PFTII report

Plain and Rolled Fingerprint Matching 

with Proprietary Templates

Su Lan Cheng

Gregory Fiumara

Craig Watson

NISTIR 7821
Information Access Division

National Institute of Standard and Technology

NISTIR 7821

PFTII report

Plain and Rolled Fingerprint Matching 

with Proprietary Templates

Su Lan Cheng

Gregory Fiumara

Craig Watson

Information Technology laboratory

Information Access Division

U.S. Department of Commerce

John E. Bryson, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Patrick D. Gallagher, Director

October 2011
1

PFTII report: Plain and Rolled Fingerprint Matching with 

Proprietary Templates

Abstract

This report is an extension of the “Two Finger Matching with Vendor SDK1 Matches” [1] which 

evaluated the accuracy of matching two plain impression fingerprints (right index and left index) 

with proprietary fingerprint templates. This study is based on National Institute of Standards and 

Technology’s (NIST) ongoing proprietary fingerprint template (PFTII) program 

(http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/pftii.cfm) which evaluates matching two plain index fingers of two 

datasets and six fingers (both thumbs, index fingers, and middle fingers) of one dataset. The 

fingerprint matches are performed between different types of print impressions: plain vs. plain 

images (p2p), plain vs. rolled images (p2r), and rolled vs. rolled images (r2r). The proprietary 

template size, the timings for template extractions, and comparisons are examined and 

summarized. 

1. Introduction

Prior to PFTII, the proprietary fingerprint template (PFT) evaluations were performed to measure 

the accuracy of two-finger matching verification systems [1] for two plain impression fingerprints.

In another study [2], the performance from matching images of plain impression fingerprints, 

(referred in this report as “plain”), and rolled impression fingerprints, (referred in this report as 

“rolled”), of thumbs, index, middle, ring and little fingers were shown for the participant’s SDK

matchers. In [3], studies on fingerprint matching accuracy have been researched on plain to 

rolled fingerprint matching using the NIST Algorithmic Test Bed (ATB)2on various datasets. 

However in [2, 3], the dataset size for the plain to rolled comparison were significantly smaller.

The PFTII evaluation expands the size of both gallery and probe sets from PFT. Two of the

fingerprints datasets from the PFT evaluation are carried forward from the ongoing PFT 

evaluation, but added samples. A new data set which comprises ten print rolled images is

included in the evaluation for PFTII. Details of the datasets are described in section 2.

With the increased size of the PFTII dataset, and three comparisons (p2p, p2r, r2r) for six 

fingers, the volume of image records has tripled. A new data storage management, 

“RecordStore”, has been introduced and implemented in the PFTII evaluation process. Detail of 

the “RecordStore” will be described later in the evaluation strategy section.

Detection Error Trade-off (DET) curves, Equal error rate (EER), False Match Rate (FMR), and 

False non-Match Rate (FNMR) are shown in the report. There are several new measurements 

being reported for PFTII:

 

1

SDK stands for Software Development Kit. Software libraries developed to a standardized application 

programming interface (API) are supplied to NIST for evaluation. 

2 ATB is a prototype evaluation system provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to NIST to support 

benchmark studies of the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS).
2

 Fail To Enroll (FTE)

When the matcher fails to extract the template, a null template is created, and an FTE is 

counted. The null template will continue to be processed for the comparison which 

measures the true DET.

 Proprietary template size

The API has been modified to include the output of the size of proprietary template. 

 Matcher’s template enrollment time and comparison time

Both the enrollment and comparison time contain only CPU time (in micro seconds), 

deliberately omitting the I/O time.

 Confidence Interval for FMR and FNMR

95% confidence intervals of FNMR at FMR= 0.0001, and FMR at FNMR= {0.002, 0.005}

are computed by the binomial estimation with were is the 

computed FNMR and FMR,

 1 1 2 1 

 

N = the sample size, Φ-1 is the inverse of cumulative Normal distribution, and = 0.05.

This is based on previous research in PFT results, which showed that there is no 

significant difference between binomial and bootstrap estimations [4] in this application.

2. Dataset

Two of the two-finger datasets, DHS2 and POEBVA, are carried forward from the original PFT 

evaluation, but with additional 60K pairs respectively. A new ten print dataset is created from a

combination of two different data sources, Arizona Department of Public Safety (AZDPS) and 

LA County Sheriff Department (LA) to form dataset AZLA. A random 120K subjects with mates 

were selected from the joint set of subjects with more than one ten print record, and 120K nonmate subjects from the joint set of having only one ten print record were selected. The 

distribution of the sample set AZLA is about 60% from AZ and 40% from LA of subjects with

mates, and 12% from AZ and 88% from LA for the non-mates. Note that there are more 

subjects with multiple ten print records in AZ (≈100K of 376K), while more subject with only one 

ten print record from LA (≈1.5 M of 1.6M) as indicated from dataset descriptions in section 2.1.

The mate data used in dataset AZLA are pre-evaluated and consolidated using the NIST ATB 

system and the examiner confirmation. The original 60K mates from DHS2 and POEBVA were 

consolidated from the PFT evaluations, but the new 60K additional mates will be consolidated 

as needed as the PFTII evaluation progresses. 

1K samples from datasets; AZ, LA, DHS2, and POEBVA were selected having a specific fixed 

image size on which the template size and timings are measured: 

 AZ: Probe – 800x800 pixels, Gallery – 800x800 pixels

 LA: Probe – 400x776 pixels, Gallery – 422x1000 pixels

 DHS2: Probe – 368x368 pixels, Gallery – 368x368 pixels

 POEBVA: Probe – 368x368 pixels, Gallery – 500x500 pixels
3

Description of datasets DHS2 and POEBVA can be found in [2], while AZDPS, and LA are listed 

as following:

AZDPS data (AZ)

Description

Data from the Arizona Department of Public Safety.

Number of Subjects

 ≈270K with one record

 ≈105K with 2 or more records

records per Subject

One or more records per subject. 

Each record contains one 10-print card.

Impression Type

Live-scan Rolled and Plain

Finger Positions Captured

10 fingerprints taken from rolled 

impressions and 10 fingerprints taken 

from 2 plain thumbs and segmentation of 

2 plain slap-4 images on the same 10-

print card

Capture Device(s)

NA

Other Available Images

None

Availability

 Government use only

Data Preparation

Segmentations of 2 plain slap-4 impressions were done by NIST nfseg3program. 

Only the successful automatic segmentation results were used. If one of the four 

segmented impressions failed the NIST Fingerprint Quality (NFIQ) program, then 

the other three segmented impressions were excluded as well. Only a few 

impressions were excluded for this reason.

Data used in the evaluation were consolidated for subjects with mutilple records.

 

3

nfseg, a fingerprint segmentation algorithm, is in the NIST Biometric Image Software (NBIS) distribution which 

can be found in http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/nbis.cfm. 
4

LA Country Sheriff Department (LA)

Description

Data from the Los Angeles County Sheriff Department

Number of Subjects

 ≈1.5 Million with one record

≈74K with 2 or more records 

records per Subject

One or more records per subject. 

Each record contains one 10-print card.

Impression Type

Live-scan and Ink

Rolled and Plain

Finger Positions Captured

10 fingerprints taken from rolled 

impressions and 10 fingerprints taken from 

2 plain thumbs and segmentation of 2 

plain slap-4 images on the same 10-print 

card

Capture Device(s)4

DBI 1133S

CGT EP 1680

CSI CLS1

Other Available Images

Palm print

 Face

 Scar Mark and Tattoo

Availability

Government use only

Data Preparation

Segmentations of 2 plain slap-4 impressions were done by NIST nfseg program. 

Only the successful automatic segmentation results were used. If one of the four 

segmented impressions failed the NFIQ program, then the other three segmented 

impressions were excluded as well. Only a few impressions were excluded for this 

reason.

Data used in the evaluation were consolidated for subjects with multiple records.

 

4

Specific hardware and software products identified in this report do not imply recommendation or endorsement by 

NIST.
5

2.1 PFTII dataset Image Quality

All the fingerprint impressions in DHS2 and POEBVA are live scan. For AZLA, the impression 

types are mixed live scan and rescan from ten print cards; this mix is 93% from live scan and 

7% from ink, as determined by meta-data provided with dataset.

The performance of the fingerprint recognition technique and the template extraction algorithm 

relies on the quality of the fingerprint images. The overall quality summarization for the sample 

datasets of PFTII are calculated by the following recommended equations from [4]5:

FMR Equations for NFIQ summarization

0.0001 105.41 - 5.41p1 - 9.15p2 - 23.82p3 - 55.81p4 - 105.41p5

0.001 102.75 - 2.75p1 - 5.37p2 - 14.38p3 - 42.25p4 - 102.75p5

0.01 101.91 - 1.91p1 - 3.97p2 - 10.24p3 - 34.03p4 - 101.91p5

where pi is the proportion of the fingerprints with NFIQ of value i = 1 ... 5, for PFTII datasets

fingerprints. The resulting quality summary index is shown on Figure 1 for plain finger 02, 07

(right and left index fingers):

Figure 1 shows overall the quality indices of finger 02 and 07 for all three datasets: AZLA, 

POEBVA, and DHS2. The index is in the range of [0,100] where 0 represents the lowest quality, 

 

5

This Biometric quality summarization is based on the weighted normalized NFIQ frequency for verification 

system.

 Figure 1: Dataset NIFQ Summaries
6

100 as the best quality, so the higher the summary index value, the better quality of the dataset. 

This is opposite the NFIQ index (the lower the better). Within each dataset, the quality differs. 

For ALZA, Finger 02 is slightly better than Finger 07. For DHS2, 07 is slightly better than 02.

However in POEBVA, finger 02 is much better than 07. In the summary section, we will analyze

if there is any correlation of these quality indices with the matching performance of the 

algorithms. 

3. Evaluation Strategy

PFTII continues to evaluate one-to-one fingerprint matching accuracy by the following 

configuration:

G : Gallery set of size 120,000 subjects

PM : Probe mate set of size 120,000 subjects

PNM : Probe non-mate of size 120,000 subjects

with the following constraints:

 PM contains exactly the same subject IDs as G, but with images that have been acquired at 

a different time.

 Consolidation of Subject IDs

There are no common IDs between G and PNM, from which it necessarily follows that there 

are no common IDs between PM and PNM. Fingerprint matching always involved the same 

finger position only (e.g., right index to right index) for both the probes and the gallery. 

The order of the matching of the pairs are computed randomly.

3.1 RecordStore

In PFTII, the total fingerprint images have more than tripled over that of PFT from 1.5 million to 

5.8 million, while the number of comparisons jumped from 1.4 million to 5.2 million. This creates 

an extra load on the storage system with a much larger number of files to be processed.

Traditionally, the PFT evaluation would generate individual file output for each proprietary 

enrollment template from each participant, in addition to consuming large numbers of files as 

input. In many file systems, managing a huge number of files is not efficient and leads to 

difficulties for processing. The file system overhead ultimately hampers the runtime of the 

evaluation.

Therefore an alternative file I/O strategy was applied for PFTII. This strategy called,

RecordStore, was designed by NIST to provide an abstraction for performing record-oriented 

input and output to an underlying storage system. 

A RecordStore is an implementation of a data management strategy that is controlled by a 

common code interface to support basic methods such as read() and write(). One simple data 

management strategy is to store each record into a separate file, reproducing what has typically 
7

been done in the evaluation. Another strategy could be to store records in a remote relational 

database.

For PFTII, a Berkeley DB4implementation of the RecordStore has been used, which provides 

significant speed improvements when reading and writing templates compared to individual files 

on disk. RecordStores maintain this flexibility in that they can be easily merged together into a 

larger RecordStore, a benefit which enables PFTII execution to be distributed across a cluster of 

blade computers while taking advantage of greatly improved I/O throughput. This dramatically 

reduces the time of the entire evaluation process, making the large number of measurements 

feasible.

However the implementation of RecordStore does not affect the timing of enrollment nor the 

timing of the comparison since only the processing time is collected and measured.

3.2 Hardware 

The 1K sample evaluations are performed on a specific computer with 4XAMD4 Quad 2.3 

GHz/8MB cache processors, 192 GB of RAM, and a 64 bit operating system. The rest of the

PFTII evaluations are ran from a list of available hardware as specified in the PFTII Evaluation

Plan (http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/upload/PFTII_Evaluation_Plan.pdf). 

4. Results

To simplify the notations in the report, finger positions are labeled according to the following:

Finger

position label 01 02 03 06 07 08 01+06 02+07 03+08

Description Right 

Thumb

Right 

Index

Right 

Middle

Left 

Thumb

Left

Index

Left 

Middle

Right and 

Left Thumb

Right and 

Left Index

Right and 

Left Middle

Table 1: Finger Position Description

Finger position 01, 02, and 03 are from the right hand, 06, 07, and 08 from the left hand, while 

01+06, 02+07, and 03+08 represent the simple sum scores fusion from their respective finger 

positions.

To date, there have been three participants in PFTII listed as the following. The evaluation is 

ongoing and open to the entire fingerprint matching community (including vendors and 

academics).

Participant

code

Organization Name

3A Avalon Biometrics S.L.

3B ID Solutions, Inc.

3C Patrima Technology Company

Table 2: PFTII Participant List as September 2011
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

8

This report explicitly analyzes each matcher’s algorithm, and illustrates: first the matcher’s 

template size, enrollment timing, and comparison timing statistics; second, the performance by 

DET and error statistics for each individual matcher according to the different comparison types

(p2p,p2r,r2r). Each matcher’s results are categorized by the following two groups:

I. 1K Sample Template Size and Timing statistics:

Figure v*-1, 

Table v-1

Box chart and detail table for maximum, 75%, median, 25%, and 

minimum of template size.

Figure v-2,

Table v-2 

Box chart and detail table for maximum, 75 %, median, 25 %, and 

minimum time of enrollment and comparison in second.

II. Performance by DET curves and Error statistics:

Figure v-3 DET curves**: p2p comparison for datasets AZLA, DHS2, 

POEBVA, and all three combinations for finger 02, 07, 02+07.

Figure v-4 DET curves: p2p, p2r, and r2r for AZLA only, with fingers (01, 02 

,03, 06, 07, 08, 01+06, 02+07, 03+08)

Figure v-5,

Table v-3

EERs and FTEs

Figure v-6,

Table v-4

FMRs @ FNMR= {.002, 0.005} and 95% Confidence Intervals

Figure v-7,

Table v-4

FNMRs @ FMR = .0001 and 95% Confidence Intervals

Note: * v is substituted by 3A, 3B, and 3C.

** One set of curves which connects the FNMRs from a fixed matcher thresholds (scores

are not normalized) which are corresponding to FMR= {0.0001, 0.005, 0.001, 0.05, 

0.01}. For convenience, thresholds were selected from results of the POEBVA dataset 

and then applied to the DET curves for the other datasets.

The many figures and tables for each matcher are shown in Appendix A.

4.1 Template Size

Unlike the MINEX6template format which has a size limit of 800 bytes with a standard fixed 

format, a proprietary template has no size limit with the matcher defined format. 

The template size summary is displayed in Figure 2. There is a large variation in the resulting 

template size; the largest one from 3A is four times the smallest one from 3C within each 

dataset. Even the smallest 3C sizes are larger than the maximum size of MINEX. 

 

6 MINEX is the NIST ongoing Minutiae Interoperability Exchange Test which uses International Committee for 

Information Technology Standards (INCITS) 378 specification. 

 
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

9

Detail of the five statistics distributions are shown in Figure and Table 3A-1, 3B-1, 3C -1 of 

Appendix A. We found that it’s very consistent over matchers and datasets; the larger the 

image, the larger the proprietary template size.

 

4.2 1K Sample Enrollment and Comparison Timing 

As specified in the PFTII application evaluation plan (section 3.2), we recommend the average 

enrollment time not exceeding 3 second and comparison time not exceeding one tenth of a 

second. In Figure 3, the evaluation timing summary from the median of both timings, it is shown 

that all the matchers meet the recommendations in both enrollment and comparison. Figures

3A-2, 3B-2, and 3C-2 in Appendix A show the detailed timing statistics from each matcher by 

dataset. We make the following observations:

 The larger the template size is, the longer the time to enroll and to compare.

 The maximum enrollment time is ≈ 6 seconds, while the minimum is ≈ 0 seconds.

 With regard to possible relationship between the enrollment and comparison times, we 

observe (Figure 3), that one matcher has the longest median enrollment time (twice the 

shortest time) but has the shortest median comparison time (one tenth the longest time). 

The timings from the other two matchers are in similar ranges.

 Figure 2: 1K Sample Template Size

Summary (Byte
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

10

 There is a big variation of the comparison time.

 A few of the maximum comparison times of the matchers are more than an order of 

magnitude greater than their own median time (Figure 3C-2 in Appendix A). This may be 

caused by the initialization from the matchers. 

4.3 Performance of P2P for Right Index, Left Index and two index fingers 

combined. 

DET characteristic curves from Figures 3A-3, 3B-3, and 3C-3 in Appendix A are one of the 

major performance measurements for the PFTII evaluation. The figures display the FNMRs in 

the range of (0.0001 ≤ FMR < 0.1) of each matcher individually with respect to the different 

datasets: AZLA, DHS2, POEBVA and all three sets combined. Also in the figures, a list of 

FNMRs which are rendered through specific thresholds are obtained from the POEBVA dataset 

with FMR = {0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005}.This demonstrates the FNMRs from different 

datasets with the same thresholds. Note that the thresholds displayed are not normalized from 

the matcher scores. 

Figure 4 is the summary of Figures 3A-3, 3B-3, and 3C-3 from Appendix A, by matcher. Figure 

5 shows the summary of DETs by dataset. 

 Figure 3: 1K Sample Timing Summary
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

11

Figure 4: FNMR vs. FMR from matcher 3A, 3B, 3C for Plain vs. Plain Comparison by 

Right index, Left index, and two index fingers fusion.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

12

Figure 5: FNMR vs. FMR from AZLA, DHS2, POEBVA, for Plain vs. Plain Comparison by 

Right index, Left index, and two index fingers fusion.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

13

Together with Table 3 of the FNMRs at FMR = {0.0001, 0.001}, and the observations, we find 

the following:

Plain vs. Plain FNMR

FMR = 0.0001 FMR = 0.001

Matcher Finger AZLA DHS2 POEBVA AZLA DHS2 POEBVA

3A 02 0.0199 0.0430 0.0099 0.0130 0.0301 0.0059

3B 02 0.0331 0.0554 0.0162 0.0234 0.0434 0.0102

3C 02 0.0273 0.1098 0.0185 0.0194 0.0904 0.0115

3A 07 0.0239 0.0418 0.0217 0.0174 0.0296 0.0130

3B 07 0.0350 0.0522 0.0318 0.0261 0.0393 0.0207

3C 07 0.0333 0.0993 0.0321 0.0242 0.0824 0.0228

3A 02+07 0.0049 0.0160 0.0017 0.0037 0.0128 0.0011

3B 02+07 0.0089 0.0196 0.0032 0.0063 0.0169 0.0020

3C 02+07 0.0064 0.0507 0.0036 0.0036 0.0445 0.0020

Table 3: FNMR values for Plain to Plain print comparison with right (02), left (07) index 

and the sum fusion (02+07) from three datasets. Cells are shaded green with 

the lowest FNMR for each finger position among matchers.

 Regardless the matcher, dataset POEBVA continues to show the best results with the 

lowest FNMRs of the three sets, while DHS2 is the worst of the three sets; AZLA and all 

three datasets combined are second and third in the ranks. (Figure 4).

 However, according to the image quality summary index (Figure 1), AZLA is shown with 

better quality than POEBVA. One reason may be the plain index fingerprints were

segmented from the slap image of the ten print card (which were rescaned from paper) 

for AZLA, while POEBVA plain index images were captured from live scan. DHS2 is the 

least accurate dataset which is consistent with the worst quality summary index. 

 Right index finger (02) is more accurate than left index finger (07) except 3C, where 

there is no significant difference between them.

 There are no significant difference between 3B and 3C for datasets POEBVA and AZLA 

(Figure 5), whereas there is a larger gap between 3B and 3C from DHS2 where 3B is 

close to 3A. 

4.4 Performance of Comparisons: Plain vs. Plain, Plain vs. Rolled, and Rolled 

vs. Rolled prints for Dataset AZLA.

This is the second performance measurement for PFTII evaluation in Figure {3A, 3B, 3C}-4 in 

Appendix A. In this section we study the performance differences among those three 

comparison types. In each of the individual matcher’s DET figures, all three comparison types: 

p2p, p2r, and r2r, are displayed by six finger positions and three sum-fused results of the left 

and right positions. Regarding those figures, we make the following observations:
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

14

 Again the simple two finger sum-fused are more accurate than single finger, regardless 

the finger positions (01, 02, 03, 06, 07, 08) and the comparison types. 

 Right thumb (01), right index finger (02), and right middle finger (03) perform slightly 

better than those same positions from the left (06, 07, 08) for matcher 3A, while there 

are no significant difference from matcher 3B and 3C. 

 For matcher 3A and 3B, r2r has higher accuracy than p2p or p2r for index fingers (02,

07) and middle fingers (03, 08) as indicated in [3]. However, there is no significant 

differences for the p2p and p2r for the thumb positions (01, 06).

 For matcher 3C, all the p2p, p2r, and r2r are very similar, where r2r is slightly better with 

all the fingers except the thumbs (01, 06) where p2p is better than p2r and r2r.

Besides the matcher individual figures in Appendix A, one summary table and three figures are 

included below.

 Table 4 shows the FNMR values for three comparison types, grouped by matcher and 

finger position.

 Figure 6, 7, and 8 display the FMR vs. FNMR for each comparison type. 

The figures demonstrate the difference between the comparison types, or the similar results

within the same type of comparison among the algorithms. 

In order to be comparable to the previous PFT evaluations, an additional testing set is setup 

with a gallery subset of size 60K, a probe mate subset of size 60K, and the same probe nonmate set of size 120K for the three datasets: AZLA, POEBVA, and DHS2 for fingers 02, 07 and 

02+07. In this way, the DET and ROC curves are based on 60K genuine scores and 120K 

imposter scores. These figures and tables are also included in Appendix B.

4.5 FTE and EER

Table 5 displays FTE counts for each algorithm. Theoretically, FTEs should contribute to higher 

error rate for FNMRs, nevertheless the rate is so small (0 ≤ FTE ≤ 0.0021) that it has shown

little impact on the results from our observations. Noted that FTE = 0 for matcher 3B across all

enrollments. 

For 30% of matcher 3B’s comparisons, EER could not be produced because the minimum of 

FNMR is greater than the maximum of FMR. 
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

15

Comparison

Type Matcher FMR = 0.0001 FMR = 0.001

Plain vs. Plain 01 02 03 01 02 03

3A 0.0095 0.0199 0.0228 0.0062 0.0130 0.0172

3B 0.0098 0.0331 0.0299 0.0064 0.0234 0.0193

3C 0.0177 0.0273 0.0286 0.0132 0.0194 0.0219

06 07 08 06 07 08

3A 0.0101 0.0239 0.0260 0.0072 0.0174 0.0196

3B 0.0071 0.0350 0.0285 0.0054 0.0261 0.0209

3C 0.0214 0.0333 0.0373 0.0153 0.0242 0.0280

01+06 02+07 03+08 01+06 02+07 03+08

3A 0.0021 0.0049 0.0070 0.0016 0.0037 0.0055

3B 0.0019 0.0089 0.0091 0.0014 0.0063 0.0065

3C 0.0041 0.0064 0.0093 0.0027 0.0036 0.0063

Plain vs. Rolled 01 02 03 01 02 03

3A 0.0123 0.0194 0.0242 0.0080 0.0140 0.0175

3B 0.0095 0.0300 0.0229 0.0076 0.0197 0.0166

3C 0.0278 0.0402 0.0434 0.0202 0.0287 0.0316

06 07 08 06 07 08

3A 0.0153 0.0252 0.0255 0.0098 0.0173 0.0193

3B 0.0086 0.0293 0.0234 0.0065 0.0217 0.0179

3C 0.0362 0.0424 0.0508 0.0259 0.0329 0.0379

01+06 02+07 03+08 01+06 02+07 03+08

3A 0.0027 0.0056 0.0072 0.0024 0.0037 0.0051

3B 0.0023 0.0085 0.0074 0.0018 0.0057 0.0055

3C 0.0080 0.0110 0.0151 0.0053 0.0065 0.0092

Rolled vs. 

Rolled 01 02 03 01 02 03

3A 0.0091 0.0070 0.0084 0.0076 0.0047 0.0060

3B 0.0057 0.0066 0.0054 0.0046 0.0051 0.0046

3C 0.0301 0.0266 0.0260 0.0222 0.0197 0.0190

06 07 08 06 07 08

3A 0.0123 0.0083 0.0109 0.0077 0.0052 0.0071

3B 0.0046 0.0072 0.0062 0.0039 0.0057 0.0052

3C 0.0383 0.0317 0.0299 0.0267 0.0208 0.0217

01+06 02+07 03+08 01+06 02+07 03+08

3A 0.0023 0.0014 0.0018 0.0023 0.0014 0.0018

3B 0.0013 0.0017 0.0015 0.0009 0.0012 0.0013

3C 0.0104 0.0079 0.0088 0.0072 0.0055 0.0063

Table 4: FNMR values for Dataset AZLA at FMR = {0.0001, 0.001} with all finger positions 

and all three comparison types.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

16

Figure 6: FNMR vs. FMR from AZLA for Plain vs. Plain with all finger positions and their 

respective sum fusions.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

17

Figure 7: FNMR vs. FMR from AZLA for Plain vs. rolled with all finger positions and their 

respective sum fusions. 
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

18

Figure 8: FNMR vs. FMR from AZLA for Plain vs. Plain with all finger positions and 

their respective sum fusions.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

19

Comparison 

Type Dataset Finger Position

FTE Count

3A 3B 3C

p2p AZLA 02 69 5 0

07 81 2 0

02+07 150 7 0

DHS2 02 45 762 0

07 31 524 0

02+07 76 1286 0

POEBVA 02 1 0 0

07 0 0 0

02+07 1 0 0

p2p AZLA 01 37 40 0

02 69 5 0

03 25 0 0

06 24 26 0

07 81 2 0

08 17 4 0

01+06 61 66 0

02+07 150 7 0

03+08 42 4 0

p2r AZLA 01 26 35 0

02 28 9 0

03 14 5 0

06 17 16 0

07 33 7 0

08 17 9 0

01+06 43 51 0

02+07 61 16 0

03+08 31 14 0

r2r AZLA 01 16 26 0

02 9 13 0

03 6 11 0

06 9 11 0

07 6 7 0

08 13 14 0

01+06 25 37 0

02+07 15 20 0

03+08 19 25 0

Table 5: FTE Counts for all matchers, and the total number for a single finger is 

360,000, and the total two fingers sum fusion is 720,000.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

20

5. Summary

From the results on three SDK matchers, each algorithm demonstrates different performance by 

the three comparison types. We have found there are some uncertainties and some similarities

as follows: 

 The simple two fingers sum-fused score results is better than one single finger.

 All the algorithms performed the best with dataset POEBVA.

 The majority of rolled vs. rolled results are better than plain .vs. plain or plain vs. rolled, 

except 3C (Figure 3C-4 in Appendix A).

 Thumb comparison is not always better than index finger or middle finger. E.g., thumb 

comparison for 3A is worse with rolled vs. rolled (Figure 3A-4 in Appendix A).

PFTII is an on-going NIST evaluation program. Future SDK matcher results will be published to 

the PFTII web site at http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/pftii_results.cfm. A future report is planned to 

evaluate previous PFT and MINEX results to study the improvement in fingerprint matching 

performance over time.

6. References

[1] Craig I. Watson, Charles Wilson, Mike Indovina, Brian Cochran: “Two Finger matching 

with Vendor SDK Matchers”; NISTIR 7249, July 2005.

[2] C. I. Watson, C. L. Wilson, K. Marshall, R. Snelick, “ Studies of One-to-One Fingerprint 

matchers with Vendor SDK matchers”; NISTIR 7221, April 2005. 

[3] Stephen S. Wood and Charles L. Wilson; “Studies of Plain-to-Rolled Fingerprint 

Matching Using the NIST Algorithmic Test Bed (ATB)”; NISTIR 7112; April, 2004.

[4] Elham Tabassi, Patrick Grother, ”Quality Summarization Recommendations on 

Biometric Quality Summarization across the Application Domain”; NISTIR 

7422,May,2007.

[5] Su Lan Cheng, Ross Micheals, Z.Q. John Lu;” Comparison of Confidence Intervals for 

Large Operational Biometric Data by Parametric and Non-parametric Methods”; NISTIR 

7740, November, 2010.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-1

7. Appendix - A 

Table of Content

Page Figure/Table Description

A-2 Figure 3A-1 & Table 3A-1 1K Sample Template Size Distribution

A-3 Figure 3A-2 & Table 3A-2 1K Sample Enrollment and Comparison Timing Statistics

A-4 Figure 3A-3

DET for POEBVA, DHS2, AZLA, and all three combined 

from finger 02, 07, and 02+07*

A-5 Figure 3A-4

DET for all Finger Positions; (01, 02 ,03, 06, 07, 08, 01+06, 

02+07, 03+08)* from AZLA

A-6 Figure 3A-5 EERs and FTEs

A-7 Figure 3A-6

FMRs @ FNMR = (.002, 0.005) and 95% Confidence 

Intervals

A-8 Figure 3A-7 FNMRs @ FMR = .0001 and 95% Confidence Intervals

A-9 Table 3A-3 Table Details for EERs and FTEs

A-10 Table 3A-4

Table Details for FNMRs @ FMR = .0001, and

 FMRs @ FNMR = (.002, 0.005)

A-11 to 

A-20 Figure 3B-1 to Table 3B-4 Same from all the above descriptions

A-21 to 

A-29

Figure 3C-1 to Table 3C-4 Same from all the above descriptions
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-2

I. Matcher 3A

Dataset AZ AZ LA LA DHS2 DHS2 POEBVA POEBVA

Type Gallery Probe Gallery Probe Gallery Probe Gallery Probe

WidthxHeight

(pixels)

800x800 800x800 412x1000 400x776 368x368 368x368 500x500 368x368

Maximum 23901 22262 17814 15211 6566 6796 10120 6050

75% 13501 13622 12371 9595 4594 4683 5076 4307

Median 11988 12121 11283 8651 4201 4275 4429 3924

25% 10758 10752 10246 7730 3842 3862 3901 3619

Minimum 3875 6308 6883 2788 1834 1808 2346 1738

Table 3A-1: Template Size (Byte)

 Figure 3A-1: 1K Sample Template Size Distribution
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-3

 Enrollment Time (second) Comparison Time (second)

Dataset AZ LA DHS2 POEBVA Dataset AZ LA DHS2 POEBVA

Maximum 2.4488 1.6522 0.6042 0.9276 Maximum 0.2245 0.1888 0.0397 0.0904

75% 2.0047 1.4039 0.5283 0.7493 75% 0.0952 0.0527 0.0129 0.0140

Median 1.9216 1.1506 0.5124 0.4918 Median 0.0759 0.0414 0.0103 0.0113

25% 1.8523 1.0811 0.4942 0.4694 25% 0.0609 0.0324 0.0083 0.0093

Minimum 1.4591 0.7552 0.4046 0.3557 Minimum 0.0267 0.0097 0.0031 0.0043

Table 3A-2: Enrollment and Comparison Time (second)

Figure 3A-2: 1K Sample Enrollment and Comparison Time

Time
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-4

Figure 3A-3: DET for ALL Datasets (P2P)
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-5

Figure 3A-4: DET for dataset AZLA
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-6

Note: p2p - plain vs. plain; p2r - plain vs. rolled; r2r – rolled vs. rolled.

 

 Figure 3A-5 EER and FTE
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-7

 

 Figure 3A-6: FNMRs @ FMR = .0001 and 95% Confidence Intervals
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-8

 Figure 3A-7: FMRs@FNMR = {.002, 0.005} and 95% Confidence Intervals

Note: NA – The number couldn’t be reliably measured with the current sample size of 120,000.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-9

Comparison 

Type Dataset Finger position EER FTE Rate FTE 

count

p2p poebva 02 0.004292 0.000003 1

p2p poebva 07 0.008225 0.000000 0

p2p poebva 02+07 0.001042 0.000001 1

p2p dhs2 02 0.020142 0.000125 45

p2p dhs2 07 0.018942 0.000086 31

p2p dhs2 02+07 0.009308 0.000106 76

p2p azla 01 0.004750 0.000103 37

p2p azla 02 0.009083 0.000192 69

p2p azla 03 0.012767 0.000069 25

p2p azla 06 0.005183 0.000067 24

p2p azla 07 0.011075 0.000225 81

p2p azla 08 0.014667 0.000047 17

p2p azla 01+06 0.001492 0.000085 61

p2p azla 02+07 0.003125 0.000208 150

p2p azla 03+08 0.004667 0.000058 42

p2r azla 01 0.005583 0.000072 26

p2r azla 02 0.009192 0.000078 28

p2r azla 03 0.011783 0.000039 14

p2r azla 06 0.006275 0.000047 17

p2r azla 07 0.010683 0.000092 33

p2r azla 08 0.013150 0.000047 17

p2r azla 01+06 0.001692 0.000060 43

p2r azla 02+07 0.002883 0.000085 61

p2r azla 03+08 0.004217 0.000043 31

r2r azla 01 0.004383 0.000044 16

r2r azla 02 0.003408 0.000025 9

r2r azla 03 0.004492 0.000017 6

r2r azla 06 0.004792 0.000025 9

r2r azla 07 0.003925 0.000017 6

r2r azla 08 0.004908 0.000036 13

r2r azla 01+06 0.001142 0.000035 25

r2r azla 02+07 0.000900 0.000021 15

r2r azla 03+08 0.001192 0.000026 19

Table 3A-3: EER and FTE table
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-10

Matchin

g Type Dataset Finger position

FNMR1@ 

FMR=

0.0001

95% 

Confidenc

e Interval 

of FNMR

FMR1 

@ 

FNMR=

0.002

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FMR1

FMR2@ 

FNMR=

0.005

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FMR2

p2p poebva 02 0.00990 ± 0.00056 0.11311 ± 0.001792 0.00223 ± 0.00026

p2p poebva 07 0.02169 ± 0.00082 0.48013 ± 0.002827 0.06956 ± 0.00143

p2p poebva 02+07 0.00166 ± 0.00023 0.00005 ± 0.000040 NA NA

p2p dhs2 02 0.04423 ± 0.00116 0.91418 ± 0.001585 0.48573 ± 0.00282

p2p dhs2 07 0.04291 ± 0.00114 0.86804 ± 0.001915 0.44215 ± 0.00281

p2p dhs2 02+07 0.01724 ± 0.00073 0.63236 ± 0.002728 0.05437 ± 0.00128

p2p azla 01 0.00949 ± 0.00055 0.09919 ± 0.001691 0.00358 ± 0.00033

p2p azla 02 0.01988 ± 0.00079 0.25391 ± 0.002463 0.07011 ± 0.00144

p2p azla 03 0.02279 ± 0.00084 0.61973 ± 0.002747 0.29634 ± 0.00258

p2p azla 06 0.01006 ± 0.00057 0.17562 ± 0.002153 0.00609 ± 0.00044

p2p azla 07 0.02389 ± 0.00086 0.37041 ± 0.002732 0.12421 ± 0.00186

p2p azla 08 0.02598 ± 0.00090 0.67012 ± 0.002660 0.37803 ± 0.00274

p2p azla 01+06 0.00212 ± 0.00026 0.00015 ± 0.000069 NA NA

p2p azla 02+07 0.00492 ± 0.00039 0.04072 ± 0.001118 0.00008 ± 0.00005

p2p azla 03+08 0.00702 ± 0.00047 0.19277 ± 0.002232 0.00249 ± 0.00028

p2r azla 01 0.01230 ± 0.00062 0.13738 ± 0.001948 0.00938 ± 0.00054

p2r azla 02 0.01943 ± 0.00078 0.24173 ± 0.002422 0.06132 ± 0.00135

p2r azla 03 0.02416 ± 0.00086 0.56248 ± 0.002807 0.19503 ± 0.00224

p2r azla 06 0.01530 ± 0.00069 0.22917 ± 0.002378 0.01454 ± 0.00067

p2r azla 07 0.02517 ± 0.00088 0.34352 ± 0.002687 0.09553 ± 0.00166

p2r azla 08 0.02548 ± 0.00089 0.62488 ± 0.002739 0.25751 ± 0.00247

p2r azla 01+06 0.00270 ± 0.00029 0.00091 ± 0.00017 NA NA

p2r azla 02+07 0.00556 ± 0.00042 0.01308 ± 0.000643 0.00015 ± 0.00006

p2r azla 03+08 0.00721 ± 0.00047 0.10863 ± 0.001761 0.00118 ± 0.00019

r2r azla 01 0.00913 ± 0.00053 0.06248 ± 0.001369 0.00243 ± 0.00027

r2r azla 02 0.00696 ± 0.00047 0.02506 ± 0.000884 0.00068 ± 0.00014

r2r azla 03 0.00844 ± 0.00051 0.07416 ± 0.001483 0.00258 ± 0.00028

r2r azla 06 0.01226 ± 0.00062 0.07707 ± 0.001509 0.00410 ± 0.00036

r2r azla 07 0.00829 ± 0.00051 0.05535 ± 0.001294 0.00126 ± 0.00020

r2r azla 08 0.01092 ± 0.00058 0.08035 ± 0.001538 0.00452 ± 0.00037

r2r azla 01+06 0.00156 ± 0.00022 0.00003 ± 0.000028 NA NA

r2r azla 02+07 0.00128 ± 0.00020 NA NA NA NA

r2r azla 03+08 0.00168 ± 0.00023 0.00004 ± 0.000037 NA NA

Table 3A-4: FNMR@FMR=0.0001, FMRs@FNMR = {.002, 0.005} and 95% 

Confidence Intervals

Note: NA – The number couldn’t be reliably measured with the current sample size of 120,000.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-11

II. Matcher 3B

 

Dataset AZ AZ LA LA DHS2 DHS2 POEBVA POEBVA

Type Gallery Probe Gallery Probe Gallery Probe Gallery Probe

Width x Height

(pixels)

800x800 800x800 412x1000 400x776 368x368 368x368 500x500 368x368

Maximum 9018 9324 5360 6529 2782 2872 3339 2830

75% 5458 5477 3333 3569 1743 1769 2003 1562

Median 4633 4666 2914 3072 1492 1507 1742 1284

25% 3941 3973 2452 2584 1225 1237 1475 1052

Minimum 1072 1946 233 191 240 191 326 241

Table 3B-1: Template Size (Byte)

 Figure 3B-1: 1K Sample Template Size Distribution
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-12

Enrollment Time (second) Comparison Time (second)

Dataset AZ LA DHS2 POEBVA Dataset AZ LA DHS2 POEBVA

Maximum 5.9013 3.7762 1.2305 1.8059 Maximum 0.06350 0.04454 0.0174 0.0126

75% 3.4654 3.0734 1.0557 1.1325 75% 0.00885 0.00451 0.0025 0.0017

Median 3.0539 2.4603 1.0260 0.9923 Median 0.00511 0.00273 0.0014 0.0012

25% 2.7068 2.2169 0.9924 0.8975 25% 0.00389 0.00209 0.0010 0.0009

Minimum 0.8461 0.0056 0.0027 0.5310 Minimum 0.00104 0.00035 0.0002 0.0001

Table 3B-2: Enrollment and Comparison Time (second)

Figure 3B-2: 1K Sample Enrollment and Comparison Time
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-13

Figure 3B-3: DET for ALL Datasets (P2P)
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-14

Figure 3B-4: DET for dataset AZLA

Note: p2p - plain vs. plain; p2r - plain vs. rolled; r2r – rolled vs. rolled.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-15

 Figure 3B-5: EER and FTE

Note: NA - Could not obtain EER due to the minimum of FNMR is greater than the maximum of 

FMR (Figure 3B - 4).
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-16

 Figure 3B-6: FNMRs @ FMR = .0001 and 95% Confidence Intervals
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-17

 Figure 3B-7: FMRs @ FNMR = {.002, 0.005} and 95% Confidence Intervals

Note: NA – The number couldn’t be reliably measured with the current sample size of 120,000.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-18

Comparison 

Type Dataset Finger Position EER FTE Rate FTE count

p2p poebva 02 0.004292 0.000003 1

p2p poebva 07 0.008225 0.000000 0

p2p poebva 02+07 0.001042 0.000001 1

p2p dhs2 02 NA 0.00212 762**

p2p dhs2 07 NA 0.00146 524**

p2p dhs2 02+07 0.0116 0.00179 1286**

p2p azla 01 NA* 0.00011 40

p2p azla 02 NA 0.00001 5

p2p azla 03 NA 0.00000 0

p2p azla 06 NA 0.00007 26

p2p azla 07 NA 0.00001 2

p2p azla 08 NA 0.00001 4

p2p azla 01+06 0.0013 0.00009 66

p2p azla 02+07 0.0044 0.00001 7

p2p azla 03+08 0.0052 0.00001 4

p2r azla 01 NA 0.00010 35

p2r azla 02 NA 0.00003 9

p2r azla 03 NA 0.00001 5

p2r azla 06 NA 0.00004 16

p2r azla 07 NA 0.00002 7

p2r azla 08 NA 0.00003 9

p2r azla 01+06 NA 0.00007 51

p2r azla 02+07 0.0042 0.00002 16

p2r azla 03+08 0.0044 0.00002 14

r2r azla 01 NA 0.00007 26

r2r azla 02 NA 0.00004 13

r2r azla 03 NA 0.00003 11

r2r azla 06 NA 0.00003 11

r2r azla 07 NA 0.00002 7

r2r azla 08 NA 0.00004 14

r2r azla 01+06 0.0009 0.00005 37

r2r azla 02+07 0.0012 0.00003 20

r2r azla 03+08 0.0012 0.00004 25

Table 3B-3: EER and FTE table

Note: * NA Could not obtain EER due to the minimal FNMR is greater than the maximal of 

FMR (Fig 4). 

 ** Could not enroll when the images were very low contrast.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-19

Matching 

Type Dataset Finger position

FNMR@ 

FMR=

0.0001

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FNMR

FMR1 @ 

FNMR=

0.002

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FMR1

FMR2 @ 

FNMR=

0.005

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FMR2

p2p poebva 02 0.016200 ±0.00071 0.0040 ±0.00036 0.0040 ±0.00036

p2p poebva 07 0.031792 ±0.00099 0.0042 ±0.00037 0.0042 ±0.00037

p2p poebva 02+07 0.003242 ±0.00032 0.00001 ±0.00002 0.00001 ±0.00002

p2p dhs2 02 0.055367 ±0.00129 0.0074 ±0.00048 0.0074 ±0.00048

p2p dhs2 07 0.052192 ±0.00126 0.0077 ±0.00050 0.0077 ±0.00050

p2p dhs2 02+07 0.019608 ±0.00078 0.0149 ±0.00069 0.0149 ±0.00069

p2p azla 01 0.009758 ±0.00056 0.0010 ±0.00018 0.0010 ±0.00018

p2p azla 02 0.033075 ±0.00101 0.0061 ±0.00044 0.0061 ±0.00044

p2p azla 03 0.029892 ±0.00096 0.0074 ±0.00048 0.0074 ±0.00048

p2p azla 06 0.007050 ±0.00047 0.0015 ±0.00022 0.0015 ±0.00022

p2p azla 07 0.034992 ±0.00104 0.0058 ±0.00043 0.0058 ±0.00043

p2p azla 08 0.028517 ±0.00094 0.0071 ±0.00048 0.0071 ±0.00048

p2p azla 01+06 0.001883 ±0.00025 NA NA NA NA

p2p azla 02+07 0.008875 ±0.00053 0.0028 ±0.00030 0.0028 ±0.00030

p2p azla 03+08 0.009100 ±0.00054 0.0066 ±0.00046 0.0066 ±0.00046

p2r azla 01 0.009542 ±0.00055 0.0006 ±0.00014 0.0006 ±0.00014

p2r azla 02 0.030008 ±0.00097 0.0034 ±0.00033 0.0034 ±0.00033

p2r azla 03 0.022858 ±0.00085 0.0034 ±0.00033 0.0034 ±0.00033

p2r azla 06 0.008625 ±0.00052 0.0009 ±0.00017 0.0009 ±0.00017

p2r azla 07 0.029250 ±0.00095 0.0033 ±0.00033 0.0033 ±0.00033

p2r azla 08 0.023417 ±0.00086 0.0033 ±0.00032 0.0033 ±0.00032

p2r azla 01+06 0.002300 ±0.00027 NA NA NA NA

p2r azla 02+07 0.008517 ±0.00052 0.0018 ±0.00024 0.0018 ±0.00024

p2r azla 03+08 0.007383 ±0.00048 0.0020 ±0.00026 0.0020 ±0.00026

r2r azla 01 0.005650 ±0.00042 0.0002 ±0.00007 0.0002 ±0.00007

r2r azla 02 0.006633 ±0.00046 0.0007 ±0.00015 0.0007 ±0.00015

r2r azla 03 0.005442 ±0.00042 0.0003 ±0.00010 0.0003 ±0.00010

r2r azla 06 0.0046 ±0.00038 0.0001 ±0.00004 0.0001 ±0.00004

r2r azla 07 0.007150 ±0.00048 0.0006 ±0.00014 0.0006 ±0.00014

r2r azla 08 0.006175 ±0.00044 0.0009 ±0.00017 0.0009 ±0.00017

r2r azla 01+06 0.001250 ±0.00020 NA NA NA NA

r2r azla 02+07 0.001658 ±0.00023 NA NA NA NA

r2r azla 03+08 0.001508 ±0.00022 NA NA NA NA

Table 3B-4: FNMR@ FMR=0.0001, FMRs@ FNMR = {.002, 0.005} and 95% Confidence 

Intervals

Note: NA – The number couldn’t be reliably measured with the current sample size of 120,000.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-20

III Matcher 3C

 

Dataset AZ AZ LA LA DHS2 DHS2 POEBVA POEBVA

Type Gallery Probe Gallery Probe Gallery Probe Gallery Probe

WidthxHeight

(pixels)

800x800 800x800 412x1000 400x776 368x368 368x368 500x500 368x368

Maximum 4336 4336 4336 3728 2212 1996 2292 1584

75% 3740 3740 2506 2544 1280 1272 1368 1196

Median 3334 3330 2184 2250 1156 1152 1192 1088

25% 2932 2872 1938 1980 1036 1020 1048 988

Minimum 780 1472 32 32 32 32 628 404

 Table 3C-1: Template Size (Byte)

Figure 3C-1: 1K Sample Template Size Distribution
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-21

Enrollment Time (second) Comparison Time (second)

Dataset AZ LA DHS2 POEBVA Dataset AZ LA DHS2 POEBVA

Maximum 3.3429 2.8403 1.3596 1.3840 Maximum 0.7627 0.7373 0.7415 0.9595

75% 1.7416 1.1718 0.5060 0.5542 75% 0.0388 0.0364 0.0103 0.0087

Median 1.4869 1.0129 0.4444 0.4673 Median 0.0344 0.0299 0.0070 0.0059

25% 1.2677 0.8824 0.3930 0.4064 25% 0.0305 0.0235 0.0045 0.0041

Minimum 0.4188 0.0195 0.0076 0.1833 Minimum 0.0078 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009

Table 3C-2: Enrollment and Comparison Time (second)

Figure 3C-2: 1K Sample Enrollment and Comparison Time
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-22

Figure 3C-3: DET for ALL Datasets (P2P)
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-23

Figure 3C-4: DET for dataset AZLA

Note: p2p - plain vs. plain; p2r - plain vs. rolled; r2r – rolled vs. rolled.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-24

 

 Figure 3C-5: EER and FTE

 Note: EER table is not presented in Figure 5 due to all the EER = 0.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-25

 Figure 3C-3: FNMRs @ FMR = .0001 and 95% Confidence Intervals
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-26

 Figure 3C-7: FMRs @ FNMR = (.002, 0.005) and 95% Confidence Intervals

Note: NA – The number couldn’t be reliably measured with the current sample size of 120,000.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-27

Comparison 

Type Dataset Finger Position EER FTE Rate FTE count

p2p poebva 02 0.0073 0 0

p2p poebva 07 0.0138 0 0

p2p poebva 02+07 0.0017 0 0

p2p dhs2 02 0.0669 0 0

p2p dhs2 07 0.0578 0 0

p2p dhs2 02+07 0.0349 0 0

p2p azla 01 0.0090 0 0

p2p azla 02 0.0123 0 0

p2p azla 03 0.0150 0 0

p2p azla 06 0.0099 0 0

p2p azla 07 0.0151 0 0

p2p azla 08 0.0188 0 0

p2p azla 01+06 0.0023 0 0

p2p azla 02+07 0.0029 0 0

p2p azla 03+08 0.0048 0 0

p2r azla 01 0.0124 0 0

p2r azla 02 0.0167 0 0

p2r azla 03 0.0188 0 0

p2r azla 06 0.0153 0 0

p2r azla 07 0.0190 0 0

p2r azla 08 0.0230 0 0

p2r azla 01+06 0.0038 0 0

p2r azla 02+07 0.0047 0 0

p2r azla 03+08 0.0064 0 0

r2r azla 01 0.0138 0 0

r2r azla 02 0.0118 0 0

r2r azla 03 0.0122 0 0

r2r azla 06 0.0159 0 0

r2r azla 07 0.0126 0 0

r2r azla 08 0.0135 0 0

r2r azla 01+06 0.0051 0 0

r2r azla 02+07 0.0037 0 0

r2r azla 03+08 0.0044 0 0

Table 3C-3: EER, FTE and FTE Count

Note: All the FET count are 0s, Hence FTE = 0
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-28

Matching 

Type Dataset Finger position

FNMR@ 

FMR=

0.0001

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FNMR

FMR1 @ 

FNMR=

0.002

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FMR1

FMR2 @ 

FNMR=

0.005

95% 

Confidence 

Interval of 

FMR2

p2p poebva 02 0.0185 ±0.00076 0.1052 ±0.00174 0.0308 ±0.00098

p2p poebva 07 0.0321 ±0.00100 0.1195 ±0.00184 0.1195 ±0.00184

p2p poebva 02+07 0.0036 ±0.00034 0.0010 ±0.00018 NA NA

p2p dhs2 02 0.1098 ±0.00177 0.0861 ±0.00159 0.0861 ±0.00159

p2p dhs2 07 0.0993 ±0.00169 0.0967 ±0.00167 0.0967 ±0.00167

p2p dhs2 02+07 0.0507 ±0.00124 0.1682 ±0.00212 0.1682 ±0.00212

p2p azla 01 0.0177 ±0.00075 0.1472 ±0.00201 0.1472 ±0.00201

p2p azla 02 0.0273 ±0.00092 0.0943 ±0.00165 0.0943 ±0.00165

p2p azla 03 0.0286 ±0.00094 0.1577 ±0.00206 0.1577 ±0.00206

p2p azla 06 0.0214 ±0.00082 0.1866 ±0.00220 0.1564 ±0.00206

p2p azla 07 0.0333 ±0.00102 0.1005 ±0.00170 0.1005 ±0.00170

p2p azla 08 0.0373 ±0.00107 0.1651 ±0.00210 0.1651 ±0.00210

p2p azla 01+06 0.0041 ±0.00036 0.0044 ±0.00038 NA NA

p2p azla 02+07 0.0064 ±0.00045 0.0114 ±0.00060 0.0002 ±0.00009

p2p azla 03+08 0.0093 ±0.00054 0.2819 ±0.00255 0.0036 ±0.00034

p2r azla 01 0.0278 ±0.00093 0.2070 ±0.00229 0.2070 ±0.00229

p2r azla 02 0.0402 ±0.00111 0.0891 ±0.00161 0.0891 ±0.00161

p2r azla 03 0.0434 ±0.00115 0.1625 ±0.00209 0.1625 ±0.00209

p2r azla 06 0.0362 ±0.00106 0.2600 ±0.00248 0.2600 ±0.00248

p2r azla 07 0.0424 ±0.00114 0.0998 ±0.00170 0.0998 ±0.00170

p2r azla 08 0.0508 ±0.00124 0.1683 ±0.00212 0.1683 ±0.00212

p2r azla 01+06 0.0080 ±0.00051 0.0409 ±0.00112 0.0013 ±0.00020

p2r azla 02+07 0.0110 ±0.00059 0.0811 ±0.00154 0.0039 ±0.00035

p2r azla 03+08 0.0151 ±0.00069 0.2878 ±0.00256 0.0188 ±0.00077

r2r azla 01 0.0301 ±0.00097 0.4389 ±0.00281 0.4389 ±0.00281

r2r azla 02 0.0266 ±0.00091 0.2172 ±0.00233 0.2172 ±0.00233

r2r azla 03 0.0260 ±0.00090 0.3620 ±0.00272 0.3115 ±0.00262

r2r azla 06 0.0383 ±0.00109 0.5167 ±0.00283 0.5167 ±0.00283

r2r azla 07 0.0317 ±0.00099 0.2449 ±0.00243 0.2449 ±0.00243

r2r azla 08 0.0299 ±0.00096 0.3808 ±0.00275 0.3808 ±0.00275

r2r azla 01+06 0.0104 ±0.00057 0.0918 ±0.00163 0.0054 ±0.00042

r2r azla 02+07 0.0079 ±0.00050 0.0213 ±0.00082 0.0013 ±0.00021

r2r azla 03+08 0.0088 ±0.00053 0.0481 ±0.00121 0.0026 ±0.00029

Table 3C-4: FMRs @ FNMR = {.002, 0.005} and 95% Confidence Intervals

Note: NA – The number couldn’t be reliably measured with the current sample size of 120,000.
3A = Avalon Biometrics S.L. 3B = ID Solutions, Inc. 3C = Patrima Technology Company

A-29

8. Appendix - B 

Plain vs. Plain FNMR

SDK Dataset FMR = 0.0001 FMR = 0.001

02 07 02+07 02 07 02+07

3A dhs2 0.0434 0.0430 0.0166 0.0304 0.0310 0.0130

3B dhs2 0.0600 0.0516 0.0195 0.0445 0.0388 0.0168

3C dhs2 0.1089 0.1041 0.0508 0.0914 0.0833 0.0448

3A poebva 0.0117 0.0215 0.0012 0.0054 0.0104 0.0006

3B poebva 0.0140 0.0267 0.0025 0.0096 0.0185 0.0017

3C poebva 0.0167 0.0293 0.0032 0.0107 0.0204 0.0016

Table 1: FNMR at FMR = {0.0001, 0.001}

Figure 9: FNMR vs. FMR from DHS2 and POEBVA of PFT sample for Plain vs. Plain 

Comparison by Right index, Left index, and two index fingers fusion.