U.S. METRIC STUDY

INTERIM REPORT

INTERNATIONAL

TRADE

U.S. METRIC STUDY
U.S. METRIC SUBSTUDY REPORTS

The results of substudies of the U.S. Metric Study, while being evaluated

for the preparation of a comprehensive report to the Congress, are being

published in the interim as a series of NBS Special Publications. The titles of the individual reports are listed below.

REPORTS ON SUBSTUDIES

NBS SP345-I:

NBS SP345-2:

NBS SP345-3:

NBS SP345-4:

NBS SP345-5:

NBS SP345-6:

NBS SP345-7:

International Standards (issued December 1970, SD

Catalog No. C I 3. 10:345-1 , price $1.25)

Federal Government: Civilian Agencies ^issued

July 1971, SD Catalog No. C 1 3. 1 0:345-2, price

$2.25)

Commercial Weights and Measures (issued July 1971, SD Catalog No. CI 3. 10:345-3, price $1.00)

The Manufacturing Industry (issued July 1971,

SD Catalog No. C I 3. 1 0:345-4, price $1.25)

Nonmanufacturing Businesses (in press)

Education (issued July 1971, SD Catalog No. CI3. 10:345-

6, price $1.75)

The Consumer (issued July 1971, SD Catalog No. CI3. 10:

345-7, price $1.25)

NBSSP345-8: International Trade ( this publication

)

NBSSP345-9: Department of Defense (issued July 1971, SD

Catalog No. C 1 3. 1 0:345-9, price $1.25)

NBS SP345-IO: A History of the Metric System Controversy in the

United States (in press)

NBSSP345-1I: Engineering Standards (issued July 1971, SD Catalog No. CI 3. 10:345-1 1. price $2.00)

NBS SP345-I2: Testimony of Nationally Representative Groups (is- suedJuly 1971, SD Catalog No. C13. 10:345-12, price$1.50)

COMPREHENSIVE REPORT ON THE U.S. METRIC STUDY

NBS SP345: To be published in August 1971

Those publications with catalog numbers have already been issued, and

may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 for the prices indicated. Add onefourth of the purchase price if the publication ordered is to be sent to a foreign address. Be sure to include the SD Catalog number with your order.
U.S. METRIC STUDY

INTERIM REPORT

INTERNATIONAL

TRADE

i'J )

'

Eighth in a series of reports prepared

for the Congress

U.S. METRIC STUDY

Daniel V. De Simone, Director

V< National Bureau of Standards

if, Special Publication 345-8

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Maurice H. Stans, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Lewis M. Branscomb, Director

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 345-8, 188 pages (July 1971)

CODEN: XNBSA

Issued July 1971

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. C 13.10 :345-8), Price $1.50 Stock Number 0303-0895

SEP 7 1971

, 0 SI

till

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

THE HONORABLE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE

THE HONORABLE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF

REPRESENTATIVES

SIRS:

I have the honor to present the eighth in the series of interim reports

stemming from the U.S. Metric Study, prepared by the National Bureau of Standards.

This Study was authorized by Public Law 90-472 to reduce the many uncertainties concerning the metric issue and to provide a better basis upon which

the Congress may evaluate and resolve it.

I shall make a final report to the Congress on this Study in August 1971.

In the meantime, the data and opinions contained in this interim report are being evaluated by the Study team at the National Bureau of Standards. My

final report to you will reflect this evaluation.

Respectfully submitted,

Secretary of Commerce

Enclosure

iii
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Honorable Maurice H. Stans

Secretary of Commerce

Dear Mr. Secretary:

I have the honor to transmit to you another interim report of the U.S. Metric Study, which is being conducted at the National Bureau of Standards

at your request and in accordance with the Metric Study Act of 1968.

The Study is exploring the subjects assigned to it with great care. We have

tried to reach every relevant sector of the society to elicit their views on the metric issue and their estimates of the costs and benefits called for in the Metric Study Act. Moreover, all of these sectors were given an opportunity to

testify in the extensive series of Metric Study Conferences that were held last year.On the basis of all that we have been able to learn from these conferences,

as well as the numerous surveys and investigations, a final report will be made

to you before August 1971 for your evaluation and decision as to any recommendations that you may wish to make to the Congress.

The attached interim report includes data and other opinions that are still being evaluated by us to determine their relationship and significance to all of the other information that has been elicited by the Study. All of these evaluations will be reflected in the final report.

Sincerely,

Lewis M. Branscomb, Director

National Bureau of Standards

Enclosure

iv
FOREWORD

This report evaluates the potential effects that a U.S. conversion to the metric system may have on the nation's foreign trade. To make this evaluation, a survey was conducted of exporters and importers trading in products

that are "measurement sensitive." These are products in which dimensions are

critical—e.g., tractors, clinical thermometers, vacuum pumps, typewriters, and

computers.

Exporters and importers were asked to rank the factors that influence the

sale or purchase of these products in international trade. They were also asked

to estimate how much they would expect to export or import in 1975 if the U.S. had gone metric by 1970. The results are given in this volume.

Reports covering other substudies of the U.S. Metric Study are listed on

the inside front cover. All of these, including this report, are under evaluation.

Hence, they are published without prejudice to the comprehensive report on

the U.S. Metric Study, which will be sent to the Congress by the Secretary of Commerce in August of 1971

This report was prepared by the Bureau of Domestic Commerce of the Department of Commerce, under the direction of Thomas E. Murphy. Gerald

F. Gordon was the principal staff member who designed and conducted the

statistical survey and drafted this report. Other members of the Bureau of Domestic Commerce who made contributions to this study were Mrs. Dorothy

Miller, David Cohen, Gerald Moody, Mrs. Elsie Dorman and her staff, and

Mrs. Ann Wynn.

We are grateful to all who participated in this survey, particularly to the hundreds of companies and trade associations that supplied the data which

made this report possible. In this as in all aspects of the U.S. Metric Study, the program has benefited

from the independent judgment and thoughtful counsel of its advisory panel

and the many other organizations, groups and committees that have participated in the Study.

Daniel V. De Simone, Director

U.S. Metric Study

v

CONTENTS

Page

Letters of Transmittal Hi, iv Foreword v

Introduction 1

Chapter:

I. Summary of Findings 3

II. The Role of the United States in World Trade 7

Export Trends (1960-69) 10

Import Trends (1960-69) 11

III. Potential Effects of Metrication on U.S. Foreign Trade 14

Trade Trends of Measurement-Standard Sensitive Products . 14

Importance of the Measurement System 22

Estimated Effects of U.S. Metrication on Foreign Trade ... 33

Measurement Systems Characterizing U.S. Foreign Trade . . 38

IV. Potential Effects of U.S. Conversion to the Metric System on Selected Industries 43

The Machine Tool Industry 43

The U.S. Steel Industry 49

The Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Industry 51

The Industrial Pump and Compressor Industry 57

The Industrial Fastener Industry 61

The Electronic Computing Industry 66

The Construction Machinery and Equipment Industry .... 69

Appendices:

A. Objectives and Methodology of Study 75

B. Statistical Tables 90

1. U.S. Merchandise Trade Balance and

Balance of Payments 91

2. U.S. Exports and Imports of Selected

Categories of Merchandise 92

3. U.S. Exports of Selected Categories of Domestic Merchandise 93

vii
Page

4. U.S. Exports of Merchandise by Country 94

5. Total U.S. Exports and Exports Financed by

Military and Economic Aid 94

6. U.S. General Imports of Merchandise 95

7. U.S. General Imports of Selected Categories of

Manufactured Goods 95

8. U.S. General Imports of Merchandise by

Country or Area of Origin 96

9. U.S. Foreign Trade Balance for Measurement-Standard Sensitive Products 97

10. U.S. Export Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products 97

11. U.S. Import Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products 99

12. U.S. Exports of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Product Classes 101

13. U.S. Imports of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Product Classes 149

viii
INTRODUCTION

The issue of U.S. conversion to the metric system is viewed by its advocates

as potentially another significant step towards bringing about a more fully

integrated international economy. Just as the Kennedy Round of trade negotiations in 1967 resulted in freer and unhampered passage of goods and

services across national boundaries, so will the United States' conversion to the metric system. Its advocates claim that the system would lessen trade

distortions resulting from differences in measurements and standards and help

allocate resources in a more efficient manner. Whether conversion to the metric system would bring about a more fully

integrated international economy is not the central question to be answered by

the U.S. Metric Study. Rather, what must be answered by the Study is whether conversion to the metric system is in the United States' best interest. To answer this question, PL-90-472 authorized the Secretary of Commerce

to determine the effects of increased world-wide use of the metric system on

the United States. Section 2 of the Law states: ". . . The Secretary, among

other things, shall ( 1 ) investigate and appraise the advantages and disadvantages to the United States in international trade and commerce ... of an

internationally standardized system of weights and measures."

In accordance with Section 2 of the Law, this Study—one of fourteen

major investigative components of the U.S. Metric Study—has been prepared.

This Study's objective is "to evaluate the potential effects that U.S. conversion

to metric measurements and standards may have on U.S. foreign trade." To

1
2 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

achieve this objective a survey was conducted of exporters and importers

trading in products which would be affected by conversion to the metric

system. Appendix A presents details relative to the Study's objectives and

methodology.

It is not the purpose of this Study to recommend whether the United States should or should not convert to the metric system. The U.S. Metric Study,

which will evaluate the findings from all study components, will make appropriate recommendations concerning the question of U.S. conversion. The

purpose of this Study is to provide data to be evaluated with the data from

other Study components to enable the Secretary of Commerce to make appropriate recommendations to the United States Congress.

This report is divided into four sections. Chapter I summarizes the Study's

findings. Chapter II briefly describes the role of the United States in world

trade and discusses current problems connected with our Balance of Payments

and the need to generate a larger trade surplus. Chapter III evaluates the

potential impact of metrication on U.S. foreign trade, analyzing the results of

the BDC survey of U.S. exporters and importers. Chapter IV consists of analyses of the potential impact of metrication on selected industries.
I. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1 . U.S. export trade volume in product classes judged to be measurementstandard sensitive (MSS), amounted to $13.9 billion in 1969, up from $9.2

billion in 1965—a gain of 47.1 percent. In 1969, MSS exports accounted for 36.3 percent of total U.S. exports of $38.0 billion.

2. Canada is the largest market for MSS products shipped by the U.S. In 1969, MSS exports to Canada were $3.0 billion. The European Economic

Community (EEC) countries were the second largest market, with U.S.

exports of MSS products totaling $2.6 billion, 62 percent greater than the

1 965 trade level. Combined, these two major markets account for over 40

percent of the total U.S. MSS exports.

3. The notion that the U.S. is losing exports to metric countries because its products are not designed and manufactured in metric units and standards

appears to be ill-founded. U.S. exports of MSS products to metric countries

are more than double the exports to nonmetric countries. Furthermore, some

of the fastest growing markets for U.S. MSS products are the metric countries. For example, shipments to both Japan and EEC markets grew faster than

total exports of MSS products. In the period 1965-69, exports of MSS products to metric countries grew 48.3 percent compared with a 44.6 percent

growth to nonmetric countries.

4. Most exports of MSS products involve machinery and equipment, classi- fied as nonelectrical machinery, transportation equipment, electrical equip3
4 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

ment, and instruments. Exports of MSS nonelectrical machinery account for nearly half of U.S. exports of MSS products.

5. Imports of MSS products were $6.0 billion in 1969, 129 percent higher

than 1965's $2.6 billion. The growth of MSS imports was slightly less than for

total imports during the period 1965-69. MSS imports accounted for close to 17 percent of total imports in 1969.

6. The largest supplier to the U.S. of MSS products is the EEC, the source

of about 38 percent of total MSS imports. Japan ranks as the second largest

supplier. MSS U.S. imports from Japan were the fastest growing of any

country, rising 175 percent from 1965-69. The EEC and Japan combined

accounted for 60 percent of total MSS imports.

7. Value-wise, the largest MSS import is transportation equipment, particularly motor vehicles from the EEC. Imports of motor vehicles from Canada

were excluded as not being MSS. Imports from Japan, the second largest

supplier of motor vehicles, increased over 900 percent from 1965-69.

8. The U.S runs a favorable trade balance in MSS products. Between 1965

and 1969, when the MSS trade surplus increased about $1.1 billion to reach a peak of $7.9 billion in 1969, the total trade surplus was shrinking. The U.S. has a trade surplus in MSS products with all countries, except Japan, which

had a trade deficit of $478 million in 1969.

9. U.S. exporters and importers rank the measurement factor very low,

indicating it affects U.S. trade only slightly. Exporters indicate that the top

three factors promoting sales abroad of MSS products were reliability and

reputation, superior technology, and high quality of product. These three

factors account for over 60 percent of total rankings. As to promoting exports,

the measurement system used to design and manufacture U.S. products

(either U.S. customary or metric) received only 1.6 percent of the total rankings. The measurement system received only 3.3 percent of the total ranking of export deterrent factors.

10. Importers of MSS products also consider measurement as having little effect on trade. Price, reputation and reliability, and high quality of foreign

product were the most important factors promoting imports. Only 3.5 percent

of the rankings identified the measurement system as being an important

promoting factor.

11. The only instance where the measurement factor was cited as having an important effect on trade was in the importation of wood and lumber products

and primary metal products. Importers in these product categories stated that because these products are generally designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and engineering standards, their sales in the domestic market

were greatly enhanced.

12. Lack of technological and quality advantages of foreign products was

considered as the chief deterrent to importing. Once again, the measurement

system ranked very low as a deterrent to importing—only about 3 percent of

the total rankings.

13. A recurring theme throughout the Bureau of Domestic Commerce

(BDC) survey was the importance of prices of products which were standard
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 5

and had a low level technology. For many of these products, the U.S. cannot

compete with foreign producers. For example, steel, some types of machine

tools, standard fasteners, standard pumps and compressors, and veneer and

plywood are all products for which U.S. producers are not competitive price- wise.14. Another recurring theme was the importance of a technological edge

which U.S. producers have over foreign producers. It made little difference

whether it was a product such as a special fastener or something as complex

as a computer or aircraft. Technology was the key factor to U.S. exports.

15. Exporters indicate that conversion to the metric system would have a

positive effect on U.S. exports of MSS products. They were asked to make two

estimates of the percentage change in their 1975 export trade over 1970 trade,

assuming that among other things (a) the U.S. maintained its current meas- urement system, and (b) the U.S. converted to the metric system in 1970.

Over 41 percent of the respondents thought their 1975 exports would be

higher than 1970 if the U.S. converted to the metric system as compared with

only 29 percent of the respondents who projected increases assuming the U.S. maintained its current measurement system. Similarly, only 2.5 percent of the respondents indicated a decline with conversion as compared with 15 percent

of the respondents who estimated a decline assuming the U.S. maintained its current measurement system.

16. On a weighted basis, U.S. exporters in the BDC survey estimated their 1975 exports to be 2.7 percent higher if the U.S. had converted to the metric

system in 1970 instead of maintaining its customary system. Assuming U.S. exports of measurement sensitive products were to increase to $20.6 billion in 1975, based on a straight line projection of these exports from 1965-69, it is estimated that U.S. exports of MSS products would be about $600 million

larger in 1975, if the U.S. converted to the metric system.

17. Exports of most product classes in 1975 would change little by converting to the metric system according to exporters in the BDC survey. However,

for some product classes, exports would show substantial increases. For example, exports of pumps and compressors would increase 18 percent; mechanical

measuring devices, 18 percent; hand tools, 13 percent; printing trades machinery and equipment, 11 percent; special industrial machinery, 7 percent; and

textile machinery, 6 percent. Only two product classes of exports would

decline. Exports of mechanical power transmission equipment, except ball and

roller bearings, were estimated to decline 0.6 percent and electric measuring

instruments and test equipment, 0.7 percent.

18. Surveyed importers estimate that their 1975 imports would show no

change assuming the U.S. converted to the metric system. With few exceptions, they stated that their sales of foreign made products would not increase

if the U.S. converted to the metric system.

19. Of the respondent exporters, 17 percent stated that they designed and

manufactured products in both U.S. customary and metric units and standards. However, many respondents merely described products designed and

manufactured in U.S. customary units and standards in metric terms. 20. About 17 percent of the respondents stated that exports were hindered
6 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

because products were not manufactured in metric units and engineering

standards, West Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden were

the most frequently mentioned countries hindering exports.

21. About 13 percent of the respondent exporters stated that they actively

solicited export orders requiring production in metric units and engineering

standards. A similar percentage indicated that in the last 3 years, export

orders had been lost because the specification requiring the products to be

manufactured in metric units and engineering standards could not be met.

22. With respect to the United Kingdom's conversion to the metric system, over 17 percent of the survey respondents thought that their export sales to the U.K. would be adversely affected if they did not ship in metric units and

engineering standards. Another 57.5 percent thought their export sales would

not be affected and 25 percent had no opinion.

23. About 35 percent of the total survey responses indicated that exports

went to foreign affiliates, the remainder to foreign customers. Of that part

shipped to foreign affiliates, about 38 percent went to foreign affiliates of the respondents for further processing, 58 percent was shipped for resale, and 4

percent for other purposes.

24. Over 90 percent of the respondents' exports were products designed

and manufactured in U.S. customary measurement units and/or engineering

standards. About 10 percent were products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary measurements and/or engineering standards, but described in

labels, packages, engineering drawings, and catalogues in terms of metric units and/or engineering standards. Only one percent of exports were products

designed and manufactured in metric units and/or engineering standards or were products modified or changed to include metric components, parts, or subassemblies.

25. Over 50 percent of the respondents' imports are products designed and

manufactured in metric units and engineering standards. Only 19 percent of the imports are products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and engineering standards. About 19 percent are products designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards but are described in U.S. customary units and engineering standards, and 9 percent are metric products

substantially modified or changed to include parts and components in U.S. customary units and engineering standards.
II. THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES

IN WORLD TRADE

Because of its position as the principal trading and investing nation in the world, the United States has a strong influence on the stability and growth of

international commerce. Many countries are dependent on the United States

as an outlet for their goods and as a source of needed materials. Fluctuations

in the rate of economic growth in the United States have significant impacts on the trade and economic growth of our trading partners. U.S. investment

abroad, which has been paid for in large part by means of the country's trade

surpluses, has contributed greatly to the growth of world-wide income and

trade. Moreover, because the dollar is the principal trading and reserve cur- rency, the U.S. balance of payments plays a predominant role in the international monetary system.

Conversely, the U.S. economy as a whole is much less dependent on foreign

trade than most smaller countries. In fact, the trade of the United States is so

small compared with the country's total economic activity that trade policy is of less concern here than in many other countries. Whereas U.S. exports now

account for 1 7 percent of total world trade, these exports are equal in value to only about 4 percent of the country's gross national product. Further, after a period of exceptionally rapid growth, U.S. imports are now equal to 4 percent

of the gross national product.

Traditionally, the United States has depended heavily on its merchandise

trade surplus to counter the net outflows of private capital and the expenditures abroad for various Governmental programs. The United States had fairly

sizeable trade surpluses in most of the years in the 1950's and unusually large

surpluses from 1960 to 1965. However, the surpluses were small in 1966-67

7
8 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

and virtually nil in 1968-69. The surplus was larger in 1970 than it was in each of the 2 preceding years. Despite trade surpluses over the years, the United States has had a deficit in

its balance of payments (on the liquidity basis) in 18 of the past 20 years. The United States had substantial payments deficits in the early and mid1960's despite substantial trade surpluses. While it was possible in 1968 to achieve a small payments surplus even though the trade surplus was negligible,

this was accomplished only after substantial mandatory restrictions were

placed on foreign investment by U.S. firms and after exceptional financial conditions in this country resulted in a temporary inflow of funds from

abroad. In 1969, a second year in which the United States had a very small

trade surplus, the payments deficit was the largest on record for this country.

(See table 1, p. 91.)

The country's chronic balance-of-payments difficulties have resulted in a

substantial depletion of our international reserve assets. The value of U.S.

reserve assets ranged from $23 billion to $25 billion in the period 1950-57.

The reserve assets declined each year from 1957, when they were valued at about $25 billion, to 1967 when they were valued at only $15 billion. At the end of 1969, U.S. international reserve assets were valued at $17 billion. Gold stocks constitute the largest part of the reserve assets of the United

States. However, in recent years, convertible foreign currencies and the U.S.

reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have become

relatively more important in the total reserve position in the United States. In

particular, gold stocks were equal in value to only 70 percent of the country's

total reserve assets in 1969 compared with 92 percent in 1960. The advent of the so-called Special Drawing Rights in the IMF probably insures that gold

will become even less important as a reserve asset in coming years. In addition to the decline in U.S. holdings of reserve assets and the changes

in the composition of those assets, there has occurred a sharp rise in U.S.

liquid liabilities to foreigners. Such liabilities were valued at $21 billion at the end of 1960; by the end of 1969, they amounted to $42 billion. The largest

increase in U.S. liquid liabilities to foreigners occurred in 1969 when the United States suffered a very large payments deficit. The liabilities to foreigners rose from $34 billion at the end of 1968 to $42 billion a year later. By far the largest part of the recent increase in U.S. liquid liabilities has consisted of a growth in the short-term liabilities to foreign countries reported by banks in the United States from $19 billion in 1968 to almost $28 billion at the end of 1969.

The United States has taken a number of stop-gap measures over the years

to reduce the size of the balance-of-payments deficits, including: Changes in the Buy-American practices of defense agencies to increase purchases from

domestic sources; restrictions on direct investment abroad by U.S. firms;

interest equalization taxes to reduce the outflow of private funds; and restric- tions on foreign lending by U.S. banks. In addition, the monetary policy of the United States has been influenced by international needs, reductions and

restrictions of various kinds have been imposed on U.S. economic assistance

to the developing countries, the staffs of the U.S. embassies have been
THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD TRADE 9

reduced, the Export-Import Bank has liberalized the criteria that must be

satisfied before loans will be granted to finance U.S. exports, a number of

efforts have been made by the Government to induce U.S. businessmen to expand their exports, and the U.S. Travel Service has striven to encourage

tourism in this country to offset the large expenditures abroad by American

tourists. Many other programs and policies of the U.S. Government have been

influenced to some extent by the country's international payments difficulties.

In view of the long history of U.S. international payments difficulties, it appears that fiscal and monetary policy alone cannot be expected to correct

the situation. However, in the late 1960's and early 1970's, the fiscal and

monetary policies appropriate for achieving a stabilization of the domestic

economy were also appropriate for dealing with the international disequilibrium. Consequently, efforts to reduce price inflation and to reduce the rate of economic expansion were clearly in order. It appears, however, that restrictive policies will be discontinued for domestic reasons long before the international

payments are brought into balance. In fact, there is likely to be a recurrence

of the conflict in the policies appropriate for domestic and international

balance that prevailed in the early 1960's. In that period, expansionary policies were needed for purposes of reducing unemployment and increasing the

rate of economic growth; however, such expansionary policies were clearly not

appropriate for dealing with the international payments deficits.

If the United States is to continue to play a significant role in international

affairs, it will probably be necessary for this country again to become a

substantial net exporter. The earnings from U.S. investment abroad, which

have become more and more important as a credit item in the country's

balance of payments, are not yet so large that they can offset perpetual deficits and also enable the country to meet its responsibilities abroad. A trade surplus

of some magnitude will probably be required if the United States is to provide

greater assistance to developing nations. Such a surplus would also make it easier for the country to reassert its leadership in bringing about greater

freedom of international trade and investment. Much of the present sentiment

in the United States for protectionist policies has no doubt arisen from the

failure to deal effectively with the overall balance-of-payments problems.

The recent interest throughout the world in greater flexibility of international exchange rates may indicate that steps will be taken to deal more

effectively in the future with the chronic balance-of-payments difficulties of various countries, particularly the United States. Several steps have been taken

in the past few years to alter the exchange rates of countries with chronic

payments deficits or surpluses. Because of the critical role of the U.S. dollar as an international reserve currency, it may not be feasible for the United States

unilaterally to devalue the dollar. Nevertheless, results comparable to a devaluation of the dollar can perhaps be achieved by means of a revaluation of the currencies of the countries with chronic payment surpluses. Further, it may be

possible to obtain general international agreement on the desirability of some- what greater flexibility in the establishment of exchange rates than has existed

in the past.
10 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Export Trends (1960-69)

U.S. exports of domestic merchandise increased from about $20 billion in 1960 to $37 billion in 1969. Despite the great expansion in demand and the

resulting price inflation in this country during the period of escalation of the Vietnam conflict, exports increased more rapidly in that period than at the beginning of the decade. The annual increases in exports averaged about 9

percent in the period 1963-69 compared with less than 5 percent in the period 1960-63. Manufactured goods accounted for about 85 percent of the

increase in U.S. exports from 1960 to 1969. In 1969, about 75 percent of

the exports (in terms of value) consisted of manufactures compared with

about 65 percent in 1960. (See table 2, p. 92.)

Leading export items in recent years have included aircraft, electronic

computers, power generating machinery, telecommunications apparatus,

chemicals, and grains. From 1960 to 1969, the rise in exports of transport

equipment, including aircraft, by about $4 billion and of nonelectrical machinery of all kinds by $3.8 billion accounted for about 45 percent of the growth

from 1960 to 1969 in U.S. exports. (See table 3, p. 93.)

Despite the growth in U.S. exports in the 1960's, the U.S. share of world

exports of manufactures declined in that decade. 1 The decline in the U.S.

share of world exports of manufacturers was smaller in the 1960's, however,

than it was in the 1950's when European and Japanese industries were

experiencing especially rapid postbellum growth. The United States supplied

22 percent of the world exports of all manufactures in 1969 compared with

25 percent in 1960. The decline in the U.S. share of the world market for chemicals was greater than for any other major manufacturing sector, dropping in 1969 to only 22 percent compared with 30 percent in 1960. As for transport equipment as a whole, the U.S. share of world exports has been

higher in the past 3 years (32 to 34 percent) than it was in the mid-1960's

but about the same as it was in the early 1960's. U.S. exports to the developed countries doubled in value in the period

1960-69 compared with a 60 percent increase to the developing countries.

Canada, the largest foreign outlet for U.S. goods, accounted for 30 percent of

the growth in U.S. exports from 1960 to 1969. As a result of the rapid

expansion in U.S. exports to Japan, that country became the second largest

foreign market for U.S. goods, displacing the United Kingdom. In 1969,

Canada took 24 percent and Japan 9 percent of the U.S. exports. (See table

4, p. 94.)

A part, but evidently only a small part, of the decline in the U.S. trade

balance in the late 1960, s is attributable to the reduction in the financing of U.S. exports by means of foreign assistance programs. Exports financed by

those programs rose in value from $2.7 billion in 1960 to $3.5 billion in 1964, then declined to $3.4 billion in 1966 to $2.7 billion in 1969. As a result

1 World exports are defined as exports from the 14 major industrial countries. These nations, which

account for approximately four-fifths of world exports of manufactures to foreign markets, are: United

States, Austria, Belgium-Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD TRADE 1 1

of the reductions in foreign assistance, the assistance programs accounted for the financing of only 8 percent of the U.S. exports in 1968 and 7 percent in 1969 compared with from 12 to 13 percent in the early and mid 1960's. (See

table 5, p. 94.)

Foreign investment by U.S. companies has both positive and negative

effects so far as the exports of the United States are concerned. Such invest- ment establishes links between businesses in this country and abroad which

tend to increase international trade. However, foreign investment may also act as a substitute for exports of merchandise. While analysis of the net effects of foreign investment on the exports of the country is beyond the scope of this report, studies show that sizeable shares of the U.S. exports of certain products

have gone to foreign affiliates of U.S. firms. Exports of automobiles, machinery, and chemicals to foreign affiliates have been particularly significant.

Moreover, in some parts of the world U.S. affiliates are among the most

important earners of foreign exchange. Such foreign exchange earnings enable

the countries in question to import goods from various countries, including

the United States, which they otherwise would not be able to import.

A sizeable number of Americans are employed in export-related activities. In recent years, the production of goods for export and the provision of

various kinds of services to carry out the export transactions have accounted

for a littie less than 5 percent of the total private employment in the United

States. Export transactions have accounted for more than 10 percent of the employment in the mining and agricultural, forestry, and fishery industries. About 7 percent of the employment in the manufacturing industries has been

attributable to exports.

Import Trends (1960-69)

Of particular significance with respect to U.S. international trade in the 1960's is the increase in imports of manufactured goods. Annual imports of manufactured goods increased in value by 235 percent from 1960 to 1969

whereas the imports of all other merchandise (including crude materials,

fuels, food, beverages, and tobacco) rose only about 60 percent. Manufactured goods accounted for two-thirds of the value of the merchandise

imported in 1969 compared with less than half of the imports in 1960. (See

table 6, p. 95.)

The imports of manufactured goods, like U.S. imports generally, increased

at a fairly slow pace from 1960 to 1964. It was not until 1965 that manufactured goods accounted for more than half of the total value of U.S. merchandise imports. As the following tabulation indicates, manufactured goods

became more and more important in the total import picture as the decade came to a close. The substantial increase in U.S. imports of manufactures in the period

1964-69 coincided with a sharp rise in economic activity in this country.

Unemployment averaged only 3.8 percent of the civilian labor force in the years 1965-69 compared with 5.7 percent in 1960-64. Unfilled orders on the
12 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Imports of Manufactured Goods as a Percent

of Total U.S. Merchandise Imports

1960 47

1961 46

1962 48

1963 48 1964 50

1965 54 1966 58 1967 61 1968 64

1969 66

Source: Calculated from data in 1970 Economic Report of the President, p. 278.

average were equal to about 2.8 times the value of manufacturers' shipments

in the years 1965-69 compared with 2.5 times manufacturers' shipments in 1960-64. Wholesale prices rose on the average by about 12 percent from

1964 to 1969 whereas such prices were nearly stable in the period 1960-64.

Of the $16 billion increase from 1960 to 1969 in the value of U.S. annual

imports of manufactures, automobiles and parts, iron and steel, electrical machinery, nonelectric machinery, and nonferrous metals accounted for 60

percent. Imports of automobiles and parts were almost 8 times as great (in terms of value) in 1969 as they had been in 1960, which contributed significantly to the rapid growth in U.S. imports of manufactures in the late 1960's. In fact, if the imports of automobiles and parts had increased in the period

1960-69 at the same rate as U.S. imports generally, the United States would

have had a trade surplus in 1969 of about $4.5 billion instead of the surplus

that it actually had of only $0.7 billion. 1 (See table 7, p. 95.)

Of special interest with respect to the possibility of the United States adopting the metric system is the international trade in machinery of various

kinds. In the period 1960-69, U.S. annual imports of machinery increased in value from $0.7 billion to $4.4 billion, at a rate almost 4 times that of U.S. imports generally. Among the principal contributors to the recent rise in imports of machinery are engines and parts; metalworking machinery; tele- communications apparatus; office machines; and electron tubes, transistors,

semiconductor devices, and parts.

The developed countries have been the source of the bulk of the increase in U.S. imports in the past few years. Imports from developed countries were more than 3 times greater in 1969 than in 1960 (in terms of value) whereas

imports from developing countries were only about 50 percent greater in the

latter year than in the former. Annual imports from Canada rose from $2.9

billion in 1960 to $4.8 billion in 1965 and to $10.4 billion in 1969, the

largest increase for any one supplier country. (See table 8, p. 96.)

Canada supplied 29 percent of the imports of the United States in 1969

compared with only 23 percent as recently as 1965. Transport equipment,

1 U.S. international trade (both exports and imports) in automotive products rose at a very rapid

rate in the late 1960's largely because of the Canadian Automobile Agreement which resulted in conditional free trade in such products between the United States and Canada. In 1965, the United States had a trade surplus with Canada in automotive products of about $700 million; by the end of the decade, the surplus with Canada was very small and it appears that there may be a deficit in 1970.
THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD TRADE 13

including automobiles which are the subject of a trade agreement between the United States and Canada, accounted for a sizeable part of the recent growth

in U.S. imports from Canada. In 1969, the United States imported from

Canada transport equipment valued at $3.1 billion compared with $0.2 billion i» 1965.
III. POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF METRICATION

ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE

TRADE TRENDS OF MEASUREMENT-STANDARD

SENSITIVE PRODUCTS

Exports: In the period 1965-69, U.S. export trade in those product classes judged to be measurement-standard sensitive (MSS) grew faster than the volume of total U.S. exports. In 1969 exports in MSS product classes totaled $13.9 billion, up from $9.4 billion in 1965, 1 a gain of 47 percent compared

with a 38 percent increase in total exports for the same period. In 1969, MSS

exports accounted for over 36 percent of total U.S. exports. (See app. B for detailed trade statistics of MSS products.)

Exports to Canada, the largest market for U.S. MSS products, were $3.0

billion in 1969, which was $1.1 billion greater than 1965 exports. The second

largest market for U.S. shipments of MSS products is the European Common

Market (EEC), to which exports totaled $2.6 billion in 1969, 62 percent

higher than in 1965. Canada and the EEC accounted for about 40 percent of

total U.S. MSS exports. MSS products exported to the United Kingdom

(U.K.) grew over 57 percent from 1965-69, from $535 million to $840 million. Although exports of MSS products to the U.K. were larger than to Japan

in 1965, the Japanese market grew faster and was slightly larger than the

1 This definition excludes motor vehicle and farm machinery exports to Canada because there are

essentially inter-plant transfers of American companies. More than likely, these exports would not

increase or decrease if the U.S. converted to the metric system. In 1969, these exports were $2.5 billion. The definition also excludes exports of military aircraft because these are generally negotiated sales between the U.S. and foreign governments.

14
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 15

U.K. market in 1969, increasing over 100 percent from $434 million to $883

million. Nearly half of U.S. exports of MSS products go to countries other than

Canada, EEC, U.K., and Japan. Latin American and many Asian countries are important markets for U.S. MSS products.

U.S. Exports of MSS Products, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

Total, all products 13,922.7 11,308.8 9,465.1

3,027.5 2,589.0 2,103.9 EEC 2,581.3 1.931.1 1,563.0 840.1 681.4 534.9 883.2 559.3 434.1

All other 6,590.6 5,548.0 4,829.2

The notion that the U.S. is losing exports in metric countries because its products are not designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering

standards appears to be ill-founded. U.S. exports of MSS products to metric

countries are over twice the exports of nonmetric countries and some of the

fastest growing markets for U.S. MSS products are metric countries, e.g., Japan and EEC. From 1965-69, U.S. exports of MSS products to metric

countries grew 48 percent as compared with a growth of about 45 percent to nonmetric countries.

Value of MSS Exports

(In Billions of Dollars)

Year Tometric

countries

To

nonmetric

countries

1965 6.4 3.0

1966 7.0 3.4

1967 7.6 3.7

1968 8.6 4.0

1969 9.5 4.4

MSS nonelectrical machinery accounts for nearly half of total MSS U.S.

exports. In 1969, MSS exports in this product category were $6.3 billion,

having increased nearly 36 percent over 1965. The nonelectrical machinery

group includes many of the high technology and fastest growing export product classes. For example, exports of electronic computing equipment grew 227

percent from 1965-69. Special industrial machinery increased 82 percent; air conditioning and refrigeration machinery, 64 percent; printing machinery and

parts, almost 63 percent; and industrial trucks and tractors, 46 percent.
16 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Canada and the EEC countries are the chief markets for nonelectrical

machinery identified as MSS, accounting for over 40 percent of these exports.

The fastest growing market was Japan, which increased over 100 percent from

1965-69.

U.S. Exports of Nonelectrical Machinery identified as Measurement-Standard Sensitive, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

6,282.6 5,262.5 4,625.8

1,582.7 1,440.5 1,255.9 EEC 1,098.0 803.5 668.4

388.3 350.5 289.8 Japan 376.2 258.5 184.5

All other 2,837.4 2,409.5 2,227.2

The second most important class of MSS products is transportation equipment, which in 1969 had an export trade volume of $3.0 billion, an increase

of 56 percent from 1965. The EEC countries are the largest single market for MSS transportation equipment, receiving U.S. exports of $657 million in 1969, nearly double the 1965 level. Over 65 percent of MSS transportation equipment exports are commercial

aircraft, aircraft engines and parts. These exports increased over 100 percent

from 1965-69, advancing from $966 million to nearly $2.0 billion. The most

important single market for U.S. commercial aircraft was the EEC. In 1969

U.S. shipment of aircraft and aircraft equipment and parts to the EEC was $557 million or about 28 percent of total exports of commercial aircraft. Other important markets for U.S. produced aircraft are Canada which pur- chased $252 million in 1969 and Japan, $164 million. Excluding exports to Canada, exports of motor vehicles, buses, trucks, and

parts and accessories remained almost unchanged from 1965-69 at a $1

billion level. Latin American countries are major markets for these exports,

U.S. Exports of Transportation Equipment Identified as Measurement-Standard Sensitive, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

3,044.1 2,472.0 1,946.0

Canada 293.2 231.9 102.0 EEC 657.4 504.3 363.5 United Kingdom 101.0 84.9 54.6

189.8 116.2 137.7

All other 1,802.7 1,534.7 1,288.2
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 17

whereas the EEC countries, U.K., and Japan import only small quantities of motor vehicles from the U.S. The third major export category of MSS products is electrical equipment

and supplies, whose exports totaled $2.3 billion in 1969, up 73 percent from

1965. Major exports of MSS electrical equipment are radio and television broadcasting equipment, electrical measuring instruments and test equipment,

motors and generators, and current-carrying wire devices. Canada, an important market for U.S. electrical equipment, imported $527

million of MSS electrical equipment in 1969. The EEC market was the second

largest followed by the U.K. The Japanese market has been growing rapidly; it increased 131 percent from 1965-69, moving from $51 million to $117

million.

U.S. Exports of Electrical Equipment Identified as Measurement-Standard Sensitive, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

2,301.9 1,777.5 1,330.4

Canada 526.8 412.6 294.7 EEC 445.2 346.0 293.3 United Kingdom 238.1 139.7 108.1 117.4 87.1 50.9

All other 974.4 792.1 583.4

Other major export categories of MSS products include primary metals,

mostly steel products. In 1969 these exports were valued at $664 million. Following closely were instruments and related products. These exports,

mostly instruments for measuring, controlling, and indicating physical characteristics, amounted to $640 million in 1969. Finally, about $272 million of lumber and wood products exports were identified as being MSS. These

included mostly veneer and plywood and sawmill and planing mill products.

Imports: U.S. imports of MSS products 2 were $6.0 billion in 1969, 129

percent higher than the 1965 level of $2.6 billion. Measurement-standard

sensitive imports have grown slightly less than total imports, which increased

138 percent from 1965-69. However, the growth of MSS imports was much

greater than MSS exports for the same time period.

2 This definition excludes: (1) Motor vehicles and farm machinery imports from Canada which are mostly interplant transfers of American companies. These exports totaled $3.3 billion in 1969 and are not likely to increase or decrease if the U.S. converted to metric. (2) Imports of consumer radio and

television receiving sets from Japan which are specifically designed and manufactured by Japan for the U.S. market. These imports, $0.7 billion in 1969, would not likely increase or decrease by metrication. (3) Imports of sawmill and planing mill products from Canada because they are either shipped

to the U.S. by affiliates of U.S. companies or they are specifically designed to U.S. standards by Canadian firms for the U.S. market. They would not likely increase or decrease by metrication. These

imports amounted to $0.6 billion in 1969. (4) Imports of steel products because they are specifically designed to U.S. standards and measurements for the U.S. market. They would not likely increase or decrease by metrication. These imports were $1.4 billion in 1969.
18 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The value of MSS imports as a percent of total imports is significantly

lower than the proportion of MSS exports to total exports. In 1969, the import ratio was close to 17 percent as compared with a 36 percent ratio for exports. From 1965-69, the import ratio increased from 12 percent to 17

percent.

The largest supplier of MSS products to the U.S. is the EEC, from which

about 38 percent of the total MSS imports come. In 1969, MSS imports from

the EEC were nearly $2.3 billion, double the 1965 volume of $1.1 billion. Japan is the second largest supplier of MSS products to the U.S., shipping

products totaling $1.4 billion in 1969, up 175 percent from 1965. MSS

imports from the EEC and Japan combined accounted for over 60 percent of

total MSS imports.

MSS imports from the U.K. are barely larger than those from Canada,

amounting to $676 million and $665 million in 1969, respectively. Imports

from Canada grew almost 163 percent from 1965-69, compared with a 65

percent increase from the U.K.

Value-wise, the largest amount of MSS imports is transportation equipment,

particularly motor vehicles from the EEC, at $2.1 billion in 1969, up from

$879.2 million in 1965. Over half of the imports came from the EEC.

In 1969 Japan was the second largest supplier of transportation equipment

to the U.S. after ranking third in 1965. Motor vehicle imports from Japan

increased over 900 percent from 1965-69, rising from $37 million to $372

million. Very close to transportation equipment in value were MSS imports of

nonelectrical machinery, which amounted to $1.9 billion in 1969, 137 percent

above 1965. In 1969, the most important MSS nonelectrical machinery products imported were typewriters and other office equipment ($379 million),

machine tools ($183.2 million), textile machinery ($166.7 million), and

general industrial machinery and equipment ($333.9 million).

Imports from the EEC, the largest supplier of MSS nonelectrical machinery

to the U.S., were $727.1 million in 1969, almost 40 percent of the total value

of MSS nonelectrical machinery imports. Between 1965 and 1969, EEC

imports climbed 113 percent. Major items imported from the EEC were

U.S. Imports of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

Total, all products 6,044.5 3,932.2 2,643.1

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

665.3

2,278.9 675.7

1,361.5

1,063.1

417.1

1,647.1 546.6 688.6

632.8

253.4

1,072.7 408.5 495.6

412.9
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 19

U.S. Imports of Transportation Equipment Identified as Measurement Sensitive, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

2,071.4 1,191.6 879.2

Canada 3 34.2 13.5 12.4 EEC 1,149.3 729.3 502.1 United Kingdom 256.8 184.6 149.3 Japan 502.7 165.9 146.3

All other 128.4 98.3 69.0

3 Excludes motor vehicle imports from Canada which are not classified as MSS.

machine tools, textile machinery, printing trades machinery, typewriters, and

other office equipment.

Aside from the EEC, remaining U.S. imports of MSS nonelectrical machinery were divided almost evenly among Canada, U.K., Japan, and all other

countries. Imports from these countries in 1969 ranged from $265 million to $298 million. The fastest growing supplier of MSS nonelectrical machinery is Japan, whose imports to this country increased over 500 percent, from $49.5

million in 1965 to $298.0 million in 1969.

U.S. Imports of Nonelectrical Machinery Identified as Measurement-Standard Sensitive, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

1,859.8 1,315.0 783.4

Canada 276.7 171.6 103.6 EEC 727.1 560.6 341.4 264.9 233.5 162.6 298.0 139.2 49.5

All other 293.1 210.1 126.3

Electrical equipment and supplies was the third largest U.S. import category

of MSS products. These imports rose 157 percent from 1965-69, advancing

from $467 million to $1.2 billion. In 1969, the largest MSS imports of

electrical equipment were radio and television receiving sets ($224.8 million,

excluding $727 million from Japan which are not classified as MSS); radio

and television broadcasting equipment ($190.9 million); sewing machines

($109.2 million); and household cooking equipment, fans, and other appli- ances (93.9 million).
20 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Japan is the largest single supplier of MSS electrical equipment to the U.S. market, shipping $283 million in 1969, slightly more than from the EEC and

Canada.

U.S. Imports of Electrical Equipment Identified as Measurement-Standard Sensitive, 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

1,200.0 766.4 466.6

220.2 131.1 62.0 EEC 233.2 193.6 104.7 United Kingdom 118.7 95.6 73.4 282.8 195.5 147.0

All other 345.1 150.6 79.5

Other MSS product categories with significant U.S. import volume in 1969

include veneer, plywood, and hardwood flooring ($334 million); fabricated

metal products ($271 million); instruments and related products ($177 million); and primary metal products ($132 million).

Trade Balance: The U.S. runs a favorable trade balance in those products

identified as MSS. Throughout the last half of the sixties, this trade surplus was relatively stable, as compared with a declining surplus for total foreign trade for the same time period. In 1969, the surplus for MSS products was

$7.9 billion, about $1.1 billion above the 1965 surplus. The U.S. has an MSS

trade surplus with all countries, except Japan. The trade MSS deficit with

Japan increased 678 percent from 1965-69, climbing from $61.5 million to $478.3 million. The largest U.S. trade surplus of MSS products is with Canada. In 1969,

this surplus was $2.4 billion, up from $1.9 billion in 1965. In 1969, the trade surplus with the EEC was quite small, amounting to $300 million; however, it fluctuates quite significantly, ranging from a $490 million surplus in 1965 to a $70 million deficit in 1968.

Over 70 percent of the U.S. trade surplus in MSS products is with countries

other than Canada, EEC, United Kingdom, and Japan. Latin American countries and Asian countries, other than Japan, all import more MSS products

from the U.S. than the U.S. imports from them.

The U.S. manages to maintain a trade surplus in all major MSS product

categories, except for a small deficit in lumber and wood products. Over 56

percent of the MSS trade surplus occurs in nonelectrical machinery products,

which in 1969 was $4.4 billion. The trade surplus in electrical equipment and

transportation equipment was $1.1 billion and $973 million in 1969 respectively. The electrical equipment surplus increased from 1965-69, but the transportation equipment surplus swung from a high of $1.4 billion in 1968 to a low of $973 million in 1969.
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 21

U.S. Trade Balance for Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products 1969, 1967, 1965

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1967 1965

Total, all products 7,878.2 7,376.6 6,822.0

2,362.2 302.4

164.4

(478.3) 5,527.5

2,171.9 284.0

134.8

(129.3) 4,915.2

1,850.5 490.3

126.4

(61.5) 4,416.3

EEC

All other

IMPORTANCE OF THE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

As part of the BDC survey, U.S. exporters and importers were asked to rank the five most important factors currently promoting and deterring their trade. 4 Insofar as the measurement factor—whether metric or U.S. customary—is concerned, the survey shows that U.S. exporters and importers

consider it to have only slight effects on their trade. Invariably, the measure- ment system used to design and manufacture products ranked near the bottom

of all factors affecting foreign trade. The results of an earlier Department of Commerce (DOC) survey tend to support the views of the exporters and importers in the BDC survey. The

DOC surveyed the Directors of U.S. Trade Centers in Stockholm, Milan,

London, Frankfurt, and Bangkok, and those Washington-based officers responsible for foreign trade exhibits to seek their views on whether the U.S. customary measurement system was a detriment to U.S. trade. In general, the DOC survey revealed that U.S. nonuse of the metric system

in the manufacture of its products had presented no serious difficulties to U.S.

exhibitors in making sales abroad. However, there were instances where some

exhibitors lost business or were put to greater expense in concluding sales because their products were not metric. The Directors surveyed indicated that U.S. conversion to the metric system would improve sales of U.S. products in various countries; however, the situation was not preclusive to most U.S.

firms. Factors Affecting MSS Product Exports: U.S. exporters of MSS products

indicated that the top three factors promoting sales abroad are reputation and

reliability, superior technology, and high quality of products. These three factors accounted for nearly sixty percent of the total rankings by U.S. exporters.

Other factors cited by U.S. exporters as promoting foreign sales were: U.S.

prices are competitive with foreign producers, product maintenance and servicing is available abroad, U.S. companies maintain vigorous export promo4 This was restricted to nine major markets (countries): Canada, United Kingdom. West Germany,

France, Belgium-Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Italy, Japan, and Mexico.
22 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

tion programs, and local and third country competiton is either weak or

lacking.

Admittedly, many of these factors are not mutually exclusive, but the major

thrust of the findings is that the measurement system used to design and

manufacture U.S. products is only a marginal factor in promoting sales abroad. Only 1 .6 percent of the total rankings cited the measurement system

as promoting exports. In those instances where U.S. exporters cited deterrents to sales abroad, they

generally stated that their prices were not competitive, there was strong local and third country competition, high tariff duties, or high shipping costs. These

four factors accounted for 66 percent of the total rankings deterring U.S.

exports.

As was the case with the promoting factors, U.S. exporters considered the measurement factor as marginal in deterring sales abroad. The measurement

factor received only 3 percent of the total deterring rankings. See tables below.

Factors Promoting U.S. Exports of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products

Total Percent weighted of

rankings 5 . total

1. Reputation and reliability of product 7,108 22.0

2 Superior technology of product 6,304 19.5

3. High quality product 5,351 16.6

4. Competitive pricing : 2,591 8.0

5. Product maintenance and servicing is available 2,448 7.6

6. 2,403 7.5

7. Vigorous company export promotion program 1,975 6.1

8. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards 423 1.3

9. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards 111 0.3

10. All others 3,536 11.1

Total 32,250 100.0

The reputation and reliability of U.S. products play a critical role in exporting most MSS products. Foreigners like to buy U.S. products because they have

confidence in their performance and durability. U.S. exporters rated reputation

and reliability as the most important factor promoting exports of primary

metals, fabricated metal products, nonelectrical machinery, transportation

equipment, and instruments and related products. Exporters of wood and

lumber products and electrical equipment ranked it as the second and third most important factors respectively.

Unquestionably, another important factor which gives U.S. exporters a sig- nificant edge over foreign producers is the superior technology of their products. Exporters of electrical equipment ranked superior technology as the number one factor promoting trade, particularly of electrical measuring instruG See footnote on next page.
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 23

Factors Deterring U.S. Exports of Measurement-Standards

Sensitive Products

rci ct^n i U/Pl an t pH of

t*h nV in

total

1. Prices firp not onmnptitivp 5,185 25.2

2. Strong local and third country competition 3,708 18.0

3. High tariff duties 2,379 11.5

4. 2,373 11.5

5. 1,571 7.6

6. 875 4.2

7. 857 4.2

8. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards 563 2.7

9. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards 96 0.5

10. 3,007 14.6

Total 20,614 100.0

5 U.S. exporters/ importers were asked to rank the five most important factors promoting/deterring

their trade. For example, a factor, in the aggregate, may have been ranked one, fifty times; 2, forty-five times; 3, forty times; 4, none; 5, ten times. To statistically come up with a composite ranking for each

factor, they were weighted, a number one ranking was weighted with a factor of five, a number 2, 4;

3, 3; 4, 2; and 5, 1. In the example, the composite ranking would be 560.

ments, motors and generators, welding apparatus, radio and television broadcasting equipment, and semiconductors.

Exporters of nonelectrical equipment ranked superior technology as the second most important factor promoting foreign sales. However, for many

categories of nonelectrical machinery it is the most important factor. Exporters of machine tools, food products machinery, paper industries machinery,

mechanical power transmission equipment, and electronic computing equipment all rely on technology to promote sales abroad.

In the transportation equipment group, exporters indicated that technology was the most important factor promoting sales of commercial aircraft abroad.

Exporters of motor vehicles rated it second, ranking it behind reputation and

reliability of product.

The BDC survey revealed that the prices of many U.S. products are not

competitive with comparable foreign-made products. Rarely did U.S. exporters rate price as the top factor promoting U.S. sales abroad. When it was rated

as a promoting factor, it generally was ranked fourth or fifth. Many exporters commented on the adverse effect that rising input costs were having on their competitiveness with foreign producers. Rising product

costs coupled with high tariff duties and high shipping costs were the most

frequently mentioned obstacles to greater U.S. sales abroad. U.S. prices were

the major deterrent to exporting steel, standard fasteners, farm machinery,

machine tools, radio and television broadcasting equipment, motor vehicles,
24 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

hoists and industrial cranes, and other products. This is not to imply that the U.S. does not export in these categories, but that price is an important

deterrent to selling abroad.

As stated previously, exporters rated the measurement system used to design and manufacture products as being insignificant when related to other

factors for which trade is a function. This was almost universally true for most

products.

Exporters of steel products indicated that the measurement system had

absolutely no effect on foreign sales. Exporters of airconditioning and refrigeration equipment, farm machinery, construction machinery, paper industries machinery, special industry machinery, mechanical power transmission equipent, ball and roller bearings, household equipment and appliances, surgical

and medical instruments, and radio and television broadcasting equipment, all indicated that the measurement system had very slight effect on foreign trade. Exporters of standard fasteners, hand tools, machine tools, standard valves

and pipe fittings, standard pumps and compressors, and plumbing fixture fit- tings indicated that the measurement system had some effect on exports, but

it did not preclude exporting. Other factors were cited as more important than

measurement in influencing exports—namely, price. Exporters of custom-built

pumps and compressors, valves and pipe fittings, fasteners, machine tools,

representing the major portion of U.S. trade in these products, are not hindered by the measurement system in selling abroad.

The following tables list the most important factors promoting and deterring U.S. exports of MSS by major product grouping.

Factors identified as Affecting U.S. Exports for Products

Classified as MSS in Major Product Groups

Wood and lumber products

Promoting factors Deterring factors

1. High quality products

2. Prices are competitive

3. Reputation and reliability of product

4. Vigorous company export program

5. Growing foreign market. . .

.

6. Measurement systems 6

7. All others

Total

Percent of

total rankings

1. High shipping costs

2. Prices are not competitive. . .

.

3. Stagnant foreign market

4. High tariff duties

5. Strong local and third country competition

6. Measurement systems 6

7. All others

Percent of

total rankings

22.3

21.1

16.8

12.1 9.5

1 .4 16.8

17.1 16.6

12.8

12.3

11.2

5.3 24.7

100.0 100.0
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 25

Factors Identified as Affecting U.S. Exports for Products

Classified as MSS in Major Product Groups—Continued

Primary metal products

Promoting factors Deterring factors

1. Reputation and reliability of products

2. Higher quality products.

3. Prices are competitive ...

4. Superior technology

5. Lack of local and third country competition. . .

6. Measurement systems 6 . .

7. All others

Total

Percent of

total rankings

18.8 2. 14.7

14.1 3 12.5 4

5. 11.0 6. 0.3 7 28.6

100.0

Prices are not competitive . . Strong local and third country competition

High shipping costs High tariff duties No technological advantage Measurement systems 6 All others

Fabricated metal products

Promoting factors Deterring factors

1. Reputation and reliability

2. Higher quality product

3 . Super technology of product

5. Growing foreign markets. . .

7. All others

Percent of

total rankings

1 . Prices are not competitive

2. High tariff duties

3. Strong local and third country competition

4. High shipping costs

5. No technological advantage

7. All others

Percent of

total rankings

22.2

21.8

17.0

13.5 7.8 2.5

15.2

25.3

17.3

14.8

11.1 7.2

5.1 19.2

Total 100.0 100.0
26 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Factors Identified as Affecting U.S. Exports for Products

Classified as MSS in Major Product Groups—Continued

Nonelectrical machinery and equipment

Promoting factors Deterring factors

1. Reputation and reliability of product

2. Superior technology of product

3. Higher quality product. . . 4. Product mainter nee and

servicing available

5. Prices are competitive. ..

.

6. Growing foreign market. , 7. Measurement systems . . . 8. All others

Total

Percent of

total rankings

1 22 9 2

19 7 3 15 5 4

5 9 1 6 6 8 7 6 5 2 0

17 5

Prices are not competitive . . Strong local and third country competition

High shipping costs High tariff duties No technological advantage. Measurement systems 6 All others

100.0

Electrical equipment and supplies

Promoting factors Deterring factors

9.

Superior technology of pro- duct Reputation and reliability of product

Higher quality products

Prices are competitive

Growing foreign markets. . Lack of local and third country competition Product maintenance and

servicing is available Measurement systems 6

. . . . All others

Total

Percent of

total rankings

24.5

19.7 19.0

9.9 9.0

5.0

4.4

1.6 6.9

1 . Strong local and third country

and competitive

2. Prices are not competitive. . .

.

3. No technological advantage

of products

4. High tariff duties

5. No company export promotion program

6. High shipping costs

7. Measurement systems 6

8. All others

100.0
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 27

Factors Identified as Affecting U.S. Exports for Products

Classified as MSS in Major Product Groups—Continued

Transportation equipment

Promoting factors Deterring factors

1. Reputation and reliability of product

2. Superior technology

3. Higher quality products

4. Product maintenance and

servicing is available

5. Vigorous company export

promotion program

6. Growing foreign markets .. . 7. Measurement systems 6

8. All others

Total

Percent of

total rankings

1 . Nontariff barriers

2. Prices are not competitive ....

3. Strong local and third

4. High shipping costs

5. Stagnant foreign market

6. No quality advantage of product

7. Measurement system 6

8. All others

Percent of

total rankings

24.0

21.6

11.8

9.4

7.3 7.2

0.1 18.6

21.0

20.6

16.6

14.8 7.6

5.3 2.3

11.8

100.0 100.0

Instruments and related products

Promoting factors Deterring factors

1. Reputation and reliability of product

2. Higher quality product

3. Superior technology

4. Growing foreign markets. . .

5. Product maintenance and

servicing is available

6. Vigorous company export promotion program

7. Measurement systems 6

8. All others

Percent of

total rankings

1 . Prices are not competitive ....

2. No company export pro- motion program

3. Strong local and third country competition

4. No quality advantage of

5. Product maintenance and

servicing is not available

6. Measurement systems 6

7. All others

Percent of

total rankings

21.9

19.6

17.2

11.5

8.0

6.5 0.6

14.7

23.4

13.1

12.1

11.2

6.4

5.8 28.0

Total 100.0 100.0

6 This includes the combined rankings for the two measurement-standard factors: Products

are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and engineering standards and products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards.
28 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Factors Affecting Imports of MSS Products: The BDC survey asked U.S. importers to rate the five most important factors promoting and deterring

buying of foreign made MSS products. Most of the importers surveyed were

U.S. manufacturers who either imported the goods directly from abroad or bought them from an import broker, agent, or foreign manufacturer's representative. As expected U.S. importers rated competitive price as the most important

factor promoting the purchase of foreign-made products. Nearly one-third of

the total rankings favored the competitive pricing factor. The second most

important factor promoting imports was the reputation and reliability of for- eign-made products. Combined, they account for 50 percent of the factors promoting the purchase of foreign-made products.

As with exporters, U.S. importers rated the measurement system used to design and manufacture foreign-made products as having only slight effects on

the promotion of trade in foreign products. The only instances where measure- ment was a significant factor were in wood and lumber products and primary

metal products. Importation of these products is greatly enhanced if they are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary measurements and engineering

standards. Only 3.4 percent of the total rankings rated the measurement factor

as being important.

Insofar as imports are concerned, U.S. importers rated the top deterrents accounting for 60 percent of the total rankings as no technological advantage, no quality advantage, and noncompetitive prices. Other factors cited were

strong U.S. competition, product maintenance and servicing not available,

and no company sales promotion program. Measurement was rated as not having much effect in deterring U.S. imports. It received only 2.7 percent of the total rankings. This is rather interesting inasmuch as over 50 percent of

Factors Promoting U.S. Imports of MSS Products

Total Percent weighted of total rankings

1. 2,240 31.1

2. Reputation and reliability of products 1,390 19.3

3. 705 9.8

4. 700 9.7

5. 535 7.4

6. Product maintenance and servicing is available 410 5.7

7. 375 5.2

8 Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

245 3.4

9. Vigorous company import sales promotion program 225 3.1

10. Low shipping costs 95 1.3

11. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards 5 0.1

12. 270 3.9

Total 7,195 100.0
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 29

the total imports of MSS products in the survey were products designed and

manufactured in metric units and engineering standards.

Factors Deterring U.S. Imports of MSS Products

Total Percent weighted of

rankings total

1. 2,490 22.7

2. 2,217 20.2

5.

1 n a i i,y47 noI /.5 4. Strong U S competition 930 8.5

<

j. OJ I 7 fi

6. 741 6.8

7. High shipping costs 387 3.5

8. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and

engineering standards 294 2.7

9. High U.S. tariff duties 177 1.6

10. Stagnant U.S. market 21 0.2

11. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

15 0.1

12. All others 906 8.3

Total 10,962 100.0

Unquestionably, competitive pricing was ranked by U.S. importers as the top factor promoting the importation of every major category of measurement-standard sensitive products. For MSS products classified as primary

metals, nearly 40 percent of the total rankings by U.S. importers favored the

factor of competitive pricing. Similarly, competitive pricing received over

one-third of the ranking of U.S. importers for fabricated metal products,

electrical equipment, and transportation equipment. Data for instruments and

related products are sparse and are not reported to avoid possible disclosures. Reputation and reliability was rated the second most important factor promoting MSS imports classified as wood and lumber, primary metals, nonelectrical machinery, electrical equipment, and transportation equipment.

Rarely did U.S. importers rate the measurement factor as important in promoting exports except for wood and lumber products and primary metal

products. For wood and lumber products, U.S. importers ranked measurement

as the fourth among promoting factors. In fact, this is the only instance where

the measurement factor accounted for anything like 15 percent of the total rankings.

Similarly, the importation of primary metal products is also greatly en- hanced if they are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and

engineering standards. Importers ranked this factor as the fifth most important,

receiving 7 percent of the total rankings.

The only other product category where the measurement system was identified as promoting U.S. imports was electrical equipment. However, it was

rated quite low in relation to all other promoting factors.
30 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

More interesting than rankings of promoting factors was the ranking of deterring factors by U.S. importers. There was much less agreement among

U.S. importers on what factors deterred the importation of foreign-made

products. For example, U.S. importers of fabricated steel products and trans- portation equipment rated "strong U.S. competition" as the leading deterring

factor. Importers of primary metals rated "no company import sales pro- gram" as the chief deterring factor. Nonelectrical machinery importers indi- cated that the lack of technological advantage over domestic machinery was

the number one hindrance to importing foreign-made machinery. Importers of wood and lumber products and electrical equipment said that their prices were

not competitive. This factor deterred them from importing. This appears to be

inconsistent with the earlier statement that importers in these same product

categories had ranked "competitive pricing" as the leading promoting factor; however, U.S. importers in most instances are referring to different products

in the same product groupings. Certain MSS products imported in these product categories are competitively priced, but other MSS products included

in the survey which are not imported in large volume, are hindered by price.

Importers of fabricated metal products, nonelectrical machinery, and trans- portation equipment indicated the measurement factor had slight effect on

trade. Because these groups of foreign-made products are generally designed

and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards, they are slightly more difficult to sell in the domestic market. Of the total deterring rankings by

Factors Affecting the Importation of MSS Products

Wood and lumber products

Promoting Deterring

1.

2.

3.4.

Prices are competitive

Reputation and reliability of product

Lack of U.S. competition. .

.

Products are designed and

manufactured in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards Higher quality product

Growing U.S. market Company import sales promotion program

All others.

Total

Percent of

total rankings

25.0

16.7

16.7

14.9

8.3 6.7

5.0

6.7

Percent of

total rankings

1. Prices are not competitive. .

2. No quality advantage of product

3. High shipping costs

4. No technological advantage

of product

5. Strong U.S. competition . .

.

6. Measurement systems

7. All others

33.3

24.2

20.8

11.7 2.5

7.5

100.0 100.0
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 31

Factors Affecting the Importation of MSS Products—Continued

Primary metal products

Promoting Deterring

1 . Prices are competitive

2. Reputation and reliability of product

3. Company import sales promotion program

4. Lack of U.S. competition. . .

5. Products are designed and

manufactured in U.S. customary units and

engineering standards

7. Higher quality product

8. Superior technology

9. All others

Total

Percent of

total rankings

1 . No company import sales promotion

2. No technological advantage

r\f nrnHurt

3. Prices are not competitive. . . . 4. No quality advantage of product

5. Strong U.S. competition

6. Measurement systems

7. All others

Percent of

total rankings

39.6

24.1

11.4

8.8

7.0

2.6

2.6

2.6

1.3

24.6

23 .6 19.6

17.3

5.3

9.6

100.0 100.0

Fabricated metal products

Promoting Deterring

1 . Prices are competitive

2. Higher quality products

3. Reputation and reliability of

4. Lack of U.S. competition. . .

5. Superior technology

Total

Percent of

total rankings

1. Strong U.S. competition

2. No quality advantage of product

3. No technological advantage

4. Prices are not competitive. . .

5. High shipping costs

6. Product maintenance and

servicing not available

7. No company sales import

promotion program

8. Products are designed and

manufactured in metric

units and engineering standards

9. All others

Percent of

total rankings

33.3 26.7

20.0

13.3 6.7

16.4

16.1

14.1

14.1 7.3

6.7

4.8

3.4

7.6

100.0 100.0
32 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Factors Affecting the Importation of MSS Products—Continued

Nonelectrical machinery

Promoting Deterring

1. Prices are competitive

1 Rpniitation anrl reliahilitv* of

3. Superior technology

4. Higher quality products

5. Growing U.S. market

6. Lack of U.S. competition

8. All others

Total

Percent of

total rankings

1. No technology advantage

2 NIn duality aHvantat?p

3. Prices are not competitive ...

.

4. Product maintenance and

servicing not available

5. Strong U.S. competition

6. No company import sales

7. Products are designed and

manufactured in metric

units and engineering standards

8. All others

Percent of

total rankings

22.9

17.5 14.9

14.7 9.6

5.8

14.6

28.5

21.6 11.9

11.5

10.5

4.8

3.7

7.5

100.0 100.0

Electrical equipment

Promoting Deterring

Percent Percent of of

total total rankings rankings

1. Prices are competitive 35.3 1. Prices are not competitive. . .

.

25.3

2. Reputation and reliability of 2. No technological advantage

19.2 21.2

3. Lack of U.S. competition 10.1 3. No quality advantage of

4. 9.0 21.2

5. Higher quality product 8.2 4. No company import sales

6. Product maintenance and promotion program 6.4

servicing is available 6.3 5. Product maintenance and

7. Products are designed and servicing is not available 4.7 manufactured in U.S. 6. Strong U.S. competition 2.7 customary units and en- 7. High U.S. tariff duties 2.5

gineering standards 3.8 8.

8. Growing U.S. market 3.6 9. 8.5

9. 4.5

Total 100.0 100.0
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 33

Factors Affecting the Importation of MSS Products—Continued

Transportation equipment

Promoting Deterring

1 . Prices are competitive

2. Reputation and reliability of

Percent of

total rankings

2. No technological advantage

of product

Percent of

total rankings

34.1

19.2

17.8 9.0

6.3

6.3

7.3

JJ.A

T 1 Q L\ .y

10.5 9.9 8.9

3.7 9.9

3. Product maintenance and

servicing is available

4. Higher quality product

6. Growing U.S. market

8. All others

Total

3. No quality advantage of product

4. High U.S. tariffs

5. High shipping costs

6. Products are designed and

manufactured in metric

units and engineering standards

7. All others

100.0 100.0

importers of fabricated metal products, 3.4 percent were for the measurement

factor; for electrical machinery, 3.7 percent; and transportation equipment,

3.7 percent.

ESTIMATED EFFECTS OF U.S. METRICATION ON

FOREIGN TRADE

Impact on Exports: Available data indicate that U.S. exports in all probability would improve moderately by conversion to the metric system. However, contrary to speculation, the potential increase in U.S. exports resulting

from metrication would not approach $10-25 billion. Such speculation clearly

underestimates ability of U.S. exporters to sell in foreign markets. Clearly, if there was a potential $10-25 billion market abroad for U.S. exporters, they

would have made the necessary conversion to metric long before now. As part of the BDC survey, U.S. exporters were asked to estimate the percentage change in their 1975 export trade over their 1970 trade, assuming,

among other things (a) the U.S. maintained its current measurement system,

and (b) the U.S. converted to the metric system in 1970. The rationale for asking exporters to make these two estimates was to hold constant all variables on which foreign trade is dependent except the measurement system, and

to ascertain the effect, if any, metrication would have on exports. Put

differently, the effects of metrication would be the net difference between the respondents' two estimates.

Out of the 395 respondents, 55 percent stated there would be "no change"

in their 1975 exports over the 1970 trade levels assuming the U.S. maintained
34 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

':- nts Estimated Percent Change in Export

Shipments in 1975 as Compared with 1970 Assuming the

U.S. Maintained its Current Measurement System

(Number of Respondents)

Estimated percentage change

Plus Minus

No change

4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 100.0 4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 and to to to to and and to to to "o

less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9 over less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9

2 9 19 38 30 17 220 8 23 21 8

its current measurement system. Some of the Nation's largest corporations,

which reported significant increases in exports from 1967-69, were among the respondents who estimated "no change." In most instances the "no change" answer merely reflected the respondent's view that the effect of metrication on

his firm's export position would be negligible. "No change" did not mean that the respondent's export level would remain unchanged between 1970 and

1975. Another reason for the "no change" answer was that not many U.S. firms

make 5-year projections of exports, particularly by product class. This fact was established in another DOC study. The reason may also be that it was easier

for the respondents to merely check the "no change" block rather than take

the time to make a quantity estimate.

At any rate, 45 percent of the respondents estimated that there would be a percentage change in 1975 exports over 1970 assuming the U.S. maintained

its current measurement system. About 29 percent projected an increase in exports; over half of these projected a gain of 25 percent or more. About 15

percent of the respondents estimated a decline in exports from 1970-75 if the U.S. maintained its current measurement system. Nearly half of those

respondents projecting a decline estimated a decrease of 25 percent or more. (Four other respondents reported increases in exports but declined to quantify

their estimates. Similarly, 15 respondents reported decreases.)

Estimates of exports assuming the U.S. had converted to the metric system were much higher than exports expected assuming the maintenance of the current measurement system. Over 41 percent of the respondents thought

1975 exports would be higher assuming the U.S. converted as compared with

only 29 percent who projected increases assuming maintenance of the current

system. Similarly, only 2.5 percent indicated a decline with conversion as compared with 15 percent estimating a decline assuming the U.S. maintained

the current system. Nearly all exporters who foresaw a decline in exports

under the current system of measurement expected an improvement or gain in their exports if the U.S. converted to the metric system. The number reporting
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 35

Respondents' Estimated Percent Change in Export

Shipments in 1975 as Compared with 1970 Assuming the

U.S. Converted to the Metric System in 1970

(Number of Respondents)

Estimated percentage change

Plus Minus

4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 100.0 No change 4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 and to to to to and and to to to to

less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9 over less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9

3 25 43 34 36 18 218 3 4 1 1

"no change" in 1975 exports remained almost the same under both assumptions. Unweighted, the foregoing estimates suggest there would be an improvement in U.S. exports if the U.S. converted to the metric system, but the question is "how much?" The foregoing analysis gives the same weight to a small

exporter as it does to a large exporter. Consequently, it was necessary to relate the respondents' estimates to their trade to determine whether there would be

a net increase or decrease in their exports if the U.S. maintained its current measurement system or converted to metric. On a weighted basis, U.S. exporters estimated their 1975 exports would be

larger if the U.S. converted to the metric system in 1970 than if it maintained

its current system. Taking respondents' estimates for both assumptions and

relating them to 1969 export trade volume indicates that 1975 exports of respondents would be 2.7 percent larger if the U.S. converted to the metric

system. By MSS product grouping, the percentage varies significantly. Exporters in 29 MSS product groupings indicated 1975 trade would be larger if the U.S. had converted to the metric system, and those in 8 MSS product groupings indicated no change in trade levels. Only two product groupings showed

higher exports if the U.S. maintained its current system. Data were also compiled for 19 other product groupings, which indicates there would be an improvement in U.S. trade if the U.S. converted; however, they are not reported because they are sparse and would involve disclosures. A rough calculation using a straight-line projection yields an estimate of $20.6 billion of U.S. exports of MSS products in 1975, if the U.S. maintained

its current measurement system. Applying the exporters' 2.7 percent estimate

to the projected 1975 level if the U.S. maintained its current measurement

system, it is estimated that U.S. exports would be about $21.2 billion if the U.S. converted. The difference between the two estimates is $600 million. Whether the 2.7 percent estimate will increase over time cannot be demonstrated with the available data. However, the probabilities are that it will increase if the rest of the English-speaking world converts to the metric

system.
36 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Estimated Percent Difference in the 1975 Exports

of Respondents if the U.S. Converted to the Metric System

Rather than Maintain iJs Current Measurement System

Description of MSS products Percent

difference

Veneer and plywood

Steel mill products

Copper mill products Mechanics' hand service tools Fabricated platework products

Valves and pipe fittings Internal combustion engines

Farm machinery

Construction machinery

Mining machinery

Hoists, cranes, and monorails Metalworking machinery

Machine tool accessories Food products machinery

Textile machinery

Printing trades machinery

Special industry machinery

Pumps and compressors

Ball and roller bearings Power transmission equipment

Typewriters

Electronic computing equipment

Calculating and accounting machines

Refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.

Electronic measuring equipment

Welding apparatus

Household refrigerators and freezers Current carrying wiring devices Radio and TV communication equipment. . . . Semiconductors Motor vehicles Commerical aircraft and parts Engineering and scientific instruments

Optical instruments and lenses Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls

Surgical and medical instruments

Surgical appliances and supplies

15.7

3.2

13.1 3.0

5.9

0.7

5.3 0.6

5.2

3.2

1.3 0.6

6.0

10.5 6.6

17.7

-0.6

0.2

0.4

5.2 -0.7

2.5

2.2

0.7

0.1 2.6

0.5

3.3

Impact on Imports: Most U.S. importers in the BDC survey indicate that U.S. conversion to the metric system would have little or no effect on trade. Many importers explained that they have overcome most of the problems

connected with measurement and engineering standards. For example, a sig- nificant portion of U.S. imports is designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards and is readily marketable in the U.S. The largest U.S. import in value of MSS products is motor vehicles, most of which,
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 37

excluding those coming from U.S. affiliates in Canada, are designed and

manufactured in metric units and engineering standards. The chief reason

these imports are marketable are price, their reputation and reliability, and the extensive maintenance and servicing system foreign manufacturers have established in the U.S. It can be argued that U.S. imports of motor vehicles would

rise if the U.S. converted because there would be more maintenance outlets available to owners of foreign-made vehicles of metric design. However,

knowledgeable sources indicate that this is doubtful because the number of auto repair shops providing service to metric design motor vehicles is increasing each year. Morever, U.S. manufacturers are increasing the use of metric

parts on their motor vehicles so eventually most auto repair shops will be

providing service to both metric and U.S. customary designed and engineered

motor vehicles. Similarly, U.S. imports of textile, printing, and paper machinery are examples of products which are generally designed and manufactured in metric

units and engineering standards but are marketable in the U.S. To overcome many of the measurement and standard problems connected with these types

of machinery, foreign manufacturers supply metric tools to their customers and have established inventories of spare parts and components in the U.S. to readily service their machinery. This may be an added cost to foreign manufacturers, but in most instances they are generally able to absorb the cost and

price their machinery below comparable U.S. -made machinery.

Another large segment of imports which would not likely be affected by

U.S. conversion to the metric system is veneer and plywood products. Foreign

manufacturers have a substantial portion of the U.S. market for these products

because their products are generally designed to U.S. customary measurement

units and standards. If the U.S. converted to the metric system, foreign

producers would in all probability ship their products in metric, and the result would have little effect on imports.

Another large segment of imports which would not likely be affected by

by U.S. conversion is the importation of equipment and parts such as sewing

machines, typewriters and semiconductors from foreign affiliates of U.S. parent companies.

Importer respondents to the BDC survey indicated that there would be little or no percent change in imports in 1975 over 1970 if the U.S. converted to the metric system or maintained its current system.

A total of 124 respondents made estimates of 1975 imports assuming the U.S. maintained its current measurement system. As was the case with exporters, a very high percentage (67 percent) stated that there would be "no

change" in their 1975 imports over 1970 trade levels. Twenty percent esti- mated an increase in imports, and 13 percent a decline. When asked to estimate the percent change in their 1975 imports over 1970

assuming the U.S. had converted to the metric system, the same respondents

made estimates similar to those made assuming the U.S. maintained its current measurement system. There was no discernible change in these estimates to indicate that U.S. imports would be affected in any important way. The

percent of respondents reporting "no change" was 69 percent, up slightly from
38 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Respondents' Estimated Percent Change in imports

Between 1970 and 1975 Assuming the U.S. Maintained

Its Current Measurement System

(Number of Respondents)

Estimated percentage change

Plus Minus

4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 100.0 No change 4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 and to to to to and and to to to to

less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9 over less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9

1 3 9 12 0 0 83 1 6 9 0 0

the percent estimated assuming the U.S. would maintain its current measure- ment system.

Furthermore, when importers' estimates were related to import trade level to determine whether imports would be larger if the U.S. maintained its current system or converted to metric, there was only a small increase, less than 1 percent. The conclusion to be drawn from these estimates is that U.S. importers would not expect their trade to be affected if the U.S. converted to the metric system.

Respondents' Estimated Percent Change in Imports in 1975 as Compared with 1970 Assuming the U.S. Converted

to the Metric System

(Number of Respondents)

Estimated percentage change

Plus Minus

4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 100.0 No change 4.9 5.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 and to to to to and and to to to to

less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9 over less 9.9 24.9 49.9 99.9

1 4 9 11 1 85 2 4 5

m*fi<JMu*m41 SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZING

U.f FOREIGN TRADE

Measurement Systems of U.S. Exports: From 1967-69, export shipments of

MSS products by U.S. exporters reporting in the BDC survey grew faster than

total U.S. exports of MSS products. Export shipments by U.S. exporters

reporting in the BDC survey grew 27 percent as compared with a 23 percent

increase for total U.S. shipments of MSS products. Moreover, export ship-
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 39

Shipments by Respondents in BDC Survey 1967-69

(Percent of Total)

Type of shipment 1967 1968 1969

Percent change

from

1967-69

Total shipments 100.0 100.0 100.0 20 Domestic 91 .2 91.1 90.7 19.5 Export 8.8 8.9 9.3 26.9

ments of respondents in the BDC survey actually increased more from

1967-69 than did domestic shipments. Export shipments increased 27 per- cent while domestic shipments increased 19.5 percent.

U.S. Exports by Type of Measurement, 1967-69

(Percent)

Type of measurement 1967 1968 1969

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

a. Products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards 90.4 91 .6 89.6

b. Products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards but described in metric

units 9.0 7.9 10.0

c. Products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards but substantially modified or changed to include metric parts, components, or subassemblies 0.3 0.3 0.3

d. Products designed and manufactured in metric units and

engineering standards 0.3 0.2 0.1

During the period 1967-69, about 90 percent of total MSS exports were

designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and standards. About 8 to 10 percent of total exports are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards, but are also described in metric units in

labels, packages, engineering drawings, or catalogs. Less than 1 percent of exports are designed in metric units and engineering standards. Less than one

percent of exports are products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards but substantially modified or changed to include parts, components, or subassemblies in metric units. About two-thirds of the export shipments by respondents in the BDC

survey went to foreign customers other than foreign affiliates. The remainder,

or about 35 percent of the shipments, goes to foreign affiliates. Of the shipments to foreign affiliates, about 60 percent are shipped for resale. The

remainder are shipped for further processing and assembly.
40 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Despite the fact that export shipments to foreign affiliates increased nearly

30 percent from 1967-69, the proportion of these shipments to total shipments remained relatively constant. In other words, exports of MSS products

to both foreign affiliates and other foreign customers grew at nearly the same

rate.

Export Shipments by Type of Customer

(Percent)

Type of customer 1967 1968 1969

100.0 100.0 100.0

a. To foreign affiliates 34.3 31.7 34.9

b. To other foreign customers 65.7 68.3 65.1

Export shipments to foreign affiliates 100.0 100.0 100.0

a. For further processing or assembly 37.3 39.3 38.0

b. For re-sale without further manufacture 61.2 59.2 60.6

c. Other 1.5 1.5 1.4

In the BDC survey, U.S. exporters were asked if they designed and manufactured products in both U.S. customary and metric units and engineering

standards. About 17 percent stated that they manufactured in both measure- ment systems. Since the level of export shipments reported as designed and

manufactured in metric units and engineering standards is so small, it is believed that respondents included in their answer exports which involved only

"soft" changes. These are products designed and manufactured in U.S. cus- tomary units and engineering standards, but described in metric terms in engineering drawings, labels, packages, or catalogues. Respondents who had

indicated that they did not produce in metric measurements, were asked if they found it a hindrance in exporting. About 17 percent reported that it did

hinder their exporting, particularly to Sweden, West Germany, France, and

Japan. These were the most mentioned countries.

Only 13 percent of the respondents in the BDC survey stated that they

actively solicit export orders specifying that products be produced in metric

units or engineering standards. A similar percent of respondents indicated

that, in the last 3 years, they had lost export orders because they could not meet metric specifications.

Finally, when U.S. exporters were asked whether the United Kingdom's

conversion to the metric system would adversely affect export sales, 17 per- cent of the respondents answered affirmatively. About 58 percent stated that it would not, and 25 percent indicated they did not know.

Measurement Usage by U.S. Importers: Imports of U.S. importers in the BDC survey gained 54 percent from 1967-69. This is slightly higher than the percentage increase of total U.S. imports of MSS products for the same time

period. About 66 percent of imports into the U.S. are resold in the domestic
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 41

market without further manufacturing. The remaining 34 percent are brought

in for further processing. Those MSS products which are imported for further processing are growing at a faster rate than are imports for resale. The former

grew 70 percent from 1967-69, while the latter increased 55 percent.

A substantial portion of U.S. imports of MSS products comes from sources

other than foreign affiliates. In 1967-69, imports from foreign affiliates accounted for 24 to 29 percent of total trade as compared to 71 to 75 percent

originating from other foreign sources. Interestingly, however, is the fact that imports from U.S. foreign affiliates grew 82 percent from 1967-69, compared

with a 45 percent increase in imports from other foreign sources. The BDC survey also showed that most imports from foreign affiliates are brought into the U.S. for further processing. In the period 1967-69, imports

from foreign affiliates for further processing accounted for about 60 percent

of total imports from foreign affiliates, compared with 40 percent entering for

resale. Imports from foreign affiliates for further processing accounted for more than half of total imports, and they are growing at a faster rate than are imports for resale. From 1967-69, imports from foreign affiliates for further processing grew 85 percent as compared with an increase of 79 percent for products to be resold without further manufacturing.

U.S. Imports by Respondents in BDC Survey, 1967-69

1967 1968 1969 Percent change

(Percent) from

1967-69

Total imports 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.3

a. From U.S. foreign affiliates 24.4 23.7 28.8 82.2

b. From other foreign sources 75.6 76.3 71.2 45.3 Imports from U.S. foreign affiliates 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.2

a. For further processing 59.5 55.6 60.6 85.4

b. For resale 39.7 43.3 38.9 78.6

c. Other 0.8 1.1 0.5

100.0 100.0 100.0 45.3

16.4 17.7 17.2 52.2

74.3 73.7 77.2 51.0

c. Other 9.3 8.6 5.7

About 53 percent of imports of respondents in the BDC survey were metric

products. Approximately 19 percent of the total survey imports are products

designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and measurement standards. About 19 percent of survey imports are products designed and manufactured in metric units and enginering standards, but described in U.S. customary units and engineering standards. Only 9.0 percent of the imports are products designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards, but are substantially modified or changed to include parts and compo-
42 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

nents designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and engineering

standards.

U.S. Imports of Respondents by Type of Measurement System

1967-69

Type of measurement system

1967 1968 1969 Percent change

(Percent) from

1967-69

100.0 100.0 100.0 54 3

an . xiImnnrts 1 ] [. 1 w i i > rlpQicrnpH u>-M^ni.u diiu anH mamif*af*tiirf»rl iijtaiiLHii^iuiLii inill Ti...T • o^ customary units and engineering standards.

.

19.3 18.9 19.2 52.6

b. Imports designed and manufactured in metric

units and engineering standards but de- scribed in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards 18.4 17.3 19.2 61.1

c. Imports designed and manufactured in metric

units and engineering standards but substantially modified to include parts and components in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards 9.1 8.7 9.0 53.1

d. Imports designed and manufactured in metric

units and engineering standards 53.1 55.1 52.6 52.8
IV. POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF U.S.

CONVERSION TO THE METRIC SYSTEM

ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES

This chapter consists of a series of industry impact statements evaluating

the potential effect of U.S. conversion to the metric system on selected U.S.

industries. The criteria for selecting the industries were: (1) the U.S. has an

extraordinary foreign trade surplus in the industry's products; or (2) the

potential impact of U.S. conversion may have adverse effects on the industry.

The reason for selecting industries with an extraordinary foreign trade surplus was to determine whether or not metrication would reduce or enhance the

surplus.

The industries selected were: (1) machine tool industry, (2) steel industry,

(3) air conditioning and refrigeration industry, (4) pumps and compressors,

(5) industrial fasteners, (6) electronic computing equipment, and (7) construction machinery and equipment. Each impact statement includes a sum- mary of the potential metrication impact, a description of the foreign trade

patterns, and a discussion of the importance of the measurement factor.

THE MACHINE TOOL INDUSTRY 1

A shift from the U.S. customary measurement system to the metric system

would have little or no effect upon U.S. foreign trade in machine tools. A

survey conducted by BDC of exporters and importers indicates clearly that

1 Standard Industrial Classifications 3541 and 3542.

43
44 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

price, technology, reliability and reputation of product, local and third country

competition, shipping costs, tariff duties-—all are factors that transcend in importance a change from our U.S. customary measurement system to the metric system.

Indications are that the U.S. foreign trade surplus for machine tools will deteriorate in the seventies. U.S. exports will probably not grow appreciably

because: (a) U.S. prices will continue higher than prices of foreign producers;

and (b) U.S. producers are increasingly supplying foreign markets by manufacturing abroad. U.S. imports of foreign-made machine tools will probably

grow, depending on the growth of the domestic economy. Foreign producers

have important price advantages and are rapidly acquiring U.S. technology. U.S. conversion to the metric system will have only a marginal effect on U.S.

foreign trade. Foreign Trade Patterns: Domestic demand for machine tools more than

doubled from 1960-69, rising from about $603 million to $1.5 billion. In 1967, demand peaked at $1.8 billion and then steadily declined to $1.5

billion. The growth in shipments reflected a massive investment in industrial modernization and expansion, encouraged by the investment tax credit pro- gram and revised depreciation allowances. Other factors stimulating shipments were military procurement for Southeast Asia, cuts in corporate income taxes,

rising labor costs and a labor shortage. Since 1969, the investment tax credit program has been repealed, military procurement has decreased, interest rates have risen. All of these factors have acted to depress the machine tool

industry. New orders are currently running at pre-1960 levels. The unprecedented domestic demand for machine tools during the sixties had a significant effect on U.S. foreign trade in machine tools. It probably

restricted growth in machine tool exports and certainly encouraged imports of machine tools, particularly during periods when foreign machine tool producers could offer faster deliveries than domestic producers. U.S. exports of machine tools increased from $271 million in 1965 to $322 million in 1969,

as compared to an increase in imports of from $69 million to $183 million for the same period. The 18 percent increase in machine tool exports from

1965-69, which represents mostly price change rather than any real signifi- cant increase in actual shipments, was small compared with the 69 percent

increase in exports for all manufacturing. In 1969, the U.S. had a trade

surplus in machine tools of about $138 million. Exports amounted to about

20 percent of total machine tool product shipments and imports about 12

percent of domestic consumption of machine tools. Currently, exports of machine tools are up quite sharply owing to the fast growing markets of West

Germany, Japan, and other countries. Imports have declined. Parts for metalcutting machines was the largest machine tool export cate- gory in 1969, amounting to $48.6 million or about 15 percent of total machine tool shipments. This was followed by exports of grinding and polishing machines and metal forming machine tools. Export shipments in these two

categories of equipment were in excess of $40.0 million each in 1969. Exports

of machine tools for home workshops, laboratories, and garages have steadily

declined, dropping from $44.6 million in 1965 to $20.5 million in 1969.
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 45

From 1965-69, imports of machine tools climbed 165 percent, moving from

$69.0 million to $183.2 million. The largest increase occurred in 1966 when

imports doubled from the previous year, reflecting the high level of economic

activity in the U.S. The largest single machine tool import was lathes, which

amounted to $38 million in 1969. Milling machines showed the largest

growth, rising over 300 percent and totalling $26.3 million in 1969, down

slightly from $31 million in each of the 2 previous years. In 1969, the U.S. had a favorable trade balance in machine tools with most

countries, except for the Common Market countries, which had a deficit of $37.1 million. The largest surplus was with Canada, totalling $62.1 million,

which was about 45 percent of the total surplus. Trade in machine tools with

Japan increased quite significantly from 1965-69. Exports doubled, from

$25.7 million to $54.0 million. However, imports also rose and our machine

tool trade balance fluctuated between a $5.5 million deficit in 1966 and a $34.5 million surplus in 1969. (See table, p. 47.)

Measurement Factor: Technical superiority, reputation, reliability, and high

quality of U.S. machine tools are the chief selling points used in marketing

abroad. Insofar as price is concerned, the U.S. is not competitive in most

foreign markets. The price of foreign built machine tools is from 25 percent to 40 percent less than the price of comparable U.S. built machines.

Since they are unable to compete on price, most U.S. producers are moving

from the production for export of low-price, general purpose machine tools to

special, custom built and technically advanced machines. Performance and

quality are emphasized. However, there is a question as to how long the U.S.

will continue to maintain a technological edge since foreign producers are rapidly equaling U.S. technology.

Because of competitive uncertainty, many U.S. machine tool firms have

acquired foreign subsidiaries to supply local markets. Many firms have

invested in new manufacturing operations, acquired existing firms, or entered

into licensing arrangements. These steps provide the benefit of lower cost, both in labor and transportation, and eliminate tariff duties. The consequences

of these developments with respect to future U.S. exports of machine tools are not encouraging.

The measurement system, either metric or U.S. customary, used in building

machine tools is a marginal factor in foreign trade. Its effect on foreign trade ranks low in relation to price, technology, reliability, local competition, shipping costs, tariff duties, and many other factors. Respondents to the BDC

survey indicated that the five most important factors promoting U.S. exports

of machine tools were: (1 ) superior technology; (2) reputation and reliability of product; (3) higher quality products; (4) growing foreign markets; and

(5) a vigorous company export promotion program. The five most important

deterring factors were: (1) prices were not competitive; (2) strong local and

third country competition; (3) high shipping costs; (4) high tariff duties; and

(5) no technological advantage of product. (See table, p. 50.)

Assuming the U.S. maintained its current measurement system, half of the survey respondents when asked to estimate exports for 1975 stated that there
46 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

would be no change from 1970 trade levels, 30 percent anticipated an

increase in exports, and 20 percent anticipated a decline. By contrast, when these same respondents were asked to estimate their exports for 1975 assuming the U.S. had adopted the metric system in 1970,

over 64 percent for them anticipated no change. About 27 percent estimated an increase, and 9 percent expected a decline in exports. The proportion

anticipating no change was higher and the proportion estimating a decline is much lower than if the U.S. did not convert to the metric system. Interestingly, every respondent anticipating a decline in exports if the U.S. maintained

its current measurement system indicated a moderate improvement in exports

had the U.S. converted to the metric system.

Most U.S. machine tool producers design and manufacture in U.S. customary units and standards. About 20 percent of the producers surveyed design

and manufacture at least part of their exports in both customary and metric

units. Of those not producing in the metric system, only one producer found

this to be a hindrance in exporting.

Few machine tool manufacturers surveyed actively solicit export orders for machine tools which specify they be produced in metric units and standards.

Respondents' Estimated Percentage Change in Export

Shipments in 1975 as Compared with 1970 Using Two

Assumptions*

(Number)

Estimated percentage change

-25.1 -10.1 -0.1 No 0.1 to 10.1 to 25.1 and to to change 10.0 25.0 and

over -25.0 -10.0 over

Assumption 3A 4 2 1 12 1 1 2

Assumption 3B 0 2 0 14 1 2 3

*Assumptions:

(1) The 8 percent annual growth rate in Free World international trade for the last six years will continue for the period 1970-75.

(2) United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have substantially completed conversion to the metric measurement system by 1970.

(3) Estimate based on current 1970 dollars. (A) The United States and your company will continue to use the current customary measurement units and/or engineering standards (this assumes that among all major

industrialized countries only the U.S. will not have converted).

(B) The United States and your company had converted to the metric measurement

units and/or engineering standards by 1970. (This assumes there would be no changes

in the cost of producing the subject product in metric units and/or engineering standards.)
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES

u

Ui

o

Q.ED

9>

3s

3>

sC

3n

OS

ON

O rvl

N *

o o o

~- ^- m w*i ui M 1^ ^ 't 1^ so m m r-~ M O ^ O "1

Tj" t

tJ- Tt w so

0\ m - -

«> —! o <N

v-i tf — ^ roo os t— O

SO OS f*l <N

SO w — w vo

t-» h 00 ro ^

O 1/1 ^ w

cn Os © so - 00 ^ (N "

O so so o ^

OS OS SO ^ ^

O m r~ oo m i—i os rsl N oo ^ co f^i _ — oo oo ^ fN IH tS

"1 u-l O so N O "O

0> so

3s

SOSO

OS

— O —

O <N JS

OS 00 SO 00 t r~ O r*"> r~ m —

fN SO <N O OS

oo os rt- O oo _ — <N

oo Tt — o r>l os r~ so

OS OS OS O — <~n1 — m

"sits so oo t— O

•ac

o

0. 2

-J pe

Q, >, >, 60

60c

c (3 E o

"3o <s

*3 J3

'C

OJ (L) c

no U

PD

8 ^

is u —

p - (d o

c h_ i- o. — « 3 i

U W D

— fN co Tt wi
48 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Factors Affecting U.S. Export of Machine Tools

Promoting

Percent of total rankings

1. Superior technology of product

2. Reputation and reliability of product

3. Higher quality product

4. Growing foreign markets

5. Lack of local and third country competition

6. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

8. All others

Total

Deterring

1. Prices are not competitive

2. Strong local and third country competition

3. High tariff duties

4. High shipping costs

5. No technological advantage of product ,. 6. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

8. All others

Total

27.7

25.2

14.3 6.7

5.2

1.7

0.6

18.6

100.0

33.1

15.7 13.0 12.0

7.5

1.5

17.2

100.0

Only one manufacturer reported that, in the last 3 years, it turned down an

export order because it could not meet metric specifications.

About 50 percent of machine tool export shipments reported were

described in dual dimensions. These are machine tools designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and standards but described in labels, packages,

engineering drawings, and catalogues in metric units. About 40 percent of the reported exports of machine tools were manufactured and described only in the U.S. customary system. The remaining 10 percent of exports included

machine tools either modified to include metric parts or components or manufactured entirely in metric units or standards.

Imports of machine tools are a function of price, delivery, and most important, the level of economic activity in the U.S. Most imports into the U.S. have

been designed and manufactured in the metric system, but are modified to function in the U.S. customary system. All scales, verniers, and measuring

systems are graduated in the inch system. This modification is an additional

cost to foreign producers which influence price to U.S. importers. However,

the additional cost is not so great as to make prices of foreign-built machinery
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 49

noncompetitive with U.S.-built equipment. Foreign producers still have a favorable price differential over comparable U.S. equipment.

THE U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY

The consensus within the steel industry is that U.S. conversion to the metric

system would not affect U.S. foreign trade in steel mill products. The industry

is easily able to convert machinery and equipment to make steel products in metric sizes. The basic "gauge system" used in the steel industry has its origins in Europe and is standard throughout the world. Sheet steel, which is 20 or 22

gauge, is rolled to the same thickness in both metric and nonmetric countries.

The only dimensional problem, which is minor, involves the width in which

steel is produced. However, since the width of most steel products is trimmed

to size, it is an easy operation to trim to metric or inch units. Further, the industry uses the "order book" production scheduling practice, a system where the steel producer groups a number of individual orders for the same product and makes one large production run. This enables the pro- ducer to make steel to nearly any standard or measurement unit. Similarly, it

is the practice of domestic consumers when steel is purchased abroad to order

by specification. Foreign producers will deliver the product in any dimension

that the consumer orders. Price is the most important factor affecting the foreign trade of steel products. Inasmuch as U.S. prices are not competitive with foreign producers,

imports of steel products into the U.S. have risen sharply. Consequently, were the U.S. to convert to the metric system, the U.S. trade deficit for steel products would not change.

Foreign Trade Patterns: In the last decade, foreign steel products significantly penetrated the U.S. market, and the U.S. trade balance for steel products moved from a surplus to a large deficit. For products covered by this report, 2 the U.S. had a trade deficit in 1969 of $837 million, second largest to the record of $1.3 billion in 1968. From 1965-69, imports of steel products

grew 61 percent, climbing from $868 million to $1.4 billion. Imports in 1969

were down about $200 million from the previous year. Export gains of steel products were moderate, reaching $540 million in 1969, up from $388 million

in 1965. In 1969, imports of steel products as a percent of apparent consumption amounted to about 14 percent. Exports were about 5 percent of total shipments.

The growth in imports was stimulated by the high rate of economic activity

in the U.S., higher domestic prices for steel, and labor strikes. The installation of large scale and ultramodern machinery and equipment by European and

Japanese producers, coupled with lower labor costs, enabled them to underprice domestic producers and increase their share of the U.S. market.

Imports grew for nearly all product classes covered in this report. When

2 SIC-33123, 33124, 33126, 33127, 33128, 33176, 33167, 33168.
50 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

imports first began to flow significantly, they were confined mainly to products

(such as standard structural shapes, reinforcing bars, and common grades of wire rods and wire products) which could be produced with old equipment

and simple technology. However, late in the sixties, more sophisticated steel products such as sheet were imported which require complex processing

equipment and advanced technology. From 1965-69, the largest import per- centage gains were in steel pipe and tubes which increased 90 percent, advancing from $133 million to $254 million. Hot rolled sheet and strip in- creased 70 percent. However, the largest imports have consistently been in hot rolled bars and bar shapes, plate, structural shapes and piling. In 1969,

imports of these products totaled $450 million. Besides price, the BDC survey results indicate that other major factors which are barriers to U.S. export of steel products are: (1) local and third country competition; (2) high shipping costs; (3) high tariff duties; (4) nontariff barriers; and (5) no technological advantage of product.

When respondents were asked to estimate 1975 steel exports, most said there would be no change from 1970 trade levels. Many indicated a reluctance

to estimate because the estimate must be based upon the worldwide price of

steel products at that time. Since it was difficult to project prices, many

Factors Affecting U.S. Exports of Steel Products

Promoting

Percent of total rankings

1. Reputation and reliability of product

2. Higher quality product

3. Lack of local and third country competition

4. Growing foreign market

5. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards

6. Products are designed and manufactured in mehic units and engineering standards

7. All others

Total

Deterring

1. Prices are not competitive

2. Strong local and third country competition

3. High shipping costs

4. High tariff duties

5. No technological advantage of product

6. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customaiy units and en- gineering standards

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

8. All others

Total

21.9 20.7

15.5 7.7

34.2

100.0

28.7

18.9

15.1 13.0

7.6

16.7

100.0
EFFECTS OF METRICATION ON U.S. FOREIGN TRADE 51

respondents did not estimate 1975 export levels. It should be noted, however,

that many respondents who did not estimate 1975 exports stated that metrication was not an important factor affecting trade. When respondents were asked if the United Kingdom's conversion to the metric system would affect steel export trade, only one said yes. Thirteen

respondents answered no, and five said they did not know.

Respondents who import steel products stated that foreign countries are

willing to supply steel in the U.S. customary system at prices very favorable to U.S. prices. Several indicated that if the U.S. converted to the metric system, improved relations with foreign suppliers would result, but not to the extent that

it would influence their buying more than they are now. The U.S. runs a large trade deficit for all steel products with the EEC

countries and with Japan. In 1965, the trade deficit with these countries was

$673 million, and in 1969, it was in excess of $1.0 billion. The deficit had

declined in 1969 to about $200 million. Realizing this situation and the probability that the U.S. might legislate import controls, these countries agreed

to voluntarily restrain their exports to the U.S. during the years 1969-71.

(See table, p. 52.)

Measurement Factor: Price and availability are the two most important

factors affecting U.S. foreign trade in steel. In fact, price is so important that it far outweighs all other factors. Steel, a relatively standardized product moving

freely in international trade, competes almost entirely on price rather than on

product differentiation, service, or some other factor. During 1968, the peak

year for steel imports, finished steel came into the U.S. at a 15 to 20 percent

price differential. This is too much for U.S. producers to compete against.

Generally, industry considers a price difference of 10 percent or more to be

sufficient to encourage domestic consumers to buy off shore.

It is a practice in international trade for foreign prices of steel for most

countries including the U.S. to be less than the domestic price. In Japan,

published prices of domestic steel is about 10 perecnt more than that sold by

the Japanese in foreign markets. The differential may be smaller for large consumers who negotiate their prices with Japanese steel producers. A similar

situation exists for European produced steel. (See table, p. 52.)

THE AIR CONDITIONING AND

REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY

Evidence adduced from BDC's survey indicates that U.S. conversion to the metric system would have little or no effect on the trade surplus in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Both exports and imports might

increase as a result of such a step, but would probably offset one another.

The U.S. trade surplus for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment will perhaps grow moderately in future years. World-wide demand for this type of equipment has been very strong and will continue strong as standards of living

rise, particularly in the developing countries. U.S. share of the worldwide

market will shrink as new producers enter the market, but the market's growth

will be such that U.S. producers should continue to experience good sales.
52 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

D m

3

in

C

©

IL

(/) D

oQ

1- C 0 .2 1

i

to -

o

o<

3>

ON

0>

NOm On

00 —

r-' r~

in in

NO (N NO * so m"

st m —

>T m

m — <N •—- —

Tfr so ©' r-

- oo —

"* —

OS OS SO — m © fS w —

6

OS OS NO SO

«-s Cn| OS

OS Cn) 3 * "!

(S Tf <N O 4 >£> in Csl

Tj" in — o

Os <N so'

tJ- so 0°

nC3

—

;

00 <N — r~ Os <N

(N — r-_ so' rn t— N in "1 m —

rSO —

so

00 (N m so — r»s so

rr O O

f- rsi rn - N O

r

-

r~ in rsi rI—' od no m © f

Os r- so r4rsi so O)

so' so' in o

o*

r-' ©'

(N © m — N * «

Os NO

NO O "*

0sSO

(N in

r~ Os OO (N m —

t-- m Os

in Os

Os Os •n

°°. oo m oo

3; (N r~' so

°° r~ m os

5*j, w so —

^ — (S p

j 8 » °

jn_ SO —

o ti

1"S

2 £

, u _o ie

• 9-

n) 3 —<u

t/i sj w

« «i 2 a =

o -a T3 3 u " "goo i- V *r a « ^ _ o o

8 11 c/3 a> 55 o "> U o

NO r*> r- so m - N^ Tj" —

^ N m -

—' so r~' SO so (N —

rsj so — ©

£2 I--' ©' os N

os m oo r- s^m ^

°°- ~

°o 't m' n oo Os

Os oo oo rJ

Os r-' sd

sn © os os in ^- \o d m Os

IS oo' so' so

no r~ r«i r~

© f~; 00 <N

in rsi od r--' X 1^ (N SO

OS — Tt

m' Os rsi — so oo © so oo rsi *' —i i-' —'

r~ — Os

rsi

so rsi

rsi *'

in ro Os rsi rsi — — os

CO m r*i

(-- m m oo

E

^ o

- SO C C

u ^ o. c

Cn) _ U UJ

E "a o O «i

u a —

5 <

73C

CD
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 53

The BDC survey shows that the measurement system used in the manufacture of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment is a minor factor affecting

foreign trade in this product line. The quality, reputation, and reliability of the product, price, technology, and maintenance and service all rank as more

important than the measurement system.

Foreign Trade Patterns: The U.S. has always maintained a large trade surplus in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Demand for this equipment remains strong worldwide. In 1969, with U.S. exports of $365

million and imports only $24 million, the trade surplus was $341 million, up

from about $200 million in 1965.

From 1965-69, exports of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment

grew 64 percent, slightly greater than the growth in domestic product ship- ments. Of the $365 million of equipment exported in 1969, over 45 percent was air conditioners, both room and unitary, and heat transfer equipment.

Soda fountain and beer dispensing equipment was the only other sizeable

export category, amounting to $119.4 million in 1969, up from $50.6 in 1965, a 100 percent increase. Exports of commercial refrigeration equipment

such as display cases and cabinets amounted to about $17 million in 1965.

Imports of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, always small in relation to exports, were equal to 6.5 percent of total exports of this product

category in 1969. Imports of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment,

though small, grew spectacularly from 1965-69, increasing 269 percent. In 1969, the bulk of imports consisted of room air conditioners assembled in Canada mostly from parts manufactured in the U.S., and small hermetic

refrigeration compressors from Italy and Denmark. (See table, p. 55.)

Measurement Factor: Four factors account for the substantial U.S. air conditioning and refrigeration equipment trade surplus: high quality products,

superior technology, rapidly growing foreign markets, and aggressive U.S. marketing.

Historically, the air conditioning and refrigeration industry has had a tech- nological advantage over the rest of the world. As a result, the industry has

been superior to foreign competition, not only in design of equipment, but also

in manufacturing processes. The technological gap between U.S. and foreign

producers is, however, rapidly closing. Foreign producers have adopted much

of U.S. technology, and have abandoned many inefficient production methods.

In the past, foreign producers tended to be craftsmen, producing custom

equipment instead of using large scale production techniques.

Also contributing to the growth in the U.S. trade surplus in this commodity

area has been the increasing worldwide demand for air conditioning and

refrigeration equipment. While there are no statistical data on worldwide

consumption of this equipment, it appears to be growing at an extraordinary

rate. Although the U.S. share of this worldwide market is shrinking because of increased local production, worldwide demand is growing at such a rate that the U.S. should continue to experience a substantial growth in shipments. To

insure their share in these markets, many U.S. firms have either acquired or begun manufacturing operations abroad or have entered license or joint venture arrangements. In Canada, for example, except for one producer, all are
54 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

U.S. owned or affiliated. The major benefit derived from these steps is the designing of products to meet local demand, but it also has the potential effect of reducing or slowing U.S. exports.

Results of the BDC survey show that the U.S. customary measurement

system used to design and manufacture air condition and refrigeration equipment has little effect in either promoting or deterring U.S. exports. This factor ranks low among factors promoting exports as: (1) quality, reputation, and

reliability of the products, (2) technology, (3) prices, and (4) maintenance

and servicing. Factors deterring U.S. exports of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment all relate to exporting costs, such as shipping costs and tariff duties. Other deterrents cited are: U.S. prices are not competitive and in some

countries there is strong local and third country competition. (See table, p. 56.)In the opinion of survey respondents, had the U.S. converted to the metric

system in 1970, 1975 exports of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment

would probably be higher than if we maintained the current system. When

asked to estimate 1975 exports on the assumption that the U.S. maintained its current measurement system, most respondents indicated no change from

1970 trade levels. Of 13 respondents, 6 estimated no change, 3 an increase

and 4, a decrease.

Respondents' Estimated Percentage Change in Export Shipments

in 1975 as Compared With 1970 Using Two Assumptions*

(Number of respondents)

Estimated percentage change

-50.0 -25.1 -0.1 No 0.1 to 25.1 to 50.1 and to to change 25.0 50.0 and

over -50.0 -25.0 over

Assumption 3A 0 0 4 6 1 0 2

Assumption 3B 0 0 0 5 5 0 3

* Assumptions:

(1) The 8 percent annual growth rate in Free World international trade for the last six years will continue for the period 1970-75.

(2) United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have substantially completed

conversion to the metric measurement system by 1970.

(3) Estimate based on current 1970 dollars. (A) The United States and your company will continue to use the current customary measurement units and/or engineering standards (this assumes that among all major

industrialized countries- only the U.S. will not have converted).

(B) The United States and your company had converted to the metric measurement

units and. or engineering standards by 1970. (This assumes theie would be no changes

in the cost of producing the subject product in metric units and/or engineering standards.)
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES

o o

1- — in oo r*i m

m O rA w>

NO O m © —

— ON ^ O PI 3

fi m © ^ oo

r- r~ h n o\ ^ ^ „' J, J, - - a\ m «

oo r*» O O —

\o * M (S «

^ © d © ts

On tCI N CI *©'©'© ts O —

I — <N O

<*' © d © <n

On

SN

u-> f>

jo t~- On

OO N 0\ »1 N

— ON © — r- —

© fN no m rJ ts

oo no — i/->

iri m r~ cs no

— ~- 1/1

ts m - \0 oo

til

T3

Ofi o

o .&

3 §

2 §

.2 § 1 S •& §

5 <

. 2 w -g

£ .2

c 9-oU

c

•= T3 D OU oU

c

a

E

EoU

u| a Jl

« « 2

1 g-l

§ 3 3 Q--

U W D n <

ri n »i
56 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

However, when asked to estimate 1975 exports of air conditioning and

refrigeration equipment, assuming the U.S. had converted to the metric

system, none of the respondents anticipated a decline from the 1970 trade

level. Eight respondents estimated an increase, and five indicated no change.

When the respondents' estimates were related to their current trade levels, they reported that their 1975 exports would be 5.2 percent greater if the U.S. converted to the metric system than if the U.S. maintained its current system.

With one exception, all respondents to the BDC survey manufactured air conditioning and refrigeration equipment only in U.S. customary measurement

units and engineering standards. Two respondents thought that their export

trade in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment was adversely affected

Factors Promoting U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning and

Refrigeration Equipment

1. High quality product

2. Reputation and reliability of products

3. Superior technology of products

4. Prices are competitive

5. Product maintenance and servicing available

6. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

8. All others

Total

Percent of total rankings

20.4

16.8 12.9

10.3 9.3

2.0

28.3

100.0

Factors Deterring U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning and

Refrigeration Equipment

1. High shipping costs

2. Prices are not competitive

3. Strong local and third country competition

4. High tariff duties

5. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards

6. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

7. All others

Total

Percent of total rankings

20.4

20.2

20.0

13.4

3.3

22.7

100.0
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 57

since they did not manufacture equipment in metric units and engineering

standards.

None of the survey respondents solicited export orders specifying they be

manufactured in metric units and engineering standards. No respondent indi- cated that an export order had been refused, in the last 3 years, because the

specifications were in metric units and engineering standards.

Finally, when the survey respondents were asked if a United Kingdom

conversion to the metric system would adversely affect their air conditioning

and refrigeration export sales, four answered affirmatively and nine that such a move would have no effect. One respondent predicted that a change to the metric system by the United Kingdom would gradually influence acceptance of the metric system in other countries presently using British units.

THE INDUSTRIAL PUMP AND COMPRESSOR INDUSTRY 1

In 1969 the U.S. ran a trade surplus of $315 million in industrial pumps

and compressors, $100 million and 46 percent larger than the 1965 surplus.

Exports in 1969 amounted to $367 million, about 15 percent of total domestic shipments of pumps and compressors. While U.S. imports of this commodity

are relatively small, totaling $53 million in 1969, they have been growing at an annual rate of about 17.5 percent. U.S.-exported pumps and compressors are generally highly engineered, nonstandard, and with large capacities compared with our imports of standardized

equipment. In recent years demand has been strong for pumps and compressors in developing countries in connection with the construction of petroleum

and gas field transmission lines, highways, and industrial and commercial

facilities and operation.

Conversion to the metric system would have a beneficial effect on U.S. exports of pumps and compressors. BDC survey respondents estimate that exports would decline slightly by 1975 if the U.S. maintained its current measurement system, and would probably increase nearly 20 percent by 1975

if the U.S. converted to the metric system by 1970.

Conversion to the metric system may accelerate imports of pumps and

compressors, particularly standard-type pumps and compressors where price is the chief determinant. However, because the U.S. supplies foreign markets

with large capacity, high value equipment, the overall effect would be an

increase in exports which would more than offset any increase that may occur

in imports.

Foreign Trade Patterns: The U.S. industrial pump and compressor industry

is a major international supplier of equipment whose exports in 1969 were $367 million, up 51.2 percent from $243 million in 1965.

The largest single category of export shipments, parts and attachments for pumps and compressors, in 1969 amounted to $156 million or 42 percent of

1 Standard Industrial Classification 3561. Does not include measuring and dispensing pumps for gasoline service stations.
58 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

total exports in this category. Exports of parts and attachments were also the

fastest growing trade category of pumps and compressors, advancing from $85

million to $113 million, or 85 percent from 1965-69. Parts and attachments

are used not only to replace parts of existing equipment, but are also used by

U.S. subsidiaries and affiliates abroad for further assembly.

The U.S. pump and compressor industry is also an important supplier of

industrial pumps and air and gas compressors. Exports in each of these trade

categories exceeded $65 million in 1969.

This country's imports of pumps and compressors are relatively small,

totaling $53 million in 1969. Nearly half of these imports were classified in a basket category which included oil burners and appliance pumps, fire engine,

laboratory, and sump pumps. About a third of the total imports of pumps and

compressors come from Canada. While these imports are relatively small in absolute terms, their growth has been quite spectacular, increasing 90 percent

from 1965-69.

The U.S. trade surplus for pumps and compressors amounted to $314.3

million in 1969 which was nearly $100 million larger than in 1965. The U.S.

surplus with Canada amounted to $72 million. Aside from Canada, the devel- oping countries are important markets for U.S. pumps and compressors. The

Latin American countries bought $86.4 million of pumps and compressors

from this nation in 1969 of which about $33 million were parts and attach- ments. U.S. trade remains relatively small with the EEC countries, United

Kingdom, and Japan. (See table, p. 60.)

Measurement Factor: U.S. exports of pumps and compressors are generally

highly engineered, nonstandardized equipment. The domestic market requires U.S. producers to make a wide range of pumps and compressors, including a

substantial quantity of custom designed. In most foreign markets the demand

is generally for smaller types of pumps and compressors so foreign producers

concentrate on standard-type equipment. Consequently, the U.S. is able to capture a significant portion of the sophisticated, highly-engineered pump and

compressor markets. In recent years demand for this type of equipment has

been strong in developing countries in connection with the construction of petroleum and gas field transmission lines, highways, and industrial and commercial facilities and operations.

The U.S. customary measurement system, used to design and manufacture

U.S. -made pumps and compressors, is not currently affecting foreign demand

for this equipment. The high quality, reputation, and reliability of U.S. equipment, the availability of maintenance and servicing, the superior technology of equipment, and competitive prices, all rank more important in promoting U.S.

exports than does the measurement system. (See table, p. 59.)

Where there is a deterrent to U.S. exports, it is usually in standard pumps

and compressors because the U.S. is not competitive pricewise with foreign

producers. High tariff and shipping costs contribute to this noncompetitiveness, but other factors sometimes cited are strong local and third-country

competition and no technological advantage of products. The U.S. customary

measurement system used to design and manufacture pumps and compressors
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 59

ranks much lower than many other factors cited as deterrents to U.S. exports.

Generally, U.S. pumps and compressors are designed to fit or connect with

other equipment. For example, if a pump or compressor is to fit other

equipment manufactured in metric units and standards, the U.S. manufacturers will design the connectors or couplings on the pump or compressor to fit the metric equipment.

Another factor which lessens the importance or influence of the U.S. cus- tomary measurement system is that most U.S. manufacturers have extensive

foreign operations and franchise dealerships which are capable of maintaining

and servicing U.S. equipment installed abroad. Foreign customers need have

little concern about not being able to obtain replacement parts and repairing

equipment purchased from U.S. manufacturers.

In the BDC survey none of the manufacturers of pumps and compressors

designed and manufactured their output to metric units and engineering standards. Two of the respondents considered this to be a hindrance to selling in foreign markets.

Only one respondent solicited orders requiring that pumps and compressors

be designed and manufactured in metric units and standards. Five respondents

said they have lost export sales because they did not manufacture in metric

units and standards.

When respondents were asked to estimate the percent change in export sales of pumps and compressors from 1970 to 1975 assuming the U.S. maintained its current measurement system, 9 of the 15 respondents reported a decline. Three respondents estimated no change, and two, an increase.

Factors Promoting U.S. Exports of Pumps and Compressors

Percent of total rankings

1. Reputation and reliability of product

2. Higher quality product

3. Product maintenance and servicing is available

4. Superior technology of product

5. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and en- gineering standards

6. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

7. All others

Total

27.3

19.2

15.5

14.5

1.4

1.1 21.0

100.0

The respondents were also asked to estimate the percent change in their export sales for 1975 as compared with 1970, assuming the U.S. had converted to the metric system. Using this assumption, the situation improved

significantly with none of the respondents estimating a decline. Ten reported no change and three estimated a gain.

When the respondents' estimated percent changes for both assumptions
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

r<"> r<-> O m m \o

O O oo m m <N

r*1 m

ON On

CM (N

m >* On oo <—

nO

noon o o O N \0 (N NO

cm <N

>n t On »o 0\

no no O on oo r- <N

no m on v~> r~

r- oo r» ts

<N «N oo m NO

no m oo o ^

r~ <M On <N

nO

3n N O * ^1 O

OO M ON "

VN NO oo oo m on r- r~ oo t-h m

3>c

0< NO NO

NO NO O N - oo oo

« oo - o "t

ON

CO o o

IO vn

00 oo

fN <N

r-4 c-i

on r- r~ oo u"n

N (N (N r- NO

m <N r-j n- no

T3c

D.E

fS c O 3 ~ ou

EoU

oIs£ o o -a

ttJ c

c 5

iS -n TM o « § u

-« n m <t i^i
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 61

Respondent's Estimated Percentage Change in

Export Shipments in 1975 as Compared with

1970 Using Two Assumptions*

(Number)

Estimated percentage change

-30.1 -15.1 -0.1 No 0.1 to 15.1 to 30.1 and to to change 15.0 30.0 and

over -30.0 -15.0 over

Assumption 3 A 1 4 4 3 0 0 2 Assumption 3B 0 0 0 10 0 2 1

* Assumptions:

(1) The 8 percent annual growth rate in Free World international trade for the last six years will continue for the period 1970-75.

(2) United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have substantially completed

conversion to the metric measurement system by 1970.

(3) Estimate based on current 1970 dollars. (A) The United States and your company will continue to use the current customary measurement units and/or engineering standards (this assumes that among all major

industrialized countries only the U.S. will not have converted).

(B) The United States and your company had converted to the metric measurement

units and /or engineering standards by 1970. (This assumes there would be no changes

in the cost of producing the subject product in metric units and /or engineering standards.)

were related to their 1969 export sales, they reported that their exports for pumps and compressors would be nearly 20 percent larger in 1975 if the U.S. had converted to the metric system in 1970.

THE INDUSTRIAL FASTENER INDUSTRY 1

Currently, the U.S. runs a small foreign trade deficit in industrial fasteners. In 1969, the deficit amounted to $31.1 million, up from $14.9 million in 1965. Since imports are rising at a much faster rate than exports, the trade

deficit is expected to grow. Shipments from Japan, which supplies half of U.S.

fastener imports, nearly doubled from 1965-69, and are accelerating because

of the Japanese price advantage in standard fasteners. Irrespective of U.S. conversion to metric system, the U.S. trade deficit in fasteners will grow during the seventies. If the U.S. does convert to the metric

system, will the deficit accelerate or decline? To answer this question, it is important to understand that two different fastener standards are being pro- posed and the extent of the impact would depend on the metric standards

adopted.

The following briefly describes the standards being considered for adoption:

l.The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is currently

1 Standard Industrial Classification 3452.
62 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

working on metric standards for fasteners. Complete standards will be

available in about 3 years. These standards will be based mostly on

metric standards currently in use in European countries which at present are not totally interchangeable. The U.S. conversion to the metric system may mean the adoption of these ISO standards currently

being developed.

2. Some industry sources claim that the ISO fastener standards currently

being developed will be inferior to the current U.S. standards. Consequently, it is undertaking development of a new "optimum fastener" system which will be in metric units but will incorporate a superior

performance capability to the ISO standards. This superior perform- ance will be developed to meet the demands of U.S. manufacturers and

will be proposed for adoption to ISO.

If the U.S. adopts the ISO standards for fasteners currently being developed,

its trade deficit will grow sharply, because the competitive advantage will swing further to foreign producers who will have had production experience

with most of these standards, whereas U.S. producers would have to acquire it. Foreign producers would have a potential cost advantage.

If the new optimum fastener system is adopted, the trade deficit would not be affected as much as if the standards currently being developed by ISO were

adopted. All producers, both domestic and foreign, would be on, a more

equitable footing and would have to acquire the learning experience to pro- duce this type of fastener. To summarize, the foreign trade deficit for fasteners will continue to grow

even if the U.S. does not convert to the metric system. If conversion does take

place, the engineering standards adopted will have their effects on the rate of increase in the trade deficit. The trade deficit would, in all probability, be less

if the U.S. adopted the new optimum system rather than the ISO standards.

Foreign Trade Patterns: U.S. shipments of industrial fasteners reached an

estimated $1.85 billion in 1970 slightly less than half of world production of

$4 billion. Actual fastener production is greater in value than shipments since

many manufacturers incorporate their fasteners in end items thus eluding Government statistics. Unreported production is estimated to be about 15 percent

of annual shipments.

Industrial fasteners include not only standard bolts, nuts, washers, and

screws but also sophisticated fastening devices designed for special applications. Shipments of this latter category, growing 1 2 percent annually in recent

years, currently represent 35 percent of the total. Shipments of standard

fasteners are growing about 7 percent annually. These trends are expected to continue as the demand for fasteners by consuming industries will require ease

of application, improved performance, and reliability.

Exports and imports of fasteners are small in value in relation to total domestic shipments. Only 3.7 percent of total U.S. shipments are sold abroad;

imports are equal to about 5.4 percent of U.S. shipments.

From 1965-69, fastener exports grew from $36.6 million to $68.4 million, an increase of 87 percent. In 1969, the average value per ton was $1,117 for exports in contrast to only $400 per ton for imports.
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES

o

©

^ os

— (N

OO O OO OO

Tj- so — r- ci

d

O c*> oo f>

*~ — <N

»o CN r-- ON

\o a d « t

OS

1-

ON OO

r- oo — r- m

o

o

ON

ON

i—" ( oo so

on —< —

c

(Ao

o

©

q

o

O r- oo — — >ri oo O OO I-H l-H © NO SO SO — m

3 iS 0 o C Q

^ <N v> m i—

m (N

IT) Tj- r- ^- Tf m i—> r*i oo

E S

E

3

1

C

0)

"55o

t/5

ooSO m m

so

(N SO t— O ON

so oo (*i i m

>/") m oo Os

iO O oo ^ «i —' r-4 ©

NO

rj- O oo r*l <-« — m r-l ©

3

OU

E

EoU

o'h

§lw J

1

* U -r ^ & o

B) 3 S U W D

1> a E-

-> <

— (N tn »3-
64 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

From 1965-69, fastener imports grew from $51.5 million to $99.5 million, an increase of 93 percent. Fastener imports are concentrated in the low-price

standard type fasteners in contrast to U.S. exports, which are generally limited

to sophisticated fastening devices. A significant quantity of these imports, such

as wood screws, find their way to hardware and retail outlets, while the

remainder goes into manufacturing. However, manufacturing is taking an

increasingly large portion of the total. The U.S. trade balance for fasteners shows an increasingly larger deficit for the last 5 years, growing from $15 million in 1965 to $31 million in 1969. The

U.S. had a $30 million surplus with Canada, but a deficit with all other

countries. The surplus with Canada stems mostly from inter-company ship- ments. Japan is the largest U.S. supplier, shipping $53 million in fasteners in 1969. This was double the 1965 level of $28.1 million and represented over

half of the total U.S. imports of fasteners. If it were not for the Japanese

imports the U.S. would have a $20.9 million surplus in 1969. (See table, p. 63.)

Measurement Factors: The major deterrents to U.S. exporting fasteners are nearly all related to cost. High shipping costs and prohibitive tariff duties

increase the prices of U.S. produced fasteners to the point that they are not

competitive. This is particularly true of standard fasteners. Besides these cost

Factors Affecting U.S. Exports of Industrial Fasteners

Promoting

Percent of total rankings

1. Reputation and reliability of product

5. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and en6. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering

21.4

19.2 15.6

11.4

2.6

Total

29.8

100.0

Deterring

3. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering

24.0

21.8

20.2

8.9

8.1 5.3

8. All others

Total

11.7

100.0
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 65

factors, most countries have their own fastener industries which are strong

competitors to U.S. producers.

The chief factors promoting U.S. exports are the reputation, reliability, and

quality of U.S. fasteners and superior technology. Additionally, a significant

portion of U.S. exports are to subsidiaries or affiliates abroad which are producing U.S. designed and manufactured products.

The U.S. customary measurement system used to design and manufacture

fasteners ranks below other deterring factors relating to costs. However, the measurement system is a more important export deterrent for fasteners than for most other product classes. This does not mean that if the U.S. converted to the metric system the fastener industry could export more; in fact, it may decline because U.S. manufacturers who are producing abroad and buying U.S. produced fasteners may buy metric fasteners locally. One respondent summarized the problem as follows: "The subject of conversion to metric standards as an influence on exports is so secondary to the tariff and non-tariff restraints in Europe and Japan as to be irrelevant. Get us free trade with export markets on an equal basis and the matter of what standards such exports are in, will take care of itself." The principal factors promoting the importation of industrial fasteners are competitive pricing and reputation and reliability of products. These two

factors account for 57 percent of the total rankings. Importers ranked meas- urement as an important promoting as well as deterring factor. (See tables pp. 64 and 65.)

Factors Affecting U.S. Imports of Industrial Fasteners

Promoting

Percent of total rankings

Prices are competitive

Reputation and reliability of product

Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and

engineering standards Growing U.S. market

All others

Total

Deterring

Strong U.S. competition

No quality advantage of product

No technological advantage of product

Prices are not competitive

High shipping costs Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

All others

Total

38.6

18.7

8.1 3.2 31.4

100.0

20.0

16.7

12.8 9.8 8.9

8.3 23.5

100.0
66 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

THE ELECTRONIC COMPUTING INDUSTRY 1

Inasmuch as the computer industry supplies nearly all worldwide demand,

the U.S. customary measurement system which is used to design and manufacture this equipment is not an important variable affecting our foreign trade. Exports of computer equipment are currently growing twice as fast as domestic

shipments. Imports are virtually nil. The outlook for continued export growth

in this equipment category remains exceptionally bright. In most cases, computer firms furnish foreign customers not only the equipment, but also engineering and technical assistance, software, as well as mainte- nance and servicing. Because nearly all equipment installed abroad is maintained and serviced by U.S. computer firms, the measurement system which is used to design and manufacture this equipment is of little concern to foreign customers. This total package purchase greatly reduces the importance of the measurement system to the foreign customer. Foreign Trade Patterns: In 1969, the U.S. exported nearly three-quarters

of a billion dollars of electronic computing equipment, including parts and

attachments. Exports were up over 225 percent since 1965, advancing from

$223 million to $728 million. This represented an annual increase of nearly

35 percent. Though the U.S. is importing some parts and attachments for electronic computing equipment, the quantity is believed to be very small. Most imports are coming from foreign affiliates of U.S. parent companies.

In 1970, U.S. exports of computer equipment reached about $1 billion and

are projected to climb to $2 billion by 1974. The European Common Market

is the largest, taking over a third of the total U.S. exports of computer

equipment. In 1969, exports to the EEC countries were $255.5 million; since

1965, they have been growing about 32 percent annually. The United Kingdom

bought over $104.5 million of U.S. computer equipment in 1969. Canada

imported nearly $100.0 million in 1969 and Japan, $91.3 million. In the past, foreign demand has lagged behind the rapidly growing U.S. demand. However, this is now changing and foreign markets are growing twice

as fast as the U.S. market. Managements in many foreign companies are now

taking advantage of computer technologies to upgrade their production per- formance and reduce costs, to provide better services to consumers, and to solve problems more efficiently. In 1969, over 80 percent of the 34,000 computers installed or on-order

abroad were produced by U.S. firms. Much of the remaining 20 percent was

produced under U.S. license. U.S. industry has pioneered and developed the widest range of computer equipment for application to the simplest task and

also to the most advanced problem. As a consequence, this technological edge

has given the industry a virtual monopoly of the world's electronic computer

market. However, this will be changing in the future since many foreign

producers are now moving into the computer market and several plan to make

a super computer in the 1975-80 period. (See table, p. 68.)

Measurement Factor: The U.S. customary measurement system which is

1 Standard Industrial Classification 3573.
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 67

used to design and manufacture electronic computing equipment poses no

hindrance or obstacle to U.S. exports of this equipment. The large U.S. trade surplus for this equipment is attributed to: (1) superior technology, (2)

reputation and reliability of products, (3) aggressive marketing, (4) growing

foreign markets, and (5) product maintenance and servicing. See table below.)

A distinctive characteristic of the U.S. computer industry is its marketing

practices. Nearly all equipment whether leased or sold outright involves a total package purchase. For one price a U.S. computer firm furnishes its customers

engineering and technical services, the equipment, the software programs, and

most importantly, the maintenance and servicing of the equipment. Therefore,

insofar as the customer is concerned, maintenance and servicing are no problem and it makes little or no difference to him what measurement system was

used in the design and manufacture of the computer equipment. Customers

rarely, if ever, service their own equipment.

Of the 9 BDC rspondents to the survey in SIC 3573, none manufactured

equipment in both metric and U.S. customary measurement systems. However, three respondents did indicate that they described their export shipments

in both metric and in U.S. customary units. In fact, nearly 50 percent of the export shipments of computer equipment are described in both measurement

systems in engineering drawings, catalogues, brochures, etc. Several respondents indicated that their equipment has to be compatible with the electrical supply in foreign countries and must meet certain electrical specifications.

However, they hastened to add that this was no limitation to exporting. One

peripheral manufacturer, whose products are designed and manufactured in the U.S. customary system, stated that compatibility with metric designed hard- ware was not currently a problem, but thought it could become so after 1975

when advances in technology bring foreign equipment approximately to the

level of U.S. products. If this development takes place, the respondent indiFactors Promoting U.S. Exports of Electronic Computing Equipment

Percent of total rankings

1 . Superior technology of product

2. Reputation and reliability of product

3. Vigorous company export promotion program

4. Growing foreign markets

5. Product maintenance and servicing is available

6. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and

engineering standards

20.8

16.9

16.7 13.6

14.0

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering

8. All others

Total

18.0

100.0
68 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

ON

NO

ON ON

or i

os vi v> cn so

os v> st « no

on jq o on ra

st

NO

-a- 3

ON5

stSO — st oo m oo

no oo st r~ <n~>

ON

V) 00 00 st 00 oo v> no m © st O * r»i no

1/1 m st oo no O O fi fl st

ONoON.

OS vi m no

OS vi st — no

on vi © Os r—

Cn| « —

st

so

oot 5

ON5

St 00 m 00

NO O OS OS o no oo vi

no oo st r~ m

I

©

3

o

uC

£

.9- '3

cr

C

CO

—I st

"* ^

(N vi

os os

S S

O as

5 .S b -c 3 E

oU

en

« 00 OO St 00

r~ rr, st OO NO

st ci O O <"0

rNi oo st st

5u

g

E o -o

8

P .ts OS C w =

03 3 = U W D

u S o

O. —

-> <

— CN m st v>
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 69

cated that his firm would take the necessary steps to compete, despite higher

costs. All survey respondents indicated that the U.S. customary measurement

system was not a hindrance to exporting. None had lost an export sale in the

last 3 years because of inability to meet the measurement specifications.

When asked to estimate the percentage change in 1975 exports over 1970,

assuming: (a) the U.S. maintained its current measurement system, and (b) the U.S. had converted to the metric system, nearly all respondents reported

there would be no significant difference in their trade if the U.S. converted.

Finally, when asked if the United Kingdom's conversion to the metric

system would adversely affect exports, four respondents answered negatively,

four said they did not know, and one said it would.

Respondents' Estimated Percentage Change in Export Shipments in 1975 Compared With

1970 Using Two Assumptions*

Estimated percentage change

No 0.1- 25.1- 50.1- 100.1- Over

change 25.0 50.0 100.0 200.0 200.1

3 0 5 0 1 0

Assumption B 3 0 5 0 0 1

* Assumptions:

(1) The 8 percent annual growth rate in Free World international trade for the last 6

years will continue for the period 1970-75.

(2) United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have substantially completed

conversion to the metric measurement system by 1970.

(3) Estimate based on current 1970 dollars. (A) The United States and your company will continue to use the current cus- tomary measurement units and /or engineering standards (this assumes that among all major industrialized countries only the U.S. will not have converted).

(B) The United States and your company had converted to the metric measurement

units and /or engineering standards by 1970. (This assumes there would be no changes

in the cost of producing the subject product in metric units and /or engineering standards.)

THE CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY

AND EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY 1

The construction machinery and equipment (CME) industry is an international industry, supplying over 85 percent of world demand for this product.

Currently, the industry exports one-third of it domestic output and generates a $1.2 billion foreign trade surplus.

The U.S. customary measurement system used to design and manufacture

1 Standard Industrial Classification 3531.
70 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

CME is not important either in promoting or deterring U.S. exports of this equipment. Reputation, reliability, and quality of equipment, superior technology, availability of maintenance and service, a vigorous export promotion pro- gram, and competitive pricing are all factors currently responsible for the large U.S. trade surplus of CME.

Practically all worldwide production of CME is designed to the U.S. cus- tomary measurement system. U.S. conversion to the metric system would have

little impact on U.S. foreign trade in CME.

During the seventies, the U.S. foreign trade surplus in CME will probably

deteriorate because many U.S. manufacturers will be producing abroad. Five

years ago, U.S. manufacturers of CME had little off-shore production. Currently, off-shore production by U.S. manufacturers is estimated to be about

$700 million annually, and reliable sources estimate that by 1980 this trend

may increase to as much as $2.5 billion. Domestic production of CME will probably decline from $4.0 billion to $3.0 billion during the same time period.

Lower costs of labor, material, and shipping, and no tariff duties encourage

U.S. firms to manufacture abroad.

Foreign Trade Patterns: The industry exports one-third of its total domestic

production of $4 billion, and it manufactures another estimated $700 million

of equipment abroad through its foreign-based subsidiaries and affiliates. As the major supplier to the free world, the U.S. manufactures nearly 100

percent of the large capacity, high-value CME, such as large cranes, shovels,

tracklaying and wheel-type tractors. Foreign producers compete mostly on low

value and small capacity CME.

One important factor which helps U.S. manufacturers supply the major

portion of world CME is their extensive worldwide franchise dealership organizations. These function not only as sales organizations but also provide

financing, maintenance and servicing, replacement parts and equipment, and

many other services. These services, coupled with a large product line, make

U.S. producers effective competitors.

Practically all worldwide production of CME is designed and manufactured

to U.S. customary measurement system. The reason is that most foreign pro- duced CME are copies of U.S. equipment and much of the equipment is made

under license arrangements with U.S. producers.

In 1969, U.S. export shipments of CME amounted to $1.3 billion, up from

$1.1 billion in 1965, an increase of 21 percent. Of this, parts and attachments

totaled $278 million, up 30 percent over 1965. Parts and attachments were

primarily intercompany shipments which will probably continue to grow as off-shore production increases. Exports of tracklaying type tractors were

$240.5 million in 1969 followed by cranes, draglines, and shovels totaling

$195.2 million. This last category demonstrated the largest growth, increasing

37 percent from the 1965-69 period.

Inasmuch as the U.S. dominates the worldwide market for CME, imports

from other countries are very small, amounting to $97.6 million in 1969. This

is overstated because it includes not only CME but also mining machinery and
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES 7!

equipment. BDC estimated CME imports in 1969 to be about $69 million, up

from $37 million in 1965.

In 1969, the U.S. trade surplus in CME amounted to $1.2 billion, up

slightly from $995.5 million in 1965. (As noted above, this is understated

because it includes imports of mining equipment as well as CME.) The U.S. CME trade surplus was $232 million with Canada and $171 million with the Common Market countries. In 1965-69, the CME trade surplus with the Latin American countries increased from $163 million to $230 million. The

surplus with Asian countries, except Japan, was about $167 million in 1969,

down slightly from $173 million in 1965. (See table, p. 73.)

Measurement Factors: Measurement when related to other factors affecting U.S. foreign trade of CME is of minor significance. Reputation, reliability,

and quality of equipment; superior technology; availability of maintenance

and servicing; vigorous export promotion programs; competitive pricing; and

good financing and insurance terms are responsible for the large U.S. trade surplus of CME.

Deterrents to U.S. exports cited were: prices, strong local and third country

competition, high shipping costs, no quality advantage of product, high tariffs, and no technological advantage. Rarely was the measurement system identified as either promoting or deterring U.S. foreign trade. (See table, p. 74.)

None of the 25 survey respondents designed and manufactured their equipment in both metric and U.S. customary units and engineering standards.

However, seven respondents indicated they described their export shipments

in both measurement systems in their engineering drawings, catalogues, brochures, etc. Over 90 percent of the CME exports are described, designed, and manufactured to U.S. customary units and engineering standards. Nearly all of the remaining exports were designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and engineering standards, but were described in both measurement systems.

Only 15 percent of the exports of those respondents in the survey went to foreign affiliates and subsidiaries and the remainder to other customers. Only three respondents found it a hindrance to export because their equipment was not designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering

standards. They reported a growing pressure from foreign customers to manufacture their equipment in metric units and standards. None of the respondents solicit export orders for equipment to be built in metric units and

standards, and only three respondents lost orders in the last 3 years because

they could not meet the metric specifications. Asked if their exports would be

adversely affected when the United Kingdom converts to the metric system, 20

respondents replied negatively, 3 affirmatively, and 2 did not know.

Although reporting that the measurement system was relatively unimportant

in foreign trade of CME, many respondents expected an increase in trade if the U.S. were to convert to the metric system. When asked to estimate the percentage change in their 1975 exports over 1970 assuming the U.S. maintained its current measurement system, over half the respondents stated there
72 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

would be no change. Sixteen percent estimated an increase and 32 percent

anticipated a decline. Half the respondents estimated no change and half an increase in their 1975 exports over 1970, assuming the U.S. had converted to the metric

system. None estimated a decline in exports, in contrast to the 32 percent

estimating a decline assuming the U.S. had not converted to the metric system.

However, nearly all of those respondents anticipating an increase from conversion to the metric system had relatively small exports except for one large

exporter.

Respondents' Estimated Percentage Change in Export Shipments

in 1975 Compared with 1970 Using Two Assumptions*

Estimated percentage change

-25.1 -10.0 -0.1 No 0.1 to 10.0 to 25.0 and to to change 9.9 24.9 and

over -24.9 -9.9 over

Assumption 3 A 5 2 1 13 0 1 3

Assumption 3B 0 0 0 13 3 3 6

* Assumptions:

(1) The 8 percent annual growth rate in Free World International trade for the last 6 years will continue for the period 1970-75.

(2) United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have substantially completed

conversion to the metric measurement system by 1970.

(3) Estimate based on current 1970 dollars. (A) The United States and your company will continue to use the current customary measurement units and /or engineering standards (this assumes that among all major

industrialized countries only the U.S. will not have converted).

(B) The United States and your company had converted to the metric measurement

units and /oi engineering standards by 1970. (This assumes there would be no changes

in the cost of producing the subject product in metric units and /or engineering standards.)
EFFECTS OF METRIC CONVERSION ON SELECTED INDUSTRIES

onno

ON oo oo

IT) t~- t~~ ~ O vo Os c*i r- «s fS fs

*- rfS (N «->

r-no

On

nC

^OCN

ON ON

ON ON

ON ON

NO NO ON ON

00 (N 00 Tt

no' v! on — m <N <NNO

On r—' p-' 3 ON <N — NO

V-l t/*N ON ON

ON ON N S\ N —< C*l NO

ON

sDON

00 fN ON 00 O oo oo no' cou

u o>

v. ^

-=• ~ o c

E.9-

E a

«n >« « "9 TJ C

oQ

NOnD

ON

ON

NO

ON

o ©

ON ON

On On

NO r-; O ON no «"> rn vi

O ON t-; 00 U1 OO N 00

~- "/I © ON

On Wi O

no r~ O On

r»l ON nO_ On —i -<t oo On O cn m <N

M N M

c

oa

x p p

00 00 O p.

oo oo o o

00 i-H «1

no' >n oo' oo

r*N rs m — NO h

--' oo in q w-i on © (N m »—i cn — NO

O O

NO — on r- oo

c-i On on no — NO

sa

o

•ac

as

E o

il

II

ori

3m 60 C C w 12 4> S m 1c u

3 S o S a == D 5 <

m Tt IT)
74 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Factors Affecting U.S. Exports of Construction Machinery

and Equipment

Promoting

Percent of

total ranking

1. Reputation and reliability of product

2. Superior technology

3. Higher quality products

4. Product maintenance and servicing is available

5. Vigorous company export promotion program

6. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and

engineering standards

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

8. All others

Total

Deterring

1. Prices are not competitive

2. Non-tariff barriers , 3. High shipping costs

4. No quality advantage of product

5. High tariff duties , 6. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary measurement

units and standards

7. Products are designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

8. All others

Total

22.7

19.3 16.3

11.6 9.9

20.2

100.0

23.6 22.2

16.5 9.3 9.0

5.1

14.3

100.0
Appendix A

OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY OF STUDY

Public Law 90-742, dated August 8, 1968, authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to undertake a study to determine the effect on the United States

of increased worldwide use of the metric system. Pertinent to the report is section 2 of the Law which states ". . . the Secretary, among other things,

shall—(1) investigate and appraise the advantages and disadvantages to the United States in international trade and commerce, . . . of an internationally

standardized system of weights and measures." The Secretary of Commerce delegated to the National Bureau of Standards

(NBS) authority to prepare the Study. The Metric Study will consist of 14

major investigative components, each dealing with a specific area. Findings of

these individual studies will be incorporated into the Metric Study to be

submitted by the Secretary of Commerce to the United States Congress.

One major investigative component of the Metric Study has as its objective: "to evaluate the potential effects that U.S. conversion to metric measurements

and standards may have on U.S. foreign trade." In May 1970, the NBS

engaged the Business and Defense Services Administration (BDSA), now the Bureau of Domestic Commerce (BDC), to undertake this part of the Metric

Study.

Accordingly, BDC conducted a survey of exporters and importers of commodities which would be affected by a conversion to the metric system. The

survey consisted of four phases: (1) selection of the five-digit Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) product classes to be studied; (2) selection of

firms to be surveyed; (3) preparation, mailing, followup, editing, and tabulation of questionnaires; and (4) analysis of data and writing of report.

Selection of Product Classes: The Survey was restricted to those product

classes (five-digit SIC) which were identified as being measurement sensitive. These are product classes where physical changes to commodities would most

likely occur because of changes to metric measurements and engineering

standards. If physical changes to products were not likely to occur because of conversion, or if the product would remain the same except for labeling or packaging in metric units, it was assumed that there would be no impact on

foreign trade. These product classes were excluded from the survey. In selecting the product classes it was further assumed that the existing U.S. customary measurement system and engineering standards would ultimately

change to new metric measurements and engineering standards. Thus, physical

changes would occur in those products currently designed and manufactured

in accordance with U.S. engineering standards. Included would be: (1)

finished products currently manufactured in U.S. engineering standards; (2)

intermediate products which are standard parts and components; and (3)

finished products, not produced to any standards, but which must be rede- signed to accommodate standard parts and components designed and manufactured in metric units and standards.

75
76 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Certain exceptions were made to the criteria used to identify measurement

sensitive product classes. For example, products were not included in the survey ( 1 ) when U.S. engineering standards are currently used worldwide and

it would be unrealistic to change them; e.g., locomotive and railroad equipment and oil field machinery; and (2) when products are exported and

imported to certain specifications or job orders, such as steam, gas, and

hydraulic turbine generators.

Because of budget restrictions, product classes identified as measurement

sensitive which had trade volume of less than $10 million were not surveyed.

This reduced the number of product classes surveyed for exports by 54 and

for imports, 52. The 1969 trade volume in the export product classes not surveyed amounted to $244.2 million, which was only 1.8 percent of the total trade for all export product classes identified as being measurement sensitive. The 1969 trade volume for import product classes not surveyed was $134.3

million, or 2.2 percent of all import product classes classified as measurement

sensitive. An important assumption underlying the survey was that no price changes

would result from additional costs of metric conversion. Implicit in this assumption is that competitive relationships, insofar as price is concerned,

between domestic and foreign producers will remain unchanged. It was impossible to identify those product classes, if any, which might experience

increased costs owing to metric conversion.

Using these criteria and assumptions, the 1,166 five-digit SIC product

classes were reviewed to identify those which were measurement sensitive and

188 were selected for exports and 155 for imports. Most of the selected product classes fall within four major SIC groupings: nonelectrical machinery,

electrical equipment and supplies, transportation equipment, and instruments

and related products. See page 86 for a list of product classes identified as meeting the criteria for inclusion in the survey. Selection of Survey Panel: The American Industrial Trader's Index (AITI) was used to select firms. The AITI is a computerized compilation of U.S. exporting and importing firms registered with the Department of Commerce.

The list provides names and addresses as well as a substantial amount of information on each firm, including product classes each firm exports and

imports.

An effort to stratify the survey panel by firm size was unsuccessful because

the number of small firms engaged in foreign trade is insufficient. The bulk of

foreign trade is carried on by a small number of large firms. One source

estimates that 50 percent of U.S. exports are shipped by 93 large firms. The Panel selected for the survey was not a scientific or probability sample

of the total trade in each product class identified as being measurement

sensitive. Though the AITI identifies product classes in which many firms export and import, it does not provide information on a firm's trade volume in each product class which is necessary to draw a representative sample for the survey. Instead, the number of respondents selected for each product class was

based on the total trade volume of the product class. The larger the product

class trade volume, the larger the number of firms selected for the panel. For
APPENDIX A 77

each product class having a trade volume of $10 million to $49.9 million, five firms were drawn; for product classes with trade volume of $50.0 million to $99.9 million, seven firms were drawn; and for product classes with a trade volume of $100.0 million and over, 10 firms were chosen.

The survey panel comprised 510 firms. Most firms were asked to report for more than one product class. The response to this voluntary survey was

exceptionally high. Nearly 74 percent of the firms canvassed reported. About

45 percent of the total 1969 export volume of the product classes identified as measurement sensitive was covered in the survey. For imports the percentage was nearly 37. The Survey Questionnaire: Separate questionnaires were designed for exporters and importers. The questionnaires collected three broad classes of information: (1) general information about the firm's foreign trade operations; (2) information about those factors which affect the respondents' trade; and (3) projections of the respondents' trade to 1975. See pp. 78 to 85 for copies of questionnaires.

Information sought included not only the magnitude of respondents' trade

for the years 1967-69, but also data on shipments from/imports to foreign

affiliates and other customers. Trade data were also collected on respondents'

shipments/imports by measurement system. Besides determining the quantity

of trade which was shipped/imported in U.S. customary measurements, data were also gathered on that trade which was shipped/imported in metric units and engineering standards. The respondent was also asked to rank the five most important factors either promoting or deterring foreign trade with the nine countries which are the most important U.S. trading partners.

About 12 or 14 factors were listed from which the respondent ranked the

five most important including measurement, both metric and U.S. customary. This information was required to obtain some notion of how important

the measurement factor is in relation to other factors affecting the respondent's trade. The third category of information collected was the respondent's estimate of the percentage change in his 1975 exports/imports over 1970 based on two

assumptions: (1) the U.S. and his firm maintained the current measurement

system; and (2) the U.S. and his firm converted to the metric system. (See

the questionnaires for other assumptions.) The rationale underlying these estimates was to hold all factors constant except the measurement system

factor. The net difference between the two estimates would provide data as to which measurement system would yield the larger trade surplus, if any, for the U.S.The Final Report: The fourth and final phase of the study involves the

analysis of the data collected and the preparation of a final report for incorporation into the Secretary of Commerce's report to the U.S. Congress.
78 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Budget Bureau No. 41-S70044; Approval Expires December 31, 1970 Name and address of company (Principal office) (Street, City, form BDSAF-671

A

State end Zip Code) (7-7-701

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUSINESS AND DEFENSE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

IMPACT OF METRICATION

ON

U.S. EXPORTS OF PRODUCT CI A«

Return to: U.S. Deportment of Commerce

Woshington, O.C. 20230

Attention: Business and Defense Services

Administration, OAAIA -510 RETURN NO LATER THAN SEPTEMBER 1, 1970

INSTRUCTIONS

General - Nearly all countries of the world have adopted

the metric system of measurement. The United Kingdom

in 1965 announced its intention of converting all manufacturing and other sectors of its economy to the metric system by 1975. In 1967, South Africa decided to follow.

In 1969, the New Zealand Government announced its intention of making the metric system its national system

of weights and measures, and in 1970, both Australia and Canada announced the same intention.

Public Law 90-472, August 9, 1968, authorized the Secretary of Commerce to conduct a program of investigation, research, and surveys to determine the impact of increasing worldwide use cf the metric system on the United States. As part of this study, BDSA has been asked to conduct

a survey to evaluate the potential impact that metrication

in the United States may have on U.S. foreign trade.

Moiling - Prepare and return one copy of this report to the Business and Defense Services Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230, no later than September 1, 1970. Coverage - A complete report should be filed for your company for product class

In all sections, except

Section I, report data only for this product class. In Section I include all products shipped. Please complete all sections. If data are not available for any single item,

report not available (NA). If your company does not maintain central records for all of your subsidiaries or

divisions', you may elect to report for a single subsidiary

or division. If you choose to report on this basis, select

that subsidiary, department, or division whose products

are most representative of the subject product class. Also

indicate in the space below the name of the subsidiary, department, or division. Estimates - If exact data are not available, reasonable

est i mates are acceptable. Report all value figure s in terms of thousands of dollars, rounded to the neare st $1 thousand.

Confidentiality - The individual company information

reported on this form is for statistical purposes only. The unauthori zed publ i cat ion or disclosure of individua" company information by Government personnel is prohibited

by law, and such personnel having access thereto are subject to fine and imprisonment for unauthorized disc losure.

Definitions

Value of Shipments - The received or receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and taxes), of products shipped, include installation where applicable. This is the same definition used by the Bureau of the Census.

Export Shipments - Value of shipments from the U.S. Customs area (including the 50 States, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) to foreign countries at the seaport, border point, or airport of exportation. It is based on the selling price (or cost if not sold) and

includes inland freight, insurance and other charges to the

port of exportation. This is the same definition used to prepare the Shipper's Export Declaration, Commerce

Form 7525-V, which is filed with the U.S. Bureau of Customs.

Foreign Subsidiaries or Affiliates - Any foreign incor- porated company in which the U.S. parent company holds 25 percent or more of the voting stock.

U.S. Customary System - The sysrem of measurement units (yard, pound, second, degree Fahrenheit, and units de- rived from the se) most commonl y used in the United

States. Synonyms: "English sy stem "U.S. system."

Metric System - The measurement system based generally on the meter as a unit of length, the kilogram as a unit of mass, the second as a unit of time, the degree Celsius as

a unit of temperature and units derived from these. This

system has evolved over the years and the modernized

version today is identified as the "International System

of Units" (SI).

Engine ering Standards - A practice e stabl i shed by authority

or mutual agreement and described in a document to assure dimen sional compatibil ity, qua 1 it y of product, uniform it y of evaluation procedure, or uniformity of engineering lan- guage. Examples are documents prescribing screw thread dimensions, chemical composition and mechanical

properties of steel, clothing sizes, performance standards,

sizes and ratings, methods of testing for materials, and

codes for highway signs. Engineering standards may be designated in terms of the level of coordination by which

they were established (e.g., company standards, industry standards, national standards) or in terms of the "lan- guage" or units upon which they are based (e.g., metric

standards).

Metri cation - Any act tend in g to increase the use of the

metric system (SI), whether it he increased use of metric

units or engineering standards that are based on such units.

USCOMM-DC 37015-P71
APPENDIX A 79

Section I - 1969 TOTAL SHIPMENTS - DOMESTIC AND FOR EXPORT

Item Value (S000)

Total Shipments, oil products

1. Do nestic shipments

2. Export shipments

Section II - PRODUCT CLASS SHIPMENTS - DOMESTIC AND FOR EXPORT

Item

Totol shipments, product class

1. Domestic shipments , 2. Export shipments by customer, total

a. To foreign affiliates

1. For further processing or assembly

2. For resale without further manufacturing

3. Other

b. To other foreign customers ,

3. Export shipments by system of measurement, total (estimates are acceptable):

a. Value of exports designed, assembled, manufactured, and described in U.S. customary

units and engineering standards

b. Value of exports designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and engineering standards but described in labels, packages, engineering drawings or catalogues in metric units. Descriptions in dual dimensions would be included

c. Value of exports designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and engineering standards but which have been substantially modified or changed to include standard

parts, compone nts , or subassemblies designed and manufactured in metric units and

engineering standards

d. Value of exports designed, assembled, manufactured, and described in metric units and engineering standards

Value ($000) 1967 1968 1969

Section III - MAJOR FACTORS CURRENTLY INFLUENCING EXPORT SHIPMENTS OF SUBJECT PRODUCT CLASS, BY FOREIGN MARKET - The purpose of this section is to determine the most important factors affecting your cur- rent trade in the subject product class by major country, particularly the relative importance of the measure me system (U.S. customary or metric) to all other factors.

A. For those countries to which you ore currently exporting, rank by number (1, 2, 3, etc.) the five most favorable factors fluencing your sales.

Factors promoting your exports 3

cU

United Kingdom

West

Germany

France H

Netherlands |

J CO

c

Cu

6. Vigorous company export promotion program .

8. Products designed or manufactured in U.S. customary units and/or engineering standards

11* Lack of local and third country competition..

12. Products designed and manufactured in metric

14* Product maintenance and servicing is

15. Others (Specify)

16.

17.
80 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Section III •

B. For those countries listed below to which you are not now exporting, rank by number (1, 2, 3, etc.) the five most important

factors which are deterrents to your exporting.

Factors deterring your exports

Canada

United Kingdom

We

st Germany

France Italy

Netherlands

LuxBelgium

Japan M

exico

1. No technological advantage of products «...

7. Products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and/or engineering standards

10. Strong local and third country competition . • 11. Products designed or manufactured in metric

13. Product maintenance and servicing difficult.

14. Others (Spicily)

15.

16.

17.

Section IV - EFFECT OF METRICATION ON EXPORT ACTIVITIES

1. Does your company design and manufacture the same products falling within the subject product class in both U.S. customary measurement units and/or engineering standards and metric units and/or engineering standards for export sales?

I I Yes £3] No (II Yae. prociad to Qutmlion 2.)

«. Has your company because it does not design or manufacture the subject product class in metric units and/or engineering standards found this a hindrance in exporting?

Yes No

1. If so, please list those countries to which you are not able to export:

2. Does your company or any of its domestic subsidiaries, divisions, or similar organizations of your company actively

solicit export orders for subject product class specifying they be produced in substantially metric units and/or

engineering standards?

Yes CUNo

3. In the last three years, has your company ever turned down an expect order for any product falling within the subject

product class solely because it could not meet the specifications that the goods be produced in metric units and/or

engineering standards?

Yes No

4. Because the United Kingdom is converting to the metric system, will this adversely affect your export sales if your company does not convert its production to metric units and/or engineering standards?

I I Yes No CH Do not know FORM BOSAF-S7IA (7-7-70) USCOMM-OC 37010-P7I
APPENDIX A

81

S«cti«n V - EXPORT POTENTIAL AND METRICATION IMPACT

Report in Part A and B your company's estimated percentage change in export shipments of subject product class in 1975 as compared with 1970 under the following assumptions:

f 1) The 8 percent annual growth rate in Free World international trade for the last six years will continue for the period 1970-75.

(2) United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have substantially completed conversion to the metric measurement

system by 1970.

(3) Base estimate on current 1970 dollars.

A. If the United States and your company continue to use current customary measurement units and/or engineering standards bv

all what

major

percentage would your 1975 export shipments to all countries increase or decrease over 1970? (This assumes that anon* industrialized countries only the U.S. will not have converted.) assumes tfcat among

Increase % No change Decrease %

ft* If the United States and your company had concerted to the metric measurement units and/or engineering standards by 1970, by what percentage would your 1975 export shipments to all countries increase or decrease over 1970? (This also assumes

there would be no changes in the cost of producing the subject product in metric units and/or engineering standards. Consideration should also be given to potential new markets where you may not be currently exporting because your products were not manufactured in metric measurements or engineering standards but which would open up, assuming your company

had converted to the metric system.)

Increase _% No change Decrease %

C. Under the assumption as in Part B, would your export shipments of subject product class:

1. From the United States to your foreign affiliates, if any, | ] increase, decrease, or remain at the current (Check the appropriate box) level?

2. From the United States to other foreign customers (other than foreign affiliates) Q^] increase, [^] decrease, or fCkeck the appropriate box) | | remain at the current level?

3. From your foreign affiliates, if any, to the United States increase, Q decrease, or remain the same? (Check the appropriate box)

4. a. And in what foreign markets (countries) if any, would your company expect its exports from the United States to increase?

b. And in what foreign markets (countries) if any, would your company expect its exports from the United States to decrease?

Sect i«n VI - REMARKS: Additional comments which would help us evaluate this report. (Use additional sheet it necessary)

Name of person who should be contacted if questions arise regarding this report Area Code and Telephone No.

Reported by (Signature, Name, and Address) Date reported

FORM BDSAF-671A U^BCQMM-bC 370 15- P?1 l7-7-70>
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Budgei Bureau No. 41-S70044, Approval Expires December 31 1970 Name and address of company (Principal otllce) (stroetg City, Stflo and Zip Code) form BDSAF-67 1 B

(7-7-70) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUSINESS AND DEFENSE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

IMPACT OF METRICATION

ON

U.S. IMPORTS OF

PRODUCT CLASS

Return to: U.S. Department of Commerce

Washington, D.C. 20230

Attention: Business and Defense Services

Administration, OAAIA -510 RETURN NO LATER THAN SEPTEMBER 1, 1970

INSTRUCTIONS

General - Nearly all countries of the world have adopted

the metric system of measurement. The United Kingdom

in 1965 announced its intention of converting all manufacturing and other sectors of its economy to the metric system by 1975. In 1967, South Africa decided to follow.

In 1969, the New Zealand Government announced its intention of making the metric system its national system

of weights and measures, and in 1970, both Australia and Canada announced the same intention.

Public Law 90-472, August 9, 1968, authorized the Secretary of Commerce to conduct a program of investigation, research, and survey to determine the impact of increasing worldwide use of the metric system on the United States. As part of this study, BDSA has been asked to conduct a survey to evaluate the potential impact that metrication

in the United States may have on U.S. foreign trade.

Mailing - Prepare and return one copy of this report to the Business and Defense Services Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C 20230, no later than September 1, 1970. Coverage - A complete report should be filed for your company for product class

In all sections, except Section I, report data only for this product class. In Section I include all products shipped. Please complete all sections. If data are not available for any single item, report not available (NA). If your company

does not maintain central records for all of your subsidiaries

or divisions, you may elect to report for a single subsidiary or division. If you choose to report on this basis,

select that subsidiary, department, or division whose

products are most representative of the subject product

class. Also indicate in the space below the name of the subsidiary, department or division

Estimates - If exact data are not available, reasonable

estimates are acceptable. Report all value figures in terms of thousands of dollars, rounded to the nearest

$1 thousand.

Confidential I ty - The individual company information

reported on this form is for statistical purposes only. The unauthorized publication or disclosure of individual company information by Government personnel is pro- hibited by law, and such personnel having access thereto

are subject to fine and imprisonment for unauthorized

disclosure.

Definitions

Value of Imports - The market value in the foreign country, excluding U.S. import duties, freight charges, and insur- ance, for goods com ing into the U.S. customs area (the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico)

without regard to whether the importation involved a commercial transaction. This is the same value information required on import entries in accordance with Sections

402 and 402(A) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended.

Foreign Subsidiaries or Affiliates - Any foreign incorpo- rated company in which the U.S. parent company holds 25

percent or more of the voting stock. U .S. Customory System - The system of mea sure rncnt units (yard, pound, second, degree Fahrenheit, and units derived from these) most commonly used in the United

States. Synonyms: "English system," "U.S. system."

Metric System - The measurement system based generally on the meter as a unit of length, the kilogram as a unit of mass, the second as a unit of time, the degree Celsius as

a unit of temperature and units derived from these. This system has evolved over the years and the modern ized version today is identified as the "International System

of Units" (SI).

Engineering Standards - A practice established by authority

or mutual agreement and described in a document to assure dimensional coi ipat ibi lity , quality of product, uniformity

of evaluation procedure, or uniformity of engineering language. Examples are documents prescribing screw

thread dimensions, chemical composition and mechanical

properties of steel, clothing sizes, performance standards, sizes and ratings, methods of testing for materials, and codes for highway signs. Engineering standards may be designated in terms of the level of coordination by which

they were established (e.g., company standards, industry standards, national standards) in terms of the "language"

or units upon which they are based (e.g., metric standards).

Metrication - Any act tending to increase the use of the metric system (SI), whether it be increased use of metric

units or engineering standards that are based on such units.

USCOMM-DC 370I4-P71
APPENDIX A 83

Section I - 1969 TOTAL IMPORTS

1. Total imports, all products.

Section II - PRODUCT CLASS IMPORTS

Item Value ($000)

1967 | 1968 | 1969

1. Total imports of product class by supplier, total.

a. From foreign affiliates [_ 1. Foe further processing or assembly

|_ 2. For resale without further manufacturing '

3. Other I

b. From other foreign sources >

1. For further processing or assembly

2. For resale without further manufacturing I

3. Other I

2. Imports by system of measurement, total (estimates are acceptable) [_ a. Value of imports designed, assembled, manufactured, and described

in U.S. customary units and engineering standards !

b. Value of imports designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

but described in labels, packages, engineering drawings, or catalogues in U.S. customary units. Descriptions in dual dimensions would be included j_ c. Value of imports designed and manufactured in metric units and engineering standards

but which have been substantially modified or changed to include standard parts, components, or subassemblies designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and

engineering standards L

d. Value of imports designed, assembled, manufactured, and described in metric unics and engineering standards !

Section Ml . MAJOR FACTORS CURRENTLY INFLUENCING IMPORTS OF SUBJECT PRODUCT CLASS, BY FOREIGN SUP- PLIER (COUNTRY) - The purpose of this section is to determine the most important factors affecting your current

trade in the subject product class by major country, particularly the relative importance of the measurement sys- tem (U.S. customary or metric) to all other factors.

A. For those countries from which you ore currently importing, rank by number (1, 2, 3, etc.) the five most favorable factors influencing your sales.

Factors promoting your imports u

cU

United Kingdom West

Germany

4JU

c

CO

Italy

Netherlands Lux-Belgium

Japan

Mexico

1 I

j

;

1 !

6. Vigorous company sales promotion program . .

!

j

1

8. Products designed and manufactured in metric !

i !

9. Products are designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and/or engineering j

i

|

i

:

11. Product maintenance and servicing is available

13.

' 1 1

'

,

1 f

f
84 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Factors deterring your imports

Canada United Kingdom

West

Germany France

Italy

Netherlands

E

.2

'<£

Cj3

a

ex

o

t>

1. No technological advantage of products. ....

7. Products designed and manufactured in U.S. customary units and/or engineering

10. Products designed and manufactured in metric units and/ or engineering standards- • ••

11. Product maintenance and servicing not

12. Other (Specify)

13.

1 I.

Section III - 8- For those countries listed below from which you are not now importing, rank by number (1, 2, 3i etc.) the five most important

factors which are deterrents to your importing.

Section IV - IMPORT POTENTIAL AND METRICATION IMPACT

Report in Part A and B your company's estimated percentage change in imports of subject product class in 1975 as compared with 1970 under the following assumptions:

(1) The 8 percent annual growth rate in Free World international trade for the last six years will continue for the period 1970-75-

(2) United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have substantially completed conversion to the metric measurement

system by 1970.

(3) Base estimate on current 1970 dollars.

A. If the United States and your company continue to use current customary measurement units and/or engineering standard.;, by what percentage would your 1975 imports increase or decrease over 1970? (This assumes that among all major industrialized countries only the U.S. will not have converted.)

%

If the United States and your company had converted to metric measurement units and engineering standards by 1970, by whai percentage would your 1975 imports increase or decrease over 1970? (This assumes there would be no change- in US man- ufactures cost of producing the subject product in metric units and/or standards.)

Increase No change Decrease C Under the assumption as in Part B, would your imports of subject product class:

1. From your foreign affiliates, if any, increase, decrease, or remain at the current level (Pteaee check the appropriate box)

2. From other foreign suppliers (other than foreign affiliates) to the United States increase, decrease, (Please check the appropriate box) Qor remain at the current level

3- a. And from what foreign suppliers (countries) if any, would your company expect your imports to increase?

>. And from what foreign suppliers (countries) if any, would your company expect your imports to decrease?

FORM BOSAF-671B (7-7-70) USCOMM-DC 370 140P71
APPENDIX A 85

S*ctiM V • REMARKS . Additional comments which would help us evaluate this report

Name of person who should be contacted if questions arise regarding this report Area Code and "telephone No.

Reported by (Slgnmturo. N*me. mnd Addrmam) Date reported

FORM »OSAF-e7|B 17-7-70) USCOMM-OC 370I4-P7I
86 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Measurement-Standard Sensitive Product Classes Surveyed

sic Product description SIC Product description

24 Lumber and wood products 24210 Sawmills and planing mills, general *24320 Veneer and plywood

24996 Fabricated hardboard products, made from

hardboard establishment (imports only) 30 Rubber and plastics products, N.E.C.

30793 Laminated sheets, rods and tubes

33 Primary metal industries 33123 Hot-rolled sheet and strip, including tin-mill products 33124 Hot-rolled bars and bar shapes, plates, struc- tural shapes and piling 33126 Steel pipe and tubes—(produced in steel mills) 33176 Steel pipe and tubes—(not made in steel mills) 33127 Cold rolled steel sheet and strip (produced

in steel mills) 33167 Cold rolled steel sheet and strip (not made

in steel mills) 33128 Cold finished steel bars and bar shapes (pro- duced in steel mills) 33168 Cold finished steel bars and bar shapes (not made in steel mills) *33512 Rolled, drawn and extruded copper and copper-base alloy mill products *33522 Aluminum plate and sheet (including foil stock) 33524 Rolled aluminum rod, bar (including continous cast) of structural shapes 33525 Extruded aluminum rod, bar and other ex- truded shapes

34 Fabricated metal products

*34231 Mechanics' hand service tools 34233 Files, rasps, and file accessories and other hand tools 34320 Plumbing fixture fittings and trim (brass goods)

34331 Oil burners, residential and industrial (sold

separately), except parts 34336 Other heating equipment, except electric, including parts for nonelectric heating

equipment

*?4410 Fabricated structural steel 1420 Metal doors, sash and trim

1431 Heat exchangers and steam condensers

34433 Steel power boilers, parts and attachments

(over 15 P.S.I, steam working pressure) 34435 Metal tanks, complete at factory (standard

line pressure) 34437 Metal tanks, complete at factory (standard

line nbnpressure)

*34492 Prefabricated and portable metal buildings

and parts *34493 Miscellaneous metal building materials and

curtain wall *34521 Bolts, nuts, and other standard industrial fasteners *34941 Automatic regulating and control valves *34944 Plumbing and heating valves and specialties (except plumbers' brass goods) *34945 Metal fittings, flanges and unions for piping

systems 34946 Fittings and assemblies for tubing and hose

(except plumbers' brass goods)

35 Machinery, except electrical *35 191 Gasoline engines, except aircraft, automobile,

truck, bus and tank

*35 193 Diesel engines (except for trucks and buses) *35 194 Diesel engines (for trucks and buses) *35195 Outboard motors

35199 Parts and accessories for internal combustion

engines *35221 Wheel tractors and attachments (except contractor's off-highway type, garden tractors and motor tillers) ^5223 Planting, seeding, and fertilizing machinery

pt. (excl. pts.) ?5224 Planes, listers, harrows, rollers, pulverizers,

pt. stalk cutters and similar equipment

35225 Harvesting machinery

pt. 35226 Haying machinery

35227 Lawnmowers and snowblowers

*35222 All other farm machinery equipment, and

*35228 parts *35229

*35311 Contractors off-highway wheel tractors, ex- cept parts and attachments

*353 12 Tracklaying type tractors, except parts, and

attachments

*35313 Parts and attachments for tracklaying type

tractors, contractors' off-highway wheel

tractors, and tractor shovel loaders *35314 Power crane (including locomotive and full- circle revolving with booms), draglines, shovels and parts *35316 Mixers, pavers, and related equipment ex- cluding parts *35317 Tractor shovel loaders, excluding parts and

attachments *35318 Scrapers, graders, rollers, and off-highway

trucks, trailers and wagons (excluding

parts)
APPENDIX A 87

SIC Product description SIC Product description

*35319 Other construction machinery and equipment,

including parts *35321 Underground mining and mineral beneficia- tion machinery and equipment

35322 Crushing, pulverizing, and screening machinery 35323 All other mining machinery and equipment

35324 Parts and attachments for mining machinery and equipment

35340 Elevators and moving stairways *35350 Conveyors and conveying equipment

*35360 Hoists, cranes and monorails *35370 Industrial trucks and tractors *35411 Boring machines

35412 Drilling machines

*35413 Gear-cutting and finishing machines

*35414 Grinding and polishing machines (excl. gear

tooth grinding honing, lapping, polishing

and buffing machines)

35415 Lathes *35416 Milling machines

*35418 Other machine tools (including those designed

primarily for home workshops, laboratories,

etc.) *35419 Parts for metal-cutting type machine tools, sold separately, rebuilt machine tools. *35421 Punching, shearing, bending, and forming

machines

*35422 Presses, including forging presses *35423 Other metal-forming machine tools (including

forging machines) 35424 Parts for metal-forming machine tools and

rebuilt metal forming machinery

*35441 Special dies, and tools, die sets, jigs and

fixtures

* 3 5442 Industrial molds

*35451 Small cutting tools for machine tools and

metalworking machinery

*35481 Rolling mill machinery and equipment

35482 Power-driven hand tools, including (parts of

attachments)

*3551 1 Dairy and milk products plant machinery and

& 2 equipment and commercial food products

machinery

*35513 Other industrial food products machinery, in- cluding parts and attachments for all types of industrial food products machinery

*35521 Textile machinery

*35522 Parts and attachments for textile machinery

*35530 Woodworking machinery, including parts and

attachments *35540 Paper industries machinery

*35551 Printing presses

*35552 Other printing trade machinery, including

parts and attachments *35592 Foundry machinery and equipment, excluding

(patterns and molds) 35593 Plastics-working machinery and equipment,

excluding patterns and molds

35594 Rubber-working machinery and equipment,

excluding tire molds

35595 Other special industry machinery and equip- ment

35611 Industrial pumps, except hydraulic fluid power pumps

35612 Hydraulic fluid power pumps and motors and

(vacuum pumps)

*35614 Air and gas compressors, except refrigeration compressors

*35615 Pumps and compressors, N.E.C., except

refrigeration compressors *35616 Parts and attachments for air and gas compressors *35621 Ball bearings, complete

*35622 Taper (except thrust) roller bearings, complete

*35623 Other roller bearings, complete

35629 Parts and components for ball and roller bearings, including balls and rollers, sold

separately *35641 Industrial fans and blowers *35661 Plain bearings *35662 Speed changers, industrial high speed drives, and gears

* 3 5663 Other mechanical power transmission equip- ment

35673 High frequency induction and dielectric heat- ing equipment and parts, attachments and

components

* 3 5690 General industrial machinery, N.E.C.

*35720 Typewriters, including coding media, parts and attachments

*35731 Electronic computing equipment, except typewriters *35732 Parts and attachments for electronic computing equipment

*35741 Calculating and accounting machines includ- ing cash registers, except paits and attach- ments

*35743 Parts and attachments for calculating accounting machines

35760 Scales and balances, except laboratory *35791 Other complete office and store machines, N.E.C.

*35792 Parts and attachments for office and store machines, N.E.C.

35811 Automatic merchandising machines

36 Electrical equipment and supplies
68 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

SIC Product description SIC Product description

'36111 Integrating instruments, elec. and test 36112 Equipment for testing electrical, radio and

communication circuits and motors

36113 Other electrical measuring instruments *36120 Transformers

*361 30 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus

* 362 11 Fractional horsepower motors

*36212 Integral horsepower motors and generators, except for land transpoitation equipment

*36213 Land transportation motors, generators, and

control equipment and parts 36214 Prime mover generator sets, except steam or

hydraulic turbine *36216 Parts and supplies for motors, generators, and motor—generator sets, except for land

transportation equipment

* 36220 General industry power circuit devices and

controls 36231 Arc welding machines, components, and

accessories, except electrodes 36232 Arc welding electrodes, metal 36233 Resistance welders, components, accessories, and electrodes

* 36240 Carbon and graphite products

*36291 Capacitors for industrial use (except for electronic applications) 36292 Rectifying apparatus

*363 10 Household cooking equipment

*36331 Household mechanical washing machines,

dryers, and washer-dryer combinations

36332 Other household laundry equipment and

parts *36341 Electric fans, except industrial type *36344 Parts and attachments for small household

electrical appliances *36350 Household vacuum cleaners, including parts and attachments *36360 Sewing machines and parts, excluding cases and cabinets sold separately *36393 Other household appliances and parts *36410 Electric lamps (bulbs only) including sealed beam lamps

36424 Vehicular lighting equipment, electric 36426 Other lighting equipment, parts and accessories, electric and non-electric (incl. hand

portable equipment)

* 36430 Current carrying wiring devices 36442 Electrical conduit and conduit fittings *36511 Household and automobile radios, and radio phonograph combinations

* 365 1 2 Household television receivers, including

television combinations

*365 14 Other audio equipment and accessories *36515

*36610 Telephone and telegraph apparatus

*36621 Electronic communications equipment, ex- & 7 cept telephone *36622 Radio and TV broadcast equipment and closed

circuit systems *36623 Intercommunication equipment (except tele- phone and telegraph) and electric alarm and signal systems and devices *36624 Electronic Navigational aids & 8 *36625 Electronic search and detection apparatus

(include radar, infrared and sonar) 36626 Electronic Military, industrial, and commercial equipment, N.E.C.

36629 Microwave and mobile telephone communication equipment

*36792 Capacitors for electronic applications *36793 Resistors for electronic applications

* 36794 Coils, transformers, reactors and chokes

for electronic applications *36795 Other electronic components and accessories N.E.C.

*36930 X-ray apparatus and tubes 36941 Ignition harness and cable sets 36942 Battery charging generators and other complete electrical equipment for internal combustion engines 36943 Cranking motors

36944 Spark plugs

* 36946 Engine electrical equipment components and

parts 36990 Electrical equipment, N.E.C.

37 Transportation equipment

*37 111 Passengers cars, knocked down or assembled *37112 Trucks, truck tractors and truck chassis *37113 Buses (except trolley buses), and fire depart- ment vehicles *37140 Parts and Accessories for motor vehicles

* 37 150 Truck trailers 37212 Complete aircraft, personal, utility and com- & 3 mercial 37222 Aircraft engines, non-military 37224 Aircraft engine parts and accessories 37230 Aircraft propellers and parts 37291 Aircraft parts and accessories, N.E.C.

37321 Inboard and outboard motor boats & 2 37323 All other Boats (sailboats, rowboats, canoes,

etc.) 37510 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts (imports

only) 37910 Trailer coaches, housing type 37992 Other transportation equipment

38 Instruments and related products
APPENDIX A 89

SIC Product description SIC Product description

*38111 Aeronautical nautical and navigational in- struments and automatic pilots *381 12 Laboratory and scientific instruments *381 13 Surveying and drafting instruments and

laboratory furniture *38211 Aircraft engine instruments, except flight *38214 Motor vehicle instruments, except electric *38216 Other mechanical measuring and controlling instruments

*38220 Automatic temperature controls and industrial & process instruments 38213

*38311 Optical instruments and lenses *38410 Surgical and medical instruments and ap- paratus

*Denotes import category surveyed
Appendix B

STATISTICAL TABLES

Page

Table 1. U.S. Merchandise Trade Balance and Balance

of Payments 91

Table 2. U.S. Exports and Imports of Selected Categories

of Merchandise 92

Table 3. U.S. Exports of Selected Categories

of Merchandise 93

Table 4. U.S. Exports of Merchandise by Country 94

Table 5. Total U.S. Exports and Exports Financed by

Military and Economic Aid 94

Table 6. U.S. General Imports of Merchandise 95

Table 7. U.S. General Imports of Selected Categories of Manufactured Goods 95

Table 8. U.S. General Imports of Merchandise by

Country or Area of Origin 96

Table 9. U.S. Foreign Trade Balance for Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products 97

Table 10. U.S. Export Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products 97

Table 11. U.S. Import Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products 99

Table 12. U.S. Exports of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Product Classes 101

Table 13. U.S. Imports of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Product Classes 149

90
APPENDIX B 91

Table 1. U.S. Merchandise Trade Balance and Balance of

Payments (Liquidity Basis), 1950-69, in Billions of Dollars

(— Indicates Deficit)

Balance of payments

1950. 1951.

1952. 1953.

1954.

1955. 1956.

1957.

1958. 1959.

1960.

1961.

1962.

1963.

1964.

1965.

1966. 1967. 1968.

1969.

-3.5

-0.0' -1.2

-2.2

-1.5

-1.2

-1.0 0.6

-3.4

-3.9

-3.9 -2.4

-2.2

-2.7 -2.8

-1.3 -1.4

-3.5 0.2

-7.0

1 Deficit of $8 million.

Source: 1970 Economic Report of the President, pp. 276-7; Survey of Current Business March 1970, p. 27.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

o

,03 O

i_ B -a

S3 C £

*

2? «

S o

>u -o

o

. o

(L) ~0

X) c

— 0O w> fS

!/-> NO I— ^ ^ 0\ N O

Ov in —

no so r— oo on

ra Tt oo no ©

%t (<1 M«J O

f t v~, * t» * o >tf tn ti in ^ ^3

r- o\ O

m m

O no r- ^ m

^- ^ ^ in

O n ^ O NO NO 00

NO 00 r*l v>

fS (N fl Tt" NO

Tt (N 00 0O 0O

ON ON Tj- 00 m ci r*i m tJOn O

Tf •<t' U-l

u") t~- <N NO

r**l f*l Tj"

>/-) fs r— no tt in •* * t

O - (N ^ in NO 00 On nOnOnOnOnO \OnOnOnOnO

On On On On On On On On On On

u

a a

.5 o.

B

."2 cd CT3 d £

o3 u

c c

E S a' ^

.5 3 *>c — — <J

03 03 cj 0 O 3 H H O
APPENDIX B 93

Table 3. U.S. Exports of Selected Categories of Domestic

Merchandise, for Selected Years

(In Billions of Dollars)

1lyou qah 1 OAS 11 Q£S yOo 1 QfiQ

Food and live animals 2.7 4.0 3.9 3.7 Beverages and tobacco 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.6 Mineral fuels and related materials 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

.3 .5 0.3 0.3

1.8 2.4 3.3 3.4 Machinery:

3.4 5.3 6.6 7.2

Electrical 1.1 1.7 2.3 2.7 Transport Equipment 2.5 3.2 5.6 6.5 Other manufactured goods 3.8 4.9 6.1 7.0 Other transactions 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.2

AH Products 20.4 27.2 34.2 37.4

Source: 1969 Statistical Abstract of the United States, pp. 799-800; Survey of Current

Business, July 1970.

Note: Total exports of silver ore and bullion included through 1965. Includes exports of

certain military goods.
94 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 4. U.S. Exports (Including Reexports) of Merchandise, by

Country or Area of Destination, for Selected Years

(In Billions of Dollars)

Total

1960 1965 1968 1969

20.6 27.5 34.6 38.0

Developed Countries 1 13.2 18.4 23.6 26.4 Developing Countries 1 7.1 9.0 10.8 11.3 f^nmmunist Areas in Purone anH Asia .2 . 1 .2 .2 7.7 9.9 13.4 14.7 3.8 5.6 8.1 9.1 7.2 9.2 11.2 12.4 European Economic Community 4.0 5.2 6.1 7.0 European Free Trade Association 2.5 2.8 3.9 4.0

Eastern Europe .2 .1 .2 .2 Asia 4.2 6.0 7.6 8.3

1.4 2.1 3.0 3.5

Australia and Oceania .5 1.0 1.0 1.0

Africa .8 1.2 1.3 1.4

1 Developed countries include Canada, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the Republic of South Africa; developing countries include rest of world excluding Communist areas in Europe and Asia.

Source: 1969 Statistical Abstract of the United States, pp. 808-811; FT 990, Highlights of

U.S. Export and Import Trade, December 1969, pp. 22-23.

Table 5. Total U.S. Exports and Exports Financed by Military and

Economic Aid (Grants and Loans)

(In Billions of Dollars)

1960 1965 1968 1969

20.6 27.5 34.7 38.0

Exports financed under Foreign Assistance Act and

Public Law 480 1 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.7

Exports financed under foreign assistance programs as a percent of total exports 13 12 8 7

Public Law 480 is concerned with agricultural aid.

Source: 7969 Statistical Abstract of the United States, p. 796; Overseas Business Reports, June 1970, p. 10.
APPENDIX B 95

Table 6. U.S. General Imports of Merchandise, for Selected Years

(In Billions of Dollars)

1960 1965 1968 1969

Food and live animals 3.0 3.5 4.6 4.5

Beverages and tobacco 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.5

1.6 2.2 2.5 2.8 Animal and vegetable oils and fats 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2

Chemicals .8 .8 1.1 1.2 Machinery and transport equipment 1.5 2.9 8.0 9.8 Other manufactured goods 4.6 7.5 11.5 12.0 Other 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.3

Total i 15.1 21.4 33.2 36.0

1 Because of rounding, totals may not equal sum of itemized entries.

Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1969, pp. 801-2; U.S. Department of Commerce, Highlights of U.S. Export and Import Trade, FT 990, December 1969, pp. 76-78.

Table 7. U.S. General Imports of Selected Categories of

Manufactured Goods, for Selected Years

(In Billions of Dollars)

1960 1965 1968 1969

Automobiles and parts 0.6 0.8 3.7 4.6

Iron and steel .5 1.2 2.0 1.8

Electrical machinery .3 0.6 1.5 1.9 Nonelectric machinery .4 1.2 2.3 2.5 Nonferrous base metals .8 1.2 2.0 1.5

Source: 1969 Statistical Abstract of the United States, pp. 801-2; Survey of Current Business, July 1970, p. S-23.
96 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 8. U.S. Genera! imports of Merchandise, by Country or Area of Origin, for Selected Years

(In Billions of Dollars)

Total

1960 1965 1968 1969

14.6 21 .4 33.2 36.0

Developed Countries 1 8.6 14.

1

24.

1

26.5 Developing Countries 1 6.0 7.1 8.9 9.4 Communist Areas in Europe and Asia 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 Western Hemisphere 6.9 9.2 14.1 15.6 2.9 4.8 9.0 10.4 Western Europe 4.2 6.2 10.1 10.1 European Economic Community 2.3 3.3 5.9 5.8 European Free Trade Association 1.6 2.3 3.5 3.6

Eastern Europe 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2

Asia 2.7 4.5 6.9 8.3 Japan 1.1 2.4 4.0 4.9

Australia and Oceania 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8

Africa .5 .9 1.1 1.0

1 Developed countries include Canada, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and

the Republic of South Africa. Developing countries include the rest of the world except Communist areas in Eastern Europe and Asia.

Source: 7969 Statistical Abstract of the United States, pp. 808-811; FT 990, Highlights of

U.S. Export and Import Trade, December 1969, pp. 26-7.
APPENDIX B 97

Table 9. U.S. Foreign Trade Balance for Measurement

Standard Sensitive Products, 1965-69

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

7,878.2 7,356.5 7,376.6 6,680.7 6,822.0

Canada 2,362.2 2,140.7 2,171.9 2,124.3 1,850.5 EEC 302.4 (69.5) 284.0 118.3 490.3

1i fsA 0*+.*+A 11 70ly.oR 1 ~\A 9. 1 1f, A Japan (478.3) (319.3) (129.3) (227.8) (61.5) All other 5,527.5 5,424.8 4,915.2 4,641.9 4,416.3 24 Lumber and wood products. . . . (62.5) (83.4) (29.6) (65.7) (52.5) 30 Rubber and plastic products. . .

23.4 23.3 19.5 18.6 13.6 33 Primary metal products 531.9 260.1 284.6 209.8 355.1 34 Fabricated metal products 425.2 416.5 432.8 509.1 404.8 35 Machinery, except electrical 4,422.8 3,897.8 3,947.5 3,795.8 3,842.4 36 Electrical machinery 1,101.9 1,011.9 1,011.1 846.6 863.8 37 Transportation equipment 972.7 1,419.5 1,280.4 980.1 1,066.8 38 Instruments and related products 462.8 410.8 430.3 386.4 328.0

( ) deficit.

Table 10. U.S. Export Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products, 1965-69

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

All products 13,922.7 12,629.1 11,308.8 10,401.7 9.465.1

Canada 3,027.5 2,700.5 2,589.0 2,479.0 2,103.9 EEC 2,581.3 2,149.7 1,931.1 1,677.5 1,563.0 United Kingdom 840.1 781.9 681.4 573.5 534.9 Japan 883.2 712.9 559.3 464.7 434.1 All other 6,590.6 6,284.1 5,548.0 5,207.0 4,829.2

24 Lumber and wood products .... 271.5 215.7 179.6 158.7 143.9

Canada 69.7 56.8 55.9 54.2 49.6 EEC 61.6 47.5 36.4 37.9 35.7

6.5 5.3 6.8 6.9 5.0 66.9 49.8 31.3 13.4 8.5 All other 66.8 56.3 49.2 46.3 45.1
98 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 10. U.S. Export Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products, 1965—69—Continued

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

30 Rubber and plastic products. . .

.

23.4 23.3 19.5 18.6 13.6

5.9 6.1 5.8 4.3 3.6 EEC 7.8 6.4 4.7 6.8 4.1 United Kingdom. 2.0 2.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 Japan 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.2

All other 6.5 7.0 6.1 5.4 4.0

33 Primary metal products 663.6 437.3 424.0 416.2 460.8

217.2 147.6 154.0 153.5 165.0 EEC 88.1 30.0 29.1 34.1 30.6 United Kingdom 17.5 11.7 15.6 14.2 14.2 Japan 11.8 6.0 6.0 4.5 4.2

All other 329.0 242.0 219.3 209.9 246.8

34 Fabricated metal products 695.9 643.2 617.0 658.7 525.3

Canada 176.7 166.7 162.7 169.7 134.9 EEC 84.0 76.6 72.0 71.6 62.7 United Kingdom 33.1 29.4 26.8 24.8 22.9

63.4 36.9 19.0 24.9 20.9

All other 338.7 333.6 336.5 367.7 283.9

35 Machinery, except electrical 6,282.6 5,491.9 5,262.5 4,907.1 4,625.8

Canada 1,582.7 1,395.5 1,440.5 1,424.5 1,255.9 EEC 1,098.0 866.1 803.5 723.2 668.4 United Kingdom 388.3 347.2 350.5 298.7 289.8 Japan 376.2 321.0 258.5 178.7 184.5

All other 2,837.4 2.562.1 2,409.5 2,282.0 2,227.2

36 Electrical machinery 2,301.9 1,996.6 1,777.5 1,546.2 1,330.4

Canada 526.8 434.6 412.6 387.9 294.7 EEC 445.2 344.5 346.0 297.4 293.3 United Kingdom 238.1 204.6 139.7 128.8 108.1 Japan 117.4 96.9 87.1 58.6 50.9

All other 974.4 916.0 792.1 673.5 583.4

37 Transportation equipment 3,044.1 3,257.0 2,472.0 2,200.5 1,946.0

Canada 293.2 358.7 231.9 167.6 102.0 EEC 657.4 655.1 504.3 384.1 363.5 United Kingdom 101.0 128.3 84.9 55.1 54.6 Japan 189.8 159.3 116.2 146.7 137.7

All other 1,802.7 1,955.6 1,534.7 1,447.0 1,288.2
APPENDIX B 99

Table 10. U.S. Export Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products, 1965-69—Continued

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

38 Instruments and related products 639.7 564.1 556.7 495.7 419.3

Canada 155.3 134.5 125.6 117.3 98.2 EEC 139.2 123.5 135.1 122.4 104.7 United Kingdom 53.6 52.5 55.0 43.3 38.6 Japan 56.5 42.1 40.4 37.5 27.2

All other 235.1 211.5 200.6 175.2 150.6

Table 11. U.S. Import Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products, 1965-69

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

All products 6,044.5 5,272.6 3,932.2 3,721.0 2,643.1

Canada 665.3 559.8 417.1 354.7 253.4 EEC 2,278.9 2,219.2 1,647.1 1,559.2 1,072.7 United Kingdom 675.7 602.1 546.6 549.5 408.5 Japan 1,361.5 1,032.2 688.6 692.5 495.6

All other 1,063.1 859.3 632.8 565.1 412.9

24 Wood and lumber products 334.0 299.1 209.2 224.4 196.4

Canada 39.4 41.4 38.2 42.4 41.8 EEC 4.9 4.3 3.6 3.0 2.9 United Kingdom 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 72.4 73.5 49.1 57.1 51.4 All other 216.9 179.4 118.1 121.6 100.1

33 Primary metal products 131.7 177.2 139.4 206.4 105.7

Canada 26.4 44.1 30.9 35.0 11.5 EEC 50.2 70.7 67.6 104.9 57.9 United Kingdom 4.0 8.8 8.1 13.3 5.4 Japan 30.9 25.6 14.6 29.8 16.4 All other 20.2 28.0 18.2 23.4 14.5
100 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 11. U.S. Import Summary of Measurement-Standard

Sensitive Products, 1965-69—Continued

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

34 Fabricated metal products 270.7 226.7 184.2 149.6 120.5

Canada 51.4 40.5 23.8 20.1 13.4 EEC 61.5 55.1 53.3 40.5 34.9 United Kingdom 16.4 16.2 12.5 11.0 9.4 Japan 102.2 85.0 74.1 62.0 50.2

All other 39.2 29.9 20.5 16.0 12.6

35 Machinery, except electrical 1,859.8 1,594.1 1,315.0 1,1 1 1.3 783.4

Canada 276.7 194.0 171.6 143.6 103.6 EEC 727.1 685.9 560.6 478.7 341.4 United Kingdom 264.9 243.3 233.5 222.6 162.6 Japan 298.0 227.4 139.2 90.3 49.5

All other 293.1 243.5 210.1 176.1 126.3

36 Electrical machinery 1,200.0 984.7 766.4 699.6 466.6

Canada 220.2 195.0 131.1 102.6 62.0 EEC 233.2 209.2 193.6 157.0 104.7 United Kingdom 118.7 103.7 95.6 97.2 73.4 Japan 282.8 242.1 195.5 208.5 147.0

All other 345.1 234.7 150.6 134.3 79.5

37 Transportation equipment 2,071.4 1,837.5 1,191.6 1,220.4 879.2

Canada 34.2 30.8 13.5 6.5 12.4 EEC 1,149.3 1,249.0 729.3 740.3 502.1 United Kingdom 256.8 217.5 184.6 194.9 149.4 Japan 502.7 314.8 165.9 198.7 146.3 All other 128.4 125.4 98.3 80.0 69.0

38 Instruments and relateo products 176.9 153.3 126.4 109.3 91.3

Canada 17.0 14.0 8.0 4.5 8.7 EEC 52.7 45.0 39.1 34.8 28.8 United Kingdom 14.5 11.9 12.1 10.2 8.1 Japan 72.5 63.8 50.2 46.1 34.8

All other 20.2 18.6 17.0 13.7 10.9
APPENDIX B 101

Table 12. U.S. Exports of Measurement-Standard Sensitive

Product Classes, 1965-69

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966

24210 Sawmill and planing mill products, n.e.c

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom.

Japan

All other

24261 Hardwood flooring.

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom.

Japan

All other

24262 Hardwood dimension stock.

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom.

Japan

All other

243111 24312)

Wood windows and sash

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom.

Japan

All other

243 14\

24315/

Wood doors

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom.

Japan

All other

207.3

42.2

50.6

3.3 65.9

45.3

1.8

1.1

(')

(>)

0.5 0.2

3.7

1.1 0.4

0.8

0.2

1.2

1.6

1.4

C

1 )

0.2

2.6

0.8

C

1 )

V)

1.8

172.9

37.8 41.0

3.3 49.3 41.5

1.6

1.2 0)

0.1

C

1 )0.3

3.8

0.9 0.4

0.8 0.2

1.5

1.8

1.5

(') P)

(')

0.3

2.5

0.9

0.1

(')

(')

1.5

141.7

39.8

31.8

3.3 30.6

36.2

1.6

1.2 0)

0.2

C

1)0.2

4.6

1.0

0.5

1.1

0.1

1.9

1.7

1.5

(!)na

0)

0.2

2.4

0.9

0.1

(')

(')

1.4

126.5

39.8

33.3

3.4 12.8 37.2

1.

1.2

(')

0.1

0.5

4.4

0.9

0.6

1.0 0.2

1.7

1.5

1.3

na

(')0.2

2.0

0.8

(')

(') 0)

1.2
102 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

243131 24317 > Millwork products, n.e.c 3.3 2.9 2.1 1.3 1.5 24318

u. / u.o u.o U.4 u.o

\ ) \

)

y ) <Tl

\

)

I Tnif^/H It inrrnArvi

\ ) (Vi

K ) \ ) v)

\ > K

)

\ ) \ ) ( ) All other 2.6 2.3 1.5 0.9 0.9

24320 Veneer and plywood 42.4 23.2 19.0 15.8 14.7

1 A 1 10.

1

Q 7 7 1 /.I per A Q Zr.O 7 7 J.J

T TnifpH Tc inoHnm 1 n £.\J 1 o n 7 0V.J^ VJ.U All other 14.4 7.3 6.5 3.5 4.1

24992 Pallets and skids 2.9 2.5 2.5 1.9 1.3

Canada 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.0 EEC 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 United Kingdom (

J ) (!) 0.1 (') 0)

0) C

1 ) 0)

All other 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1

24993 Particleboard 2.2 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.1

Canada 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 EEC (!) (') (!) — (!) United Kingdom — — (') na — — — — na

All other 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 —

24996 Hard pressed wood fiberboard . . 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.3 2.5

Canada 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 EEC 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

(!) (!) 0.1 (') All other 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 103

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

Pfnni iff1 /'i£*C(-1 nuuuti t*ir^f"i/""*r'i ucsci ipiioii 11 Q6Q 7D7 1 700 1 QA7 11 Q«f> 7UD

30793 16.0 16.0 12.7 13.2 9.6

7 7 ~Kj fl .yj 1 Q 1.8 7 fl A fl 3.6

I Tnitprl K^inoHnm 1.8 2.7 1.9 1 .5 1.6

la nan 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.1 All other 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.2 2.5

30795 Industrial plastic products 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5

fl 1 fl 7 fl 7 flV/. J fl ^ per fl 7 fl 1 yj. 1 fl 7 0.1 0.1

1 TnifpH K inoHnm fl 1 V ) y ) V > \ ) la Y\'AT\ V ) fl"! V ) \ ) V I V ) All other 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

30796 Construction plastic products. .

6.6 6.7 6.3 4.8 3.5

Canada 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.1 1.5 EEC 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

U.l u.z u.z U.Z U.l Japan. . .

0.1 0.1 (') 0.1 0.1 All other 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.4

33123 Hot-rolled sheet and strip 182.6 113.4 112.7 100.4 129.5

Canada 24.5 18.4 19.1 20.9 29.2 EEC 48.9 9.5 6.6 9.2 7.6 United Kingdom 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.7 Japan 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 All other 108.0 84.2 85.3 68.4 90.8

33124 Hot-rolled plate, structural shapes and bars 117.4 57.5 56.2 64.2 95.7

Canada 59.2 25.8 27.6 34.8 51.7 EEC 8.1 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.6 United Kingdom 3.8 1.6 2.8 1.5 1.2 Japan 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.0 All other 45.7 28.1 23.8 25.8 39.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other),
104 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

122.0 108.2 101.6 109.4 93.5

37.7 30.0 28.9 30.7 24.6

3.1 2.5 4.3 4.8 4.0

1.7 2.8 4.5 5.2 6.2

5.6 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.7 73.9 72.0 62.9 67.2 58.0

103.0 46.7 46.9 46.5 59.9

26.2 14.3 18.1 17.7 18.7

13.1 4.5 6.4 5.9 7.7 4.8 1.9 3.4 2.8 2.2

0.8 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 <e 1 Jo, 1

1 ft 1 1 O.J 1Q Q

ji.y)

15.1 11.9 9.5 6.9 8.6

7.9 6.0 4.7 2.9 2.7 n ft U.o u.o U.o u.o u.o

0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

0.6 0.6 0.3 (') 0.1 5.5 4.4 3.7 3.1 4.8

23.9 16.0 18.8 17.5 21.5

8.2 4.1 4.8 4.6 9.1 4.6 3.3 2.1 2.8 2.0

0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6

9.8 7.4 10.7 9.1 8.8

82.2 68.4 62.6 56.3 41.3

49.9 45.4 46.1 36.7 27.0

7.7 6.3 5.3 8.0 5.3 4.4 2.7 2.0 1.1 1.3 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.0

17.3 12.1 7.3 9.0 6.7

SIC Product description

33126) 0 ,

, . 33176 I pipC a 6

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

33127] Cold-rolled steel sheets and

33167/ strip

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

ttI^oI Cold finished bars and shapes.

JjlOoJ

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

33512 Copper mill shapes

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

33522 Aluminum plate and shapes. .

.

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

1 Less than S0.05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 105

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

17.4 15.2 15.7 15.0 10.8

3.6 3.6 4.7 5.2 2.0

1.8 1.7 2.2 1.0 0.6

0.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.4

0.5 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 10.7 O 1 7.3 1 c

I.J n c

/.->

81.8 73.3 72.2 69.5 61.7

22.5 18.7 18.6 19.9 17.9

14.2 12.1 10.4 9.3 8.6

3.9 5.2 4.2 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.1 38.6 35.2 37.1 35.9 31.6

12.7 11.3 11.0 9.9 8.2

4.2 4.4 4.5 3.7 3.0

1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.5

0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

0.1 (') 0) V) 0.1 7.0 5.8 5.7 5.6 4.5

3.2 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.3

2.1 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5

(') 0) 0) 0)

0.6 0.1 0.2 0) (') 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

2.6 2.7 2.3 1.5 1.5

1.7 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0) (') 0.1 (') 0)

(') 0.2 0.1 o (') 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

SIC Product description

33524]

Aluminum bars> r°ds, struc33525 1 tura' s^aPes> r°Ued or

J extruded

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

342311 „ , ,.„,,> Hand tools, n.e.c 34233 J Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

34320 Plumbing fixture fittings and

trim (brass goods)

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

34332 Warm air furnaces

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

34333 Cast iron heating boilers, radiators, and convectors,

(except parts)

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
106 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

34331 1 Oil burners & other equipment

34336 j and paits, n.e.c 39.3 37.0 32.8 40.2 35.9

11.6 10.4 10.2 12.5 10.3 EEC 9.1 8.0 6.3 9.0 7.9

T InitfH KinoHom 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.3 Japan 4.0 4.5 3.3 2.5 1.9

All nthpr 1 3 n 1 1 111./ 1 7 It. J

34335 Steel heating boilers 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

Canada 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 EEC C

1 ) 0) — 0) United Kingdom — (

l ) na 0) na

Japan (') (') 0) 0)

All other 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1

34334 Domestic heating stoves, exc.

elec 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 3.0

Canada 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 EEC 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 United Kingdom (') 0.1 V) 0) 0.1 Japan 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.8 All other 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5

34410 Fabricated structural iron and steel 48.0 25.9 35.7 67.8 42.6

Canada 2.6 2.7 2.1 4.5 2.2 EEC 1.6 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.2 United Kingdom 7.1 0.3 1.1 0.5 1.7 Japan 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.6

All 36.5 20.1 30.0 60.5 35.9

34420 Metal doors, sash, frames, molding and trim 11.2 10.7 10.6 11.2 9.3

Canada 2.0 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.7 EEC 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 United Kingdom 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 Japan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

8.6 6.8 6.8 7.3 5.7

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 107

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

34492 Prefabricated and portable metal buildings and parts 15.5 12.0 10.2 7.9 7.8

Canada 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 EEC 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 United Kingdom (') 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Japan 0.1 0.2 0.1 (i) 0.1 AH other 13.1 9.7 8.5 6.6 6.6

34493 Miscellaneous metal building

materials and curtain wall .... 22.7 22.8 23.7 23.4 18.0

Canada 7.6 6.2 6.8 8.0 5.5 EEC 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 C

1) United Kingdom 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.7 Japan 0.1 V / 0.1 0.1 0.2 All other 12.8 14.8 15.2 14.0 10.6

Heat exchangers and steam

34431 condensers, steel power

34433 boilers, parts and attach-

; ments (over 15 PSI) 122.5 122.1 114.4 136.0 93.6

Canada 8.7 10.2 7.9 10.2 8.2 EEC 8.2 8.3 8.4 14.0 1 1.9 United Kingdom 1.8 3.6 2.2 3.0 2.0 Japan 37.1 16.3 3.8 13.1 8.0

All other 66.7 83.7 92.1 95.7 63.5

34432 Fabricated steel plate, includ- ing stacks and weldments 6.2 5.3 6.5 5.2 4.7

Canada 2.6 2.5 3.4 2.1 1.5 EEC 0.6 0.8 1.7 0.4 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 (') V / 0.1 Japan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ( r) All other 2.9 1.8 1.3 2.6 2.9

34434 Gas cylinders 8.7 8.4 9.4 9.9 10.4

Canada 3.1 2.3 2.8 3.1 4.0 EEC 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 United Kingdom 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 Japan 0.4 0.3 0.2 (') 0.1 All other 4.5 4.4 5.1 6.0 5.6

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
108 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966

34435] 34437 > Metal tanks 34439

j

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All othei

34440 Sheet metal products

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

34521 Industrial fasteners (bolts and

nuts)

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

Metal shipping barrels, drums, kegs, pails and

collapsible tubes

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

34941 Automatic regulating and

control valves

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

3491 3496

21.8

2.7

3.9

0.9

0.3

14.0

9.7

3.0

0.3 0.2 0.4

5.8

68.4

43.1

7.8

3.4

1.7 12.4

3.9

1.2 0.6

0.1

(')2.0

122.9

26.2

19.6

7.8 10.0

59.3

25.2

3.8 2.3 0.7 0.9

17.5

10.2

2.3 0.2 0)

0.1 7.6

63.4

36.2

8.6

3.7

1.0 13.9

2.6

0.9

0.5

0.1 0)

1.1

124.7

21.2

2.6

1.8 0.5 2.0

14.3

7.9

2.4 0.2

0.1 0.2

5.0

55.8

32.5

7.3

3.3 0.8

11.9

3.9

1.3 0.6

0.1 0)

1.9

115.5

28.0

6.6 0.8

1.6 0.7

18.3

8.7

1.7 0.2

0.1 0)

6.7

49.3

31.6

4.0

2.8 0.4

10.5

5.8

1.6 0.7

0.1 ()

3.4

105.1

29.8

17.4

7.7 6.7 63.1

31.7

18.6

6.3 3.4 55.5

30.5

15.8 6.0

4.1 48.7

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

34943 Plumbing and heating valves except plumbers' brass goods . 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 2.8

Canada 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.1 EEC 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 All other 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.0

Other metal valves, except plumbers' brass goods 15.1 12.7 10.9 10.3 8.3

Canada 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 3.6 EEC 4.2 3.4 2.3 2.6 1.7 United Kingdom 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.8 Japan 2.7 1 .4 0.9 0.5 0.4 All other 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.8 1 .8

j4y4j 1AQA ^ Metal fittings and unions for 34946J pipe systems 73.3 64.5 64.3 60.2 52.6

Canada 23.0 21.3 21.7 20.0 16.8 EEC 8.3 7.1 7.3 8.8 6.2 United Kingdom 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.2 Japan 2.3 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.7 All other 36.2 30.2 30.0 27.1 25.7

35191 Gasoline engines except out-

' DUdlU auClall allU aULU 35192

motive engines 57.9 46.6 43.1 45.6 40.6

15.2 13.6 13.5 13.5 10.0 EEC 6.6 4.4 4.3 4.7 2.9

~> 1 7 i 11 8o

U.J U.J yj.j 55

All r\tVi^r ?S 7 ?? 7 75- - . 0*' 1 Q 4

35193 Diesel and semidiesel engines except automotive 89.8 87.8 84.0 78.6 82.9

Canada 28.7 18.1 19.3 22.5 19.4 EEC 11.7 13.0 11.6 10.9 11.6 United Kingdom 5.5 6.3 4.2 3.5 2.9

5.1 3.4 3.7 2.0 2.1 All other 38.8 47.0 45.2 39.7 46.9

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
110 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35194 Diesel and semidiesel engines

a i itnmnt i vf 24.7 22.5 16.8 16.2 20.7

Canada 11.7 7.7 5.4 6.5 4.2 EEC 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.1 2.0 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.4 Japan 0) 0.1 (>) (') All other 9.9 11.4 8.0 7.3 13.1

35195 Outboard motors 23.1 23.2 19.6 23.7 17.8

Canada 0.1 0.2 2.6 3.4 2.4 EEC 4.2 4.5 4.1 5.1 4.0 United Kingdom 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 Japan 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.6

All other 16.8 16.4 11.6 14.3 10.4

35196 Gas engines, except gas turbines. 1.4 1.5 3.9 1.3 1.0

Canada 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 EEC 0) (!) (') 0) United Kingdom (') — 0.2 — V) — 0) — — C

1 ) All other 0.6 0.9 2.4 1.0 0.5

35197 Internal combustion engines,

1.8 2.1 2.3 3.0 3.6

Canada 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 EEC 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 United Kingdom (') 0.1 0.1 (') (')

(') (') 0) (') (') All other 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.4

35199 Parts and accessories, n.e.c. for

internal combustion engines.

.

213.1 193.3 182.8 162.3 233.6

Canada 55.1 52.0 55.1 49.0 81.5 EEC 34.3 24.0 18.9 18.6 23.1 United Kingdom 3.6 3.4 4.1 3.0 7.2 Japan 2.7 2.1 2.7 2.0 2.1 All other 117.4 111.8 102.0 89.7 119.7

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 111

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35221 Wheel tractors, excluding

garden tractors and parts, 103.3 115.5 137.0 134.5 137.6

Canada 50.8 70.8 96.0 102.6 83.9 EEC 5.2 2.0 2.6 3.6 4.5 United Kingdom C

1 ) 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.9 Japan 0) 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6

All other 47.3 41.9 37.9 27.4 47.7

35223 Planting, seeding, and fertilizing part machinery, except parts 13.7 16.0 15.7 13.5 12.8

Canada 10.2 12.2 9.4 10.2 9.4 EEC 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 (') 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.1 0) 0.1 (') 0.1 All other 2.9 3.5 6.0 3.0 3.0

35224 Plows, listers, harrows, pulver- part izers and stalkcutters 14.7 18.2 21.7 19.6 19.5

Canada 7.2 10.5 14.5 13.0 11.2 EEC 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan (') C

1 ) 0.1 0) (') All other 7.0 7.2 6.7 6.1 8.0

35225 Harvesting machinery, excl. part parts 49.5 52.8 70.3 73.2 71.8

Canada 30.0 28.2 45.7 53.0 42.6 EEC 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 All other 17.0 22.9 22.0 17.9 26.6

35226 Haying machinery and mowers,

except lawn mowers and parts

14.9 17.0 21.2 20.3 18.5

Canada 10.1 11.9 16.2 14.4 12.9 EEC 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 United Kingdom 0) (') 0.1 0.3 0.1 Japan 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 All other 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.8 4.9

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
112 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35227 Lawn mowers, excluding parts. . 9.4 9.9 10.2 9.1 7.7

i n ~> ^ z.o 1 Q cpr 7. Q A ") j. i 1 A nU.Z.7 U.'f ft t u.z ft 1 V.L

C\ 1 \ ) i. ) til

\ ) All other 2.2 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.3

J JZZo Other farm machinery ecjuip- 35229 ment and parts 224.2 192.7 181.9 184.9 172.4

Q7 A yo.o OA ft yO.o ft 1 ^ 81 .0 pep jQ.y 77 1 2 /. 1 7fi < 2U. J 71 7 23. / 7 1 A 21 .0

1 1 7 in ^ 1U. J in ft 1U.0 117 17 7 A A 3.4 7. A 7 ^ Z.J 7 A i i 1 .

1

All other 61.8 54.3 51.5 48.8 51.0

35311 Contractors' off-highway wheel tractors 62.4 48.9 44.5 49.9 53.8

O.o < Q j.y A 7 0. / Q 7 in a 1U.4 O.U A £ 4.0 J.O 0.

1

"X 7 3.2 n 7 u. / 7 7 1 c

1 .3 1 fs 1 .0 Japan 3.8 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.4

All nthpr A") f% %fi JD. 11

35312 Tracklaying type tractors 240.5 225.2 176.8 193.9 208.7

42.0 35.

2

J J.

5

3o.3 43.2

lo.y 1 o o lo.o 12.4 13.U 7A 7 2U.3

1 Q

1 .0 1 o i .y 7 Q 2.0 i ft 1.0 7 Q 3.y

1 Ci A 1U.4 7 0

/.o Q < y.j A 1 4.

1

1 7 1 .2 All nthpr 1 6ft fx 161 S 1 1lo.U ft 6 1 ~K« 7

35316 Mixers, pavers, and related equipment 15.4 14.2 15.3 17.6 17.7

Canada 2.7 3.0 3.6 4.1 6.1 EEC 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.7 United Kingdom 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 Japan 0.3 1.0 1.8 1.9 0.5 Ail other 11.5 9.6 9.1 10.6 10.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 113

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

t- 1 f

• Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35313 Parts and attachments for track- laying and contractors' off- highway wheel tractors and

shovel- loaders 278.1 252.9 228.4 221.4 213.2

Canada 62.4 51.0 50.9 55.3 47.2 EEC 83.5 66.0 51.5 38.2 35.3 United Kingdom 13.9 16.3 13.8 16.8 16.3 Japan 10.5 8.3 6.8 3.4 2.5 All other 107.8 111.3 105.4 107.7 111.9

35314 Power cranes, draglines, shovels and parts 195.2 165.8 183.6 150.6 142.3

C'anada 48.0 38.3 43.6 40.0 39.3 EEC 21 .2 18.0 17.6 15.5 12.0

I Initftd Kingdom 4.3 9.4 7.9 3.3 3.6 Japan 2.0 1.4 1.7 2.7 1.5 All other 119.7 98.7 112.8 89.1 85.9

35317 Tractor shovel-loaders, except

parts and attachments 162.7 146.8 135.1 130.8 132.2

34.8 24.2 22.7 21.2 19.1 EEC 26.0 23.2 22.1 23.6 29.0 United Kingdom 4.0 6.7 7.1 3.4 5.7 2.3 1.4 2.4 2.4 0.6 All other 95.6 91.3 80.8 80.2 77.8

35318 Scrapers, graders, off-highway

trucks and parts 181.8 182.3 163.7 145.5 144.9

Canada 33.0 32.3 30.6 30.7 30.6 EEC 19.8 14.6 12.1 10.9 13.6 United Kingdom 2.7 1.8 5.3 2.9 1.7 5.8 3.4 2.6 2.2 0.4 All other 120.5 130.2 113.1 98.8 98.6

35319 Other construction machinery and equipment and parts 157.1 138.8 134.6 139.1 142.1

Canada 46.2 42.4 41.8 42.5 40.5 EEC 28.5 14.2 14.9 13.5 15.3 United Kingdom 5.3 6.2 5.3 6.0 6.9 Japan 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.6 All other 73.4 72.7 69.5 74.5 I 76.8

1 Less than SO. 05 million (included in all other).
114 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35321 Underground and mining

machinery and equipment .... 18.7 22.7 17.0 19.1 19.4

Canada 9.3 10.4 6.0 5.2 3.8 EEC 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.2 2.5 United Kingdom 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 Japan 0) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 All other 8.2 11.1 9.2 12.3 12.5

35322 Crushing, pulverizing and

screening plants, stationary

.

17.2 10.5 11.9 10.1 9.3

Canada 3.1 1.8 2.2 2.5 1.3 EEC 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 0) 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.1 0) 0.1 0) 0.1 All other 13.5 8.5 9.2 7.3 7.6

35323 All other mining machinery

and equipment 39.5 26.7 19.1 20.9 18.8

Canada 12.4 8.8 4.1 5.5 4.8 EEC 3.1 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.6 United Kingdom 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 All other 23.2 15.8 11.8 12.6 11.8

35324 Parts and attachments for mining machinery and equipment. 82.7 67.8 60.1 51.9 46.2

17.5 14.0 13.2 13.3 11.5 EEC o.z A 1 j, j 1j. 7/ Z.o United Kingdom 2.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.0 Japan 2.8 2.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 All other 53.8 45.5 41.8 33.0 30.6

35340 Elevators and moving stairways. 11.3 9.2 7.8 8.8 8.3

6.3 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.1 EEC 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 United Kingdom 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

0.1 0.1 0.1 (') 0.3 All other 3.9 4.3 3.2 4.3 3.1

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 115

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35350 Conveying equipment 43.8 36.4 37.4 40.7 36.3

Canada 9.8 9.4 10.5 9.7 7.9 EEC 2.8 2.4 3.1 3.6 3.2 United Kingdom 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.2

1.1 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 All other 29.5 23.0 22.0 26.1 23.3

35361 Hoists 14.8 12.7 14.1 14.7 12.4

Canada 4.3 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.2 EEC 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.0 0.6 United Kingdom 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2

0.6 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.4 All other 8.3 7.5 7.7 8.9 7.0

35362 Overhead traveling cranes and

7.3 4.9 3.8 6.7 5.6

Canada 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.8 0.6 EEC 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.9 United Kingdom / 1\ (*) (

)

v) C

1 ) 0.1 Japan n 1 U.l i l \ (') 0)

All other 4.9 3.4 2.4 4.9 4.0

35370 Industrial trucks and tractors. .

yt>. j IH.Z ii i 05.

65.9

Canada 30.0 22.4 26.8 19.6 23.2

ifi 7 18. /

1 n i 1.0 O.O "7 Q 1.0 United Kingdom 6.8 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 Japan 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 All other 40.5 36.6 34.2 35.7 31.3

35411 Boring machines (metal cutting

machine tools) 11.7 14.4 13.0 12.1 12.0

Canada 2.1 2.5 3.4 3.5 3.1 EEC 2.1 1.8 3.1 1.6 1.3 United Kingdom 0.7 1.4 2.5 1.9 1.4 Japan 3.8 3.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 All other 3.0 5.2 3.6 4.6 5.9

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
116 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

Product description 1 OAQ 1 QA7 1 QAA 1 VOO 1 QA< 1 VDJ

35412 Drilling machines (metal cutting

machine tools) 9.5 6.7 10.8 6.2 8.6

Canada 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5 1.6 EEC 2.4 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 United Kingdom 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.1 Japan 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.2

All other 2.9 2.2 6.0 2.4 4.5

35413 Gear-cutting and finishing

machines 24.4 26.6 23.7 15.8 16.0

Canada 0.4 1.3 2.1 0.9 1.9 EEC 5.5 3.6 5.4 3.4 4.8 United Kingdom 4.1 2.2 2.6 3.4 1.7 Japan 7.2 12.8 7.3 2.8 4.6

All other 7.2 6.7 6.3 5.3 3.0

35414 Grinding and polishing

machines 41.5 28.9 32.0 34.6 37.4

1.5 \ c J.J C 1 5.1 ion Iz.U 1L). 5 EEC 5.3 5.8 7.0 8.6 9.0 United Kingdom 4.1 2.5 3.2 2.7 2.7 Japan 11.1 8.0 3.5 2.1 5.1 All other 13.7 9.1 13.2 9.2 10.1

5 JH J LL.L ICQ 18.

8

1 1 .D 1 O Q Z5. J

Canada 7.1 4.1 5.6 6.3 4.7 EEC 3.2 1.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 United Kingdom 0.8 0.7 1.5 2.1 1.8

1 .9 4.3 1 .9 0.6 3.4 All other 9.2 8.0 9.7 8.0 10.9

35416 Milling machines 13.6 17.9 11.4 8.9 7.5

Canada 3.8 8.1 5.0 2.2 2.0 EEC 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.7 0.7 United Kingdom 2.1 2.4 1.1 0.6 0.4

1.3 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 All other 5.5 4.6 4.1 4.3 3.6

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 117

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

Product description 1 yoy 1 OAS 1 Qfil I 7D / 1 Qf*f\ I yoj

35418 29.5 22.4 42.8 39.5 44.8

Panada 13.4 3.9 7.9 12.0 17.5 EEC 3.1 2.1 4.7 8.1 9.4 United Kingdom 1.4 1.3 17.3 7.1 7.4 Japan 3.3 2.5 0.8 1.6 1.8 All other 8.3 12.6 12.1 10.7 8.7

35419 Rebuilt machine tools and

parts, for metal-cutting

machine tools 48.6 42.6 44.2 2 32.5 2 32.3

Canada 10.9 9.7 12.3 7.9 6.6 EEC 9.3 7.0 8.3 7.8 8.9 United Kingdom 7.4 7.1 8.1 7.5 6.6 Japan 4.3 2.0 2.3 1.2 1.1 All other 16.7 16.8 13.2 8.1 9.1

2 Excludes Rebuilt

35421 Punching, shearing, bending,

and forming machines 23.5 16.1 20.1 21.1 15.7

Canada 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.6 EEC 2.6 2.0 2.3 3.3 2.3 United Kingdom 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.2 1.0 Japan 5.3 1.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 All other 10.1 6.9 10.4 11.4 8.0

35422 Presses, including forging

presses 28.3 33.9 22.5 22.5 26.1

Canada 7.6 5.2 3.8 5.5 5.4 EEC 2.6 7.3 7.0 3.0 3.6 United Kingdom 1.6 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.6 Japan 5.6 9.7 2.7 1.6 2.9 All other 10.9 10.8 8.0 11.0 12.6

35423 Metal-forming machine tools

35485

1 and other metal working

machinery 40.6 32.7 29.0 31.4 33.1

Canada 7.3 5.6 7.9 10.6 7.0 EEC 4.6 5.0 4.2 5.7 5.2 United Kingdom 2.9 4.0 4.0 3.3 3.6 Japan 8.5 6.1 3.0 1.2 3.8 All other 17.3 12.0 9.9 10.6 13.5

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
118 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35424 Parts for metal-forming

machine tools 28.1 2 23.3 25.4 2 20.3 2 14.3

Canada 8.8 6.0 7.8 7.4 4.3 EEC. 6.3 6.1 4.7 4.6 2.5 United Kingdom 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.3 2.5 Japan 0.9 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.9

All other 9.0 6.2 8.7 4.7 4.1

35441 Special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures 21.8 29.9 21.3 26.4 21.6

Canada 11.1 15.0 12.2 12.5 9.0 EEC 1.9 8.2 1.8 3.1 1.8 United Kingdom 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 Japan 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1

All 1.0 C 1 J.J C 1 O.J y.Z y.D

35442 Metal foundry molding boxes and molds 20.0 18.1 18.8 21.4 15.7

Canada 10.9 11.1 11.7 13.2 8.0 EEC 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.0 United Kingdom 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.3 Japan 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 All other 6.2 4.8 5.3 5.7 5.3

35453 Attachments and accessories, N.E.C., for machine tools and

5.6 5.2 5.9 A O 4.8 A A 4.4

Canada 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.6 EEC 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.7 United Kingdom 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7

0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 All other 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.3

35451 Small cutting tools for metal working machinery 28.1 21.9 22.1 22.1 21.4

Canada 7.3 6.7 7.6 7.6 6.7 EEC 5.7 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.4 United Kingdom 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.8 Japan 2.2 1.9 1.4 1.2 0.8 All other 10.4 7.6 7.1 7.9 8.7

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).

2 Excluding Rebuilt.
APPENDIX B 119

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35452 fS 1 A 1 1

A A

Canada 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.1 EEC 2.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 United Kingdom 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 All other 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.4 2.5

35481 Rolling mill machinery 47.0 58.7 58.2 74.6 55.1

Canada 2.9 3.6 3.9 9.4 7.6 EEC 5.9 8.5 4.8 7.5 6.9 United Kingdom 0.3 1.5 2.1 0.3 0.9 Japan 2.3 5.7 4.9 10.8 12.8 All other 35.6 39.4 42.5 46.6 26.9

35482 Power driven hand tools and

paits 57.4 54.8 52.8 52.4 50.2

Canada 21.7 19.3 18.0 18.0 16.3 EEC 9.6 8.6 10.0 10.9 11.2 United Kingdom 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.9 3.4 Japan 3.1 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.3 All other 19.5 21.4 19.6 18.3 18.0

35483 Acetylene welding and cutting

15.1 12.0 11.6 11.7 10.2

Canada 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.5 EEC 2.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.6 United Kingdom 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 Japan 1.8 1.7 1.1 2.2 1.0 All other 7.9 6.3 6.3 4.9 4.4

35484 Automotive maintenance

equipment 8.4 7.5 7.2 6.8 5.8

Canada 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9 EEC 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 United Kingdom 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 Japan 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 All other 3.7 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.3

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
120 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35511 Dairy and milk products plant

machinery and commercial

35512 food plants machinery 23.3 24.3 22.9 21.2 17.8

Canada 6.5 6.9 6.0 7.0 6.7 EEC 3.3 3.7 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.7 Japan 0.7 1.6 1.6 0.7 0.4

All other 11.4 10.8 11.3 10.2 8.1

35513 Other industrial food products

110.8 104.0 101.7 102.8 90.3

Canada 25.2 25.1 18.7 21.5 18.0 EEC 10.3 9.2 10.0 8.9 7.8 United Kingdom 5.5 4.9 5.1 5.2 3.7 Japan 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.1 1.8

All ~- -5 DO. J £1 Q OX j

1 Dj. 1

35521 Textile machinery 71.4 57.3 68.1 77.4 71.4

Canada 12.8 11.0 9.3 18.1 13.7 EEC 11.0 8.7 10.3 14.0 10.5 United Kingdom 3.5 3.7 4.8 3.9 4.6 Japan 2.5 2.6 4.6 1.2 1.7 All other 41.6 31.3 39.1 40.2 40.9

35522 Parte IT dl IN CtllU anrl CtlladlUICIllo flttapVimpntc rtw 1 Ul textile machinery 70.5 60.5 57.1 62.6 56.1

Canada 12.6 12.7 11.8 14.8 12.5 EEC 18.1 11.5 11.2 13.2 10.0 United Kingdom 8.4 6.2 5.4 7.4 7.9 2.6 3.8 2.4 1.4 0.9 All other 28.8 26.3 26.3 25.8 24.8

35530 Woodworking machinery and

59.1 40.0 40.3 39.6 39.3

15.7 8.5 8.8 9.0 8.5 EEC 13.3 9.0 7.8 8.7 7.4 United Kingdom 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.2 Japan 6.3 5.5 6.2 4.6 3.6 All other 22.8 16.3 16.2 16.5 18.6

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 121

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

Paper industries machinery

66.1 75.8 72.7 62.6 66.7

Canada 19.9 20.2 19.4 21.2 19.2 EEC 9.9 7.4 7.3 8.4 9.8 United Kingdom 2.9 3.8 5.8 4.0 3.8 Japan 4.4 2.6 1.8 1.2 2.5 All other 29.0 41.8 38.4 27.8 31.4

A(\ A 4U.4 J9.4 1 A "7 5\). 1 25. / 21 .4

Canada 12.1 7.9 7.8 6.8 4.9 EEC 5.3 3.9 3.0 1.9 1.8 United Kingdom 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 Japan 1.2 2.2 1.2 0.1 0.5 All other 20.6 24.7 18.1 16.4 13.4

35552 Other printing trades machinery

O 1 ^ si.

6 1.6 65.2 59.8 53.3

Canada 20.5 18.4 16.9 16.0 14.2 EEC 17.0 13.6 14.3 12.9 11.7 United Kingdom 7.0 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.8 Japan 2.9 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.0 All other 33.8 27.2 26.0 23.5 20.6

35591 Chemical manufacturing

3.5 5.2 6.1 8.2 7.1

Canada 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.7 EEC 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1

yj. i v ) u.z ( ) v)

All other 2.3 4.1 3.8 6.7 5.1

35592 Foundry machinery and equip- ment, except patterns and

molds 21.3 31.0 28.6 21.5 18.0

Canada 5.7 7.0 5.9 8.3 5.8 EEC 2.5 2.2 4.4 1.7 2.1 United Kingdom 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.2

1.8 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 All other 10.5 18.6 17.3 9.9 8.4

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
122 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

JJJ7J iriasuc- worKing macninery aiiu equipment, except patterns and molds 39.5 30.0 28.1 28.9 27.8

1 A Q 1111 .HA in 9 1ft \ 71.7O

71 .1.9 A 9 j, j

fxo.uft O. .1 9 S 9 ? 9 9 9 S 1 A. J .*T 1.6 2.4 1.7 0.8 1,1 All other 13.3 9.8 o n

0.7 9.3 9.3

35594 Rubber working machinery and

equipment 50.6 43.1 35.9 34.6 42.8

1 1 S 1 1 .J Q 8 7 ft 7 Q O.l J.U s n f%o.un 8 ft O.j J.*f 1J.O8 1 fx 1 .0 9 9 J.O Japan 2.3 2.1 1.4 0.2 0.8

ATI ( L All other 28.0 21.5 17.9 18.0 26.9

35595 Other special industrial machinery 347.0 280.3 255.0 239.0 190.5

Oo.O fxl ft 0 / .u OKJ.J A& A ppr AQ 1 *KA 1 JJ,U 98 ft

T Tinfoi^i 1^"" i f» Ctrl i"\m 1 8 fs ISA 1 6 9 111.1 1 1 Japan 34.8 22.4 15.8 10.0 8.2 All other 175.5 139.4 122.6 116.9 94.8

35613 Domestic water systems and

pumps 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.4

ft "2 U.J ft "3 U.J ft "2 U.J ft i U.j ft i U.J

ft 1 U.l ft 1 U.l ft 1 U.l V ) v)

i\\ V) V) W ( ) V)

(Vl

v ; \ ) V ) All other 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.1

35614 Air and gas compressors,

except refrigerants 67.8 73.5 81.6 60.5 56.5

Canada 12.3 11.9 17.4 11.4 8.8 EEC 4.7 7.4 4.5 7.1 4.5 United Kingdom 0.8 4.1 2.8 0.5 3.6 Japan 0.9 3.0 2.8 1.5 3.2 All other 49.1 47.1 54.1 40.0 36.4

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 123

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35616 Parts and attachments for air and gas compressors 156.3 128.3 114.1 99.3 84.4

Canada 42.6 36.0 29.1 25.2 21.7 EEC 21.8 14.7 12.3 8.8 7.4 United Kingdom 9.6 6.7 5.1 4.8 4.4 Japan 6.2 4.7 3.6 4.9 2.2 All other 76.1 66.2 64.0 55.6 48.7

35611 Industrial pumps, except

DO.

t>y.(D 05.4 JO. 1

Canada 12.3 12.6 13.4 13.3 11.0 EEC 6.1 6.0 6.2 5.8 4.7 United Kingdom 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.7 Japan 4.2 4.3 4.3 2.7 3.3 All other 42.4 45.2 45.0 45.5 35.4

35612 Hydraulic fluid power pumps

and motors 29.2 26.8 29.4 27.7 18.2

Canada 9.8 10.1 10.3 8.2 7.1 EEC 5.7 3.6 4.5 4.1 2.5 United Kingdom 2.2 1.6 2.5 2.0 0.9

3.5 4.1 4.1 1.6 1.1 All other 8.0 7.4 8.0 11.8 6.6

35615 Pumps and compressors, n.e.c, except refrigerants 45.0 34.6 34.1 28.3 26.1

Canada 10.7 8.6 8.4 6.8 7.4 EEC 8.8 6.0 5.1 5.4 4.1 United Kingdom 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.6 Japan 3.0 1.9 2.0 1.0 0.6 All other 20.5 15.9 16.3 13.3 12.4

35621 Ball bearings, complete 30.8 30.0 29.2 28.5 25.1

Canada 9.5 9.5 10.5 8.5 5.6 EEC 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.8 3.3 United Kingdom 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.3 1.0 Japan 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.4 All other 12.8 12.0 10.6 11.8 14.8

1 Less than S0.05 million (included in all other)
124 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35622 Taper roller bearings (except

thrust) 35.8 27.9 32.5 30.8 30.0

Canada 11.4 10.6 13.9 9.8 7.7 EEC 7.4 3.8 3.8 5.2 6.2 United Kingdom 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 Japan 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 All other 14.9 12.3 13.2 14.1 14.0

35623 Other roller bearings, complete 19.7 18.2 19.2 18.8 17.7

Canada 6.6 6.3 7.2 5.7 6.1 EEC. 3.5 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4 United Kingdom 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 Japan 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 All other 7.5 7.4 7.9 9.6 8.0

35629 Parts for ball and roller bearings. 12.3 7.9 7.3 8.5 8.7

5.2 3.3 3.0 4.9 4.3 EEC 2.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 United Kingdom 1.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.6 Japan 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 (') All other 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.8 2.1

35641 Industrial blowers and fans 15.8 14.2 14.3 14.1 13.6

A 3 O.J A 1 ^ A J.O ^ 7 J. / ^ i. j.j per 1 Q 1 A 1 1 Z. 1

T InitAn It i

n

(tH Am U. / U.J nU.Ha U.D

fi A U.D Cl A U.D U.J U.j

All nthpr KJ.J u.o j .*+ 6.1

35642 Dust collection, air purification

7.2 7.2 6.0 8.2 5.7

Canada 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.1 1.5 EEC 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 All other 3.4 3.8 2.6 4.5 3.5

1 Less than S0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 125

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

J JDOl lo.J 1 K Q 1 yj.y 14 0 1 7 4

Canada 7.5 8.1 8.1 6.5 4.2 EEC 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 United Kingdom 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 All other 8.6 9.0 7.4 7.1 6.8

35662 Speed changers, industrial highspeed drives and gears 71 7 1Q 1 1iy.y Q Q 11U.f> 7' 161U. 71

Canada 6.5 9.4 8.6 8.3 6.5 EEC 4.2 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.2

1.7 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.1 Japan 2.6 2.4 1.7 0.7 1.9 All other 8.7 4.7 6.1 5.4 6.0

356631 Other mechanical power

35623/ transmission equipment 96.7 78.3 77.5 76.4 69.3

Canada 38.1 33.9 34.9 35.4 31.6 EEC 15.5 10.6 10.1 10.1 9.0 United Kingdom 14./ Q Q o.y 7 Q 1 .y 7 n /.u S 8 J.O Japan 3.7 2.6 3.0 2.3 2.4 All other 25.2 22.3 21.6 21.6 20.5

35671 Electrical industrial furnaces and ovens, metal processing.

4.8 4.9 6.1 6.2 5.8

Canada 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.6 EEC 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.0 United Kingdom 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.0 All other 1.8 2.9 3.7 3.1 3.1

35673 Other industrial furnaces, and

14.6 14.5 15.1 14.7 15.0

Canada 3.6 4.8 3.5 4.4 4.2 EEC 2.5 1.9 3.0 2.6 2.1 United Kingdom 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8

1.5 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.7 All other 6.3 6.3 6.9 6.7 7.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
126 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35672 Industrial furnaces and ovens,

fuel fired 4.0 2.7 8.4 8.8 3.5

Canada 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 EEC 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 Japan 0) 0.2 0) 0)

All , i . AM z.y

1 A 1.4 o.y

"7 £. 1.0 Z.5

35690 General industrial machinery, n e c 1 14.0 81.7 94.6 84.5 61.3

Canada 30.7 19.7 26.7 25.6 17.2 EEC.

.

16.6 9.7 13.0 11.9 8.2 United Kingdom 6.6 7.0 5.6 4.8 4.5

6.6 4.6 5.0 1 o 3.0 2.8 All other 53.5 40.7 43.7 38.4 28.6

35720 Typewriters and parts 37.2 43.1 40.9 33.8 30.4

Canada 8.8 12.8 1 1.3 9.2 6.7 EEC 1 1.5 1 1.9 1 1.2 7.6 7.2 United Kingdom 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.3

1.7 1.8 2.3 1.6 1.5 All other 12.6 14.1 14.0 12.7 12.7

35760 Scales and balances, except

15.9 12.8 14.1 13.7 13.0

Canada 4.8 2.0 4.5 4.5 3.5 EEC 2.1 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 United Kingdom 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

0.1 0.2 0.1 0) 0.1 All other 8.6 9.4 7.8 7.5 7.5

35731 Electronic data processing

machines, except typewriters and parts 428.5 344.5 313.4 202.9 145.4

Canada 72.6 50.2 45.8 35.4 19.9 EEC 141.3 126.2 118.2 68.0 45.2 United Kingdom 60.2 61.3 49.5 33.3 25.3 52.6 42.1 38.9 22.1 19.7 All other 101.8 64.7 61.0 44.1 35.3

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 127

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35741 Calculating and accounting

machines and cash registers, except parts 58.5 99.6 102.8 97.4 100.6

Canada 7.1 13.7 16.7 12.3 1 1 .9 11.8 7^ A 26.4 23.2 20.0 17.3 United Kingdom A A 4.4 11./ 1 ") o lz.o 12.0 1 A 7 10.

i i 7

1 1 .3 13./ 1 1 A1 1 .4 12.2 All other 23.9 34.1 38.7 40.1 44.5

35/32 Parts and attachments for electronic data processing

machines 299.3 141.9 118.4 92.4 77.4

Canada 27.3 15.9 17.8 13.1 4.8 EEC 1 14.2 54.2 47.6 37.8 38.1 United Kingdom 44.3 18.5 15.9 13.5 15.1

38. /

1 1 7

1 1 .2.

1 c o 15.5 1 1 .3 111 li.i All other 74.8 36.1 21.3 16.7 8.3

35743 Parts and attachments for calculating and accounting

marli 1 1 1 tlL- 1 11! npc anH r*ach rpoictprQ

1\. 5 ill 111 V-clMI K^lMtn . . 106.1 67.8 66.6 59.6 52.2

34.1 21 .8 16.7 16.4 16.9 EEC 27.7 16.4 19.8 13.4 10.3 United Kingdom 23.0 11.7 13.5 13.4 12.5 Japan 6.9 5.7 6.6 7.8 4.1 All other 14.4 12.2 10.0 8.6 8.4

35791 Complete office machines, n.e.c. 37.9 38.6 35.9 30.3 26.9

anaHa 1 1 ? 1 ft 1 1f) 7 0 7 8 ft ppr f, 7 Q 1 c e o .o 4 Q

4.7 3.6 3.0 2.4 2.0

Tar>a n 2.9 2.6 1.8 1.7 1.0 All other 12.4 13.1 11.6 10.9 11.0

35792 Parts and attachments for office machines, n.e.c 62.4 46.2 57.3 62.0 52.7

Canada 11.8 8.3 19.5 22.9 12.0 EEC 20.1 14.9 13.6 18.9 20.0 United Kingdom 10.8 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.0 Japan 6.8 4.8 6.0 2.9 3.5 All other 12.9 9.0 8.9 7.8 8.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
128 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

3581 1 Automatic merchandising

machines 13.3 14.0 11.6 12.6 10.5

A f> t. J H.J A S J.J

.

EEC 4.0 3.9 7 Q A 7 A*T. J7

I InitfH JCinffHnm 1.2 1 .6 1.2 0.6 1.1 Japan 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.1 All other 2.9 2.8 2.3 3.9 1.7

35812 Coin operated mechanisms and

parts for automatic merPnEinriiCinCT ma r* n inpc j .j f\ 1 j . / 7 7 7 fi

1 .6 7 1 1 A ft 0 0 8 EEC 2.0 1.3 1 .0 1.0 0.7 United Kingdom 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.6

0.2 0.2 0.1 (') 0)

All other 0.7 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.5

J JOL.KJ I*nm k^Ull 11m<*T*r*i 1 1L i C Ullc\\ l^iinH I pmn r\ mpnt a U \ I Ul y CU U1DIJ 1CI1 1 a n H rMirtc 77 8 77 f\ J 1 .u A~> A

f, A 7 7 7 0 7 0 If) 1 EEC 5.6 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.8 United Kingdom 4.3 7.5 6.5 4.9 4.1 1.4 1.8 1.6 2.2 4.3 All other 10.1 10.0 9.0 9.4 16.1

35851 Heat transfer equipment 175.5 163.0 138.9 10.22 89.7

36.1 33.7 25.6 17.6 10.7 EEC 16.3 14.4 12.2 12.5 11.3 United Kingdom 3.2 3.7 4.1 2.4 1.6 12.2 19.1 14.9 8.9 6.5 All other 107.7 92.1 82.1 78.8 59.6

35853 Commercial refrigerators and

related equipment 17.3 16.7 16.3 17.3 16.3

Canada 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.7 EEC 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.8 2.1 United Kingdom 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

1.2 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.5 All other 9.8 9.0 9.2 9.6 8.3

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 129

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35857 Other refrigeration and air- conditioning equipment 119.4 96.1 84.0 74.4 59.6

Canada 33.3 28.1 20.3 18.5 15.9 EEC 23.8 18.7 15.8 14.3 10.0

4.5 3.8 3.6 3.8 2.5 Japan 8.4 6.7 4.5 1.2 1.1 4Q 7 38 8 ?Qjy.o8 JO.U JU. 1

35854 Compressors and compressor

34.5 29.9 25.0 26.8 33.4

Canada 10.0 8.8 5.9 4.2 6.9 EEC 4.1 5.1 4.1 3.4 6.6 United Kingdom 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 Japan 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 A 11 r*tht*r 14 S 110./ 8 7

35855 Condensing units, all 17.9 16.0 16.5 15.6 15.2

Canada 5.6 4.2 5.4 3.8 4.1 EEC 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 United Kingdom 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Japan 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.3

All ntV\t*r in 7 Qy. 7/ Q 1 y. i 0 1

35860 Measuring and dispensing

17.7 15.9 17.5 16.4 16.8

Canada 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.6 EEC 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.6 United Kingdom 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 A O A A A £. A 1 U.J

All rtlUar Q Q y.o Q 7 1 n 1 Q A Qy.yQ

35891 Commercial cooking and food

13.4 10.8 8.8 i.i 6.5

Canada 4.9 4.3 3.6 3.0 2.1 EEC 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6

1.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 Japan 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 All other 5.6 4.5 3.8 3.3 3.1

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
130 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC PmHlift HpQprir^tiori 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35892) Service industry machines and

35893/ parts 27.9 24.1 22.3 19.2 16.5

Canada 4.7 4.1 4.4 3.9 3.0 EEC 8.5 6.0 5.3 4.1 3.3 United Kingdom 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 Japan 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.3 All other .13.1 11.7 10.5 10.1 9.1

35990 Miscellaneous machinery,

except electrical 19.8 17.3 14.0 12.5 10.0

Canada 8.8 7.7 6.1 5.8 4.8

2.8 2.4 2.2 1.6 1.1 United Kingdom 1.2 1 .2 0.7 0.4 0.5

0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2

All other 6.2 5.4 4.4 4.5 3.4

361 1

1

Integrating instruments, electrical 6.3 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.2

Canada 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 p i t i o

l .u a q u.y f\ Q U.5 United Kingdom 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Japan 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.3 All other 3.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.1

36112 117.1 97.8 84.3 72.3 63.7

Canada 14.4 12.7 12.6 13.9 13.0 EEC 26.8 19.9 20.6 18.8 17.2 United Kingdom 18.7 18.0 16.3 13.1 9.7 Japan 9.2 10.5 11.5 6.0 4.3 All other 48.0 36.7 23.3 20.5 19.5

36113 Other electrical measuring

120.5 95.8 76.4 60.6 48.1

Canada 21.1 17.1 15.1 12.0 9.4 EEC 32.3 24.5 20.7 16.8 11.4 United Kingdom 16.0 14.5 11.3 9.2 8.5 Japan 9.9 6.7 4.6 2.5 2.2 All other 41.2 33.0 24.7 20.1 16.6

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 131

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36121 Specialty transformers and

fluorescent ballasts, except

6.9 6.1 6.5 6.9 0. /

Canada 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.1 1.8 EEC 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.1 0) 0)

All other 4.1 3.3 3.8 5.0 4.3

36122 Power and distribution trans- formers 1 1 c\ 1 1 .9

1 1 i 13.3 1 A C 14.0 lo.l in i 19. J

Canada 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.7 EEC 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 United Kingdom (') 0.1 (') 0.3 0)

Japan 0.1 0.1 (') (') 0.1 All other 11.1 12.6 13.9 14.6 18.3

36123 Power regulators, boosters, and

transformer parts 15.4 1 A T14.7 1 1 ili.l 1 1 .j

1 A O 10.0

Canada 6.4 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.0 EEC 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.2 United Kingdom 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

All nther 7.3 8.0 7.6 4.9 5.0

3613 Switchgear and switchboard

apparatus 75.5 73.5 72.8 71.0 63.4

Canada 15.3 13.7 14.3 16.3 18.3 EEC 5.2 4.0 4.2 3.5 3.0

1 1 1

i <

i .j i . j

1 Q j 5 1 .2 j 7 1.0 All other 51.1 52.2 51.5 48.0 39.6

36211 Fractional horsepower motors. .19.7 15.7 15.5 14.0 11.6

Canada 6.8 5.7 6.2 6.0 4.8 EEC 4.4 3.0 3.2 2.4 1.6 United Kingdom 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 Japan 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 All other 5.1 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.2

1 Less than SO. 05 million (included in all other)
132 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars) ML Product description lyoy lyoo iyo/ iyoo iyto

36212 Integral horsepower motors, and generators, except land

transportation 34.9 34.2 34.3 30.2 32.3

Canada 10.9 8.9 10.3 10.5 7.5 EEC 3.0 5.1 4.2 2.7 2.8 United Kingdom 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 Japan 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.4

All other 18.8 18.6 18.3 15.3 20.7

36213 Land transportation motors,

generators, and control equipment and parts 33.7 32.8 30.4 25.3 30.1

Canada 25.0 21.2 19.5 12.7 11.5 EEC 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 United Kingdom V / 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 Japan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 All other 8.0 10.4 9.9 11.9 17.4

36214 Prime mover generator sets, except steam or hydraulic

turbine 52.7 62.1 58.2 43.3 49.5

Canada 3.7 3.6 3.3 2.7 2.3 EEC 2.4 1.9 2.6 1.5 3.9 United Kingdom 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.9 Japan 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.4 All other 44.0 54.8 49.5 37.6 40.0

36215 Motor generator sets, and other

rotating equipment 2.5 1.9 2.5 1.8 2.1

Canada 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7 EEC 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3

IJnifpri 1^ inoHnm 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 lapan 0.1 V / f

1) V / (!) All other 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.0

36216 Parts and supplies, except

for land transportation

equipment 25.7 22.2 24.4 21.8 17.2

Canada 8.4 6.1 6.9 7.7 6.4 EEC 2.9 2.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 United Kingdom 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.4 Japan 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 All other 13.2 11.6 14.5 11.4 8.4

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 133

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36220 Industrial controls and parts. . .

51.9 44.0 41.3 40.2 39.2

Canada 11.9 10.8 10.9 11.8 11.5 EEC 12.4 9.5 9.8 8.2 7.2 United Kingdom 4.6 3.8 3.2 2.6 3.4 Japan 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 2.4 All other 20.8 18.8 16.4 16.9 14.7

36231 Arc welding machines and

accessories, except electrodes.29.5 26.4 27.5 25.3 23.0

Canada 5.6 5.3 6.3 6.4 6.6 EEC 5.9 4.3 5.4 5.5 3.9 United Kingdom 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.2 2.5 Japan 1.7 1.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 All other 15.3 13.4 13.2 11.6 9.6

36232 Arc welding electrodes, metal..10.9 8.8 11.0 10.4 9.5

2.5 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.2 EEC 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.0

ft 9 n ~> ft X ft 8 Japan 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 All other 5.7 5.4 7.1 6.1 5.3

36233 Resistance welders, components,

10.4 8.6 11.0 10.7 8.8

Canada 2.4 1.8 2.5 3.3 2.4 EEC 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 United Kingdom 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.7 0.3 All other 4.4 3.7 4.6 4.0 3.6

36240 Carbon and graphite products. .

25.8 23.9 20.3 21.9 19.5

Canada 6.2 5.1 4.4 4.0 3.6 EEC 4.6 2.0 1.7 2.7 1.6 United Kingdom 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9

0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 All other 12.8 15.9 13.5 14.4 13.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
134 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36291 Capacitors for industrial use

(except for electronic appli- cations) 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.6

Canada 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 EEC 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.4 C

1 ) 0.2 (0 0)

All other 1.6 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.4

1 1 1 11.-' 1 7 1 C A O.H I 1 fi

I I .u /.J

Canada 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.6 EEC 2.2 3.3 1.9 2.1 0.9 United Kingdom 1.7 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 All other 5.0 6.3 3.9 5.7 3.7

36311 Electric household cooking

O A V A 7 7 /. / 7 7 (- A

Canada 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.4 0.4 EEC 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.5 United Kingdom 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.2

0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

All other 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.3 5.1

Household cooking equipment

and parts, except electric 10.5 11.5 12.2 6.4 6.8

Canada 3.3 2.6 2.9 0.4 0.4 EEC 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 United Kingdom 0.3 0.7 0.3 (') (') 0.2 0.3 0.3 (') 0)

All other 6.3 7.3 8.1 5.9 6.3

36341 Electric fans except industrial. .

.

1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.9

Canada 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 EEC (') (') (') 0.2 United Kingdom 0) (') (') (')

(') 0.1 0) (') (') All other: 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 135

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36342 Electric razors and dry shavers.

0.3 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.3

Canada 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.3 EEC V) 0) 0.1 0.1 0.1 United Kingdom 0) 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 Japan (') 0)

All other 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7

36344 Parts and attachments for small household electric appliances.

12.6 12.4 11.7 10.9 8.8

Canada 7.6 6.7 5.9 5.5 4.0 EEC 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 United Kingdom 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.6 Japan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0) (') All nther 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.4

36391 Household water heaters and

parts, electric 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Canada 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 EEC 0.1 C

1 ) 0) 0.1 (') United Kingdom (i) (i) (') (') Japan 0.5 0 C

1 ) (') All nther 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9

36392 Household water heaters, except

electric 6.4 5.1 4.3 3.1 2.6

Canada 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 EEC 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.7 0) 0)

Japan 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1 All other 2.4 1.9 1 4 1.5 1.3

36393 Other household appliances

11.2 10.4 10.5 12.3 10.5

Canada 5.9 4.7 4.1 3.9 3.6 EEC 1.2 1.4 1.7 3.6 2.8 United Kingdom (!) 0.1 0.2 0.2 (!) Japan 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 All other 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.0

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
136 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36321 27.3 22.6 25.8 29.5 26.8

4.6 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.1 a n

0.7 A O 0.8 A A0.9 1.1 1.6 United Kingdom 0.1 A 1 0.1 A T 0.2 A 1 0.1 A t 0.1 Japan 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

21.5 18.9 22.1 25.5 22.8

36322 3.2 2.8 3.5 4.7 6.2

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.3

0.1 0.1 0.4 1.0 3.5 United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0) 0.1 A 1 0.1 C

1 ) A 1 0.2

All other 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.9 0.1

ioiil Washing machines, dryers, and

combinations, household 15.7 17.6 15.2 17.1 13.9

6.5 6.7 5.7 5.7 4.7 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 United Kingdom 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1 0.1 (') (') All other 8.8 10.3 8.7 10.9 8.6

36332 \_/UId laUIIUI V GUU1L/II1G1J l dllU parts, household 10.4 9.7 9.9 10.9 9.2

Canada 7.1 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.1 EEC 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.8 1.5 United Kingdom 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4

0.1 0.1 0.1 0) (') 2.6 3.2 1.9 2.2 2.2

36350 Household vacuum cleaners and parts 11.3 9.9 9.8 11.0 9.4

Canada 7.4 6.7 6.3 6.6 5.7 EEC 2.3 1.5 2.0 2.8 1.6 United Kingdom 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0)

0.1 0.1 0) Q) 0.2

All other 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.9

Less than S0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 137

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36360 Sewing machines and parts 39.1 32.3 28.9 30.6 30.6

Canada 5.1 4.6 3.7 4.1 3.5 EEC 10.8 7.5 6.2 7.7 8.9 United Kingdom 5.2 5.0 4.2 4.2 5.6 Japan 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.1 All other 15.5 13.4 13.2 13.4 11.5

36410 Electric lamps (bulbs only) 31.5 30.7 30.9 30.0 25.7

Canada 12.0 10.1 10.6 9.4 7.4 EEC 6.9 6.2 6.2 7.4 3.6 United Kingdom 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.6

1.3 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 All other 10.3 12.7 12.9 12.0 13.9

36421) Residential-type fixtures 3.3 3.2 8.6 8.2 3.4 36427/

Canada 1.2 1.0 4.7 4.3 1.3 A 1 0.3 0.3 0.1 United Kingdom rri 0.1 \ ) \ ) V ) Japan 0) (!) 0.1 0.2 0)

All other 2.0 2.1 3.5 3.4 2.0

36422) Commercial and industrial 36423

lighting fixtures 6.6 7.1 6.0 6.3 5.5

Canada 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.6 EEC 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.3 United Kingdom 0) 0.1 0.1 C

1) 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 All other 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.2 3.4

36425 Outdoor lighting equipment 5.9 4.9 4.3 3.0 2.4

Canada 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.6 EEC 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 United Kingdom 1.1 0.1 0.1 0) (') Japan (') 0) 0.1 (') 0.1 All other 3.2 3.7 2.9 1.7 1.6

1 Less than S0.05 million (included in all other)
138 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

Product description 11 QfiQ yOy 11 QAR 7O0 I yO 1

11 Q^fi 7DO I7DJ

36426 Other lighting equipment, parts and accessories 12.6 11.5 11.5 10.7 8.6

Canada 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.9 3.0 EEC 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 United Kingdom 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 Japan 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 All other 7.3 6.1 6.5 5.5 4.4

36424 Vehicular lighting equipment,

20.5 14.8 12.1 9.6 7.3

Canada 18.5 12.9 10.5 8.1 5.9 EEC 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 (') 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') All other 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1

36430 Current-carrying wiring devices.

.

116.0 94.5 87.2 77.4 59.3

Canada 31.0 28.3 26.5 26.1 20.1 EEC 29.7 21.3 21.3 18.0 14.0 United Kingdom 12.9 11.8 11.2 12.2 7.3

13.1 8.8 7.1 4.8 3.0 All other 29.3 24.3 21.1 16.3 14.9

36441 Pole-line and transmission

7.7 6.0 5.7 7.0 6.5

Canada 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.6 per V.J U.Z U.l u. 1 U.l United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.1 0) (') 0.1 0)

All other 6.3 4.9 4.5 5.1 4.7

36442 Electric conduit and conduit

fittings 16.6 14.2 17.2 15.9 13.6

Canada 4.2 3.8 4.4 4.7 4.0 EEC 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 United Kingdom 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.9 Japan 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 All other 9.3 8.4 10.6 8.6 7.5

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 139

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36443 Other non-current carrying

wiring devices 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1

Canada 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 EEC 0.1 (') (') (') United Kingdom (

l) 0) (!) (!) Japan (>) (') c> 0) (') All other 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6

36511 Household and automobile

radios and radio-phonograph combinations 19.1 14.6 12.0 10.3 10.3

Canada 12.7 9.4 6.7 4.2 3.9 EEC 1.7 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.4 United Kingdom 0.3 Q.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 Japan 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0)

All other 4.3 3.6 3.6 4.5 4.8

36512 Household television receivers. .I /.O Zi.b ZD. J 21 .i

Canada 23.6 17.3 13.4 14.2 6.0 EEC 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.7 United Kingdom 0.1 (') 0.1 0.1 C

1 ) Japan V) 0.1 0.1 0.1 All other 9.5 10.4 9.6 11.7 14.5

365 14\ Other audio equipment and

36515/ accessories 102.1 82.9 59.8 57.2 51 .4

Canada 16.7 17.6 9.9 9.7 6.8 EEC 29.5 20.9 17.2 16.2 16.7 United Kingdom 1 1.5 9.7 4.2 5.6 5.5 Japan 7.1 5.9 4.5 3.3 2.8 All other 37.3 28.8 24.0 22.4 19.6

36611 Telephone switching and

switchboard equipment 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1

Canada 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 EEC (') (') (') ()

United Kingdom (') 0) 0.1 (') ()

Japan 0.1 (>) C

1 ) (>) All other 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9

1 Less than S0.05 million (included in all other)
140 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36612 Other telephone and telegraph

annarati i c 64.1 48.6 44.6 36.5 35.3

Canada 20.3 16.4 17.9 16.4 11.8 EEC 4.4 2.4 3.2 1.7 3.7 United Kingdom 11.8 6.1 5.5 2.1 1.7 Japan 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.6

All other 25.9 22.0 16.8 15.7 17.5

36621] Electronic communications

36627 pniiinmpnt anH nart<5 147.8 1 15.5 108.9 75.1 50.1

Canada 5.5 2.3 2.6 1.7 —

EEC 42.6 27.2 40.9 29.1 29.0 United Kingdom 14.4 9.7 6.2 7.0 8.5 Japan 5.0 6.3 4.6 3.3 1.9 All other 80.3 70.0 54.6 34.0 10.7

36622 Broadcast systems and closed

circuit systems 127.5 113.2 83.9 62.1 30.5

Canada 12.2 3.2 2.9 3.9 EEC 17.3 12.9 15.3 13.3 13.9 United Kingdom 12.9 11.3 5.6 7.8 4.2

6.1 6.2 4.6 4.5 1.4 79.0 79.6 55.5 32.6 11.0

36623 Electric alarm and signal

oj o Itl 1 dllli llllClCUIll 27.1 21.4 25.7 22.1 9.9

Canada 10.8 8.6 12.2 9.2 —

EEC 4.8 2.0 2.8 2.5 2.4 United Kingdom 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.4 3.1 Japan 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 All other 7.8 7.3 8.1 6.9 4.1

36624 ^ Electronic navigational aids 148.3 127.3 81.1 56.8 46.1 36628j

Canada 13.1 2.1 1.0 1.4 EEC 40.8 47.3 35.0 23.9 31.9 United Kingdom 45.1 36.6 14.1 11.8 7.5 10.6 11.2 7.9 4.5 3.1 All other 38.7 30.1 23.1 15.2 3.6

Less than S0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 141

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36625 Electronic search and detection annaratus 74.6 63.6 61.1 30.7 44.6

Canada 5.9 2.3 2.8 3.5 1.5 EEC 25.5 15.4 21.2 10.1 24.0 United Kingdom 22.0 16.6 5.4 5.1 2.4

4.8 6.2 8.6 3.2 5.8 All other 16.4 23.1 23.1 8.8 10.9

36626 Electronic equipment nec 53.1 40.9 31.4 30.9 24.4

Canada 7.4 6.7 4.5 5.6 3.2 EEC 14.1 11.1 1 1.3 13.0 9.8

T IniteH TCinpdom 3.1 4.5 1.7 0.5 1.1 Japan 3.7 1.4 2.2 1.2 0.9 All other 24.8 17.2 11.7 10.6 9.4

36629 N/Iirrnwavp anH mnhilf tplp- phone communication

32.7 38.1 45.2 35.6 23.9

4.0 5.2 3.8 6.2 3.6 EEC 3.6 4.2 5.5 4.5 4.2

I IniteH Kintrdom 1.7 2.7 2.6 1.5 1.6 Japan 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 All other 22.8 25.3 32.7 22.7 14.1

36792 Capacitors for electronic applications 29.5 22.3 20.3 21.1 16.8

Canada 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.8 4.6 EEC 11.7 7.8 7.2 8.0 6.0 United Kingdom 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.5 1.7 Japan 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.2

O. / C 1 D. 1 A 1 4.

A "i 4.3

36793 Resistors for electronic appli- 41.0 32.2 31.2 29.5 20.6

Canada 8.2 8.6 11.8 10.4 5.5 EEC 12.4 9.4 8.3 8.8 6.8 United Kingdom 5.5 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.8 All other 12.5 8.9 1 6.8 6.5 5.4

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
142 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table I 2 Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product rit^crint ion 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36794 Coils, transformers, reactors and chokes 16.2 13.2 11.7 12.2 9.0

Canada 2.8 2.9 3.8 4.1 2.7 EEC 3.4 2.1 2.1 2.9 2.1 United Kingdom 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.0 Japan 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4

All other 8.0 7.0 4.1 3.3 2.8

36795 Other electronic components. . .

.

144.0 123.5 91.8 81.1 75.3

Canada 24.5 20.3 19.9 17.7 15.4 EEC 33.2 22.2 20.6 17.5 14.8 United Kingdom 18.3 1°.3 14.9 14.9 12.3 Japan 11.4 5.6 6.1 4.4 4.7 AH other 56.6 56.1 30.3 26.6 28.1

36930 X-ray and therapeutic apparatus. 48.5 43.5 39.4

' 33.4 25.5

Canada 14.7 13.3 12.5 10.0 8.5 11.0 9.8 8.2 7.0 4.6 United Kingdom 2.0 1.6 2L1 1.8 1.0

2.1 2.6 1.7 1.5 1.0 All other 18.7 16.2 14.9 13.1 10.4

36941 Ignition, harness and cable sets. . 16.8 13.0 10.4 7.0 5.3

Canada 15.7 12.2 9.1 6.1 4.5 EEC 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0)

\ > ^ ) (V\K I i > fni > All other 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6

36942\

Battery charging generators, other complete electrical 36945/ equipment for internal combustion engines 35.4 34.8 30.1 27.7 22.4

Canada 17.7 18.0 15.1 12.2 7.9 EEC 3.3 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7 United Kingdom 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 Japan 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 All other. .- 12.2 12.0 10.5 11.1 9.9

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 143

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36943 Cranking motors 13.8 11.3 6.5 7.4 5.2

Canada 11.2 9.4 5.2 5.9 3.6 EEC 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 United Kingdom 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan (') C

1 ) (') (') All other 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3

36946 Parts for engine electrical 24.3 24.0 21.9 21.7 19.9

A A 4.4 A A 4.4 A Q 4.0 j. i j.O EEC 3.8 3.6 2.9 2.5 2.4 United Kingdom 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 All other 14.4 14.3 12.6 13.2 11.5

i j . i

1 T, 1

Canada 1.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.6 EEC 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.8 4.9 United Kingdom 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2

0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 All other 9.0 10.1 8.1 10.1 7.2

36990 Electrical products n.e.c 39.8 33.9 35.1 27.7 30.5

12.5 12.4 13.7 11.3 1 1.0 EEC 9.2 7.3 7.6 5.8 6.0 United Kingdom 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.2

2.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 2.0 All other 13.8 10.9 10.6 8.0 10.3

37171 Passenger cars, new 262.3 268.9 248.7 289.7 280.0

Canada

EEC 21.1 23.3 22.8 27.6 38.9 United Kingdom 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 15.2 13.5 8.5 8.5 9.7 All other 224.7 230.8 215.9 252.5 230.2

1 Less than S0.05 million (included in all other)
144 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

37113 Motor coaches and fire department vehicles 14.1 26.0 17.9 17.9 19.0

Canada — — — — —

EEC 0) V) 0.1 V) 0.6 United Kingdom 0) — 0)

Japan (') (') 0) 0)

All other 14.1 26.0 17.8 17.9 18.4

37112 Trucks, new and wheeled armored vehicles 220.6 307.1 311.1 356.0 309.2

Canada — — — — —

EEC 10.9 7.8 8.8 4.0 5.3 United Kingdom 1.0 2.7 1.8 2.1 1.0

1.3 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.1 All other 207.4 295.3 299.8 349.0 302.8

37140 Parts and accessories for passenger cars, trucks &

buses 460.9 404.0 375.3 381.8 327.1

per OU.O A 1 f\ 4.5.

U

1G C\ 1Q A lO £. JZ.O

Z J. J

1 8 ft

1 o.o 11 a n o.u in 1i y.z 1 A ft 14.

o

1 A 1 .4 1 7 3.Z A A 4.4 1 7 z.z

C 1 J.I All other 369.4 339.0 316.9 321.0 274.6

Truck and bus bodies (for sale 4.8 4.0 3.9 4.6 3.3

rep

V) U.Z U.J A 1 U.Z

U.l v) V) c) (')

f\ 1 U. 1 A A 4.0 1 Q J.O J.O A 1 3.1

372121 Aircraft, non-military, exclud- 37213J ing rebuilt and modified 1,103.3 1,336.6 729.8 522.4 438.8

Canada 128.2 204.8 95.1 56.5 18.1 EEC 300.0 323.2 194.7 118.5 118.2 United Kingdom 15.2 35.1 18.8 3.3 18.4 Japan 73.4 56.0 27.6 76.2 62.1 All other 586.5 717.5 393.6 267.9 222.0

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 145

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

37222 Aircraft pnoinp^i nonmilitarv

94.3 106.4 89.7 65.1 45.8

12.2 14.4 Q 1 7.5 EEC 19.1 40.2 35.3 23.8 16.2

I Initpfi KinfHnm 6.5 4.5 2.8 2.3 2.4

Ta nan 12.7 8.3 7.3 7.5 7.5 All other 43.8 39.0 35.2 24.0 17.8

37224 Parts n.e.c, for combustion

aircraft engines and turbines.235.2 232.6 206.8 183.3 169.1

Canada 48.7 46.2 44.6 41.4 30.9 EEC 64.3 64.6 54.4 52.4 52.0 United Kingdom 12.1 10.1 16.9 11.1 5.5 26.1 28.5 24.4 17.7 17.5 All other 84.0 83.2 66.5 60.7 63.2

37230 Propellers and parts, n.e.c, for

17.8 18.7 17.5 13.5 14.0

5.8 6.5 5.7 3.5 4.9 EEC 2.0 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.0 United Kingdom 1.3 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.3 Japan 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 All other 7.1 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.4

37290 Parts and accessories, n.e.c, including landing gear for

aircraft, excluding missile 543.8 482.3 413.7 314.8 298.2

Canada 57.0 56.5 52.9 38.8 31.9 EEC 171.7 143.1 141.8 109.9 93.0 United Kingdom 38.5 53.7 25.2 14.8 10.6 Japan 50.1 44.9 41.3 31.8 34.1 All other 226.5 184.1 152.5 119.5 128.6

37510 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts. 4.4 4.8 4.0 2.7 2.3

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.0 0.8 EEC 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 United Kingdom 0.7 0.9 0) (') 0)

Japan 0.1 0.1 (!) () 0)

All other 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.3

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
146 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

37150 Truck trailers and parts 15.1 12.1 10.8 12.9 11.2

Canada — — — — —

EEC 1.1 0.9 0.6 1.2 0.6 United Kingdom 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1

1.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

All other 12.1 10.9 9.8 11.1 10.3

37910 Trailer coaches, housing type . . . 25.7 18.9 14.2 12.4 7.9

Canada 23.0 18.0 13.3 11.3 6.7 EEC 0.2 0.1 (*) 0.1 0.2 United Kingdom 0) (') C

1 ) V) 0)

Japan (') 0) C

1) C

1 ) All other 2.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0

37991 Automobile trailers and parts. .

.

2.3 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.4

Canada 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 EEC (!) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0)

United Kingdom C

1) 0) (') (') V)

Til n:i n i. > V > All other 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

37992 Transportation equipment,

14.3 8.7 9.0 6.1 6.3

Canada 10.2 4.9 4.8 3.7 3.3 EEC 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.1 C

1 ) 0.1 Japan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') All other 3.7 3.5 3.7 2.1 2.7

37321 \ Inboard and outboard motor

37322/ boats 10.7 9.2 8.7 8.1 6.7

Canada 2.7 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 EEC 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.3 2.6 United Kingdom 0.1 0) 0.2 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.1 (') 0) 0)

All other 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.7

1 Less than SO. 05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 147

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

37323 Other boats, nonmilitary 14.5 14.1 9.0 7.6 5.7

Canada 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 EEC 2.0 2.1 1.1 1.1 0.7 United Kingdom . 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 Japan. . .

0.1 1.6 0.2 (i) (i) All other 10.2 8.7 6.4 5.2 3.9

38111 Aircraft flight instruments and

associated equipment 75.1 77.2 84.3 80.0 56.8

Canada 13.9 6.9 5.9 6.4 5.1 EEC 17.0 22.0 31.4 30.0 22.8 United Kingdom . 10.3 13.9 15.9 9.8 8.1 Japan 11.0 9.2 9.2 14.5 6.0

All other 22.9 25.2 21.9 19.3 14.8

38112 Laboratory and scientific instruments 77.0 69.5 73.6 69.7 66.3

Canada 20.3 15.6 14.7 16.7 14.1 EEC 15.4 14.9 12.7 14.9 16.1 United Kingdom 5.3 3.9 7.5 5.8 7.2 Japan 4.2 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.0 All other 31.8 32.1 35.8 28.8 25.9

38113 Surveying and drafting instru- ments and laboratory

furniture 10.2 8.2 8.0 7.2 6.1

Canada 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 EEC 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 United Kingdom 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.2 Japan 0.3 0.3 0.2 V / 0.2 All other 6.5 4.8 4.7 3.8 3.0

38212 Integrating meters, nonelectric type 9.2 9.1 9.9 9.4 8.3

Canada 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.9 EEC 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.1 United Kingdom 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') All other 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.4 5.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
148 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

38211 Aircraft engine instruments

except flight 9.5 10.6 12.5 8.5 10.0

2.8 3.1 3.4 2.0 2.3 EEC 2.0 1.9 3.2 2.2 2.7 United Kingdom 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.9 Japan 1.5 1.6 2.4 1.2 1.8 All other 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3

38214 Motor vehicle instruments, except electric 11.7 11.7 9.5 8.1 8.4

Canada 8.3 8.6 6.9 6.2 6.8 EEC 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 United Kingdom 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 (

! ) All other 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.3

38216 Other mechanical measuring and controlling instruments. .

.

46.5 40.8 38.1 63.0 53.0

Canada 10.5 9.4 9.5 15.7 11.7 EEC 11.6 10.9 9.8 16.7 16.2 United Kingdom 3.9 3.2 3.7 5.3 4.1 Japan 4.3 2.5 2.3 4.3 3.7 All other 16.2 14.8 12.8 21.0 17.3

38220 Automatic temperature controls

38213

> and industrial process instruments 266.7 228.5 224.0 167.5 139.8

Canada 56.6 50.6 48.5 39.4 32.1 EEC 64.6 52.3 57.8 41.3 33.1 United Kingdom 23.7 21.0 18.5 14.5 11.9 26.5 19.7 18.4 9.5 8.6 All other 95.3 84.9 80.8 62.8 54.1

38311 Optical instruments and lenses, n.e.c 46.2 36.9 32.9 29.2 25.9

Canada 8.0 7.0 7.7 6.4 5.9 EEC 11.2 8.6 8.7 7.7 6.2 United Kingdom 4.6 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.2

4.1 2.9 2.3 1.9 1.8 All other 18.3 14.9 10.9 10.3 8.8

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 149

Table 1 2. Exports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

JO J 1 — equipment 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

> U. 1 U. 1 u.z

All other 1

38410 Surgical and medical instru- ments and apparatus 87.5 71.5 63.8 52.9 44.5

Canada 29.1 27.9 23.5 18.9 15.0 EEC 15.2 10.7 9.1 7.7 6.9 United Kingdom 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.0 2.8 4.2 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.1 All other 34.9 25.9 24.9 20.9 17.7

Table 13. U.S. Imports of Measurement-Standard Sensitive

Product Classes, 1965-69

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

24261 Hardwood flooring 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.8

Canada 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.4 EEC (') (!) 0) (') C

1) United Kingdom (') C

1) 0) 0.1 na Japan na (!) (!) (') All other 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4

24262 Hardwood dimension stock 14.4 10.3 8.0 7.2 5.3

Canada 3.2 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.9 EEC 1.8 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.5 United Kingdom (') (') (') Japan 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 All other 7.5 5.0 3.3 3.0 2.1

Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
150 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

24320 Veneer and plywood 297.3 268.8 185.8 200.3 170.6

29.6 33.6 31.6 35.1 33.9 EEC 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.2 United Kingdom 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 69.7 72.1 47.9 56.0 50.6 All other 195.4 160.0 104.0 106.9 83.7

24996 Hard pressed wood fibre board.

.

19.4 17.5 13.1 14.0 17.7

Canada 4.6 3.7 2.6 2.4 3.6 EEC 0.9 (') C

1 ) 0.1 0.2 United Kingdom 0) 0) C

1 ) (') 0)

0.8 0) 0) 0.1 (') All other 13.1 13.8 10.5 11.4 13.9

33512 Copper mill shapes 94.0 136.1 99.8

' 131.4 67.9

Canada 22.2 39.2 25.5 29.4 8.8 EEC 37.5 51.3 46.8 59.3 31.7 United Kingdom 4.0 8.7 6.9 10.3 4.9 Japan 20.6 17.9 11.3 18.5 11.7 AH other 9.7 19.0 9.3 13.9 10.8

33522 Aluminum plate and sheet 28.7 32.4 27.8 63.8 33.8

3.6 4.5 3.5 4.6 2.5 EEC 11.4 17.4 15.6 38.7 24.0

0.1 1 .2 3.0 0.3

Q A 0.1

"» *7 1. 1 10.4 4.

J

All nthpr ^ i j.j A 1 4.3 4.8 7 1 "5 ^ Z.j

335241 Aluminum bars, rods and

33525/ structural shapes 9.0 8.7 11.8 11.2 4.0

Canada 0.6 0.4 1.9 1.0 0.2 EEC 1.3 2.0 5.2 6.9 2.2 United Kingdom (') (') 0 (') (') Japan 1.9 1.6 0.6 0.9 0.4

All other 5.2 4.7 4.1 2.4 1.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 151

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

34231 \ Handtools, n.e.c 49.2 44.0 33.4 26.6 21.4 34233 1 Canada 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 EEC 6.8 6.6 5.1 4.4 3.9 United Kingdom 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.1 Japan 26.8 22.7 18.2 15.4 11.8 All other 11.3 10.5 6.8 3.9 3.1

34320 Plumbing fixture fittings and

trim (brass goods) 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.3

Canada V / \ ) V } \ ) V ) EEC 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 United Kingdom (') 0.2 V f V ) V J Japan 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 AH other 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3

34330] Heating equipment, except 36312J electric 8.4 5.8 4.4 3.5 3.5

0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 EEC 1.8 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.5 United Kingdom 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7

2.5 3.2 2.4 1.7 1.4 All other 2.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

34410' Metal windows, doors, frames 34420 and fabricated structural metal

34490, products, n.e.c 44.0 34.4 27.6 21.1 15.4

Canada 16.0 8.2 3.7 4.5 2.9 EEC 16.7 14.7 16.3 12.1 10.3 United Kingdom 3.7 2.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 Japan 6.0 7.8 5.8 2.8 0.8 All other 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.2

3443 1 \ Heat exchangers and steam

34433] condensers and steel power

boilers, parts and attachments. 3.2 2.4 2.3 1.4 0.7

Canada 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.3 EEC 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 United Kingdom 0) 0.2 (') (

l ) 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.3 0.7 0) (') All other 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.4 | 0.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
152 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

34434]

344351 Gas cylinders and metal tanks. .

.

1.2 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.4 34437

[

34439 J Canada 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 EEC 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.1 0) United Kingdom 0.1 (') (') 0.5 0)

(') 0) 0) 0.1 (!) All other 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

34521 Standard industrial fasteners

(bolts, nuts, screws, etc.) 99.5 80.0 71.1 60.2 51.5

Canada 13.1 11.4 7.0 5.1 3.5 EEC 15.7 15.0 15.3 13.2 11.4 United Kingdom 3.8 4.7 4.6 3.5 3.1 Japan 52.6 38.8 36.6 32.3 28.1 All other 14.3 10.1 7.6 6.1 5.4

349 10\ Metal shipping barrels, drums,

34110 i kegs, and pails 11.1 9.8 5.6 5.2 5.3

Canada 6.8 6.0 2.2 2.3 1.3 EEC 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 2.5 United Kingdom 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 All other 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.9

34941 Metal valves, except plumbers' 34943 34.3 28.5 20.9 17.1 12.1 34944 Canada 9.9 8.8 6.7 5.4 3.9 EEC 11.6 9.9 7.3 5.1 3.7 United Kingdom 3.1 3.2 2.0 1.8 1.3 Japan 5.5 3.8 2.5 2.8 2.3 All other 4.2 2.8 2.4 2.0 0.9

34942 Metal fittings and unions for 34945 piping systems 18.6 19.6 16.8 12.3 8.9

Canada 2.2 3.1 1.7 0.5 0.2 EEC 5.4 5.9 5.8 3.9 2.3 United Kingdom 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5

7.6 7.6 7.3 6.0 4.8 All other 2.5 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.1

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 153

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SJC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

351931 Diesel and semi-diesel engines. .33.4 21.4 17.3 21.0 15.5 35194]

Canada 3.0 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.2 EEC 3.5 8.4 5.0 4.5 4.6 United Kingdom 18.8 11.3 1 1.0 15.2 10.1

1.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4

6.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.2

351951 Internal combustion engines,

35196] n.e.c 62.4 62.1 49.9 35.4 25.8

Canada 2.3 7.7 11.2 2.5 1.4 EEC 22.6 16.2 11.4 4.2 2.9 United Kingdom 27.7 31.8 26.8 27.7 20.0

5.9 4.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 All other 3.9 2.2 0.3 0.8 1.3

35221 Wheel tractors (except contractors' off-highway and

garden tractors, parts and

18.7 15.4 18.8 20.0 1 1 .4

Canada — — — — —

EEC 6.2 2.7 4.9 5.5 1.1 11.7 12.6 13.6 14.2 10.2

0.3 V) 0) 0.2 (') 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

352231 Planting, seeding, and fertilizing part/ machinery 0.9 1.1 0.4 0,5 0.6

Canada — — — —

EEC 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5

0.1 0.1 (') 0.2

(') 0) (') (') All other 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

352241 Plows, listers, harrows, rollers, part/ etc 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.2

Canada

EEC (') 0.1 0.1 (') (') United Kingdom 0.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.1 Japan (') All other 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
154 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35226\ Haying machinery and mower

0. 1 U.J U.J 0.3 0.2

Canada

EEC 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 (') Japan (') 0.1 —

All other 0.2 0.1

U.j A £

U.O A 1 U.J U.j

Canada

EEC 0) (') United Kingdom 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 Japan V) 0) 0) — —

All other 0.1 0.1

352251 Harvesting machinery 8.1 12.5 5.0 4.0 1.8 part/

Canada

EEC 7.8 12.2 4.8 4.0 1.7 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0) _ 0)

0.2 0.1 _

All other 0) 0.1 0.2 — 0.1

35228 \ Other farm machinery equip35229/ ment and parts 86.3 84.3 64.1 65.2 50.1

Canada

EEC 50.1 50.9 33.0 27.8 22.7 United Kingdom 31.4 30.0 28.9 35.3 26.0 Japan 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 All other 3.8 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.3

35311) Construction-type tractors, 35312 \ parts and attachments 35.8 22.8 27.9 36.6 25.7 35313]

Canada 25.9 17.1 18.5 25.5 14.3 EEC 4.4 4.2 5.8 8.2 7.2 United Kingdom 2.6 1.3 3.2 2.8 4.0 Japan 2.8 0.1 0.4 0 (') All other 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 0.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 155

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35314

s

35317

35318 Mining and construction 35319 • machinery, n.e.c, and parts. .

61.8 51.9 54.3 48.4 33.7 35331 35332 17.0 16.4 18.3 16.6 1 1.3 35334 EEC 26.4 22.4 19.2 14.3 9.7 United Kingdom 5.6 4.4 5.7 5.7 3.5 Japan 6.1 2.9 2.3 2.0 0.4 6D. 7/ S R Ro.oR Q R o.o

35340 Elevators and moving stairways. 1.7 3.8 1.9 0.9 1.1

f"

1 ?* n p H a 0.2 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 EEC 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 United Kingdom 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 C

1) C1 ) 0) 0)

All ^-,t V» ar n 1 n 1 nu.z?

35350 Conveying equipment 10.5 7.9 4.8 3.0 2.5

5.6 3.6 2.3 1.3 0.9 EEC 2.2 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.3 TTmtpH 1^ inoHnm 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 Japan 0.1 t

1

) (>) (

l

) (i) All other 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.9

35360 Hoists, cranes, and monorail

systems 62.8 41.9 11.6 11.4 7.6

Canada 21.4 13.5 5.2 4.8 3.1 EEC 16.3 12.2 2.9 3.3 1.6 United Kingdom 5.6 3.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 Japan 5.2 2.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 All other 14.3 10.2 2.5 2.0 1.8

35370 Industrial trucks and tractors. . . 13.9 7.4 3.3 2.1 0.7

2.9 2.1 1.3 0.7 0.2 EEC 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 United Kingdom 2.7 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 Japan 6.0 2.5 1.0 0.6 0.1 All other 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
156 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35411 Boring machines 21.0 21.4 21.0 12.8 6.1

Canada 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1

1,1 /

' i 3 i

1 J.Z 1 1 Q 11.0 1 Z.J A "7 0. / Z.O United Kingdom 3.1 3.4 2.9 1.4 0.5 Japan 0.5 1.5 1,9 1.2 0.5 All other 3.4 4.2 3.6 3.4 2.4

35412 Drilling machines 6.0 8.1 7.6 5.1 2.3

Canada 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 (') EEC 2.7 4.5 3.8 2.5 0.9 United Kingdom 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 Japan 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.3 All other 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.1 0.8

35413 Gear cutting and finishing

machines 2.5 3.8 3.6 2.4 3.3

Canada 0.1 (!) (') na EEC 1.6 2.9 2.5 1.7 2.3 United Kingdom 0.4 0) 0.1 0.1 (!) Japan 0.1 (>) 0.1 0.2 0.1 All other 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.9

35415 Lathes 38.0 38.1 47.7 37.2 14.2

Canada 2.0 0.6 1.1 0.4 V)

EEC 13.7 16.2 18.5 15.6 5.6 United Kingdom 7.7 7.8 11.3 7.1 3.1

8.3 7.4 10.2 7.6 2.3 All other 6.3 6.1 6.6 6.5 3.2

35416 Milling machines 26.3 30.6 31.4 17.4 6.1

Canada 2.3 2.4 3.0 1.8 0.5 EEC 11.7 12.8 13.0 7.1 2.9 United Kingdom 3.2 4.8 4.6 2.0 0.8

4.5 5.2 7.6 4.1 0.8 All other 4.6 5.4 3.2 2.4 1.1

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 157

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35414 Grinding and polishing

machines 16.6 16.9 16.0 12.7 6.5

Canada 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 EEC 7.5 7.6 7.4 6.2 3.0

3.1 3.5 2.2 1.6 0.8 Japan 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.0 0.2 All other 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.3 2.1

35418 Other machine tools, (metalcutting) 22.4 23.1 26.1 17.1 9.7

Canada 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.8 EEC 11.1 9.7 11.4 7.9 5.0 United Kingdom 4.2 5.2 6.8 2.8 1.2 Japan 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.2 All other 5.4 6.0 6.0 5.0 2.5

35419 Parts for metal-cutting machine

tools, and rebuilt machine

tools 21.2 24.4 21.3 16.5 10.8

Canada 2.7 3.1 1.8 1.6 1.1 EEC 9.0 12.4 9.8 6.7 4.6 United Kingdom 3.2 3.5 4.2 3.8 2.1 Japan 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.6 All other 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.2 2.4

35421 35422 Metalworking machinery, n.e.c.

23.3 21.6 24.7 13.1 8.2 35423

35425 i Canada 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.1 0.8 EEC 12.7 11.3 14.0 6.1 5.0 United Kingdom 2.1 3.4 4.1 1.7 1.0 Japan 0.9 0.9 2.2 1.3 0.4 All other 6.0 4.6 2.7 2.9 1.0

35424 Parts for metalworking

machinery, n.e.c 5.9 3.6 4.2 3.1 1.8

Canada 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.2 0.8 EEC 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.6 United Kingdom 1.9 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 Japan 0.2 (») 0.2 0.2 (') All other 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
158 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

354411 Special dies, jigs, fixtures and

35453/ metalworking attachments. . .

.

16.1 10.0 9.4 7.1 7.0

Canada 4.0 3.5 2.4 2.0 3.2 EEC 7.0 2.7 3.2 2.2 1.4 United Kingdom 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Japan 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.2

All other 3.8 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.8

35442 Metal foundry molding boxes and molds 26.2 23.9 18.2 14.5 11.6

Canada 17.4 17.7 12.8 10.5 8.5 EEC 4.6 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.6 United Kingdom 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 Japan 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 All other 3.0 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.1

35451 Small cutting tools for metal- working machinery 14.9 13.4 12.9 10.5 7.0

Canada 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2 EEC 3.6 3.2 2.4 2.0 1.8 United Kingdom 2.7 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.3 Japan 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.4 0.7 All other 5.4 4.9 5.3 4.7 3.0

35452 Precision measuring tools 3.8 3.7 4.6 3.6 2.2

0.2 0.2 0.3 (') per i 1 i -i i .j United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 Japan 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.8 All other 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4

35481 Rollingmill machinery 10.5 21.7 10.5 2.6 3.1

Canada 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 EEC 6.5 16.5 7.1 1.5 2.3 United Kingdom 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 Japan 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 All other.' 2.4 4.1 2.5 0.1 0.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
APPENDIX B 159

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35482 Power-driven hand tools 9.9 7.9 6.0 5.3 2.9

Canada 3.1 2.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 EEC 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7 United Kingdom 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.3 Japan 3.3 2.7 2.4 2.2 1.0 All other 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.8

35483 Acetylene welding and cutting

apparatus 3.6 1.8 2.6 2.1 1.3

Canada 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 EEC 2.5 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.6 United Kingdom 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.5 Japan (') 0.1 0) (') All other 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

35512 Commercial food products

machinery 3.8 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.7

Canada 0.1 0.1 (i) 0.1 (i) EEC 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 United Kingdom 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 All other 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6

3551 1

\

Dairy product plant machinery

35513/ and other industrial food

products machinery and

parts 55.7 48.7 49.3 45.3 40.8

Canada , 0.5 o.O 8.1 7.2 5.0 EEC 31.8 27.8 23.8 25.5 23.4 United Kingdom 7.1 5.3 5.9 4.8 5.3 Japan 2.4 2.2 4.0 1.1 0.5 All other 7.6 7.4 7.5 6.7 6.6

35521 128.2 121.5 88.7 84.2 54.9

Canada 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 EEC 74.8 67.7 48.9 44.5 28.4 United Kingdom 13.8 12.9 9.4 14.5 10.4

5.7 4.1 3.2 2.7 1.4 All other 32.6 36.2 26.7 22.1 14.5

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
160 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35522 Parts and attachments for textile machinery 38.5 38.4 35.0 37.3 19.9

Canada 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 EEC 21.0 23.7 18.9 20.1 10.4 United Kingdom 5.5 4.5 5.1 1.8 4.9 Japan 2.8 1.5 1.1 0.5 0.6

All other 8.7 8.4 9.8 14.3 3.9

35530 Woodworking machinery and

parts 21.0 12.6 8.0 10.0 6.8

Canada 7.8 2.6 1.8 0.9 0.7 EEC 9.6 6.8 4.0 6.7 4.3 United Kingdom 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 Japan 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 All other 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2

35540 Paper industries machinery and

A "7 A 34.

o

ill g 41.5 7Q A Zy.u 23.3

Canada 9.8 6.3 9.9 6.2 4.6 EEC 14.6 12.5 11.7 9.3 10.6 United Kingdom 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.2 3.2 1.6 0.7 0.2 All other 18.9 9.7 17.0 11.1 7.0

35551 Printing presses 37.0 35.1 28.1 22.8 21.8

Canada 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.1 EEC 28.6 25.2 20.8 15.5 16.3 United Kingdom 2.4 3.7 1.6 2.7 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1

All /"itri^T "K 7 4 7 \ s j.j j.yj 7 A

35552 Other printing trades machinery and parts 28.8 30.9 22.6 13.4 9.8

Canada 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.6 0.8 EEC 15.0 13.5 11.4 7.8 5.3 United Kingdom 6.9 5.9 3.9 2.7 1.7

1.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 All other 4.7 9.5 5.4 2.0 1.8

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 161

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

355921 Foundry machinery and

3321

pfininmpnt 12.9 15.7 6.6 8.1 3.5

3.7 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.8 EEC 5.5 12.6 2.4 4.6 1.1 United Kingdom 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 Japan 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 All other 1.4 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.3

35614 i\Air11 anH dllU geld pomnrpssnr^ t % pxcf^nt A i_ t. j..' L refrigeration 11.7 10.0 10.9 8.3 6.9

Canada 3.0 2.2 1.4 1.4 1.9 EEC 4.7 4.4 5.3 3.8 2.0 United Kingdom 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 Japan 0.3 0.1 (') 0) (') All other 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.6 1.5

35615 PiimrK anH rnmnrpQ^nrs n p c 24.4 20.1 15.3 18.7 10.8

Canada 5.5 4.8 3.6 4.3 2.2 EEC 6.4 5.2 4.3 6.8 2.7 United Kingdom 4.7 4.4 4.3 5.2 3.7 Japan 4.8 3.2 1.7 1.1 1.0 All other 3.0 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.2

35616 Parts and attachments for air 16.5 13.7 10.9 8.3 9.8

Canada 7.5 5.7 2.6 2.5 3.7 EEC 2.8 2.8 2.7 1.4 1.1 United Kingdom 3.1 3.0 3.9 2.9 3.1 Japan 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.9 All other 2.5 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.0

35621' Ball and roller bearings, not 35622 mounted 68.9 61.2 57.8 51.6 33.4 35624 Canada 10.0 7.2 6.7 5.7 3.6 EEC 7.4 8.2 9.7 9.0 7.0 United Kingdom 5.0 4.5 8.3 7.9 3.4 43.3 36.4 28.6 25.7 17.0 All other 3.2 4.9 4.5 3.3 2.4

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
162 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35641 Tllnwf*rQ anH fans 10.1 5.2 3.2 2.5 1 7 36341

j

Canada 5.5 3.0 1.9 1.2 0.7 EEC 1.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.5 United Kingdom 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 All other 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

35661' Bearings and other mechanical

35663 15.6 13.8 10 1 10 0

35623 Canada 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 2.0 EEC 3.7 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.5 United Kingdom 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.1 Japan 6.9 6.1 3.9 4.1 3.3 All other 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7

35662 Speed changers, industrial high

7.6 5.2 3 6 1 7

Canada 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 EEC 2.4 2.0 1.2 0.7 0.4 United Kingdom 2.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 0.8 Japan 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.1 0)

All other 1.6 1.5 0.3 0.7 0.2

35670 Industrial furnaces, ovens, and

I .J 7 3 7 7 C 1 J. 1

1.1 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.5 EEC 5.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.1

r\ q \).y i i i . i l.U U.J A 1 Japan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 All other 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.6 1.7

35690 General industrial machinery,

169.6 143.8 142.9 111.2 82.5

Canada 28.6 19.6 16.7 16.4 12.5 EEC 83.5 72.6 63.9 57.3 41.9 United Kingdom 23.0 24.0 22.9 19.5 16.6

13.8 10.6 25.9 5.0 2.0 All other 20.7 17.0 1 13.5 1 13.0 9.5

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 163

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

J J 1 IX) / 1 .0 O / .U O 1 .0 jy.S AH K

Canada 3.0 2.7 1.4 0.6 0.2 EEC 32.5 33.8 36.3 38.0 31.9 United Kingdom 11.7 6.3 5.4 4.7 3.0 Japan 15.8 12.8 9.6 9.3 6.0 All other 8.6 11.4 8.9 6.7 6.4

J J /DU Scales and balances, except laboratory 2.4 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.1

Canada 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 EEC 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Japan 0.2 0.1 0.1 (') 0)

All other 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.0

35790 Office machines, n.e.c... 378.6 271.7 162.3 129.4 95.1

Canada 44.7 19.2 19.2 13.9 10.1 EEC 109.0 95.4 79.4 69.0 50.6

22.5 19.2 18.4 16.8 12.3 Japan 133.4 98.5 14.8 7.5 4.6 All other 69.0 39.4 30.5 22.2 17.5

35810 Automatic merchandising

2.8 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.4

0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 EEC 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 (') United Kingdom 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Japan 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3

Alt 4. L. _ — All other 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7

358201 Laundry equipment and parts, 36332/ except household washing

machines and dryers 7.4 7.6 4.7 3.2 3.3

Canada 0.1 0.1 C

1) 0) (') EEC 3.0 3.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 United Kingdom 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 Japan i

1) 0.1 0) C

1 ) (! ) All other 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.1 1.2

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
164 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

35851' 35853 Heat transfer equipment and

35855 [ refrigeration equipment 17.5 10.6 5.4 5.1 5.0 35857

14.7 8.0 4.6 4.0 3.9 EEC 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.3 0 1 United Kingdom 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 0 1 Japan 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2

All other 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7

35854 Compressors and compressor

units, all refrigerants 6.1 3.6 2.3 2.5 1.4

Canada (') (») (') 0.3 (') EEC 3.9 2.2 0.4 0.1 (') United Kingdom 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 (') Japan 0.6 0.1 (') 0.1 (') All other 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.4

36110 Electrical measuring instruments. 62.6 53.7 43.2 41.8 23.0

Canada 6.7 6.1 6.7 6.0 2.4 EEC 16.2 12.3 10.0 9.1 6.0 United Kingdom 11.6 11.8 10.1 10.2 4.2

15.5 13.3 8.6 8.1 4.2

All other 12.6 10.2 7.8 8.4 6.2

36120] Power, distribution, and

30 ly")

j specialty transformers, in- cluding electronic 42.0 39.8 27.0 24.4 10.5

12.2 1 1.3 10.4 4.3 3.2 6.9 8.1 5.6 4.8 1.6 United Kingdom 5.1 3.1 1.8 0.6 0.2

8.4 7.2 5.6 7.0 4.4

All r*thf*r i n i

i \j. i 3.0 7 7 i ii . i

36211 Fractional horsepower motors and generators 23.5 20.0 17.4 17.5 15.5

0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 EEC 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.0 United Kingdom 3.8 5.2 5.6 3.6 2.3 Japan 14.8 10.7 8.0 11.1 10.4 Al! other 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6

1 Less than S0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 165

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36212) Integral horsepower motors and

36213/ generators 15.5 15.3 14.4 9.3 5.9

Canada 3.9 2.8 2.2 1.2 0.6 EEC 2.9 2.4 1.4 0.7 0.5 United Kingdom 5.8 4.9 6.3 4.6 4.2 Japan 2.8 3.3 1.6 1.9 0.5

All f\t\~it*r ft 1 1 Q ft 1

36215 Motor-generating sets and

other rotating equipment 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2

Canada 0.1 0.7 0.1 (i) (i) EEC 0.1 0.1 0.2 (i) (') United Kingdom 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Japan 0.1 0.1 V) (') (') All other 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

36216 Parts and supplies, except for land transportation equip- ment 32.3 23.3 17.7 9.5 5.8

Canada 9.2 6.5 7.4 2.8 1.1 EEC 3.0 2.8 2.5 1.4 0.9 United Kingdom 1.6 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.8

7 A 7 ft 1 f\ 1 . o All other 13.5 8.7 4.1 2.5 1.4

36232 Arc welding electrodes, metal . .

0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.5

Canada 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 (') EEC 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 United Kingdom (') (') P) (') (') a i A 1 U. 1 U.J A 1 tw

All nfher 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4

3623 1 \ Other welding machines, com36233/ ponents, & accessories, n.e.c.

3.4 4.1 3.3 2.2 0.9

Canada 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0)

EEC 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.2 United Kingdom 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 Japan (') 0.1 0.1 (') (') All other 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.6

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
166 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36240 Carbon and graphite products. 22.3 20.2 22.2 14.4 9.4

Canada 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.3 EEC 11.1 11.2 15.0 7.7 4.4 United Kingdom 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6

8.7 7.4 5.3 4.7 3.9 All other 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2

36310

36340

1 Household equipment and

36390 | appliances, n.e.c 9J.9 C A O 54.8 39.4 52. 0 22.0

Canada 7.5 3.2 1.6 1.9 1.4 EEC 24.5 18.5 17.8 15.8 9.1 United Kingdom 4.6 2.8 3.6 3.6 2.5 23.6 12.9 7.4 5.3 4.4

All other 33.7 17.4 9.0 5.4 4.6

3632 Household refrigerators, home

anH farm frppyprs 48.3 34.1 20.3 17.9 13.3

Canada 1.3 2.0 0.4 3.2 1.6 EEC 23.7 15.7 12.6 8.3 5.9 United Kingdom 4.1 3.8 1.4 1.2 1.1 Japan 2.6 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.9 All other 16.6 10.5 4.3 3.2 2.8

36332 Household laundry equipment

(washing machines only) 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6

/~< _ _ j _ 0) (') 0.2 0.3 0.3

C

1) (') 0) (') (') 0) 0) (') 0)

/ 1 \

U.J U. 1 V) V) V)

All other 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

35893/

36350/ Vacuum cleaners and parts 3.7 4.1 3.2 2.0 1.9

Canada 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.2 (') EEC 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 United Kingdom 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4

1.5 1.7 1.6 0.6 0.4

All other. . .' 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 1 0.0

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 167

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36360 Sewing machines and parts 109.2 95.2 76.3 75.5 67.2

Canada 4.2 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.8 EEC 24.7 18.7 20.1 15.6 11.4 United Kingdom 15.6 11.6 11.0 15.5 14.5 Japan 58.2 56.2 41.7 41.1 37.8 All other 6.5 5.8 3.3 3.1 2.7

36410 Electric lamps (bulbs only) 25.6 23.8 22.6 23.4 14.6

Canada 2.1 2.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 EEC 6.4 6.2 3.7 3.4 2.7 United Kingdom 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 Japan 14.2 12.9 14.8 16.7 10.0 All other 2.5 1.9 3.2 2.1 1.0

36421

36422

Electric lighting fixtures, except

36423

( portable 12.6 9.4 6.7 8.3 6.4

0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 EEC 4.4 3.2 2.2 2.9 2.1 United Kingdom (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) Japan 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 All other 6.7 5.3 4.0 4.8 3.9

36424

Electric lighting except fixtures

36425 and outdoor equipment in36426

cluding hand portable equip- ment 6.5 28.0 18.7 16.6 13.3

Canada 0) 6.6 2.9 1.4 0.7 EEC 1.6 7.6 4.9 4.1 3.1 United Kingdom.

0.3 1.6 1.2 2.4 0.8 Japan 1.7 4.5 3.7 3.4 3.3 All other 2.9 7.7 6.0 5.3 5.4

36427 Portable residential electric fixtures 5.2 4.7 5.3 8.0 5.6

Canada (') (0 0) (') P)

EEC 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 United Kingdom 0) (') (') (!) 0)

Japan 3.6 3.4 3.7 7.1 4.8 All other 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.5

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
168 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36430

36130 Electric current circuit making

36220 and hrpakinf? Hpvicps n f* c 70.2 60.2 51.0 34.9 27.1 36793

16.0 11.1 8.0 7.6 5.7 EEC 20.6 18.9 16.5 9.4 7.1 United Kingdom 5.9 4.9 3.9 3.6 3.1 Japan 15.2 14.1 12.2 8.0 7.6 All other 12.5 11.2 10.4 6.3 3.6

36442 Electric conduit and conduit

fittings 2.3 2.3 1.3 0.7 0.4

Canada 0.2 0.1 (') (') CO EEC 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 (') United Kingdom 0) (') (') (') 1.6 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.3

All other — 0.1 — 0.1 0.1

36511 Household and automobile

radios and radio-nhonnpranh

combinations 115.0 88.8 60.7 45.8 32.2

Canada 26.7 29.6 18.4 8.1 5.0 EEC 6.8 7.7 8.4 6.4 8.1 United Kingdom 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 Japan

All other 81.2 51.3 33.7 31.1 19.0

3oM2 Household television receivers.. 45.3 18.0 7.6 9.7 0.2

4.7 1.8 5.6 9.5 0.2 EEC 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0)

United Kingdom (') 0.1 (') 0) (')

All other 40.5 15.9 1.9 0.1

36514] Other audio equipment and

36515] accessories 62.1 50.1 50.3 53.5 37.7

Canada 2.4 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.3 EEC 10.6 10.9 19.5 17.3 7.9 United Kingdom 36.8 31.5 24.3 30.8 26.5 Japan

All other 12.3 6.3 5.8 4.7 3.0

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 169

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

36621' 36622

36623 icon

Electronic communications

systems and electronic alarm and signal systems 126.8 118.9 110.1 91.1 45.6

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

12.6 6.4

4.5 55.4 47.9

14.9 7.4

3.8 52.0

40.8

16.0

6.5 8.4 47.6

31.6

8.1

5.1 4.7 50.7 22.5

3.7 2.6

2.1 26.0

11.2

36624

36628 (

Electronic navigational aids

f and detection equipment 64.1 40.9 25.9 26.0 24.8

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

54.7

1.2

5.3 2.5 0.4

33.2

0.9

4.8

1.9

0.1

19.4 0.6

4.8

1.0

0.1

21.1 0.4 4.0

0.4

0.1

21.8

0.3

2.1 0.6

36792]

36291, Capacitors, including industrial.

32.2 26.9 23.6 24.5 15.5

EEC

United Kingdom

All other

0.7

6.8 0.4

14.9 9.4

0.4

5.6

0.3

14.7

5.9

0.5 4.5 0.4

15.6

2.6

0.2

5.0

0.5 16.9

1.9

0.1 3.9 0.2

10.3

1.0

36795 Other electronic components. . .

63.6 38.4 22 2 38.5 25.6

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

5.2 13.0

4.3 17.4 23.7

3.8 9.0

3.2 10.0

12.4

3.5 5.9

3.3 6.2

3.3

5.2

7.1 3.3 16.0

6.9

3.2 5.0

2.5 10.6

4.3

36610 Telephone and telegraph

apparatus 33.9 43.1 30.6 32.5 17.0

Canada

EEC

United Kingdom

Japan

All other

16.9

7.8

1.1 3.9 42

25.3

10.6

1.1 3.0

3.1

10.6

12.1 1.2

1.7 5.0

7.1 12.2

1.2

1.5 10.5

6.0

6.1 1.0

1.6 2.3

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
170 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

X-ray and therapeutic 29.0 23.8 19.5 18.4 14.6

Canada 3.5 2.9 2.3 1.4 1.1 EEC 18.8 16.9 12.7 12.6 10.0 United Kingdom 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 Japan 2.5 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.3 All other 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.2 1.9

36942 Battery charging generators 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.3 0.8

Canada 0) (') 0) P) P)

EEC 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.3 United Kingdom 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5

0.1 0.1 (') 0.1 0)

All other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

36943 Cranking motors 4.1 3.5 1.7 1.4 0.9

P) P) 0) P) 0)

EEC 1.7 1.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 United Kingdom 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 Japan 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1

All nthpr ft i nv. i1 ft n n n

36944 6.3 5.4 4.8 3.6 2.9

\ ) K) V) \

)

\

)

EEC 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.0 1.6 United Kingdom 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.7 Japan 1.9 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.5 All other 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1

36945) Other engine electrical equip36946] 34.1 29.8 16.0 13.3 4.7

Canada 24.6 22.9 10.9 9.4 1.3 EEC 4.4 3.8 2.7 2.0 2.1 United Kingdom 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 4.0 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.4 All other 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 171

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC Product description 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

37111 Passenger cars, new 1,451.7 1,374.8 828.1 721.1 526.3

t

1 a r» o rl o pep Q87 yo I ,yQ 1 ftftft 1 SOS Q ftftA 7 A\A 4J4.C8

I Initorl \? inrrn r\nr\ IftA 7 1 C\A 1 RQ07.Uft Qy ft .\J 4J.4 AS A

787 7 1 70 ft ft 7 ft Jj.y SI 0 7S 1 All other 77.4 91.6 73.2 54.0 40.8

/All All r»t 1JL11C1 npr 111UIU1 mr\\ r\T v^nir'lp'C VClUdCS allU u nH 37110

37140

parts, including aircraft and

missile engines and parts 351.8 270.9 200.1 271.7 167.9

77 A 7^ f. Q ft 7. 7 J . J Q 8 per 1 70 1 1 Ly . 1

1 1 ft 7 Oft 1 11W1ftl ft .o SO C\

T 1 n i tf^H \£ i n ctH r\m 1 1ft 7 7ft 7 <ift 7 \AA 1 44.44 / *+. o Japan 71.2 49.9 30.3 16.6 11.4

110.7 8 Q 8 Ci o.yj < 8 11 7L.yQ

17} 1 ft Ships and boats-nonmilitary,

37320] new 37.1 24.8 18.6 16.4 12.7

Canada 11.6 6.9 4.4 3.2 2.6 EEC 1 A 3.4 3.5 1 A 3.4 3.5 3.0

T Jnitpd Kingdom 5.7 2.8 2.3 1.3 1.2 Japan 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

1Ij.y 1 Q i n n £ Q 7 7 A 1

37510 Motorcycles, bicycles and parts.230.8 167.0 144.8 211.2 172.3

Canada 0.2 0.3 0.1 (') 0)

EEC 28.9 28.7 30.9 31.0 25.3 United Kingdom 36.7 40.4 36.6 40.2 28.0 Japan 1 A £ O OA "1 s4.3 67.0 127.0 1 f\0 A 108.4

All other 18.2 13.3 10.2 13.0 10.6

38111 Aircraft flight instruments and

related equipment 13.5 10.8 6.5 5.0 8.2

Canada 8.5 6.5 1.7 2.0 6.2 EEC 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.2 United Kingdom 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.3 1.1 Japan 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.3 All other 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other)
172 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

cir Product description 1 Q£Q 1 Q^Q 1 QA7 iyoo

38112 Laboratory and scientific 13.2 13.0 11.3 3.5 3.7

Canada 2.6 3.2 4.0 0.1 0.2 EEC 4.8 3.7 2.5 1.0 1.5 United Kingdom 2.0 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.2 Japan 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.0 0.5

All other 2.1 2.4 1.4 0.5 0.3

38113 Surveying and drafting instru- ments and laboratory

furniture 18.9 18.5 17.6 16.8 14.5

1.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 EEC 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.6 7.1 United Kingdom 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.2 3.9 3.5 2.9 2.5 1.7 All other 3.8 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.3

38212 Integrating meters, nonelectric type 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.2

Canada 0.2 0.1 (') (') (') EEC 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 United Kingdom 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0)

Japan 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 V)

All other 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

38211 38213 Mechanical measuring and

38214

> industrial process instru- 38220

ments, n.e.c 27.5 22.2 16.1 13.8 10.7

Canada 2.8 2.6 1.3 1.2 1.5 EEC 11.2 8.9 6.2 5.3 4.1 United Kingdom 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.5 1.6

5.3 3.6 2.6 2.0 1.3 All other 5.0 4.3 3.3 2.8 2.2

383111

19410/

Optical instruments and lenses. . 88.3 77.8 65.7 62.0 48.5

Canada 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 EEC 18.5 16.9 16.2 15.3 12.4 United Kingdom 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.1 Japan 58.2 51.8 40.6 39.1 30.4

All other 7.0 5.7 5.7 4.3 3.1

1 Less than $0.05 million (included in all other).
APPENDIX B 173

Table 1 3. Imports of MSS Product Classes (cont'd)

(In Millions of Dollars)

SIC PrArl npt H p sprint inn 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965

38410 Surgical and medical instru- ments and apparatus 13.9 10.1 8.4 7.5 5.5

Canada 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 EEC 8.5 6.5 5.5 4.8 3.4 United Kingdom 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 Japan 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 All other 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5
FORM NBS-114A (1-71) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA NBS-SP-345-8

2. Gov't Accession No.3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE U.S. Metric Study Interim Report: International Trade

5. Publication Date July 19 71

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

Gerald F. Gordon

8. Performing Organization

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. 4063129

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Tvpe of Report & Period Covered Interim

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

This publication, one of a series prepared pursuant to the U.S. Metric Study

Act, evaluates the potential effects that a U.S. conversion to the metric

system may have on the Nation's foreign trade. i; ie report is based on a survey of exporters and importers trading in measurement- sensitive products,

which was conducted by the Bureau of Domestic Commerce of the Department

of Commerce.

me1 me1 trade

:

usag

18. AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

21. NO. OF PAGES

1X1 UNLIMITED. UNCLASSIFIED 188

1

1 FOR OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION. DO NOT RELEASE

TO NTIS.

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

22. Price

$1.50

USCOMM-DC 66244-P71





!
, REYNOLDS

BINDLRY, INC. KUiillfcldl