A11102 833001

NBSIR 88-3745

Water Spray Suppression of

Fully-Developed Wood Crib

Fires in a Compartment

James Milke

David Evans

Warren Hayes, Jr.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

June 1988

75 Years Stimulating America’s Progress

1913-1988 -QO

100

.1156

Sponsored in part by: —9deral Emergency Management Agency

ashington, DC 20472

NBSIR 88-3745

WATER SPRAY SUPPRESSION OF

FULLY-DEVELOPED WOOD CRIB

FIRES IN A COMPARTMENT

•Research Information Center

National Bureau of Standards

Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

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James Milke

University of Maryland

College Park, MD

David Evans

Warren Hayes, Jr.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

June 1988

Sponsored in part by:

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Washington, DC 20472

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, C. William Verity, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

Table of Contents

Page

List of Tables iv

List of Figures v

Abstract 1

1 . 0 Introduction 1

2 . 0 Experimental Parameters 2

2.1 Compartment Parameters 2 2 . 2 Fuel Parameters 3 2.3 Water Spray Parameters 3

3.0 Instrumentation 6

4 . 0 Temperature Measurements 7

4.1

Weight Loss Measurement 8

5.0 Test Procedure 9

6.0 Test Results 10

7.0 Summary 11

8 . 0 Acknowledgements 12

iii
List of Tables

Page

Table 1. Compartment and Fuel Parameters 13

Table 2. Water Spray Parameters 14

Table 3. Cumulative Distribution of Droplets, Nozzle

TF16NN, Test 2 15

Table 4. Cumulative Distribution of Droplets, Nozzle

TF12NN, Test 3 16

Table 5. Cumulative Distribution of Droplets, Nozzle

TF14NN, Test 4 17

Table 6. Cumulative Distribution of Droplets, Nozzle

TF10NN, Test 5 18

Table 7. Description of Instrumentation 19

Table 8. Fuel Mass Data For Tests 20
List of Figures

Page

Figure 1. Plan View of Test Room and Instrumentation 21

Figure 2. Elevation View of Test Room and Instrumentation 22

Figure 3. Schematic of Droplet Analyzer System 23

Figure 4. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent Volume

and Cumulative Volume, Nozzle TF16NN, Test 2 24

Figure 5. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent

Occurrence and Surface Area, Nozzle TF16NN, Test 2 25

Figure 6. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent Volume

and Cumulative Volume, Nozzle TF12NN, Test 3 26

Figure 7. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent

Occurrence and Surface Area, Nozzle TF12NN, Test 3 27

Figure 8. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent Volume

and Cumulative Volume, Nozzle TF14NN, Test 4 28

Figure 9. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent

Occurrence and Surface Area, Nozzle TF14NN, Test 4 29

Figure 10. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent Volume

and Cumulative Volume, Nozzle TF10NN, Test 5 30

Figure 11. Histogram of Droplet Diameter by Percent

Occurrence and Surface Area, Nozzle TF10NN, Test 5 31

Figure 12. Schematic of Aspirated Thermocouple Probe Tip 32

Figure 13. Schematic of Mass Loss Instrumentation 33

Figure 14. Schematic of Iron Fire Fighter 34

Figure 15. Static Room Gauge Pressure Test Number 1 35

Figure 16. Static Room Gauge Pressure Test Number 2 36

Figure 17. Static Room Gauge Pressure Test Number 3 37

Figure 18. Static Room Gauge Pressure Test Number 4 38

Figure 19. Static Room Gauge Pressure Test Number 5 39

Figure 20. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen Concentration

Test Number 1 40

v
Page

Figure 21. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen Concentration

Test Number 2 41

Figure 22. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen Concentration

Test Number 3 42

Figure 23. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen Concentration

Test Number 4 43

Figure 24. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen Concentration

Test Number 5 44

Figure 25. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate Test Number 1 45

Figure 26. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate Test Number 2 46

Figure 27. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate Test Number 3 47

Figure 28. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate Test Number 4 48

Figure 29. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate Test Number 5 49

Figure 30. Depth of Lower Layer Test Number 1 50

Figure 31. Depth of Lower Layer Test Number 2 51

Figure 32. Depth of Lower Layer Test Number 3 52

Figure 33. Depth of Lower Layer Test Number 4 53

Figure 34. Depth of Lower Layer Test Number 5 54

Figure 35. Upper and Lower Layer Average Temperature

Test Number 1 55

Figure 36. Upper and Lower Layer Average Temperature

Test Number 2 56

Figure 37. Upper and Lower Layer Average Temperature

Test Number 3 57

Figure 38. Upper and Lower Layer Average Temperature

Test Number 4 58

Figure 39. Upper and Lower Layer Average Temperature

Test Number 5 59
Water Spray Suppression of Fully-Developed

Wood Crib Fires in a Compartment Jr.* James Milke , David Evans, Warren Hayes, *

Abstract

A series of five experiments examining the effects of a simulated fire

fighting water spray introduced into a fully- developed compartment fire were conducted for the Federal Emergency Management Agency by the Center for Fire

Research at the National Bureau of Standards per Interagency Agreement (EMW-E1239) Task Order 4A. Data from these tests were intended to be used as a check of predicted results from the Mission Research Corporation Fire Demand

Model. The results illustrate the dynamics of compartment fire suppression

using water sprays.

1.0 Introduction

A series of five experiments examining the effects of a simulated fire

fighting water spray introduced into a fully- developed compartment fire were

conducted for the Federal Emergency Management Agency by the Center for Fire

Research at the National Bureau of Standards per Interagency Agreement (EMW-E1239 Task Order 4A) . Data from these tests were intended to be used as a check of predicted results from the Mission Research Corporation Fire Demand

Model. 1 The results illustrate the dynamics of compartment fire suppression

using water sprays. This report is reproduced in two parts. Part 1 contains

a description of the experiments and summary of results including graphical

presentations of data. This report contains a description of the experiments

and summary of results including graphical presentations of data.

1 Pietrzak, L.M. , Johnson, G.A. , and J. Ball, "A Physically Based Fire

Suppression Computer Simulation for Post-Flashover Compartment Fires",

Mission Research Corporation, Santa Barbara, CA, June 1984.

* Retired

1
2.0 Experimental Parameters

The experimental parameters can be grouped into three categories:

compartment, fuel, and water spray application. In these tests only the water

spray drop size and flow rate were varied. The compartment geometry, wood

crib fuel array, ignition method, and conditions to start water spray

extinguishment were not varied. A full list of test parameters is provided in

Table 1.

Total water spray flow rate and median volumetric droplet diameter were varied

by choice of nozzle and operating pressure. The water flow rate and median

volumetric droplet diameter for tests 2 through 5 are presented in Table 2 (no

water was applied in Test 1). In each of the water spray tests,

extinguishment was begun one minute after the top thermocouple in the room

doorway reached a temperature of 478° C. This temperature in the doorway

correlated with the beginning of the nearly steady burning rate of the wood

crib in the room. Plan and elevation views of the room are provided in

Figures 1 and 2, indicating the location of the cribs, water spray nozzle and

measurement equipment.

2.1 Compartment Parameters

The compartment had inside dimensions of 2.44 m x 3.66 m x 2.44 m (height)

with one ventilation opening (i.e. a doorway) measuring 0.44 m by 1.51 m

(height). The wall, ceiling and floor were lined with a 0.019 m layer of

2
Marinite I.* The Marinite panels were simply laid over a concrete slab floor.

For the ceiling, the Marinite panels were attached to steel channels with a nominal 2 inch layer of Kaowool* insulation placed above the channels . For

the walls, the Marinite panels were placed on steel channels attached to a concrete masonry block wall. This produced an air gap 0.0365 m wide between

the marinite and concrete. The compartment doorway size was chosen to produce

an air regulated, fully- developed compartment fire, when the wood crib fuel was burned.

2.2 Fuel Parameters

The fuel consisted of 7 clear white pine cribs, 10 layers in height and 3

sticks per layer. The crib was designed to have the free burning rate fuelsurface controlled and the fire duration of sufficient length to provide a long period for extinguishment studies unaffected by fuel depletion.

2.3 Water Spray Parameters

Several sizes of Bete* spiral, 60°, full cone nozzles were operated at

selected pressures and were used to provide a particular flow rate and

^Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in

this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such

identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National

Bureau of Standards, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment

identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

3
medium volumetric droplet diameter for the spray. Flow rates and drop sizes were chosen to provide a range of extinguishment results. The water spray

nozzle was located in the plane of the doorway, approximately 0.3 m from the

floor, pointed in an upward direction at an angle of 15° above the horizontal

axis. The water spray nozzle was rotated in a somewhat elliptic pattern

(major axis (horizontal) 0.27 m, minor axis (vertical) 0.12 m) at a frequency

of one cycle per second in a counter clockwise direction in an attempt to

represent the action of firefighters.

A Bete Droplet Analysis System* was used to obtain droplet size distributions

for the water spray nozzles. The Bete Droplet Analysis System consists of a

strobe, camera and computer, as illustrated in Figure 3. The strobe and

camera are positioned to obtain the droplet size distribution at a desired

position within the water spray cone. Since the droplet size distribution is

known to be a function of position in the cone, measurements must be taken at

numerous positions to obtain a comprehensive representation of the droplet

size distribution within the water spray cone. To reduce the number of

measurements to be conducted to a reasonable level, the water spray pattern

was assumed to be axi symmetric . A distance of 1.52 m was selected as the

vertical distance of the nozzle to the analyzer strobe and camera as the

droplets appeared to be well dispersed at this distance, and 1.52 m was the

distance between the water spray nozzle and the front face of the wood cribs

in the fire tests. Thus, measurements of droplet size distribution were only

necessary at various radii at the selected height to characterize the spray.

4
Radial measurements started at the inner edge of the overall spray cone and

continued in two inch increments to the observed outer edge of the water

spray cone

.

The analysis of data by the system is performed in accordance with ASTM E799-

81, "Standard Practice for Data Criteria and Processing for Liquid Drop Size

Analysis." 2 Using a spatial sampling technique, the system accumulates drop

size data from a sufficient number of frames such that the tolerable

fractional error (the ratio of the volume of the largest drop in the sample to

the cumulative volume of all the drops) is less than a selected value. For

the purpose of this project a maximum tolerable fractional error of 0.05 was

selected. The number of frames necessary to reduce this error to at least

this value was observed to vary for each nozzle and radial position. The

sampling time, which is proportional to number of frames exposed, was maintained constant for all radial positions measured in a single nozzle

spray. This is a necessary condition so that separate radial measurements can

be combined to obtain an overall average for the nozzle. The sampling time

for each nozzle was selected such that an adequate number of frames were

included to obtain a tolerable fractional error of less than 0.05 at all

radial positions.

The smallest droplet recorded in the measurements had a diameter of 31.4

microns or 2 pixels on the monitor which displays in focus a measurement

volume of 4 mm by 5 mm by 32 mm depth. Droplets on the border of the

2 American Society for Testing and Materials, "Standard Practice for

Data Criteria and Processing for Liquid Drop Size Analysis", E 799,

ASTM, 1981.

5
measurement field were excluded. Only droplets within the measurement volume

(in focus) were counted. The manufacturer's data reduction program parameter

slope was set at 4.0 and 6.0 for 1 pixel and 50 pixel droplets, respectively.

The two slopes are used to increase the ability of the system to view both

large and small droplets as being "in focus."

The cumulative distributions of water droplet diameters for the selected

radial sample positions obtained for each of the spray nozzles are presented

in Tables 3-6. Histograms of the cumulative distributions for each nozzle are presented in Figures 4-11.

3.0 Instrumentation

The instrumentation was designed to characterize the thermophysical aspects of

the compartment fire. The number of temperature probes was selected for the

experiments to ensure adequate characterization of the temperature

distributions of the compartment gases and interior surfaces. Two oxygen

probes were installed in the room, one in the upper and one in the lower

portion of the room to measure oxygen vitiation in the room. A pressure probe

was installed 0.61 m above the floor to help determine gas flow rates in and

out of the room. Finally, mass loss of the cribs was monitored by a load

cell.

A detailed description of the test instrumentation is presented in Table 7 in

terms of the physical parameter being measured and the symbol and

abbreviations used for each on diagrams and in test data listings. Each

measurement position is shown in Figures 1 and 2.

6
4.0 Temperature Measurements

Thermocouples in Figures 1 and 2 are designated by the suffixes 'ST' and 'T'.

The 'ST' designation is for the thermocouples used to measure the surface

temperature of the compartment walls, ceiling and floor. These thermocouples

were installed in a groove in the surface of the wall lining material. So

that a portion of the junction bead was flush with the surface a caulking

layer no more than 1.0 mm thick was then applied over the thermocouple to secure the thermocouple as well as shield it from radiation effects

.

The 'T' designation for the thermocouple sensors refers to the aspirated

probes. Aspirated probes were used to obtain a valid measure of the gas

temperature, without being influenced by radiation effects. The tube in which

the thermocouple was housed was custom designed for these test with two

objectives in mind:

a) To provide shielding, and sufficient gas velocity flowing

past the thermocouple bead to minimize radiation effects

on the gas temperature measurement.

b) To provide shielding and a gas velocity that was insufficient

to carry water droplets to the thermocouple bead.

Normally aspirated probes are designed with the thermocouple bead located in a

straight, constant internal diameter tube. This type of probe was examined in

7
the laboratory and found to draw water spray into the tube with a tube gas

flow velocity of 7 m/s.

The final design of the tip of the aspirated probe is shown in Figure 12. The

large diameter at the open end of the probe tip resulted in a low velocity

which eliminated the drawing of water spray into the tube, the small diameter

around the thermocouple produced the high 7 m/s gas flow velocity necessary to

minimize radiation effects. The final tip design included a ceramic tube to

anchor the thermocouple beam in the aspirated probe tip. In addition,

radiation heating of the aspirated tube tip was reduced by wrapping the tip

with reflective aluminum foil prior to each test.

4.1 Weight Loss Measurement

Weight loss of the cribs was measured by a water cooled, insulated load

platform. A thermocouple was placed close to the load cell to observe any

temperature variation. The weight loss measurement apparatus is shown in

Figure 13. The purpose of the design of the apparatus was to avoid weight

measurement of water not impinging on the cribs which could accumulate on the

load platform. A box was formed of 12.7 mm thick Marinite I panels to shield

the load platform with the crib basket frame placed through holes in the box

to rest on the load platform.

8
5.0 Test Procedure

A water flow rate and median volume diameter droplet size for each test was

selected, based on discussions with Dr. Larry Pietrzak, to assure the data

would be useful for evaluation of the Fire Demand Model. 1 The appropriate

nozzle to deliver the desired flow rate and droplet size was installed in an apparatus referred to as the iron firefighter (see Figure 14) . This device

designed and constructed to rotate the nozzle in an elliptic pattern at a rate

of 1.0 cps . to mimic the action of fire fighters and provide a broader

distribution of spray in the compartment.

Of the four tests in which water was applied, two tests were performed with

"large" droplets and two with "small" water spray droplets, i.e. median

volumetric droplet diameters of approximately 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm respectively.

In each of the tests with a specific median volumetric droplet diameter,

different flow rates were used.

The wood cribs were conditioned at 23°C, 39% RH for at least 48 hours prior to

the test until the moisture content stabilized. The weight and moisture

content of the cribs used in the five tests are given in Table 8. Immediately

prior to the test, the cribs were placed in the burn compartment, on the crib

weighing basket. A container with 50 ml of heptane was placed under each crib

(but separated from the weight measurement system)

.

9
Ignition of the seven cribs was achieved by igniting the heptane in each

container. This ignition process was done in less than 1 minute so that

ignition of the cribs was almost simultaneous.

In test 1 the cribs were allowed to burn until they were completely consumed,

without any water applied. This test was used to examine the fire development

in the compartment and to determine the time available for water spray

extinguishment studies before the fire would extinguishment naturally.

In tests 2-5, water was applied 60 seconds after the gas temperature exiting

at the top of the doorway (as measured by the uppermost aspirated thermocouple

just outside the doorway, number 20 in Figure 2) achieved 478° C. This

criterion identified a specific point in the fire development, in test 1 in

which no water was applied, at 8 minutes after ignition when the crib weight

loss rate history reached a steady value sustained for nearly 5 minutes until

fuel depletion caused the weight loss rate to decrease. This criterion used

to start extinguishment should be independent of the ignition process. Water

was applied in each of the four tests until all water was emptied from the

3402 (90 gallon) storage tank.

Data was collected for each measurement device approximately every four

seconds. In addition, video tape records of each test were made.

6.0 Test Results

Each measurement device is identified by a data recording channel number and

abbreviation for type of measurement device, as defined in Table 7. Graphs

10
are provided in Figures 15-29 of the pressure, oxygen concentration, mass loss

and mass loss rate history for the five tests.

The lower edge of the upper layer was defined for calculating gas temperature

averages as the position of the lowest thermocouple among 27 through 41 which

measured a Celsius temperature numerically at least twice that of the lowest

thermocouple, number 41, see Figure 2. The average temperature in each layer was calculated as a simple numerical average of measured temperatures from

those thermocouples 27 through 41 within each layer.

Graphs of the illustrative mean temperature in the upper and lower layers , and

interface height are shown in Figures 30-39.

7 . 0 Summary

A series of five tests were conducted to examine the effect of water spray on

a fully-developed compartment fire. One test was conducted without the

application of water as a "control", two tests were performed applying a water

spray with "small" droplets (0.5 mm median volumetric diameter), and two tests

with "large" droplets (0.6 mm median volumetric diameter). For each pair of

tests with a particular median drop size, the visual effect of the water spray

was most pronounced using the greater water flow rate, and was visually not

apparent in the other test with the lesser flow rate.

11
8 . 0 Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the insight and constructive critique of the

experimental plans provided by Jim Quintiere. In addition, the effort of R.

Zile, W. Bailey and colleagues in preparing the room, constructing equipment,

setting up the instrumentation, and assisting in the conduct of the tests at

the NBS fire test facility in Building 205 should be recognized. Special

thanks are extended to L. Buffington for characterizing the water spray

nozzles and C. Thompson for preparing the typed manuscript.

12
Table 1. Compartment and Fuel Parameters

COMPARTMENT DESCRIPTION

Room Height

Floor Area

Area of Walls and Ceiling

Door Area

Door Height

Wall Material

Wall Thickness

Wall Properties

Thermal conductivity

Specific Heat

Density

2.44 is 2.44 m x 3.66 m * 8.93 m

2

37.72m2

0.67 m

2

1.51 m

Marinite I

1.9 cm

0.12 W/m °K

1.25 kJ/kg °K

738 kg/m3

FUEL DESCRIPTION

Fuel Type

Crib Geometry

Square Stick Thickness

Stick Length

Spacing Between Sticks

Number Sticks per Layer

Number of Layers

Number of Cribs

Fuel Surface Area

Fuel Surface Area

Exposed to Water

Heat of Combustion

Fuel Density

WATER APPLICATION DESCRIPTION

Distance of Nozzle from Vent

Cone Angle of Hose Stream

Sweep time to cover Compartment

Volume Median Drop diameter

Flow Rate of Water

White Pine Wood Crib

4. 0 cm 26.0 cm

7.0 cm

3

10

77.59 m

2

16%

4440 kcal/kg

370 kg/m3

0.0 m

60°

2 sec

see Table 2 see Table 2

13
^

W

N

Table 2. Water Spray Parameters

Test

1

5

Drop Size

(mm) kPa(psl) If s ( &/s-m^)xlO^

Manufacturer'

s

Nozzle Code

Free Burn (no extinguishment)

0.627 123 (18) 0.46 5.2 TF 16NN

0.491 372 (54) 0.44 4.9 TF 1 2NN

0o 595 117 (17) 0.35 3.9 TF 14NN

0.482 276 (40) 0.26 2.9 TF 10NN

14
Table 3. Cumulative Distribution

of Droplets,

Nozzle TF18BI, Test 2

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 118

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF 16 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

121 122 123 124 125 126

VERTICAL

18.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

14.00 - 26.00 INCHES

61.61 - 65.39 INCHES

13.1 - 23.4 DEG

270 DEG

Z

DIAMETER

(MICRONS) DROPS

Z

OCCURRENCE

SURFACE

AREA

Z

VOLUME

CUM %

VOLUME

CLASS

CHECK

25.1 - 31.6 620 13.42 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.000

31.6 - 39.8 374 8.10 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.000

39.8 - 50.1 225 4.87 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.000

50.1 - 63.1 124 2.68 0.08 0.01 0.03 0.000

63.1 - 79.4 142 3.07 0.15 0.02 0.05 0.000

79.4 - 100.0 259 5.61 0.42 0.07 0.12 0.000

100.0 - 125.9 282 6.11 0.74 0.15 0.27 0.00 0

125.9 - 158.5 317 6.86 1.30 0.33 0.60 0.000

158.5 - 199.5 286 6.19 1.83 0.58 1.17 0.001

199.5 - 251.2 228 4.94 2.33 0.93 2.10 0.001

251.2 - 316.2 219 4.74 3.56 1.79 3.89 0.002

316.2 - 398.1 376 8.14 9.97 6.41 10.31 0.007

398.1 - 501.2 483 10.46 19.72 15.73 26.04 0.013

501.2 - 631.0 400 8.66 25.13 24.88 50.92 0.029

631.0 - 794.3 198 4.29 19.70 24.56 75.48 0. 028

794.3 - 1000.0 68 1.47 10.34 15.91 91.39 0.013

1000.0 - 1258.9 17 0.37 4.07 7.85 9-9.24 0 .009

1258.9 - 1584.9 1 0.02 0.34 0.76 100.00 0.001 — — — — — - 46197 "”I oo7oo~" IooToo* IooToo IooToo

- -

AVERAGE DIAr.ET ERS (MICRONS) : ARITHMETIC MEAN = 241.54 MAXIMUM DIAMETER = 1287 . 00

SURFACE MEAN = 326.62 MINIMUM DIAMETER = 31 .40

VOLUME MEAN = 392 . 22 TOTAL DROPS IN SAMPLE = 4619.

SAUTER h T AN = 565.56 IOTAL OUT OF FOCUS = 560

WEIGHT MEAN = 652.27 TOTAL FRAMES IN SAMPLE = 3 u 4 j

VOLUME MEDIAN = 627.02 AVE. DROPS PER FRAME ^ 1.30

SAMPLE SIZE C H E C i\ = 0.01 DEVIATION = 0 . 6

j

RELATIVE SPAN - ( 981.73 - 395. 28)/ 627.02 = 0.94

15
Table 4. Cumulative Distribution

of Droplets,

Nozzle TF12NN, Test 3

COMPOSITE REPORT NOZZLE: TF 12 NN

TEST DATE 1/16/85 TEST METHOD: PLANE

TESTS INCLUDED: 94 95 127 97 128 129 130 131

SPRAY DIRECTION VERTICAL

PRESSURE 54.0 PSI

CENTERLINE COORDINATE 60.00 INCHES

RAD IAL COORDINATE 16.00 - 30 .00 INCHES

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE 62.09 - 67 .08 INCHES

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE 14.9 - 26.5 DEG

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE 270 DEG

DIAMETER X

%

SURFACE X CUM X CLASS

(MICRONS) DROPS OCCURRENCE AREA VOLUME VOLUME CHECK

25.1 - 31 .6 473 9.13 0.13 0,01 0.01 0.000

31.6 - 39.8 384 7.41 0.15 0.01 0.02 0 . 0 0 0

39 . e - 50.1 410 7.92 0.24 0.03 0.05 0 .000

50.1 - 63.1 549 10.60 0.50 0.06 0.11 0.00 0

63.1 - 79.4 447 8.63 0.62 0.10 0.21 0.000

79.4 - 100.0 445 8.59 0.96 0.19 0.40 0 .000

100.0 - 125.9 266 5.14 0.91 0.23 0.62 0.00 0

125.9 - 158.5 180 3.48 0.98 0.31 0.93 0.000

156.5 - 199.5 129 2.49 1 .10 0.43 1.37 0.00 0

.i ~J .5 - 251 .2 153 2.95 2.11 1.06 2.42 0.001

251.; - 316.2 235 4.54 5.23 J. jJ 5.74 0.004

3.16.2 - 398.

452 8.73 15.95 12.76 18.50 0 . 0 i

'.5 398.1 - 501.2 689 13.30 37.14 36.71 55 .21 0.04/

501.2 - 631 .0 300 5.79 24.92 30.56 85.77 0 . 0 3 5

631.0 - 794 .62 1 .20 8.04 12.32 98.09 0.014

7 94.3 - i 000.0 er 0.10 1 .01 1.91 100.00 0.002

5i79. 100.00 100.00 100.00 100 . oc

AVERAGE DIMETERS (MICRONS

AKIThhc.'. 1C MEAN — 1 9 . 6 4

SURFACE MEAN — 266.69

V 0 j- .'ME MEAN = 313.41

SAUTEF MEAN = 453.90

WEIGHT MEAN = 499.10

VOLUME MEDIAN = 490.84

SAMPLE SHE CHECK = 0.00

MAXIMUM DIAMETER = MINIMUM DIAMETER = TOTAL DROPS IK SAMPLE = TOTAL UUT OF FOCUS = TOTAL FRAMES IN SAMPLE

AVE. DROPS PER FRAME = DEVIATION - 0.60

S ? 7.62

31.40

• I

‘ 9

234

3775

1.37

RELATIVE SPAN = 685. ?

• 352.71)/ 490.84 0.68

16
Table 5. Cumulative Distribution

of Droplets,

Nozzle TF14NH, Test 4

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 112

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF 14 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

113 114 115 116

VERTICAL

17.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

18.00 - 26.00 INCHES

62.64 - 65.39 INCHES

16.6 ~ 23.4 DEG

270 DEG

%

DIAMETER % SURFACE % CUM 7. CLASS

( M ICRONS

DROPS OCCURRENCE AREA VOLUME VOLUME CHECK

25.1 31.6 208 7.72 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.000

31.6 39.8 107 3.97 0.05 0.00 0.01 0 . 000

39.8 50.1 55 2.04 0.03 0.00 0.01 0 . 000

50.

63.1 61 2.27 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.000

63.1 79.4 75 2.78 0.11 0.02 0.03 0.000

79 .

- 100.0 124 4.60 0.29 0.05 0.08 0.000

100.0 - 125.9 166 6.16 0.65 0.14 0.22 0 . 000

125.9 - 158.5 195 7.24 1 .16 0.30 0.52 0 .000

158.5 - 199.5 211 7.84 2.01 0.67 1 .19 0.001

199.5 - 251.2 154 5.72 2.31 0.96 2.15 0.001

251 .2 - 316.2 184 6.83 4.53 2.42 4.57 0 . 003

316.2 - 398.1 322 11.96 12.53 8.38 12.95 0.010

398.1 - 501.2 44 9 16.67 26.76 22.17 35.12 0.025

501.2 - 631.0 227 8.43 20.68 21.18 56.30 0 .024

6 31.0 - 794.3 99 3.68 14.45 18.74 75.04 0 . 02 J. 794.3 - 1000.0 47 1.75 10.99 18.01 93.05 0.021

1000.0 - 1258.9 7 0.26 2.28 4.39 97.44 0 . 005

1258.9 - 1584.9 n 0.07 1.05 2.56 100.00 0.003

2693. 100.00 100 . 00 100 . 00 100.00

AVER AGE jl 1 1 A M E T E F S (MIC RONS) : ARITHMETIC mean = 264.17 MAXIMUM DIAMETER = 1347.81

SURFACE MEAN = 352.26 MINIMUM DIAMETER = 31.40

VOLUME MEAN = 406.72 TOTAL DROPS IN SAMPLE = 2 693.

SAUTER MEAN = 542.20 TOTAL OUT OF FOCUS = 72

WEIGHT MEAN = VOLUME MEDIAN = SAM LE o J 2. E CHECK

632.85

595.48

0.01

TOTAL FRAMES IN SAMPLE = 2262

AVE. DROPS PER FRAME = 1.19

DEVIATION = 0.52

RELATIVE SPAN = ( 964.95 - 376 . 03 )/ . 48 0.99

17
able 6. Cumulative Distribution

of Droplets,

Nozzle TF10NN, Test 5

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 86

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF 10 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

87 106 107 108 109 110 111

VERTICAL

40.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

14.00 - 28.00 INCHES

61.60 - 66.21 INCHES

13.1 - 25.0 DEG

270 DEG

y. DIAMETER y. SURFACE % cum y. CLASS

(MICRONS) DROPS OCCURRENCE AREA VOLUME VOLUME CHECK

25.1 — 31.6 ~

1 91

~

~ sill"" ~

0 7 0 5

~ ~~6766 ~~o7oo o7oo6

31 .6 - 39.6 140 3.74 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.000

39.8 - 50.1 143 3.82 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.000

50.1 - 63.197 5.27 0.18 0.02 0.04 0.000

63.1 - 79.4 186 4.97 0.25 0.04 o.os 0.000

79.4 - 100.0 210 5.62 0.44 0.09 0.17 0 . 0 v 0

10 0.0 - 125.9 177 4 . 73 0.60 0.15 0.32 0.000

125.9 - 158.5 116 3.10 0.61 0. 19 0.52 0.000

158.5 - 199.5 139 3.72 1.17 0.47 0.99 0.001

199.5 - 251 .

236 6.31 3. 15 1.59 2.58 0.002

251.2 - 316.2 401 10.72 6.68 5.60 8. IS 0.00b

316.2 - 398.1 696 18.61 23.75 19.24 27.42 0.02 2

398.1 - 501 .2 563 15.06 29.12 29.04 56.46 0.033

5 0 1 .

- 631 .0 267 7.14 21.61 26.96 83 .43 : .0?.]

( . 3 ,0 - 794.3 68 1.82 8.52 13.23 96.6b 0.015

V 94.3 - 1 V -> . 0 9 0.24 1 . 74 3.3 4 1 0 0 . 0 0 4 — — — 3739. 100.00 100.00 100.00 j 657 oo

- ~ * •

AVERAGE D 1 A M E T E K 3 (MICRO N b ) : ARITHMETIC MEAN - 264.39

SURFACE MEAN - 318.30

VOLUME MEAN = 356.35

SAUTER MEAN - 446.62

WEIGHT MEAN = 492.94

J . LUriE MEDIAN = 482.14

OA PLE SIZS CHECK - 0.01

n A a „ m ij M DIAMETER — 953.06

MINIMUM DIAMETER = 31.". .> TOTAL DROPS IN SAMPLE = 373T

T01 Hi : JT OF FOCUS : *4

7 OT A ^ FRAMES IN SAMRLE - Li 3 2

AVE. r.OPS PER FRAME = 1 . oO

DEVIATION = '.45

R E L A T I V E SPAN 710.4 326 . > / A S 2 14 0 .

18
Table 7 Description of Instrumentation

Channel Acronym Description Units Location

16 PR Differential

Pressure

Inches

h

2 o Rear of side

wall, 2 ft. above

floor

17 OX Oxygen

Concentration

Percent

by Volume

Rear wall, 2 ft.

below ceiling

18 OX Oxygen

Concentration

Percent

by Volume

Rear wall, 2 ft.

above floor

19 MS Mass of Cribs kg Under crib

assembly

20 GT Gas Temperature °C Doorway

21 GT Gas Temperature °C Doorway

22 GT Gas Temperature °c Doorway

23 GT Gas Temperature °c Doorway

24 GT Gas Temperature °c Doorway

25 GT Gas Temperature °c Doorway

26 GT Gas Temperature °c Doorway

27 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

28 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

29 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

30 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

31 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

32 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

33 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

34 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

35 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

36 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

37 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

38 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

39 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

40 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

41 GT Gas Temperature °c Room Center

42 ST Surface Temperature °c Rear Wall

43 ST Surface Temperature °c Rear Wail

44 ST Surface Temperature °c Rear Wall

45 ST Surface Temperature °c Left Wall * 46 ST Surface Temperature °c Left Wall

47 ST Surface Temperature °c Left Wall

48 ST Surface Temperature °c Front Wall

49 ST Surface Temperature °c Front Wall

50 ST Surface Temperature °c Front Wall

51 ST Surface Temperature °c Right Wall

52 ST Surface Temperature e c Right Wall

53 ST Surface Temperature °c Right Wall

54 ST Surface Temperature °c Ceiling

55 ST Surface Temperature °c Ceiling

56 ST Surface Temperature °c Ceiling

57 ST Surface Temperature °c Floor

58 ST Surface Temperature °c Floor

59 ST Surface Temperature °c Floor

19
Table 8 Fuel Mass Data For Tests

Test il

1

2

3

4

5

Crib Total

Mass Moisture Fuel

Content Mass

(kg) (%) (kg)

5.72 7.5 40.27

5.62 8.3

5.76 8.0

6.03 7.8

5.53 8.2

6.12 7.8

5.49 8.2

5.72 8.2 38.42

5.61 8.5

5.39 7.5

5.17 9.3

5.66 9.5

5.59 9.5

5.28 8.0

5.51 9.1 39.37

5.86 9.0

5.62 9.0

5.62 8.5

5.15 9.1

5.82 8.6

5.79 9.2

5.38 8.3 37.78

5.60 9.2

5.51 9.0

5.42 7.2

5.55 7.2

5.67 9.5

5.65 8.0

5.86 7.8 40.51

6.09 8.4

5.70 8.0

5.89 8.8

5.41 8.8

5.86 8.5

5.70 8.5

Fuel*

Load

^ (kg/m ) 4.51

4.30

4.41

4.23

4.54

Total Residual

Fuel Mass

(kg)

0

11.80

12.16

4.54

4.57

20
Thermocouple (aspirated)

Surface thermocouple • Static pressure

Oxygen concentration

Load cell

Surface thermocouples 45,46,47

at 1.22m height on wall

Figure 1. Plan View of Test Room

and Instrumentation
Thermocouple(asplrated)

Surface

thermocouple

Oxygen

concentration

Load

cell

•

Static

pressure

All

dimensions

In

meters
Pressure

transducer

23

DROPLET

ANALYZER

SYSTEM
Figure 4. Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Volume and

Cumulative Volume, Nozzle

TF16NN, Test 2

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 118

SPLAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF 16 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

121 122 122 124 125 126

VERTICAL

18.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

14.00 - 26.00 INCHES

61.61 - 65.39 INCHES

13.1 - 23.4 DEG

270 DEG

% OCCURRENCE (LEFT SCALE)

% SURFACE AREA (RIGHT SCALE)

% Z

DIAMETER (MICRONS)

24
^

Cl

Figure 5. Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Occurrence and

Surface Area, Nozzle

TF16NN, Test 2

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 118

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF 16 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

121 122 123 124 125 126

VERTICAL

18.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

14.00 - 26.00 INCHES

61.61 - 65.39 INCHES

13.1 - 23.4 DEG

270 DEG

X VOLUME (LEFT SCALE)

CUM % VOLUME (RIGHT SCALE)

%

DIAMETER (MICRONS)

25
Figure 6. Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Volume and

Cumulative Volume, Nozzle

TF12NN, Test 3

COMPOSITE REP3RT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 94

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANCLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF 12 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

95 127 97 128 129 130 131

VERTICAL

54.0 PS I 60.00 INCHES

16.00 - 30.00 INCHES

62.09 - 67.08 INCHES

14.9 - 26.5 DEG

270 DEG

Z OCCURRENCE (LEFT SCALE)

% SURFACE AREA (RIGHT SCALE)

40

3 :> r

-P

ip

i

i

i

39.8 63.1 100.

0

158.5 251.2 338.1 631.0 1000.0 1554.9 DIAMETER (MICRONS)

26
Figure 7. Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Occurrence and

Surface Area, Nozzle

TF12NN, Test 3

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 94

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

95 127

VERTICAL

54.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

16.00 - 30.00 INCHES

62.09 - 67.08 INCHES

14.9 - 26.5 DEG

270 DEG

NOZZLE: TF 12 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

97 128 129 130 131

’/. VOLUME (LEFT SCALE)

CUM X VOLUME (RIGHT SCALE)

% %

10|

i

i

4 0

30

20

10

S|>

ii

25.1 39.8 63.1 100.0 158.5 251.2 398.1 631.0 1000.0 1584.9 DIAMETER (MICRONS)

27
Figure 8. Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Volume and

Cumulative Volume, Nozzle

TF14NN, Test 4.

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

T a Z T S INCLUDED: 112

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF x 4 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

113 114 115 116

VERTICAL

17.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

18.00 - 26.00 INCHES

62.64 - 65.39 INCHES

16.6 - 23.4 DEG

270 DEG

% OCCURRENCE (LEFT SCALE)

% SURFACE AREA (RIGHT SCALE)

DIAMETER (MICRONS28
J

J

Figure 9.

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 112

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Occurrence and

Surface Area, Nozzle

TF14NN, Test 4

NOZZLE: TF 14 NN

TEST METHOD: PLANE

113 114 115 116

VERTICAL

17.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

18.00 - 26.00 INCHES

62.64 - 65. 3S INCHES

16.6 - 23.4 DEG

270 DEG

/.

20

15

i

25.1 39.8

X VOLUME

CUM 7. VOLUME

(LEFT SCALE)

(RIGHT SCALE)

53.1 100.0 158.5 251.2 398.1 631.0 10-00.0 1584.9

7

10 0

I

so

!

6p

1

4 b

I J

D I A METER ( MICRONS

29
Figure 10. Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Volume and

Cumulative Volume,

Nozzle TF10NN, Test 5.

COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 86

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

NOZZLE: TF 10

TEST METHOD:

87 106 107 108 109

VERTICAL

40.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

14.00 - 28.00 INCHES

61.60 - 66.21 INCHES

13.1 - 25.0 DEG

270 DEG

N N

PLANE

110 111

% OCCURRENCE

7. SURFACE AREA

(LEFT SCALE)

(RIGHT SCALE)

1 L»

i

I

2 0 4t)

25.1 39.3 63.1 100.0 158.5 251.2 DIAMETER ( M l E

398.1 631.0 1000.0 1584.9

30
Figure 11. Histogram of Droplet Diameter

by Percent Occurrence and

Surface Area, Nozzle

TF10NN, Test 5 COMPOSITE REPORT

TEST DATE 1/16/85

TESTS INCLUDED: 86

SPRAY DIRECTION

PRESSURE

CENTERLINE COORDINATE

RADIAL COORDINATE

DISTANCE FROM NOZZLE

AZIMUTHAL ANGLE

CYLINDRICAL ANGLE

nozzle: tf io nn TEST METHOD: PLANE

87 106 107 108 109 110 111

VERTICAL

40.0 PSI

60.00 INCHES

14.00 - 28.00 INCHES

61.60 - 66.21 INCHES

13.1 - 25.0 DEG

270 DEG

7.50

40

30

20

10

“ % VOLUME - CUM 7. VOLUME

(LEFT SCALE)

(RIGHT SCALE)

i

r

1 0 0

I so

sb

I

4b

i

i

i 2D

j

i

25.1 39.8 63.1 100.0 158.5 251.2 398.1 631.0 1000.0 1584.9 DIAMETER (MICRONS)

31
i

O 3 £g

I- o 3

co a

>

CNI

32

ASPIRATED

THERMOCOUPLE

PROBE

TIP
Wood

cribs

33

SCHISMATIC

01*’

MASS

LOSS
34

SCHISMATIC

OK
PRESSURE

(mm

H

2

0)

Figure 15. Static Room Gauge Pressure

Test Number 1

TIME (s)

35
PRESSURE

(mm

H

2

0)

^"^-§ure 16. Static Room Gauge Pressure

Test Number 2

36
PRESSURE

(mm

H

2

0)

Figure 17. Static Room Gauge Pressure

Test Number 3

TIME (s)

37
18. Static Room Oau^e Pressure

Test Number 4
PRESSURE

(mm

H

2

0)

Figure 19. Static Room Gauge Pressure

Test Number 5

39
OTHER

OXYGEN

FAILED

TIME (s)

Figure 20. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen

Concentration

Test Number 1

40

LOWER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)
UPPER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)

TIME (s)

Figure 21. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen

Concentration

Test Number 2 41

LOWER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)
UPPER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)

Figure 22. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen

Concentration

Test Number 3

LOWER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)
UPPER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)

Figure 23. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen

Concentration

Test Number 4

21.1

21.0

20.9

20.8

20.7

20.6

20.5

20.4

20.3

20.2

20.1

20.0

19.9

19.8

19.7

19.6

19.5

19.4

19.3

19.2

19.1

600

TIME (s)

43

0 1200 1800

LOWER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)
UPPER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)

Figure 24. Upper and Lower Layer Oxygen Concentration

Test Number 5

0

44 TIME (si

1800

LOWER

OXYGEN

CONCENTRATION

(%)
Figure 25. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate

Test Number 1

TIME (s)

MASS

LOSS

RATE

(kg/s)
Figure 26. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate

Test Number 2

TIME (s)

46

MASS

LOSS

RATE

(kg/s)
Figure 27. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate

Test Number 3

TIME (s)

47

MASS

LOSS

RATE

(kg/s)
Figure 28. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate

Test Number 4

TIME (s)

48

- 0.06

- 0.05

- 0.04

- 0.03

- 0.02

- 0.01

0

1800

MASS

LOSS

RATE

(kg/s)
Figure 29. Fuel Mass and Mass Loss Rate

Test Number 5

49

MASS

LOSS

RATE

(kg/s)
Figure 30. Depth of Lower Layer

Test Number 1
HEIGHT

(m)

Figure 31. Depth of Lower Layer

Test Number 2

51
HEIGHT

(m)

Figure 32. Depth of Lower Layer

Test Number 3

0 8 12 16 20

TIME (min.)

52

4
Figure 33. Depth of Lower Layer

Test Number 4
HEIGHT

(m)

Figure 34. Depth of Lower Layer

Test Number 5

0
TEMPERATURE

(°C)

Figure 35. Upper and Lower Layer

Average Temperature

Test Number 1

TIME (s)

55
TEMPERATURE

(°C)

Figure 36. Upper and Lower Layer

Average Temperature

Test Number 2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

TIME (min.)

56
Figure 37. Upper and Lower Layer

Average Temperature

Test Number 3

0 600 1200
Figure 38. Upper and Lower Layer

Average Temperature

Test Number 4

1800

58
TEMPERATURE

(°C)

Figure 39. Upper and Lower Layer

Average Temperature

Test Number 5

59
FORM NBS-1 14A (REV. 1 1-84) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 1. PUBLICATION OR 2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publicat on Date BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions) REPORT NO.

NBSIR-38/3745 June 1988

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Water Spray Suppression of Fully-Developed Wood Crib Fires in a Compartment

5. AUTHOR(S)

James Milke, David Evans, Warren Hayes, Jr.

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions) 7. Contract/Grant No.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE *• T/P e of Report & Period Covered

GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899

9.

SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State, ZIP

)

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Washington, DC 20472

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

|~ Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FlPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. I f document includes a significant

bi bl iography or literature survey, mention it here)

A series of five experiments examining the effects of a simulated fire fighting

water spray introduced into a fully-developed compartment fire were conducted for

the Federal Emergency Management Agency by the Center for Fire Research at the

National Bureau of Standards per Interagency Agreement (EMW-E-1239) Task Order 4A.

Data from these tests were intended to be used as a check of predicted results from

the Mission Research Corporation Fire Demand Model. The results illustrate the

dynamics of compartment fire suppression using water sprays.

12.

KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries ; alphabeti cal order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) crib fires; extinguishment; firefighting; room fires; sprinklers; water spray

13. AVAILABILITY ~

'_Xj Uni imited

' For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, ^ 20402.

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

66

DC

15. Price

Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA 22161 $13.95

USCOMM-DC 85-6006
!—11