FI LED U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT Se pt e m be r 15, 2005 T HOM AS K. KAHN CL E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 10053 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D. C. Do c k e tNo . 0 3 - 0 0 2 2 3 - CR - J - 1 2 TE M U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s F R E D E R I C K L A W R E N C E S N Y D E R , J R ., a .k .a . W illia m B a ll, D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe M i ddl e D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( S e pt e m be r15, 2005) B efo re H U L L , M A R C U S an d K R A V IT C H , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: D e f e n d a n t- ap p e lla n t F r e d e r ic kL a w r e n c e S n y d e rp le a d e d g u iltytoThis court now reviews B lakley arguments under B ooker. 1 2 m a nuf a c tur i ng 100 orm or e m a r i j ua napl a nt s , i n vi ol a t i on of 21 U . S . C . § 841. T he go vernm entgave no t i ce thatS nyder w as subj ec tt o an enh ance d t en-y ear m a nda t ory m i ni m um s e nt e nc e unde r21 U . S . C . § 851 ba s e d on hi s pr i orc onvi c t i on f orpos s e s s i on of

c oc a i ne . 21 U . S . C . §§ 841( b) ( 1) , 851. S ny de rc ha l l e nge d the e nha nc e d m a nda t ory m i ni m um , a l l e gi ng tha t§ 851 vi ol a t e d the S i xth A m e ndm e nt i n l i ghtof

B l a ke l y v. W a s hi ngt on, 542 U . S . 296, 124 S . C t . 2531, 159 L . E d. 2d 403 ( 2 0 0 4 ) . A ts e nt e nc i ng, the c ourtde t e rm i ne d tha tB l a ke l ydi d notr e qui r e the g o v ern m en tt o p l eadp ri o r co n v i ct i o n s i n th e i n d i ctm en to r p ro v e th em t o a j u ry, a n d s e n te n c e d S n y d e rto 1 2 0 m o n th s im p r is o n m e n t. O n ap p e a l, S n y d e rc h a lle n g e s th e u s e o f h is p r io rc o n v ic tio n to e n h a n c e h is s e n t e n c e , a n d h e q u e s t i o n s th e c o n t i n u e d v a l i d i tyo f Al m e n d a r e z - T o rr e s . He c o n c e d e s , h o w e v e r , th a t th is c o u rt h a s r e je c te d h is a r g u m e n t. I n U ni t e d S t a t e s v. B ooke r , 542 U . S . –, 125 S . C t . 738, 160 L . E d. 2d 621 ( 2005) , the S upr e m e C ourthe l d tha tB l a ke l yappl i e d t o the f e de r a l s e nt e nc i ng 1 gui de l i ne s a nd tha ti n am a nda t orygui de l i ne s r e gi m e , the S i xth A m e ndm e nt r e qui r e d tha ta ny f

a c ttha ti nc r e a s e d ade f

e nda nt ’ s s e nt e nc e be y ond the m a xi m um s e nt e nc e author i z e d by the f a c t s e s t abl i s he d byapl e aoraj uryve r di c tm us tbe3

a dm i tt e d by the de f

e nda ntorpr ove n t o aj urybe y ond ar e a s onabl e doubt . 125 S .C t. 7 3 8 . B e c au s e S n y d e rp r e s e rv e d h i s B o o k e rc h a l l e n g e i n th e d i s tr i c tc o u rt , we re vi ew the se nt ence s de nov o. U ni t ed S t at es v. P az , 40 5 F . 3d 94 6, 94 8 (11 th C i r. 2005) . T he c ons t i tut i ona l i ty of as t a tut e i s aque s t i on of l a w tha tw e a l s o r e vi e w de no vo . U ni t ed S t at es v. Ja ckson, 11 1 F . 3d 10 1, 10 1 (11 th C i r. 19 97 ). W e c onc l ude tha tthe r e i s no m e r i tt o S ny de r ’ s a r gum e nt . A n e nha nc e m e nt ba s e d on apr i orc onvi c t i on, e ve n i f nota dm i tt e d bythe de f e nda ntorpr ove d t o a j ury , doe s notr e pr e s e ntac ons t i tut i ona l B ooke re rr or . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. O r dunoM i r e l e s , 405 F . 3d 960, 962- 63 ( 11th C i r . 2005) ; U ni t e d S t a t e s v. C a m a c hoI b a r q u e n , 4 0 4 F .3 d 1 2 8 3 , 1 2 9 0 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) . T h e S u p r e m e C o u rt’s d e c is io n in S h e p a r d v . U n ite d S ta te s , 1 2 5 S .C t. 1 2 5 4 ( 2 0 0 5 ) , d o e s n o t a lte rth is c o n c lu s io n . U ni t ed S t at es v. G al l egos-A gu er o, 40 9 F . 3d 12 74 , 12 76 -77 (11 th C i r. 20 05 ); C a m a c ho- I ba r que n, 404 F . 3d a t1290 n. 3. M or e ove r , B ooke rha d no e f f e c ton the va l i di ty of

m a nda t ory m i ni m um s e nt e nc e s . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. S he l t on, 400 F . 3d 13 25 , 13 33 n. 10 (11th C i r. 20 05 ). A cc ordi ng l y, w e A F F IR M the se nt ence i m pos e d.