1978 0.55 0.43 

1952 0.06 0.06 1979 0.62 0.48 

1953 0.07 0.06 1980 0.68 0.52 

1954 0.07 0.06 1981 0.69 0.53 

1955 0.08 0.06 1982 0.71 0.53 

1956 0.08 0.07 1983 0.72 0.53 

1957 0.09 0.07 1984 0.73 0.54 

1958 0.09 0.07 1985 0.74 0.54 

1959 0.10 0.07 1986 0.76 0.54 

1960 0.11 0.09 1987 0.77 0.54 

1961 0.12 0.09 1988 0.78 0.54 

1962 0.13 0.10 1989 0.79 0.54 

1963 0.13 0.10 1990 0.74 0.54 

1964 0.14 0.11 1991 0.79 0.50 

1965 0.15 0.11 1992 0.71 0.48 

1966 0.17 0.13 1993 0.70 0.48 

1967 0.19 0.15 1994 0.70 0.44 

1968 0.22 0.17 1995 0.73 0.39 

1969 0.24 0.19 1996 0.71 0.37 

1970 0.26 0.21 1997 0.69 0.38 

1971 0.29 0.23 1998 0.68 0.39 

1972 0.32 0.25 1999 0.68 0.39 

1973 0.35 0.27 2000 0.67 0.37 

1974 0.37 0.29 2001 0.67 0.35 

1975 0.40 0.32 2002 0.67 0.34 

1976 0.43 0.34 

Source: Freed, R. 2004. Personal communication. Environmental Scientist, 

ICF Consulting, 9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031. 

208
Table D5.—Nondegradable fraction of wood 

and paper in landfills and half-life for 

degradable fraction 

Nondegradable fraction in landfillsa

 wood 0.77 

 paper 0.44 

Half-life of degradable fraction (yr)b 14 a Source: Freed, R. and C. Mintz. 2003 (29 Aug). 

Letter to H. Ferland (EPA), K. Skog (USDA), T.

Wirth (EPA) and E. Scheehle (EPA). Revised 

input data for WOODCARB. On file with: Forest 

Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, 

Madison, WI 53726-2398 

b Source: de Silva Alves and others (2000). 

 

209
Table D6.—Fraction of each classification of industrial roundwood according to category as allocated to primary wood products 

(based on data from 2002)a

Categoryb Region 

SW/HW SL/PW 

Softwood 

lumber 

Hardwood 

lumber 

Softwood 

plywood 

Hardwood 

plywoodc

Oriented 

strandboard

Nonstructural 

panels 

Other 

industrial 

products 

Wood 

pulp 

Fuel and 

other 

emissions 

SL 0.391 0 0.004 0 0 0.020 0.083 0.072 0.431 SW 

PW 0 0 0 0 0.010 0.016 0 0.487 0.487 

SL 0 0.492 0 0.005 0 0.022 0.038 0.058 0.386 

Northeast 

HW PW 0 0 0 0 0.293 0.007 0 0.350 0.350 

SL 0.378 0 0 0 0 0.049 0.120 0.084 0.370 SW PW 0 0 0 0 0.020 0.009 0 0.486 0.486 SL 0 0.458 0 0.006 0 0.013 0.044 0.064 0.415 

North Central 

HW PW 0 0 0 0 0.361 0.009 0 0.315 0.315 

Pacific Northwest, East SW All 0.422 0 0.069 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.144 0.363 

SL 0.455 0 0.089 0 0 0.009 0.073 0.114 0.260 SW PW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.500 0.500 Pacific Northwest, West 

HW All 0 0.160 0 0.140 0 0.002 0 0.229 0.469 

Pacific Southwest SW All 0.454 0 0 0 0 0.040 0.036 0.145 0.325 

Rocky Mountain SW All 0.402 0 0.054 0 0 0.033 0.062 0.153 0.296 

SL 0.350 0 0.076 0 0 0.027 0.054 0.129 0.364 SW PW 0 0 0 0 0.103 0.004 0 0.447 0.447 SL 0 0.455 0 0.006 0 0.049 0.012 0.087 0.391 Southeast HW PW 0 0 0 0 0.180 0.002 0 0.409 0.409 SL 0.324 0 0.130 0 0 0.019 0.023 0.133 0.371 SW PW 0 0 0 0 0.135 0.006 0 0.430 0.430 SL 0 0.434 0 0.023 0 0.025 0.003 0.102 0.413 South Central HW PW 0 0 0 0 0.160 0.001 0 0.419 0.419 

Westd HW All 0 0.039 0 0.301 0 0.015 0.066 0.147 0.432 aData based on Adams and others (2006). 

bSW/HW=Softwood/Hardwood, SL/PW=Saw log/Pulpwood. Saw log includes veneer logs. cHardwood plywood fractions are pooled with nonstructural panels when allocating roundwood to the primary products listed in Tables 8 and 9. dWest includes hardwoods in Pacific Northwest, East; Pacific Southwest; Rocky Mountain, North; and Rocky Mountain, South.

210
Table D7.—Coefficients for estimating fraction of emitted carbon 

associated with energy recapture with emission for industrial roundwood 

Roundwood 

categorya Coefficientsb

Region 

SW/HW SL/PW a b c 

SL 0.5582 2594 0.6557 SW PW 0.6289 3062 0.5432 

SL 0.6143 6812 0.5953 Northeast 

HW PW 0.5272 3483 0.5364 

SL 0.6728 2162 0.6550 SW PW 0.6284 3494 0.5117 

SL 0.6097 5144 0.6236 North Central 

HW PW 0.5243 3399 0.5451 

Pacific Northwest, East SW All 0.5421 1144 0.7958 

SL 0.4823 823 0.8561 SW Pacific Northwest, West PW 0.7040 2376 0.5184 

HW All 0.6147 4746 0.6306 

Pacific Southwest SW All 0.5216 1278 0.8061 

Rocky Mountain SW All 0.7072 992 0.7353 

SL 0.7149 1313 0.6051 SW PW 0.6179 3630 0.5054 

SL 0.5749 4574 0.5954 Southeast 

HW PW 0.5490 3731 0.5025 

SL 0.6136 1264 0.6634 SW PW 0.6190 3455 0.5148 

SL 0.5744 4541 0.6070 South Central 

HW PW 0.5449 3239 0.5324 

Westc HW All 0.5917 6433 0.6054 a

Applicable to industrial roundwood without bark or fuelwood, which is classified as: 

SW/HW=Softwood/Hardwood, SL/PW=Saw log/Pulpwood. 

b

Estimates are calculated according to: fraction =a×exp(-((year/b)c)), based on 

proportions in Table 1.7 of Birdsey (1996). We assume that values in the Birdsey 

(1996) table are that portion of the growing-stock volume harvested and removed 

from the forest, so that the values are generally accurate when applied to roundwood 

categories. 

c

West includes hardwoods in Pacific Northwest, East; Pacific Southwest; Rocky 

Mountain, North; and Rocky Mountain, South.

211
Table D8.—Average regional factors to calculate carbon in growing-stock volume: 

softwood fraction, sawtimber-size fraction, and specific gravitya,b 

Region 

Fraction of 

growingstock 

volume that 

is softwoodc

Fraction of 

softwood 

growingstock 

volume that 

is 

sawtimbersized

Fraction of 

hardwood 

growingstock 

volume that 

is 

sawtimbersized

Specific 

gravitye of 

softwoods 

Specific 

gravitye of 

hardwoods 

Northeast 0.226 0.647 0.579 0.371 0.518 

Northern Lake States 0.292 0.556 0.407 0.360 0.473 

Northern Prairie States 0.093 0.622 0.511 0.434 0.537 

Pacific Northwest, East 0.980 0.865 0.501 0.396 0.424 

Pacific Northwest, West 0.890 0.911 0.538 0.426 0.415 

Pacific Southwest 0.829 0.925 0.308 0.399 0.510 

Rocky Mountain, North 0.983 0.734 0.442 0.394 0.389 

Rocky Mountain, South 0.865 0.742 0.337 0.369 0.353 

Southeast 0.423 0.612 0.512 0.462 0.508 

South Central 0.358 0.693 0.523 0.463 0.529 

a

These factors correspond to the values in Table 4. 

b

Estimates based on survey data for the conterminous United States from USDA Forest Service, Forest 

Inventory and Analysis Program’s database of forest surveys (FIADB; USDA For. Serv. 2005) and 

include growing-stock on timberland stands classified as medium- or large-diameter stands. Fractions are 

based on volumes of growing-stock trees. 

c

To calculate fraction in hardwood, subtract fraction in softwood from 1. 

d

Softwood sawtimber are trees at least 22.9 cm (9 in) d.b.h., hardwood sawtimber is at least 27.9 cm (11 

in) d.b.h. To calculate fraction in less-than-sawtimber-size trees, subtract fraction in sawtimber from 1. 

Trees less than sawtimber-size are at least 12.7 cm (5 in) d.b.h. 

e

Average wood specific gravity is the density of wood divided by the density of water based on wood dry 

mass associated with green tree volume. 

212
Table D9.—Fraction of growing-stock volume that is removed as roundwood and ratio 

of volume of logging residue to growing-stock volume by region and wood typea 

Fraction of growing-stock 

volume removed as roundwood 

 Ratio of volume of logging residue 

to growing-stock volumec Regionb

Softwood Hardwood All Softwood Hardwood All 

Northeast 0.948 0.879 0.901 0.471 0.602 0.560 

North Central 0.931 0.831 0.848 0.384 0.441 0.431 

Pacific Coast 0.929 0.947 0.930 0.133 0.081 0.131 

Rocky Mountain 0.907 0.755 0.899 0.305 0.246 0.301 

South 0.891 0.752 0.840 0.090 0.254 0.149 

a

Values and classifications are based on data in Tables 2.9, 3.9, 4.9, 5.9, and 6.9 of Johnson (2001).

b

North Central includes the Northern Prairie States and the Northern Lake States; Pacific Coast 

includes the Pacific Northwest (West and East) and the Pacific Southwest; Rocky Mountain includes 

Rocky Mountain, North and South; and South includes the Southeast and South Central. c

Ratios used as part of estimates of down dead wood following harvest in Appendix A and C. 

213
 

Table D10.—Ratios of industrial roundwood (without fuelwood) to growing-stock volume 

that is removed as roundwood by categorya 

 Industrial roundwood:growing-stock volume removed as hardwoodb

Softwood Hardwood 

Regionc Sawtimbersize 

Less than 

sawtimber-size All Sawtimbersize 

Less than 

sawtimber-size All 

Northeast 0.991 3.079 1.253 0.927 2.177 1.076 

North Central 0.985 1.285 1.077 0.960 1.387 1.071 

Pacific Coast 0.965 1.099 1.005 0.721 0.324 0.606 

Rocky Mountain 0.994 2.413 1.089 0.832 1.336 0.862 

South 0.990 1.246 1.047 0.832 1.191 0.933 

a

Values and classifications are based on data in Tables 2.2, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, and 6.2 of Johnson (2001).

b

Ratios are to calculate industrial roundwood (that is, without fuelwood) and are based on volumes. The 

denominators are portions of growing-stock volume removed as roundwood according to wood type and 

size. Numerators for “less than sawtimber-size” include poletimber and nongrowing-stock sources. We 

assume the ratios do not include bark and use these values as a step in determining the allocation of carbon 

for Table 5 and Appendix C, based on growing stock. c

North Central includes the Northern Prairie States and the Northern Lake States; Pacific Coast includes the 

Pacific Northwest (West and East) and the Pacific Southwest; Rocky Mountain includes Rocky Mountain, 

North and South; and South includes the Southeast and South Central.

214
Table D11.—Regional average ratios of carbon in bark to carbon in wood according to 

wood type and size 

 Ratio of carbon in bark to carbon in wooda

Softwoodc Hardwoodd

Regionb Sawtimbersizee

Poletimbersizee All Sawtimbersize Poletimbersize All 

Northeast 0.182 0.185 0.183 0.199 0.218 0.205 

North Central 0.182 0.185 0.183 0.199 0.218 0.206 

Pacific Coast 0.181 0.185 0.181 0.197 0.219 0.203 

Rocky Mountain 0.181 0.185 0.182 0.201 0.219 0.210 

South 0.182 0.185 0.183 0.198 0.218 0.204 

a

Ratios are calculated from carbon mass based on biomass component equations in Jenkins and others 

(2003) applied to all live trees identified as growing stock on timberland stands classified as medium- or 

large-diameter stands in the survey data for the conterminous United States from USDA Forest Service, 

Forest Inventory and Analysis Program’s database of forest surveys (FIADB; USDA For. Serv. 2005, 

Alerich and others 2005). Note that “sawtimber trees” and “poletimber trees” are not stand-level 

classifications as used here; these terms apply to individual trees. Carbon mass is calculated for boles 

from stump to 4-inch top, outside diameter. 

b

North Central includes the Northern Prairie States and the Northern Lake States; Pacific Coast includes 

the Pacific Northwest (West and East) and the Pacific Southwest; Rocky Mountain includes Rocky 

Mountain, North and South; and South includes the Southeast and South Central. 

c

Softwood sawtimber-size are trees at least 22.9 cm (9 in) d.b.h., and softwood poletimber-size trees are 

12.7 to 22.6 cm (5.0 to 8.9 in) d.b.h. 

d

Hardwood sawtimber-size is at least 27.9 cm (11 in) d.b.h., and hardwood poletimber-size trees are 12.7 

to 27.7 cm (5.0 to 10.9 in) d.b.h. 

e

When applying these ratios to roundwood, we assume that ratios based on sawtimber-size trees and ratios 

based on poletimber-size trees in the forest apply to saw log roundwood and pulpwood roundwood, 

respectively.

215
Table D12.—Ratios of total fuelwood (both growing-stock and nongrowing-stock sources) 

to corresponding portion of growing-stock volume that is removed as roundwooda

 Fuelwood:growing-stock volume removed as hardwoodb

 Softwood Hardwood 

Regionc

Sawtimbersize 

Less than 

sawtimbersize All Sawtimbersize 

Less than 

sawtimbersize All 

Northeast 0.009 1.017 0.136 0.073 4.051 0.547 

North Central 0.015 0.180 0.066 0.040 1.230 0.348 

Pacific Coast 0.035 0.242 0.096 0.279 2.627 0.957 

Rocky Mountain 0.006 3.145 0.217 0.168 50.200 3.165 

South 0.010 0.049 0.019 0.168 0.644 0.301 

a

Values and classifications are based on data in Tables 2.2, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, and 6.2 of Johnson (2001).

b

Ratios are to calculate fuelwood and are based on volumes. The denominators are portions of growingstock volume removed as roundwood according to size. Numerators for “less than sawtimber-size” 

include poletimber and nongrowing-stock sources. We assume the ratios do not include bark and use these 

values as a step in determining the allocation of carbon for Table 5 and Appendix C, based on growing 

stock.

c

North Central includes the Northern Prairie States and the Northern Lake States; Pacific Coast includes 

the Pacific Northwest (West and East) and the Pacific Southwest; Rocky Mountain includes Rocky 

Mountain, North and South; and South includes the Southeast and South Central. 

216
Printed on Recycled Paper

Smith, James E.; Heath, Linda S.; Skog, Kenneth E.; Birdsey, Richard A. 2006. 

Methods for calculating forest ecosystem and harvested carbon with 

standard estimates for forest types of the United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. 

NE-343. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Northeastern Research Station. 216 p.

This study presents techniques for calculating average net annual additions to carbon 

in forests and in forest products. Forest ecosystem carbon yield tables, representing 

stand-level merchantable volume and carbon pools as a function of stand age, were 

developed for 51 forest types within 10 regions of the United States. Separate tables 

were developed for afforestation and reforestation. Because carbon continues to 

be sequestered in harvested wood, approaches to calculate carbon sequestered in 

harvested forest products are included. Although these calculations are simple and 

inexpensive to use, the uncertainty of results obtained by using representative average 

values may be high relative to other techniques that use site- or project-specific data. 

The estimates and methods in this report are consistent with guidelines being updated 

for the U.S. Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program and with guidelines 

developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The CD-ROM included 

with this publication contains a complete set of tables in spreadsheet format.

Keywords: forest carbon sequestration project, harvested wood carbon, carbon yield 

tables, stock change, voluntary reporting

Download the spreadsheet files at:

http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/durham/4104/1605b.shtml
Headquarters of the Northeastern Research Station is in Newtown Square, 

Pennsylvania. Field laboratories are maintained at:

Amherst, Massachusetts, in cooperation with the University of Massachusetts

Burlington, Vermont, in cooperation with the University of Vermont

Delaware, Ohio

Durham, New Hampshire, in cooperation with the University of New Hampshire

Hamden, Connecticut, in cooperation with Yale University

Morgantown, West Virginia, in cooperation with West Virginia University

Parsons, West Virginia

Princeton, West Virginia

Syracuse, New York, in cooperation with the State University of New York, 

College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry at Syracuse University

Warren, Pennsylvania

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