A Mineralized Breccia Pipe in 

Mohawk Canyon, Arizona 

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs

u.s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1683-A

Chapter A

A Mineralized Breccia Pipe in 

Mohawk Canyon, Arizona 

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs

By KAREN J. WENRICH, BRADLEY S. VAN GOSEN, 

RICHARD A. BALCER, JAMES H. SCOTT, 

JOSEPH F. MASCARENAS, GEORGE M. BEDINGER, and 

BETSI BURMASTER

This research was funded by the 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 

in cooperation with the 

Hualapai Indian Tribe

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1683 

BRECCIA PIPES IN NORTHERN ARIZONA
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1988

For sale by the Branch of Distribution 

Books and Open-File Reports Section 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Center 

Box 25425 

Denver, CO 80225

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A Mineralized breccia pipe in Mohawk Canyon, Arizona lithologic and 

geophysical logs.

(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1683A)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.3:1683-A

1. Intrusions (Geology) Arizona Mohawk Canyon. 2. Breccia 

Arizona Mohawk Canyon. 3. Ore-deposits Arizona Mohawk 

Canyon. 4. Geology Arizona Mohawk Canyon. I. Wenrich-Verbeek, 

Karen J. II. Series: Geological Survey bulletin ; 1683A. 

QE75.B9 no. 1683A 557.3s 86-600178 

[QE611.6.U6] [551.8'8]
CONTENTS

Abstract 1

Introduction 1

Acknowledgments 5

Pipes on the Hualapai Indian Reservation

Mohawk Canyon pipe 7

Physiography and geology 7

Geochemistry of surface samples 8

Soil sampling survey 9 

Drilling results 9

Lithologic logs 11

Geophysical logs 13

Geochemistry 15 

Conclusions 15 

References cited 15 

Appendixes 1-5 25

FIGURES

1. Stratigraphic column showing rock units found in and near the Grand 

Canyon of Arizona 2

2. Index maps of northern Arizona 3

3. Map of breccia pipes on the Hualapai Reservation 4

4. Glassy organic material 5

5. Photo of Mohawk Canyon pipe 6

6. Photo of Mohawk Canyon 7

7. Location map for Mohawk Canyon pipe 8

8. Geologic map of the Mohawk Canyon pipe 10

9. Photo of two adits driven into the Mohawk Canyon pipe 12

10. Geochemistry plots for a soil sampling survey 16

11. Photo of a cliff of Harrisburg Gypsiferous Member 18

12. Photo of breccia in drill hole 5 19

13. Photo of liesegang banding in drill hole 5 20

14. Cross section of the Mohawk Canyon pipe 21

15. Gamma-ray log of hole 2R from 900 to 1300 ft 22

16. Gamma-ray logs contaminated and uncontaminated 23

TABLES

1. Geochemistry of surface samples collected from Mohawk Canyon pipe 13

2. Geochemistry of soil samples collected from Mohawk Canyon pipe 14

Contents III

A Mineralized Breccia Pipe in Mohawk Canyon, Arizona 

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs

By Karen J. Wenrich, Bradley S. Van Gosen, Richard A. Balcer, James H. Scott, 

Joseph F. Mascarenas, George M. Bedinger, and Betsi Burmaster

Abstract

Hundreds of solution-collapse breccia pipes crop out in 

the canyons and on the plateaus of northern Arizona. The pipes 

originated in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone and stoped 

their way upward through the upper Paleozoic strata, locally 

extending into the Triassic Moenkopi and Chinle Formations. 

High-grade U ore, associated with potentially economic concentrations of Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, and Ni in some of these pipes, 

has stimulated mining activity in northern Arizona despite the 

depressed market for most of these elements.

More than 900 confirmed and suspected breccia pipes 

have been mapped during the past 6 years as a part of this 

study. Many exploration criteria for detecting mineralized breccia pipes were developed during the mapping. One pipe 

discovered on the west side of Mohawk Canyon in 1983 was 

selected for exploratory drilling in 1984 because it exhibited 

the following exploration criteria:

1. Concentrically inward-dipping strata

2. Erosion along an encircling ring

3. Anomalous radioactivity

4. Goethite pseudomorphs and molds of pyrite

5. Colloform celadonite-stained chalcedony

6. Supergene Cu mineralization

7. Breccia

8. Anomalous concentrations in surface exposure of 

such trace elements as Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, 

Ni, Pb, Se, U, V, and Zn

Five rotary and core holes were drilled into this pipe. Drilling problems such as lost circulation, lost casing into 30-ft-high 

caverns within the breccia, and great water consumption 

limited the drilling results. Core recovered from holes in the 

center of the pipe shows breccia to the total depth of 1,010 ft, 

abundant pyrite, and minor galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, 

and brovoite. Gamma logs of a rotary hole penetrating to 

1,335 ft (no cuttings were obtained below 1,000ft) show a 1-ft 

interval of 0.52 percent eU3O8 at a depth of 1,191 ft, and a 

20-ft zone averaging 0.04 percent eU3O8; this is at the same 

stratigraphic level as the tops of orebodies in mines located 

on similar plateaus capped with the Permian Harrisburg Gypsiferous Member of the Kaibab Limestone. Sufficient mineralization, specifically the presence of Pb, Zn, and Ni minerals 

common to breccia pipes hosting economic mineralization, was 

verified in the Mohawk Canyon pipe that further drilling is warranted to assess its economic potential.

INTRODUCTION

The Colorado Plateau of northern Arizona is host 

to hundreds of breccia pipes. Despite the depressed 

uranium market, exploration activity for mineralized 

breccia pipes in north-central and northwestern Arizona 

has remained high.

These are not classic breccia pipes in that there are 

no volcanic rock associations in time or space; instead, 

they are a result of solution collapse within the Redwall 

Limestone and stoping of the overlying strata. The pipes 

and associated mineralization transgress formation 

boundaries from the Mississippian Redwall Limestone to 

the Triassic Chinle Formation (fig. 1). No pipes have been 

observed during this study (nor during studies by Huntoon, Billingsley, and Clark (1981, 1982) and Billingsley 

and Huntoon (1983)) to occur in rock below the base of 

the Thunder Springs Member of the Redwall Limestone. 

The solution collapse produced extensive brecciation of 

the rock within the steep walls of the pipe. No rocks from 

underlying formations have been observed in any pipe; 

all material has been dropped downward into the pipe. 

As a result of the collapse, brecciated rock is surrounded 

by a steeply dipping (commonly near vertical) ring fracture that separates the breccia from the flat-lying wall 

rock.

Mining activity in breccia pipes of the Grand Canyon region began during the 19th century when essentially 

all ore produced was for copper. It was not until the 

1950's that these mines were first recognized to contain 

uranium-mineralized rock. Metals produced from one or 

more pipes during the past century include Cu, U, Ag, 

Au, Pb, and Zn (Foord and others, 1978). Uranium ore 

from mines within these pipes is exceptionally high grade; 

450,000 tons of ore from the Orphan Mine averaged between 0.30 and 0.60 percent U3O8 (Pierce and others, 

1970). Other mined breccia pipes have, or had, uranium 

grade and tonnage similar to the Orphan Mine. These 

mines are presently being operated essentially for their 

uranium content (uraninite is the ore mineral), although 

perhaps silver could be extracted as a byproduct; the Orphan mine produced 81,000 oz of Ag from 1963 through

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A1
TRIASSIC

PERMIAN k 

PENNSYLVANIA

<(

^C

< m \

SCO

CO 1 00 V

- Petrified Forest Member and 

"jr sandstone and mudstone - .*-

Sr^t^^o: members ^ig^l^p:^

O c/'o Shinarump Member * o oO

:;-;^j; V Moehkopi Formation '

:*:S£ ?*-S/S-^^^ffisS:% ^ :':.: ;y.- :''

I.,.,,, Kflihah i imeetnno f i

1 1 1

 1 \ ......... . ..<

i i i i

1 j_. i l I

' i 'Toroweap FQrmationi T

 : Cocoriiho JSandstone . ' .

^r^nrrj Hermit Shale runrmr^:

?:v0 Esplanade Sandstone '^fy

 ' "- .' ' '. ".' : .- '.'. . :v-1 ':':' i-'-'v';' : ' ' ' ' '. '-v . ' ': ^'. '. ' . ': ): ;:-'-:v-: ' >'.- ' /. . '' " :-.'-;.-.

l^^^^^S^^^SS* *W% WS;

:^V^«Sj<>Wef jgt% v:;:;;^;*;

 " ;--: ^ .' ^'. ^ (±-.

I i I

. 1 . 1__

i i

I I I

I ' Redwa 

 i i 1_

'."; - ..'.. ."!.. .... . ...! . ; . . ...... ' . .>' : " . . '

f )\ ; I ; i

WE1? ' . ' . '

1 1 1 1

an Limestone | \

I I i 1

Thickness Range 

5 in Feet 

r - 

|| 600-1000

£ 0^80 

400-1200

250-500 

250-300 

0-650

50-1400

u 200-400

3 

O

O 

- 600-700

CD

a

3 

COJ

550-700

Figure 1. Stratigraphic column showing rock units found in and near the Grand Canyon of Arizona. The thicknesses shown 

for each unit are those which occur over the area shown in figure 2 (thickness measurements from George H. Billingsley, 

personal communication).

1966 (USGS file material). Analyses of uraniummineralized rock from breccia pipes throughout the 

Grand Canyon region routinely yield silver concentrations 

of 10 to 100 ppm, with samples containing as much as 

1,150 ppm (35 oz/ton) (Wenrich, 1985). Minerals common in the unoxidized rock from these pipes are pyrite, 

marcasite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, enargite, 

tetrahedrite-tennantite, millerite, gersdorffite, barite, and 

calcite.

The breccia pipes extend across northern Arizona 

to the Utah border and south to the Mogollon Rim, the 

southern margin of the Colorado Plateau. They are abundant from the edge of the Grand Wash Cliffs (the western 

margin of the Colorado Plateau), across the Hualapai Indian Reservation (which includes Mohawk Canyon), and 

eastward across the Coconino Plateau to the Marble

Plateau of the Navajo Reservation (fig. 2). No pipes are 

known east of the Echo Cliffs. Perhaps the area best 

known for breccia pipes is the Arizona Strip extending 

from the Grand Canyon north to the Utah border. The 

flurry of mining ventures during the past 6 years, including the Hack Canyon mines and the Pigeon Mine, 

has brought prominence to the Arizona Strip. The pipes 

likely exist along the southern margin of the Colorado 

Plateau but for the most part are buried beneath the lavas 

of the San Francisco volcanic field.

Dissolution of the Redwall Limestone began during the Mississippian, creating an extensive karst terrain; 

the Pennsylvanian Supai Group was deposited into many 

of these karst features. The breccia pipes include strata 

up through the Triassic Chinle Formation, but no pipes 

have been observed to extend into rocks younger than

A2 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
UTAH

Kaibab 

Plateau Marble Plateau 

\

Ridenour 

Mine

Cameron

Riverview Mine

Coconmo

ualapai Plateau

Reservation Hualapai 

Plateau

BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE

1 14

Figure 2. Index map of northern Arizona showing the location of plateaus, Hualapai Reservation, breccia pipes developed 

into mines, and the San Francisco volcanic field (shaded area) which buries terrane with high potential for breccia pipes.

the Chinle Formation. Thus, it is probably safe to assume 

that the karst development in the Red wall, and hence 

breccia pipe formation, continued until, or at least reactivated, in the Triassic. A minimum age of 141 million 

years (m.y.) was determined for uraninite from the Orphan Mine by U/Pb dating (Gornitz and Kerr, 1970). 

Preliminary U-Pb isotope data for uraninite from the 

Hack breccia pipes suggest a main period of mineralization roughly 200 m.y. ago (Ludwig, K. R., 1983, oral 

commun.). Such an age is in good agreement with the 

break in observed mineralized rock between the Triassic 

and Jurassic; that is, there are known pipes with Triassic 

strata but none with Jurassic or younger rock.

The geological and geochemical controls on the 

mineralization of these breccia pipes are poorly 

understood at present. A more detailed discussion of the 

mineralogy and geochemistry of breccia pipes in northern 

Arizona is provided by Wenrich (1985). There is strong 

evidence that the pipe location is structurally controlled 

on the Marble Plateau (Sutphin and others, 1983; Sutphin and Wenrich, 1983). It is also known that the pipes 

occur in clusters (fig. 3 and Sutphin and Wenrich, 1983). 

This occurence would be expected for karst-formed breccia pipes exposed above underlying cave systems; where

there is no cave, there are no pipes. In addition, mineralized pipes occur in clusters (see the Bat Cave area of fig. 

3). This clustering of mineralized pipes is especially obvious in the area of Hack Canyon where the Hack I, II, 

III, and old Hack Canyon Mines (four separate pipes) 

all occur within 1 mi2 (3 sq km) of each other. This suggests that the mineralizing fluids used a hydrologic system 

that connected multiple pipes and moved through those 

pipes connected by the same cavern. Each mineralized 

cluster of pipes probably represents one Redwall Limestone cave system.

An extensive suite of elements is anomalously concentrated in mineralized rock within breccia pipes 

throughout northern Arizona. This association is 

remarkably consistent from pipe to pipe: Ag, As, Ba, Cd, 

Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, U, V, Zn, 

and, less commonly, the rare-earth elements. In addition 

to this suite of elements, a black, glassy bitumen material 

is found associated with the brecciated rock in many of 

the mineralized pipes, including the Mohawk Canyon 

pipe discussed in this report. This material appears to 

have solidified after such minerals as pyrite, barite, 

and quartz, which are included as blebs and veins 

within the pyrobitumen. Samples from the breccia pipes

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A3
114C 00' 45'

R5W R6W R7W R8W R9W R10W R11W R12W

EXPLANATION 

Mapped by G.H. Billingsley

Mapped during this study 

Mineralized pipe

Area outlined in black (shown with a tree 

symbol in the center) on east side of map 

is densely tree covered, preventing recognition of most pipes. The Mohawk 

Canyon pipe is marked by the arrow in 

the northeast part of the map.

R13W R14W R15W R16W

20 MILES

20 KILOMETERS

A4 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
containing pyrite and bitumen are visually indistinguishable (fig. 44) from samples collected from Mississippi 

Valley deposits (fig. 4B).

Primary and secondary fluid inclusions in sphalerite, quartz, calcite, and dolomite yield filling temperatures 

in the range of 80-173 °C. Salinities in sphalerite are consistently above 10 wt. percent NaCl equivalent. Secondary 

inclusions in sphalerite range from 86 to 173 °C, while the 

few positively identified primary inclusions tend to be 

lower temperature, ranging from 80 to 105 °C. Primary 

inclusions in dolomite range from 105 to 161 °C with high 

salinities consistently greater than 17 wt. percent NaCl 

equivalent. Two groups of primary inclusions in quartz 

were found in a silicified breccia spire. One group ranged 

from 91 to 107 °C and the other from 256 to 317 °C. These 

fluid inclusion-filling temperatures and salinities are in 

agreement with those of 80-137 °C found in sphalerite 

from Mississippi Valley-type deposits (Hagni, 1983). 

Although this suggests a moderately low temperature fluid 

for the genesis of minerals such as sphalerite and galena 

and the Co and Ni phases, it does not preclude the 

uraninite coming from a later different mineralizing fluid, 

as there are no known uranium occurrences in Mississippi Valley deposits (D. L. Leach, personal commun., 1985).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to thank George H. Billingsley 

(USGS), Russell L. Wheeler (USGS), and Earl R. Verbeek 

(USGS) for valuable criticisms concerning the manuscript. 

George Billingsley provided continual stratigraphic consulting throughout the duration of the project. James 

Rasmussen, Energy Fuels Nuclear, provided invaluable 

drilling advice during preparation of the drilling contract 

and throughout the drilling operation. Both George and 

Jim contributed significantly to the success of the drilling operation.

PIPES ON THE

HUALAPAI INDIAN RESERVATION

The Hualapai Indian Reservation is situated on the 

southwestern corner of the Colorado Plateau (fig. 2). The 

western half of the reservation is located on the Hualapai 

Plateau capped by the Redwall Limestone. This location 

provides no more than 500 ft (175 m) of possible rock (vertically) to host an orebody, and in general the Redwall 

Limestone is not as favorable a host for uranium 

mineralization as are the overlying sandstones. Thus, this 

area is not considered favorable for economic breccia pipes

Figure 4. Glassy organic material (bitumen) collected from (A) 

breccia pipes in northern Arizona looks similar to that collected 

from (6) Mississippi Valley-type deposits (specimen of D. L. 

Leach).

Figure 3 (facing page). Over 700 confirmed and suspected breccia pipes have been mapped on the Hualapai Reservation during the past 3 years. The western side has sparse vegetation which is reflected in the greater density of collapses. This area provides an example of the solution-collapse density when detailed mapping is completed. Mapped by G. H. Billingsley. 

 Mapped during this study. Mineralized pipe. Area outlined in black (shown with a tree symbol in the center) on east side 

of map is densely tree covered, preventing recognition of most pipes. The Mohawk Canyon pipe is marked by the arrow in 

the northeast part of the map.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon AS
Figure 5. Mohawk Canyon pipe (photo taken looking west from Mohawk Canyon). Note the beds of Kaibab Limestone dipping 

in toward the center from both sides and the drainage eroded along the ring fracture.

and was eliminated for potential drilling targets. In contrast, the eastern part of the reservation occupies the 

western edge of the Coconino Plateau which is capped, 

for the most part, by the Harrisburg Gypsiferous Member 

of the Kaibab Limestone. This location provides a potential column of brecciated rock in excess of 2,500 ft (800 

m) high and places the top of the mesas in the eastern 

part of the reservation at the same stratigraphic horizon 

as that above most breccia pipes hosting orebodies in 

northern Arizona.

More than 700 confirmed and suspected breccia 

pipes have been mapped on the Hualapai Reservation during the past 3 years (fig. 3). This density of collapse features is not unique to the Hualapai Reservation (the western edge of this pipe-rich region) but extends eastward 

where a similar concentration has been mapped on the 

Marble Plateau (Sutphin and Wenrich, 1983). Many exploration criteria for detecting mineralized breccia pipes 

were developed during the mapping. Mapping was begun 

on 1:24,000 color aerial photography, and then field 

checked. Many pipes exposed in the cliffs are not recognizable on the aerial photographs and are best spotted from 

a helicopter. One such pipe, discovered while mapping

from the helicopter on the west side of Mohawk Canyon 

in 1983, was selected for exploratory drilling in 1984 

because it exhibited the following exploration criteria:

1. Concentrically inward-dipping beds of Kaibab 

Limestone (fig. 5)

2. A circular erosion pattern with erosion 

preferentially occurring along an encircling ring 

fracture

3. Anomalous radioactivity: Although the maximum gamma radiation at the Mohawk Canyon pipe is only five times background, this is 

unusually high for oxidized surface exposure 

of breccia pipes

4. Goethite pseudomorphs and molds of pyrite

5. Colloform celadonite-stained chalcedony

6. Copper mineralization: expressed on surface 

exposure as the supergene minerals malachite, 

azurite, brochantite, and chrysocolla

7. Brecciated Kaibab Limestone fragments within 

a comminuted matrix

8. Anomalous concentrations in surface samples 

of such trace elements as Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, 

Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, U, V, and Zn

A6 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
MOHAWK CANYON PIPE 

Physiography and Geology

The intermittent streams of Mohawk Canyon have 

incised a canyon more than 2,000 ft (600 m) deep beneath 

the Kaibab Limestone surface (fig. 6). At least 15 breccia 

pipes (fig. 4) are exposed along the cliff walls, at least 7 

of which show some sign of surface mineralized rock. One 

of these, mapped as pipe no. 494 during this study and 

locally referred to as the Mohawk Canyon pipe, was drilled 

between July and November of 1984. Five holes were drilled 

into this pipe: two rotary drilled from top to bottom, one 

cored from top to bottom, and two rotary drilled to an 

approximate depth of 900 ft (300 m) and cored to bottom. 

The pipe is located in the SWV4 of sec. 26, T. 32 N., R. 

7 W. of the Vulcan's Throne SE IVi quadrangle, Coconino 

County, Ariz. (lat.: 36S07'30", long.: 113 W24") (fig. 7).

The pipe is exposed on two sides along the cliff of 

Mohawk Canyon and a side tributary, which provides a 

three-dimensional exposure of the upper 160 ft (50 m) of 

the pipe (fig. 5). The pipe is collared in the Harrisburg Gypsiferous Member of the Permian Kaibab Limestone (fig. 

8) approximately 2,500 ft (770 m) stratigraphically above 

the Redwall Limestone. A sheer cliff, formed by the Fossil

Mountain Member of the Kaibab Limestone 160 ft (50 m) 

below the rim of the canyon, prevents access to the formations outcropping below.

At the surface, the Mohawk Canyon pipe is approximately 400 ft (125 m) in diameter. At least three concentric ring fractures bound the pipe (fig. 8). The innermost 

ring fracture is vertical, displays the most downward 

displacement, and forms the contact between a subhorizontal to shallowly dipping central plug of strata and the 

concentrically dipping outer beds. Outward from the innermost ring fracture, adjacent concentric ring fractures display shallower dips and less downward displacement away 

from the center of the pipe. Mapping and drilling data indicate that the overall downward displacement at the center 

of the pipe is approximately 100 ft (30 m). Several nearvertical radial normal and reverse faults extend from outside into the central part of the pipe, cutting and displacing the ring fractures. These faults are later than the formation of the ring fracture and breccia pipe. Movement 

along these faults is less than that along the ring fracture.

Copper- and uranium-mineralized rock is exposed in 

outcrop along the eastern side of the pipe and occurs on, 

or immediately adjacent to, the ring fractures. Two adits 

(fig. 9) were driven into the Mohawk Canyon pipe just

Figure 6. Looking south from the Mohawk Canyon pipe at 2,000 ft of sedimentary rock exposed along the fault-controlled 

Mohawk Canyon. Edgar Walema (Hualapai Tribal Chairman) on right, Justin Powski (Hualapai Tribal councilman) on left, and 

Karen Wenrich (USCS geologist) in center.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A7
113"00'

113°02'30" R7W

Figure 7. The Mohawk Canyon pipe is located on the boundary between the Vulcan's Throne and Vulcan's Throne SE IVi' 

quadrangles (each section is 1 sq mi). The inset (smaller scale map) map is from the Grand Canyon 2° quadrangle. North is 

up. Refer back to figures 2 and 4 for smaller scale locations.

above the sheer cliff on the east side of the pipe (fig. 8). 

They are located directly on the outermost ring fracture 

and extend about 20 ft (6 m) back into the shear zone 

of the pipe. There is no known written record of this mining venture, although Herb Voight, the former Hualapai 

Tribal Planner, suggested that these might be the "lost 

turquoise mines of Mohawk Canyon" of which he had 

heard rumors. The presence of square nails used in the 

timbers suggests the mining activity probably occurred 

before the turn of the century. Samples removed from the 

adit and scattered about on the ground contain malachite, 

azurite, chrysocolla (perhaps mistaken for turquoise), 

bitumen, and minor uranium mineralization (sample

494-C-C83 location is shown in fig. 8). An exposure of 

fault gouge located due west of the adits on the next inward ring fracture yields gamma-ray counts 12 times 

background. Along this same zone are numerous cubes 

of limonite pseudomorphed after pyrite and interspersed 

with pyrite casts.

Geochemistry of Surface Samples

Surface samples taken from the Mohawk Canyon 

pipe contain an identical suite of anomalous elements 

similar to those found in mineralized breccia pipes 

throughout northern Arizona (Wenrich, 1985). Table 1

A8 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
shows 55 elements for each of three samples collected 

during 1983 when the pipe was discovered. Sample 

494-A-C83 was collected from near the center of the pipe 

on top of the plateau (near drill hole Rl on the geologic map, fig. 8). This sample is a vuggy silicified 

limestone with abundant celadonite-stained chalcedony. 

Small goethite concretions are scattered across the rock 

and the vugs are filled with quartz crystals. Although 

this is not a mineralized sample and SiO2 makes up 

over 92 percent of this sample and Fe2O3 2.7 percent, it 

does contain anomalous concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, 

Se, V, and Zn (as compared to the average value for the 

Kaibab Limestone, and especially a silicified Kaibab 

Limestone).

Sample 494-B-C83 was collected from an outcrop 

of fault gouge located due west of the adits. The sample 

is a clay rich, (as can be seen from the A12O3 content 

of 14.4 percent) finely comminuted sandstone with 

abundant goethite concretions and bands of celadonite 

(the Fe2O3 content is 15.2 percent). This outcrop was 

4 l/2 times background in gamma-ray counts (the uranium concentration is 17 ppm, which is approximately 

4 times the average U concentration for the Kaibab 

Limestone).

Sample 494-C-C83 was collected from the northernmost of the two adits. It is a very fine grained, brecciated, malachite- and azurite-encrusted sandstone. 

Gamma-ray counts from this outcrop were more than 12 

times background (the U content is 50 ppm, which is approximately 12 times the background U content for the 

Kaibab Limestone). Both samples 494-B-C83 and 

494-C-C83 have enrichment ratios of more than 10 (as 

compared to background Kaibab Limestone samples) for 

Ag (only 494-C), As, Ba, organic C (only 494-C), Cd, 

Cr, Cs (only 494-B), Cu (only 494-C), Lu, Mo (only 

494-C), Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Th (only 494-B), 

U, V, Zn, and Zr.

Soil Sampling Survey

Seven soil samples were collected from the Mohawk 

Canyon pipe just prior to drilling; the data are shown 

in table 2 and the sample locations are shown on the 

geologic map (fig. 8). The samples were collected approximately 4 in. (1.2 cm) below the surface, although there 

was considerable difficulty in acquiring a sample of soil 

as opposed to one that was predominantly chips of 

Kaibab Limestone. The samples were dry-sieved through 

80-mesh (177-/mi) stainless steel sieves to remove the large 

rock chips and organic debris. Two traverses were made 

across the pipe; unfortunately no samples were collected 

outside of the pipe, so there is no background for comparison. Figure 10 shows plots of these two traverses for 

selected elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mg, Nd, P, Y,

and Zn). Sample 494-BS is plotted at 0 ft, the center of 

the pipe, on figure 10. For some of the metallic elements, 

Co, Cu, and Fe, concentrations increase from the center 

to the outermost ring fracture, probably due to later 

remobilization by supergene fluids which migrated more 

freely along the ring fracture than in the less fractured 

center of the pipe. Elements such as Cr, La, Mg, Nd, P, 

and Y increase toward the center of the pipe. The increase in Mg over the center of the pipe is what would 

be expected considering the dolomitization that was 

observed in the drill core. Although more soil samples, 

particularly background samples, are desirable, the concentration of these elements, particularly Zn, in the soil 

above the Mohawk Canyon pipe are relatively higher than 

the background soils on this same plateau several miles 

away.

DRILLING RESULTS

Five holes were drilled into the Mohawk Canyon 

pipe (fig. 11). Their collar locations and drifts are shown 

in figure 8. Hole 1 (Rl) was rotary drilled to a total depth 

of 1,120 ft (345 m); drill cuttings were recovered from 

top to bottom. Drilling was discontinued at 1,120 ft 

(345 m) because the cuttings became oxidized and it was 

assumed that the hole had drifted out of the reduced and 

potentially mineralized part of the pipe. The hole was 

originally begun with a tri-cone tooth bit, but when drift 

exceeded the 5 degree limitation placed on the drillers by 

the U.S. Geological Survey contract, the bit was switched 

to a hammer.

Hole 2 (R2) was also a rotary hole drilled to a total 

depth of 1,335 ft (411 m); a hammer bit was used on the 

entire hole and produced cuttings to 870 ft (268 m), at 

which point circulation was lost and minor cuttings were 

available to 975 ft (300 m). Cuttings were again recovered 

from this point to a depth of 1,020 ft (314 m), after which 

circulation was lost again and never recovered. The 

drillers refused to drill deeper without a pipe guarantee.

Hole 3 (R3) was rotary drilled to a depth of approximately 1,014 ft (313 m), at which point coring began and 

continued until 1,421 ft (437 m). The bottom 84 ft (26 m) 

were no longer reduced or brecciated and appeared to be 

undisturbed Hermit Shale. Therefore, it was assumed that 

the hole was no longer in the pipe and the drilling was 

stopped.

Hole 4 (R4) was rotary drilled to a depth of 1,001 ft 

(308 m) with circulation lost below 855 ft (263 m). Coring began at 1,001 ft (308 m), at the base of what the 

drillers interpreted to be a 30 ft (9 m) cavern, and continued to 1,008 ft (310 m) where oxidized rock was encountered and the drill string, along with 900 ft (277 m) 

of casing, plummeted into a 40 ft (12 m) high cavern. 

The hole, drill string, and casing were lost.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A9
Figure 8 (above and facing page). Geologic map of the Mohawk Canyon pipe.

A10 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
R2

EXPLANATION

PERMIAN HARRISBURG GYPSIFEROUS MEMBER OF KAIBAB LIMESTONE 

Calcareous siltstone and fine-grained sandstone with minor micritic limestone. Very pale orange. Thin-bedded to massive. Contains an 8-foot-thick 

marker bed composed of chert and chert breccia cemented by finely crystalline calcite. Forms alternating ledges and slopes. Approximately 200 ft 

(62 m) thick

PERMIAN FOSSILMOUNTAIN MEMBER OF KAIBAB LIMESTONE Very finely 

crystalline limestone containing abundant concentrically laminated chert 

nodules approximately 4 in. in diameter. Light-brownish gray. Massive. 

Approximately 240 ft (74 m) thick

PERMIAN WOODS RANCH MEMBER OF TOROWEAP FORMATION Calcareous sandstone and siltstone with minor micritic limestone and gypsum 

interbeds. Pale red to grayish orange. Thin-bedded. Approximately 200 ft 

(62 m) thick

 ? Contact Dashed where inferred, queried where uncertain

 ? Surface trace of normal fault Showing dip of fault surface. Ball and bar on 

downthrown side. Dashed where inferred, queried where uncertain

 Surface trace of reverse fault Showing strike and dip of fault surface. U on 

upthrown side, D on downthrown side. Dashed where inferred

Strike and dip of beds

Drill holes with bottom location in map view. Larger circle represents top of hole

Adit

Marker bed in Harrisburg Gypsiferous Member of Kaibab Limestone

Surface rock sample location

Soil sample location

Hole 5 (C5) was cored to a total depth of 1,012 ft 

(311 m), at which point the project ran out of money and 

drilling was terminated. With the exception of hole 1, the 

drift of the holes was minor, although as is common for 

these pipes, all holes drifted toward the outside of the 

pipe.

Lithologic Logs

Lithologic and geophysical logs for the five drill 

holes are shown in appendixes 1-5. Because most of the 

holes penetrated brecciated rock, as opposed to the normal stratigraphic sequences, the formation contacts were 

placed at levels where the first clasts were observed that 

could be recognized as belonging to the next formation 

in question. In most cases, it was impossible to determine 

from the chip samples whether or not the rock was brecciated. The contact between the Fossil Mountain Member 

of the Kaibab and the underlying Woods Ranch Member 

of the Toroweap was difficult to determine from the breccia, as most of the Woods Ranch Member appears to have 

been removed by solution, and the chert fragments from 

the Fossil Mountain Member appear to have been carried downward as much as 600 ft (184 m). Even though 

the Woods Ranch Member is present along the cliffs on 

either side of the Mohawk Canyon pipe, the pipe itself

was apparently such an efficient conduit for fluids that 

the gypsum in the Woods Ranch Member has been almost 

totally removed.

With the exception of hole 3, all holes commonly 

contain celadonite in the Harrisburg Gypsiferous Member 

of the Kaibab Limestone and in the upper 150 ft (46 m) 

of the Fossil Mountain Member of the Kaibab Limestone. 

Again, with the exception of hole 3, all holes have copper carbonate (azurite, malachite, or both) present in the 

Kaibab Limestone; it appears to be particularly prevalent 

between about 280 ft (86 m) and 320 ft (98 m).

Hole 3 is apparently outside or at the edge of the 

bleached, unoxidized, central pipe of breccia. Pyrite does 

not appear to be as common above 1,016 ft (313 m) in 

hole 3 as it is in other holes. The bottom 400 ft (120 m) 

that was cored (below 1,014 ft, 313 m) is not brecciated and 

beneath 1,215 ft (373 m) the core becomes typical reddishbrown Hermit Shale, with the exception of occasional 

reduction spots and associated blebs and veins of pyrite.

Hole 1 is apparently at the opposite (northwest) 

edge of the bleached, unoxidized portion of the breccia 

pipe (fig. 8), although cuttings are bleached and contain 

pyrite throughout most of the hole below 635 ft (195 m). 

At 1,085 ft (334 m) the cuttings became typical reddishbrown Hermit Shale and the hole was terminated, as it 

apparently either drifted out of the pipe or at least out 

of the bleached/reduced zone.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A1 1
r-^J»5->ai^>l^r*^^»i:'l».. 1.

^^

41 "",»

Figure 9. Two adits were driven into the west side of Mohawk Canyon, probably sometime during the 19th century. 

These adits are located on the outermost east ring fracture of the Mohawk Canyon pipe, and extend back into the pipe about 

20 ft (6 m).

Holes 2, 4, and 5 are entirely within the brecciated, 

reduced part of the pipe. All three holes encountered difficulty with lost circulation after the Coconino Sandstone 

was entered. Pyrite is moderately common in the cuttings 

and core from all three holes. The core from hole 5 and 

the 8 ft (2.5 m) of core from hole 4 were the most 

informative.

Hole 5 is brecciated from 125 ft (38 m) to the bottom of the hole (figs. 12a and 12b). In addition, at 969 ft 

(298 m) the movement of iron oxides was sufficient to 

produce liesegang banding (fig. 13) in the porous 

Seligman Member of the Toroweap Formation. The core 

from hole 5 provides a complete observable sequence of 

the brecciated center of the pipe, including clasts of strata 

from the top of the Kaibab Limestone down to the 

Coconino Sandstone.

The 8 ft (2.5 m) of core at the bottom of hole 4 

(1,000 ft, 307 m) that was recovered just prior to losing 

the drill string is probably some of the more interesting 

rock. The top 2 ft are strongly oxidized and the contact 

with the underlying pyrite-rich reduced rock is very sharp. 

This oxidation was apparently caused by later oxidizing 

ground water, which must have flowed through the

overlying 30 ft (9 m) cavern the drillers had carefully 

proceeded through. The 4 in. (1.2 cm) of oxidized core 

at the bottom of this hole should perhaps have been taken 

as a warning by the drillers that they were about to enter 

another cavern through which oxidizing ground waters 

must have flowed. The 6 ft (1.8 m) of reduced rock contain approximately 1-3 percent pyrite as specks, thin, 

wispy, veinlets, elliptical-to-round patches up to 2 inches 

(6 cm) long and as disseminated grains throughout the 

sandstone matrix. Several vugs, especially at 1,007 ft 

(310 m), contain galena crystals. Arsenopyrite, sphalerite, 

and bravoite, are scattered throughout the reduced zone 

1,003 ft (308 m) to 1,007.5 ft (310.2 m). Within the oxidized zone pyrite blebs and veins have been altered to 

hematite. In addition, 1 mm blebs of black, glassy 

bitumen material are scattered throughout the sandstone 

matrix in the reduced zone between the two caverns.

The downward displacement in the center of the 

Mohawk Canyon pipe is shown in figure 14. Here, all 

five holes have been projected to one plane to illustrate 

the downdropping of as much as 170 ft (52 m) at the base 

of the Coconino Sandstone. The downward displacement 

becomes less toward the top of the pipe (in the Harrisburg

A12 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Table 1. Geochemistry of surface samples collected from Mohawk Canyon pipe. 

[The first three digits of the sample number are the Mohawk Canyon pipe number]

Sample #

494-A-C83

494-B-C83

494-C-C83

494-A-C83

494-B-C83

494-C-C83

494-A-C83

494-B-C83

494-C-C83

494-A-C83

494-B-C83

494-C-C83

494-A-C83

494-B-C83

494-C-C83

 494-A-C83

494-B-C83

494-C-C83

Aq ppm

ICP

<10

<2

100

T-C03 C%

.12

.74

1.01

Eu ppm

ICP

<10

* .51

* .67

Li ppm

AA

7

99

10

Pb ppm

ICP

50

130

12000

Tb ppm

ICP

<100

* .37

* .45

A1203X

X-ray

.49

14.4

2.24

CaO%

X-ray

.63

2.28

2.8

Ft

.01

.33

.16

Lu ppm

ICP

.51

.18

Rb ppm

AA

<10

*107

* 13

Th ppm

ICP

<20

* 14.8

* 3.03

As ppm

AA

36

72

400

Cd ppm

ICP

10

10

30

T-Fe203%

X-ray

2.68

15.2

18

MgO%

X-ray

.23

3.94

2.34

Total -S%

.01

.02

.22

Ti02%

X-ray

<.02

.5

.16

Au ppm

.

<.05

Ce ppm

ICP

<20

*33.2

*26.5

Ga ppm

ICP

<20

<20

<20

Mn ppm

ICP

40

60

70

Sb ppm

INAA

2.22

106

Tm ppm

ICP

.46

.22

Ba ppm

ICP

150

* 329

* 180

Co ppm

ICP

<5

* 5.32

*11.9

Gd ppm

ICP

<50

<50

* 3.5

Mo ppm

ICP

<10

<10

140

Sc ppm

ICP

<10

* 8.86

* 2.4

U ppm

ON

4.99

16.7

49.5

Be ppm

ICP

<5

<5

<5

Cr ppin

ICP

31

*110

*244

Hf ppm

INAA

7.46

2.81

Na20°/0

X-ray

.08

* .35

* .92

Se ppm

AA

1.5

4.6

350

V ppm

ICP

60

90

290

Total -C% T-Org

X-ray X-ray

.17 .05

.88 .06

1.58 .57

Cs ppm

AA

<1

*11.4

* 1.27

Hg ppm

AA

.0500

.2000

.3000

Nb ppm

ICP

<20

<20

<20

Si 02%

X-ray

92.3

45.5 *

53.7 *

Y ppm

ICP

<10

20

C%

Cu ppm

ICP

40

20

14000

K20%

X-ray

.07

4.6

.35

Nd ppm

ICP

<20

* 16.1

13.7

Sm ppm

ICP

<50

2.96

3.62

Yb ppm

ICP

<5

* 3.37

20 * 1.29

Dy ppm

ICP

<20

<20

<20

LOI-900

X-ray

1.25

11.5

12.2

Ni ppm

ICP

20

130

70

Sr ppm

ICP

20

870

1600

Zn ppm

AA

440

* 1740

M2000

Er ppm

ICP

<20

<20

<20

La ppm

ICP

<10

* 19.3

* 27.4

P205%

X-ray

.16

.45

1.47

Ta ppm

ICP

<200

* 1.32

* .26

Zr ppm

INAA

238

-

* INAA data

INAA-Induced Neutron Activation Analysis

ICP-Inductively Coupled Argon Emission Plasma Spectroscopy

AA-Atomic Absorption

DN-Delayed Neutron

X-ray-X-ray Fluorescence

Gypsiferous Member) because of the bulking effect. The 

contacts were difficult to determine in many cases, particularly where strongly brecciated and only rotary-drilled 

chip samples (such as hole 4R), or no samples, were 

available. These contacts are queried in figure 14.

Geophysical Logs

Downhole geophysical logs were made of each hole. 

Top-to-bottom logs are available for holes 1 and 2, but 

the bottom 260 ft (80 m) in hole 3, the bottom 160 ft 

(50 m) in hole 4, and the bottom 234 ft (72 m) in hole 

5 have no logs because the holes either caved in or were 

too narrow for the probe. Gamma-ray, density, and 

caliper logs are available for all other intervals. Magneticsusceptibility logs were also made on all holes except holes 

3 and 5 (the core holes lined with steel casing). Resistivity and induced-polarization logs were run in water-filled 

sections of the holes wherever possible, but due to the 

cavernous nature of the pipe there were few holes that 

held water long enough so that more than the bottom 

350 ft (107 m) could be logged.

The gamma logs show radiation levels below 0.002 

percent eU3O8 for all holes except hole 2 (note the gamma log scale for hole 2 is twice what it is for the other 

holes), and one interval around 650 ft (200 m) in all holes. 

At this horizon, just above the Woods Ranch-Brady Canyon contact, there is an interval of about 50 ft (15 m) 

in which the gamma-ray response ranges from two to four 

times the normal background for the hole. Thus the gamma logs provide a good marker horizon for the base of

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A13
Table 2. Geochemistry of soil samples collected from Mohawk Canyon pipe. 

[The first three digits of the sample number are the Mohawk Canyon pipe number]

Sampl e #

494-A-SC84

494-B-SC84

494-C-SC84

494-D-SC84

494-E-SC84

494-F-SC84

494-G-SC84

494-A-SC84

494-B-SC84

494-C-SC84

494-D-SC84

494-E-SC84

494-F-SC84

494-6-SC84

494-A-SC84

494-B-SC84

494-C-SC84

494-D-SC84

494-E-SC84

494-F-SC84

494-G-SC84

494-A-SC84

494-B-SC84

494-C-SC84

494-D-SC84

494-E-SC84

494-F-SC84

494-G-SC84

Al %

ICP

3.2

2.3

3.4

4.3

3.1

2.4

4.5

Cu ppm

ICP

19

11

20

22

17

16

17

Nb ppm

ICP

7

7

9

7

8

<4

7

U ppm

DN

4.17

3.94

3.25

3.3

3.58

3.81

3.68

As ppm

ICP

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

<10

Fe %

ICP

1.5

1

1.6

2

1.4

1.1

2.1

Nd ppm

ICP

34

41

31

28

28

32

31

V ppm

ICP

40

31

41

51

36

31

49

Ba ppm

ICP

330

260

330

450

310

370

450

Ga ppm

ICP

8

5

7

11

7

7

11

Ni ppm

ICP

23

12

18

34

15

19

21

Y ppm

ICP

49

56

34

21

35

44

22

Be ppm

ICP

<1

<1

<1

1

<1

<1

1

K %

ICP

1.1

.87

1.2

1.6

.97

.89

1.4

P %

ICP

1.1

1.4

.7

.19

.79

1

.07

Yb ppm

ICP

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

Ca %

ICP

10

12

9.9

9

9.4

13

.89

La ppm

ICP

49

47

38

31

36

38

36

Pb ppm

ICP

13

10

16

16

16

11

16

Zn ppm

ICP

84

60

77

68

72

74

55

Ce ppm

ICP

41

34

41

47

38

33

61

Li ppm

ICP

21

16

19

26

20

17

31

Sc ppm

ICP

5

4

5

6

5

3

7

Co ppm

ICP

7

4

8

11

7

6

11

Mg %

ICP

4.4

4.3

4.2

2

3.9

4.7

.56

Sr ppm

ICP

300

290

260

240

270

320

130

Cr ppm

ICP

170

150

99

72

110

140

63

Mn ppm

ICP

360

310

460

470

430

290

400

Th ppm

ICP

<4

5

5

5

<4

<4

12

Na %

ICP

.33

.23

.36

.41

.32

.26

.59

Th ppm

DN

7.7

6.4

6.92

4.8

4.7

3.9

11.5

Ti % 

ICP

.16 

.11 

.17 

.23 

.16 

.13 

.3

ICP-Inductively Coupled Argon Emission Plasma Spectroscopy 

DN-Delayed Neutron

the Woods Ranch Member. In hole 2, gamma logs from 

the lost-circulation portion of the hole show a 1-ft interval of 0.52 percent eU3O8 at a depth of 1,191 ft (366 m), 

underlain by a 20-ft (6 m) zone of 0.04 percent eU3Og 

(fig. 15). This is the same stratigraphic horizon as the top 

of the orebodies in the Hack I, II, III, and Pigeon mines 

located on similar plateaus capped with Kaibab 

Limestone (fig. 2).

An interesting problem in using gamma-logs to 

evaluate ore reserves became apparent at this horizon (fig. 

16). The initial gamma log, run just after the high-grade 

horizon was encountered, and the drill string was removed once, is shown on the right side of figure 16. On 

the left is the gamma log that resulted after the hole was 

completed, and the drill string had been repeatedly pulled 

from and put back into the hole. From this diagram the 

hole appears to have more than 150 ft (46 m) of anomalous radiation, when, in fact, it is really 20 ft (6 m). The

1-ft interval of high grade material was evidently smeared 

over 150 ft (46 m) of drill hole. If this contamination had 

not been recognized it could have resulted in an erroneously high estimate of ore reserves.

Under normal conditions density logs indicate the 

bulk density of the rock. However, in highly fractured 

rock, where hole diameter increases abruptly, the density log appears to be a mirror image of the caliper log. 

Thus, most of the anomalously low density peaks indicate 

fracture zones in the breccia pipe.

In general, the logs show that the magnetic susceptibility in the holes is low, which may be a reflection of 

the porosity of the pipe. This porosity may permit oxidizing ground waters to alter many of the ferromagnetic 

minerals that were originally present in the sandstones 

to limonite and other iron minerals with low susceptibilities. There is some suggestion that surface magnetic 

surveys (Senterfit and others, 1985) over breccia pipes

A14 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
show magnetic lows along the ring fractures where oxidizing ground waters have probably flowed. Just below 

the high-grade uranium horizon (1,191 ft, 366 m) in hole 

2, the bottom 75 ft (23 m) of the hole show a significant 

increase in magnetic susceptibility. This increase suggests 

that the oxidizing fluids may not have penetrated this 

lower part of the pipe, and if an orebody did form at or 

below this interval, it may still be preserved.

Because of the difficulty in filling the holes with 

water there are few intervals with induced polarization 

(IP) and resistivity logs. It is fortunate that the logs are 

available in the high-grade uranium interval near the bottom of hole 2 where no samples were recovered due to 

lost circulation. The positive response of IP measurement 

to sulfide mineralization can be seen in hole 1 at a depth 

of 925 ft (285 m). Here pyrite is very abundant in the Hermit Shale (app. 1 lithologic log under mineralization column) and the IP measurement suddenly increases. In hole 

2 the IP measurement becomes quite high for 40 ft (12 

m) between 1,100 and 1,140 ft (338 and 351 m). This is 

immediately above the high-grade uranium interval and 

may represent the pyrite cap over the orebody. In addition, the highest IP spike lies directly beneath the highgamma ray anomaly at 1,191 ft (366 m), suggesting the 

uranium is associated with high-grade sulfide mineralization, as it is in all uranium-mineralized breccia pipes that 

have been mined in northern Arizona.

Geochemistry

The geochemical data and petrographic descriptions 

will be published in a separate report following completion of all chemical analyses by the U.S. Geological 

Survey analytical laboratory. Preliminary analyses of core 

from hole 5 show intervals of high concentrations of As, 

Pb, and Zn. The core was sampled and analyzed at approximately 15 ft (4.6 m) intervals. With the exception 

of from 407 ft, (125 m) to 419 ft (129 m) (2 samples) 

within the Fossil Mountain Member, all As concentrations above 748 ft (230 m) were less than 100 ppm. At 

this interval, 407-419 ft, the Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations also increase dramatically, although, except for a 

sharp decrease in the density log, there is nothing unusual 

about this interval. Between 490 ft (151 m) and 540 ft 

(166 m), starting at the contact of the Kaibab Limestone 

and Toroweap Formation and going downward, there are 

some sharp increases in Pb and Zn, but none in As and 

Ni. The most dramatic geochemical anomaly begins at 

748 ft (230 m), where As suddenly increases from 10 ppm 

to 3,600 ppm and remains well above 100 ppm until the 

bottom of the hole at 1,008 ft (310 m) where it is 2,300 

ppm. This increase is accompanied by an abrupt decrease 

in density due to a lithology change from a siltstone to 

a limestone. In fact, there is a sizable cavern at 748 ft

which is indicated by the caliper log. Although there are 

two high Zn samples around 748 ft, the Zn concentrations aren't consistently high above a depth of 950 ft (292 

m) where Ni is also enriched. This geochemical anomaly 

occurs in the middle of the Seligman Member where the 

grain size is larger, and hence the permeability is greater. 

Hole 5 was terminated because contract money ran out. 

However, the most interesting geochemical anomalies occurred near the bottom of the hole.

CONCLUSIONS

The Mohawk Canyon pipe was selected for drilling because it contained eight criteria deemed to be surface indicators of a mineralized breccia pipe. Drilling has 

verified that this collapse feature (1) is a breccia pipe, and 

(2) contains reduced mineralized rock. Although the 1-ftthick zone of high-grade uranium encountered in hole 2R 

is hardly an orebody, the grade of 0.52 percent eU3O8 

is the average grade mined from those breccia pipes which 

host orebodies. Besides hole 2R, only 2 other holes of 

the five drilled penetrated to the depth of 1,181 ft (366 m), 

where the uranium-mineralized rock is present; both of 

these other holes were either outside the breccia pipe or 

outside the reduced zone. This is the same horizon 

(1,181 ft, 366 m at approximately the Coconino 

Sandstone-Hermit Shale contact) as that at the top of the 

orebodies in the Hack Canyon and Pigeon mines, located 

beneath a similar Kaibab Limestone-capped plateau. Hole 

4, which was lost when a 40-ft (12-m) cavern was encountered, contained the most sulfide mineralization, including galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, bravoite, and 1-3 

percent pyrite in the reduced rock just above the cavern. 

The rocks in this hole appear to have been downdropped 

slightly more than the other holes, suggesting that they 

are closer to the center of the pipe.

Sufficient mineralized rock was verified in the 

Mohawk Canyon pipe that further drilling is warranted 

to assess its economic potential. Results from this study 

suggest that the ideal place for the next hole would be 

about 25 ft (8 m) south of hole 4, where the downward 

displacement and brecciation is probably greatest, and 

hence the permeability and U mineralization would have 

been highest. Hole 4 showed the most sulfide mineralization at the shallowest level (1,000 ft), so future holes 

should be located near it.

REFERENCES CITED

Billingsley, G. H., Jr., and Huntoon, P. W., 1983, Geologic 

map of Vulcans Throne and vicinity, western Grand Canyon, Arizona: Grand Canyon Natural History Association.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A15
PIPE No. 494 Co SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

PIPE No. 494 Fe SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

200 400

0.9 -400 -200 200 400

180

PIPE No. 494 Cr SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

PIPE No. 494 La SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

-400 -200 200 400 -400 -200 200 400

PIPE No. 494 Cu SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

200

PIPE No. 494 Mg SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

400

DISTANCE IN FEET FROM CENTER 

 N-S W-E

-200 200 400

Figure 10 (above and facing page). Plots of results from a soil sampling survey for Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mg, Nd, P, 

Y, and Zn. Element concentration is shown versus distance from the center of the pipe.

A16 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
PIPE No. 494 Nd SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY400 FEET FROM CENTER

PIPE No. 494 Y SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

-400 -200 200 400

20 -400 -200 200 400

PIPE No. 494 P SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

200

PIPE No. 494 Zn SOIL DATA 

PIPE BOUNDARY 400 FEET FROM CENTER

400

DISTANCE IN FEET FROM CENTER 

 N-S W-E

200 400

Foord, E. E., McKee, E. D., and Bowles, C. G., 1978, Status 

of mineral resource information for the Shivwits Plateau, 

Parashant, Andrus, and Whitmore Canyons, and Kanab 

Canyon areas, Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological 

Survey Administrative Report for the National Park Service, 30 p.

Gornitz, Vivian, and Kerr, P. F., 1970, Uranium mineralization and alteration, Orphan Mine, Grand Canyon, 

Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 65, p. 751-765.

Hagni, R. D., 1983, Ore microscopy, paragenetic sequence, 

trace element content, and fluid inclusion studies of the 

copper-lead-zinc deposits of the southeast Missouri lead 

district, in Kisvasanyi and others, International Conference 

on Mississippi Valley Type Lead-Zinc Deposits, proceedings volume, p. 243-256.

Huntoon, P. W., Billingsley, G. H., Jr., and Clark, M. D., 

1981, Geologic map of the Hurricane fault zone and vicinity, Western Grand Canyon, Arizona: Grand Canyon 

Natural History Association.

____1982, Geologic map of lower Granite Gorge and vicinity, Western Grand Canyon, Arizona: Grand Canyon Natural 

History Association.

Pierce, H. W, Keith, S. B., and Wilt, J. C., 1970, Coal, oil, 

natural gas, helium, and uranium in Arizona: The Arizona 

Bureau of Mines Bulletin 182, 289 p.

Senterfit, R. M., Mohr, P., and Horton, R., 1985, Geophysical 

studies on the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Arizona: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-400, 30 p.

Sutphin, H. B., and Wenrich, K. J., 1983, Structural control of 

breccia pipes on the southern Marble Plateau, Arizona: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-908, scale 1:50,000.

Sutphin, H. B., Wenrich, K. J., and Verbeek, E. R., 1983, Structural control of breccia pipes on the southern Marble 

plateau, Arizona: Geological Society of America Abstracts 

with Programs, v. 15, no. 5, p. 376.

Wenrich, K. J., 1985, Mineralization of breccia pipes in 

Northern Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 6, 

p. 1722-1735.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A17
Figure 1 1 . Five holes were drilled in the Mohawk Canyon pipe 

to an average depth of 1,100 ft (338 m). The eastern inner ring 

fracture forms this cliff of the Harrisburg Cypsiferous Member 

of the Kaibab Limestone. The drill rig is sitting over hole R1.

Figure 12. Drill hole 5 is brecciated from 125 ft (38 m) to the bottom of the hole (1,012 ft, 311 m). A, Breccia at 550 ft (169 m) 

is composed dominantly of fragments from the Fossil Mountain Member of the Kaibab Limestone. The Woods Ranch Member 

of the Toroweap has been largely dissolved out of the pipe. Although this sample is in the Woods Ranch and the matrix material 

is probably finely comminuted sand from the Woods Ranch, the fragments are downdropped from the Fossil Mountain Member 

above. 8, Sandstone breccia at 944 ft (290 m) from the Seligman Member of the Toroweap Formation.

A18 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A19
Figure 13. At 969 ft (298 m) the movement of iron oxides within the Seligman Member breccia was sufficient to form liesegang 

banding.

A20 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
SRandSC 5C 4Rand4C 2R 1R

HARRISBURG

GYPSIFEROUS

MEMBER

FOSSIL

MOUNTAIN

MEMBER

WOODS

RANCH

MEMBER

BRADY

CANYON 

MEMBER

SELIGMAN

MEMBER

COCONINO 

SANDSTONE

HERMIT

SHALE

(part)

TD

 ?-

 ? 

-?-

-?-

-240~"~~ """"""

-505 - 

-665^

£25

875 \

X\ \

X\

^

\ TD

^^^-^

494~~-- -__

685^ ~~"~~---.

913 _

976- __

1012 TD

 ? 

-^

-255^

52^

^^^

925

1008

TD 

1421

^

220 

/

/

/

760 /

/

/ /

/ /

/92Q/

fane /

1095

TD

/^S^

210

645

750

790^

I KAIBAB 

LIMESTONE

, TOROWEAP

FORMATION

925

1120

-0

1335 ~ 1 °° 

- ?nn FFFI

Figure 14. Projection of the data for all five drill holes onto a cross section summarizing the approximate 

stratigraphic contacts. Note the downdropping of the strata by as much as approximately 170 ft (52 m) 

in the center of the pipe.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A21
MOHAWK CANYON BRECCIA PIPE 

DRILL HOLE NO. 2

0.0

GAMMA RAY 

eU3O8 pet.

0.3 0.6 0.00

GAMMA RAY 

eU3O8 pet.

0.03 0.06

1180

1190

-J200

1210

1220

A B

EXPANDED SCALE OF A

Figure 15. Gamma-ray log of hole 2R, 900 ft (277 m) to 1,300 ft (400 m), showing a zone of high-grade uranium 

mineralization (20 ft of average grade 0.04 with 1 ft of 0.6 percent eU3O8).

A22 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
MOHAWK CANYON BRECCIA PIPE 

DRILLHOLE NO. 2

GAMMA RAY 

eU3O8 pet.

0.00

900-

0.02

1000-

1100-

1200-

1300

0.00

GAMMA RAY

eU3O8 pet.

0.01 0.02

CONTAMINATED BY 

DRILL CUTTINGS

UNCONTAMINATED

figure 16. Gamma-ray logs showing the log made immediately after the high-grade zone was penetrated (log on 

the right), and the log run after repeated trips with the drill string (log on left), which contaminated almost 150 ft 

of the drill hole with the higher-grade cuttings. Logs such as this would result in an overestimate of ore reserves.

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A23

APPENDIXES 1-5
a>

a

c

CO

o

CO "o

c.

k.

ot»-

COat

o

a 

o

CO

^

f

a

o

CO

at

 o

c

CO

0

'at

o"o

£

*- 

J

1

1

fX

 5

c

CD

a 

a

^

M

<C

..

CU

4->

ro

OO

O

C

o

0

o

o

>>

co c

CO O 

r-l O

J^-

LO

CVJ

CU

ro C

Q O

(J

CD

OO

o;

rH 3

i r-» <^-

CTi

a:

o z

C CVJ

ro

cu

o 

n: i 

L l

Q.

O

CVJ

rH

rH

 

I 

O

ro

10

*.

>

CU

LU

^

CVJ

0

0

o 

ro

i i

rH

cn

c

o

_J

=

0

ro

i~^ 

o

o

LD

ro

 

rO

_J

c

o

 r 

 !_>

CL

 r 

t_

u

I/)

CU

Q

£_

O

r 

o

0

1 

rO

£_

CU

C

 r 

s:

i:

Q.

CU

O

.c

j i

i 

o

)"

r»

c

c

E

E

C

3 0 

O

o

£_

o

 > c

tf 'i

« CU

0 £1 "

 r- (J *-*

4-> cn

 r- £_ 4-

E 0

0 C 0

r r 4->

0 E

"D cn

C/l <+ 

 > c >

CU -r- ^-'

C ro

O 4-> "O 

4-> C C £_

t/) O ro CU

CU O */> 4->

E j >

 r- . N ro

 J i 4-> E

rO O"

 + > (J

- X CU -rLD O V) C

ro t- t- ro

1 (J ro CD

 ro CL t_

0 E i/> 0

cn

CU C

i £_ _* 

rO O 1C

Q. C - - £1 -r-

.. £_ O CU LD V) Q.

- JQ CVJ , 00 -rO 1 1 ro 1 >, O1

i I 5 - CL - ro C

1 i O O £- tO >,r-l > CVJ CD O

C

0

- T3

LD ro

ro 

1 CU

O 0

«°°

4-> "O

4- C

O ro </) to

 > N

0 4->

t cr

ro

(J cn

4 

A ^

CU

C (/)

o c

-(-> -rto ro

T3 -P 

3 c cn

s: o c

O -r-

 c

 *rLD to CU

LD 3 >

1 O

- £_ N

LD O 4->

ro CL cr

cn

£_

O

_

LD CU

LD i 

1 ro

- CL

LD

ro >

O)

E 

cu «

0 4->

£_

§« CU «o g~

cnro o

4-

> t/) t_ 

c O tn

" I C ^

CU ro *r^ ^3

4-> 4-> E CU

 r- C £-

CO « 4->

CU O *-* to

S- ro

ro (J CU

O T- 4->

N t c -r4-> ro -r- C

err o </> o

£

. >, J_ -r-

- c O rLD +->

! *> £1 >> Si cn ro o

- !- C C

LD i (J 

LD to ^-^ E

c tn

 r- C

2 <o

C 4->

O C

O O

O

U 

r 4-> 

(13 L- 

(J CU LD

.C CVJ

« (J r-t

CU 1

C 4-> 

O C LD

4-> ro P*»

I/) "O CH> o c

3 3 "O

s: JQ c

ro ro

 t/1

- O

O 4-> N

r 1 4->

CVJ £_ CT

1 O

- c cn

LD -i <4 

i-- E >

- CU LD 1

O > CO .C

O !- 1-4 V)

r-t c 1 -ri O >, - >, cn

ro O ro C

LD 4-> S- O £- £-

LD r- Cn r-H Cn O

« CU

C 4->

LD O !-

^. t_ "O C

1 O ro O

- c . E

LD -r- CU -r- LD s: o t 

LD C

CO O

r-l £_ -D

1 O ro

- C c 

LD -r- CU

I^STO

ONOlSaWl 8VOIVX) Uaeftaw SflOb3dlSdAD OUHOSIUUVH

^ O

O o

10 -

N;-OIT-S>^O

1 AU. ' L ^dM i

1 1

 ' -.I.' ; : -^.1

i i i

III II «lH^o^i^]fjH

J\/Vv"\ m y- v «

! °

1 c r f-i^^pvrt ^A

1 r ^"*^ ^ 

^E

V~v"V/v~w^-~~^

- VU A1ISN3Q | 5r

w

at

/ '*. . "".. °

.' ' " '' .........." . AiniaiidBosns ^ .............

OI13N'OVW""" oAVd VWWVO .J\ A A

jS\S\ ' l\-/\ri ^V-Ai-^S^XV/N*^ i-r-nr ^^^V>^-^Ay^/*V/^ V/ \_.

A26 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Hole no.: 494-1R

QR MS D

\' ' '"> ' ' V '

_*S 2 \ 3

^~~~^ -i / '

:^ \ ( 4

r ^ ^ L i f

'I P *, \

\ ^ ' ' -

Lith

|_A. . ^._

x-X. 1 x^- 

 J-5 -^N-X"V 

X^V_J_

\s.s~+^~s^

:£3^

--w%. A

^j^~"f^

cc^gz

SCCT

-* x-^x->3- 

Q^l'll^

^A4^ 

^£

1 1 1

1 1

 ^

1 | ~

| -J|

-w

4 L 1

'. li&

1 A

1*1 1 1

1 ,1 ,1

1 1

1 1

1. 1 .1

~f-^-

1 1

, 1

1 ,1 ,

Depth

 150

 200 _

QC

 U 

CO

I2

UJ2 * *

Ul

z z

< o

- | 5

u_ 2 u

r § =

OCA m

 fcOU ^ 

CO

_l 

5 <

- § « u.

Mineral

!l85'-190' 

See 

descript.

190'-210' 

Minor 

celadon

Minor 

limonite, 

celadon. 

0225'. 

Minor 

goethite 

@240'

Color

135'-170' 

ylw-gray

170-210' 

v pale orng 

to grayishorng

210'-240' 

ylw-gray

240'-325' 

pale ylwbrn

Chalcedon

eel adorn" t

hematite 

210'-340'

(<vfg). C

chert.

Minor goe

cuttings 
c

o

 r 

4~>

Q.

 r 

£_

O

to

CU

0

t.

O

"o

o

r 

(O

t_

CU

c

:E

.c:

Q.

CU 

0

_J

C

Q

09^

QC 

O

-

-

-

^

. 

/^

LO

CO

CO

1

0

CO

CO

CE>

CD

c

 r 

c

 r 

CU

>

N

^«> oCU 1

A ^_^

CU p« -r- -

m i a) s- 4-> o

£- fO 4-> O re CO -

tO t -r- C E CM LO

CL ro .c ! cu co

oo E O E .C <E> co

0

o

CO

1

--_"-_-_"_"-_ -~

cov^XjA* /v/x>

^^ wA. S^syww/^x/N/*\ A x^_

1 1 1 1 1 II 1

k«"

t

x-

-

/

^

c

^

r

L

c

r

0

.

J

 '

D

3-

O

1

o

VJ

o

&

>>

uJ

^

1J

J

>

 ^

»

V

<

./

J

1

h

T

 \

\

l>

«

r

/

1

<

_

r

\f

4

\

0

T3

O>

-04-> 

f^ ^3 CZ 

fO QJ fO ^^

4-» J3 "O CO

x t_ c - oo

O CU 3 O

t- 4-> jQ r»» ®>

o c fO ro

fO -i to

E o <3> cu

« o i: cu

CU C t- V) TC -r- O (Q Q.

0 E c j=

4J -r; OS

to to E i 

0) C T- tO

£ - > V) c

_J 4-> C O rO

CO M- i.

 O 4^ cn

 C_3 </) ^^

LO "O 50)

CO 3 4->

ro ^-x E >, !-

1 O1 4-> O) £

- »t- O «- >, 4->

O > i O) fO O)

*^ \X ro f* r ~ O

ro^-* tjo o O3

.*: cu

LO 1 C rLO J= -r- ro

d to Q. Q.

- >, CO > O1

LO ro C C

CO £_ £_ O £-

ro cn o 4-> o

o>

4->

i: o

4-> CO

cu ro

o

C£J (2;

o

IO

c>

1 1 1

T* \- \"~ IT x^^ ^~~ \ C j ~"^JL 

) F" «"~ \ ^ ' ^

/S^wA^^-^v^^r-x

o

r* 

ro0

0

o>

c

o

(/) o

s:

«

to

Cf>

CO

..

IO

CO

ro

1

ill

x^V^

^^

^5 -

^<^r

~

LO T3

CO <U

ro v) "O

1 CU T3

- J>i OJ

o ro .a

«^- r t_

ro « - <U

4->

to »S c

ro -rto

a; c a>

C -r- C

O (O O

4-> t- +->

OJ 4->

E CU r- 

 r- 4-> -r-

_J -r- . tO

 4-> O ^3

- 0) r-H C.

LO O «S- fO r~^ cn i o .

^* ~

1 C. LO C- O

- O CTi O CO

LO c ro c «3-

O"^ *r~ 'r 

CO SL ^; 1^ ^;

O QJ

rH 4->

^^ *r~ 1 (- £

- O 4->

LO C CU

CTi -i- O

ro S en

0

o

' r

::f:;n|;

^\^-'"~\

->T^Txvr^TM'^.

A28 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Hole no.: 494-1R

GR MS

Lith Depth Mineral Color 

V-t

4

L .//I

^ZH

450

410'-490' 

Goethite, 

minor 

1 imonite, 

hematite?

1 A I

500

1 A 1

n^r

550

455'-540'

grayishorng

Goethite 

1 imonite 

- 490'. 

Minor gyp

475'-530'

calc. Uni

contains 

540'-610' 

v pale orng

530 '-645'

(med to f

minor Fe 
sadij ui euozuy

11 1° 

\fl 1 ,/-,- ?* 1 r " v ' 

"^"^i/ yw ~\/^>s- 

,,,,!,,,,

f

I « 

r'

V

k.

/ *>

\

)^

V"

s

\ 

\

CANYON BRADY 0 

0

'V

\

^*

J

y

-ro

V, - "' jp- - 

u^)

- si

\ 

Plfffl

\

1 1 

1 0) 

g MEMBER 

^-s^X'^ «« +^, 

1 1 | 1 

0)

0

o

-

v -

1 !)S

FORMATION) (TOROWEAP 

; 3- 2 

- fD 3 

: 3 

C C" O 

- cr X 

_J. «J. 

Q-rt

fD fD 

CTi Q- O 

CO 7T -5 

cn 3 

- << UD 

1 1 

~»j «E 

CO 1 

o

s

3

3

 3

U2

O

fD

C-h

3

^

rt

fD

^^

-J

3

O

3

 J

rt

fD

3

C

c

I

c

c-

;»

r

3

X

u

3

rt

O

CJ

C

1

 ^

CJ

 >

i

5

-

J

T

o

O^ ^ t O 

iZ

 c

1

3

3

3

a<<

a

1 3 

30-3 

- fD C 

3 3 O. 

C Q- in 

-J c+ 

- O 

C ft 3 

' fD fD 

- (/) 

U <3> 

;

C CTi 

00

en

f

c 

;

i

:

C

c

c

f

X

;~

3

 J

T

 J

3

T

-t

T

D

i

T

3

3

u

-fr

^ 

D

S

3

Qt 

in

O

O

DJ

{ +

j 

3

Cl"l

(/)

BO

QJ

-h

rt

fD-3

-£3

-J

rt

fD

Oc~

CT

fD

in

X 

3

O

3

j 

<-h

fD

in

C~h

QJ

J 

3

*» 

Gi

cr

c

3

Q.

OJ

3

CH

UD

O

fD

<H

3

 <

^

fD

-h 

O

0

-

0

-

c

c

0

c

c

r

C

^

0

<

E

C

C

I

c

c

I

r

0

_j

 h

D

1

5

0

->

3

3

-f

U

3

0

u

7

3

i

U

3

-h

cn

o

i , 

CTi

oo r 

cn

< CTl 

cn

( O 

i

-^

o

c

c

c

c

=

<1

fC

< j 

< j 

< 3 

: j 

<

^

<

.

l h 

(

4

Ti 

P» 

J1

^

J1

U

 z.

3

/)

li

3

3

i 

T>

 i

CTi "O 

00 *< 

cn -3 _ i. 

i f+ 

C3^ fD 

^>

O

CT> CT> "< 

I-* r+ f\3 ' 

o cn £ 

- l£J 1 

-51 ^31 

CTl DJ O^ ~7 

|\^ ^^ p** pi 

cn cn "< 

O CTl 

t\i * i 

 cn 

0 - 

(/>

_j.

_j

C-h

(/)

rt

O

3

fD

_i.

3

rt

fD-J

cr

fD

Q.

Q.

fD

Q.

(Q)

CTl

|_a

O

__

1

2

CO

o

o

rrt

3

O

fD a

3

3

_i.

3

fD

-J

Qi

O

O

O

a

fD

o-5

T3

j. ^ 

O

3

I 

I "

 yo
Di8o|ou,)n pup 's8oi T\MV\\O\*J uoAue;) 

-pi 

<*O

-pi
(J 

to 

CU

o

 > c

 P T3 

t C

 r- 3 

to jQ 

(O 

oS o

 P to 

CU C

 r- M- re

C > 4J

CU C

J- to O

tO .r- (J

N -P eS

err c o

 ro

 o

ID CU

co c 

o o

s- to 

.0 C

to t_

c en

C- Q)

CU O

 P s4J .«

CU CU

O -P

cn-rLf> I !- 

CVJ T- t 

CTi to to

CU CU

 p i:

il -a 

>> cu

a. co 

o

LD CU

CVJ > O >,

CTi T- +J fO

- "o >» en

O rd 

rH 4J £_ 4J

C^ rO ir> tcn en

i 

- -P

IDt 

CVJ

cn >

LD I

10 .c 

en to

I T-

- >, en

O ro C

ir> t- t_

O >> ro

O fO to t- en

^H en i -P

Lf) I 

10 O

o

CO

o

rH >>

- t.

o en 

o 

o -P

cvj c

cr» ro oj

I "O -P

- c -rO 3 £_

rH JQ >,

cn <C Q.

 P CU 0) 

I fO 0) -r- -r-

- ID C -r- 4-> ro

ID CO 3 t- CU E

CVJ O .0 >, O CU

CTi r I ef Q. en ^

Js^ £ 0) -

(J CO -P O

O - -r- O

O C C O

fO t- £- r-H

0) (O O

O. -P -Q C2J

31VHS 1IWH3H

JC 

 P

Q.

0) 

Q

O

o

1

o

0>

o 

o 

o

.- 0 fl

00

y« .^ N^.XX.-*^-'\.^.^^^-W^

o: < i

i

CO

A32 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
0)

Q

T3

C

o en

O MQ. >

cu c

C !-

o <o

4-> +->

</> C

-(-> O

i O

- C

O fO

CVJ Ul

I T3 

- O)

LO +J

CO to o

o 

o

- C

o sC\l J3

i-H I

rH "O

I 0)

co -o 

o o

r-H E

Q. 

OJ 

Q

O 

U)

o

o 

o

1

"I"" 1 ' r

0003 Nr

co

CM

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A33
g

Appendix 2. Lithologic and geophysical logs for hole 2R, Mohawk C

Hole no.: 494-2R Date: 7/25/84

T.: 32N R.: 7W Section: 26 County: Coconino State: AZ

Lat: 36°07'30" Long: 113°00'24" Elev: 6345' TD: 1335' PD: 1324'

0.

GAMMA RAY eU-jUg pet 

00 0.01

ii i i.i | i i

/ 

£ 5 5

 }« £ I

.< < M cgs ^ ^

.( i ' units f 1 _\< 9 ' . *!>?- t

r ] * < ) >.-' [ inches \ 

< t: 4

N 13 : *» /

? ii 1

-) £i <

.< gi / £

< w : /N °-

" i 3/ gW \ i 

7 oM ?J 30

'\ H:' > 

-/ UJ >- 1 

1 2 / H }

'\ <": IS

\ 2 : S '\

;/ / Q )

/

_

.

f

>

>

> 7

*

-

.

-

Lith

/ /

/ /

7 7~

\~ /' ' .'/ 

/ / .

^C^,

/ /

 1 ./-v^-^'

c^irr

v\^_..._j^

«,^-... «x\-

l^Z

J^^

..../-^>^.

Depth

Ul

Z 

0

- H

co

 UJ

2

- ca

< 

m

<

x

OC

 50 £

_ 2 

UJ

- 2

(0

O 

0

tr

Ul

 u.

55

0.

>

0

- o 

oc

- 3

m 

 100 2

oc 

oc

<

I

Mineral

0-40' 

Minor 

celadon, 

1 imonite,

hematite

40 '-80' 

Minor 

celadon

Malachite 

@ 95'. 

80'-160' 

Minor

1 imonite, 

hematite, 

celadon

Color

0-65' 

v pale orng

65'-110'

ylw-gray

110'-135' 

gray-ylw

0-40'. Do

to fg, w/ 

sandy, ca

sand, vfg 

Unit cont

sandy inte

mud, hem

40'-80'. 

dolomitic

qtz sand 

coating s

80 '-160'. 

& silty. 
Hole no.: 494-2R

GR MS D C

f ' ' J » If 1 '

? >'" 

< f

:$ -£

 f 0 40 }

\ ^ 4

i > < 

[ 1 2 / 3 ( i 7>>

Lith

1 I

1 !

..1. |

/t

^

CC2^ 

^-22^,

 - >w»-

/X' 1 XO 

J .... x-»H

.1 7! 

ittr

1^14

ll "'l

i[ x1

i^ i

| A

-1- V

-^L^ w. | A I

'. | *.

1 - U

7^ u

L .' ' f V "*ii

Depth

-

 150 

 200

DC 

 LU

m 

-22

< m ^

i-J ^ 7?f

I

FOSSIL N> MOUNl 

01 , 0 *

(KAIBAB LIMESTONE

Mineral

140'-160' 

Abundant 

celadon

160'-220' 

Minor 

1 imonite, 

hematite, 

goethite 

Abundant 

celadon

220'-250' 

Abundant 

celadon, 

1 imonite, 

hematite, 

goethite

250' -320 A 

V minor 

celadon. 

Minor 

goethite, 

1 imonite

Color

135'-150' 

v pale orng

150'-195' 

ylw-gray

195'-205' 

jgray-orng p

205'-250' 

v pale orng 

to grayishorng

250'-355' 

ylw-gray

Unit is 

limeston

160'-220

silty, s

vfg qtz 

stain; h

flakes & 

220'-250

or dolom

Contains 

250'-320

Contains 

qtz sand 

but pers

coatings 
c

0

 f l

.p

o.

 r 

t_

O

00

CD

Q

t_

O

t 

O

o

rt_

O)

c

 r 

2:

JC

.p

Q.

CD 

0

JC

.p' J

O

Q

a

QC

C5

0

o

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

< _ ^ _ -_}_ __- "~> ~7 ~ ~ - ~r

 L-~--~_-*-~_~-~I-«

^-Aw^x ». >wxvxv/~*A 

^ v v ^' s «»//V/v'V

-

^ .^^/^^V,, ,LfVi.l_l/S"'V_rL. b"> r~ i i i Hi i T^I

i

-P 

C 0

fc 03 co r-»

TD -P CO

C <" "~ ~

3 -P :C CS>

.Q -i- -P

fO -P CO <1)

fC O .p

"->. E CD.r30) toj <u a.

c t- +J

O O -r- O) O)

-P C JC -P O

00 'r | * »r fO

O) E CO -P - 

E 0 (00.

 r- . CD E O)

-JO CO tO *^>. JC

 oo 3 03

- oo *

O <C <1) CO +J

O 4-> -PC in -i- -r- re

1 -P C C TD 

- t_ 0 0 C -

O CO E E 3 O

CM jc T- - .a o

CO O - I (O <?t

CD 1

C JC

t- oo -^

Lf> O T- C

<^ CO fC O

1 1 t_ 1

 fO CD CD LT> a. c

Lf> O SCO > -M O

O CO O) CO O +J CO

^* P***« | j> | * j ^ ^^ £^ | ^

OJ _ CO T- T- -r- <!t (O -r4->Olt-+->Cj= ITDC

 r-CO-OfOO-P -CO

t-coocEEO) O3E

>> cvj T- <u -i- o r-- .a TQ- CS> CO 2£ JC ^ CD CO < r 

0

in

*? \ 1 1 1 I I II II

- !.,_--_«, _ 2- -_<^1 _ - 1-

 "_ "*-< -< < - ~-<_~'9 -~ -~ -"<- 

1- _~ _5f _-<- _ _~ _-«_-« -

f _A - ~ -- . - -. -v

^ - co-

^s / \ AA/^-** w/N--"-/t^"''v*/ \*

v»' «*y «* V

O CM- '

"

CD

+J

 f 

o

^_

fO

o

TD

O)

N

^zz .

^^ _

TJ CD

+J 0

00 Lf>

>> 1

^ 

o o

CO O

t- «!t

o3 fQj

00 4->

f mm ^

 r- CO

oo oo

00 O)

0 t_

U- O.

OJ CO O +J OJ fl>

-M -M O C +J +J

 r -r LO fO T" *r 

+-> J= 1 TD C JC

fC -P - C O 4-> E a> o 3 E a>

co o o .a !- o

JC CD <!t <C r CD

0

o

1 1 1 1 1

- _ < -^c_<_ <_ "" ^~~ <i~- 7 ~~,

- ^ _ _ <_(_<(- 

isf^Ai \ - ' X-

'v /^^ -^N^X\ /

W 1 L 1 * /

V\ i ! '

\; V \l

.-.

o:

CM 

I

A36 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Hole no.: 494-2R

GR MS DC

/ i ' ' ' | x" ' I \ (

cl <

£ < ^X

l < 

t -c 1 V / '

7 Nt> </V

-- -l

3F c

?V 

<

0 40 \ <C

i i i j , /

< /

" % j| i

 *

\3 i /\) <^

1 2*^, 3

i i \ i

^.> sC?S<sy^

%

r i r ^1 ..

^^ii 71 ..

> .._....

Lith

A 1 1

Ix^l A

1 -M

/v I 1

~l U

1 f 1 ? 

TA|

1 I

1 A I-N

A|^l

I 1 A

'xl Al

^1 A

1 l~

1 A 1

/-x| A.

I" 1

Al I

1 ^ 1 A

1. A f~

[ s~-> |

Al ^1

^1 f 1

^1

J A I 

~1 X 1

A \ \ 

~| 1 

/ 1 A 1

|-/|-

/ A 1 ' 

1 / A

1 / 

. | A/.

f 'J , r

LT^-A^

 i / 

r^r '/

 i

A/- f

1 A |^|

A.I !">

^1

^1^1

1 ^ 1 A

i ' r'

f ,

i.^ i.

A I 1

.1.1^

If /A |

A I

i~r

^l i 

y -_L A

Depth

 450

 500

 550

Mineral Color

445'-615'

gray-orng

to pale

vl w hrn

500'-540

Contains 

sand.

540'-575

I"isI
Hole no.: 494-2R Page 5 of 9

GR MS DC

T 1 1 -..I 1 | ^ 1 I ft" 1 T

 i \ -

\ > ^ U : 

> ~> f - 

< I -

S ^ f

^0 40 ,1 1

: > . ' ' * :

/ - / 4 J7 -

-S ^, ^ -

/ ; : ( -4-* h

i 2 > 

/ ^ f 

\ * ! 

< *> {

 ^ < 1 :

Lith

 rrr.rv

A / 1

/ 1 4.1

L±S

'jS^f--:

./ I*

1 A /a

a |

nh^:

i'rrf'Ov 

_EL'.-. ;

 .^rtr

1 a |

1 1 1 a 1 S:.---Q:-.:

Dtv7~7.:

1 a |

La |

a '. '.'.

1 a

 H 1-

. 1 U'-

p7~l

"? 1 1

 -& i^

L l A I a ,

;. :^;a;

a i 1 // |

T /y'i A

Depth

1 i 

i 1 Il

' § !

BER (TOROWEAP FORMATION) i

5 

LU

2

 I

 650 z

< 

 ac

w

Q 

O

0

5

 700

Mineral

Chalcopyrite 

@ 580'

615'-680' 

Abundant 

pyrite. 

Limonite, 

hematite

680'-760' 

Abundant 

hematite, 

1 imonite 

V minor 

pyrite

Color

615'-635' 

It gray

635'-650' 

ylw-gray

650'-665' 

It gray

665'-750' 

gray-orng

575' -615'

ss w/ abu

silty; co

abundant F

contact.

615 '-680'. 

(macroxta

calc, clay

grains, ab

cubes. Lim

& hematite 

Limestone 

minor silts

680 '-760'. 

mudstone (

Contains m

hematite & 

chert.
Hole no.: 494-2R

GR , MS D C

j I i . , v , <

^^> *'

f 5 '

t \ 1 

/ / «»x

 \ i ^

1 ~f *

) ' ~~~

\ """"?

' ) '*» {*

( 0 40 i }

1 ' ' ' / j

r y t

/ *** 4 r

V *X ' V

Y V A * I -} <f '

f 1 2 NN ?

 } ' /

^ y

( \

\ C

V J

- ^ /

I }

\ 7"

3 \

r /

" \ <^ >* ^

s *<~ " 

*

i i

r-==-

V :

^ - >1

/ - I .

* 7

t

l> ~- -

|>i

"

Lith

 "-^-'.". :-'-

A 1 1

f^r;

i i * :- ;'.' .: . a-.-

*f^

 ' .' l". - ....

 .' ' '. . 

1 /~^ 1

^r^r1

i ^^ ' ;.;-«r.;-:-

:. ';. :'-: -.'..

1 ^^

r-.-i-V4^-J

1 ~ 1

1 s~* 1

;.yr^-

/^| 1

1 ^ I

1 /^ 1 1

1 1 s*

1 ^^ 1

1 ^^ 1 1 1

1 " * 1

1 ^^ 1 1 

Depth

-

 T C /\

Zo<z

DCo

~ DL<

 uj

 800 o

DC Ot

DC

Ul

OQ

LLJ 5OZo

 850 Q

oc

OQ

Mineral

760'-870'

Abundant 

limonite,

hematite

Color

~7 cn i O7n i

gray-orng

to mod

ylw-brn

760'-870'

fossil ifer

to fg, sub

grains, s

abundant 

hematite c

2s
Hole no.: 494-2R

GR MS D C

1 ' ' : ' *S ' ' |Y:

: >\ 1

/ -^ 4 i t T 9 , 4P "^ ?

; ' \ }

' 1 O\ Q C .- 1 ?V ? >

\JNDUCED I

/^~~}POL*R\- \ 

f J ZATION (

r

* i / \

! L £ ?> * \. \

I > r I

f mM IM \ \

0 ^ 20 ? C

V I (

( } )

;»

7

$

Dhm-rri

n^oo

N

r * ~

>

ico

(0

UJ -

oc

Lith

.' D. -.':'. 

 ''.. & : 

' U ' '.' ' " 

 : '.- .cf .'. 

- . . F '

 "! ' ': :' 

Depth

 900

9 7

xx

 DC n 

UJ = 

 £0 r~

r iI1CO 

ELIGMAN 01 MEM 

0

(TOROWEAP FORM/

CO

m i- Z

O 

 K 

CO

 1000Q

o£I w

Z

o 

o

- o 

o

Mineral

J975'-985^

-/ / +J J\J *J

Abundant

nx/ri 1" P

limonite |

985'-

1020' 

Abundant

limonite

Color

975'-985' 

n lt gray r

985'-1020'

ylw-gray

870'-975' 

Minor sam

circulatio

A green s

which the 

green is 

gypsum (o

euhedral 

A qtz are

975'-985'

-, Contains 

pyrite; c

to euhedr

& grains 

985'-1020

Contains 

subrnd & 
o:

C\J

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A41
Hole no.: 494-2R

15" Z

(6 >g2

GR 

No sample

See fig. 1

scale, for 
CD

Q.

CL

c

0

c

09

O

3£

>

co

£

0

5

O

0

U '****

c «-"

co " 

DC

W M Qo> *c

"o .-i

£ O) CM

 M «d~

0 ^ ^

 * oo 

CO £

A O O ^ _

 r- O

75 c ^"

o ° r?

°CO 0

>. «* o

£ 00 >

c

o

CL

>r 

£_

0

to

O)

Q

£_ 

O

'o

0

n-

£_

O)

c

 ^-

^-

+J

CL

O)

Q

r:

Q. \ O)

O r-- >> 

<J> O -t-> UJ

O» ***- c

co ^ 

 0 0 =

C 0 *dCO CO CM

-M

O (O <«O O

 Q CM O

O> o

O ro

75 = ^

.-o-M" Ifl 

_J co o en o O

0) C Q. O

1 oC OO O f^

\ -J OB °

^ o: O

W 00 3 «

_ i r^ = D 

.2 * o o

c * > 

a ^ o J

Q. " Z ^0

^ C CM CO ^

CO «

CD "2

_ .. 4J <

° J * O 0

z 1- -i 0

0

^_j

 r 

E

o

'o

TD

K

O)

c

o

to

O)

E

Hi

A

_

S

i

0

en o

> O) -0 -M

 > C -r-

^" ^ t C

O) JD O

-M 3 E

 1- tO TC rO) to

i- C t_ 

fO *r O

fO C 

N -M T-

 M C E

CT O

- ^C_5 >

to

00 C

00 0 Ti fO

- o en en

o c

<»o * en *r 

r-( >, C C

 ^ ^ fC

tr> T- ^ -M

^-i to to to

- t_

tr> en

^ 2

o 'vi

O)

0 -t->

^-1 t_ C

1 O O

- c E

LO T- T- 1-* ^ 

(3NO1S3NH gvaivx) uggi^on snod3disdAO ounssiuuvH

o

in i

 s - 

 s

N~ _\

1 III III 1 1 1 1 1

r1 \ iiiiiiiiiiifis . , ... | .... | ....

». __ co-

 1

[ a3dnvo

^-n_.----uN_J ... ". ^--J^~ L. _

CO

0)

m ^ «fcC O

0 COr £

O)

_/*v" Vxy " ON- A1ISN3<?

y

*

^-

AVH VWWVO fcu

A. «/\ iMAjl A «/ '"'Vs -^ >J\rt i^fl

^\^r^r VA\^r^» ^F^*y***

o

O

1 I 1 si m.

___ _

^

VukWLu. «v^YVX/^py^ AiAx * j

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A43
Hole no.: 494-3R

31

GR D (

- ^r i i i j > i i i

-sT ' {

> \ 1 X ^ ;

 > t <

r x^

V - '

^S " ""*"""

~ ^v '

 *^=_ 1 2 I 3

^*»- ^»

1*JI_ "}

:>- f

j?" ^ ^

- ^_ >

^^^ ' C

-^T k>

<-**~^ \' ^^ /

£ XN

X f

^ ^ ____ ^_ ^

_^^* ^ ^

 T^*" '{

^ /

" I \

% l - L"-: i - 81

3 ~i

Lith

r~:':'y

' ' 

 ^' i

". ". ^ ~v

1 1 -

:' :--L~1^-

Mi^

 . . LI-

^ :' ; ':' i:':'^!:v

' .r^~

: ;' :.'. .' 

T^-'r^T;

-!_...__

... ...

1 1 //

' 1' i A

11 1

I// 1

A i

// I 1

Depth :~

 150 -

 200 -

<cOU

-

1 

Mineral

160'-165'

Sparse 

Mn oxide,

hematite?

165'-230'

Minor

limonite

J9-3n' -?4n'lMinor

1 imonite,

Iv minor \

[hematite [

Color

115'-175' 

v pale orng 

to grayishorng

-.UB'-ISO 1 r 

|lt gray |

180'-235'

dk ylw-orng

ooc 1 ICC 1

gray-orng

oca i onn '

ywT-gray

160'-165

vfg, lime

dendritic 

coatings.

165' -230

silty, v 

230'-240

Contains 

240 '-320

qtz aren

contains 

gypsum as 

Chert.
ro

O

DC 

O

I

CO

V/°

x^ 

. . - -^ kT ^ ^ 

-00

. . 1 , , 1 , . 

~ r ^ fr "~ ^ s »_ ~ _ , 

_ ^ _ ^^ ^ ^ 

"~"^ ~"^ " ^"" 1 P 1^^ ~ " ~~ "" ^ ~~ 

CO J. 

° o 

-

\> v 

CO

,,,!., . 

g§fcf

X^-^

fc * 

w 

O

°

_ 

^x-^-*-

, , 

3:

1

LIMESTONE) (KAIBAB MEMBER MOUNTAIN FOSSIL 

2' U3 

-J- -" O 

3 3 n> 

O O ft- 

~J 3 3" 

J. «J. 

ri- riro n> 

< ri- O 

0 -J 

-a 3 

0> T^ C\ I 

' O> 

n> ' 

n>

o-j

aa n o 

O 3 O 

CD CD C+ 

d- -J O) 

13" <~h *^" 

-j- n> 

ri- a. 

n> oo -j 

2 0j 

O O> ' 

O' 

O) ' X 

c~^ * c~^ 

-J. O) 

3 < ' 

tQ 00 

to Q. 

^" fo3 

BO

C7 CO 

<' CO 

C CD 

' (T> - 

r+ » 

Of 

-J

OJ

* <

CO

ro

o

i

^k

00

o

ro

o

i

_p»

C^i

en

CO

ro

0

i

r^

00

o

1 

ll 

3

(TJ

to

1 Cl

O

^

(TJ

f)

O

3

1 Cl

Q>

-J3

to

ro i 

0 3* 

- o 

1 3 

OJ -J. 

ro nCD n> 

ro to co < 

10 -j o 

o a> CD 

^< c+ 

1 1 1 CO O CO 03 

-jo ro -j 

CD 3 CD O) 

10 - *< 

O) i 

-h -* 

n> n> 

-J 00 

-a o 

*< 3 

-j n> 

j. _ 

ri- ^53 

(TJ

ro

-J. 00 

3 O 

3 

a>

o

o

X

QJ

J 

£J"5 fQj 

0

n> ro 

ri- oo 

3- O 

j« 

ftn>

o oo 

0 3 

CD Q> 

r+ ' 

3" ' 

_j.

el" . ,

n> o 

-o co 

to

c 3 

n> 3 

Q. »-' 

3

O O" 

O' 

-J 0) 

"O O 

3" 7T 

00 w 

-a o 

-j c 

CD O" 

00 _i. 

n> o 

3

ri- X 

ft0> Q) 

00 i 

00

o

3

o

n> 

 a

3-

2

3

n>-j

i _ 

0

o

o-J

o

n>

to

o-j

T3

_j.

O

3
c

o

 p4_3

Q.

 p-

£_

U

to

OJ

Q

t_

O

p 

o

C_5

p 

'O

t_

OJ

c

 ps:

CL

Q

£

 '

O

Q

DC

CD

^^ fO

CO t_ «3- en

i

_ 4->

in P 

^o

«a- >

O 

U)

III 1 1

~^~ ~<~ ~_4~~_«

"_-fl_-< -1 ~-5_-_<- -_ -<

^ JV_^^

<

_ <

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2" wi

cn .

U C 4->

4-> 4-> C

 r- (0 3

E 0

O O <4 

c O

O <U a -a -

 p- m

A x

CU O L.

c cu

0 c 5

4-> s: o

to i <i> o

E T- c

 P- 4-> T-

_ 1 .pI- to

 ~o cn

- C T3

in o> t_

CTl T3 <4-

«^^

1 t- 4->

 O t

o c <u

CO -r- .C

«* E 0

in cn

CTi *^~ i %

| r 

H

O T3

CO GJ st- E

in <u

CT» T3 *^h *p~

1 X

- o

o

CO C

 si- s:

_ s _ .

\- -<N

N -x-

* '

V -

A^JVW

(/)

<1J

p 

Q.

E

(0

t/>

o

_

m

0

in

i

_

in

CTi "*

O

0

r

i

A

Wl/V^jju

(fl 13

 P- C 

<u c -

4-> i o in

c cn-o in

 i gj a> i

".4_> 4- £ -

 4-3 -p- O fO O

t/> t_ c 4-> <£> to <u o to o m

^: E ^ o

oS O -P- Q. C&

p- t- C

(U (fl O <O 

c c: os E t3

0 -P- 0 >> -P4-3 fC OJ "O -Q "O

t/) 4_> 4_i 23

<L> C -p- <U T3 C

E O 4J to <U -i 

 P- U (O Q. 4->

 IE <O E

o3 <U t/) O E

 .C *O C

- U =3 OO

O 'P- 4J QJ t CD

P^ 4J C 4-> 4J O

in 'i- 03 t/> -pi E T3 c ^: in

 O C T- 4-> OJ CL)

in c ^ (o <u -Q .a

O O ^3 4-^ O =3 =3 in ^o 'O t/) c3 o o

o >> i.n

IO (O CO C

in (~ in t_ i cn i .a

i

in s o T3

O P~ ^O O

in >, m E

o 4-J <u aj in <u

P^ C 4-J 4-> ^O 4->

in ns -i- -r- in T1 T3 4-> C 1C

- C «3 O - 4->

in 13 E E o <u

O /"> <1J 'r ^O O

in < c P- in cs

(NOIlVlrNUOd dVBMOUOl)

H3aiN3W HONVb g SdOOM

1 1 1 1 1 1

<_ S S ! N :^'^ S ~^V<^ ?;;|::s^i N

~x - < \~l-^f-::.- - < ';^ '.'; N ^ :J'.:T'-.' "-: "'"

i , P , I p , , I

coL A

 i 1 i i X^^VS/IV^-A

^

a:

ooi

o

DC

A46 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Hole no.: 494-3R

GR

Lith Depth Mineral Color 

8

600

585'-640' 

v It gray

570'-615'

Contains 

ITT:

T777>

650

640'-665' 

med It gray

615'-665'

ss, calc. 

except in 

above unit

lower 1/ °

 9 9--

665'-715'

-700

/ r I

[715'-720' 

pale brn

I715'-720'. 

slightly 

720'-725'. 
Breccia Pipesin Northern Arizona

Hole no.: 494-3R 

GR MS DC

"3^ 5 ' i f v 

: > "" <? 1 "

^^ 1 2 ^ 3 ~k

-^L_ «' ^

- _^L 9 40 <x 4 r" 8-

*^~~~':=a~ "' U~~"* r

; *S^_ / ?

 *=^"__"--. ^-""""^ V

- r^ " } ?

£ ' **> c

^r1 ". t^ ^

*T *> 1

^-^_ ^ <

^^^ j £

f > ^-"""" ^=a

Lith

i |

 '.-' '.'I- '::': 

1 1

1

1 1

^^+1

I

J 1

1 1

 1 L

. 1 :- -. :

1 1

1 1 1 t

1 1

1 I

i

1 1 > 1

Depth

i 1

RMATION)

O 

 750 t

Ul 

O

o: 

O

1 '

>N MEMBER

u- w» 

 800 ^

0 

 0

oc 

m

9 9

" ¥«»

 Z

£ 2

s ^

 Ul 2 

^E "C

 o

u. 

 850 o.

2 S

3 O ui t

co ^

Mineral

1 725'-730'r 

(Hematite |

740'-750' 

Hematite

765'-775' 

Hematite

795'-800'

1 Hematite \

815'-825' 

Hematite

830'-835' 

|Hematite[

1

840 '-87 5' 

Hematite

Color

,725'-730 l r 

|pale brn |

740'-750' 

pale brn

765'-775' 

It brn

795'-800'

mod orngpink

815'-825' 

It brn

830 '-835' 

It brn 1

/

840 '-875' 

It brn

-,725 I -730 I . 

Lchips are 

730'-740'. 

740'-750'. 

750'-765'. 

765'-775'. 

775'-795'. 

795 '-800'. 

800'-815' . 

815'-825'. 

J 825 '-830'. 

830'-835'. 

1 more abund

1 835 '-840'. 

840'-875'. 

calc, vfg 

contains h
Hole no.: 494-3R & 3C

GR MS D C

Lith Depth Mineral Color & D

y

900

 950

 1000

875'-1014'. No samples

Description from core 

See 

idescrip

jl014'-1016'. Siltstone

gray, mod well-sorted, 
Q. 

U

Q

O C

p- O

O U E

0 3 -p- O i 

<L>

 C- C

 a ^-P-

(!) -O 03

C X C .C

<l> O O 00

at 4->

<i> c t/> o

0) -pt- 4-) Q. a 

a> a> 

u co

oS "O

a> Q. .c

4-> t- U

OJ

S

o 

a

- a) <£> tp-l 03

o

i <u u

- en as

rH (O C

o .c o

i I O U

o _Q

c

c 

> 3

0) t/>

p- I

OJ

r-l C 4->

o - " t_ c

4-> O O 3

m i

a

Q.'

o a.

4-»

Z3 ^* 

O

SZ T3 

CD <L) 

3 E 

O

>> >»

 a.

o

4->

<1) C

> -p- ^r t_

 P- O3 4-J O3

t/> C

03 O

E O

<U 3 

4-J CD

4->

C C

Q) -i4-> O

l^ to

O pEE 'O

O 4->

E c

OJ

 * E

03 U 

t_ | 

CDi 

4-> OJ

Q-'i-

"O O 

<U 4->

4->

03 i 

C 03 P- U

<U tl

 P- Q. 

T3 t/>

p- OJ O

03 . p- 03

> O. 03 4-> i- LO a. c

a> <u o

4-> T3 O

C « OJ

 p- a) N a.

	03 -P- t_

OJ C. "O O3

i -p- -r- SZ

 p- E X oo

t/1 <O O

to i 

>> o ai

>» c

4->

T3 T- 

<L> C- pl£

U 4-> - CD

a~> c

 > oo o

03 t I i 

 « 0 S:

JD *p~ O3 O *^" t/) O

a> t_ o -r- oo c r 

^3 Q. O 4-> r-1 i .Q

O CVJ >^ 

r-l i I Q3TVHS

o 

o

o 

o

o 

m

<\l

I

00-

00

CM

A50 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
494-3C

Lith

a 

a

g_ __ 

_ . Pa 

a 

a

a 

. Q ___... 

a 

a.'l^ 

a 

n

_..._a.. D

... ...

.. ...

... ..

.. ....

- - -'

;'a .: ;\a.-

 iv .' : . . 

:: :. -a :-:'. a

a 

a

a . '"a . 

__ n u "

., ..

... .. a

Depth

-

 1200 -

 1250

 1300

Mineral

1260' - 

1271' 

Limonitejf 

n v r i t p

1271' -

1291' 

]Pyrite f

Color & D

1215'-1230'. Siltstone

brn, mainly massive to 

cemented. Contains sc

spots [elliptical- up 

T@1220'^& in irregular 

1230'-1252'. Siltstone

dk red-brn, mottled st

v thin clay lams to ma

irregular, It gray red

J 1252'-1260'. Siltstone 

oxidized, mod red-brn, 

well -cemented, homogen

1260'-1271'. SS, v vfg

mod well-srtd, limonit

fissile). Color contac

reduct contacts. Scatt

patches, blebs, & vein

w/ pyrite. Sharp conta

1271'-1291'. Siltstone 

gray, mod well-sorted, 

wel 1 -cemented; contain

patches, blebs & veins 

Description of 1291' 
c

0

 p4_)

Q.

 PC_

O

to

OJ

o

oS

c_

o

r 

0

o

p 

ro

c_

OJ

c

 ps:

XT

Q.

OJ

O

C

_J

p..

P 

ro

C

OJ

01

2

OJ

JO

00

4_>

0

ro

40

C

o

o

Q.

C_

(O

r:

00

 a

OJ

^

c

 P4->

C

o

u

cn

o

en

ro

Q3

C

r"

a

J2

U

4-

C

)

J

i

1

J

5

oS

>)

ro

c_

en

!__< P 

*

to

to

en 'i

>

>

0

Ol

c

o

to

4_)

p 

 p00

_

Lf>

<y,

OJ

rH

1

.

rH

CM

OJ

 c

4-

E

<_

rra

3

a

>

(/

y

rc

E

 c

4-

C.

(/

r 

r 

a

3

 c

c

E

c

c

c.

c

ai 

a

I

> 0"

E 4-

) 0

ro

- 4->

- C

J C

: o

** c.

J ^

 -c

 o

1 C_ 1 "V.

3 "C

: TX

« C

3

> Q

. C.

1 rc

£

- tr

J O

: c.

rc

3

> tr

E 0

D

 > C

n rc

: £

- c

>

c_

J C - r 

3 C

o3

to

JO

Ol P 

i^

C

 pro

 4_)

C

O

u

to

L C

o

 P*

4J

a

Ol

to

ro5

t_

en

D

4-)

T3Ol

a

3

 a

Ol

Ol

I_

ro

00

C

0

4_)

U

OJ

 a

X

o

OJ

 p.

t_

It

^s. 3:

 a

P_

 P-

<tto

4J

OJ

P_

C

Ol

rH Q.O Q: >

1

! |

CM

OJ

rH

" 

«

Lf

O

O.

rm 

\ 

O

4-

1 -pt C.

J >

n

Co

c

1 "

OJ

T3

 PX

O

c

H a. E s

I

O

 o<u !S

 P" *

X >,

O ro

£_

c cn

21

<4 i~~

O

CO T3

JO (U a) a

P ^3

-Q "O

0)

(- t_

o

c >

 r- 0)

E c

O

3 to

0) i 

4-> T-

 p- 00

U

^*> *

Qup^

M- C^

o oj

rH

-a i

 pO Lf>

> C^

0) OJ

T3 rH

o

z.

>^ 4_)

 r-

,__

 r*

to

to

 r-

<4 

>.

>

ro

2

»^

2

^H.^

to

O

-Q 

3 4->

4-> C

OJ

g

iro

O Q.

2 Q.

v,^- ro

"O to

Ol <L) 4-» -a

JO 4 

L. r 

3 3

4-> 00

1

O

OJ

oo

rH

o

c

£_

J3

1 a

CT3

g

«

 a

X

0

Ol

u.

ft

Ol

c

0

to

l_j

r_

 rOO

.

_

O

OJ

,_!

1 M

p^

c^

001 1

^

p^

oo

oo

rH

o

T3

E

u

1

p^

Ot

2

>»

c

*p.

ro

E

«

T3

Cto

1

p_

OJ

2

 a

o

E

m

c.

Co

1 a

Ol

c_

\^ a

o>

4-) P*

C-

^K

Q.

CD

C 

 a u

 a

OJ C. xi a~

o> c > 1-

.p.

to £

ro

E a

 »\ -p

en o

C 0

 r- n

c E

ro

4-) o

to E

n

 a i0)

4J :

4-> ri

O "

gz

x.

 « 3

 a

4-> a

E -

a T

0

>> °

i *p

C- <4-

O

o c

a. 4-

N

- cr

~> >»

r 

j CE ro

3 E

£_

: Q.

 «\

j -->

> 

- Lf>

0 rH

0 OO

3 rH

= |

,^M

^«

0 rH

= 00

3 rH

*> 0)

> p~

3 TE 00

CO

x. *r*

E 4-

J >

 o3

0

^ >>

- Ol

ro

3 i 

 > U

C

 r 

E

o>

3

a

ro

a

o

Jx! a

Ol

o

ro

C4_)

A

to

c

,pro

Ccn

fO

a

 r 

E

3~S

O

rH

_fn

to

C

 r-

(O

£_

CD

 a

O 1

E 03 r=

n O) <4 

>5 >, 2 0

ro r co

t_ ro to

en jz 14- -a

i/) O O

4-> a.

i « tO

 0 4-) r-

> 4-> 0) rE r- ro

» 0 C E

 a i T- to

O i Ol

a i > >

3 0)

 a 2 c i 

t- «c c

0) 4-» O

A ^ >r*

Ol -i > tO

C to ro

O to > O

4-* ro - O

to E Lf> O

i «O .*

 p- 0

00 E t- O

O 0) 00

 Si 2 oo

O rH

r*. or (2;

oo -a

OO 4-> C >

rH t- T- ro

1 tO i 

i >> a

o i -a

oj i c cr

00 0) ro C

rH 2 tO T-

^o

3

0

CD

3

O

Cr4->

 a

0)

COJ

4_>

^_>

ro

U

to

Ol

4-*

tl

>.

a.

01

N

 Pto

^o

p 

 p.

to

oes

Ol

^o

.p.

£_

>.

Q.

i >

-a 01

t_ -pto

 a to

O T- E<+-

« 0

 a 4->

N Ol

 r- >

 a T-

 p- 00

X to

O ro

E

Ol

p 

 > c

Q) TC ro

O E

^o

to *

4-> C

i t_

 p- XI

00 1

 a

« o>

- C- 1 1

oj j*:

<d- T3

rH

1 O

~ 4-^

r«x

00 C

OO i.

tO 3

C ft

 p- C.

ro C

40

C 4- O rO

C.

 t

^ Xp-

- ~

rH C

o a «d- t.

rH L

1 *r-

<d- c

CM 4-

OO

rH rrt

C2; t.

 r-

. C.

a. a

tO £

Ol C

 x t/

T3 T

a) a

t_ c.

3 a

4-> 4-

0 4-

ro rt

t_ c.

 »

3

T)

» "

I

A

3

3

TV

;

_ r

3 

>

3

)

]

L >

3

J

J

J

j

3 

;

rH JO <4- CO

to

Ol C

13 TO" ra

ro U

a. o

o

ra

*: u

a TE

t 

O *5

C!

O> i i

ro +

C

p- «

E to

ro C

 ~ 'p 

ro

C C- r- a

c

t-J N

4^

> 0

 * 3*

tO r 

l-> C

O !-

CL rc

to E

c 

O to

r- i 

|_> rO

a t_

3 0)

3 C

2

» Q)

(4 

ro

to -I, 

ro

£_

Ol

4J

C

, >P-

>,

1 i 

ro

* J3

to

 A

to

c_

O)

c

'i

Ol

cr

ro

a.

o

\y a

Ol

u

ro

C- £ 'i 4->

OJ

t/i

E

ro

>

>

fO

3

>

r a

i

 -,

2

^

OrC

4-!

4-

4-

?~m

ro

c_O1 >

o

t/1

c

4-

'

 1

^

1

r

 > ^

J

<<

r

.

f»

-

c

c

f

r

C

c

c

r

cn

c

rC

i 

to

P

LO

a

O)

p

P

o

E

i 

O

LO

fO

>

CO)

p

c

r"

 A

 X

\J

»

O

 1

1

0

X) * >

 1 O CPj

O

O

O

CO

1

o| a

1°:

1

a i

0' : d

|

T1 1

1 ' ' 

I

o| a

: :«

0;

|

3

;a

|

di:

|

H :

|

U)

CO

T"

1 1 1

: ; |

1 ' 

 ___ 1 

0

9

1 1 1 1

: i |

: : i | :

|

: 1

';

*

1

T

r1 1

1 :

1

j

: 1

|

C_5 

OO

A52 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Appendix 4. Lithologic and geophysical logs for hole 4R and 4C, Mohawk Can

Hole no.: 494-4R & 4C Date: 8/11/84

T.: 32N R.: 7W Section: 26 County: Coconino State: AZ

Lat: 36 0 07'30" Long: 113 0 00'24" Elev: 6345' ID: 1008' PD: 948'

GAMMA RAY eU 3O e pet 

30 0.005

^' ' '. ' ^

 ^ ' "l

 ^^ : 4<s

- ^> : '

X ' ^ g/cm

:T! : / 

'(i :i

:j U ?(

f : ^ )

*T }v> '

/ : -u. cgs 'v 

^ : units / 

- $ 9 ': 40 \

£ i !

 ^J'

>

-

^

, inches - 

7

'DC

0

j :

)

Lith

 ^^r

'd-'-^-r'-

' \ / A

^4r.;c,.;

/^ 1 :^--}

;.'' - D-.'

 '-*-; ' ':': 

 '-: ; d--

X$

.' '-'-Q-.

Depth

z

o

CO

~ UJ

_ s

i (KAIBAB

5O m

~~ UJ

1 III

.i O 0

3ISBURG GYPSIFEROUS M

DC

X

Mineral

0-20'

Abundant

limonite, 

minor

] pyrite

20'-155' 

Goethite, 

hematite; 

minor 

limonite, 

pyrite & 

celadon

Color

0-20 '

v It gray

20'-25' 

ilt gray r

25'-120' 

It gray to 

v pale orng

0-20'. SS 

fg to vfg; 

subrnd gra

dolomitic. 

abundant y

frags; & m

20'-155'. 

slightly c

subang gra

grains sca

@ 130'-160

mod grn ce

silt size 
o: <di «acn

c

o

 r 

4_}

Q.

 r 

C_

o

(/>

CU

0

to

^ 

o

C_3

r 

oj

c.

CU

c

 r 

s:

c

Q.

CU

Q

sz

o

G

Cfl

«

d

CD

C

- 1_ |

Lf> O Lf> 2

«^- Lf> r 

< 1 CU " >>

1 i 1

03 - CU

O Q, Lf> c 

CM «^- <TJ

t 1 > * * Q.

O

in

III!

lilt! r V i i |

/U I__^AA__,~/

oo-

\f x~\

- V CMT- -

^AvAArV'

 > 1 

O 4->

« i O

(O to T en

U C to CM

 r 

* fO L_ CZ O

CO 4-> O t- 4->

00 C C CD

O T tO

t_ 0 E 13 CU

O O CO

c - co E c

 i- U C CU

E - .r- £_ , 

4-> (O O

--^ - 4-> 'C >,

2 £- C -r- 03

0 O E i 

<« -r- O O

_1 E

4-> CU O

 to -i- 4-> -r-

- -i- C «- 4->

Lf> ^3 I- -pCO U) >) C

OO _l Q. O

1 4-> T3

. I_ 0) 03

Lf> CD CU N i 

Lf> *4 f »p- (U

< 1 > O (^ O

L i 

 1

o en

^o c

1 1 t1 O

31 - J*

C Lf> T3 C

t- Lf> O <-

2. ^ E °-

LO

CO

OO

1 t_

- o

IT) C

LO -

I-t s

1 1

-l^l&ll'

KAA!

y'^^'X/'N..

** "%«../

/W /I A,

V TV VVKw-'

i

 r 

O3

^_>

CO

>^

t_

O

0)

t_

4-

O

to

CU

c

o

N

4_>

C

<o

13

C

3

^

<c

0

LO

CM

1

0

1 1

CU

4->

t.

>

a

X

^

^

CU 

- -i CU O >> LO

ca o .c t- i LO«

Cn 4-> CU O 4-> CM t_

C i i CU JC -^ JZtoO

 r O * ^ CD fPj CO r^

CD CS) CD 4J T CU O

<U "^. t- i i CU' O

J3 CO CU CU r- V> >

C 4-> .C <O O CU C

C -r- -r- 0 E CU ^3 -0 -rO CD 4«) co .Q 03

 r CU 03 CU O >>

4->.QEC>« OC4->-5^

O3 CU 4-> to 4-J O3 i 

NE-CCC ^C0-p-

 i 3 <4- -r O CO4->t-E

4-> CO L. O fO "r" t. O3

 r-Q-O4->tO O3T3CUCU

S>>CCUCr3 <L)CUQ.tOCTlT-EOi Q.CQ.O

. SOOU Q.'i-<OE

O t- CO C O3 O3

T3 O O -r- t_4Jo3

C - 4-J CU CD to2S ! LO CT> *s C 1 CU 4->

SOCCOt- Ot-jCC

CCM-i-t_O3 4-JCUO<O

O«ICfO13 COCOT3

 ^-- i-cu eut-oc

4_J O O O3 d.*-"^ E *O to 3

O3I^-O4->Q-E -i Oi .Q

N < 1 CXI CO <O E _IO<C<C

* 

1

21 02

i CU (O i 

>> 3 exi >»

1 CU I

>s JD 4-> - CU CT

03-i- O t C

t_ O .C LO O3 t_

CD4J 2 CM Q. O

LO cu a> o

o 4-> 4-J cn c

CXI !- !- CM O

1 t_ 4-> ^ 1 t_ 13

- O rt3 4-> - O O3

O C E CU LO C i 

O T- CU O LO -i- CU cxi s: .c CD i i s: o

O O C"

o in _

cvi cj °"

1 1

f;!&x-^_^-^x:--i;; ^_7y^-v^

 ^ s -l u ~1: ON x- :; - 4 \-'JD ?

1 1 ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' '

-^ -^^~~^\

H

** ^^ \s \y v y^ ^* *^ ^^^*

^^

. \

j\jj\/\0 M ft>uJ

^^^ \^~M*sJ , WV'^^^

A54 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
Hole no.: 494-4R

GR MS DC

, , , y ,

. C X

f 1

 * ». t

^* X

. £ *

^^ 1 23

> i ' j '

. J .''

^ V

. *^ S

^ ^

i ;> t_l

:i

 !_ _ >

^f * i ' s^ i i

*» **-

 T /

i i

 5 **

*^ j

^t j

^^ ^

~^T x^

C ^"^ <

^ ^""^ """

 «tf"^ v""*~»

^^ ^

 S 0 40 >

 *> ' ^

^ I

>1 *

 > l

^^ ' %

1 1

L^.

i 7

u -

\

^»

r :

Lith

a \ A i

1 a |

1 ///

A| 1

1 ~|a|

 A-> ' ' ' 

al ///

-1

/ A

J D \

I/ .

// 1

/ a

 L. L 

a

/ IA

.':'.' ' *-: :' 

/

\ ///

\ ° \

1 1

a| I

1 / A

/a 1

1, ,

1 // }

1 a/I

'l h /

A \ \

/ a

1 1

a 1

1 A |

1 O/ //|

41 ID

 . ! . '.' 

1 * 1

/ 1

.1 .* 1

I //I 

Al - 4--

J-r- ^-Y,

*~* \

^M 1 ¥t i -^ i

Depth

 300

ai

z

O

H

CO

\u

^

m

^

m

^

^x

<-»

DC

350 ^

S

UJ

S

Z

^

H

Z

O

S

-J

0}

o>

O

u.

 400

-

Mineral

315' -320 'j

Minor ["

azurite J

385'-390|

Abundant L

1 imonite

390'-570'

Abundant 

goethite,

minor

1 imonite

Color

260 '-300'

\/ pale orng

300 '-350'

white

350'-400'

y pale orng

400'-475'

pale ylworng

Small, mi

320'.

Recrystal

rhombohed

ra ssn'-SSB 

VJ* *J*J\J *J*J-

J385'-390'

Contains a

390 '-570'

Contains m

part of in

euhedral 

gypsum; a

minor 1 im

si Itstone 

£

Mohawk C
Hole no.: 494-4R

6*

-a 

1

GR M!

Lith Depth Mineral Color 

2

40

S

450

i r

500

485'-490' 

Abundant 

goethite, 

limonite

475'-555' 

It brn

Goethite & 

abundance 

Limonite is 

goethite is 

(could be 

i i

17*1.

550

555'-655' 

gray-orng
Hole no.: 494-4R

Lith Depth Mineral Color 

6* 

§.

_LZ

k

570'-655' 

Minor 

goethite, 

1imonite

570'-655'. 

silty. Con

minor goet

1imonite s

V, .1 I 600

i / >

TTT

650

,-' b ' : -' 

':^H^--:l 700

cv

655'-725' 

Pyrite, 

minor 

1imonite

655'-725' 

It gray

655'-725'. 

v silty. C

subrnd, fr

(+ 1-3%) a

chunks, & 

minor 1imo

> * Ul
4->

cr >

fO 4J

 a tc a)

rs .c

o o

>> « cr

4J QJ ! 

r- C (T3

 r- O 4->

(/) 4-) (/)

to

 » QJ QJ

CT> E 4->

> r- cr 

o

oo o -Ioo c < E

 E °3 «/>

O tO QJ >>

vo cr 4-> CT)

I IT3 C £_

- 4-> 4-> O

to cr QJ cr

CM O O -rQJ 4-J

C QJ

o o

P CT>

to

r- P CT

oo QJ TO

 VJ tO

O to QJ

co cr P

i to cr

- 4-> O

o cr E

VO O -ro 

vo

LO 

OJ

O

o

00I 

o

00

to

00 -r00 

0)

 cr to

QJ O C 

C 4-> -Io to ro

tO i C

j^ >f Q 

r- 00 O

tO 4->

VJ !-

o?5 i C 

(T3 =3 

00 VJ 

00 

 > o

- 4-> (T3

tn i o

LO -r00 tO >

«-a

O CT> C

O *»- IT3

CO > tO

cr t_

rs QJ

.a ^=

(0 VJ

a.

E

o 

o

t I

I

LO

CO

o

CO

I £_ 

- 12

OJ 4->

LO 5

CO r 

00 >> 

- 0) CT)

O r CT 

00 TO S- r^ CL o

LO O

LO I

00 5

00

O 4-> QJ QJ

vo cr 4-s 4-J

i -a .c c

- cr 4-> o

LO rs QJ E

OJ -Q O -r-

^*- ^C CT)^ 

O QJ QJ

CO 4-> 4-S

i .c cr

- 4-» O

O QJ E

VO O -I 

r^ CJ3 rO 4-> QJ QJ

O CT 4-> 4->

CO (O -I- -ii -a .c cr

- cr 4-> o

o rs QJ E

co .a o -

LO 4-> QJ

LO CT 4->

co fo -I 

i -a c

o rs QJ

o .a o

CO ^C CT)

dV3MOd01) NOANVO AQVU9

 P

Q. 

QJ

Q

O 

10

! 1

^h'o '--' '; 

.1 I ; v,..] li

A58 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
c

o

 r4->

Q.

 ^

£_

O

to

(U

a

oQ

t_

o

^ 

o

o

m

>j

Cn

o

r 

(T3

L.

QJ

C

 rS

P 

Q. 

QJ

a

p

O

Q

CO

2

DC

O

00

o

ot 1

1

t 1

o

o

r 1

COj

to

QJ i -

Q.

E

(T3

 to

to

QJ QJ

r c

Q. O

E 0

(T3

co E

o

0 tZ 4 

 C

0

T t ! 

O P

O Q.

t 1 ! 

| {_

O

LO tO in QJ

oo a

 c

Q

0) 4-

r- t.

T3 C

Q. </

> fo "a

P 3

cm:

c c

t- E

o

1 >> t/

IT3 C

t- -rCn (T

C.

 > C

73

 r" h«

X 4-

O C

 * T:

co c

co t.

r

73 I

QJ U

4_»

(T3

 r- T

o a

0 4-

QJ (j

t- C

CO t

4-

 -»

ro 3

o

o c

t 1 4-

1

r-H C

O C

O f.

 >"" -»

J 3=

) 7

> 73

. 0) to

> P C

) cr -i- 4

0) ro -i

 E 4->

- QJ C

J O O

: i o

r 

3 i 

) QJ --^

E 3: OJ 

4->

 > > ! '

 > to E

: E O ^

- (T3 i 

3 r- O

73

n >, ^ Q- >> j to i ^

> *r O

r 5 -rto

3 73 tO .

: OJ o

- t- Q.

3 QJ ^--

3 P

 > p 4J 

<O C

* O QJ

3 CO E e

J QJ

i O O

i P ^

3 0 

- QJ r-

- > IT3

 r- O

-, to

S tO >,r

(T3 rT> E 4-> -1

.C

>*> Cn

n, - >^ i

DP i 

: co to

- O J

* o

3 4->

11

_ , 

1) (T3 -

J O OJ

-> ! 

T3 t- {_

J QJ QJ

/> S= 5

Q. O

.». co i 

31

C »3 c

C *

-co 

T3 p a.

-J QJ tO

/> i QJ

C

1) !- »

_> QJ a

- > c

-» o

 o > , 

= co

U -* E

coo

QJ

- 0-00

O CO

C O

r- CO P

EE T3

a.

« OJ =3

P

D -r- CO

J C QJ

- P i 

C QJ =3

O O T3

E C7> O

r- C

 4->

C Cp QJ (T3

C P i 

ro to Z3

O -r- CT

C CO QJ

13 £ £ 

Q QJ tt-H O E > T3 Q.-I-

>i </

r !-

OJ C

-i^ 4-

 a

s.

QJ C

t_ 4-

01 a

3: £.

toQJ -

r- Lf

3

T3 r^

o c

c c

r 

, .

IT3

0

 r- 

£_ 0-

QJ C

.C C

Q.tto

T,!

C t.

(T3 4-

tO Q

\x t.

0 C

QJ L

Q. to c

r

QJ 4-

P

 r- C

SI 'IP

QJ o

O IT

QJ Q

CO 4-

QJ -i-

.c t.

P >

 in

~ 

> OJ

o

J O

. 1 1

)

- GJ

J

1 4->

to

» rafH.

^ 0

> QJ

5 C

J O

 1 4->

to

P

 r 

) to

3

3 T3

H C

L.

E 0

> =3

. (/

 

J ' 

- 73

> QJ

; N., 

J 73

J X

o

: to

ro

 ) S

3

r 

n rc

J >

j t_

- QJ

. P

-, C

v_^ Ql'i 

c

4^-

rt

L.

C

4-

T

C

e

T

Q

t.

T

Q

£.

 O

3: o

o

i T

QJ a

» n

P -r

 r" t

C t

zj a

L

^^^ Q

5

P -

o u

IT3 P r~

c c

o c

O ra_-

£_ r*

«3 C

c c

00 i-

*

J173

- E

» «3

n

^ >

3 Q

. to

r> «r 

3:

)

- 0

p

3

J QJ

E >

>r-

 > to

3 CO

J IT3

J E

3

3 

J CO

^ f 

.r_

» ra

1 £-

i a

3 N

j P

J £_

3 fO

J 0

J

L) 73

. C

3 £_

O

 Z3

to )

 

^ 73

3 QJ

3 P

H to

O

t_

3

3 ^

-i S

4 O

o to to

 p

^S <O "O tO QJ in QJ »o c

 > E - O

j 0 tO p Op

.p c rs c to -

 r- O -r- 73 :

Q. <O C CD Z3

Z3 P cn 4-> c E t

C Z3 C O t

QJ O O 13 i CD

J2 O £- 73 C C

c c E <a 4-

>, P 3 o 12 :

(T3 -Q 13

E P QJ (T3 LT> tO

C p C

CO QJ -r- .O > 4

cn E £- Q-P >^-r

Z3 QJ >> tO (T3 i

> O CL QJ Q. £_ :

» v _ * ^3 Q1)

o QJ oc :

>>i N tO QJ S

CT> (T3 -i- > QJ > C

cn o to to c -r- :

rs c i P o i 

) > OP 0) P O -

C i i IT3 0

>> -r- C CL 4_S v.

r- ^^ tO !- r 

4-> 2 0) 73

C > QJ T3 C

CnT3 73 73 QJ t

 i- P QJ >s C S- <

r- C 4-> Q- =3 QJ rto E tJ to o P

0 C T- £_ p S

 > 1 ! S -Q T3 C

73 r- E Z3 0

QJ i QJ C </» tO *:

4J QJ tO -rt. 3: to c «x-^ <

> O -r- P >> I 4

(/) n 73 P ^ _ ^

1 --^ C i f

r- _* P -r- -i- ..

r O C CO QJ

QJ O (T3 QJ 73 I

3: J- T3 P « rs 4

C -P- >> I

T3 QJ 3 £- (T3 O f

. O -C O >*> ^- C rE P T3 O. Cn 'r 

c

1 !- t-H

.c

to QJ E <1>

 r- 12 =3 E

±t >> O

c to o oo

 r- E ' ' ^J

-, Q.« ' V -r-

» s ^ C

*~* x .*: re

o oo -i to o cn

0 ^-^ t_ CO £-

4-> T- £_ O

^1 ** CO T3

- OO E £- QJ £-

> OO Cn C (T3

--^ P r-

* O C-« 0 3

I) C T- 4- C 3

J -r- >, r- O (T3 C

- C (T3 t- i 

= o r- ITS ^ cn a

5 O O P CO -C

0 ^ QJ 1 >,

>>O E 1 i 4-

_ CO QJ -r

U >> rs ^- P c c

"Z QJ - O 4-

 ^ (T3 i P O *^"

V) J2 (T3 - IT3 « 3

-^ O 0 4-> >^

£- i tO tO tO 4-

* Q. (T3 £- QJ CO t.

7> 1 O QJ CO (T3 n

r x c P -r- r- 4- 3 T- o c s_ cn c

- £_ C -r- Q. C

_ P E > ^

 CO CO "^3 O .^

j E c o o c

"--» (T3 (O £ *- o 3: QJ r- n

C --^P 12 £

3 CO C -p- 0*

J >, tO O S- 4-

r- >, >, O

3.f cn cr o_

3 (T3 4- (T3 CO r-

 r- > O On

n P QJ T

J C QJ >,--^r- t

/) QJ P T3 QJ O a

O tO !- (T3 N 4-

- to c t- -r- E "

j QJ 5 ca co E £

(NOIlVWbOd dV3MOdOi) I

o 

o

0) C^-

1 1 1 1

, , - . 1 

/^^'^^-wV^v*

CO

t \/ CM

Tv\ A/\ ,

v/VV

. . , , 1

1

w^~\

-v/\

1

Kr*V

^-

'V

1 

^

Ns

1 1

1 3:

r 

>^

js^: 5

73

n

T3 ;

QJ C

N C

 ^ ~

T3 :

 rx

 o c

: 4.

> >, :

- r 

J -P3 > T

IT3 a

i QJ £.

 - jj3

: T;

3 « C

co E

-^ to

: c

T3 + 

i QJ

J P C

3 T3 '

i -P- C

: o i

301:

J QJ

£_ "

a.cQ r-

;

3 

 > oo c

0 E

O

 t-i C

- 1 4.

3 -

- in c

- c

L) r^» c

J O n

3 O t

cn

c

o 

1 < QJ

C 4->

> P E '-

 r- O SZ

r 4^

 in QJ

 ^ to o

7> QJ P cn

7> t- tO

3 3 (T3 £_

> O i O

CO O C

 > O !-

T> O £- E

(T3

> cnr- >

C Z3 ** «r cn »

3 c c cn

L) -r- (T3 C

 (O f*^ T~

4-> 3 73

3 tO tO T3

3 QJ

= QJ > JD

P >>

3 -P- T3 T3

 > P £_ QJ

(T3 CO 40

: E a

E QJ 4-> 3

3 C r- £_

to

2 OS 73 -r1 QJ 73

5 QJ S

 4^ 

>>-r- CO 4->

C C -r3 O -r- C

3 E «3 3

= -i- P

r C QJ

3 O >

J 4_S O O

d J*^

U «3 fO

D73 >>

i c cn E

3 =3 O O

_ 0 r- £_

E .7-1 O (T3 O 4-

3NO1SQNVS

g ugaNaNNVNonas^ | ONINOOOO

T ^ s

i i i i

/

\ A

0

( t

-

-JV

i»A/

w

( (

V/

A

|

 *

 . '

\w? 

(

J

i 

A/ '

^..; ^-.

A

U

i \

{

\

!

i i

i

i

i .

1 1 1 1 |

%J

1 1 1

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A59
d>

Q.

CL

C

O

c

CO

O

 ^

CO

o

q£

fc

0

«0 £

*

"o "=>

jj M 0.

h.

O "CM

*~ 0) r-i

« « 2

2 "

£ to

a

« ^

w o

0 c .

'» "- °

>. c **

^ 0 CO

% o «

s " >

c:

o

p

a.

o

to

QJ

a

<«

O

"o

0

03

QJ

.^

2-

^T

P

a_ 

0)

Q

P

_j

"2 sr -P uj

^ 00 C

CO ^ 3

0 oo o =

._ CM 0 sfr

0 "^ CM

£ w » o

O CM O

£ (U o

*- 4_> ..oo

j <0 C r-H

"" Q 0 I-H

1 ' "

1 4-> 

'. 00) K>

10 QJ c ^ O

to o O O

* o J ad

"O LO 3 -JO

= i ^ = O

* «* o _r>

tt CTi .. CO ~

a ^- ®

< o; r-.

o > 

 o <|

O Z to f£

C CM CO

CO <

a) t- .p .. 24

0 n rf «

o i _i < O

O O

O")

cr

 r"

to

(T3

O

QJ

to

0

P

l~~

C. -a

o 

o

oi

QJ

Q.

E

(T3

to

0

z

_

LO 

CM

O

0 > 4->

 r- C -r- p

4-> -r- C OJ -r-

 r- r: 3 r c

{_ p 4_> «3 3

O C O>- Q.

 r- 03 « C O -"^

E -0 - -r- «f L- 3

c LO c ca o

 > 3 !- C 4->

QJ .Q t- «3 !- O

P «3 QJ p E IT3

 r- 5 tO tO p

C tO O QJ oS C

5 C r- OC r- 0

 - 3 >, O

o ro c: to ~a ro

P p -I- 4_> O r- r 

C QJ C O (T3

>, O tO r- C 

IT3 O QJ C p >> O

t- tO -r- t- (T3 -i 

'O> C QJ QJ t_ 4->

 QJ > ^ O1) (T3

P 0) i O T3 

 i p (T3 4-J i t- <T> 

* tO i r- C CJ3 CM

QJ tO !- O (T3 >

c to to -a CB> 

0 E o c -«^ .

P QJ -i- 3 S P >, 

tO > O1 p .Q i p

QJ >> C -r- fl3 >, T- rE P fO C CD tO -i 

 i i L. O * O) tO _i -r- o -a P 3 QJ

tO fO 3 > C7> >

 5 r- O C

- 03 i QJ C tO fO

co >> o a> oj t- .

r- >> i 3 E 0 5

1 T3 QJ >> O O 1 O

- C r- > t- <J S 

LO (O fO (O C QJ r QJ 

CM tO Q. 5 P 12 >>J2

ro o

g_ .^

C7> N P >

P '!-

4-s cr c >

en ODD

> > c t- ro to P

a> !- o i e= T-

« > r- 0) QJ .C

QJ -r- r QJ O i 4->

C tO -i- 4-> OJ

O tO 4 -r- 4- 4-> O

4-J fO 1 t_ O i O1

co E -a -a !-

QJ ! >> tO tO (4- E « o r: P o

 - O > C QJ S_

i T- to , O tO *>^p --^« ' c: c: QJ

QJ -i- S -r- -I- r4^ t- t. 0) E 3

 r- O tO QJ > T3

E -r- O1 T3 > O

0 E 3 S >> C

i > o a. >

O > Q. tO p e>3

 a >> to T- t_

4-> C p S QJ tO 

 >. -1-4- il -i^

>Vr- TO O S- O O 

"O tO p tO O QJ

C C C £_ Q. 

(T3 > O > -r O tO

to >,o E c

(T3 (T3 -r- r-

 £_ « E (T3

- 0) og x~s C

 =3- 1 E QJ > O

CM S t- tO P -i 

t-H r- O C -r- .«tO

1 >>4- -I- 1 >, »O

 r- (O O (O O

CO O C t- QJ i O

r^ P 3 a> N o o

L/

QJ *

O 1 00 P s.C

«3- O CM -r- ' 

CM T3 CM C 'o1 "3 QJ | .p |U

- i 4-> - QJ 

LO QJ !- CO O .*

CM O C r^> C3 Q*

ON01S3MH gvaivx) UBSMBn snodBdisdAO OdnasiddVH

o S

III!

1 1 1 1

IO

II | 1 1

y'^Jl-^T? I 4l<ipI^~lT

c ~ -^"3= ^--* ~ ±£ ""-""-

r^ n -j r^ ~ r^

i 

1 I )

^T^ r v ~l4s ? ~^I^;J."is.l

w

®

o

C^-

 \ ^ " c

/

dBdllVO

M-

/ *""\'/ \ ' V\ S A /""v < '> /N</\x-> r -v/"~^'

 ^ \ / \ /\ 'v ^\ n\./ ^ V^ / sx""^"^ '^ ^N/*^^ * 

_ svy v v v c,-

Z W

u E

Q 0

O)

T- -

A /"^V/v A AVd VININVO . ^ Ay^V^-\ /

1 I X ^^v ^\ Av A ^V_-i /^y J\s N/ \/\ /

1 \*s**r+S \^/ \^/v».^>/^*>'\^.^^>sy '^

A60 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona
9V 1 D;8o|Oi|)n e °1 /s8

S~*i

fAfXn v \ r\j u 

IM

s*

)AT

A

1

II

II

>-*x-.A/'\ > *" x /* N*

fjli^

O» * > 

XMs V * 

£>^ s 

1 1 1 

FOSSIL

, A 

V

i

p> t> s 

b t>fe 

> 1>> k 

>> t> > 

1

*\s

i'!'

*1 iM

^/*"V _ ''V V'V V' X- ^ S>/

-

-

,,!,,,,

^!

! 1 1 

' |l>Vs U ' 

<\\ | > c,l> t> f 

i ii i i i 

^/ ^

ro

01

,

k

i

1

1

1

1

%

<

 v^""v

-]-

-ro

>N - 

-co

1

Hlu'i

I' , 

Isl

1 1 

^v

^'"~\ /v"

^ <'li ! <

- i i i ! i 

i i i 

V

- X

;;

1

' ro ro 

O MEMBER MOUNTAIN 01 

O O

^^v

"^" - > «.^--'

1 

 F

~~\ 

T>~;

. ' ^ 

i i 

cn

o

N/S.

1

 »/

V

v..

\

I

1

-

,

/I

' ""*%/ 

-

. x 

i s, 

LIMESTONE) (KAIBAB 

ro o 'oa 2 

cn fD o - 3 

O ' fD 3 

- Cu rt O O 

1 Q. 3 3 X 

ro o _i. _i. _i. 

--J 3 rt rt Q. 

O « fD fD fD 

O

fD

oo

(->

^

i. 

 o

rt

i. 

O

3

-fc

o

^

ro

cn

o

i

ro

^ j

cn

o

3

T3

CU

oo

fD

00

"t/r T\J 

rt -P> 

Cu O 

_j. « 

3 1 

ro«-

en

3 0 

3 

O~3 0 

3

O fD 

fD -3 

 rt 

CU v 

CL

O < 

3

_i. i 

rt rt 

 i.

o oo 

~3

O Cu 

' *< 

Cu 

<<

<

fD

^.

3

_*

fD

rt

oo

* V* 

o

3

fD

-3

rt

H7QSiTJ^ = ^S'<Sft : w: &S^^Q: # "- » 

cn^o\^?:P.^YPj fD O'S^C^r^C^.o/ovV/.KX-J.-.i ro _i. ..;..;. 

o ro o 

3 ro -j 

fD 00 3 

-j - oo 

rt 1 » 

> ro 

-f=> to 

00 O Cu 

O- 3 

Cu. CL 

rt << 

rt CO " 

fD -J 

-J fD Cu 

fD 0 CT 

COO-

- 3 

oO Cu O. 

o rt cu 

fD fD 3 

rt Q. rt 

3

-> 0 ' 

rt Cu -J. 

fD 3 

0 O 

OO 3 

T3 O -> 

fD rt 

O Cu fD 

7*~ *< 

to to Co 

rt

Co O 3 

3 -J. 

3 fD 3 

O » O 

Q. -J c -o 

' Cu 3 

fD ' 3 

00 fD 

O 

<< X 

 > _i. 

S Q. 

1 fD 

*<!V

<

fD

1. 

3

 *

fD

rt

oo

u 

<

3

3

O~3

31

3

O

X

 Jl

CL

fD

00

rt

Cu

 *.

3

 I*

3

00

w 

<

3

3

O ^

1C?.' rX'o'* Cvlo *.CT. : ~ 

ro o 

ro cu CTi 

- O 

1

ro o 

ro ro 

OC 3 

- ro 

3 

rt

oo « 

00

" 3 

 i<

<< 3 

' O 

S -J 

1

oo rt 

-3 3 

cu _i. 

<< 3 

w

O

< fD 

-t, > 

OO CU 

» D. 

O

00 3 

1. _l. 

' rt 

rt - 

<< 0 

U

o

3j 

Cu Cu 

oo << 

to

«j.

<

fD

S

ro - Q. "< 

h-* 3 fD fD 

00 -" 3 

Ck*< 3 

1 -J 

ro S - fD 

ro i rt rt 

O^ ''OO OO 

- -3 0 «. 

Cu 

*< "<? < 

CD 3 C 

-J ' 03 

fD to O OO 

o -^ x *< 

0 CL - 

-> O O. £. 

Cu fD *** 

rt O 

fD 3 to oo 

CL - . -o t< 

rt fD O 

O fD O to 

3 7T C 

fD 3 oo 3 

-j Cu » 

rt rt Co 

~3 0 

o -< rc £2 

' X ' rt 

Cu » Cu M 

to Q. 

rt 3 O X 

oo -J- 3 rt 

» 3 -J. Cu 

o rt ' 

< T * oo 

O

J oO ^i 

rt O o 3 

-rc 

03 rt Cu < 

-J 3 << 0 

cu -^. _j. 

<< rt CL 

fD oo 

: 3 ' 

- -i. 0 

rt S 

C fD fD 

> -3 

- 0 

C h-> 

fl Cu CTi 

~*<

C

<

o: fD S 

c -< o 

fl 3 00 

r rt 

= fD 

- rt CT 

r oo -3 

f < fD 

0

O30-

^-"C i. 

a 3 cu 

r o rt 

7 ~3 fD 

o- a. 

» 0 

3 -J. 

Q fD 3 

C ~3 

c rt 

= » O 

C S 

Q oO fD 

r o -3 

r fD 

rt en 

r 3 - 

- ft 

- rt 

O fD 

C

c - 

1 3 

3 S 

CU 3 

oo

00 5 

^ ( 

<> J

fD 1 

5

ri

o o 

O 3 

-J ) 

C ) 

3 t 

o r 

<< t 

* ) 

OO 1 

_J 3 

) 

<-l » 

 ) 

c: j 

3 T 

rt 3 

L

O > 

O J 

3 t 

rt

Cu > 

-' ) 

3 -> 

00 ) 

L

3 > 

3

O~3

?'

to

(

u

:

i

<

t

(

< j 

(

V

<

c < 

j

.

t

t

(

f " 

t.

C

;

 U

u

D

3

2.

<

3

D

/)

/)

<

D

-)

_*

D

C

/)

-t

/)

D

1)

_*

D

C

__J

£

3

 J

3

D

.o-. ; §^i

h-* 0 

00 CU 

O' 

- o 

1

ro o 

» i fD 

00 3 

- fD 

3 

rt

CD

~3 » * 

fD CL 

0 O 

0 

- o 

cu 3 

rt -> 

fD rt 

p. _i. 

O

to c 

 ! ^-1" 

' 

rt

00 00 

rt 

o rt 

3 oo 

fD rt 

c« _i. 

oo

0

' *-< 

CU 

<< S. 

oo l 

rt 00 

O "3 

3 CU 

fD << 

S~«^

«J

fD O 

3

to O 

fD CT 

oo < 

j. _ 

O O 

-t> c: 

oo

3

fD O" 

3 -3 

Cu fD 

rt 0 

-> O 

(-! _i. 

fD Cu 

~-»^ 

oo

O £T> 

fD -3 

rt Cu 

3- Q. 

-> fD 

rt to 

fD

» S. 

~«^

<

C

3 3 

3 rt 

O

T ^^ 

fD

3' 

fD O 

3 S. 

Cu 

rt

rt

fD

^-'o n 

0003

-J Cu O fD 

rt ' Cu 

fD O rt Cu 

>. -J. Q. 

030

20 fD 03 3 

3 to -> 

Q. fD rt 

- 3 Co -> 

o rt 0 

7<r Q. 

- *-* fD O 

rt Q. 3 ' 

fD O Q. Cu 

«<-» 

-< o _i. 

3 3 rt < 

-". -J. fD 

< rt O -j. 

C ' 3 

OO O OO ' 

00 "O "O fD 

^-*» fD rt 

< O 00 

3 7<r 

cu 3 oo Co 

00 _l. u. 

00 3 00 

-" o cu rt 

< -j cr cu 

fD c -< 

"<^ 3 3 

rt 3 Q. 

O Cu 

330

0 x rt -< 

-J -> 3 

C Q. S O 

3 fD CU -J 

O" < 

^ (^ 

<<

S

 : !:

To"

-J

Cu

*^

v

to

' 

rt

^<

v

to

 ^

i 

oo3-

rt

 t

v<

<

c

03

OO

v<

s

0

CU

 J

o

 1.

rt

fD

7<^

CU

O

_j

 i.

1

?j°tf:°f{f>.

' I 

cn

00

i

00

o

0

CU

<^

to

rt

O

3

fD

 a

CU

fD

<^

_J

5

1

o-3

3

(O

rt

O

<

_^

rt

< < 

fD fD 

3 3 

_* 

fD fD 

rt rt 

oo to 

u

O

to

-a oo 

o 

fD

O ("^ 

O 3" 

cu -i. 

rt rt 

- fD 

OO

<

cr

-3 3 

n> -i. 

O 3 

0 0 

-J- -3 

3

-t) 3 

~3

CU O 

OO X 

oo -i. 

CL».

fD

<

oo

3 o 

3' n 

O 7T 

l

f

Cu

-^

fD

Cu

in

rt

oo

c. a3

X)

d

3

rt

O

O

3

rt

Cu

3

to

0

fD

Cu

a.

3

rt

O

roL/ 3 

-6/ o 

SS^

O?£ fD 

(- CL 

C

C

~

r

^

ft

C

~

ft

V

r

C

ft

z:

a

r

-3

_y

X

r

a

tr

r

tr

ro

- > 

i

cn 

 00

-

L

CO

~^ * 

fD 

O

O

' 

CU t 

rt

fD

fl

 -o

fD

fD 

to

0

-t>

cu h 

^j"

Q. 

<

fD

to ~> Cu j 

Z3

Ow

O

2)

O

O

r~

rt

3

O 

fD

rt

3"

Mineral

(-}

O

-3o

So

O

fD

to

O-3

-o

rt

O

I

cn 

o
494-5C

f

l/i

5"

Z on

GR DC \» i i i | -£ r1 

X"*^ s ^

i 1 2 C 3

; 1 ? 

\ i

\ r -

5

Lith

/A/

~-/ /

!^ f4-

/ & /

n/ / /

/ /

A* A *

A A A

 __ ~. 

 / 1 *

1 / - A

. | . /.

-I A/.

*V^ 

1 A / 

A/ - 1-

-.1 Vf *

^t

 /'* ' 14

 1 A I-/

 / I A I-.

W^

^7!

 I-/ A

'v/ I A / 

 /A 1 -

A/- |-

 1 A/.

^zH

4f^

T^

 1 i ' AM

 /^ 1 A

"T/T

A 1 ^> ./ 

 / 1 A

/^ . / .

A A A

Depth

-

 300 1

 350

Mineral

270^280^ 

Hematite, 

Mn^xide0

 284'- 287 v 

Malachite

2'8*(V-'4§4' 

Celadon*,.

283'-639' 

Mn oxide

'tsf\ 1 ( . *O " .* * °

*^*-C ( ^ r-\ '^V ' ",/ %

377r-6(J9'' 

_ Gpethijte

Color & D

250'-270'. Dolomite, v 

Contains abundant limo

pseudomorphs after pyr

specks, chert, & celad

270'-280'. Brecciated 

to It gray calc (dolom

pale ylw-orng silt lam

oxide staining; calcite 

280'-283'. Claystone, 

well -sorted; contains 

283'-377'. Brecciated 

w/ abundant chert (up 

up to 10'thick). Unit 

to white, vuggy. Cont

minor Mn oxide staining

vugs. Abundant dissem

287'. Unit most brecc
cr

o

p

Q.

.^

£_

0

to

QJ

Q

oO

O

'o

0

r 

ro

£_ 

QJ

C

.C 

P

Q.

Q

P

U

Q

DC

C

 » <

tO T

QJ -r

P r >

i 3 C

73 \ o o c

3 > C 2

ro

 > QJ o og t

>>P C

CD'1- tO tO > C

en .c -r- c to -r

33: T- c E

> X fO -io -r- 4-> QJ :

> p £_ c: >

P 0

 > >> ro O "4.

>> ro 2: to :

73 £- p -^ C

C CD -r- (J i

ro 1 C QJ C

to 3s P :D a. :

r- t_ tO <

73 >> QJ i

QJ C tO S.

4_S f, O - -» rO 4

u

J r 

< 73 tO

3 ^ O tO

O Q. O

: in o 4-

o .c u to

_ r-l P (J -l- C

:> r^ ro 4-> O

I <3- Q. t_ to !-

1 3 JD O 4->

E - C ro E

> r^» 3 -i- ro t- P

<* O -I- O tO

n ^> QJ 4^ "O Li.

J tO o ~~^ 73

3 QJ - C 3 Q. ^-^-iD4->-^QJ 73tO(O 73O

r-r-inTS O-r-QJ OC

7>C'3- t-t02t Q.T3 o 
 > Q- to o o t.

3 73 ro £_ -r- O

-rOQJtO i .QO ^

If p-r- , 1 OoS

J QJ -r- (O tO fO

(OO) QJ Ot-0) E >- »3 C- to 

 r- C >> 4-> QJ TO 73 C tO£- (OJD73

O O (O *r~ 1 * < 0 P t- E !- t

QJ tO CD O .C (

£_ QJ , -p 4

CO E P O QJ 4

 .- . 73 O f

 r- CD C

<3- QJ i 4_>

CT> P O -Q C I

<3- !- P -1- ITJ i- . -

1J £_ >, O - « ' 3 JD E ^~^ O

-O^T4->C\J fO(OtO Q.

UCCtOCT) "(Oi jD-i-roO

^ -i r& <U *3~ 73 T- 3 ! O -i -r 

J2! El <U4->UroO>>.£I

O QJ-r-- 4->O-r-^C^3O

J Ci <* OCDC OJt-fO

n r-->^'vl- C3QJ4-PO)tO") r QJ ^t" O^ O- O CO C3 CQ

/) C i P <S> tO

- -t IT3 -t i 1 l III

IE tO TO T- C 4-> E tO >-

o>>(/)cto-. toocD to-- - - - 

r^ i ro O 3 to ro >M ro to Ol r~-» T> CO r i

r^» O t- O-.Q <

CO 73 CD S* rO ^

3pt_O£- OCO«3- <d-CO«*

-tOC_5Q4- U_<d-<^- ^-^-10

 0*1

c

ra :

to c

c

**fc

z

a

*> 

T> rc

7> C

 > 3

o3 o :

r 

4-> fO C

£- 0 C

QJ C

C C

O -r- c

(4_ >.

O ro 4-

^- *r

CD CD 1 c r

>r- p

P i '

to t

 r- 0 £

to 4-> r

C io >>

O ro :

£_ ;

> t_

1 C

- c.

3 T-

- E

0 

- a

a

j i _ ^

~ 73

D C

C

0 e>?

a </

- jsi

c_

>, Q

> C

QJ

73

L-rX

o

c 2: x

t. £ 

« O P

c: fo

 -- E

E

c

> > !-

>

: « TO

CD d

J C ro

 r- tO

> C

: T- 4-

) ro O

) 4->

L to c:

ro CD ra to CD

 r- 1 2S QJ -i0 S

0 1 

QJ >i t

L_ *r

CQ > i

tO 4

 , .

 "--» " 

r-t QJ :

t-H P

in -iQ

n 4_

- !-

- £

Z 4-

J Q

C

-^ C

s

£.

< C

) P tO

> ! 

 c P

: o to

> E sJ -r- -r-

> f UD

CD

. C 

) £_ tO

1 E -r- C O -* 

- O t- T- l '1

cr> o

«* 73

a

= 2S QJ

r Q.

= > >> </> i 

to

3^

03

L_

4 

r

to

*"-x^

OJ 

4_)

i 

E 

O

ro

TO

o3

P

t_

QJ

jC

0

4 

O

(O

O

0

QJ

t_

co

-

OJ <^-

in

i

i

 s

 C

QJ

P

> i

cr

ro

P

>> p o to

to a

1 r 

£

P -C

r- C

C C

:D

 r 

X C

tl a

P £

ra

E

0

>> c

 a n

c t

ro 4-

to

r 

) O

- 73

2

5 --

J 3

J.

73

», OJ

: r 

3 4-

t/1

 > a

i 3

D >

3

- ^~.

- 3

OJ

P

 r-

, C

O

E

 i 

i 

CD

C

L_

O

1

 ) 3

r^*

>,

> QJ

'O

^£^ a

>j

CD 3

CD '

3 £.

> C

** 4-

0 rra C

0 4-

a

^ =

3 >

7) .

a

J IS

^

3

J a

r> CO

C

ro

« P

C

O

0

 f

) tO

r 12

*« ^» O c:

t i ro 13 C

in C t_ c> c.

r- CD (J £_

>»J

QJ r 

73 12

 r- (O

 X. £5

0 0

( .

C Q.

s:

QJ

 L.

tO T3

QJ

r tO

3 CD

73 (O

O £-

C Uo?5 to

t/1 0)

.^ LO 3

QJ P

a. o

tO 03

t_

QJ 4- 

P

 i- C

C 0

P

QJ C

0 0

CD E

E

TO 0

0) O

£ 

QJ tO

P -*

P O

ro QJ

o a.

oo to1 

L_

QJ

£5

E

QJ

s:

c

pro

P

C

o

S!

r 

r"

to

to

o

LJ_

E

O

t_

4-

TO

QJ

O.

a.

o

ETO

C

o

73

£?;^:^; ^; 9'-^:OV.'^C^ en QJ F£'&'ffSf<SS52'£:<-:i&)- ***. ^ >^S * " t*y ' £ J' Q^' ^_' fx. VJ . .^*7. f-** N^ ^/ *^N* Vi v\ * *o ' ' ' A. ' r ^***^ ^s^« . f\ Q ' ' I / cJ P >-"H-^ \.v^r .0.' O" O'

1

(NOIlVMUOd dVBMOdOJL)

O 1 o U39W3W

1 1 1 1

u) | c

111 1 1 1 u

ll

i . . .

 . _ 

s\

\/

^vAxT^

, , . , | .... | ....

10-

^ ^y^^; V ^ -N- ^ 

v-s^x^ V yXx- \v/

CM

T- -

3

)

^N

^

1 1

^ "k""*

V.

HONVd SQOOAA

1

^\,

, 1

^V

'^\

^/

1

X"* I

^vXX

1

" w

 x>

Lithologic and Geophysical Logs, Mohawk Canyon A63
494-5C

GR

Lith Depth Mineral Color & D

-VX

. */ . I 

600

I A /

"A.- A' '

 1 650

a

542 '-609'. Similar to 

slightly sandy, Is/dol

gray to It gray & ther

2V%>;.'« /") ' °6°n°:°":c

>V-A-/ovv,

609'-639'. Breccia of 

ss, & minor v It gray 

clasts in a ylw-gray, 

minor Mn oxide specks. 

Ranch Mbr. matrix w/ F

Is/dolomite containing 

639'-645'. Breccia, ylw

Matrix is calc ss w/ w

639 1 except less in pr

val & all are small pe

'645'-679' 

Pyrite .<»

.<|645I -679I . Brecciated 

gray, in silt & sand m

Matrix contains wavy la

Occasional small blebs 

silt-size pyrite throu

sulfide rich unit in c

white powder (kaolinite 

679'-685'

Celadon.

685'-725'

Goethite,

limonite

679'-685'. Breccia, pa

consisting of chert, s

ranging in size from p

mainly small pebble si

vuggy. Matrix is wavy 

siltstone w/ v minor c

0681 '-682' is abundant 
494-5C

3- 

o

i.

o

i

GR DC

> . i i , , i j i

. r 1 2 / s

 f {'^ R

 *> _ __"' ' ^\-_^

Lith

/ /

/ /

-ti-tr

LTL-T

- / / 

 f -f- 

 -f -/ 

;:-=:..-

/ i

I 1 /

1 1

l I

. 1 1 ' 1 !

I '

. | . |

i * i

 |

li?

/ 1

?fS

/ i

/A

18

Depth

-

z

g

- 2 

OC

LL

~ 0.

1

 » cc

JER (TOROWE

 U"S.

~~ z 

_ o

z

o 

 800 >

Q

OC 

OQ

Mineral

'c?-'&:o^&C

^&$$:d''

725'-737' 

Mn oxide

748'-913' 

Celadon, 

goethite

 :&-9.Ct'&Cr

 j '/*\ o .'O.vS'A''' 

782'-913' 

Limonite, 

hematite, 

Mn oxide

^g(|^

 **x'°Z£&*

Color & D

685'-725'. Dolomite, b

micritic, vuggy. Vugs 

bladed anhydrite (or g

long. Dolomitized crino

minor pale ylw-orng lim

oxide & goethite specks 

scattered goethite nod

porosity & wavy lam cla

thick near bottom of in

725'-737'. Siltstone, v 

massive to v finely lam

throughout unit. Vuggy 

calcite. Unit may rep

siltstone dropped into 

737'-748'. Breccia of c

claystone & v pale orng 

limestone/dolomite.

748'-782'. Limestone, v 

slightly sandy, fractur

occasionally celadonite 

frac surfaces; vuggy/m

& goethite in vugs; min

to 0.4' thick; minor pa

goethite specks & nodu

782'-913'. Breccia of s

v It gray to It gray, i

Unit is vuggy w/ calcit

vugs, veinlets, & speck

limonite stain. Breccia 

chert nodules; pale ylw

ss clasts; and v It gra

clasts; clasts are ang 

contains: thin celadon

880', mainly @80b'-832

flft.pr nvrifp ^rattproH 
 - n v>.-j_^£rfl./ \ «:.^ww 'y.«r\-V.\ vr-.-i

^ I

(NOIlVWUOd dV3MOUOl)

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988 573-047/66,054 REGION NO. 8

A66 Breccia Pipes in Northern Arizona