NASA / TMm2001-210972

Baseline Testing of the EV Global E-Bike SX

Dennis J. Eichenberg, John S. Kolacz, and Paul E Tavernelli

Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Glenn Research Center

June 2001
Trade names or manufacturers' names are used in this report for

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Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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BASELINE TESTING OF THE EV GLOBAL E-BIKE SX

Dennis J. Eichenberg, John S. Kolacz, and Paul F. Tavernelli

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Glenn Research Center

Cleveland, Ohio 44135

SUMMARY

The NASA John H. Glenn Research Center initiated baseline testing of the EV Global EBike SX as an update of the state of the art in hybrid electric bicycles. The E-bike is

seen as a way to reduce pollution in urban areas, reduce fossil fuel consumption and

reduce operating costs for transportation systems. The work was done under the Hybrid

Power Management (HPM) Program, which includes the Hybrid Electric Transit Bus

(HETB). The SX is a high performance, state of the art, ground up, hybrid electric

bicycle. Unique features of the SX's 36 volt power system include the use of an efficient,

400 watt, electric hub motor, and a 7-speed derailleur system that permits operation as

fully electric, fully pedal, or a combination of the two. Other innovative features, such as

regenerative braking through ultracapacitor energy storage, are planned. Regenerative

braking recovers much of the kinetic energy of the vehicle during deceleration. The

E-Bike is an inexpensive approach to advance the state of the art in hybrid technology

in a practical application. The project transfers space technology to terrestrial use via

non-traditional partners, and provides power system data valuable for future space

applications. A description of the SX, the results of performance testing, and future

vehicle development plans are given in this report. The report, concludes that the

SX provides excellent performance, and that the implementation of ultracapacitors in

the power system can provide significant performance improvements.

INTRODUCTION

The NASA Glenn Research Center initiated baseline testing of the EV Global E-Bike SX

as an excellent opportunity to transfer technology from the aerospace and military

industries to a commercial venture. The project is seen as a way to reduce pollution in

urban areas, reduce fossil fuel consumption and reduce operating costs for

transportation systems.

The NASA Glenn Research Center provides overall project coordination and is

responsible for testing the vehicle. This includes instrumenting the vehicle and

developing instrumentation and control programs. Wherever practical, off-the-shelf

components have been integrated into the test configuration.

TEST OBJECTIVES

Testing of the vehicle was performed at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Of particular

interest are the following characteristics: range, vehicle speed, and acceleration time.

The performance of the various vehicle components, especially the motor, controller,

energy storage system, and charger are also of interest.

NAS A/TM--2001-210972 1
TEST VEHICLE DESCRIPTION

The E-Bike SX is a high performance, state of the art, ground up, hybrid electric bicycle.

The vehicle is shown in Figs. 1 and described in detail in Appendix A. The E-Bike SX

is a parallel hybrid vehicle as shown in Fig. 2. As a parallel hybrid vehicle, power is

provided to the drive wheel from an internal electric hub motor, or through the pedals

via a 7-speed derailleur, or a combination of the two.

The energy storage system consists of a single block, 36-volt, 8-amp hour sealed lead

acid, deep discharge battery to store electrical energy. The battery charger is built into

the battery pack. The charger is rated at 36 volts, 2 amps DC. The complete battery

pack including the charger is shown in Fig. 3. The battery pack is quickly removed from

the vehicle if so desired. This permits the quick installation of another battery pack, as

well as charging of the battery pack outside of the vehicle.

The electric traction motor shown in Fig. 4 is a 500-Watt DC brushed electric hub motor.

This is a direct drive system with no drive train losses. A pulse width modulated motor

controller allows for efficient speed control over a wide speed range. The motor

controller includes cruise control to maintain constant speed.

The vehicle incorporates Department of Transportation specified safety features

including lights, mirror, and horn.

Fig. 1 - EV Global E-Bike SX on Dynamometer

NASA/TM--2001-210972 2
Fig. 2 - E-Bike Schematic Diagram

RIDER

INPUT

ENERGY FLOW

_._[ PEDALS

_I MOTOR

CONTROL

t

BATTERY BATTERY

CHARGER

t_ SEVEN

SPEED

GEARS

m

H VEHICLE

ACCESSORIES

PARALLEL HYBRID SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

DRIVE

WHEEL

Fig. 3 - Battery Pack

NASA/TM--2001-210972 3
Fig. 4 - Hub Motor

INSTRUMENTATION

The E-Bike SX was instrumented to measure vehicle speed, distance, and load. These

data were sent to an off-board digital data acquisition system, sampled continuously and

stored on a desktop PC. Additional channels measured the battery voltage and current,

as well as the following temperatures: traction motor, motor controller, battery, and the

ambient temperature. These data were sent to an off-board digital data acquisition

system and stored on a laptop PC. Power for the data acquisition system, was derived

from the Building 86 utility system. The instrumentation configuration is described in

Appendix B.

Battery charging power requirements were determined from measuring the battery

charger voltage and current. The battery temperature was also monitored. These data

were sent to an off-board digital data acquisition system, sampled once a minute and

stored on a laptop PC.

NASA/TM--2001-210972 4
TEST PROCEDURES

The tests described in this report were conducted on a dynamometer at the NASA Glenn

Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. A description of the dynamometer is given in

Appendix C. The tests were conducted in accordance with the test matrix provided in

Appendix D.

TEST RESULTS

Vehicle Performance

Eight tests were conducted to determine vehicle performance, and one test was

conducted to characterize battery charging, per Table 1:

Table 1 - Performance Tests Conducted on the E-Bike

Test

Number

Grade

(%)

0

Vehicle

Mode

Normal

2 0 Normal

3 0 Normal

Top Vehicle

Speed

5 mph

10 mph

Maximum

4 +8 Normal Maximum

5 0

0

+8

+8

N/A

6

7

8

Economy

Normal

Economy

Normal

9 N/A

Maximum

Maximum

Maximum

Maximum

N/A

Range test.

Range test.

Driving Cycle

Range test.

Range test.

Acceleration test.

Acceleration test.

Acceleration test.

Acceleration test.

Battery charging test.

A similar set of plots have been included in Appendix E for each of the vehicle tests:

a. Vehicle speed and vehicle power vs. elapsed time.

b. Vehicle battery voltage, current, and power vs. elapsed time.

c. Component temperatures vs. elapsed time.

The battery-charging plot indicates the charging ac voltage, current and power, as well

as the ambient and battery temperatures.

A summary of the test results is shown in Table 2 at the end of this section.

NASA/TM--2001-210972 5
Maximum Speed

The maximum speed of the vehicle was measured to be 17.3 mph with no grade under

full power. Figure 5 indicates the maximum speeds achieved at various grades, as well

as the various powers that were obtained.

Figure 5 - Maximum Speed for Various Grades

Max Speed

MPH

20 ....

15

10

5

0

0

% Grade

Ecomony

Watts

Max Watts

5oo-[............

400t-J"J

100

0

0

8

% Grade

Normal

Ecomony

NASA/TM--2001-210972 6
Acceleration

The average acceleration, an, of the vehicle is computed as a change in vehicle speed

as a function of time.

Vn--Vn-I

a n _-- ..........

tn -- tn-_

Acceleration times are given in Table 2,

Range

The range of the vehicle was determined from the dynamometer tests under full electric

operation. This yields a range of 36.39 miles for no grade in the normal mode with an

initial speed of 5 mph.

Fig, 6 - Range in Normal Mode with 0% Grade

Distance @ 0 Grade

Distance

in miles

40

3O

20

10

0

5 10 17.3

Initial & Max Speed MPH

Time @ 0 Grade

_

6

Time in

Hours 4

2

m

0

5 10 17.3

Initial & Max Speed MPH

NASA/TM--2001-210972 7
Range

The range of the vehicle was determined from the dynamometer tests under full electric

operation. This yields a range of 36.39 miles for no grade in the normal mode with an

initial speed of 5 mph.

Fig. 6 - Range in Normal Mode with 0% Grade

Distance @ 0 Grade

Distance

in miles

4O

3O

2O

10

0

5 10 17.3

Initial & Max Speed M PH

Time @ 0 Grade

Time in

Hours

8

J

6

2 L iiiilrll il :::::,:

0

5 10 17.3

Initial & Max Speed MPH

NAS A/TM--2001-210972 8
Fig. 7 - Range in Normal Mode with Various Grades

Range Distance

Distance

in miles

@max

Speed

20

15

10

5

0

0

% Grade

8

Range Time

1.00

0.80

Time in

0.60

Hours @

max Speed 0.40

0.20

0.00

0

% Grade

8

NAS A/TM--2001-210972 9
Summary

An overall summary of the vehicle testing is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 - Summary of Test Results for the EV Global E-Bike SX

Parameter

Range

5 mph Initial Speed

10 mph Initial Speed 26.94 miles

2.71 hrs

17.3 mph Initial Speed 0(_ Grade, Normal Mode 16.19 miles

0.96 hrs

Top Speed 0% Grade, Normal Mode 17.3 mph

Acceleration Times

5 mph

10 mph

17.3 mph

Battery Charging

Time

Maximum AC Current

Maximum AC Power

Total Energy

Test Conditions Test Results

0% Grade, Normal Mode 36.39 miles

6.77 hrs

0% Grade, Normal Mode

Remarks

Maximum speed.

0% Grade, Normal Mode 0.99 sec

0% Grade, Normal Mode 4.26 sec

0% Grade, Normal Mode 20.27 sec Maximum speed.

123.2 VAC Line 4.3 hrs

123.2 VAC Line 1.3 amps

123.2 VAC Line 160 watts

123.2 VAC Line 0.452 kWh

Battery discharged to cutoff

(27 VDC) by SX.

NAS A/TM--2001-210972 10
CONCLUDING REMARKS

The EV Global E-Bike SX as tested and described in this report is a commercially

available, high performance vehicle that is fully prepared for the mass market. The

vehicle exhibited no problems under the rigorous test conditions that it was exposed to.

The performance of the vehicle proved to be excellent.

The range performance of the vehicle was extraordinary. The range of 36.4 miles that

was achieved with an initial speed of 5 mph with no grade is more than twice the

advertised range of 15 miles. The vehicle operated for 6.8 hours under these conditions.

At an initial speed of 10 mph with no grade, a range of 26.9 miles was achieved. The

vehicle operated for 2.7 hours under these conditions. At maximum throttle with no

grade, a range of 16.2 miles was achieved. The vehicle operated for almost one hour

under these conditions.

The top speed of the vehicle with no grade and full throttle was 17.3 mph, which is just

slightly under the advertised 17.5-mph. 17.3 mph is greater than the normal average

bicycle riding speed. The acceleration of the vehicle was phenomenal, with a 0 to 10-

mph time of 4.2 seconds.

Future plans for the E-Bike calls for the testing of the vehicle with regenerative braking.

Ultracapacitors will be used for regenerative braking, because of their superiority to

batteries in accepting high braking currents, allowing for less usage of the mechanical

brakes. A photovoltaic charging station will be assembled and tested, to permit the

effective use of the E-Bike in remote locations with no dependence upon the utilities.

NASA/TM--2001-210972 11
APPENDIX A

VEHICLE SUMMARY DATA SHEET

1.0 Vehicle Manufacturer

2.0 Vehicle

3.0

4.0

5.0

Vehicle Configuration

Traction Motor

4.1 Traction Motor Configuration

4.2 Traction Motor Power

4.3 Traction Motor Cooling

Drivetrain

5.1 Traction Motor Drivetrain

5.2 Pedal Drivetrain

5.1.1 Transmission Type

5.1.2 Front Chain Ring

5.1.3 Rear Cluster

5.1.4 Gear Ratio

5.1.5 Crankarm

5.1.6 Chain

6.0 Vehicle Dimensions

6.1 Wheel Base

6.2 Frame Size (center to top)

6.3 Head Tube

6.4 Headset Stack Height

6.5 Headset Dimensions

6.6 Fork Steerer Tube

6.7 Fork Travel

6.8 Stem 1

6.9 Stem 2

6.10 Handlebar Width

6.11 Handlebar Rise

6.12 Handlebar Handle

6.13 Seat Post

6.14 Seat Post Spacer

6.15 Tires

6.16 Front Rim

6.17 Rear Rim

6.18 Front Spokes

6.19 Rear Spokes

6.19 Bottom Bracket

6.20 Base Curb Weight

6.21 Total Weight (as tested)

EV Global Motors Company

Los Angeles, CA

E-Bike SX Model

Parallel Hybrid

DC brushed

500 watts

Air cooled

Direct Drive

7-speed Shimano derailleur

38 teeth

14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28 teeth

0.368, 0.421, 0.474, 0.526, 0.579,

0.632, 0.737

6.7 in (170 mm)

1/2x 3/32 x 110 L

41.8 in (1062.3 mm)

16.5 in (419 cm)

6.4 in (163 mm)

1.30 in (33 mm)

25.4 mm x 34 mm x 30 mm w/seal

1-1/8 in

75 mm

15 degrees, 110 mm extension

28.6 mm x 25.4 mm x 150 mm

with quill

660 mm

30 mm, 10 degrees

200 mm

350 mm x 27.2 mm O.D.

100 mm x 27.3 I.D. x 34.9 mm O.D.

26 x 1.95 in

26 x 1.5 in, 14G x 32H, double wall

26 x 1.5 in, 14G x 36H, double wall

266 mm, 14G stainless

216 mm, 14G stainless

127 mm cartridge

82 Ib

282 Ib

NAS AITM--2001-210972 12
7.0 Energy Storage

7.1 Battery Pack

7.1.1

7.1.2

7.1.3

7.1.4

7.1.5

7.1.6

7.1.7

7.1.8

Configuration

Battery Type

Battery Energy Rating

Battery Voltage Rating

Charger Input

Charger Output

Dimensions

Weight

Single block with integral charger

Deep discharge, sealed lead acid

8 amp hours

36 volts

115 volts ac, 60 Hz, 2 amps

36 volts dc, 2 amps

15 in x 4 in x 4 in

24 Ib

NAS A/TM--2001-210972 13
APPENDIX B

DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM

A block diagram of the instrumentation system is shown in Fig. B-I.

The vehicle dynamometer has an integral instrumentation system that monitors vehicle

speed, distance, and power. These data are sampled at 3 Hz and transmitted to the

desktop PC via a serial interface. The PC logs the dynamometer data.

All other measurements were obtained with a Hewlett Packard data acquisition system,

sampling at 100 Hz. Type K thermocouples were used for all temperature

measurements. Hall effect transducers were used for all current measurements. These

data are transmitted to the laptop PC via a serial interface. The PC logs the data.

Fig. B-1

DYNAMOMETER

INTERFACE

DESKTOP

PC LAPTOP

PC

MOTOR TEMP

BATTERY TEMP

CONTROLTEMP _'

AMBIENT TEMP _'

BATI'ERY VOLT _'

BA'R'ERY CUR _'

CHARGER VOLT _'

CHARGER CUR _'

SIGNAL

CONDITIONER

VEHICLE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM

VEHICLE

DYNAMOMETER

DIGITAL

DATA

ACQUISITION

SYSTEM

NASA/TM--2001-210972 14
APPENDIX C

DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE DYNAMOMETER

The vehicle dynamometer used to conduct the tests described in this report is the

CompuTrainer Pro Challenge PC1 Model 8001. It is a high performance,

microprocessor controlled, indoor dynamometer designed for bicycle use. The

electronic load generator is capable of creating resistance loads from 50 to 1500 watts to

simulate road grades to 15%. The dynamometer is shown in Fig. 2.

Tests documented in this report were conducted with the dynamometer programmed to

meet the test matrix requirements.

APPENDIX D

DESCRIPTION OF TEST CYCLES

Testing of the vehicle was based on the test matrix shown in table D-1.

Table D-1 EV Global E-Bike SX Test Matrix

PARAMETER CONDITIONS

Acceleration

Range

Top Speed

Batter_ Charging

To maximum speed at 0% and 8% grades in the normal and economy,, mode of operation.

To maximum speed at 0% and 8% grades in the nomlal mode of operation. To 5 mph and 10 mph at

0% grade in the normal mode of operation.

To maximum speed at 0% grade in the normal mode of operation.

From batter'), discharged to 27 volts, to full charge.

APPENDIX E

VEHICLE PERFORMANCE TEST RESULTS

A complete set of plots of the test results are included here. Table 1 identifies the tests

that were conducted.

NASA/TM--2001-210972 15
Range 0Grade 5MPH

_o 8

_ --_. 6

• 2

e_

¢_ 0

0 2 4 6

Time Hrs

[ R Speed W atts/1 0 / TestDate2/13/01

O 15

10

m 0

Range 0G rade 1 0M PH

3

J

0 1 2 3

Time Min.

speed W atts/1 0 t Test Date 2/14/01

Range 0Grade Max MPH

60

==°40 i

_20

" 0-_

¢.t)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6

Time Hrs

[-- Speed W atts/lO I

0.8 1

Test Date2/15/01

NASA,rrM--2001-210972 16
oO

6o!

4O

_2o

0 -

0

Range 8Grade Max MPH

L

i

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Time Hrs

4

,I--speed .... W atts/1 0 ',

I I

Test Date 2/15/01

NASA/TM--200I-210972 17
Acceleration 0Grade Normal Mode

_ 30

2O

u_ 0

0 20 40

Time Sec

[_ Speed ...... Watts/10

Acceleration 0Grade Economy Mode

40

_ 2030 i-- L

,o

m 0

0 10 20 30

Time Sec

I-- Speed Watts/10

40

Test Date 2./14/01 i

NASA/TM--2001-210972 18
Acceleration 8Grade Normal Mode

l

_S 2o

_ 0

0 5 10 15 20 25

Time Sec

-,-- Speed ...... Watts/lO ] Test Date

Acceleration 8Grade Economy Mode

u_,..=_ 25 .......... i J

== 20 ..............................................

_._ 1015

_: 5 - -

ca 0 I

0 10 20 30 40

Time Sec

---- Speed ................... Watts/lO 1 Test Date 2/14/01

NASA/TM--2001-210972 19
Range Test, 0% Grade, 5mph Initial Speed, Normal Mode

45.00 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................

40,00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20,00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Time (hrs)

35.00 1

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.0(

0

Range Test, 0% Grade, 5 mph Initial Speed, Normal Mode

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Time (hr$)

--Mtr Temp (C

Amb Temp (C)

.........Bat Temp (C) /

--Cntd Temp (C)J

NASA/TM--2001-210972 20
45.00

40.0O

35.00

30.00

25,00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5,00 •

0.00

RangeTest, 0% Grade, 10 mph Initial Speed, Normal Mode

J

Batvott<v)!

_Bat Cur (A) J

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Time (hrs)

45.00

Range Test, 0% Grade, 10 mph Initial Speed, Normal Mode

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10,00 -

5,00

0.00

¢

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

TI_ (hrs)

_Mtr Temp (C)

Arab Temp (C)

.......... Bat Temp (C)

----- Cntrl Temp (C)

NASA/TM--2001-210972 21
Range Test, 0% Grade, Maximum Initial Speed, Normal Mode

45.00 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

40.00

35.00

30. O0

25.00

20.00

15.00

1000

500

0.00

02 0.4 0,6 0.8

Time (hrs)

i r

1 1.2

Bat Volt (V) 1

[ --Bat cur_AIi

50.00

45,00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15,00

10.00

5.00

0.00

Range Test, 0% Grade, Maximum Inititial Speed, Normal Mode

--Mtr Temp (C) I

Amb Temp (C)

---.Bat Temp (C)

----Cntrl Temp (C) I

0,2 0.4 0.6 0,8 1 1.2

Time (hrl)

NAS AffM--2001-210972 22
Range Test, 8% Grade, Maximum Initial Speed, Normal Mode

45.00 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

I Bal Volt (V)

i i--BatCur(C)

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Time (hrs)

50.00

45,00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

Range Test, 8% Grade, Maximum Initial Speed, Normal Mode

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Time (his I

--Mtr Temp (C)

Arab Temp (C)

........ Bat Temp (C)

......... Cntd Temp (C) I

NASA/TM--2001-210972 23
Acceleration Test, 0% Grade, Economy Mode

45.00 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

4000

35.00

30.00

25.00

2000

15.00

10.00

500

0.00

- i

I

/ i

5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (sees)

i ]

! i Bat Volt (V) !

i --BatCur(A) [

40.00

Acceleration Test, 0% Grade, Economy Mode

35.00

30.00

25.00

i ' _Mtr Temp (C) 1

........................... ................. ............... _...___....... __ ,]

20.00 Arab Temp (C)

..... Bat Temp (C)

....... Cntrl Temp (C)

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (sees)

NASA/TM--2001-210972 24
Acceleration Test, 0% Grade, Normal Mode

45.00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20,00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

r...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

i

I

I

!

5 lO 15 20 25 30

Time (see)

35

it Bat Voff (V)

ii _Batcur(A)

T

4O

Acceleration Test, 0% Grade, Normal Mode

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (sec)

35 40

Mtr Temp (C)

Arab Temp (C)

.........Bat Temp (C)

--- Cntrl Temp (C)

NASA/TM--2001-210972 25
40.00

35.00

30.00

2500

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

Acceleration Test, 8% Grade, Economy Mode

v vv V V" v vv- V i Bat Volt (V) --Bat Cur (A)

J

4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (sec)

18 2O

45.00

Acceleration Test, 8*/. Grade, Economy Mode

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

_-- ........................................................................................ i J AmbMtr TemPTemp(C)(c)_,]

.... :.....:':................................................................................ "__'1""-_'_"_'_-'_ ................ ?_:.............................. _ ..... _ r .....Bat Temp (C)

t......... Cntd Temp (C)

i ]

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Time (iec)

NASA/TM--2001-210972 26
Acceleration Test, 8% Grade, Normal Mode

45.00 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

v_ _ vv _v v v _V_/VV_Jy_hlv I

I 1i

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Time (sec)

I Bat Voff (V) 1 , --Bat Cur (A)

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

0

Acceleration Test, 8% Grade, Normal Mode

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Time (see)

Mtr Temp (C)

Amg Temp (C)

...........Bat Temp (C)

--,,- Cntrl Temp (C)

NAS A/TM--2001-210972 27
Battery Charging Test

180.00

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

0 1 2 3 4

Time (hrs)

....... Amb Temp (C) i

Bat Temp (C)

_AC Power (W)

NAS A/TM--2001-210972 28

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE

June 2001

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Baseline Testing of the EV Global E-Bike SX

6. AUTHOR(S)

Dennis J. Eichenberg, John S. Kolacz, and Paul F. Tavernelli

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field

Cleveland, Ohio 44135-3191

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

Technical Memorandum

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

WU-251-30-07-00

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

E-12826

10. SPONSORING/MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

NA SA TM--2001-210972

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Responsible person, Denms J. Eichenbe_, o_anization code 7720, 216-433-8360.

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Unclassified - Unlimited

Subject Categories: 31, 33, and 37 Distribution: Nonstandard

Available electronically at htt_://_ltrs.m-c.nasa._ov/GLTRS

This publication is available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information, 301--621-0390.

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The NASA John H. Glenn Research Center initiated baseline testing of the EV Global E-Bike SX as an update of the

state of the art in hybrid electric bicycles. The E-bike is seen as a way to reduce pollution in urban areas, reduce fossil

fuel consumption, and reduce operating costs for transportation systems. The work was done under the Hybrid Power

Management (HPM) Program, which includes the Hybrid Electric Transit Bus (HETB). The SX is a high performance,

state of the art, ground up, hybrid electric bicycle. Unique features of the SX's 36 V power system include the use of an

efficient, 400 W, electric hub motor, and a 7-speed derailleur system that permits operation as fully electric, fully pedal, or

a combination of the two. Other innovative features, such as regenerative braking through ultracapacitor energy storage,

are planned. Regenerative braking recovers much of the kinetic energy of the vehicle during deceleration. The E-Bike is

an inexpensive approach to advance the state of the art in hybrid technology in a practical application. The project

transfers space technology to terrestrial use via nontraditional partners, and provides power system data valuable for

future space applications. A description of the SX, the results of performance testing, and future vehicle development

plans are given in this report. The report concludes that the SX provides excellent performance, and that the implementation of ultracapacitors in the power system can provide significant performance improvements.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

Hybrid electric vehicle

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

34

16. PRICE CODE

19. SECURITYCLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18

298-102