II 

109TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3502 

To modernize the education system of the United States, to arm individuals 

with 21st century knowledge and skills in order to preserve the economic 

and national security of the United States, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 13, 2006 

Mr. KENNEDY (for himself, Mrs. CLINTON, and Mr. KERRY) introduced the 

following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 

Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL 

To modernize the education system of the United States, 

to arm individuals with 21st century knowledge and skills 

in order to preserve the economic and national security 

of the United States, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘New National Defense 

5 Education Act of 2006’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) Throughout our Nation’s history, the skills 

2 and education of our workforce have been a major 

3 determinant of the standard of living of the people 

4 of the United States. 

5 (2) Spurred into action by the launch of Sput6 nik, Congress passed the National Defense Edu7 cation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85–864, 72 Stat. 

8 1580). The law, now nearly 50 years old, declared 

9 a national ‘‘educational emergency’’, and Federal ex10 penditures for education more than doubled in the 4 

11 years after its passage. The programs authorized 

12 under the Act helped the United States to improve 

13 rapidly in mathematics, science, engineering, tech14 nology, and foreign languages and led to our domi15 nance in the arms race and the global economy. 

16 (3) Today, our Nation once again faces an 

17 international challenge in education: we must con18 front a shortage of highly skilled and educated work19 ers, especially in mathematics, science, engineering, 

20 technology, and critical-need foreign languages. As a 

21 percentage of total first university degrees granted, 

22 the United States produced fewer graduates in 

23 mathematics, science, and engineering in 2002 than 

24 the Nation did in 1985. Currently, the United States 

25 Government requires 34,000 employees with foreign 


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1 language skills in 100 languages across more than 

2 80 Federal agencies. These trends pose a threat to 

3 our national security and our economic security. 

4 (4) Student achievement in mathematics and 

5 science in elementary school and secondary school 

6 lags behind other nations, according to the Trends 

7 in International Mathematics and Science study and 

8 other studies, including the Programme for Inter9 national Student Assessment, that recently ranked 

10 United States secondary school students 28th out of 

11 40 first- and second-world nations, and tied with 

12 Latvia, in mathematics performance and problem 

13 solving. 

14 (5) According to the most recent National As15 sessment of Educational Progress, less than 40 per16 cent of the students in grade 4 and 30 percent of 

17 the students in grade 8, and only 17 percent of the 

18 students in grade 12, reach the proficient level in 

mathematics, and approximately 1 19 ⁄3 of the students 

in grades 4 and 8, and nearly 1 20 ⁄2 of the students in 

21 grade 12, do not reach the basic level in science. 

22 (6) A State-by-State comparison of the 2005 

23 National Assessment of Educational Progress aver24 age scale scores for 8th grade mathematics reveals 

that 31 States—more than 1 25 ⁄2 of the States in the 


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1 Nation—scored more than 10 points (about 1 grade 

2 level) below the highest scoring State, Massachu3 setts. 

4 (7) More than 200,000,000 children in China 

5 are studying English, a compulsory subject for all 

6 Chinese primary school students. By comparison, 

7 only about 24,000 of approximately 54,000,000 ele8 mentary and secondary school children in the United 

9 States are studying Chinese. 

10 (8) There is a significant shortage of trained 

11 and qualified mathematics and science teachers in 

12 the United States. According to the National Science 

13 Board, in 2002, between 17 and 28 percent of public 

14 secondary school science teachers (depending on the 

15 specific scientific field), and 20 percent of public sec16 ondary school mathematics teachers, lacked full cer17 tification in their teaching field. 

(9) More than 1 18 ⁄2 of the 20 fastest growing oc19 cupations require postsecondary degrees in mathe20 matics or science. According to the National Science 

21 Board, out of more than 15,000,000 college stu22 dents, less than 400,000 Americans a year graduate 

23 with a bachelor’s degree in mathematics, science, en24 gineering, or technology. According to the National 

25 Science Foundation, only 75,000 American underVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 graduate students obtain a master’s degree in math2 ematics, science, engineering, or technology. 

3 (10) In a 2002 Government Accountability Of4 fice report, the United States Army reported that it 

5 was experiencing serious shortfalls of translators and 

6 interpreters in 5 of its 6 critical languages: Arabic, 

7 Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Persian-Farsi, and Rus8 sian. According to the Modern Language Associa9 tion, enrollment in foreign languages declined from 

10 16 percent of college students in 1965 to 8 percent 

11 in 1974, rebounding to just 8.6 percent in 2002. 

12 Less commonly taught languages accounted for only 

13 12 percent of all language enrollments. This means 

14 that 1 percent of American undergraduate students 

15 are studying these critical languages. 

16 (11) In 2002, 79 percent of Americans agreed 

17 that students should have a study-abroad experience 

18 sometime during college. Only 1 percent of all 

19 United States undergraduate students studied 

20 abroad in the 2001–2002 school year. 

21 (12) The Government Accountability Office es22 timates that the number of students enrolled in 

23 science, technology, engineering, or mathematics 

24 doctoral degree programs at United States institu25 tions of higher education declined from 217,395 durVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 ing the 1995–1996 academic year to 198,504 during 

2 the 2003–2004 academic year. 

3 (13) The extent of this crisis requires a coordi4 nated Federal response and an increased Federal in5 vestment in programs of the Department of Edu6 cation and the National Science Foundation. 

7 TITLE I—MODERNIZING 

8 AMERICA’S EDUCATION SYSTEM 

9 Subtitle A—Prekindergarten 

10 Through Grade 16 Education 

11 SEC. 111. PURPOSES. 

12 The purposes of this subtitle are the following: 

13 (1) To ensure students receive an education 

14 competitive with other industrialized countries. 

15 (2) To assist States in improving the rigor of 

16 standards and assessments. 

17 (3) To provide for the establishment of pre18 kindergarten through grade 16 student preparedness 

19 councils to better link early childhood education and 

20 school readiness with elementary school success, ele21 mentary student skills with success in secondary 

22 school, and secondary student skills and curricula, 

23 especially with respect to reading, mathematics, and 

24 science, with the demands of higher education, the 


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1 21st century workforce, and the Armed Forces, in 

2 order to— 

3 (A) ensure that greater number of stu4 dents, especially low-income and minority stu5 dents, complete secondary school with the 

6 coursework and skills necessary to enter— 

7 (i) credit-bearing coursework in higher 

8 education without the need for remedi9 ation; 

10 (ii) high-paying employment in the 

11 21st century workforce; or 

12 (iii) the Armed Forces. 

13 (4) To establish a system that encourages local 

14 educational agencies to adopt a curriculum that 

15 meets State academic content standards and student 

16 academic achievement standards and prepares all 

17 students for success in elementary school, secondary 

18 school, and post-secondary endeavors in the 21st 

19 century. 

20 SEC. 112. DEFINITIONS. 

21 In this subtitle: 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—The terms ‘‘elementary 

23 school’’, ‘‘limited English proficient’’, ‘‘local edu24 cational agency’’, ‘‘scientifically based research’’, 

25 ‘‘secondary school’’, ‘‘Secretary’’, and ‘‘State eduVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 cational agency’’ have the meanings given such 

2 terms in section 9101 of the Elementary and Sec3 ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801). 

4 (2) ACADEMIC CONTENT STANDARDS; STUDENT

5 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT STANDARDS.—The terms 

6 ‘‘academic content standards’’ and ‘‘student aca7 demic achievement standards’’, when used with re8 spect to a particular State, mean the academic con9 tent standards and student academic achievement 

10 standards adopted by a State under section 

11 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Edu12 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(1)). 

13 (3) 21ST CENTURY CURRICULUM.—The term 

14 ‘‘21st century curriculum’’ means a course of study 

15 identified by a State as preparing secondary school 

16 students for entrance into credit-bearing coursework 

17 in higher education without the need for remedi18 ation, employment in the 21st century workforce, or 

19 entrance into the Armed Forces. A State shall define 

20 the 21st century curriculum in terms of content as 

21 well as course names. 

22 (4) END OF COURSE EXAMINATION.—The term 

23 ‘‘end of course examination’’ means an assessment 

24 of student learning given at the end of a particular 

25 course that is used to measure student learning of 


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1 State academic content standards in the subject 

2 matter of the course. 

3 (5) GRADUATION RATE.—The term ‘‘graduation 

4 rate’’ means the percentage of students who grad5 uate from secondary school with a regular diploma 

6 in the standard number of years. 

7 (6) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 

8 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 

9 meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the 

10 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 

11 (7) PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.—The term 

12 ‘‘professional development’’ includes activities that— 

13 (A) improve and increase teachers’ knowl14 edge of the academic subjects the teachers 

15 teach, and enable teachers to become highly 

16 qualified; 

17 (B) are an integral part of broad edu18 cational improvement plans across the school 

19 and across the local educational agency; 

20 (C) give teachers, principals, and adminis21 trators the knowledge and skills to provide stu22 dents with the opportunity to meet the State 

23 academic content standards and student aca24 demic achievement standards and the 21st cen25 tury curriculum demands; 


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1 (D) are high-quality, sustained, intensive, 

2 and classroom-focused, in order to have a posi3 tive and lasting effect on classroom instruction 

4 and the teacher’s performance in the classroom; 

5 (E) advance teacher understanding of ef6 fective instructional strategies that are based on 

7 scientifically based research and are directly 

8 aligned with the State academic content stand9 ards and State assessments; 

10 (F) are designed to give teachers the 

11 knowledge and skills to provide instruction and 

12 appropriate language and academic support 

13 services to limited English proficient students 

14 and students with special needs, including the 

15 appropriate use of curricula and assessments; 

16 (G) are, as a whole, regularly evaluated for 

17 their impact on increased teacher effectiveness 

18 and improved student academic achievement, 

19 with the findings of the evaluations used to im20 prove the quality of professional development; 

21 and 

22 (H) include instruction in the use of data 

23 and assessments to inform and instruct class24 room practice. 


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1 (8) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 

2 the several States of the United States, the District 

3 of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the 

4 United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American 

5 Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 

6 Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the 

7 Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of 

8 Palau. 

9 (9) STATE ASSESSMENT.—The term ‘‘State as10 sessment’’, when used with respect to a particular 

11 State, means the student academic assessments im12 plemented by the State pursuant to section 

13 1111(b)(3) of the Elementary and Secondary Edu14 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(3)). 

15 (10) STUDENT PREPAREDNESS.—The term 

16 ‘‘student preparedness’’ means preparedness based 

17 on the knowledge and skills that— 

18 (A) are prerequisites for entrance into— 

19 (i) credit-bearing coursework in higher 

20 education without the need for remedi21 ation; 

22 (ii) the 21st century workforce; and 

23 (iii) the Armed Forces; 


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1 (B) can be measured and verified objec2 tively using widely accepted professional assess3 ment standards; and 

4 (C) are consistent with widely accepted 

5 professional assessment standards and competi6 tive with international levels of preparedness of 

7 students for postsecondary success. 

8 SEC. 113. ALIGNING STATE STANDARDS WITH NATIONAL 

9 BENCHMARKS. 

10 (a) REPORT ON RESULTS OF STATE ASSESSMENTS

11 AND NATIONAL ASSESSMENT.—Not later than 90 days 

12 after each release of the results of the National Assess13 ment of Educational Progress (as carried out under sec14 tion 303(b)(2) of the National Assessment of Educational 

15 Progress Authorization Act (20 U.S.C. 9622(b)(2)) and 

16 section 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary and Secondary Edu17 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(c)(2)) in reading or 

18 mathematics (or, beginning in 2009, science) in grades 4 

19 and 8, the Secretary shall— 

20 (1) prepare and submit to Congress the report 

21 described in subsection (b) on the results of the 

22 State assessments and the assessments of reading 

23 and mathematics, and, beginning in 2009, science, 

24 in grades 4 and 8, required under section 1111(c)(2) 


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1 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

2 1965; and 

3 (2) identify States with significant discrepancies 

4 in performance between the 2 assessments, as de5 scribed in subsection (b)(3). 

6 (b) CONTENTS OF REPORT.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—The report described in this 

8 subsection shall include the following information for 

9 each subject area and grade described in subsection 

10 (a)(1) in each State: 

11 (A) The percentage of students who per12 formed at or above the basic level on the State 

13 assessment— 

14 (i) for the most recent applicable year; 

15 (ii) for the preceding year; and 

16 (iii) for the previous year in which the 

17 assessment required under section 

18 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary and Sec19 ondary Education Act of 1965 was given 

20 in such subject, 

21 and the change in such percentages between 

22 those assessments. 

23 (B) The percentage of students who per24 formed at or above the proficient level on the 

25 State assessment— 


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1 (i) for the most recent applicable year; 

2 (ii) for the preceding year; and 

3 (iii) for the previous year in which the 

4 assessment required under section 

5 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary and Sec6 ondary Education Act of 1965 was given 

7 in such subject, 

8 and the change in such percentages between 

9 those assessments. 

10 (C) The percentage of students who per11 formed at or above the basic level on the assess12 ment required under section 1111(c)(2) of the 

13 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

14 1965— 

15 (i) for the most recent applicable year; 

16 and 

17 (ii) for the previous such assessment, 

18 and the change in such percentages between 

19 those assessments. 

20 (D) The percentage of students who per21 formed at or above the proficient level on the 

22 assessment required under section 1111(c)(2) 

23 of the Elementary and Secondary Education 

24 Act of 1965— 


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1 (i) for the most recent applicable year; 

2 and 

3 (ii) for the previous such assessment, 

4 and the change in such percentages between 

5 those assessments. 

6 (E) The difference between— 

7 (i) the percentage of students who 

8 performed at or above the basic level for 

9 the most recent applicable year on the as10 sessment required under section 

11 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary and Sec12 ondary Education Act of 1965; and 

13 (ii) the percentage of students who 

14 performed at or above the basic level on 

15 the State assessment for such year. 

16 (F) The difference between— 

17 (i) the percentage of students who 

18 performed at or above the proficient level 

19 for the most recent applicable year on the 

20 assessment required under section 

21 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary and Sec22 ondary Education Act of 1965; and 

23 (ii) the percentage of students who 

24 performed at or above the proficient level 

25 on the State assessment for such year. 


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1 (2) ANALYSIS.—In addition to the information 

2 described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall in3 clude in the report— 

4 (A) an analysis of how the achievement of 

5 students in grades 4, 8, and 12, and the pre6 paredness of students in grade 12 (when such 

7 data on preparedness exists from assessments 

8 described in section 303 of the National Assess9 ment of Educational Progress Authorization 

10 Act), in the United States compares to the 

11 achievement and preparedness of students in 

12 other industrialized countries; and 

13 (B) possible reasons for any deficiencies 

14 identified in the achievement or preparedness of 

15 United States students compared to students in 

16 other industrialized countries. 

17 (3) RANKING.—The Secretary shall— 

18 (A) using the information described in 

19 paragraph (1), rank the States according to the 

20 degree to which student performance on State 

21 assessments differs from performance on the 

22 assessments required under section 1111(c)(2) 

23 of the Elementary and Secondary Education 

24 Act of 1965; and 


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1 (B) identify those States with the most 

2 significant discrepancies in performance be3 tween the State assessments and the assess4 ments required under section 1111(c)(2) of the 

5 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

6 1965. 

7 (c) REPORT ON STATE PROGRESS.—Beginning 5 

8 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec9 retary shall include in the report described in subsection 

10 (a)(1) the following: 

11 (1) Information about the progress made by 

12 States to decrease discrepancies in student perform13 ance on the State assessments and the assessments 

14 required under section 1111(c)(2) of the Elementary 

15 and Secondary Education Act of 1965. 

16 (2) The differences that exist in States across 

17 subject areas and grades. 

18 SEC. 114. NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL 

19 PROGRESS CHANGES. 

20 (a) NATIONAL ASSESSMENT GOVERNING BOARD.— 

21 Section 302 of the National Assessment of Educational 

22 Progress Authorization Act (20 U.S.C. 9621) is amend23 ed— 


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1 (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘shall formu2 late’’ and all that follows through the period at the 

3 end and inserting ‘‘shall— 

4 ‘‘(1) formulate policy guidelines for the Na5 tional Assessment of Educational Progress (carried 

6 out under section 303); and 

7 ‘‘(2) carry out, upon the request of a State, an 

8 alignment analysis (under section 304) comparing a 

9 State’s academic content standards and student aca10 demic achievement standards adopted under section 

11 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Edu12 cation Act of 1965, assessment specifications, as13 sessment questions, and performance standards with 

14 national benchmarks reflected in the assessments 

15 authorized under this Act.’’; 

16 (2) in subsection (b)(1), by adding at the end 

17 the following: 

18 ‘‘(O) One representative of the Armed 

19 Forces with expertise in military personnel re20 quirements and military preparedness, who 

21 shall serve as an ex-officio, nonvoting mem22 ber.’’; 

23 (3) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4); 

24 (4) in subsection (e)— 

25 (A) in paragraph (1)— 


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1 (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting 

2 ‘‘and grade 12 student preparedness lev3 els’’ after ‘‘achievement levels’’; 

4 (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 

5 ‘‘members of the business and military 

6 communities,’’ after ‘‘parents,’’; 

7 (iii) in subparagraph (E), by inserting 

8 ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘subject matter,’’; 

9 (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs 

10 (G), (H), (I), and (J) as subparagraphs 

11 (H), (I), (K), and (L), respectively; 

12 (v) by inserting after subparagraph 

13 (F) the following: 

14 ‘‘(G) consistent with section 303, measure 

15 grade 12 student preparedness;’’; 

16 (vi) by inserting after subparagraph 

17 (I) (as redesignated by clause (iv)) the fol18 lowing: 

19 ‘‘(J) ensure the rigor of the National As20 sessment of Educational Progress framework 

21 and assessments, taking into consideration— 

22 ‘‘(i) the knowledge and skills that are 

23 prerequisite to credit-bearing coursework 

24 in higher education without the need for 


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1 remediation, the 21st century workforce, 

2 and the Armed Forces; and 

3 ‘‘(ii) rigorous international content 

4 and performance standards, and how the 

5 achievement of students in grades 4, 8, 

6 and 12, and the preparedness of students 

7 in grade 12, in the United States compare 

8 to the achievement and the preparedness of 

9 students in other industrialized coun10 tries;’’; 

11 (vii) in subparagraph (K) (as redesig12 nated by clause (iv)), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

13 after the semicolon; 

14 (viii) in subparagraph (L) (as redesig15 nated by clause (iv)), by striking the period 

16 and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 

17 (ix) by inserting after subparagraph 

18 (L) the following: 

19 ‘‘(M) conduct an alignment analysis as de20 scribed in section 304 for each State that re21 quests such analysis.’’; and 

22 (x) in the flush matter at the end— 

23 (I) by inserting ‘‘for an assess24 ment’’ after ‘‘data’’; 


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1 (II) by inserting ‘‘Assessment 

2 Board’s’’ after ‘‘prior to the’’; and 

3 (III) by striking ‘‘(J)’’ and in4 serting ‘‘(L)’’; 

5 (B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘of 

6 Educational Progress’’ after ‘‘National Assess7 ment’’; 

8 (C) in paragraph (5), in the paragraph 

9 heading, by inserting ‘‘ADVICE’’ after ‘‘TECH10 NICAL’’; and 

11 (D) in paragraph (6), by inserting ‘‘or 

12 grade 12 student preparedness levels’’ after 

13 ‘‘student achievement levels’’; and 

14 (5) in subsection (g)(1), by inserting ‘‘of Edu15 cational Progress’’ after ‘‘National Assessment’’. 

16 (b) NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL

17 PROGRESS.—Section 303 of the National Assessment of 

18 Educational Progress Authorization Act (20 U.S.C. 9622) 

19 is amended— 

20 (1) in subsection (b)— 

21 (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 

22 ‘‘PURPOSE’’ and inserting ‘‘PURPOSES’’; 

23 (B) by striking paragraph (1) and insert24 ing the following: 


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1 ‘‘(1) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section 

2 are— 

3 ‘‘(A) to provide, in a timely manner, a fair 

4 and accurate measurement of student achieve5 ment and grade 12 student preparedness in 

6 reading, mathematics, science, and other sub7 ject matter as specified in this section; and 

8 ‘‘(B) to report trends in student achieve9 ment and grade 12 student preparedness in 

10 reading, mathematics, science, and other sub11 ject matter as specified in this section.’’; 

12 (C) in paragraph (2)— 

13 (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

14 ‘‘reading and mathematics’’ and inserting 

15 ‘‘reading, mathematics, and science’’; 

16 (ii) by striking subparagraph (C) and 

17 inserting the following: 

18 ‘‘(C) conduct a national assessment and 

19 collect and report assessment data, including 

20 achievement and student preparedness data 

21 trends, in a valid and reliable manner on stu22 dent academic achievement and student pre23 paredness in public and private schools in read24 ing, mathematics, and science at least once 

25 every 2 years in grade 12;’’; 


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1 (iii) in subparagraph (D)— 

2 (I) by striking ‘‘subparagraph 

3 (B) are implemented and the require4 ments described in subparagraph (C) 

5 are met,’’ and inserting ‘‘subpara6 graphs (B) and (C) are imple7 mented,’’; and 

8 (II) by striking ‘‘science,’’; 

9 (iv) in subparagraph (E)— 

10 (I) by striking ‘‘reading and 

11 mathematics’’ and inserting ‘‘reading, 

12 mathematics, and science’’; and 

13 (II) by striking ‘‘subparagraph 

14 (B)’’ and inserting ‘‘subparagraphs 

15 (B) and (C)’’; and 

16 (v) in subparagraph (H), by striking 

17 ‘‘achievement data’’ and inserting ‘‘student 

18 achievement data and grade 12 student 

19 preparedness data’’; 

20 (D) in paragraph (3)— 

21 (i) in subparagraph (A)— 

22 (I) in clause (i), by striking 

23 ‘‘reading and mathematics’’ and in24 serting ‘‘reading, mathematics, and 

25 science’’; 


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1 (II) in clause (ii)— 

2 (aa) by inserting ‘‘and grade 

3 12 student preparedness’’ after 

4 ‘‘achievement’’; and 

5 (bb) by striking ‘‘reading 

6 and mathematics’’ and inserting 

7 ‘‘reading, mathematics, and 

8 science’’; and 

9 (III) in clause (iv), by striking 

10 ‘‘an evaluation’’ and inserting ‘‘a re11 view’’; and 

12 (ii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by strik13 ing ‘‘reading and mathematics’’ and insert14 ing ‘‘reading, mathematics, and science’’; 

15 (E) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ‘‘, re16 quire, or influence’’ and inserting ‘‘or require’’; 

17 and 

18 (F) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking ‘‘aca19 demic achievement’’ and inserting ‘‘academic 

20 achievement or grade 12 student prepared21 ness’’; 

22 (2) in subsection (c)(3)(A), by striking ‘‘aca23 demic achievement’’ and inserting ‘‘academic 

24 achievement or grade 12 preparedness’’; 

25 (3) in subsection (d)(3)— 


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1 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

2 ‘‘reading and mathematics in grades 4 and 8’’ 

3 and inserting ‘‘reading, mathematics, and 

4 science in grades 4 and 8’’; and 

5 (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

6 ‘‘reading and mathematics assessments in 

7 grades 4 and 8’’ and inserting ‘‘reading, mathe8 matics, and science assessments in grades 4 

9 and 8’’; 

10 (4) in subsection (e)— 

11 (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 

12 ‘‘AND GRADE 12 STUDENT PREPAREDNESS

13 LEVELS’’ after ‘‘LEVELS’’; 

14 (B) in paragraph (1)— 

15 (i) by striking the paragraph heading 

16 and inserting ‘‘DEVELOPMENT.—’’; and 

17 (ii) by inserting ‘‘, and develop grade 

18 12 student preparedness levels’’ after 

19 ‘‘subsection (b)(2)(F)’’; 

20 (C) in paragraph (2)— 

21 (i) by striking subparagraph (A) and 

22 inserting the following: 

23 ‘‘(A) STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND GRADE

24 12 PREPAREDNESS LEVELS.— 


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1 ‘‘(i) STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT LEV2 ELS.—The student achievement levels de3 scribed in paragraph (1) shall be deter4 mined by— 

5 ‘‘(I) identifying the knowledge 

6 and skills that— 

7 ‘‘(aa) are prerequisite to 

8 credit-bearing coursework in 

9 higher education without the 

10 need for remediation in English, 

11 mathematics, or science, partici12 pation in the 21st century work13 force, and the Armed Forces or, 

14 in the case of grade 4 and grade 

15 8 students, are prerequisite to 

16 grade 12 preparedness; 

17 ‘‘(bb) are competitive with 

18 rigorous international content 

19 and performance standards; and 

20 ‘‘(cc) can be measured and 

21 verified objectively using widely 

22 accepted professional assessment 

23 standards; and 

24 ‘‘(II) developing student achieve25 ment levels that are— 


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1 ‘‘(aa) based on the knowl2 edge and skills identified in sub3 clause (I); 

4 ‘‘(bb) based on the appro5 priate level of subject matter 

6 knowledge for the grade levels to 

7 be assessed, or the age of the 

8 students, as the case may be; and 

9 ‘‘(cc) consistent with rel10 evant widely accepted profes11 sional assessment standards. 

12 ‘‘(ii) GRADE 12 STUDENT PREPARED13 NESS LEVELS.—The grade 12 student pre14 paredness levels described in paragraph (1) 

15 shall be determined by— 

16 ‘‘(I) identifying the knowledge 

17 and skills that— 

18 ‘‘(aa) are prerequisite to 

19 credit-bearing coursework in 

20 higher education without the 

21 need for remediation in English, 

22 mathematics, or science, partici23 pation in the 21st century work24 force, and the Armed Forces; 


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1 ‘‘(bb) are competitive with 

2 rigorous international content 

3 and performance standards; and 

4 ‘‘(cc) can be measured and 

5 verified objectively using widely 

6 accepted professional assessment 

7 standards; and 

8 ‘‘(II) developing grade 12 student 

9 preparedness levels that are— 

10 ‘‘(aa) based on the knowl11 edge and skills identified in sub12 clause (I); and 

13 ‘‘(bb) consistent with widely 

14 accepted professional assessment 

15 standards.’’; and 

16 (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 

17 ‘‘achievement levels’’ and inserting ‘‘stu18 dent achievement levels and grade 12 stu19 dent preparedness levels’’; 

20 (D) in paragraph (3)— 

21 (i) by striking ‘‘After determining 

22 that such levels’’ and inserting ‘‘After de23 termining that the student achievement 

24 levels and grade 12 student preparedness 

25 levels’’; and 


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1 (ii) by striking ‘‘an evaluation’’ and 

2 inserting ‘‘a review’’; and 

3 (E) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘or 

4 grade 12 student preparedness levels’’ after 

5 ‘‘achievement levels’’; and 

6 (5) in subsection (f)(1)— 

7 (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 

8 ‘‘and grade 12 student preparedness levels’’ 

9 after ‘‘student achievement levels’’; and 

10 (B) in subparagraph (B)— 

11 (i) in clause (i), by inserting ‘‘or 

12 grade 12 student preparedness’’ after 

13 ‘‘achievement’’; 

14 (ii) in clause (ii), by inserting ‘‘and 

15 grade 12 student preparedness levels’’ 

16 after ‘‘achievement levels’’; 

17 (iii) by striking clause (iii) and insert18 ing the following: 

19 ‘‘(iii) whether any authorized assess20 ment is being administered as a random 

21 sample and is reporting the trends in stu22 dent achievement or grade 12 student pre23 paredness in a valid and reliable manner in 

24 the subject areas being assessed;’’; 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (iv) in clause (iv), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

2 after the semicolon; 

3 (v) in clause (v), by striking ‘‘and 

4 mathematical knowledge.’’ and inserting 

5 ‘‘and mathematical knowledge and sci6 entific knowledge; and’’; and 

7 (vi) by adding at the end the fol8 lowing: 

9 ‘‘(vi) whether the appropriate author10 ized assessments are measuring, consistent 

11 with this section, the preparedness of stu12 dents in grade 12 in the United States for 

13 entry into— 

14 ‘‘(I) credit-bearing coursework in 

15 higher education without the need for re16 mediation in English, mathematics, or 

17 science; 

18 ‘‘(II) the 21st century workforce; and 

19 ‘‘(III) the Armed Forces.’’. 

20 (c) NATIONAL BENCHMARKS.—The National Assess21 ment of Educational Progress Authorization Act (20 

22 U.S.C. 9621 et seq.) is amended— 

23 (1) by redesignating sections 304 and 305 as 

24 sections 305 and 306, respectively; and 

25 (2) by inserting after section 303 the following: 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 304. NATIONAL BENCHMARKS. 

2 ‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are— 

3 ‘‘(1) to encourage the coordination of, and con4 sistency between— 

5 ‘‘(A) a State’s academic content standards 

6 and student academic achievement standards 

7 adopted under section 1111(b)(1) of the Ele8 mentary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, 

9 assessment specifications, and assessment ques10 tions; and 

11 ‘‘(B) national benchmarks, as reflected in 

12 the National Assessment of Educational 

13 Progress; 

14 ‘‘(2) to assist States in increasing the rigor of 

15 their State academic content standards, student aca16 demic achievement standards, assessment specifica17 tions, and assessment questions, to ensure that such 

18 are competitive with rigorous national and inter19 national benchmarks; and 

20 ‘‘(3) to improve the instruction and academic 

21 achievement of students, beginning in the early 

22 grades, to ensure that secondary school graduates 

23 are well-prepared to enter— 

24 ‘‘(A) credit-bearing coursework in higher 

25 education without the need for remediation; 

26 ‘‘(B) the 21st century workforce; or 


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1 ‘‘(C) the Armed Forces. 

2 ‘‘(b) ALIGNMENT ANALYSIS.— 

3 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—When the chief State 

4 school officer of a State identifies a need for, and re5 quests the Assessment Board to conduct, an align6 ment analysis for the State in reading, mathematics, 

7 or science in grades 4 and 8, the Assessment Board 

8 shall perform an alignment analysis of the State’s 

9 academic content standards and student academic 

10 achievement standards adopted under section 

11 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Edu12 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(1)), assess13 ment specifications, and assessment questions, for 

14 the identified subject in grades 4 and 8. Such anal15 ysis shall begin not later than 180 days after the 

16 alignment analysis is requested. 

17 ‘‘(2) ASSESSMENT BOARD RESPONSIBILITIES.— 

18 As part of the alignment analysis, the Assessment 

19 Board shall— 

20 ‘‘(A) identify the differences between the 

21 State’s academic content standards and student 

22 academic achievement standards, assessment 

23 specifications, and assessment questions for the 

24 subject identified by the State, and national 

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1 ment of Educational Progress in such subject in 

2 grades 4 and 8; 

3 ‘‘(B) at the State’s request, recommend 

4 steps for, and policy questions such State 

5 should consider regarding, the alignment of the 

6 State’s academic content standards and student 

7 academic achievement standards in the identi8 fied subject, with national benchmarks reflected 

9 in the National Assessment of Educational 

10 Progress in such subject in grades 4 and 8; and 

11 ‘‘(C) at the State’s request, and in con12 junction with a State prekindergarten through 

13 grade 16 student preparedness council estab14 lished under section 115 of the New National 

15 Defense Education Act of 2006, assist in the 

16 development of a plan described in section 

17 115(e)(1)(C) of such Act. 

18 ‘‘(3) CONTRACT.—At the discretion of the As19 sessment Board, the Assessment Board may enter 

20 into a contract with an entity that possesses the 

21 technical expertise to conduct the analysis described 

22 in this subsection. 

23 ‘‘(4) STATE PANEL.—The chief State school of24 ficer of a State participating in an alignment anal25 ysis described in this subsection shall appoint a 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 panel of not less than 6 individuals to partner with 

2 the Assessment Board in conducting the alignment 

3 analysis. Such panel— 

4 ‘‘(A) shall include— 

5 ‘‘(i) local and State curriculum ex6 perts; 

7 ‘‘(ii) relevant content and pedagogy 

8 experts, including representatives of enti9 ties with widely accepted national edu10 cational standards and assessments; and 

11 ‘‘(iii) not less than 1 entity that pos12 sesses the technical expertise to assist the 

13 State in implementing standards-based re14 form, which may be the same entity with 

15 which the Assessment Board contracts to 

16 conduct the analysis under paragraph (3); 

17 and 

18 ‘‘(B) may include other State and local 

19 representatives and representatives of organiza20 tions with relevant expertise.’’. 

21 (d) DEFINITION OF SECRETARY.—Section 305 of the 

22 National Assessment of Educational Progress Authoriza23 tion Act (as redesignated by subsection (c)(1)) is amend24 ed— 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as para2 graph (3); and 

3 (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol4 lowing: 

5 ‘‘(2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means 

6 the Secretary of Education.’’. 

7 (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 

8 306(a) of the National Assessment of Educational 

9 Progress Authorization Act (as redesignated by subsection 

10 (c)(1)) is amended— 

11 (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 

12 following: 

13 ‘‘(1) for fiscal year 2007— 

14 ‘‘(A) $7,500,000 to carry out section 302; 

15 ‘‘(B) $200,000,000 to carry out section 

16 303; and 

17 ‘‘(C) $10,000,000 to carry out section 304; 

18 and’’; and 

19 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

20 (A) by striking ‘‘5 succeeding’’ and insert21 ing ‘‘4 succeeding’’; and 

22 (B) by striking ‘‘and 303, as amended by 

23 section 401 of this Act’’ and inserting ‘‘, 303, 

24 and 304’’. 

25 (f) CONFORMING CHANGES AND AMENDMENTS.— 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (1) CONFORMING CHANGES TO THE ELEMEN2 TARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.— 

3 (A) STATE PLANS.—Section 1111(c)(2) of 

4 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

5 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(c)(2)) is amended by 

6 striking ‘‘and mathematics’’ and inserting ‘‘, 

7 mathematics, and science’’. 

8 (B) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY

9 PLANS.—Section 1112(b)(1)(F) of the Elemen10 tary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

11 U.S.C. 6312(b)(1)(F)) is amended by striking 

12 ‘‘reading and mathematics’’ and inserting 

13 ‘‘reading, mathematics, and science’’. 

14 (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 

15 113(a)(1) of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 

16 2002 (20 U.S.C. 9513(a)(1)) is amended by striking 

17 ‘‘section 302(e)(1)(J)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 

18 302(e)(1)(L)’’. 

19 SEC. 115. PREKINDERGARTEN THROUGH GRADE 16 STU20 DENT PREPAREDNESS COUNCIL GRANTS. 

21 (a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—From amounts appropriated 

23 under subsection (g) for a fiscal year, the Secretary 

24 is authorized to award, on a competitive basis, 

25 grants to States for the purpose of allowing the 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 States to establish State prekindergarten through 

2 grade 16 student preparedness councils (referred to 

3 in this section as ‘‘councils’’) that— 

4 (A) convene stakeholders within the State 

5 and create a forum for identifying and delib6 erating on educational issues that cut across 

7 prekindergarten through grade 12 education 

8 and higher education, and transcend any single 

9 system of education’s ability to address; 

10 (B) develop and implement a plan for im11 proving the rigor of a State’s academic content 

12 standards, student academic achievement stand13 ards, assessment specifications, and assessment 

14 questions as necessary, to ensure such stand15 ards and assessments meet national and inter16 national benchmarks as reflected in the assess17 ments required under section 303(b)(2) of the 

18 National Assessment of Educational Progress 

19 Authorization Act (20 U.S.C. 9622(b)(2)) or as 

20 defined by the council as necessary for success 

21 in credit-bearing coursework in higher edu22 cation without the need for remediation, the 

23 21st century workforce, or the Armed Forces; 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (C) inform the design and implementation 

2 of integrated prekindergarten through grade 16 

3 data systems, which— 

4 (i) will allow the State to track the 

5 progress of individual students from pre6 kindergarten through grade 12 and into 

7 higher education; and 

8 (ii) shall be capable of being linked 

9 with appropriate databases on service in 

10 the Armed Forces and participation in the 

11 21st century workforce; and 

12 (D) shall develop challenging— 

13 (i) school readiness standards; 

14 (ii) curricula for elementary schools 

15 and middle schools; and 

16 (iii) 21st century curricula for sec17 ondary schools. 

18 (2) DURATION.—The Secretary shall award 

19 grants under this section for a period of not more 

20 than 5 years. 

21 (3) EXISTING STATE COUNCIL.—A State with 

22 an existing State council may qualify for the pur23 poses of a grant under this section if— 

24 (A) such council— 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (i) has the authority to carry out this 

2 section; and 

3 (ii) includes the members required 

4 under subsection (b); or 

5 (B) the State amends the membership or 

6 responsibilities of the existing council to meet 

7 the requirements of subparagraph (A). 

8 (b) COMPOSITION.— 

9 (1) REQUIRED MEMBERS.—The members of a 

10 council described in subsection (a) shall include— 

11 (A) the Governor of the State or the des12 ignee of the Governor; 

13 (B) the chief executive officer of the State 

14 public institution of higher education system, if 

15 such a position exists; 

16 (C) the chief executive officer of the State 

17 Higher Education Coordinating Board; 

18 (D) the chief State school officer; 

19 (E) not less than 1 representative each 

20 from— 

21 (i) the business community; and 

22 (ii) the Armed Forces; 

23 (F) a public elementary school teacher em24 ployed in the State; and 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (G) a public secondary school teacher em2 ployed in the State. 

3 (2) OPTIONAL MEMBERS.—The council de4 scribed in subsection (a) may also include— 

5 (A) a representative from— 

6 (i) a private institution of higher edu7 cation; 

8 (ii) the Chamber of Commerce for the 

9 State; 

10 (iii) a civic organization; 

11 (iv) a civil rights organization; 

12 (v) a community organization; or 

13 (vi) an organization with expertise in 

14 world cultures; 

15 (B) the State official responsible for eco16 nomic development, if such a position exists; or 

17 (C) a dean or similar representative for a 

18 school of education at an institution of higher 

19 education or a similar teacher certification or li20 censure program. 

21 (c) TIMELINE.—A State receiving a grant under this 

22 section shall establish a council (or use or amend an exist23 ing council in accordance with subsection (a)(3)) not later 

24 than 60 days after the receipt of the grant. 

25 (d) APPLICATION.— 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each State desiring a grant 

2 under this section shall submit an application to the 

3 Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accom4 panied by such information as the Secretary may 

5 reasonably require. 

6 (2) CONTENTS.—Each application submitted 

7 under paragraph (1) shall— 

8 (A) demonstrate that the opinions of the 

9 larger education, business, and military commu10 nity, including parents, students, teachers, 

11 teacher educators, principals, school administra12 tors, and business leaders, will be represented 

13 during the determination of the State academic 

14 content standards and student academic 

15 achievement standards, assessment specifica16 tions, assessment questions, and the develop17 ment of curricula, if applicable; 

18 (B) include a comprehensive plan to pro19 vide high-quality professional development for 

20 teachers, paraprofessionals, principals, and 

21 school administrators; 

22 (C) explain how the State will provide as23 sistance to local educational agencies in imple24 menting rigorous State standards through sub25 stantive curricula, including scientifically based 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 remediation and acceleration opportunities for 

2 students; and 

3 (D) explain how the State and the council 

4 will leverage additional State, local, and other 

5 funds to pursue curricular alignment and stu6 dent success. 

7 (e) USE OF FUNDS.— 

8 (1) REQUIRED ACTIVITIES.—A State receiving 

9 a grant under this section shall use the grant funds 

10 to establish a council that shall carry out the fol11 lowing: 

12 (A) Design and implement an integrated 

13 prekindergarten through grade 16 longitudinal 

14 data system for the State, if such system does 

15 not exist, that will allow the State to track the 

16 progress of students from prekindergarten, 

17 through grade 12, and into higher education, 

18 the 21st century workforce, and the Armed 

19 Forces. The data system shall— 

20 (i) include— 

21 (I) a unique statewide student 

22 identifier for each student; 

23 (II) student-level enrollment, de24 mographic, and program participation 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 information, including race or eth2 nicity, gender, and income status; 

3 (III) the ability to match indi4 vidual students’ test records from year 

5 to year to measure academic growth; 

6 (IV) information on untested stu7 dents; 

8 (V) a teacher identifier system 

9 with the ability to match teachers to 

10 students; 

11 (VI) student-level transcript in12 formation, including information on 

13 courses completed and grades earned; 

14 (VII) student-level college pre15 paredness examination scores; 

16 (VIII) student-level graduation 

17 and dropout data; 

18 (IX) the ability to match student 

19 records between the prekindergarten 

20 through grade 12 and the postsec21 ondary systems; 

22 (X) a State data audit system as23 sessing data quality, validity, and reli24 ability; 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (XI) rates of student attendance 

2 at institutions of higher education; 

3 (XII) rates of student enrollment 

4 and retention in the Armed Forces; 

5 and 

6 (XIII) student nonmilitary post7 secondary employment information; 

8 (ii) to the extent possible, coordinate 

9 with other relevant State databases, such 

10 as criminal justice or social services data 

11 systems; 

12 (iii) allow the State to analyze correla13 tions between course-taking patterns in 

14 prekindergarten through grade 12 and out15 comes after secondary school graduation, 

16 including— 

17 (I) entry into higher education; 

18 (II) the need for, and cost of, re19 mediation in higher education; 

20 (III) graduation from higher edu21 cation; 

22 (IV) entry into the 21st century 

23 workforce; 

24 (V) entry into the Armed Forces; 

25 and 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (VI) to the extent possible 

2 through linkages with appropriate 

3 databases on service in the Armed 

4 Forces and participation in the 21st 

5 century workforce, persistence in the 

6 Armed Forces and continued partici7 pation in the 21st century workforce; 

8 and 

9 (iv) ensure that the use of any avail10 able data does not allow for the public 

11 identification of the individual student’s 

12 personally identifiable information, and 

13 that all data shall be collected and main14 tained in accordance with section 444 of 

15 the General Education Provisions Act (20 

16 U.S.C. 1232g; commonly referred to as the 

17 Family Educational Rights and Privacy 

18 Act of 1974). 

19 (B) If an integrated prekindergarten 

20 through grade 16 longitudinal data system ex21 ists or is currently being built, ensure that it 

22 complies with the requirements described in 

23 subparagraph (A). 

24 (C) Develop and implement a plan to in25 crease the rigor of standards or assessments in 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 reading, mathematics, or science in order to 

2 better align such standards or assessments with 

3 national benchmarks reflected in the National 

4 Assessment of Educational Progress in grades 4 

5 and 8 (in accordance with the results of the 

6 alignment analysis conducted under section 304 

7 of the National Assessment of Educational 

8 Progress Authorization Act), and in other 

9 grades to ensure the alignment of kindergarten 

10 through grade 12 standards or assessments 

11 with the revisions made in grades 4 and 8, or 

12 to align such standards or assessments with the 

13 demands of higher education, the 21st century 

14 workforce, or the Armed Forces or other na15 tional and international benchmarks identified 

16 by the council. Such plan may include— 

17 (i) an articulation of the steps nec18 essary— 

19 (I) for revising the State aca20 demic content standards and student 

21 academic achievement standards, as22 sessment specifications, and assess23 ment questions for the identified sub24 ject; and 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (II) to better align the standards 

2 and the assessment specifications and 

3 questions described in subclause (I) 

4 with— 

5 (aa) national benchmarks as 

6 reflected in the National Assess7 ment of Educational Progress re8 quired under section 303 of the 

9 National Assessment of Edu10 cational Progress Authorization 

11 Act (20 U.S.C. 9622) for the 

12 identified subject; or 

13 (bb) the demands of higher 

14 education, the 21st century work15 force, or the Armed Forces or 

16 other national or international 

17 benchmarks identified by the 

18 council; 

19 (ii) an articulation of the steps nec20 essary and the process the State will un21 dertake to revise standards or assessments, 

22 or both, in the identified subject; 

23 (iii) a description of the partners the 

24 State will work with to revise standards or 

25 assessments, or both; and 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (iv) a description of the activities the 

2 State will undertake to implement the re3 vised standards or assessments, or both, at 

4 the State educational agency level and the 

5 local educational agency level, which activi6 ties may include— 

7 (I) preservice and in-service 

8 teacher, paraprofessional, principal, 

9 and school administrator training; 

10 (II) statewide meetings to pro11 vide professional development oppor12 tunities for teachers and administra13 tors; 

14 (III) development of curricula 

15 and instructional methods and mate16 rials; 

17 (IV) the redesign of existing as18 sessments, or the development or pur19 chase of new high-quality assess20 ments, with a focus on ensuring that 

21 such assessments are rigorous, meas22 ure significant depth of knowledge, 

23 use multiple measures and formats 

24 (such as student portfolios), and are 

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•S 3502 IS 

1 based, or differentiated instruction; 

2 and 

3 (V) other activities necessary for 

4 the effective implementation of the 

5 new State standards or assessments, 

6 or both. 

7 (D) Analyze the State’s level of prekinder8 garten through grade 16 curricular alignment 

9 and the success of the State’s education system 

10 in preparing students for higher education, the 

11 21st century workforce, and the Armed Forces 

12 by— 

13 (i) using the data produced by a data 

14 system described in subparagraph (A) or 

15 (B), or other information as appropriate; 

16 and 

17 (ii) exploring a possible agreement be18 tween the State educational agency and 

19 the higher education system in the State 

20 on a common assessment or assessments 

21 that— 

22 (I) shall follow established guide23 lines to guarantee reliability and va24 lidity; 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (II) shall provide adequate ac2 commodations for students who are 

3 limited English proficient and stu4 dents with disabilities; and 

5 (III) may be a placement exam6 ination, end of course examination, 

7 college, workforce, or Armed Forces 

8 preparedness examination, or admis9 sions examination, that measures sec10 ondary students’ preparedness to suc11 ceed in postsecondary, credit-bearing 

12 courses. 

13 (E) If the State has an officially des14 ignated college preparatory curriculum at the 

15 time the State applies for a grant under this 

16 section— 

17 (i) describe the extent to which stu18 dents who completed the college pre19 paratory curriculum are more or less suc20 cessful than other students, including stu21 dents who did not complete a college pre22 paratory curriculum, in entering and grad23 uating from a program of study at an in24 stitution of higher education or entering 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 the 21st century workforce or the Armed 

2 Forces; 

3 (ii) examine the extent to which the 

4 expectations of the college preparatory cur5 riculum are aligned with the entry stand6 ards of the State’s institutions of higher 

7 education, including whether such cur8 riculum enables secondary school students 

9 to enter credit-bearing coursework in high10 er education without the need for remedi11 ation; and 

12 (iii) examine the extent to which the 

13 curriculum allows graduates to attain the 

14 skills necessary to enter the 21st century 

15 workforce or the Armed Forces. 

16 (F) If the State has not designated a col17 lege preparatory curriculum at the time the 

18 State applied for a grant under this section, or 

19 if the curriculum described in subparagraph (E) 

20 does not result in a higher number of students 

21 enrolling in and graduating from institutions of 

22 higher education or entering the 21st century 

23 workforce or the Armed Forces, or is not 

24 aligned with the entry standards described in 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 subparagraph (E)(ii), develop a 21st century 

2 curriculum that— 

3 (i) may be adopted by the local edu4 cational agencies in the State for use in 

5 secondary schools; 

6 (ii) enables secondary school students 

7 to enter credit-bearing coursework in high8 er education without the need for remedi9 ation; 

10 (iii) allows graduates to attain the 

11 skills necessary to enter the 21st century 

12 workforce or the Armed Forces; 

13 (iv) reflects the input of teachers, 

14 principals, school administrators, and col15 lege faculty; and 

16 (v) focuses on providing rigorous core 

17 courses that reflect the State academic 

18 content standards and student academic 

19 achievement standards. 

20 (G) Develop and make available specific 

21 opportunities for extensive professional develop22 ment for teachers, paraprofessionals, principals, 

23 and school administrators, to improve instruc24 tion and support mechanisms for students using 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 a curriculum described in subparagraph (E) or 

2 (F). 

3 (H) Develop a plan to provide remediation 

4 and additional learning opportunities for stu5 dents below grade level to ensure that all stu6 dents will have the opportunity to meet the cur7 ricular standards of a curriculum described in 

8 subparagraph (E) or (F). 

9 (I) Use data gathered by the council to im10 prove instructional methods, better tailor stu11 dent support services, and serve as the basis for 

12 all school reform initiatives. 

13 (J) Implement activities designed to ensure 

14 the enrollment of all students in rigorous 

15 coursework, which may include— 

16 (i) specifying the courses and per17 formance levels required for acceptance 

18 into public institutions of higher education; 

19 (ii) collaborating with institutions of 

20 higher education or other State educational 

21 agencies to develop assessments aligned to 

22 State academic content standards and a 

23 curriculum described in subparagraph (E) 

24 or (F), which assessments may be used as 

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•S 3502 IS 

1 ondary school as well as for entrance or 

2 placement at institutions of higher edu3 cation; 

4 (iii) creating ties between elementary 

5 schools and secondary schools, and institu6 tions of higher education, to offer— 

7 (I) accelerated learning opportu8 nities, particularly with respect to 

9 mathematics, science, engineering, 

10 technology, and critical-need foreign 

11 languages (as determined by the Sec12 retary under section 222) to sec13 ondary school students, which may in14 clude— 

15 (aa) granting postsecondary 

16 credit for secondary school 

17 courses; 

18 (bb) providing early enroll19 ment opportunities in postsec20 ondary education for secondary 

21 students enrolled in postsec22 ondary-level coursework; 

23 (cc) creating dual enrollment 

24 programs; 


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1 (dd) creating satellite sec2 ondary school campuses on the 

3 campuses of institutions of high4 er education; and 

5 (ee) providing opportunities 

6 for higher education faculty who 

7 are highly qualified, as such term 

8 is defined in section 9101 of the 

9 Elementary and Secondary Edu10 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

11 7801), to teach credit-bearing 

12 postsecondary courses in sec13 ondary schools; and 

14 (II) professional development ac15 tivities for teachers, which may in16 clude— 

17 (aa) mentoring opportuni18 ties; and 

19 (bb) summer institutes; 

20 (iv) expanding or creating higher edu21 cation awareness programs for middle 

22 school and secondary school students; 

23 (v) expanding opportunities for stu24 dents to enroll in highly rigorous postsec25 ondary preparatory courses, such as AdVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 vanced Placement and International Bac2 calaureate courses; and 

3 (vi) developing a high-quality profes4 sional development curriculum to provide 

5 professional development opportunities for 

6 paraprofessionals, teachers, principals, and 

7 administrators. 

8 (2) PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION.—A 

9 State receiving a grant under this section may use 

10 grant funds received for the first fiscal year to form 

11 the council and plan the activities described in para12 graph (1). Grant funds received for subsequent fiscal 

13 years shall be used for the implementation of the ac14 tivities described in such paragraph. 

15 (f) REPORTS AND PUBLICATION.— 

16 (1) REPORTS.— 

17 (A) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 9 

18 months after a State receives a grant under 

19 this section, the State shall submit a report to 

20 the Secretary that includes— 

21 (i) an analysis of alignment and ar22 ticulation across the State’s systems of 

23 public education for prekindergarten 

24 through grade 16, including data that indi25 cates the percent of students who— 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (I) graduate from secondary 

2 school with a regular diploma in the 

3 standard number of years; 

4 (II) complete a curriculum de5 scribed in subparagraph (E) or (F) of 

6 subsection (e)(1); 

7 (III) matriculate into an institu8 tion of higher education 

9 (disaggregated by 2-year and 4-year 

10 degree-granting programs); 

11 (IV) are secondary school grad12 uates who need remediation in read13 ing, writing, mathematics, or science 

14 before pursuing credit-bearing post15 secondary courses in English, mathe16 matics, or science; 

17 (V) persist in an institution of 

18 higher education into the second year; 

19 and 

20 (VI) graduate from an institution 

21 of higher education within 150 per22 cent of the expected time for degree 

23 completion (within 3 years for a 2- 

24 year degree program and within 6 

25 years for a baccalaureate degree); 


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1 (ii) an analysis of the strengths and 

2 weaknesses of the State— 

3 (I) in transitioning students from 

4 the prekindergarten through grade 12 

5 education system into higher edu6 cation, the 21st century workforce, 

7 and the Armed Forces; and 

8 (II) in transitioning students 

9 from the prekindergarten through 

10 grade 12 education system into math11 ematics, science, engineering, tech12 nology, and critical-need foreign lan13 guage degree programs at institutions 

14 of higher education; 

15 (iii) an analysis of the quality and 

16 rigor of the State’s curriculum described in 

17 subparagraph (E) or (F) of subsection 

18 (e)(1), and the accessibility of the cur19 riculum to all students in prekindergarten 

20 through grade 12; 

21 (iv) an analysis of the strengths and 

22 weaknesses of the State in recruiting, re23 taining, and supporting qualified teachers, 

24 including— 


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1 (I) whether the State needs to re2 cruit additional teachers at the sec3 ondary level for specific subjects (such 

4 as mathematics, science, engineering 

5 and technology education, (as such 

6 term is defined in section 9101 of the 

7 Elementary and Secondary Education 

8 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801), and 

9 critical-need foreign languages (as de10 termined by the Secretary under sec11 tion 222)), particular schools, or local 

12 educational agencies; and 

13 (II) recommendations on how to 

14 set and achieve goals in this pursuit; 

15 and 

16 (v) a detailed action plan that de17 scribes how the council will accomplish the 

18 goals and tasks required by the grant 

19 under this section, including a timeline for 

20 accomplishing all activities under the 

21 grant. 

22 (B) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Not later than 1 

23 year following the submission of the initial re24 port described in subparagraph (A), and annu25 ally thereafter for the duration of the grant, a 


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1 State receiving a grant under this section shall 

2 prepare and submit to the Secretary a report 

3 that describes the State’s progress in accom4 plishing the goals and tasks required by the 

5 grant, including progress on each item de6 scribed in subparagraph (A). The final annual 

7 report under this subparagraph shall be sub8 mitted 1 year after the expiration of the grant. 

9 (2) PUBLICATION.—A State submitting a re10 port in accordance with this subsection shall publish 

11 and widely disseminate the report to the public, in12 cluding posting the report on the Internet. 

13 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

14 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

15 $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, and such sums as may 

16 be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 

17 SEC. 116. COLLABORATIVE STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENTS 

18 GRANTS. 

19 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

20 (1) ELIGIBLE STATE.—The term ‘‘eligible 

21 State’’ means a State that demonstrates that it has 

22 analyzed and, where applicable, revised the State 

23 standards and assessments, through participation in 

24 a prekindergarten through grade 16 student pre25 paredness council described in section 115 or 


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1 through other State action, to ensure the standards 

2 and assessments— 

3 (A) are aligned with the demands of the 

4 21st century; and 

5 (B) prepare students for entry into— 

6 (i) credit-bearing coursework in higher 

7 education without the need for remedi8 ation; 

9 (ii) the 21st century workforce; and 

10 (iii) the Armed Forces 

11 (2) ELIGIBLE CONSORTIUM.— 

12 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘eligible con13 sortium’’ means a consortium of 2 or more eli14 gible States that agrees to allow the Secretary, 

15 under subsection (e), to make available any as16 sessment developed by the consortium under 

17 this section to a State that so requests, includ18 ing a State that is not a member of the consor19 tium. 

20 (B) ADDITIONAL MEMBERS.—An eligible 

21 consortium may include, in addition to 2 or 

22 more eligible States, an entity with the tech23 nical expertise to carry out a grant under this 

24 section. 


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1 (b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—From amounts author2 ized under subsection (f), the Secretary shall award 

3 grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible consortia to en4 able the eligible consortia to develop common standards 

5 and assessments that— 

6 (1) are highly rigorous, internationally competi7 tive, and aligned with the demands of higher edu8 cation, the 21st century workforce, and the Armed 

9 Forces; and 

10 (2) in the case of assessments, set rigorous per11 formance standards comparable to rigorous national 

12 and international benchmarks. 

13 (c) APPLICATION.—An eligible consortium desiring a 

14 grant under this section shall submit an application to the 

15 Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing 

16 such information as the Secretary may require. 

17 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the end 

18 of the grant period, an eligible consortium receiving a 

19 grant under this section shall prepare and submit a report 

20 to the Secretary describing the grant activities. 

21 (e) AVAILABILITY OF ASSESSMENTS.—The Secretary 

22 shall— 

23 (1) make available, to a State that so requests 

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1 quality assessment developed by an eligible consor2 tium under this section; and 

3 (2) notify potential eligible States, at reasonable 

4 intervals, of all assessments currently under develop5 ment by eligible consortia under this section. 

6 (f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

7 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

8 $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums as are 

9 necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 

10 Subtitle B—Investing in Teachers 

11 SEC. 121. PURPOSE. 

12 The purpose of this subtitle is to increase the number 

13 and quality of teachers of mathematics, science, engineer14 ing and technology education, and critical-need foreign 

15 languages, in order to prepare students for entry into 

16 credit-bearing courses in higher education without the 

17 need for remediation, the 21st century workforce, and the 

18 Armed Forces. 

19 SEC. 122. DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 

20 EDUCATION. 

21 (a) ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT

22 OF 1965.—Section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary 

23 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801) is amended— 


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1 (1) by redesignating paragraphs (19) through 

2 (43) as paragraphs (20) through (44), respectively; 

3 and 

4 (2) by inserting after paragraph (18) the fol5 lowing: 

6 ‘‘(19) ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY EDU7 CATION.—The term ‘engineering and technology 

8 education’ means a curriculum and instruction 

9 that— 

10 ‘‘(A) uses technology as a knowledge base 

11 or as a way of teaching innovation using an en12 gineering design process and context; 

13 ‘‘(B) develops an appreciation and funda14 mental understanding of technology through de15 sign skills and the use of materials, tools, proc16 esses, and limited resources; 

17 ‘‘(C) is taught in conjunction with applied 

18 mathematics, science, language arts, fine arts, 

19 and social studies as a part of a comprehensive 

20 education; 

21 ‘‘(D) applies the use of tools and skills em22 ployed by a globalized skilled 21st century 

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1 tems, biomedical systems, transportation sys2 tems, and other related fields; and 

3 ‘‘(E) through the application of engineer4 ing principles and concepts, develops proficiency 

5 in abstract ideas and in problem-solving tech6 niques that build a comprehensive education.’’. 

7 (b) HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.—Section 103 

8 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1003) 

9 is amended— 

10 (1) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through 

11 (16) as paragraphs (6) through (17), respectively; 

12 and 

13 (2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the fol14 lowing: 

15 ‘‘(5) ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY EDU16 CATION.—The term ‘engineering and technology 

17 education’ has the meaning given the term in section 

18 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education 

19 Act of 1965.’’. 

20 SEC. 123. EXPANDING TEACHER LOAN FORGIVENESS. 

21 (a) INCREASED AMOUNT; APPLICABILITY OF EX22 PANDED PROGRAM TO READING SPECIALIST.—Sections 

23 428J(c)(3) and 460(c)(3) of the Higher Education Act of 

24 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078–10(c)(3), 1087j(c)(3)) are each 

25 amended— 


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1 (1) by striking the paragraph heading and in2 serting ‘‘ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS FOR TEACHERS IN

3 MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECH4 NOLOGY EDUCATION, A CRITICAL-NEED FOREIGN

5 LANGUAGE, OR SPECIAL EDUCATION’’; 

6 (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), 

7 by striking ‘‘$17,500’’ and inserting ‘‘$23,000’’; and 

8 (3) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ‘‘or 

9 science’’ and all that follows through ‘‘; and’’ and in10 serting ‘‘, science, engineering and technology edu11 cation, or a critical-need foreign language (as deter12 mined by the Secretary under section 222 of the 

13 New National Defense Education Act of 2006), on 

14 a full-time basis; and’’. 

15 (b) ANNUAL INCREMENTS INSTEAD OF END OF

16 SERVICE LUMP SUMS.— 

17 (1) FFEL LOANS.—Section 428J(c) of the 

18 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078– 

19 10(c)) is amended by adding at the end the fol20 lowing: 

21 ‘‘(4) ANNUAL INCREMENTS.—Notwithstanding 

22 paragraph (1), in the case of an individual quali23 fying for loan forgiveness under paragraph (3), the 

24 Secretary shall, in lieu of waiting to assume an obliVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 gation only upon completion of 5 complete years of 

2 service, assume the obligation to repay— 

3 ‘‘(A) after each of the first and second 

4 years of service by an individual in a position 

5 qualifying under paragraph (3), 15 percent of 

6 the total amount of principal and interest of the 

7 loans described in paragraph (1) to such indi8 vidual that are outstanding immediately pre9 ceding such first year of such service; 

10 ‘‘(B) after each of the third and fourth 

11 years of such service, 20 percent of such total 

12 amount; and 

13 ‘‘(C) after the fifth year of such service, 30 

14 percent of such total amount.’’. 

15 (2) DIRECT LOANS.—Section 460(c) of the 

16 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087j(c)) 

17 is amended by adding at the end the following: 

18 ‘‘(4) ANNUAL INCREMENTS.—Notwithstanding 

19 paragraph (1), in the case of an individual quali20 fying for loan cancellation under paragraph (3), the 

21 Secretary shall, in lieu of waiting to assume an obli22 gation only upon completion of 5 complete years of 

23 service, assume the obligation to repay— 

24 ‘‘(A) after each of the first and second 

25 years of service by an individual in a position 


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1 qualifying under paragraph (3), 15 percent of 

2 the total amount of principal and interest of the 

3 loans described in paragraph (1) to such indi4 vidual that are outstanding immediately pre5 ceding such first year of such service; 

6 ‘‘(B) after each of the third and fourth 

7 years of such service, 20 percent of such total 

8 amount; and 

9 ‘‘(C) after the fifth year of such service, 30 

10 percent of such total amount.’’. 

11 SEC. 124. EXCLUSION FROM GROSS INCOME OF COMPENSA12 TION OF TEACHERS AND PRINCIPALS IN CER13 TAIN HIGH-NEED SCHOOLS AND TEACHING 

14 HIGH-NEED SUBJECTS. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—Part III of subchapter B of chap16 ter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended 

17 by inserting after section 139A the following new section: 

18 ‘‘SEC. 139B. COMPENSATION OF CERTAIN TEACHERS AND 

19 PRINCIPALS. 

20 ‘‘(a) PRINCIPALS IN HIGH-NEED SCHOOLS.—In the 

21 case of an individual employed as a principal in a high22 need school during the taxable year, gross income does not 

23 include so much remuneration for such employment 

24 (which would but for this paragraph be includible in gross 

25 income) as does not exceed $15,000. 


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1 ‘‘(b) TEACHERS IN HIGH-NEED SCHOOLS AND OF

2 HIGH-NEED SUBJECTS.— 

3 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an individual 

4 employed as a teacher of high-need subjects and in 

5 a high-need school during the taxable year, gross in6 come does not include so much remuneration for 

7 such employment (which would but for this para8 graph be includible in gross income) as does not ex9 ceed $15,000. 

10 ‘‘(2) TEACHER OF HIGH-NEED SUBJECTS.—For 

11 purposes of this subsection, the term ‘teacher of 

12 high-need subjects’ means any teacher in a public el13 ementary or secondary school who— 

14 ‘‘(A)(i) teaches primarily 1 or more high15 need subjects in 1 or more of grades 9 through 

16 12, or 

17 ‘‘(ii) teaches 1 or more high-need subjects 

18 in 1 or more of grades kindergarten through 8, 

19 ‘‘(B) received a baccalaureate or similar 

20 degree from an eligible educational institution 

21 (as defined in section 25A(f)(2)) with a major 

22 in a high-need subject, and 

23 ‘‘(C) is highly qualified (as defined in sec24 tion 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary 

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1 cial education teacher, in section 602 of the In2 dividuals with Disabilities Education Act). 

3 ‘‘(3) HIGH-NEED SUBJECTS.—For purposes of 

4 this subsection, the term ‘high-need subject’ means 

5 mathematics, science, engineering and technology 

6 education, a critical-need foreign language (as deter7 mined by the Secretary of Education under section 

8 222 of the New National Defense Education Act of 

9 2006), special education, teaching English language 

10 learners, or any other subject identified as a high11 need subject by the Secretary of Education for pur12 poses of this section. 

13 ‘‘(c) LIMITATION ON TOTAL REMUNERATION TAKEN

14 INTO ACCOUNT.—In the case of any individual whose em15 ployment is described in subsections (a) and (b)(1), the 

16 total amount of remuneration which may be taken into 

17 account with respect to such employment under this sec18 tion for the taxable year shall not exceed $25,000. 

19 ‘‘(d) HIGH-NEED SCHOOL.—For purposes of this 

20 section, the term ‘high-need school’ means a public ele21 mentary school or secondary school that is eligible for as22 sistance under section 1114(a) of the Elementary and Sec23 ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6314(a)).’’. 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 

2 of such part is amended by inserting after the item relat3 ing to section 139A the following new item: 

‘‘Sec. 139B. Compensation of certain teachers and principals.’’. 

4 (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 

5 this section shall apply to remuneration received in taxable 

6 years beginning after the date of the enactment of this 

7 Act. 

8 SEC. 125. MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION PART9 NERSHIPS AND TEACHER INSTITUTES FOR 

10 THE 21ST CENTURY THROUGH THE NA11 TIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. 

12 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

13 (1) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense of 

14 the Senate that— 

15 (A) the activities of the mathematics and 

16 science education partnerships of the National 

17 Science Foundation, described in section 9 of 

18 the National Science Foundation Authorization 

19 Act of 2002, meet a distinct need separate from 

20 other Federal investments in improving science, 

21 technology, engineering, and mathematics edu22 cation; 

23 (B) funding for the mathematics and 

24 science education partnerships for fiscal year 

25 2007 should be increased to the $400,000,000 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 level authorized for fiscal year 2005 under sec2 tion 5 of such Act, and increased by 10 percent 

3 annually for each of the fiscal years 2008 

4 through 2011; and 

5 (C) the increase in funding for the mathe6 matics and science education partnerships 

7 should be in addition to any other amounts au8 thorized or appropriated for the National 

9 Science Foundation. 

10 (2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR

11 NSF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION PART12 NERSHIPS.—There is authorized to be appropriated 

13 to the National Science Foundation for education 

14 and human resources to carry out the mathematics 

15 and science education partnerships described in sec16 tion 9 of the National Science Foundation Author17 ization Act of 2002, in addition to the amounts au18 thorized under section 214(b), amounts as follows: 

19 (A) For fiscal year 2007, $400,000,000, of 

20 which $50,000,000 shall be for the teacher in21 stitutes for the 21st century under section 

22 9(a)(3)(B) of the National Science Foundation 

23 Authorization Act of 2002. 


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1 (B) For fiscal year 2008, $440,000,000, of 

2 which $60,000,000 shall be for the teacher in3 stitutes for the 21st century under such section. 

4 (C) For fiscal year 2009, $484,000,000, of 

5 which $70,000,000 shall be for the teacher in6 stitutes for the 21st century under such section. 

7 (D) For fiscal year 2010, $532,400,000, of 

8 which 80,000,000 shall be for the teacher insti9 tutes for the 21st century under such section. 

10 (E) For fiscal year 2011, $585,640,000, of 

11 which $90,000,000 shall be for the teacher in12 stitutes for the 21st century under such section. 

13 (b) TEACHER INSTITUTES FOR THE 21ST CEN14 TURY.—Section 9(a) of the National Science Foundation 

15 Authorization Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 1862n(a)) is 

16 amended— 

17 (1) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking ‘‘summer 

18 or’’ and inserting ‘‘teacher institutes for the 21st 

19 century, as described in paragraph (7)’’; 

20 (2) by redesignating paragraph (7) as para21 graph (8); and 

22 (3) by inserting after paragraph (6) the fol23 lowing: 

24 ‘‘(7) TEACHER INSTITUTES FOR THE 21ST CEN25 TURY.— 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Teacher institutes for 

2 the 21st century carried out in accordance with 

3 paragraph (3)(B) shall— 

4 ‘‘(i) be carried out in conjunction with 

5 a school served by the local educational 

6 agency in the partnership; 

7 ‘‘(ii) be science, mathematics, engi8 neering, and technology focused institutes 

9 that provide professional development to 

10 elementary school and secondary school 

11 teachers during the summer; 

12 ‘‘(iii) serve teachers who are consid13 ered highly qualified (as defined in section 

14 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary 

15 Education Act of 1965), teach high-need 

16 subjects, and teach in high-need schools 

17 (as defined in section 1114(a) of the Ele18 mentary and Secondary Education Act of 

19 1965); 

20 ‘‘(iv) focus on the theme and struc21 ture developed by the Director under sub22 paragraph (C); 

23 ‘‘(v) be content-based and build on 

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1 tered, experiment-oriented, content-based, 

2 and grounded in current research; 

3 ‘‘(vi) ensure that any pedagogy com4 ponent is designed around specific strate5 gies that are relevant to teaching the sub6 ject and content on which teachers are 

7 being trained, which may include training 

8 teachers in the essential components of ad9 olescent literacy instruction in order to im10 prove student reading skills within the sub11 ject areas of mathematics, science, and en12 gineering and technology education (as de13 fined in section 9101 of the Elementary 

14 and Secondary Education Act of 1965); 

15 ‘‘(vii) be a multiyear program that is 

16 conducted for a period of not less than 2 

17 weeks per year; 

18 ‘‘(viii) provide for direct interaction 

19 between students and faculty of the teach20 er institute; 

21 ‘‘(ix) have a component that includes 

22 the use of the Internet; 

23 ‘‘(x) provide for followup training in 

24 the classroom during the academic year for 

25 a period of not less than 3 days, which 


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1 may or may not be consecutive, for partici2 pants in the teacher institute, except that 

3 for teachers in rural local educational 

4 agencies, the followup training may be pro5 vided through the Internet; 

6 ‘‘(xi) provide teachers participating in 

7 the teacher institute with travel expense 

8 reimbursement, stipends, and classroom 

9 materials related to the teacher institute; 

10 and 

11 ‘‘(xii) establish a mechanism to pro12 vide supplemental support during the aca13 demic year for teacher institute partici14 pants. 

15 ‘‘(B) OPTIONAL MEMBERS OF THE PART16 NERSHIP.—In addition to the partnership re17 quirement under paragraph (2), an institution 

18 of higher education or eligible nonprofit organi19 zation (or consortia) desiring a grant for a 

20 teacher institute for the 21st century may also 

21 partner with a museum or educational partner22 ship organization. 

23 ‘‘(C) THEME AND STRUCTURE.—Each 

24 year, not later than 180 days before the appli25 cation deadline for a grant under this section, 


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1 the Director shall, in consultation with a broad 

2 group of professional education organizations, 

3 develop a theme and structure for the teacher 

4 institutes of the 21st century supported under 

5 paragraph (3)(B).’’. 

6 SEC. 126. TEACH GRANTS; RECRUITING TEACHERS WITH 

7 MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, 

8 TECHNOLOGY, OR LANGUAGE MAJORS. 

9 (a) TEACH GRANTS.—Title II of the Higher Edu10 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1021 et seq.) is amended 

11 by adding at the end the following: 

12 ‘‘PART C—TEACH GRANTS 

13 ‘‘SEC. 231. PURPOSES. 

14 ‘‘The purposes of this part are— 

15 ‘‘(1) to improve student academic achievement; 

16 ‘‘(2) to help recruit and prepare teachers to 

17 meet the national demand for a highly qualified 

18 teacher in every classroom; and 

19 ‘‘(3) to increase opportunities for Americans of 

20 all educational, ethnic, class, and geographic back21 grounds to become highly qualified teachers. 

22 ‘‘SEC. 232. PROGRAM ESTABLISHED. 

23 ‘‘(a) PROGRAM AUTHORITY.— 

24 ‘‘(1) PAYMENTS REQUIRED.—For each of the 

25 fiscal years 2007 through 2014, the Secretary shall 


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1 pay to each eligible institution of higher education 

2 such sums as may be necessary to pay to each eligi3 ble student (defined in accordance with section 484) 

4 who files an application and agreement in accord5 ance with section 233, and qualifies under sub6 section (a)(2) of such section, a TEACH Grant in 

7 the amount of $7,000 for each academic year during 

8 which that student is in attendance at an institution 

9 of higher education. 

10 ‘‘(2) REFERENCE.—Grants made under this 

11 part shall be known as ‘Teacher Education Assist12 ance for College and Higher Education Grants’ or 

13 ‘TEACH Grants’. 

14 ‘‘(b) PAYMENT METHODOLOGY.— 

15 ‘‘(1) PREPAYMENT.—Not less than 85 percent 

16 of such sums shall be advanced to eligible institu17 tions prior to the start of each payment period and 

18 shall be based upon an amount requested by the in19 stitution as needed to pay eligible students until 

20 such time as the Secretary determines and publishes 

21 in the Federal Register with an opportunity for com22 ment, an alternative payment system that provides 

23 payments to institutions in an accurate and timely 

24 manner, except that this sentence shall not be con25 strued to limit the authority of the Secretary to 


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1 place an institution on a reimbursement system of 

2 payment. 

3 ‘‘(2) DIRECT PAYMENT.—Nothing in this sec4 tion shall be interpreted to prohibit the Secretary 

5 from paying directly to students, in advance of the 

6 beginning of the academic term, an amount for 

7 which they are eligible, in cases where the eligible in8 stitution elects not to participate in the disburse9 ment system required by paragraph (1). 

10 ‘‘(3) DISTRIBUTION OF GRANTS TO STU11 DENTS.—Payments under this part shall be made, in 

12 accordance with regulations promulgated by the Sec13 retary for such purpose, in such manner as will best 

14 accomplish the purposes of this part. Any disburse15 ment allowed to be made by crediting the student’s 

16 account shall be limited to tuition and fees and, in 

17 the case of institutionally owned housing, room and 

18 board. The student may elect to have the institution 

19 provide other such goods and services by crediting 

20 the student’s account. 

21 ‘‘(c) REDUCTIONS IN AMOUNT.— 

22 ‘‘(1) PART-TIME STUDENTS.—In any case 

23 where a student attends an institution of higher edu24 cation on less than a full-time basis (including a stu25 dent who attends an institution of higher education 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 on less than a half-time basis) during any academic 

2 year, the amount of the TEACH Grant for which 

3 that student is eligible shall be reduced in proportion 

4 to the degree to which that student is not so attend5 ing on a full-time basis, in accordance with a sched6 ule of reductions established by the Secretary for the 

7 purpose of this part, computed in accordance with 

8 this part. Such schedule of reductions shall be estab9 lished by regulation and published in the Federal 

10 Register in accordance with section 482 of this Act. 

11 ‘‘(2) NO EXCEEDING COST OF ATTENDANCE.— 

12 No TEACH Grant for a student under this part 

13 shall exceed the cost of attendance (as defined in 

14 section 472) at the institution that such student at15 tends. If, with respect to any student, it is deter16 mined that the amount of a TEACH Grant exceeds 

17 the cost of attendance for that year, the amount of 

18 the TEACH Grant shall be reduced until the 

19 TEACH Grant does not exceed the cost of attend20 ance at such institution. 

21 ‘‘(d) PERIOD OF ELIGIBILITY FOR GRANTS.— 

22 ‘‘(1) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS.—The period 

23 during which an undergraduate student may receive 

24 TEACH Grants shall be the period required for the 

25 completion of the first undergraduate baccalaureate 


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1 course of study being pursued by the student at the 

2 institution that the student attends, except that— 

3 ‘‘(A) any period during which the student 

4 is enrolled in a noncredit or remedial course of 

5 study, subject to paragraph (3), shall not be 

6 counted for the purpose of this paragraph; and 

7 ‘‘(B) the total amount that a student may 

8 receive under this part for undergraduate study 

9 shall not exceed $28,000. 

10 ‘‘(2) GRADUATE STUDENTS.—The period dur11 ing which a graduate student pursuing a master’s 

12 degree or doctoral degree may receive TEACH 

13 Grants shall be the period required for the comple14 tion of a course of study for the degree at the insti15 tution the student attends, except that the total 

16 amount that a student may receive under this part 

17 for graduate study shall not exceed $14,000 for a 

18 student pursuing a master’s degree or $28,000 for 

19 a student pursuing a doctoral degree. 

20 ‘‘(3) REMEDIAL COURSE; STUDY ABROAD.— 

21 Nothing in this section shall exclude from eligibility 

22 a course of study that is noncredit or remedial in 

23 nature (including a course in English language ac24 quisition) if such course is determined by the institu25 tion to be necessary to help the student be prepared 


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1 for the pursuit of a first undergraduate bacca2 laureate degree or certificate or, in the case of 

3 courses in English language instruction, to be nec4 essary to enable the student to utilize existing 

5 knowledge, training, or skills. Nothing in this section 

6 shall exclude from eligibility a program of study 

7 abroad that is approved for credit by the home insti8 tution at which the student is enrolled. 

9 ‘‘SEC. 233. ELIGIBILITY AND APPLICATIONS FOR GRANTS. 

10 ‘‘(a) APPLICATIONS; DEMONSTRATION OF ELIGI11 BILITY.— 

12 ‘‘(1) FILING REQUIRED.—The Secretary shall 

13 from time to time set dates by which students shall 

14 file applications for TEACH Grants under this part. 

15 Each student desiring a TEACH Grant for any year 

16 shall file an application therefore containing such in17 formation and assurances as the Secretary may 

18 deem necessary to enable the Secretary to carry out 

19 the functions and responsibilities of this part. 

20 ‘‘(2) DEMONSTRATION OF ELIGIBILITY.—Each 

21 such application shall contain such information as is 

22 necessary to demonstrate that— 

23 ‘‘(A) if the applicant is an enrolled stu24 dent— 


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1 ‘‘(i) the student is an eligible student 

2 for purposes of section 484 (other than 

3 subsection (r) of such section); 

4 ‘‘(ii) the student— 

5 ‘‘(I) has a grade point average 

6 that is determined, under standards 

7 prescribed by the Secretary, to be 

8 comparable to a 3.25 average on a 

9 zero to 4.0 scale, except that, if the 

10 student is in the first year of a pro11 gram of undergraduate education, 

12 such grade point average shall be de13 termined on the basis of the student’s 

14 cumulative secondary school grade 

15 point average; or 

16 ‘‘(II) displayed high academic ap17 titude by receiving a score above the 

18 75th percentile on at least 1 of the 

19 batteries in an undergraduate or 

20 graduate school admissions test; and 

21 ‘‘(iii) the student is completing 

22 coursework and other requirements nec23 essary to begin a career in teaching, or 

24 plans to complete such coursework and re25 quirements prior to graduating; or 


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1 ‘‘(B) if the applicant is a current or pro2 spective teacher applying for a grant to obtain 

3 a graduate degree— 

4 ‘‘(i) the applicant is a teacher or a re5 tiree from another occupation with exper6 tise in a field in which there is a shortage 

7 of teachers, such as mathematics, science, 

8 engineering and technology education, a 

9 critical-need foreign language (as deter10 mined by the Secretary under section 222 

11 of the New National Defense Education 

12 Act of 2006), special education, English 

13 language acquisition, or another high-need 

14 subject; or 

15 ‘‘(ii) the applicant is or was a teacher 

16 who is using high-quality alternative cer17 tification routes, such as Teach for Amer18 ica, to get certified. 

19 ‘‘(b) AGREEMENTS TO SERVE.—Each application 

20 under subsection (a) shall contain or be accompanied by 

21 an agreement by the applicant that— 

22 ‘‘(1) the applicant will— 

23 ‘‘(A) serve as a full-time teacher for a total 

24 of not less than 4 academic years within 8 

25 years after completing the course of study for 


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1 which the applicant receives a TEACH Grant 

2 under this part; 

3 ‘‘(B) teach— 

4 ‘‘(i) in a school eligible for assistance 

5 under section 1114(a) of the Elementary 

6 and Secondary Education Act of 1965; and 

7 ‘‘(ii) in any of the following fields: 

8 mathematics, science, engineering and 

9 technology education, a critical-need for10 eign language (as determined by the Sec11 retary under section 222 of the New Na12 tional Defense Education Act of 2006), bi13 lingual education, or special education, or 

14 as a reading specialist, or another field 

15 documented as high-need by the Federal 

16 Government, State government, or local 

17 educational agency and submitted to the 

18 Secretary; 

19 ‘‘(C) submit evidence of such employment 

20 in the form of a certification by the chief ad21 ministrative officer of the school upon comple22 tion of each year of such service; and 

23 ‘‘(D) comply with the requirements for 

24 being a highly qualified teacher as defined in 

25 section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary 


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1 Education Act of 1965 or, in the case of a spe2 cial education teacher, in section 602 of the In3 dividuals With Disabilities Education Act; and 

4 ‘‘(2) in the event that the applicant is deter5 mined to have failed or refused to carry out such 

6 service obligation, the sum of the amounts of such 

7 TEACH Grants will be treated as a loan and col8 lected from the applicant in accordance with sub9 section (c) and the regulations thereunder. 

10 ‘‘(c) REPAYMENT FOR FAILURE TO COMPLETE

11 SERVICE.—In the event that any recipient of a TEACH 

12 Grant fails or refuses to comply with the service obligation 

13 in the agreement under subsection (b), the sum of the 

14 amounts of such TEACH Grants provided to such recipi15 ent shall be treated as a Direct Loan under part D of 

16 title IV, and shall be subject to repayment in accordance 

17 with terms and conditions specified by the Secretary in 

18 regulations promulgated to carry out this part. 

19 ‘‘SEC. 234. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

20 ‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

21 this part $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums 

22 as may be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal 

23 years. 


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1 ‘‘PART D—RECRUITING TEACHERS WITH MATHE2 MATICS, SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, TECH3 NOLOGY, OR LANGUAGE MAJORS 

4 ‘‘SEC. 241. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED. 

5 ‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF HIGH-NEED SCHOOL.—In this 

6 section, the term ‘high-need school’ means a school de7 scribed in section 1114(a) of the Elementary and Sec8 ondary Education Act of 1965. 

9 ‘‘(b) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.— 

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—From the amounts appro11 priated under section 242, the Secretary shall make 

12 competitive grants to institutions of higher education 

13 to improve the availability and recruitment of teach14 ers from among students majoring in mathematics, 

15 science, engineering, technology, a critical-need for16 eign language (as determined by the Secretary under 

17 section 222 of the New National Defense Education 

18 Act of 2006), special education, or teaching the 

19 English language to students with limited English 

20 proficiency. 

21 ‘‘(2) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under 

22 paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give priority to 

23 institutions of higher education offering programs 

24 that— 

25 ‘‘(A) focus on preparing teachers in sub26 jects in which there is a shortage of highly 


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1 qualified teachers and increasing the number of 

2 teachers from minority or underrepresented 

3 groups; and 

4 ‘‘(B) prepare students to teach in high5 need schools. 

6 ‘‘(c) APPLICATION.—Any institution of higher edu7 cation desiring to obtain a grant under this section shall 

8 submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in 

9 such form, and containing such information and assur10 ances as the Secretary may require, which shall— 

11 ‘‘(1) include reporting on baseline production of 

12 teachers— 

13 ‘‘(A) with expertise in mathematics, 

14 science, a critical-need foreign language, special 

15 education, or teaching students with limited 

16 English proficiency; 

17 ‘‘(B) from minorities or underrepresented 

18 groups; and 

19 ‘‘(C) who teach for 5 years or more in a 

20 high-need school; and 

21 ‘‘(2) establish a goal and timeline for increasing 

22 the number of teachers described in each subpara23 graph of paragraph (1) who are prepared for teach24 ing by the institution. 


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1 ‘‘(d) GRANT AWARD AMOUNTS.—In determining the 

2 amount of a grant award under this section to an institu3 tion of higher education, the Secretary shall consider— 

4 ‘‘(1) the extent to which the institution— 

5 ‘‘(A) focuses on preparing teachers in sub6 jects in which there is a shortage of highly 

7 qualified teachers and increasing the number of 

8 teachers from minority or underrepresented 

9 groups; and 

10 ‘‘(B) prepares students to teach in high11 need schools; and 

12 ‘‘(2) in the case of an institution that has pre13 viously received a grant under this section, the 

14 progress made by the institution in increasing the 

15 number of teachers described in subsection (c)(1), as 

16 compared to the baseline production of such teachers 

17 reported in the institution’s initial application. 

18 ‘‘(e) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds made available by a 

19 grant under this section— 

20 ‘‘(1) shall be used to create new recruitment in21 centives to teaching for students from other majors, 

22 with an emphasis on high-need subjects such as 

23 mathematics, science, engineering and technology 

24 education, a critical-need foreign language, special 

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1 dents with limited English proficiency and other 

2 subjects identified as high-need by the Federal Gov3 ernment, State government, or local educational 

4 agency; 

5 ‘‘(2) may be used to upgrade the curriculum in 

6 order to provide all students studying to become 

7 teachers with high-quality instructional strategies for 

8 teaching reading and teaching the English language 

9 to students with limited English proficiency, and for 

10 modifying instruction to teach students with special 

11 needs; 

12 ‘‘(3) may be used to integrate school of edu13 cation faculty with other arts and science faculty in 

14 mathematics, science, engineering, technology, a crit15 ical-need foreign language, or teaching the English 

16 language to students with limited English pro17 ficiency, through steps such as— 

18 ‘‘(A) dual appointments for faculty be19 tween schools of education and schools of arts 

20 and science or engineering; and 

21 ‘‘(B) integrating coursework with clinical 

22 experience; 

23 ‘‘(4) may be used to develop strategic plans be24 tween schools of education and local educational 

25 agencies to better prepare teachers for high-need 


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1 schools, including the creation of professional devel2 opment partnerships for training new teachers in 

3 state-of-the-art practice; 

4 ‘‘(5) may be used to create pilot programs to 

5 foster collaborations at the institution of higher edu6 cation between a school of science, mathematics, or 

7 engineering, or a foreign language department or 

8 language center, and a school of education in order 

9 to enable the collaborating entities to develop a 4- 

10 year program of study that would combine a bacca11 laureate degree in mathematics, science, engineering, 

12 or technology with concurrent teacher certification 

13 or licensure; and 

14 ‘‘(6) may be used to develop and implement a 

15 master’s degree program for current mathematics, 

16 science, or engineering and technology education 

17 teachers that— 

18 ‘‘(A) will strengthen the participating 

19 teachers’ subject area knowledge and peda20 gogical skills; and 

21 ‘‘(B) shall be designed to allow a teacher 

22 to enroll in the program on a part-time basis 

23 and obtain a master’s degree within a 2-year 

24 period. 


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1 ‘‘(f) REPORTS.—For each year that an institution of 

2 higher education receives a grant under this section, the 

3 institution of higher education shall prepare and submit 

4 to the Secretary an annual report documenting the base5 line data regarding the teachers described in subsection 

6 (c)(1) and the progress made toward increasing the num7 ber of such teachers, as described in subsection (c)(2). 

8 ‘‘SEC. 242. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

9 ‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

10 this part $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums 

11 as may be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal 

12 years.’’. 

13 (b) PART A AUTHORIZATION.—Section 210 of the 

14 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1030) is 

15 amended by striking ‘‘$300,000,000 for fiscal year 1999’’ 

16 and inserting ‘‘$400,000,000 for fiscal year 2007’’. 

17 Subtitle C—Ensuring College 

18 Access for All 

19 SEC. 131. CONTRACT FOR EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY 

20 (CEO) GRANTS. 

21 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

22 (1) COHORT.—The term ‘‘cohort’’ means a 

23 group of students in a State who are in the same 

24 grade for an identified school year. 


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1 (2) EXPECTED FAMILY CONTRIBUTION.—The 

2 term ‘‘expected family contribution’’, with respect to 

3 a student, means the student’s expected family con4 tribution as determined in accordance with part F of 

5 the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

6 1087kk et seq.). 

7 (3) UNMET NEED.—The term ‘‘unmet need’’, 

8 with respect to a student, means the difference be9 tween the cost of attendance (as defined in section 

10 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 

11 U.S.C. 108711) to attend an institution of higher 

12 education for an academic year and the resources 

13 available to the student for such academic year, in14 cluding Federal, State, and institutional financial as15 sistance and the student’s expected family contribu16 tion. 

17 (b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are— 

18 (1) to encourage States to provide a financial 

19 aid guarantee for low-income students; 

20 (2) to increase student academic performance 

21 and achievement; 

22 (3) to increase public school secondary school 

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1 tions of higher education, especially among low-in2 come and underrepresented minority students; and 

3 (4) to improve the overall quality and supply of 

4 a State’s workforce. 

5 (c) PAYMENTS TO STATES AUTHORIZED.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pay to 

7 States the Federal share, as determined under sub8 section (e), in order to assist the States in awarding 

9 contract for educational opportunity grants (referred 

10 to in this section as ‘‘CEO grants’’), under sub11 section (g) to students in a cohort who sign a con12 tract for educational opportunity in grade 8 and sat13 isfy the requirements of the contract. A CEO grant 

14 shall provide each such student with a need-based fi15 nancial aid guarantee, in an amount equal to the 

16 student’s calculated unmet need to attend a 2- or 4- 

17 year degree-granting public institution of higher 

18 education in the State, to enable the student to at19 tend a 2- or 4-year degree-granting public or private 

20 institution of higher education in the State. 

21 (2) MANDATORY SPENDING.—This subsection 

22 constitutes budget authority in advance of appro23 priations Acts and represents the obligation of the 

24 Secretary to provide for the payment of amounts 

25 provided under this subsection. 


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1 (d) APPLICATION.— 

2 (1) IN GENERAL.—A State desiring a payment 

3 under subsection (c) shall submit, through the State 

4 agency identified in the application, to the Secretary 

5 an application at such time, in such manner, and 

6 containing such information as the Secretary may 

7 require. 

8 (2) APPLICATION.—An application submitted 

9 under paragraph (1) shall include the following: 

10 (A) A description of how the State will es11 tablish a State benchmark for increasing the 

12 overall public school secondary school gradua13 tion rate and the enrollment, persistence, and 

14 graduation rates at the State’s 2- and 4-year 

15 degree-granting public and private institutions 

16 of higher education, as well as a description of 

17 strategies and activities the State will employ to 

18 achieve the State’s set goals as reflected in the 

19 benchmark. 

20 (B) The identification of the State agency 

21 that will administer the CEO grants program, 

22 and a description of the State agency’s capacity 

23 to administer such program. 


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1 (C) A description of the entities that will 

2 contribute funds for the non-Federal share of 

3 the CEO grants program. 

4 (D) A description of the State’s academic 

5 and nonacademic components of the contract 

6 for educational opportunity, including 100 

7 hours of community service, and how the State 

8 defines satisfactory academic progress toward 

9 completing coursework that leads to a sec10 ondary school diploma. 

11 (E) A description of how the State agency 

12 will provide access for all students to a State 

13 curriculum that prepares the students to enter 

14 into credit-bearing coursework in higher edu15 cation without the need for remediation, the 

16 21st century workforce, or the Armed Forces. 

17 (F) A description of how the State agency 

18 will notify students in grade 7 of their eligibility 

19 to participate in the CEO grants program and 

20 earn a CEO grant, as well as how the State will 

21 specifically target students from low-income and 

22 underrepresented minority families. 

23 (G) A description of how the State agency 

24 will regularly communicate with a cohort from 

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1 cational opportunity through the period that the 

2 students are eligible for CEO grants. 

3 (H) An assurance that the State will 

4 award a CEO grant, in the amount of the stu5 dent’s calculated unmet need to attend a 2- or 

6 4-year degree-granting public institution of 

7 higher education in the State, to each student 

8 who successfully meets the requirements of the 

9 contract for educational opportunity. 

10 (I) An assurance that decisions regarding 

11 the State’s higher education budget shall not 

12 lead to increases in tuition and fees at public 2- 

13 or 4-year degree-granting institutions of higher 

14 education that are greater than the Consumer 

15 Price Index. 

16 (J) An assurance that the State shall 

17 maintain current levels of investment in State 

18 student aid programs in addition to providing 

19 the non-Federal share required under sub20 section (e)(4). 

21 (e) PAYMENTS; USE OF FUNDS.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pay the 

23 Federal share of the CEO grants program, in the 

24 amount described in paragraph (4), to each State 


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1 that submits a complete application pursuant to sub2 section (d). 

3 (2) USE OF FUNDS.—The Federal share and 

4 non-Federal share described in paragraph (4) shall 

5 be used exclusively for awarding financial aid grants 

6 to cover the unmet need for all students in a cohort 

7 who have successfully met the components of the 

8 State’s contract, except that a State may use not 

9 more than 2 percent of such funds for administra10 tive purposes. 

11 (3) SUBSEQUENT PAYMENTS.— 

12 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

13 make subsequent annual payments for future 

14 cohorts to States, in accordance with paragraph 

15 (4), that receive a payment under this section 

16 and that are not determined to be ineligible 

17 under subparagraph (B). 

18 (B) INELIGIBILITY.— 

19 (i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided 

20 in clause (ii), the Secretary shall determine 

21 a State to be temporarily ineligible to re22 ceive a payment under subparagraph (A) 

23 if— 


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1 (I) the State fails to submit an 

2 annual report pursuant to subsection 

3 (h); or 

4 (II) the Secretary determines, 

5 based on information submitted in the 

6 annual report submitted under sub7 section (h), that— 

8 (aa) the State is not effec9 tively meeting the terms and 

10 goals of the application; or 

11 (bb) that the State is not 

12 making satisfactory progress to13 ward the benchmark set forth in 

14 subsection (d)(2)(A). 

15 (ii) INELIGIBILITY NOT TO AFFECT

16 CERTAIN COHORTS.—A determination of 

17 ineligibility to receive subsequent payments 

18 for future cohorts under clause (i) with re19 spect to a State shall not apply to pay20 ments for students in a cohort in the State 

21 who are in grade 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 at the 

22 time of the determination. 

23 (iii) REINSTATEMENT.—If the Sec24 retary determines a State is ineligible 

25 under clause (i), the Secretary may enter 


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•S 3502 IS 

1 into an agreement with the State setting 

2 forth the terms and conditions under which 

3 the State may regain eligibility to receive 

4 payments under this section. 

5 (4) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—The amount of 

6 the Federal share under this section for an academic 

7 year shall be equal to the amount of the non-Federal 

8 share provided by the State for such year. The sum 

9 of the Federal share and the non-Federal share for 

10 an academic year shall be an amount equal to the 

11 total unmet need, for the academic year, to attend 

12 a 2- or 4-year degree-granting public institution of 

13 higher education in the State, for all students in an 

14 identified cohort that complete all eligibility require15 ments of a contract for educational opportunity. 

16 (f) REALLOTMENT OR REDISTRIBUTION OF

17 FUNDS.—If funds remain for a cohort for 6 years after 

18 the cohort has graduated from secondary school, the State 

19 shall return excess Federal funds to the Secretary. Any 

20 returned excess funds shall be used by the Secretary to 

21 carry out the program under this section. 

22 (g) CEO GRANTS.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—A State receiving a payment 

24 under subsection (c) for a cohort shall provide, in 


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1 the amount determined under paragraph (3), a CEO 

2 grant to each student in the cohort who— 

3 (A) successfully completes the require4 ments of the contract for educational oppor5 tunity; and 

6 (B) enrolls in a 2- or 4-year degree-grant7 ing institution of higher education in the State 

8 not later than 2 years after receiving a sec9 ondary school diploma. 

10 (2) CONTRACTS FOR EDUCATIONAL OPPOR11 TUNITY.— 

12 (A) IN GENERAL.—A student who is in a 

13 cohort for which a State is eligible for payments 

14 under subsection (c) and who desires to receive 

15 a CEO grant shall sign a contract for edu16 cational opportunity when the student begins 

17 grade 8 stating that the student will carry out 

18 all of the following by the time the student 

19 graduates from secondary school: 

20 (i) Receive a secondary school di21 ploma. 

22 (ii) By the beginning of grade 11 (ex23 cept as provided in subparagraph (B)), 

24 demonstrate satisfactory academic progress 

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1 ward completing coursework that leads to 

2 a secondary school diploma. 

3 (iii) Complete the academic compo4 nents of the State contract for educational 

5 opportunity, as determined by the State 

6 agency. 

7 (iv) Complete the nonacademic por8 tion of the State contract for educational 

9 opportunity (as determined by the State 

10 agency), including 100 hours of community 

11 service, of which at least 50 hours of com12 munity service shall be completed before 

13 the student begins grade 11 (except as 

14 provided in subparagraph (B)). 

15 (v) Apply for admission to a 2- or 4- 

16 year degree-granting institution of higher 

17 education in the State. 

18 (vi) Preceding the date that the stu19 dent intends to enroll in an institution of 

20 higher education, file for Federal financial 

21 aid. 

22 (B) SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES.— 

23 (i) TRANSITION.—During the aca24 demic year following the date of enactment 

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1 hort who are in grade 9, 10, 11, or 12 for 

2 such academic year, the students of such 

3 cohort shall be eligible for CEO grants if 

4 such students sign the contract for edu5 cational opportunity during the academic 

6 year and otherwise complete all of the eli7 gibility requirements for the contract for 

8 educational opportunity under subpara9 graph (A) as applicable and by such time 

10 as determined by the State and approved 

11 by the Secretary. 

12 (ii) STUDENTS WHO MOVE INTO THE

13 STATE.—In the case of a student who 

14 moves into a State after the student begins 

15 grade 8, such student shall be eligible for 

16 a CEO grant from such State if such stu17 dent signs the contract for educational op18 portunity at the time the student moves 

19 into the State and the student otherwise 

20 completes all of the eligibility requirements 

21 for the contract for educational oppor22 tunity under subparagraph (A), as applica23 ble and by such time as determined by the 

24 State and approved by the Secretary. 

25 (3) AMOUNT OF CEO GRANTS.— 


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1 (A) IN GENERAL.—A CEO grant for an 

2 academic year shall be in an amount equal to 

3 the student’s calculated unmet need to attend a 

4 2- or 4-year degree-granting public institution 

5 of higher education in the State for such year. 

6 (B) PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS.—A CEO 

7 grant for a student who elects to enroll in a pri8 vate 2- or 4-year degree-granting public institu9 tion of higher education in the State shall be in 

10 the amount described in subparagraph (A). 

11 (4) MULTIPLE GRANTS.— 

12 (A) IN GENERAL.—A State shall award a 

13 CEO grant to a student who meets the require14 ments of this section for each academic year 

15 that the student attends a 2- or 4-year degree16 granting institution of higher education in the 

17 State. 

18 (B) MAXIMUM NUMBER OF GRANTS.—Dur19 ing the 6-year period beginning on the date of 

20 receipt of a CEO grant under this subsection, 

21 a student who meets the requirements of this 

22 subsection shall be eligible to receive a CEO 

23 grant for each year that the student is enrolled 

24 in a 2- or 4-year degree-granting institution of 

25 higher education in the State, except that no 


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1 student shall receive a total of more than 4 

2 CEO grants. 

3 (5) INELIGIBILITY.—A student who otherwise 

4 meets the requirements for a CEO grant shall be in5 eligible if the student fails to maintain an acceptable 

6 level of academic standing, as determined by the in7 stitution of higher education that the student at8 tends, or is dismissed from the institution of higher 

9 education for disciplinary reasons. 

10 (h) EVALUATION AND REPORT.—A State receiving a 

11 payment under subsection (c) for a cohort shall prepare 

12 and submit an annual report to the Secretary on the suc13 cess of the cohort. The State report shall include the fol14 lowing: 

15 (1) The following information relating to the 

16 students in the cohort who sign a contract for edu17 cational opportunity, as applicable: 

18 (A) The participation and completion rates 

19 in the CEO grants program under this section. 

20 (B) The public school secondary school 

21 graduation rate and how the rate relates to the 

22 established State benchmark described in sub23 section (d)(2). 

24 (C) The rate of enrollment in public and 

25 private institutions of higher education and how 


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1 the rate relates to the established State bench2 mark. 

3 (D) The rate of persistence in public and 

4 private institutions of higher education and how 

5 the rate relates to the established State bench6 mark. 

7 (E) The rate of graduation from public 

8 and private institutions of higher education and 

9 how the rate relates to the established State 

10 benchmark. 

11 (F) Average CEO grant aid per student. 

12 (G) A description of, and justification for, 

13 any increase in tuition and fees at the public 2- 

14 or 4-year degree-granting institutions of higher 

15 education in the State. 

16 (2) A comparison of the rates described in sub17 paragraphs (B) through (E) of paragraph (1) for 

18 students in the cohort who sign a contract for edu19 cational opportunity to such rates for a representa20 tive sample of students in the cohort in the State 

21 who do not sign a contract. 


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1 TITLE II—ARMING AMERICANS 

2 WITH 21ST CENTURY KNOWL3 EDGE AND SKILLS 

4 Subtitle A—Increasing the Number 

5 of New American Scientists, En6 gineers, and Language Experts 

7 SEC. 211. PURPOSE. 

8 The purpose of this subtitle is to increase the number 

9 of low-income and middle-income students who pursue ca10 reers in mathematics, science, technology, engineering, 

11 and critical-need foreign languages. 

12 SEC. 212. GRANTS FOR STRENGTHENING MATHEMATICS, 

13 SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING AND TECH14 NOLOGY EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE. 

15 (a) GRANTS FOR STRENGTHENING MATHEMATICS, 

16 SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY EDU17 CATION INFRASTRUCTURE.—Part D of title V of the Ele18 mentary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

19 7241 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the fol20 lowing: 


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1 ‘‘SUBPART 22—GRANTS FOR STRENGTHENING 

2 MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING 

3 AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION INFRA4 STRUCTURE 

5 ‘‘SEC. 5621. GRANTS FOR STRENGTHENING MATHEMATICS, 

6 SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING AND TECH7 NOLOGY EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE. 

8 ‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to im9 prove mathematics, science, and engineering and tech10 nology education infrastructure in public elementary 

11 schools and secondary schools to facilitate improved edu12 cational opportunities for all students. 

13 ‘‘(b) DEFINITION OF HIGH-NEED.—In this section, 

14 the term ‘high-need’, when used with respect to a school, 

15 means a public elementary school or secondary school that 

16 is eligible for assistance under section 1114(a) of the Ele17 mentary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. 

18 ‘‘(c) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—From amounts appro19 priated under section 5401(b) for a fiscal year, and sub20 ject to subsection (d), the Secretary, in consultation with 

21 the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall 

22 award grants to local educational agencies to enable the 

23 local educational agencies to carry out the activities de24 scribed in subsection (g). 

25 ‘‘(d) RESERVATION OF FUNDS.—From amounts ap26 propriated under section 5401(b) for a fiscal year, the SecVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00108 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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retary shall reserve a total of 1 1 ⁄2 of 1 percent for the Sec2 retary of the Interior to award grants to elementary 

3 schools and secondary schools operated or funded by the 

4 Bureau of Indian Affairs to enable such elementary 

5 schools and secondary schools to carry out the activities 

6 described in subsection (g). 

7 ‘‘(e) APPLICATION.— 

8 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A local educational agency 

9 desiring a grant under subsection (c) shall submit 

10 an application to the Secretary at such time, in such 

11 manner, and containing such information as the Sec12 retary may reasonably require. 

13 ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The application described in 

14 paragraph (1) shall include the following: 

15 ‘‘(A) A description of the activities under 

16 subsection (g) for which assistance is sought 

17 and the costs of such activities. 

18 ‘‘(B) A description of the process through 

19 which the local educational agency identified 

20 the activities described in subparagraph (A). 

21 ‘‘(C) Clear principles that the local edu22 cational agency used to determine the priority 

23 of qualifying activities under this section that 

24 prioritize the use of quantitative data, such as 

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1 ments and income data, in order to give priority 

2 to projects benefiting high-need schools. 

3 ‘‘(D) An assurance that the local edu4 cational agency will provide a complete and de5 tailed accounting of the use of grant funds 

6 awarded to the local educational agency under 

7 this section. 

8 ‘‘(E) A description of the evaluation proc9 ess that will assess the accomplishments of the 

10 program. 

11 ‘‘(f) APPLICATION APPROVAL.— 

12 ‘‘(1) DETERMINATION IN CONSULTATION WITH

13 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.—The Secretary 

14 shall review each application submitted under sub15 section (e) to determine whether the application is 

16 sufficient. In making such a determination, the Sec17 retary shall consult with the Director of the Na18 tional Science Foundation, in part to ensure that the 

19 application is coordinated with any preexisting Na20 tional Science Foundation initiatives in the State. 

21 ‘‘(2) DETERMINATION OF INSUFFICIENT APPLI22 CATION.—If the Secretary determines that an appli23 cation submitted by a local educational agency does 

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1 section (e), the Secretary shall provide the local edu2 cational agency with— 

3 ‘‘(A) a written explanation of why the ap4 plication did not comply with such require5 ments; and 

6 ‘‘(B) an opportunity to submit an amended 

7 application. 

8 ‘‘(3) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this 

9 section, the Secretary shall give priority to local edu10 cational agencies with a high percentage of high11 need schools. 

12 ‘‘(g) REQUIRED USE OF FUNDS.—A local educational 

13 agency that receives a grant under subsection (c) shall use 

14 grant funds, in accordance with the application of the local 

15 educational agency, to carry out not less than 1 of the 

16 following: 

17 ‘‘(1) The purchase or refurbishment of mathe18 matics, science, and engineering and technology edu19 cation equipment, including laboratory equipment. 

20 ‘‘(2) The purchase of instructional materials or 

21 curricula with proven effectiveness in improving 

22 mathematics, science, and engineering and tech23 nology education outcomes, including age-appro24 priate reading materials on varying grade levels that 

25 provide poor readers with access to mathematics, 


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1 science, and engineering and technology education 

2 subject matter. 

3 ‘‘(3) Support for a science, mathematics, or en4 gineering and technology education specialist in each 

5 school who is responsible for— 

6 ‘‘(A) assisting in the implementation of the 

7 school’s science, mathematics, or engineering 

8 and technology education program; 

9 ‘‘(B) assisting other teachers in delivering 

10 quality instruction; 

11 ‘‘(C) assisting in identifying and devel12 oping professional development opportunities 

13 tied to the curriculum; and 

14 ‘‘(D) providing guidance on curricula, 

15 equipment, and other components necessary for 

16 high-quality instruction. 

17 ‘‘(4) Any other directly related activity— 

18 ‘‘(A) identified by the local educational 

19 agency in the application required under sub20 section (e); and 

21 ‘‘(B) approved by the Secretary, in con22 sultation with the Director of the National 

23 Science Foundation. 

24 ‘‘(h) REPORT.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A local educational agency 

2 that receives a grant under this section for a fiscal 

3 year shall submit, not later than January 31 of the 

4 succeeding fiscal year, a report in such form and 

5 containing such information as the Secretary deter6 mines to be reasonably necessary to evaluate the 

7 compliance of the local educational agency with the 

8 provisions of this section. 

9 ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The report described in 

10 paragraph (1) shall include the following: 

11 ‘‘(A) A description of the activities carried 

12 out with grant funds under this section. 

13 ‘‘(B) A complete and detailed accounting 

14 of the use of funds awarded under this section, 

15 including how the local educational agency gave 

16 priority to projects benefiting students served 

17 by high-need schools. 

18 ‘‘(C) A description of how the local edu19 cational agency assesses the impact of the pro20 gram. 

21 ‘‘(D) A description of how students were 

22 served by the projects assisted under this sec23 tion, including any expansion of inquiry-based 

24 learning opportunities, and an accounting of the 

25 approximate number of students so served. 


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1 ‘‘(E) An accounting of student academic 

2 progress made as a result of activities funded 

3 under this section, using previously established 

4 statewide academic achievement assessments in 

5 mathematics and science. 

6 ‘‘(F) Qualitative testimony from students, 

7 teachers, administrators, or parents on the ef8 fect of activities funded under this section. 

9 ‘‘(3) PENALTY.—A local educational agency 

10 that receives a grant under this section for a fiscal 

11 year but does not submit the report required under 

12 this subsection shall not be eligible to receive any 

13 subsequent grant funds under this section.’’. 

14 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 

15 5401 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 

16 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7241) is amended— 

17 (1) by striking ‘‘this part’’ and inserting ‘‘this 

18 part (excluding subpart 22)’’; 

19 (2) by striking ‘‘There are’’ and inserting the 

20 following: 

21 ‘‘(a) GENERAL AUTHORIZATION.—There are’’; and 

22 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

23 ‘‘(b) MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING

24 AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE.— 

25 There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out subVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00114 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 part 22, $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums 

2 as may be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal 

3 years.’’. 

4 (c) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents in 

5 section 2 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

6 of 1965 is amended by inserting after the item relating 

7 to section 5618 the following: 

‘‘Subpart 22—Grants for Strengthening Mathematics, Science, and 

Engineering and Technology Education Infrastructure 

‘‘Sec. 5621. Grants for strengthening mathematics, science, and engineering and technology education infrastructure.’’. 

8 SEC. 213. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHE9 MATICS, AND CRITICAL-NEED FOREIGN LAN10 GUAGE SCHOLARS. 

11 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

12 (1) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 

13 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 

14 meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the 

15 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 

16 (2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

17 the Secretary of Education. 

18 (b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—From amounts appro19 priated under subsection (j) for a fiscal year, the Secretary 

20 shall carry out a program to award grants, on a competi21 tive basis, to institutions of higher education (or consortia 

22 of such institutions) to enable the institutions of higher 

23 education (or consortia) to provide scholarships to make 


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1 higher education tuition free for low-income and middle2 income undergraduate and graduate students who are en3 rolled at the institutions of higher education to earn de4 grees in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, 

5 and critical-need foreign languages (as determined by the 

6 Secretary under section 222). 

7 (c) APPLICATION.—An institution of higher edu8 cation or a consortium seeking a grant under this section 

9 shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, 

10 in such manner, and containing such information as the 

11 Secretary may require. 

12 (d) AWARD BASIS.—In awarding grants under this 

13 section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to 

14 programs that— 

15 (1) are a central organizational focus of the in16 stitution of higher education or consortium; 

17 (2) enable scholarship recipients to become suc18 cessful members of the science, technology, engineer19 ing, mathematics, and critical-need foreign language 

20 21st century workforce; and 

21 (3) recruit undergraduate and graduate stu22 dents, especially female and underrepresented minor23 ity students, who would otherwise not pursue careers 

24 in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or 

25 a critical-need foreign language. 


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1 (e) USE OF FUNDS.—An institution of higher edu2 cation or a consortium receiving a grant under this section 

3 shall use the grant funds to carry out a program to en4 courage low-income and middle-income undergraduate and 

5 graduate students enrolled at the institution of higher 

6 education, or at an institution of higher education that 

7 is a member of the consortium, respectively, to earn de8 grees in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or 

9 a critical-need foreign language, through administering 

10 scholarships in accordance with subsection (f). 

11 (f) SCHOLARSHIPS.— 

12 (1) SCHOLARSHIP REQUIREMENTS.—Scholar13 ships under this subsection shall be available to a 

14 student enrolled at an institution of higher education 

15 that receives a grant under this section or is a mem16 ber of a consortium that receives a grant under this 

17 section— 

18 (A)(i) whose parents have an adjusted 

19 gross income for the most recent tax year avail20 able of— 

21 (I) less than $53,000 if single; or 

22 (II) less than $107,000 if married; or 

23 (ii) in the case of a student who is inde24 pendent (as defined in section 480 of the High25 er Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087vv), 


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1 who meets the adjusted gross income require2 ments of clause (i); and 

3 (B)(i) in the case of a student in the first 

4 or second year of a program of undergraduate 

5 education, who enrolls in prerequisite courses 

6 for a baccalaureate degree with a major in 

7 science, technology, engineering, mathematics, 

8 or a critical-need foreign language, as deter9 mined by the institution of higher education 

10 that the student attends; 

11 (ii) in the case of a student who has com12 pleted 2 years of a program of undergraduate 

13 education, who is pursuing a baccalaureate de14 gree with a major in science, technology, engi15 neering, mathematics, or a critical-need foreign 

16 language; or 

17 (iii) in the case of a graduate student, who 

18 is pursuing a graduate degree in science, tech19 nology, engineering, mathematics, or a critical20 need foreign language. 

21 (2) AMOUNT.— 

22 (A) ANNUAL AMOUNT.—An institution of 

23 higher education or consortium that receives a 

24 grant under this section shall award a scholar25 ship to a student described in paragraph (1) in 


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1 an amount that does not exceed $5,500 per 

2 academic year, except that no student shall re3 ceive for any academic year an amount that is 

4 more than the cost of attendance, as deter5 mined under section 472 of the Higher Edu6 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ll)), at the 

7 institution where the student is enrolled for 

8 such academic year. 

9 (B) REDUCTIONS IN AMOUNT FOR PART10 TIME STUDENTS.—In any case where a student 

11 attends an institution of higher education on 

12 less than a full-time basis (including a student 

13 who attends an institution of higher education 

14 on less than a half-time basis) during any aca15 demic year, the amount of the scholarship for 

16 which that student is eligible shall be reduced 

17 in proportion to the degree to which that stu18 dent is not so attending on a full-time basis, in 

19 accordance with a schedule of reductions estab20 lished by the Secretary for the purpose of this 

21 section, computed in accordance with this sub22 section. Such schedule of reductions shall be es23 tablished by regulation and published in the 

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1 ule described in section 482 of the Higher Edu2 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1089). 

3 (C) CUMULATIVE AMOUNT.—An institution 

4 of higher education or consortium receiving a 

5 grant under this section may award an indi6 vidual a scholarship under this subsection for 

7 more than 1 year, or for both undergraduate 

8 and graduate study, except that— 

9 (i) no individual shall receive a total 

10 amount of scholarship support under this 

11 subsection for undergraduate study that is 

12 more than $22,000; and 

13 (ii) no individual shall receive a total 

14 amount of scholarship support under this 

15 section for graduate study that is more 

16 than $22,000. 

17 (g) CONDITIONS OF SUPPORT.—As a condition of ac18 ceptance of a scholarship under this section, a recipient 

19 shall enter into an agreement with the institution of higher 

20 education or consortium— 

21 (1) accepting the terms of the scholarship; and 

22 (2) agreeing to provide the awarding institution 

23 of higher education or consortium with up-to-date 

24 contact information and to participate in surveys 

25 provided by the Secretary of Education, institution 


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1 of higher education, or consortium as part of an as2 sessment program. 

3 (h) FAILURE TO COMPLETE OBLIGATION.— 

4 (1) GENERAL RULE.—An individual who has 

5 received a scholarship under this section shall be lia6 ble to the institution of higher education or consor7 tium that awarded the scholarship, as well as to the 

8 United States, for the amount of the scholarship, if 

9 such individual— 

10 (A) fails to maintain an acceptable level of 

11 academic standing in the institution of higher 

12 education in which the individual is enrolled, as 

13 determined by the institution of higher edu14 cation; 

15 (B) is dismissed from such institution for 

16 disciplinary reasons; or 

17 (C) withdraws from the baccalaureate or 

18 graduate degree program for which the scholar19 ship was made before the completion of such 

20 program, and does not transfer into another 

21 program that meets the requirements of sub22 section (f)(1)(B). 

23 (2) EXCLUSION FROM FUTURE SCHOLAR24 SHIPS.—If a circumstance described in paragraph 

25 (1) occurs, all of the following shall apply: 


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1 (A) NONRENEWAL OF SCHOLARSHIP.—The 

2 institution of higher education or consortium 

3 shall not renew the scholarship to the indi4 vidual. However, at the discretion of the institu5 tion of higher education or consortium award6 ing the scholarship, an individual may regain 

7 eligibility for a scholarship under this section 

8 after completing not less than 1 academic term 

9 at the institution, if the individual— 

10 (i) maintains an acceptable level of 

11 academic standing in the institution of 

12 higher education, as determined by the in13 stitution; and 

14 (ii) reenrolls in the baccalaureate or 

15 graduate degree program for which the 

16 scholarship was made. 

17 (B) INELIGIBILITY FOR FEDERAL SCHOL18 ARSHIPS.—The individual shall become auto19 matically ineligible to participate in any Federal 

20 scholarship programs for future years. 

21 (3) USE OF RECOVERED SCHOLARSHIP

22 FUNDS.—An institution of higher education or con23 sortium that recovers funds under paragraph (1) 

24 shall use such funds to provide additional scholar25 ships under subsection (f). 


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1 (i) DATA COLLECTION.—An institution of higher 

2 education or consortium receiving a grant under this sec3 tion shall supply to the Secretary any relevant statistical 

4 and demographic data on scholarship recipients the Sec5 retary may request. 

6 (j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

7 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

8 $750,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums as may 

9 be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 

10 SEC. 214. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 

11 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES DIREC12 TORATE. 

13 (a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to en14 sure the continued involvement of experts at the National 

15 Science Foundation in improving science, technology, en16 gineering, and mathematics at the elementary, secondary, 

17 and postsecondary levels by doubling funding for the edu18 cation and human resources programs of the National 

19 Science Foundation, in addition to the increases made 

20 under section 125 for the mathematics and science part21 nerships described in section 9 of the National Science 

22 Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 and in addition to 

23 any other amounts authorized or appropriated to the Na24 tional Science Foundation. 


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1 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR NSF 

2 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES.—There is author3 ized to be appropriated to the National Science Founda4 tion for education and human resources, in addition to the 

5 amounts authorized under section 125(a)(2), amounts as 

6 follows: 

7 (1) For fiscal year 2007, $886,810,000. 

8 (2) For fiscal year 2008, $1,040,110,000. 

9 (3) For fiscal year 2009, $1,193,410,000. 

10 (4) For fiscal year 2010, $1,346,710,000. 

11 (5) For fiscal year 2011, $1,500,000,000. 

12 (c) SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING, AND

13 TECHNOLOGY TALENT EXPANSION PROGRAM.—Section 

14 8(7)(C) of the National Science Foundation Authorization 

15 Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–368) is amended— 

16 (1) by redesignating clauses (i) through (vi) as 

17 subclauses (I) through (VI), respectively, and in18 denting appropriately; 

19 (2) by striking ‘‘include those that promote 

20 high quality—’’ and inserting ‘‘include programs 

21 that— 

22 ‘‘(i) promote high-quality—’’; and 

23 (3) in clause (i)— 

24 (A) in subclause (III) (as redesignated by 

25 paragraph (1)), by striking ‘‘for students;’’ and 


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1 inserting ‘‘for students, especially underrep2 resented minority and female mathematics, 

3 science, engineering, and technology students;’’; 

4 and 

5 (B) in subclause (VI) (as redesignated by 

6 paragraph (1)), by striking the period and in7 serting a semicolon; and 

8 (4) by adding at the end the following: 

9 ‘‘(ii) finance summer internships for math10 ematics, science, engineering, and technology 

11 undergraduate students; 

12 ‘‘(iii) facilitate smaller mathematics, 

13 science, engineering, and technology class sizes; 

14 ‘‘(iv) facilitate the hiring of additional 

15 mathematics, science, engineering, and tech16 nology faculty; 

17 ‘‘(v) serve as bridges to enable underrep18 resented minority and female secondary school 

19 students to obtain extra mathematics, science, 

20 engineering, and technology training prior to 

21 entering an institution of higher education; and 

22 ‘‘(vi) finance mathematics, science, engi23 neering, and technology student research activi24 ties.’’. 


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1 Subtitle B—Improving Global 

2 Knowledge and Skills 

3 SEC. 221. DEFINITIONS. 

4 In this subtitle: 

5 (1) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 

6 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 

7 meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the 

8 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 

9 (2) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY; STATE EDU10 CATIONAL AGENCY.—The terms ‘‘local educational 

11 agency’’ and ‘‘State educational agency’’ have the 

12 meanings given the terms in section 9101 of the Ele13 mentary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

14 U.S.C. 7801). 

15 (3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

16 the Secretary of Education. 

17 SEC. 222. CRITICAL-NEED LANGUAGES. 

18 The Secretary shall, prior to requesting applications 

19 for grants under this subtitle during each grant cycle, con20 sult with, and receive recommendations regarding, critical 

21 need for expertise in foreign languages and world regions 

22 from the head official, or a designee of such head official, 

23 of the National Security Council, the Department of 

24 Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, the De25 partment of State, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 


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1 the Department of Labor, and the Department of Com2 merce, and the Director of National Intelligence. The Sec3 retary shall take into account such recommendations when 

4 developing a list of critical-need languages and when re5 questing applications for grants under this subtitle. The 

6 Secretary shall also make available to applicants the list 

7 of the critical-need languages for the grant cycle. 

8 SEC. 223. CRITICAL-NEED LANGUAGE PROGRAM GRANTS. 

9 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

10 (1) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti11 ty’’ means— 

12 (A) a State educational agency; or 

13 (B) a partnership between a local edu14 cational agency and an institution of higher 

15 education. 

16 (2) HIGH-NEED SCHOOL.—The term ‘‘high-need 

17 school’’ means a public elementary or secondary 

18 school that is eligible for assistance under section 

19 1114(a) of the Elementary and Secondary Edu20 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6314(a)). 

21 (b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary shall 

22 award grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities 

23 to enable the eligible entities to develop programs that 

24 allow students to be exposed to and immersed in other 


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1 languages and cultures from the early grades throughout 

2 the students’ education. 

3 (c) APPLICATION.—An eligible entity desiring a grant 

4 under this section shall submit an application to the Sec5 retary at such time, in such manner, and containing such 

6 information as the Secretary may require. 

7 (d) AWARD BASIS.—In awarding grants under this 

8 section, the Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities 

9 that will use grant funds for programs that target a high10 need school. 

11 (e) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity receiving a 

12 grant under this section shall use grant funds to carry 

13 out 1 or more of the following: 

14 (1) Establish and maintain programs in a crit15 ical-need language (as determined by the Secretary 

16 under section 222) in the elementary schools served 

17 by the eligible entity. 

18 (2) Offer additional or more advanced critical19 need language classes in middle schools and sec20 ondary schools. 

21 (3) Create and implement effective models of 

22 instruction in critical-need languages and world cul23 tures. 

24 (4) Create and maintain internationally themed 

25 schools that— 


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1 (A) offer dual language immersion pro2 grams; 

3 (B) focus on international content; and 

4 (C) use technology to bring the world into 

5 the classroom virtually. 

6 (f) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CENTERS.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall enter 

8 into contracts with entities to establish a system of 

9 regional critical-need foreign language technical as10 sistance centers focused on developing critical-need 

11 language programs in kindergarten through grade 

12 12 education. 

13 (2) APPLICATION.—An entity desiring a con14 tract under this subsection shall submit an applica15 tion to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, 

16 and containing such information as the Secretary 

17 may require. 

18 (3) ACTIVITIES.—Each center established under 

19 this subsection shall— 

20 (A) assist States and local educational 

21 agencies in developing critical-need language 

22 curricula; and 

23 (B) disseminate best practices in the field. 

24 (g) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the last 

25 day of the grant or contract period, an eligible entity reVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00129 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 ceiving a grant under subsection (a) or an entity receiving 

2 a contract under subsection (f) shall prepare and submit 

3 a report to the Secretary describing the supported activi4 ties. 

5 (h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

6 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

7 $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums as may 

8 be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 

9 SEC. 224. INTERNATIONAL SUMMER INSTITUTE GRANTS. 

10 (a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary shall 

11 award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of 

12 higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia 

13 of such institutions or organizations) to carry out summer 

14 institute programs that help teachers integrate inter15 national content into the curricula and improve the teach16 ers’ knowledge and teaching of foreign cultures. 

17 (b) PARTNERSHIP.—In order to receive a grant under 

18 this section, an institution of higher education or a non19 profit organization (or a consortium of such institutions 

20 or organizations) shall enter into a partnership with a 

21 local educational agency to carry out the grant activities. 

22 (c) APPLICATION.—An institution of higher edu23 cation, nonprofit organization, or consortium desiring a 

24 grant under this section shall submit an application to the 


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1 Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing 

2 such information as the Secretary may require. 

3 (d) USE OF FUNDS.—An institution of higher edu4 cation, nonprofit organization, or consortium receiving a 

5 grant under this section shall use grant funds to carry 

6 out 1 or more of the following: 

7 (1) Integrate international content into existing 

8 summer institute programs. 

9 (2) Assist States in creating new summer insti10 tutes to prepare teachers— 

11 (A) to teach international subjects, such as 

12 world history, global economics, and geography; 

13 and 

14 (B) to integrate international content into 

15 other subjects to improve global competence. 

16 (e) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the last 

17 day of the grant period, an institution of higher education, 

18 nonprofit organization, or consortium receiving a grant 

19 under this section shall prepare and submit a report to 

20 the Secretary describing the grant activities. 

21 (f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

22 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

23 $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums as may 

24 be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 


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1 SEC. 225. INTERNATIONAL AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUD2 IES. 

3 (a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to in4 crease study abroad and foreign language study opportu5 nities in critical-need languages for secondary school, un6 dergraduate, and graduate students. 

7 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In this sec8 tion, the term ‘‘eligible entity’’ means— 

9 (1) an institution of higher education; 

10 (2) a consortium of institutions of higher edu11 cation; 

12 (3) an institution of higher education in part13 nership with an international university; 

14 (4) an institution of higher education in part15 nership with a local educational agency; 

16 (5) a State educational agency; or

17 (6) a local educational agency. 

18 (c) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—From amounts appro19 priated under this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary 

20 shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible enti21 ties to enable the eligible entities to establish or strengthen 

22 foreign language study programs in critical-need lan23 guages, as determined by the Secretary under section 222. 

24 (d) AMOUNT AND DURATION OF GRANT.—Each 

25 grant awarded under this section shall be— 


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1 (1) for an amount of not less than $500,000 for 

2 each year of the grant; and 

3 (2) for a period of not less than 4 years. 

4 (e) APPLICATION.—An eligible entity that desires a 

5 grant under this section shall submit an application to the 

6 Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing 

7 such information as the Secretary may require. 

8 (f) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity receiving a 

9 grant under this section shall use the grant funds to estab10 lish or strengthen foreign language study programs in crit11 ical-need languages, which may include the following ac12 tivities: 

13 (1) The recruitment and retention of faculty in 

14 critical-need languages. 

15 (2) Curriculum development. 

16 (3) The acquisition of materials to improve in17 structional programs. 

18 (4) The expansion of study abroad programs 

19 for participating students. 

20 (5) The development of foreign language im21 mersion programs. 

22 (6) Summer institutes for faculty development. 

23 (7) Bridge programs that allow dual enrollment 

24 for secondary school students in institutions of high25 er education. 


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1 (8) Programs to expand the understanding and 

2 knowledge of cultural, geographic, and political fac3 tors within countries with populations who speak 

4 critical-need languages. 

5 (9) Research on, and evaluation of, the teaching 

6 of critical-need foreign languages. 

7 (10) Participation in national programs impact8 ing critical-need foreign languages. 

9 (11) Data collection and analysis regarding the 

10 outcomes of various student recruitment strategies 

11 and program design and curricula approaches, and 

12 their impact on increasing— 

13 (A) the number of students studying crit14 ical-need languages; and 

15 (B) the fluency of the students in the lan16 guages. 

17 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

18 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

19 $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums as may 

20 be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 

21 Subtitle C—Investing in Workers 

22 Through Job Training 

23 SEC. 231. PROJECTS TO PROVIDE LITERACY, TECHNOLOGY, 

24 AND TECHNICAL SKILLS TRAINING. 

25 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 


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1 (1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

2 the Secretary of Labor. 

3 (2) SMALL BUSINESS.—The term ‘‘small busi4 ness’’ means a business with not more than 100 em5 ployees. 

6 (b) PROJECTS.—The Secretary shall carry out 

7 projects to provide literacy, technology, and technical skills 

8 training for workers, including both employed and unem9 ployed workers. 

10 (c) GRANTS.—In carrying out projects described in 

11 subsection (b), the Secretary shall make grants to eligible 

12 partnerships. 

13 (d) ELIGIBLE PARTNERSHIPS.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive such 

15 a grant, a partnership shall be a local or regional 

16 public-private partnership consisting of at least— 

17 (A) 1 State or local workforce investment 

18 board established under section 111 or 117 of 

19 the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 

20 U.S.C. 2821 or 2832) (including a consortium 

21 of such boards in a region); 

22 (B) 1 institution of higher education, as 

23 defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Edu24 cation Act of 1965, (including a consortium of 

25 such institutions); 


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1 (C) 1 business (including a consortium of 

2 such businesses) or nonprofit employer; and 

3 (D) 1 community-based organization, labor 

4 union, trade association, or other intermediary. 

5 (2) DESIGNATION OF RESPONSIBLE FISCAL

6 AGENTS.—Each partnership described in paragraph 

7 (1) shall designate a responsible fiscal agent to re8 ceive and disburse grant funds under this section. 

9 (e) TRAINING.— 

10 (1) PARTICIPANTS.—A partnership that re11 ceives a grant under subsection (c) shall provide 

12 training through a project described in subsection 

13 (b) to persons who are employed and who wish to 

14 obtain and upgrade skills to qualify for existing jobs 

15 (as of the date such training begins) and to persons 

16 who are unemployed. 

17 (2) PREPARATION.—Such training shall, to the 

18 extent practicable, include the preparation of work19 ers for a broad range of positions along a career lad20 der. 

21 (f) START-UP ACTIVITIES.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para23 graph (2), not more than 5 percent, or $75,000, 

24 whichever is less, of the funds made available 

25 through a single grant made under this section may 


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1 be used toward the start-up costs of a partnership 

2 or training project. 

3 (2) EXCEPTION.—In the case of partnerships 

4 consisting primarily of small businesses, not more 

5 than 10 percent, or $150,000, whichever is less, of 

6 the funds made available through a single grant 

7 made under this section may be used toward the 

8 start-up costs of a partnership or training project. 

9 (3) DURATION OF START-UP PERIOD.—For 

10 purposes of this subsection, a start-up period con11 sists of a period of not more than 1 month, begin12 ning on the first day of the grant period. At the end 

13 of the start-up period, training shall immediately 

14 begin and no further Federal funds may be used for 

15 start-up costs. 

16 (g) APPLICATIONS.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a 

18 grant under this section, a partnership shall submit 

19 an application to the Secretary at such time, in such 

20 manner, and containing such information as the Sec21 retary may require. 

22 (2) CONTENTS.—Each application for such a 

23 grant shall— 

24 (A) provide evidence of the need for the 

25 training to be provided through the grant, by 


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1 providing evidence of skill shortages in existing 

2 or emerging industries as demonstrated through 

3 reliable regional, State, or local data; 

4 (B) articulate the level of skills that work5 ers will be trained for and the manner by which 

6 attainment of those skills will be measured; and 

7 (C) include an agreement that the project 

8 will be subject to evaluation by the Secretary to 

9 measure the effectiveness of the project. 

10 (3) MATCHING FUNDS.—Each application for a 

11 grant to carry out a project described in subsection 

12 (b) shall state the manner by which the partnership 

13 will— 

14 (A) make available, with respect to the 

15 costs to be incurred by the partnership in car16 rying out the project, non-Federal contributions 

17 (in cash or in kind) in an amount equal to not 

18 less than 50 percent of the Federal funds pro19 vided under the grant; and 

20 (B) make the contributions available di21 rectly or through donations from public or private entities, and ensure that at least 1 22 ⁄2 of the 

23 contributions will be from businesses or non24 profit employers involved in the partnership. 

25 (h) CONSIDERATIONS.— 


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1 (1) PROJECTS WITH COMMITMENTS.—In mak2 ing grants under this section, the Secretary shall 

3 give consideration to an applicant that provides a 

4 specific, measurable commitment— 

5 (A) upon successful completion of a train6 ing course by a participant— 

7 (i) who is unemployed, to hire or ef8 fectuate the hiring of the participant 

9 (where applicable); 

10 (ii) who is an incumbent worker, to 

11 increase the wages or salary of the worker 

12 (where applicable); or 

13 (iii) to provide skill certification to the 

14 participant; 

15 (B) to provide training that is linked to in16 dustry-accepted occupational skill standards, 

17 certificates, or licensing requirements; or 

18 (C) to provide a project that will lead to 

19 attainment of baccalaureate or associate de20 grees. 

21 (2) EXPANDED AND COLLABORATIVE

22 PROJECTS.—In making grants under this section, 

23 the Secretary shall give consideration to an applicant 

24 that proposes to use grant funds— 


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1 (A) to demonstrate a significant ability to 

2 expand a training project through such means 

3 as training more workers or offering more 

4 courses; and 

5 (B) to carry out a training project result6 ing from a collaboration, especially with more 

7 than 1 small business or with an entity carrying 

8 out a labor-management training project. 

9 (3) PARTNERSHIPS INVOLVING SMALL BUSI10 NESSES.—In making grants under this section, the 

11 Secretary shall give consideration to an applicant 

12 that involves and directly benefits more than 1 small 

13 business. 

14 (4) DONATIONS FROM PUBLIC OR PRIVATE EN15 TITIES.—In making grants under this section, the 

16 Secretary shall give consideration to an applicant 

17 that provides a specific commitment that a portion 

18 of the non-Federal contribution described in sub19 section (g)(3) will be made available through dona20 tions from other public or private entities, so as to 

21 demonstrate the long-term sustainability of the 

22 project after the expiration of the grant period in23 volved. 

24 (i) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—A partnership that re25 ceives a grant to carry out a project described in subVerDate Aug 31 2005 02:02 Jun 14, 2006 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00140 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3502.IS S3502

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1 section (b) may not use more than 10 percent of the funds 

2 made available through the grant to pay for administrative 

3 costs associated with the project. 

4 (j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

5 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

6 $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and such sums as may 

7 be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years. 

Æ 


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