## A

- 1 Appendix A

Scientific Names and Ecotoxicity Summary Tables

## A

- 2 Table A

- 1. Scientific names for species listed in ecotoxicity tables.

Common name Scientific name

Mallard duck Anas platyrhynchos

Japanese quail Coturnix c. japonica

Ring necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus

Northern bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus

Chicken (domestic) Gallus domesticus

American kestrel Falco sparverius

Laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus

Laboratory mouse Mus musculus

Richardson’s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii

Mink Neovison vison

Pine vole Microtus subterraneus

Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus

Beagle dog Canis lupus familiaris

Cat Felis catus

Dutch rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus

Pig Sus scrofa domesticus

Guinea pig Cavia porcellus

Sheep Ovis aries

Roof rat Rattus rattus

Norway rat (wild) Rattus norvegicus

Hare Lepus spp.

Black

- tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus

Coyote Canus latrans

Mongoose Herpestes spp.

## A

- 3 Table A

- 2. Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LD50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/

Reference and classification

Brodifacoum

Mallard duck 97.6 0.25 (0.11, 0.40) 3.0 (1.3, 4.7) 1054 g Observed 28 days Deaths (3

- 23 days) most from days 7

- 10) 41563303 Acceptable

Jap anese quail Tech. 11.6 (10.0, 1 3.6) 6.6 (3.8, 9.3) 206 g Observed 14 days, mortalities between day 2

and 10 46351304 supplemental

Ring necked pheasant 96 0.59 NA 1188 g Observed 35 days

Mortalities 3 to 30 days

. 46351303 supplemental

Difethialone

Northern bobwhite quail 96 0.30 (0.16, 0 .38) 5.9 (1.9, 9.9) 196 g Observed 30 days

, mortali ti es 3

- 19 days 406969 01 Acceptable

Japanese quail 99.5 23.4 (18, 30) Mortalities 4

- 11 days 42687702 and 402689 13, supplemental

Warfarin

Northern bobwhite quail 100 >2000

-- -- -- 156284, acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail 100 > 2150

-- -- -- 153369, acceptable

Mallard duck Tech. 621

-- -- -- 248782, acceptable

Mallard duck 10 120

-- -- -- 5005716, supplemental

Chicken (domestic) 942

-- -- -- Bai and Krishnakumari 1986 Qualitative

Chlorophacinone

Northern bobwhite quail 100 258 2.88

-- Mortalities occurred ≤ 5 days after gavage,

observed 30 days) 41513101 Acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail Tech. 495

-- -- -- 39233 Supplemental

Diphacinone

## A

- 4 Table A

- 2. Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LD50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/

Reference and classification

Northern bobwhite quail 96.9 1630 NA 190 21 day study 42245201 Supplemental (p revious assessments reported the LD 50 ≥ 400 mg ai/kg

- bwt,

d ata were re

- evaluated and the binomial model provided an adequate fit to the

data )

Northern bobwhite quail -- 2014

-- -- -- Rattner et al 2010 Quantitative

Mallard duck

-- 3158

-- -- -- 00 128411

American kestrel 99.2 98.6 ( 37.9

– 219) 6.69+

- 2.94 98

- 127 7

- day study, 8

- 47 hrs for

mortalities Rattner et al 2011

Quantitative

Bromethalin

Northern bobwhite quail 96.3, 4.6 (3.6

- 5.8) 3.6

-- -- 00086742, acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail 96.3, 11.0 (9.3

- 13.1) -- -- -- 00086741 Ecoref No. 150772, acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail 96.3, < 160

-- -- 100% mortality on Day 2 Ecoref No. 150787 (van Lier et al. 1980), Qualitative

Chicken ( female ) leghorn strain 95.4 8.3 (2.2, 11.5) 3.0 (0.9, 5.2) 1400 14day study

Mortalities from 1

- 7 days 101542

## A

- 5 Table A

- 2. Avian Acute Dietary Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LC50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/Reference and classification

Brodifacoum

Northern bobwhite quail 94 1.33 (0, 2.96) 22 g 40

- day study, most mortalities between day 3

and 10 00124477 Acceptable

Mallard duck

-- 2.75 (0.07, 7.93) 0.6 (0.2, 1.0)

-- 40

- day study, most mortalities between day 6

and 14 00124476 Acceptable

Difethialone

Northern bobwhite quail 96 0.56 (0.16, 1.9), NA 30 g 30

- day study, mortalities day 2

- 23 406969

- 01 Acceptable

Mallard duck 99.5 1.4 (0.7

- 5.1) NA 68 g 30

- day study, mortalities day 2

- 21 40268912 and 42687703, Acceptable

Warfarin

Northern bobwhite quail 100 625 NA 33 g 15 day study, most deaths days 3

- 7, one day

10 153365, acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail Tech. 3000

-- -- -- 117979, supplemental

Northern bobwhite quail 100 3900

-- -- -- 161724, acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail 100 6690 (2537, 551690) 1.1 (0.3, 1.9) 21 g 15 day study, deaths from day 3

- 9 156283, supplemental,

Mallard duck 100 890 NA 19 day study, deaths from day 3

- 16 153366, acceptable,

Mallard duck Tech. 1726

-- -- -- 157812, acceptable

Mallard duck 100 > 5000

-- -- -- 156285, supplemental

Chlorophacinone

Northern bobwhite quail 100 56 1.49

-- (mortalities

occurred ≤ 9 days after test start, observed 30 days) 41513102 Acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail Tech. 242

-- -- 14 day study 29144 Supplemental

## A

- 6 Table A

- 2. Avian Acute Dietary Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LC50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/Reference and classification

Mallard duck 100 172

-- -- 8 day study 41513103 Acceptable

Mallard duck Tech 426

-- -- 14 day study 29143 supplemental

J apanese quail 0.25% 60

-- -- 8 day study 47323201 supplemental

Diphacinone

Northern bobwhite quail 96.9 >5000 NA 19 22

- day test, mortalities day 4

- 18 424088

- 01

Acceptable

Mallard duck 96.9 906

(187, 35110) 0.5

(0.2, 0.8) 185 25

- day test, most

mortalities from 3

- 8 days, all mortalities less than 16 days 424088

- 02

Acceptable

Bromethalin

Northern bobwhite quail 96.3 210 (150, 310) 3.7 (1.8, 5.6) 20.7 g Observed 8 days,

mortalities 1

- 5 days 00086744, Acceptable

Northern bobwhite quail 96.3 > 50 (20% mortality at 50 ppm) -- -- Observed 8 days, MRID 00086745

Ecoref No. 150767, Qualitative

Northern bobwhite quail 96.3 > 200 (40% mortality at 200 ppm) -- -- Observed 5 days, Ecoref No. 150784, Qualitative

Mallard duck 96.3 620 (450, 990) 5.0 (1.7, 8.2) 129 g Observed 8 days,

mortalities 1

- 7 days MRID 00086746, Acceptable

## A

- 7 Table A

- 4

. Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LD50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/Reference and classification

Brodifacoum

Laboratory rat 96.1 Male: 0.42 (0.35

- 0.50)

Female: 0.56 (0.47

- 0.67) -- Males:

224

- 311 g

Females:

186

- 250 g Time to death occurred

3

- 8 days after dosing. 42687501 Acceptable

Mouse, males only Tech 0.4 NA 30

- 35 g Mortalite s days 4

- 12, observed 21 days 87131

Richa rdson’s ground squirrel -- 0.13 (0.06

- 0.19)

-- -- -- 48638401

Baril and Pallister 1981

Mink 2.5 9.2 NA Males

– 1500 g

Female

– 900 g Mortality days 6

- 11,

observed 6 weeks. 00080248 supplemental Ringer and Aulerich 1978

Pine vole

-- 0.36 (0.22

- 0.59)

-- -- -- Byers 1978 Qualitative Meadow vole

-- 0.72 (0.53

- 0.98)

-- -- --

Beagle dog

-- 0.25

- 1.0

-- -- -- 00087134 *

Cat

-- ~25

-- 2

- 3 kg 8 days (only one death since sample was 2 cats) 00087134 *

Dutch rabbit, male only tech 0.29

-- 850 g

- 1 kg 4

- 12 days (21

- day study) 00128426 *

Pig

-- 0.5

- 2.0

-- 18

- 32 kg 6

- 8 days 00080246 *

Guinea pig

-- 2.8

-- 450

- 520 g 7

- 13 days 00087133 *

Sheep

-- >25

-- -- -- 00080247 *

Difethialone

Laboratory rat 98.9% M: 0.55 (0.53

- 0.57)

F: 0.58 (0.56

- 0.60) Combined: 0.56 (0.53,0.59) 15 (10, 20) 230 21

- day study, mortalities from days 4

- 12 40268903. acceptable

Laboratory mouse tech 1.29 (0.73

- 1.85) 2.07 +/

- 0.90 17

- 25 g 9 days 40268904. Acceptable

## A

- 8 Table A

- 4

. Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LD50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/Reference and classification

Roof rat

-- 0.38 (warfarin resistant)

-- -- --

Lechevin, J.C. and R.M. Poché. 1988 qualitative House mouse

-- 0.47 (not warfarin resistant) 0.48 (warfarin resistant) -- -- --

Norway rat (wild)

-- 0.29 (not warfarin resistant) 0.51 (warfarin resistant) -- -- --

Hare

-- 0.75

-- -- --

Pig

-- 2

- 3

-- -- --

Dog tech 11.8 (6.6

- 21.2)

-- 10

- 16 kg 18 days 41442201 *

Cat

-- >16

-- -- -- LiphaTech, Inc, 1997 qualitative

Warfarin

Laboratory rat 100 3.0 (male)

-- 196

-- 05002272 (Gaines 1960) supplemental

Laboratory rat

-- 2.5

- 5.0(females)

-- -- -- 00143093 *

Laboratory rat

-- 35.7 (male)

41.9 (female) -- -- -- EPA 1982 Quantitative

Laboratory rat NA 512 (male) <10 (female) NA 200 14 day observation

Deaths 1

- 10 days 00 146977

Cat 100 < 2.5

-- 1.75

- 3.30 kg went to 14 days

mortalities btw 1

- 10 days 00002461 *

Chlorophacinone

Laboratory rat 100% 3.15 (male) 10.95 (female) 6.26 (combined) -- -- mortalities occurred 4 to 9 days after dosing 41875301 Acceptable

Black

- tailed Prairie Dogs 99.4% 1.94 (1.46, 5.77) 3.45

-- mortalities occurred 9 to 22 days after dosing) 47333601 Supplemental

## A

- 9 Table A

- 4

. Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LD50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/Reference and classification

Pine vole 14.2 (11.4, 17.6) 0.81

-- -- Byers 1978 qualitative

Diphacinone

Lab oratory rat, males only tech 1.9 (1.4, 2.3) NA >175 14

- day study, mortalities from days 2

- 9 05002272 (Gaines 1960) supplemental

Lab oratory rat tech 2.46

-- -- -- 00060605 *

Pine vole 57.7 (34.4, 94.3) 0.60

-- -- Byers 1978

Ecotox Ref # J69367 Qualitative Meadow vole 14.0 (8.8, 22.1) 0.63

-- --

Pine vole 102 (55, 188) (suspected resistant strain) 0.54

-- --

coyote tech 0.6 (0.3, 1.25)

-- -- Observed 21 days, time

to death 6

- 14 days 00079312

, Savarie et al. 1979 qualitative

mongoose tech 0.18 (0.15, 0.27) 5.2 (2.2, 8.2) NA Observed 21 days, time

to death 3

- 14 days 40565501 Supplemental

Cats and dogs

-- Ranged from 0.88 to 15

-- -- -- LiphaTech, Inc, 1997 qualitative

Bromethalin

Laboratory rat 98.3 Female: 2.11 (1.71

- 2.55) Male: 3.17 (2.54

- 5.41) Combined: 2.59 (2.2

- 3.0 ) 6.51

-- 14

- day study MRID 44775101, acceptable

Laboratory rat TGAI in

PEG

- 200 Females : 2.0 ± 0.2

Males : 2.4 ± 0.1 Combined: 2.2 (2.0, 2.5) 7.2 (4.7, 9.7) 110

- 135 g Mortalities from 1

- 5 days 00026523

minimum

Laboratory rat TGAI in

Acacia Females : 9.1 ± 1.2

Males : 10.7 ± 1.3 -- 110

- 135 g 14

- day study

24

- 48 hrs 00026523

minimum

Roof rat

-- 6.6

-- -- -- Jackson et al. 1982 qualitative

Mouse TGAI in

PEG

- 200 Females : 8.1 ± 0.6

Males : 5.3 ± 0.6 -- 15

- 19 g 14

- day study 00026523

minimum

## A

- 10 Table A

- 4

. Mammalian Acute Oral Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LD50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime

to death MRID/Reference and classification

Mouse TGAI in

Acacia Females : 28.9 ± 5.0

Males : 35.9 ± 3.4 -- 15

- 19 g 14

- day study

24

- 48 hrs 00026523

minimum

Rabbit TGAI in

PEG

- 200 12.6 ± 2.3

-- 3.4 +/

- 0.1 kg 24

- 48 hrs 00026523

minimum

Dog TGAI in

PEG

- 200 4.8 ± 3.3

-- 5.5

- 12.9 kg 24 hrs 00026523

minimum

Dog TGAI in capsule Between 5 and 10

-- -- -- 00026523

minimum

Cat TGAI in

PEG

- 200 1.8 ± 0.9

-- 2.1

- 5.6 kg 24

- 48 hrs 00026523

minimum

Cat TGAI in capsule 100

-- -- -- 0026523

Minimum

* H ED or RD DER not located, upon EFED review data presumed to meet ‘qualitatitive’ classification

## A

- 11 Table A

- 5

. Mammalian Acute Dietary Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LC 50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime to

death MRID/Reference and classification

Brodifacoum

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 0.53 (0.45

- 0.68) NA (binomial) 60

- 74g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 14 Teeters 1981 (TNM 110) Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 0.55 (0.45

- 0.68) NA (binomial) 60

- 74g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 11 Teeters 1981 (TNM 112) Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 0.57 (0.53, 0.61) 24.4 (10.3, 38.5) 92

- 120g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 5

- 13 Teeters 1981 (TNM 50) Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 0.55 (0.45

- 0.68) NA (binomial) 80

- 119g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 8 Teeters 1981 (TNM 79) Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 0.84 (0.67

- 1.06) 7.1 (3.2, 10.9) 96

- 120g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 13 Teeters 1981 (TNM 50) Supplementa1

Difethialone

– no data

Warfarin

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 4.41 (3.43

- 5.64) 5.4 (2.8, 8.0) 60

- 74g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 3

- 9 Teeters 1981 ( TNM 126 ) Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 5.43 (4.23

- 7.00) 5.1 (2.8, 7.5) 91

- 120g Observed 14 days

, mortalities days 3

- 10 Teeters 1981 ( TNM 68 ) Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 5. 91 (4.66,

7.51 ) 5.9 (3.9, 8.8) 61

- 75 g Observed 14 days

, mortalities days 3

- 9 Teeters 1981 ( TNM 122 ) Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) 98 6.03 (4.45

- 8.20) 3.6 (2.0, 5.3) 81

- 116 g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 9 Teeters 1981 (TNM 50) Supplementa1

Mink

-- 11.7 (9.2, 15.0) 2.0

-- -- Aulerich et al. 1987 (E039689) qualitative

Black

- tailed prairie dogs 99 97 .6 (23.7, 185.1) 1.38 (0.5, 2.3) > 675 g (female)

> 7 75 g (male) 15

- day feeding exposure,

observed total 25 days.

mortalities from 8

- 22 days E 66881 Mach et al. 2002, Qualitative

Chlorophacinone

## A

- 12 Table A

- 5

. Mammalian Acute Dietary Toxicity Studies

Rodenticide/

Species % a.i. LC 50, mg/kg (95% CI) Probit slope (95% CI) Average Body Weight (day=0) Study length and t ime to

death MRID/Reference and classification

Laboratory rat (Albino) Tech 1.14 (1.02

- 1.36) 13.2 (4.5, 21.9) 90

- 114 g Observed 14 days,

mortalities 5

- 8 days Teeters 1981 (TNM 66 ), Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) Tech 1.26 (0.97

- 1.64) NA, binomial

method 87

- 116 g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 5

- 12 Teeters 1981 (TNM 74), Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) Tech 1.14 (0.98

- 1.35) 7.2 (3.8, 10.6) 60

- 72 g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 12 Teeters 1981 (TNM 117), Supplementa1

Laboratory rat (Albino) tech 1.26 (1.11

- 1.47) 9.9 (4.9, 14.9) 58

- 74 g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 8 Teeters 1981 (TNM 120), Supplementa1

Diphacinone

Laboratory rat (Albino) 99.9 2.54 (1.79, 3.19) 6.7 (2.2, 11.2) 93

- 120 g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 10 Teeters 1981 (TNM 51) Supplemental

Laboratory rat (Albino) 99.9 2.08 (1.57, 2.76) 4.2 (2.3, 6.1) 91

- 120 g Observed 14 days, mortalities days 4

- 12 Teeters 1981 (TNM 75), Supplementa1

Bromethalin

Laboratory rat (wistar strain) NA 5.5 NA (binomial NA Dose group avg days till death ranged from 1.8 to 7.0 Jackson et al 1982 Quantitative

Roof rat NA 7.2 (5.0, 9.2) 5.1 (2.6, 7.6) NA Dose group avg days till death ranged from 4.3 to

10.0 Jackson et al 1982 Quantitative

House mouse NA 14.1 NA (binomial) NA Dose group avg days till death ranged from 3.2 to 6.6 Jackson et al 1982 Quantitative

## A

- 13 Toxicity citations from the 2004 comparative that were not included in this paper.

Brodificoum: Godfrey, M.E.R. 1986. An evaluation of the acute

- oral toxicity of brodifacoum to

birds. Proc. Vertebr. Pest Conf. 12:78

- 81. Reported LD 50 

## values for 11 bird species. Godfrey’s results are characterized by high uncertainty as no raw data were a vailable, the majority of species were wild

- caught, no control birds were used, some individuals had high levels of lead in their livers (evidence of environmental stress prior to capture), and individuals were reported as not eating and sustaining injurie s (evidence of capture stress).

Brodificoum: MRID 00080232. Fink, R.; Grimes, J. (1979) Final Report: Forty

- day Dietary

LC50

-- Laughing Gull: Project No. 123

- 125. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1981 under

10182

- 38; prepared by Wildlife International Ltd., submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 245704

- B). DER invalidated study for laughing gulls ( Leucophaeus atricilla ) as a vitamin K derivative was added in the feed. In addition, it is unclear if the rat meat fed to the

birds containe d a specified concentration of test material, or if the rats were fed a specified concentration of test material. In addition, each pen of birds was offered varying quantities of rat

meat.

Brodificoum: MRID: 80236

. Fink, R.; Grimes, J.; Beavers, J.B.; et al. (1979) Final Report: Forty

- day Dietary LC50

-- Laughing Gull: Project No. 123

- 126. (Unpublished study received Jul 22, 1981 under 10182

- 38; pre

- pared by Wildlife International Ltd. and Washington College, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington , De l.; CDL:245704

- F). DER invalidated study as a vitamin K derivative was added in the feed. In addition, birds were not acclimated to ground rat meat prior to start of test and feed consumption of rat meet increased over time during chemical

exposure.

Brod ificoum: MRID: 87129. Hadler, M.R. (1974) Acute Oral Toxicity of WBA8119 to Male Rattus norvegicus. (Unpublished study received Jan 3, 1978 under 10182

- EX

- 10; prepared by Ward Blenkinsop and Co., Ltd., submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.;

C DL:232752

- D). DER not found; appears to be data reporting error in original study report (for dose = 0.2 mg a.i./kg

- bwt, unclear if 0 or 1 mortalities occurred).

Brodificoum: Two vole studies: LD 50 

## = 0.2 (0.11

- 0.32) and LC 50 

## = 1.4 (0.77

- 2.0) . Cited from HED database; references could not be located.

Brodificoum : Godfrey, M.E.R. 1985. Non

- target and secondary poisoning hazards of "second generation" anticoagulants. Acta Zoologica Fennica 173:209

- 212. The possum LD 50 

## = 0.17 was cited as a personal communi cation with no additional information.

Difethialone: MRID: 40791403. Harling, R.; Burford, P.; Fryer, S.; et al. (1986) LM

- 2219 Oral Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs: Laboratory Project ID 119G/86199. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Cent re Ltd., England. 166 p. This reference provides a 13

- week exposure of difethialone to dogs; it does not provide an acute oral LD 50 

## value.

## A

- 14 Warfarin: MRID 2461. Til, H.P.; Spanjers, M.T.; Sinkeldam , E.J. (1974) Acute and Sub

- acute Oral Toxicity Studies with Pyranocumarin and Warfarin in Cats, Hens and Quail: Rapport Nr. R 4358. (Unpublished study received Jun 15, 1977 under 655

- 539; prepared by Central Insti

- tute
for Nutrition and Food Research f or Schering AG., submitted by Prentiss Drug and Chemical Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.; CDL: 230856

- A) This reference was attributed to rat toxicity data (LD 50 

## between 2.5 and 20 mg ai/kg

- bwt) in the 2004 comparative assessment. Errors corrected in this paper.

Warfarin: USFWS. 1993. Biological Opinion: Effects of 16 Vertebrate Control Agents On

T hreatened and Endangered Species. March, 1993. Reprinted by EPA. 168 pp. Reported d og
LD 50 

## between 20

- 50 mg ai/kg

- bwt; data could not be located.

Warfarin: Back, N., R. Steger, and J.M. Glassman. 1978. Comparative acute oral toxicity of sodium warfarin and microcrystalline warfarin in the Sprague

- Dawley rat. Pharmacol. Research

Comm. 10:445

- 452. Study conducted on warfarin sodium (PCcode 086003), not warfarin;

insuff icient details to determine if endpoints were listed in terms of warfarin.

Warfarin: MRID 05002258. Hagan, E.C. and J.L. Radomski. 1953. The toxicity of 3

- (acetonylbenzyl)

- 4

- hydroxycoumarin (warfarin) to laboratory animals. J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc.

42:379

- 382. Study conducted on warfarin sodium (PCcode 086003), not warfarin; insufficient details to determine if endpoints were listed in terms of warfarin or sodium warfarin.

Diphacinone and chlorophacinone: Clark, J.P. 1994. Vertebrate Pest Control Handbo ok. (4 th 

## ed.) California Dept. Food and Agriculture, Sacramento. 803 pp. available at: http://www.vpcrac.org/about/handbook.php . Bird and mammal acute oral toxicity data for several species; insufficie nt information available to use qualitatively or quantitatively in risk

assessment.

Bromethalin: One rabbit study : LD 50 

## = 2.4 and 2.0 (males and females, respectively). Cit ed from HED database; references could not be located.

## A

- 15