Truss Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997

Issued July 1999

EC97M-3212D

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
The staff of the Manufacturing and Construction Division prepared this report.

Judy M. Dodds, Assistant Chief for Census and Related Programs, was responsible for the overall planning, management, and coordination. Kenneth

Hansen, Chief, Manufactured Durables

Branch, assisted by Mike Brown, Renee

Coley, Raphael Corrado, and Milbren

Thomas, Section Chiefs, Michael Zampogna, Former Chief, Manufactured Nondurables Branch, assisted by Allen Foreman, Robert Miller, Robert Reinard,

and Nat Shelton, Section Chiefs, and Tom

Lee, Robert Rosati, and Tom Flood,

Special Assistants, performed the planning

and implementation. Stephanie Angel,

Brian Appert, Stanis Batton, Carol Beasley, Chris Blackburn, Larry Blumberg, Vera Harris-Bourne, Brenda

Campbell, Suzanne Conard, Vance

Davis, Mary Ellickson, Matt Gaines,

Merry Glascoe, Kay Hanks, Karen

Harshbarger, Nancy Higgins, James

Hinckley, Walter Hunter, Jim Jamski,

Evelyn Jordan, Robert Lee, John Linehan, Paul Marck, Keith McKenzie,

Philippe Morris, Joanna Nguyen, Betty

Pannell, Joyce Pomeroy, Venita Powell,

Cynthia Ramsey, Chris Savage,

Aronda Stovall, Sue Sundermann, Thanos Theodoropoulos, Dora Thomas,

Ann Truffa, Ronanne Vinson, Denneth

Wallace, Tempie Whittington, Lissene

Witt, and Mike Yamaner provided primary staff assistance.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief for

Research and Methodology Programs,

assisted by Stacey Cole, Chief, Manufacturing Programs Methodology Branch, and

Robert Struble, Section Chief, provided

the mathematical and statistical techniques as well as the coverage operations.

Jeffrey Dalzell and Cathy Ritenour provided primary staff assistance.

Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Forms, Publications, and Customer Services Branch,

assisted by Julius Smith Jr. and Baruti

Taylor, Section Chiefs, performed overall

coordination of the publication process.

Kim Credito, Patrick Duck, Chip

Murph, Wanda Sledd, and Veronica

White provided primary staff assistance.

The Economic Planning and Coordination

Division, Lawrence A. Blum, Assistant

Chief for Collection Activities and Shirin

A. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for PostCollection Processing, assisted by Dennis

Shoemaker, Chief, Post-Collection Census

Processing Branch, Brandy Yarbrough,

Section Chief, Sheila Proudfoot, Richard

Williamson, Andrew W. Hait, and Jennifer E. Lins, was responsible for developing the systems and procedures for data

collection, editing, review, correction and

dissemination

The staff of the National Processing Center,

Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailout

preparation and receipt operations, clerical

and analytical review activities, data keying, and geocoding review.

The Geography Division staff developed

geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Pautler

Jr., Chief, developed and coordinated the

computer processing systems. Martin S.

Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquennial Programs, assisted by Barbara Lambert and Christina Arledge were responsible for design and implementation of the

computer systems. Gary T. Sheridan,

Chief, Manufacturing and Construction

Branch, Lori A. Guido and Roy A. Smith,

Section Chiefs, supervised the preparation

of the computer programs.

Computer Services Division, Debra Williams, Chief, performed the computer processing.

The staff of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom,

Chief, performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement for publications,

Internet products, and report forms.

Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication

coordination and editing.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Truss Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997

Issued July 1999

EC97M-3212D

U.S. Department of Commerce

William M. Daley,

Secretary

Robert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director
William G. Bostic Jr.,

Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director

William G. Barron,

Deputy Director
 CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1 .............................

Manufacturing 5 .................................................

TABLES

1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among

1987 SIC~Based Industries: 1997 7 .........................

2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997 7 .................

3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997 8 ........................

4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997 9 ................

5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class

Specialization: 1997 9 .....................................

6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992 10 .........................

6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992 . ~~

7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992 10 ................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 .....................................

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1 ......................

C. Coverage and Methodology C–1 ................................

D. Geographic Notes ........................................ ~~

E. Metropolitan Areas ....................................... ~~

F. Footnotes for Products Statistics and Materials Consumed by

Kind ................................................... ~~

G. Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes: 1997 to

1992 G–1 ...................................................

~~ Not applicable for this report.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 321214 iii

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Jul. 15, 1999
Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the United

States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,

covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes, and other statistical series that

measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data to monitor economic activity and assess the

effectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to keep their members informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 1997 Economic Census are published primarily on the basis of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, which

were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of being

adopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Most

economic census reports cover one of the following NAICS

sectors:

21 Mining

22 Utilities

23 Construction

31-33 Manufacturing

42 Wholesale Trade

44-45 Retail Trade

48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance

53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services

55 Management of Companies and Enterprises

56 Administrative and Support and Waste

Management and Remediation Services

61 Educational Services

62 Health Care and Social Assistance

71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

72 Accommodation and Foodservices

81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and

Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the census

of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92),

covered by the census of governments conducted by the

Census Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors

(three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes),

and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries

(five- and six-digit codes).

RELATIONSHIP TO SIC

While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular

care should be taken in comparing data for retail trade,

wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sector

titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The industry definitions discuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries.

Where changes are significant, it will not be possible to

construct time series that include data for points both

before and after 1997.

For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those functioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as

a central administrative office or warehouse) will not be

included in the sector-specific reports. These data will be

published separately.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physical

location of each establishment is required to tabulate the

census data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), counties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cities, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS INTRODUCTION 1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
required to report their physical location (street address,

municipality, county, and state) if it differed from their

mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail

(and those single-establishment companies that did not

provide acceptable information on physical location), location information from Internal Revenue Service tax forms

is used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishment

basis. A company operating at more than one location is

required to file a separate report for each store, factory,

shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned a

separate industry classification based on its primary activity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and

1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when making

comparisons with prior years, users of the data should

consider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are available

on the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) and

on compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.

Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights are

published in printed reports. For more information, including a description of electronic and printed reports being

issued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. Census

Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call Customer

Services at 301-457-4100.

Special Tabulations

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Economic Census may be obtained, depending on availability

of time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. The

data will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name,

address, kind of business, or other data for individual

business establishments or companies) that govern the

regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications

on the type and format of the data to be provided, should

be directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S.

Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss a

special tabulation before submitting specifications, call

the appropriate division:

Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673

Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at

varying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census

and subsequent censuses to include mining and some

commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was

the first time a census was taken apart from the regular

decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and

wholesale trade and construction industries were added in

1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and the other business service censuses were suspended during World War

II.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated: providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of

firms provided by the administrative records of other Federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also

have been used to provide basic statistics for very small

firms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census questionnaires.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census of

construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,

and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,

was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few

transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it

was not until 1992 that the census broadened to include

all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also

new for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, and

real estate industries. With these additions, the economic

census and the separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent

of all economic activity.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier

censuses provide historical figures for the study of longterm time series and are available in some large libraries.

All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still available for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Censuses contain databases including nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code

statistics, published only on CD-ROM.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statistics

at www.census.gov/econguide. More information on the

methodology, procedures, and history of the censuses will

be published in the History of the 1997 Economic Census

at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used with

the 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.

D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data include

establishments with payroll exceeding revenue.

N Not available or not comparable.

Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for

multiestablishment firms.

S Withheld because estimates did not meet

publication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05

percent.

X Not applicable.

Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient

coverage of merchandise lines.

Z Less than half the unit shown.

a 0 to 19 employees.

b 20 to 99 employees.

c 100 to 249 employees.

e 250 to 499 employees.

f 500 to 999 employees.

g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.

h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.

i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.

j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.

k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.

l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.

m 100,000 employees or more.

p 10 to 19 percent estimated.

q 20 to 29 percent estimated.

r Revised.

s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

nec Not elsewhere classified.

nsk Not specified by kind.

– Represents zero (page image/print only).

(CC) Consolidated city.

(IC) Independent city.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS INTRODUCTION 3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Manufacturing

SCOPE

The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing covers all

manufacturing establishments with one or more paid

employees. Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical,

physical, or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products. The assembly of components

into new products is also considered manufacturing,

except when it is appropriately classified as construction.

Establishments in the manufacturing sector are often

described as plants, factories, or mills and typically use

power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment.

Also included in the manufacturing sector are some establishments that make products by hand, like custom tailors

and the makers of custom draperies. While manufacturers

typically do not sell to the public, some establishments

like bakeries and candy stores that make products on the

premises may be included.

GENERAL

This report, from the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, is one of a series of 480 industry reports and 51

geographic area reports, each of which provides statistics

for individual industries or states, respectively. Seven of

the industry reports are for industries no longer in the

manufacturing sector but are included with manufacturing

for the 1997 census year. Also included for this sector are

General, Product, and Materials Consumed Summary

reports, a special report on Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing, and data files on Location of Manufacturing

Plants.

Each industry report presents data for a six-digit North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry.

A description of the particular NAICS industry may be

found in Appendix B. These reports include such statistics

as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value

added by manufacture, cost of materials consumed, value

of shipments, capital expenditures, etc. Explanations of

these and other terms may be found in Appendix A. The

industry reports also include data for states with 100

employees or more in the industry.

State reports, which include the District of Columbia,

present similar statistics at the ‘‘all manufacturing’’ level

for each state and its metropolitan areas (MAs) with 250

employees or more, and for counties, consolidated cities,

and places with 500 employees or more. The state reports

also include six-digit NAICS level data for industries with

100 employees or more in the state.

The General Summary report contains industry and geographic area statistics summarized in one report. It

includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry

and state reports, as well as revisions to the data made

after the release of the industry and state reports.

The Products and Materials Consumed reports summarize the products and materials data published in the

industry reports. The Product Summary report also

includes data from the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) and

a special table with data for products that are primary to

more than one industry, which are not in the industry

reports.

The Concentration Ratios report publishes data on the

percentage of value of shipments accounted for by the 4-,

8-, 20-, and 50-largest companies for each manufacturing

industry. Also shown in this report are HirschmannHerfindahl Indexes for each industry.

The Location of Manufacturing data files contain statistics on the number of establishments for the three- and

six-digit NAICS industry by state, county, place, and ZIP

Code by employment-size of the establishment.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

Statistics at the six-digit NAICS industry level are shown

for states and the District of Columbia in both the state

and industry reports for cells with 100 employees or

more.

The state reports also include data at the ‘‘all manufacturing’’ level for a variety of geographies that meet the

employment criteria.

Data are available for the metropolitan areas (MAs) with

250 employees or more. The term MA is a general term

used to encompass all of the specifically defined metropolitan areas. A consolidated metropolitan statistical area

(CMSA) is made up of two or more contiguous primary

metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) with a combined

population of at least 1 million. A PMSA is a subdivision of

a CMSA that demonstrates very strong internal economic

and social links separate from the ties to other portions of

the CMSA. A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is an integrated economic and social unit with a population of at

least 50,000. An MA is made up of one or more counties

meeting standards of metropolitan character. In New

England, cities and towns, rather than counties, are the

component geographic units. Determination of the MAs

was made by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

as of June 30, 1997. The population estimates were from

the 1990 Census of Population or a subsequent special

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS MANUFACTURING 5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
census. When applicable, the make-up of an MA is

included in Appendix E. Changes to geographical boundaries are noted in Appendix D.

The state reports include data for counties with 500

employees or more. These are the primary divisions of

states, except in Louisiana where they are called parishes

and in Alaska where they are called boroughs and census

areas. Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have one

or more places that are independent of county organizations. These places are treated as counties and places. The

counties and places are defined as of January 1, 1997.

The state reports include data for places with 500

employees or more. Places are typically cities, towns, and

villages. They may be incorporated municipalities, semiindependent municipalities, special economic urban areas

(SEUAs), or other place equivalents.

The state reports also include data for consolidated cities with 500 employees or more. Consolidated cities are

made up of separately incorporated municipalities.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSES

The adoption of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) has had a major impact on the comparability of data between the 1992 and 1997 censuses.

Approximately half of the industries in the manufacturing

sector of NAICS do not have comparable industries in the

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system that was

used in the past. If industries are not comparable between

the two censuses, historic data are not shown. When applicable, Appendix G shows the product class and product

comparability between the two systems.

While most of the change affecting the manufacturing

sector was change within the sector, some industries left

manufacturing and others came into manufacturing.

Prominent among those leaving manufacturing are logging

and portions of publishing. Prominent among the industries coming into the manufacturing sector are bakeries,

candy stores where candy is made on the premises, custom tailors, makers of custom draperies, and tire retreading. Data for the industries coming into manufacturing as

well as those leaving manufacturing are included in the

manufacturing industry report series for 1997. However,

the state and summary reports only include data for

industries in the NAICS definition of manufacturing.

Another change resulting from the conversion to NAICS

is that data for central administrative offices (CAOs) associated with manufacturing are not included along side the

manufacturing data. This change affects data in the state

reports and the general summary.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with Federal law governing census

reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data are

published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company. However, the number of

establishments classified in a specific industry or geography is not considered a disclosure, and may be released

even when other information is withheld.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics files is

based on the total value of shipments. When the total

value of shipments cannot be shown without disclosing

information for individual companies, the complete line is

suppressed except for capital expenditures. However, the

suppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for capital expenditures that can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are published.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC

DATA

The Census Bureau conducts the Annual Survey of

Manufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years between the

economic censuses. The ASM is a probability-based

sample of approximately 58,000 establishments and collects many of the same industry statistics (including

employment, payroll, value of shipments, etc.) as the economic census. However, there are selected statistics not

included in the ASM. Among these are the number of companies and establishments, detailed product and materials

data, and substate geographic data.

In addition to the ASM, the Census Bureau conducts a

Current Industrial Reports (CIR) program. The CIR publishes detailed product statistics for selected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in some

cases, monthly and/or quarterly. For the 1997 Economic

Census – Manufacturing, the annual CIR data are included

in the Product Summary report.

The Census Bureau also conducts the monthly Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) program,

which publishes detailed statistics for manufacturing

industries at the U.S. level.

6 MANUFACTURING 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Table 1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among 1987 SIC~Based

Industries: 1997

[NAICS codes appear in bold type. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

or SIC

code

Industry

All employees Production workers

Com~

panies1

All

estab~

lish~

ments2 Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value added by

manufacture

($1,000)

Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~

tures

($1,000)

321214 Truss mfg 888 .................... 992 32 721 800 130 24 751 48 364 480 897 1 614 474 2 074 645 3 681 750 85 138 243930 Structural wood members,

n.e.c. (pt) N .................. 992 32 721 800 130 24 751 48 364 480 897 1 614 474 2 074 645 3 681 750 85 138

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997

[States that are disclosures or with less than 100 employees are not shown. For explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and geographic area

All establishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20 em~ ploy~ ees or

more Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value added by manufacture ($1,000)Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~ tures ($1,000)

321214, TRUSS MFG

United States 2 .............. 992 482 32 721 800 130 24 751 48 364 480 897 1 614 474 2 074 645 3 681 750 85 138

Arizona 1 ............................ 29 20 1 423 33 863 1 175 2 434 23 745 70 384 101 924 171 750 2 393 California 1 .......................... 85 34 2 737 63 930 2 119 4 178 41 111 129 948 164 268 293 383 6 951 Colorado 1 ........................... 27 12 844 21 975 665 1 338 13 130 41 384 60 043 101 402 3 592 Florida 3 ............................. 102 69 4 010 92 333 3 064 6 048 55 277 172 773 229 234 402 447 8 714 Idaho 2 .............................. 14 7 408 8 712 279 536 4 974 17 330 22 507 39 926 742

Illinois 2 ............................. 22 15 1 148 31 928 892 1 680 20 884 65 591 78 608 144 037 3 589 Kansas – ............................ 10 4 249 4 501 210 384 3 064 9 255 12 058 21 256 588 Kentucky – ........................... 23 7 488 10 622 383 742 6 956 21 074 25 421 46 585 1 278

Maryland – ........................... 10 7 496 12 871 368 823 7 382 24 282 29 081 53 469 854

Massachusetts 1 ..................... 7 2 112 2 960 81 161 1 812 7 689 7 431 15 059 653

Michigan 2 ........................... 32 19 1 598 45 799 1 171 2 185 24 184 106 405 106 925 211 046 5 029

Missouri 1 ........................... 23 10 561 14 979 399 781 8 573 31 525 40 299 71 749 1 311

New York 3 .......................... 20 9 378 9 694 275 541 5 987 20 373 26 783 47 215 987

Ohio 1 ............................... 37 24 1 595 37 639 1 172 2 388 21 071 82 146 106 339 188 092 4 064

Oregon 1 ............................ 30 13 686 18 724 528 1 050 11 916 36 148 43 185 79 431 1 431

Tennessee 2 ......................... 26 7 615 15 546 472 989 8 491 35 994 41 639 77 408 2 590

Texas 2 ............................. 36 21 1 710 41 045 1 374 2 716 24 489 77 579 123 859 199 040 3 526

Washington 2 ........................ 48 23 1 156 27 555 808 1 518 16 002 57 463 53 975 111 366 1 917

* Hawaii has no incorporated places in the sense of functioning governmental units; however, in agreement with Hawaiian law, the Bureau of the Census reports data for census designated

places (CDPs) which have been designated as place equivalents. Those CDPs, only for the state of Hawaii, with 2,500 or more population are recognized.

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record data account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to

89 percent; 9–90 percent or more.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 321214 7

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Jul. 15, 1999
Table 3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item Value

321214, TRUSS MFG

Companies1 ................................................ number.. 888

All establishments number ........................................... .. 992

Establishments with 1 to 19 employees number ....................... .. 510

Establishments with 20 to 99 employees number ..................... .. 420

Establishments with 100 employees or more number .................. .. 62

All employees number ............................................... .. 32 721 Total compensation2 ..........................................$1,000.. 962 002 Annual payroll $1,000 .............................................. .. 800 130 Total fringe benefits $1,000 ......................................... .. 161 872

Production workers, average for year number .......................... .. 24 751 Production workers on March 15 number ............................ .. 23 193 Production workers on May 15 number .............................. .. 24 908 Production workers on August 15 number ............................ .. 25 872 Production workers on November 15 number ......................... .. 25 031

Production~worker hours 1,000 ....................................... .. 48 364

Production~worker wages $1,000 ...................................... .. 480 897

Total cost of materials $1,000 ......................................... .. 2 074 645

Cost of materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed $1,000 ............. .. 1 838 266

Cost of resales $1,000 ............................................. .. 206 342

Cost of fuels $1,000 ............................................... .. 7 310

Cost of purchased electricity $1,000 ................................. .. 12 501

Cost of contract work $1,000 ....................................... .. 10 226

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh ........... .. 206 532

Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh ... .. –

Total value of shipments $1,000 ...................................... .. 3 681 750 Primary products value of shipments $1,000 .......................... .. 3 306 868

Secondary products value of shipments $1,000 ....................... .. 111 477

Total miscellaneous receipts $1,000 ................................. .. 263 405

Value of resales $1,000 .......................................... .. 259 606

Contract receipts $1,000 ......................................... .. 2 620

Other miscellaneous receipts $1,000 .............................. .. 1 179

Primary products specialization ratio percent ........................... .. 96

Value of primary products shipments made in all industries $1,000 ........ .. 3 516 147

Value of primary products shipments made in this industry $1,000 ....... .. 3 306 868

Value of primary products shipments made in other

industries $1,000 ................................................. .. 209 279

Coverage ratio percent .............................................. .. 94

Item Value

321214, TRUSS MFGmCon.

Value added $1,000 ................................................. .. 1 614 474

Total inventories, beginning of year $1,000 ............................. .. 264 060

Finished goods inventories, beginning of year $1,000 .................. .. 70 511

Work~in~process inventories, beginning of year $1,000 ................. .. 15 869

Materials and supplies inventories, beginning of year $1,000 ............ .. 177 680

Total inventories, end of year $1,000 .................................. .. 286 836 Finished goods inventories, end of year $1,000 ....................... .. 76 953 Work~in~process inventories, end of year $1,000 ...................... .. 16 796 Materials and supplies inventories, end of year $1,000 ................. .. 193 087

Gross book value of total assets at beginning of year $1,000 .............. .. 780 566

Total capital expenditures (new and used) $1,000 ..................... .. 85 138

Capital expenditures for buildings and other structures

(new and used) $1,000 ......................................... .. 17 410

Capital expenditures for machinery and equipment (new

and used) $1,000 .............................................. .. 67 728

Total retirements2 ..........................................$1,000.. 17 260

Gross book value of total assets at end of year $1,000 ................... .. 848 444

Total depreciation during year2 .................................$1,000.. 72 818

Total rental payments2 ........................................$1,000.. 41 994 Buildings and other structures rental payments2 ................ $1,000.. 23 004 Machinery and equipment rental payments2.................... $1,000.. 18 990

Cost of purchased services for the repair of buildings and other

structures3..................................................$1,000.. 3 574

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

Cost of purchased services for the repair of machinery and

equipment3 .................................................$1,000.. 19 526

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

Cost of purchased communications services3 .................... $1,000.. 10 323

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

Cost of purchased legal services3 ..............................$1,000.. 3 551

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

Cost of purchased accounting and bookkeeping services3 ......... $1,000.. 4 712

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

Cost of purchased advertising services3 ......................... $1,000.. 3 183

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

Cost of purchased software and other data processing

services3 ...................................................$1,000.. 2 588

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

Cost of purchased refuse removal (including hazardous waste)

services3 ...................................................$1,000.. 4 300

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 72

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2These items are collected in the ASM and estimated for the remaining establishments; therefore, the levels of estimation are higher than for other items in the table. 3Based on ASM sample data.

4A response coverage ratio is derived for this item by calculating the ratio of the weighted employment (establishment data multiplied by sample weight) for those ASM establishments that

reported to the weighted total employment for all ASM establishments classified in this industry.

Note: The amounts shown for purchased services reflect only those services that establishments purchase from other companies.

8 NAICS 321214 MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Jul. 15, 1999
Table 4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Employment size class

All establishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20

em~

ploy~

ees or

more Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value added by

manufacture

($1,000)

Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~

tures

($1,000)

321214, TRUSS MFG

All establishments 2 ......... 992 482 32 721 800 130 24 751 48 364 480 897 1 614 474 2 074 645 3 681 750 85 138

Establishments with 1 to 4

employees 8 ........................ 147 – 383 7 374 306 510 5 231 15 138 21 051 36 202 975

Establishments with 5 to 9

employees 5 ........................ 141 – 961 19 227 725 1 241 12 238 39 233 53 954 93 272 3 033

Establishments with 10 to 19

employees 2 ........................ 222 – 3 147 68 751 2 364 4 388 41 889 138 905 172 739 311 179 10 141

Establishments with 20 to 49

employees 2 ........................ 270 270 8 774 209 546 6 568 12 490 125 503 424 104 510 974 934 725 24 228

Establishments with 50 to 99

employees 1 ........................ 150 150 10 466 262 570 8 038 16 317 162 261 546 777 657 564 1 202 476 24 812

Establishments with 100 to 249

employees 1 ........................ 59 59 8 183 211 521 6 173 12 330 121 047 412 729 614 804 1 022 433 21 005

Establishments with 250 to 499

employees 3 ........................ 3 3 807 21 141 577 1 088 12 728 37 588 43 559 81 463 944

Establishments with 500 to 999

employees – ........................ –– – – – – – – – – –

Establishments with 1,000 to 2,499

employees – ........................ –– – – – – – – – – –

Establishments with 2,500 employees

or more – ........................... –– – – – – – – – – –

Administrative records2 .............. 9 191 – 912 17 713 718 1 125 11 543 34 727 46 887 81 700 2 377

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record data

account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to

89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2Some payroll and sales data for small single~unit companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government agencies rather

than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. Data are also included in respective size classes

shown.

Table 5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class Specialization: 1997

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

industry or

product

class code

Industry or primary product class

All employees Production workers All estab~ lish~

ments Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value addedby manufacture

($1,000)

Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~ tures

($1,000)

321214 Truss mfg 992 ............... 32 721 800 130 24 751 48 364 480 897 1 614 474 2 074 645 3 681 750 85 138

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 321214 9

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Jul. 15, 1999
Table 6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992

[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers of

products of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see

introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

product

code

Product

1997 1992

Number of Product shipments Product shipments

companies with shipmentsof $100,000

or more

Quantity of

production for all purposes Quantity

Value ($1,000)

Number of

companies with shipmentsof $100,000

or more

Quantity of

production for all purposes Quantity

Value ($1,000)

321214 Wood trusses..................................... N X X 3 516 147 N X X N

3212140 Wood trusses.............................................. N X X 3 516 147 N X X N

32121401 Wood trusses............................................ N X X 2 655 921 N X X N

3212140111 Wood roof trusses, metal plate

connected............................................ 544 X X 2 278 072 N X X N

3212140121 Wood floor trusses, metal plate

connected............................................ 241 X X 366 860 N X X N 3212140131 Other wood trusses .................................... 12 X X 10 989 N X X N

3212140Y Wood truss manufacturing, nsk, total ....................... N X X 860 226 N X X N 3212140YWW Wood truss manufacturing, nsk, for nonadministrative~record

establishments........................................ N X X 782 990 N X X N

3212140YWY Wood truss manufacturing, nsk, for

administrative~record establishments .................... N X X 77 236 N X X N

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.

@ Additional data are available for this item in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) series; see Appendix F for the CIR survey number and title. $ This product is primary to more than one industry; see Appendix F for a listing of the related product codes.

Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

Table 6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992

[Not applicable for this report]

Table 7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992

[Includes quantity and cost of materials consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation

of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

material

code

Material consumed

1997 1992

Quantity

Delivered cost

($1,000) Quantity

Delivered cost

($1,000)

321214 TRUSS MFG

32100023 Hardwood rough lumber ................................................................. X 117 004 X N

32100029 Softwood rough lumber mil bd ft ........................................................ .. S 217 210 N N

32100027 Hardwood dressed lumber mil bd ft ..................................................... .. S 65 043 N N

32100033 Softwood dressed lumber mil bd ft ...................................................... .. p1 526.2 660 420 N N

32121901 Reconstituted wood products, including particleboard, oriented strandboard,

medium density fiberboard, and hardboard ................................................ X 12 868 X N

33231201 Fabricated structural iron, steel, and aluminum including truss plates .......................... X 82 466 X N

00970099 All other materials and components, parts, containers, and supplies ........................... X 68 056 X N

00971000 Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, n.s.k. ....................................... X 615 199 X N

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.

Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

10 NAICS 321214 MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Jul. 15, 1999
Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

BEGINNING- AND END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES

Respondents were asked to report their beginning-ofyear and end-of-year inventories at cost or market. Effective with the 1982 Economic Census, this change to a uniform instruction for reporting inventories was introduced

for all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were permitted to value inventories using any generally accepted

accounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market, to name a few).

Beginning in 1982, LIFO users were asked to first report

inventory values prior to the LIFO adjustment and then to

report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after adjustment for the reserve.

Inventory Data by Stage of Fabrication

Total inventories and three detailed components (1) finished goods, (2) work-in-process, and (3) materials, supplies, fuels, etc., were collected.

When using inventory data by stage of fabrication for

‘‘all industries’’ and at the three-digit subsector level, it

should be noted that an item treated as a finished product

by an establishment in one industry may be reported as a

raw material by an establishment in a different industry.

For example, the finished-product inventories of a steel

mill would be reported as raw materials by a stamping

plant. Such differences are present in the inventory figures

by stage of fabrication shown for all publication levels.

COST OF MATERIALS

This term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the

year, including freight charges and other direct charges

incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials.

It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed,

whether purchased by the individual establishment from

other companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory

during the year.

Included in this item are:

1. Cost of parts, components, containers, etc.—Includes

all raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used as

operating supplies and for repair and maintenance

during the year.

2. Cost of products bought and sold in the same condition.

3. Cost of fuels consumed for heat and power—Includes

the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual establishment from other

companies, transferred to it from other establishments

of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory

during the year.

4. Cost of purchased electricity—The cost of purchased

electric energy represents the amount actually used

during the year for heat and power. In addition, information was collected on the quantity of electric

energy generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other

plants of the same company.

5. Cost of contract work—This term applies to work

done by others on materials furnished by the manufacturing establishment. The actual cost of the material is to be reported on the cost of materials, parts,

and containers line of this item. The term ‘‘Contract

Work’’ refers to the fee a company pays to another

company to perform a service.

Specific Materials Consumed

In addition to the total cost of materials, which every

establishment was required to report, information also

was collected for most manufacturing industries on the

consumption of major materials used in manufacturing.

The inquiries were restricted to those materials which

were important parts of the cost of production in a particular industry and for which cost information was available from manufacturers’ records. If less than $25,000 of

a listed material was consumed by an establishment, the

cost data could be reported in the ‘‘Cost of all other materials...,’’ Census material code 00970099. Also, the cost of

materials for small establishments for which administrative records or short forms were used was imputed into

the ‘‘Materials not specified by kind,’’ Census materials

code 00971000.

Duplication in Cost of Materials and Value of

Shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of

shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication

since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the

addition of related industries representing successive

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX A A–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
stages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in

the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper

mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate

that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such

duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to

approximate two-thirds of the total value of products

reported in the survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is

significant within a number of industry groups, e.g.,

machinery and transportation industries. These industries

frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In

this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is

involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual

manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of

the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other

processing costs of value of shipments, both among

industries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments

were not published for some industries which included

considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been

published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning

in 1964, for all geographic levels.

COST OF PURCHASED SERVICES

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishments

were requested to provide information on the cost of purchased services for the repair of buildings and other structures, the repair of machinery, communication services,

legal services, accounting and bookkeeping services,

advertising, software and other data processing services,

and refuse removal. Each of these items reflects the costs

paid directly by the establishment and excludes salaries

paid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of purchased services for the repair

of buildings and machinery are payments made for all

maintenance and repair work on buildings and equipment.

Payments made to other establishments of the same company and for repair and maintenance of any leased property also are included. Extensive repairs or reconstruction

that was capitalized is considered capital expenditures

and is, therefore, excluded from this item. Repair and

maintenance costs provided by an owner as part of a

rental contract or incurred directly by an establishment in

using its own work force also are excluded.

Included in the cost of purchased advertising services

are payments for printing, media coverage, and other

advertising services and materials.

Included in the cost of purchased software and other

data processing services are all purchases by the establishment from other companies. Excluded are services provided by other establishments of the same company (such

as by a separate data processing unit).

Included in the cost of purchased refuse removal services are all costs of refuse removal services paid by the

establishment, including costs for hazardous waste

removal or treatment. Excluded are all costs included in

rental payments or as capital expenditures.

Response Coverage Ratio

A response coverage ratio is a measure of the extent to

which respondents report for an item. The estimate is

made by calculating the ratio value of the weighted total

employment data for all the ASM establishments that

report the item to the weighted total employment data for

all ASM establishments classified in an industry (reporters

and non-reporters).

DEPRECIATION CHARGES FOR FIXED ASSETS

This item includes depreciation and amortization

charged during the year against assets. Depreciation

charged against fixed assets acquired since the beginning

of the year and against assets sold or retired during the

year are components of this category. Respondents were

requested to make certain that they did not report accumulated depreciation.

EMPLOYEES

This item includes all full-time and part-time employees

on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments

during any part of the pay period which included the 12th

of the months specified on the report form. Included are

all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid

vacations during these pay periods. Officers of corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners

of unincorporated firms are excluded. The ‘‘all employees’’

number is the average number of production workers plus

the number of other employees in mid-March. The number

of production workers is the average for the payroll periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Production Workers

This item includes workers (up through the linesupervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing,

assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g.,

power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely

associated with these production operations at the establishment covered by the report. Employees above the

working-supervisor level are excluded from this item.

All Other Employees

This item covers nonproduction employees of the

manufacturing establishment including those engaged in

factory supervision above the line-supervisor level. It

A–2 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
includes sales (including driver-salespersons), sales delivery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising,

credit, collection, installation and servicing of own products, clerical and routine office functions, executive, purchasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria,

medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Also

included are employees on the payroll of the manufacturing establishment engaged in the construction of major

additions or alterations utilized as a separate work force.

FRINGE BENEFITS

Fringe benefits are divided into legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally

required portion consists primarily of Federal old age and

survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and

workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs

include all programs not specifically required by legislation whether they were employer initiated or the result of

collective bargaining. They include the employer portion

of such plans as insurance premiums, premiums for

supplemental accident and sickness insurance, pension

plans, supplemental unemployment compensation, welfare plans, stock purchase plans on which the employer

payment is not subject to withholding tax, and deferred

profit-sharing plans. They exclude such items as companyoperated cafeterias, in-plant medical services, free parking

lots, discounts on employee purchases, and uniforms and

work clothing for employees.

GROSS BOOK VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS AT

BEGINNING OF YEAR (BOY) AND END OF YEAR (EOY)

Total value of depreciable assets is collected on all census forms. It shows the value of depreciable assets for the

beginning of year and end of year. The data encompass all

fixed depreciable assets on the books of establishments.

The values shown (book value) represent the actual cost

of assets at the time they were acquired, including all

costs incurred in making the assets usable (such as transportation and installation). Included are all buildings,

structures, machinery, and equipment (production, office,

and transportation equipment) for which depreciation

reserves are maintained. Excluded are nondepreciable

capital assets including inventories and intangible assets,

such as timber and mineral rights.

The definition of fixed depreciable assets is consistent

with the definition of capital expenditures. For example,

expenditures include actual capital outlays during the year

rather than the final value of equipment put in place and

buildings completed during the year. Accordingly, the

value of assets at the end of the year includes the value of

construction in progress.

In addition, respondents were requested to make certain that assets at the beginning of the year plus capital

expenditures, less retirements, equaled assets at the end

of the year.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND COMPANIES

A separate report was required for each manufacturing

establishment (plant) with one employee or more. An

establishment is defined as a single physical location

where manufacturing is performed. A company, on the

other hand, is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control.

If the company operated at different physical locations,

even if the individual locations were producing the same

line of goods, a separate report was requested for each

location. If the company operated in two or more distinct

lines of manufacturing at the same location, a separate

report was requested for each activity.

An establishment not in operation for any portion of

the year was requested to return the report form with the

proper notation in the ‘‘Operational Status’’ section of the

form. In addition, the establishment was requested to

report data on any employees, capital expenditures, inventories, or shipments from inventories during the year.

PAYROLL

This item includes the gross earnings of all employees

on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments

paid in the calendar year. Respondents were told they

could follow the definition of payrolls used for calculating

the Federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and

compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludes

payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated

concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of

Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payrolls of manufacturing establishments.

The census definition of payrolls is identical to that recommended to all Federal statistical agencies by the Office

of Management and Budget. It should be noted that this

definition does not include employers’ social security contributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employees’ pension plans, group insurance premiums, and workers’ compensation.

The ASM provides estimates of employers’ total supplemental labor costs (those required by Federal and state

laws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collective

bargaining agreements).

PRODUCT CODES AND CLASSES OF PRODUCTS

NAICS United States industries are identified by a sixdigit code, in contrast to the four-digit SIC code. The

longer code accommodates the large number of sectors

and allows more flexibility in designing subsectors. Each

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX A A–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
product or service is assigned a ten-digit code. The product coding structure represents an extension by the Census Bureau of the six-digit industry classifications of the

manufacturing and mining sectors. The classification system operates so that the industrial coverage is progressively narrower with the successive addition of digits. This

is illustrated as follows:

NAICS level NAICS code Description

Industry .......... 33461 Manufacturing and reproduction

of magnetic and optical media

U.S. industry...... 334612 Reproduction of software

Product class ..... 3346120 Prerecorded compact disc (except

software), tape, and record reproducing

BLS link code..... 3346120X

Product code ..... 3346120XXX

As in previous censuses, data were collected for most

industries on the quantity and value of individual products

shipped. In the 1997 census program, information was

collected on the output of almost 10,000 individual product items.

In the new system, there are about 1,500 product

classes (seven-digit codes), about 6,000 census products

(ten-digit codes), and an additional 3,700 CIR products

(ten-digit codes). The ten-digit products are considered the

primary products of the industry with the same first six

digits.

The list of products for which separate information was

collected was prepared after consultation with industry

and government representatives. Comparability with previous figures was given considerable weight in the selection of product categories so that comparable 1992 information is presented for most products.

Typically, both quantity and value of shipments information were collected. However, if quantity was not significant or could not be reported by manufacturers, only

value of shipments was collected.

Shipments include both commercial shipments and

transfers of products to other plants of the same company. For industries in which a considerable portion of the

total shipments is transferred to other plants of the same

company, separate information on interplant transfers also

was collected. Moreover, for products that are used to a

large degree within the same establishment as materials

or components in the fabrication of other products, total

production and often consumption of the item within the

plant (quantity produced and consumed) was collected.

Typically, the information on production also was collected

for products for which there are significant differences

between total production and shipments in a given year

because of wide fluctuations in finished goods inventories. Other measures of output of products with long production cycles were used as appropriate and feasible.

PRIMARY PRODUCT CLASS CODE

This file presents selected statistics for establishments

according to their degree of specialization in products primary to their industry. This field contains either the sixdigit North American Industrial Classification System

(NAICS) industry code corresponding to all establishments

in the industry, or the seven-digit NAICS product class

code for all establishments within the industry that are

specialized in a particular product class. Product class specialization is determined by evaluating the ratio of the

largest primary product class shipments to total product

shipments (primary plus secondary, excluding miscellaneous receipts) for the establishment.

PRODUCTION-WORKER HOURS

This item covers hours worked or paid for at the plant,

including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays,

or sick leave.

QUANTITY OF ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMED FOR

HEAT AND POWER

Data on the cost of purchased electric energy were collected on all census forms. However, data on the quantity

of purchased electric energy were collected only on the

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) form. In addition,

information is collected on the quantity of electric energy

generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other plants of the same

company.

RENTAL PAYMENTS

Total rental payments are collected on all census forms.

However, the breakdown between rental payments for

buildings and other structures and rental payments for

machinery and equipment is collected only on the ASM

forms. This item includes rental payments for the use of

all items for which depreciation reserves would be maintained if they were owned by the establishment, e.g.,

structures and buildings, and production, office, and

transportation equipment. Excluded are royalties and

other payments for the use of intangibles and depletable

assets and land rents where separable.

When an establishment of a multiestablishment company was charged rent by another part of the same company for the use of assets owned by the company, it was

instructed to exclude that cost from rental payments.

However, the book value (original cost) of these companyowned assets was to be reported as assets of the establishment at the end of the year.

If there were assets at an establishment rented from

another company and the rents were paid centrally by the

head office of the establishment, the company was

instructed to report these rental payments as if they were

paid directly by the establishment.

A–4 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
RETIREMENTS OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS

Included in this item is the gross value of assets sold,

retired, scrapped, destroyed, etc., during the calendar

year. When a complete operation or establishment

changed ownership, the respondent was instructed to

report the value of the assets sold at the original cost as

recorded in the books of the seller. The respondent also

was requested to report retirements of equipment or

structures owned by a parent company that the establishment was using as if it were a tenant.

TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES (NEW AND USED)

For establishments in operation and any known plants

under construction, manufacturers were asked to report

their new and used expenditures for (1) permanent additions and major alterations to manufacturing establishments and (2) machinery and equipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity if they were of the

type for which depreciation accounts were ordinarily maintained.

Totals for expenditures include the costs of assets

leased from nonmanufacturing concerns through capital

leases. New facilities owned by the Federal Government

but operated under contract by private companies and

plant and equipment furnished to the manufacturer by

communities and nonprofit organizations are excluded.

Also excluded are expenditures for land and cost of maintenance and repairs charged as current operating

expenses.

For any equipment or structure transferred for the use

of the reporting establishment by the parent company or

one of its subsidiaries, the value at which it was transferred to the establishment was to be reported. If an

establishment changed ownership during the year, the

cost of the fixed assets (building and equipment) was to

be reported.

VALUE ADDED

This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by

subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers,

fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work from the

value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts

for services rendered). The result of this calculation is

adjusted by the addition of value added by merchandising

operations (i.e., the difference between the sales value

and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goods and work-in-process between the beginningand end-of-year inventories.

For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments, value added is

adjusted only for the change in work-in-process inventories between the beginning and end of year. For those

industries where value of work done is collected, the value

added does not include an adjustment for the change in

finished goods or work-in-process inventories.

‘‘Value added’’ avoids the duplication in the figure for

value of shipments that results from the use of products

of some establishments as materials by others. Value

added is considered to be the best value measure available for comparing the relative economic importance of

manufacturing among industries and geographic areas.

VALUE OF SHIPMENTS

This item covers the received or receivable net selling

values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and taxes), of all

products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as

all miscellaneous receipts, such as receipts for contract

work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of

scrap, and sales of products bought and sold without further processing. Included are all items made by or for the

establishments from material owned by it, whether sold,

transferred to other plants of the same company, or

shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products

made in one plant on a contract basis from materials

owned by another was reported by the plant providing the

materials.

In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer

was requested to report the value of products transferred

to other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial value, including not only the direct

cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of ‘‘all

other costs’’ (including company overhead) and profit.

In addition to the value for NAICS defined products,

aggregates of the following categories of miscellaneous

receipts are reported as part of a total establishment’s

value of product shipments:

1. Reported contract work—Receipts for work or services

that a plant performed for others on their materials.

2. Value of resales—Sales of products brought and sold

without further manufacture, processing, or assembly.

3. Other miscellaneous receipts—Such as repair work,

installation, sales of scrap, etc.

Industry primary product value of shipments represents

one of the three components of value of shipments. These

components are:

1. Primary products value of shipments.

2. Secondary product value of shipments.

3. Total miscellaneous receipts.

Primary product shipments is used in the calculations of

industry specialization ratio and industry coverage ratio.

The term ‘‘Value of primary products shipments made in

this industry’’ is used in this publication and refers to the

same data.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX A A–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Duplication in Cost of Materials and Value of

Shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of

shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication

since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the

addition of related industries representing successive

stages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in

the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper

mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate

that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such

duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to

approximate two-thirds of the total value of products

reported in the annual survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is

significant within a number of industry groups, e.g.,

machinery and transportation industries. These industries

frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In

this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is

involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual

manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of

the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other

processing costs of value of shipments, both among

industries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments

were not published for some industries which included

considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been

published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning

in 1964, for all geographic levels.

Specialization and Coverage Ratios

These items are not collected on the report forms but

are derived from the data shown in Table 3. An establishment is classified in a particular industry if its shipments

of primary products of that industry exceed in value its

shipments of the products of any other single industry.

An establishment’s shipments include those products

assigned to an industry (primary products), those considered primary to other industries (secondary products), and

receipts for miscellaneous activities (merchandising, contract work, resales, etc.). Specialization and coverage

ratios have been developed to measure the relationship of

primary product shipments to the data on shipments for

the industry shown in Tables 1a through 5 and data on

product shipments shown in Tables 6a and 6b.

Specialization ratio represents the ratio of primary

product shipments to total product shipments (primary

and secondary, excluding miscellaneous receipts) for the

establishments classified in the industry.

Coverage ratio represents the ratio of primary products

shipped by the establishments classified in the industry to

the total shipments of such products that are shipped by

all manufacturing establishments wherever classified.

A–6 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix B.

NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

321214 TRUSS MANUFACTURING

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in manufacturing laminated or fabricated wood

roof and floor trusses.

The data published with NAICS code 321214 include

the following SIC industry:

2439 Structural wood members, n.e.c. (pt)

MANUFACTURING—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX B B–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix C.

Coverage and Methodology

MAIL/NONMAIL UNIVERSE

The manufacturing universe includes about 400,000

establishments. This number includes those industries in

the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

definition of manufacturing, but not those industries leaving the manufacturing sector in the classification change.

The amounts of information requested from manufacturing establishments were dependent upon a number of factors. The more important considerations were the size of

the company and whether it was included in the annual

survey of manufactures (ASM). The methods of obtaining

information for the various subsets of the universe to

arrive at the aggregate figures shown in the publication

are described below:

1. Small single-establishment companies not sent a

report form.

Approximately 40 percent of the manufacturing

establishments were small single-establishment companies that were excused from filing a census report.

Selection of these establishments was based on two

factors: annual payroll and our ability to assign the

correct six-digit NAICS industry classification to the

establishment. For each four-digit Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) industry code, an annual payroll

cutoff was determined. These cutoffs were derived so

that the establishments with payroll less than the cutoff were expected to account for no more than 3 percent of the value of shipments for the industry. Generally, all single-establishment companies with less than

5 employees were excused, while all establishments

with more than 20 employees were mailed forms.

Establishments below the cutoff that could not be

directly assigned a six-digit NAICS code were mailed a

classification report which requested information for

assigning NAICS industry codes. Establishments below

the cutoff that could be directly assigned a six-digit

NAICS code were excused from filing any report. For

below cutoff establishments, information on the

physical location, payroll, and receipts was obtained

from the administrative records of other Federal agencies under special arrangements that safeguarded

their confidentiality.

Estimates of data for these small establishments

were developed using industry averages in conjunction with the administrative information. The value of

shipments and cost of materials were not distributed

among specific products and materials for these

establishments but were included in the product and

material ‘‘not specified by kind’’ (nsk) categories.

The industry classification codes included in the

administrative-record files were assigned on the basis

of brief descriptions of the general activity of the

establishment. As a result, an indeterminate number

of establishments were erroneously coded to a fourdigit SIC industry and then erroneously re-coded to a

six-digit NAICS industry. This was especially true

whenever there was a relatively fine line of demarcation between industries or between manufacturing

and nonmanufacturing activity.

Sometimes the administrative-record cases had

only two- or three-digit SIC group classification codes

available in the files. For the 1997 Economic Census –

Manufacturing, these establishments were sent a

separate classification form, which requested information on the products and services of the establishment. This form was used to code many of these

establishments to the appropriate six-digit NAICS

level. Establishments that did not return the classification form were coded later to those six-digit NAICS

industries identified as ‘‘All other’’ industries within

the given subsector.

As a result of these situations, a number of small

establishments may have been misclassified by industry. However, such possible misclassification has no

significant effect on the statistics other than on the

number of companies and establishments.

The total establishment count for individual industries should be viewed as an approximation rather

than a precise measurement. The counts for establishments with 20 employees or more are far more reliable than the count of total number of establishments.

2. Establishments sent a report form.

The establishments covered in the mail canvass

were divided into three groups:

a. ASM sample establishments.

This group accounts for approximately 15 percent of all manufacturing establishments. The ASM

panel covers all the units of large manufacturing

establishments as well as a sample of the medium

and smaller establishments. The probability of

selection was proportionate to size. For more information, see the Description of the ASM Survey

Sample.

MANUFACTURING APPENDIX C C–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
In an economic census year, the ASM report form

(MA-1000) replaces the first page of the regular

census form for those establishments included in

the ASM. In addition to information on employment, payroll, and other items normally requested

on the regular census form, establishments in the

ASM sample were requested to supply additional

information on gross book value of assets and

capital expenditures. ASM establishments were also

requested to provide information on retirements,

depreciation, rental payments, and supplemental

labor costs. For establishments not included in the

ASM, these additional items were estimated using

relationships observed in the ASM establishment

data. The census statistics for these variables are a

sum of the ASM establishment data and the estimated data for non-ASM establishments. ASM

establishments were also requested to provide

information for selected purchased services. The

census statistics for the purchased service items

were derived solely from the ASM establishments.

See Appendix A, Explanation of Terms for an explanation of these items. The census part of the report

form is 1 of 220 versions containing product, material, and special inquiries. The diversity of manufacturing activities necessitated the use of this many

forms to canvass the 480 manufacturing industries.

Each form was developed for a group of related

industries.

Appearing on each form was a list of products

primary to the group of related industries as well

as secondary products and miscellaneous services

that establishments classified in these industries

were likely to perform. Respondents were

requested to identify the products, the value of

each product, and, in many cases, the quantity of

the product shipped during the survey year. Space

also was provided for the respondent to describe

products not specifically identified on the form.

The report form also contained a materialsconsumed inquiry which varied from form to form

depending on the industries being canvassed. The

respondents were asked to review a list of materials generally used in their production processes.

From this list, each establishment was requested to

identify those materials consumed during the survey year, the cost of each, and, in certain cases, the

quantity consumed. Once again, space was provided for the respondent to describe significant

materials not identified on the form.

A wide variety of special inquiries was included

to measure activities peculiar to a given industry,

such as operations performed and equipment used.

b. Large and medium establishments (non-ASM).

Approximately 30 percent of all manufacturing

establishments were included in this group. A variable cutoff, based on administrative-record payroll

data and determined on an industry-by-industry

basis, was used to select those establishments that

were to receive 1 of the 220 economic census –

manufacturing regular forms. The first page,

requesting establishment data for items such as

employment and payroll, was standard but did not

contain the detailed statistics included on the ASM

form. The product, material, and special inquiry

sections supplied were based on the historical

industry classification of the establishment.

c. Small single-establishment companies (non-ASM).

This group includes approximately 15 percent of

all manufacturing establishments. For those industries where application of the variable cutoff for

administrative-record cases resulted in a large number of small establishments being included in the

mail canvass, an abbreviated or short form was

used. These establishments received 1 of the 31

versions of the short form, which requested summary product and material data and totals but no

details on employment, payroll, cost of materials,

inventories, and capital expenditures.

Use of the short form has no adverse effect on

published totals for the industry statistics because

the same data were collected on the short form as

on the long form. However, detailed information on

products and materials consumed was not collected on the short form; thus, its use would

increase the value of the nsk categories.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF

ESTABLISHMENTS

Each of the establishments covered in the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing was classified in 1 of 480

industries (473 manufacturing industries and 7 former

manufacturing industries) in accordance with the industry

definitions in the 1997 NAICS Manual. This is the first edition of the NAICS Manual and it is a major change from the

1987 SIC Manual that was used previously. Appendix A of

the 1997 NAICS Manual notes the comparability between

the 1987 SIC and 1997 NAICS classification systems. When

applicable, Appendix G of this report shows the product

class and product comparability between the two systems

for data in this report.

In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as

a group of establishments that have similar production

processes. To the extent practical, the system uses supplybased or production-oriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by manufacture,

value of shipments, and number of employees.

C–2 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with successive

additions of numerical digits. In the manufacturing sector

for 1997, there are 21 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 86

industry groups (four-digit NAICS), 184 NAICS industries

(five-digit NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and

Mexican classification, and 473 U.S. industries (six-digit

NAICS). This represents an expansion of the four-digit SICbased U.S. industries from 459 in 1987. Product classes

and products of the manufacturing industries have been

assigned codes based on the industry from which they

originate. In the new system, there are about 1,500 product classes (seven-digit codes), about 6,000 census products, and an additional 3,700 CIR products (ten-digit

codes). The ten-digit products are considered the primary

products of the industry with the same first six digits.

These counts do not include the seven former manufacturing industries that are included in the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing.

For the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, all

establishments were classified in particular industries

based on the products they produced. If an establishment

made products of more than one industry, it was classified

in the industry with the largest product value. For 1997,

there were no ‘‘resistance rules’’ or ‘‘frozen industries.’’

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM

sample with certainty weights are reclassified by industry

only if the change in the primary activity from the prior

year is significant or if the change has occurred for 2 successive years. This procedure prevents reclassification

when there are minor shifts in product mix.

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM

sample with noncertainty weight are not shifted from one

industry classification to another. They are retained in the

industry where they were classified in the base census

year. However, in the following census year, these ASM

plants are allowed to shift from one industry to another.

The results of these rules covering the switching of

plants from one industry classification to another are that

some industries comprise different mixes of establishments in different survey years. Hence, comparisons

between prior-year and current-year published totals, particularly at the six-digit NAICS level, should be viewed

with caution. This is particularly true for the comparison

between the data shown for a census year versus the data

shown for the previous ASM year.

As previously noted, the small establishments that may

have been misclassified by industry are usually

administrative-record cases whose industry codes were

assigned on the basis of incomplete descriptions of the

general activity of the establishment. Such possible misclassifications have no significant effect on the statistics

other than on the number of companies and establishments.

Establishments frequently make products classified

both in their industry (primary products) and other industries (secondary products). Industry statistics (employment, payroll, value added by manufacture, value of shipments, etc.) reflect the activities of the establishments

which may make both primary and secondary products.

Product statistics, however, represent the output of all

establishments without regard for the classification of the

producing establishment. For this reason, when relating

the industry statistics, especially the value of shipments,

to the product statistics, the composition of the industry’s

output should be considered.

The extent to which industry and product statistics may

be matched with each other is measured by the primary

product specialization ratio and the coverage ratio. The

primary product specialization ratio is the proportion of

industry shipments accounted for by the primary products

of establishments classified in the industry. The coverage

ratio is the proportion of product shipments accounted for

by establishments classified in the industry.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census – manufacturing is conducted on

an establishment basis. A company operating at more

than one location is required to file a separate report for

each location or establishment. The ASM also is conducted

on an establishment basis, but separate reports are filed

for just those establishments selected in the sample. Companies engaged in distinctly different lines of activity at

one location are requested to submit separate reports if

the plant records permit such a separation and if the

activities are substantial in size.

In 1997, as in earlier years, a minimum size limit was

set for inclusion of establishments in the census. All establishments employing one person or more at any time during the census year are included. The same size limitation

has applied since 1947 in censuses and annual surveys of

manufactures. In the 1939 and earlier censuses, establishments with less than $5,000 value of products were

excluded. The change in the minimum size limit in 1947

does not appreciably affect the historical comparability of

the census figures except for data on number of establishments for a few industries.

The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing excludes

data for central administrative offices (CAOs). These

would include separately operated administrative offices,

warehouses, garages, and other auxiliary units that service manufacturing establishments of the same company.

These data are published in a separate report series.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM SURVEY SAMPLE

The annual survey of manufactures (ASM) sample is

drawn for the second survey year after a census. The most

recent sample was drawn for the 1994 survey year based

on the 1992 Census of Manufactures. This sample will be

in place through the 1998 ASM.

MANUFACTURING APPENDIX C C–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
In 1992, there were approximately 370,000 individual

manufacturing establishments. For sample efficiency and

cost considerations, the 1992 manufacturing population

was partitioned into two components for developing estimates within the ASM; a mail stratum and a nonmail stratum.

Mail stratum. The mail stratum of the survey is comprised of larger single-location manufacturing companies

and all manufacturing establishments of multiunit companies (companies that operate at more than one physical

location). Approximately 230,000 of the 370,000 establishments in the 1992 census were assigned to the mail

stratum. On an annual basis, the mail stratum is supplemented with larger, newly active single-location companies identified from a list provided by the Internal Revenue

Service (IRS) and new manufacturing locations of multiunit

companies identified from the Census Bureau’s Company

Organization Survey (COS).

For the 1994 survey, a new sample of approximately

58,000 individual establishments was selected from the

mail stratum assembled from the 1992 census. Supplemental samples representing both 1993 and 1994 births

(newly active establishments that were not included in the

1992 census) were also selected. Establishments selected

for the sample are mailed an ASM survey questionnaire for

each year through 1998.

The 1994-98 ASM sample design is similar to the one

used since 1984. Companies in the 1992 Census of Manufactures with manufacturing shipments of at least $500

million were defined as company certainties. For these

large companies, each manufacturing establishment is

included in the mail sample. For the 1994-98 sample,

there are approximately 650 certainty companies collectively accounting for over 18,000 establishments.

For the remaining portion of the mail component of the

survey, the establishment was defined as the sample unit.

All establishments with 250 employees or more were

defined as employment certainties. In addition, all establishments producing products in SIC 3571 (Electronic

Computers) were defined as certainties. Across these three

arbitrary certainty classes, there were approximately

25,000 establishments included in the sample with certainty. Collectively, these certainty establishments

accounted for approximately 80 percent of the total value

of shipments in the 1992 Census of Manufactures.

Smaller establishments in the remaining portion of the

mail stratum were sampled with probabilities ranging

from .02 to 1.00. The initial probabilities of selection

assigned to these establishments were proportionate to a

measure-of-size determined for each establishment. The

measure-of-size was a function of the establishment’s

1992 industry classification, its 1992 product class data,

and the historical variability of the year-to-year estimates

of the product class estimates. For each product class

(1,755) and four-digit industry (459), a desired reliability

constraint was specified. Using a technique developed by

Dr. James R. Chromy of the Research Triangle Institute, the

initial establishment probabilities were optimized such

that the expected sample satisfied all industry and product class reliability constraints while the sample size was

minimized. This technique reduces the likelihood of

selecting nonrepresentative samples for individual product

classes or industries.

This method of assigning probabilities based on product class shipments is motivated by our primary desire to

produce reliable estimates of both product class and

industry shipments. The high correlation between shipments and employment, value-added, and other general

statistics assures that these variables will also be well represented by the sample. The actual sample selection procedure uses an independent chance of selection method

(Poisson sampling) which permits us to prevent small

establishments from being selected in consecutive

samples without introducing a bias into the survey estimates.

Nonmail component. The initial nonmail component of

the survey was comprised of approximately 140,000

small, single-establishment companies that were tabulated

as administrative records in the 1992 Census of Manufactures. The nonmail stratum is also supplemented annually

using the list of newly active single-location companies

provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and payroll

cutoffs. Companies with payroll below the payroll cutoff

are added to the nonmail stratum. For this portion of the

population, sampling is not used. The data for this group

are estimated based on selected information obtained

annually from the administrative records of the IRS and

Social Security Administration (SSA). This administrative

information, which includes payroll, total employment,

industry classification, and physical location, is obtained

under conditions which safeguard the confidentiality of

both tax and census records.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM ESTIMATING

PROCEDURE

Most of the ASM estimates derived for the mail stratum

are computed using a difference estimator. At the establishment level, there is a strong correlation between the

current-year data values and the corresponding 1992

(base) data values. Therefore, within the mailed stratum,

for each item at each level of aggregation, an estimate of

the ‘‘difference’’ between the current year and the base

year is computed from sample cases and added to the corresponding base-year values. For the 1993-1997 ASM estimates, the 1992 Census of Manufactures values serve as

the base year. For the 1998 ASM, the base will be updated

to be the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing.

Due to the positive year-to-year correlation, estimates

derived using this methodology are generally more reliable than comparable estimates developed from the current sample data alone. Estimates for the capital expenditures variables are not generated using the difference

C–4 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
estimator because the year-to-year correlations are considerably weaker. The standard linear estimator is used for

these variables.

For the nonmail stratum, estimates for payroll and

employment are directly tabulated from the

administrative-record data provided by IRS and SSA. Estimates of data other than payroll and employment are

developed from industry averages. Although the nonmail

stratum contains approximately 170,000 individual establishments in 1994, it accounts for less than 2 percent of

the estimate for total value of shipments at the total

manufacturing level.

Corresponding estimates for the mail and nonmail components are combined to produce the estimates included

in this publication.

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ASM DATA

The estimates developed from the sample are apt to

differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all

companies in the sample lists but otherwise conducted

under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample

survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling

errors (the difference between the estimates obtained and

the results theoretically obtained from a comparable,

complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard

errors of estimates.

The particular sample selected for the ASM is one of

many similar probability samples that, by chance, might

have been selected under the same specifications. Each of

the possible samples would yield somewhat different sets

of results, and the standard errors are measures of the

variation of all the possible sample estimates around the

theoretically comparable, complete-coverage values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computed

from the sample data for selected ASM statistics in this

report. They are represented in the form of relative standard errors (the standard errors divided by the estimated

values to which they refer).

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative

standard error may be used to define confidence intervals

(ranges that would include the comparable, completecoverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples).

The complete-coverage value would be included in the

range:

From one standard error below to one standard error

above the derived estimate for about two-thirds of all

possible samples.

From two standard errors below to two standard

errors above the derived estimate for about 19 out of

20 of all possible samples.

From three standard errors below to three standard

errors above the derived estimate for nearly all

samples.

An inference that the comparable, complete-survey

result would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in approximately the relative frequencies shown.

Those proportions, therefore, may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular

sample would differ from complete-coverage results by as

much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively.

For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at

50,000 with an associated relative standard error of

2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of

50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidence

that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the completecoverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage

total, and almost certain confidence that the interval

47,000 to 53,000 includes the complete-coverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational errors: errors of

collection, reporting, coding, transcription, imputation for

nonresponse, etc. These operational errors also would

occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under

the same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of

their effects generally are not available. However, it is

believed that most of the important operational errors

were detected and corrected during the Census Bureau’s

review of the data for reasonableness and consistency.

The small operational errors usually remain. To some

extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals

shown. When important operational errors were detected

too late to correct the estimates, the data were suppressed

or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included part

of the effect of the operational errors. The total errors,

which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and

operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures shown

in the tables in this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 15 percent may be combined with

higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which

then may be of acceptable reliability.

DATA FROM THE CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS

(CIR)

The CIR program provides product statistics for

selected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in some cases, monthly and/or quarterly. When

detail product data are collected in the CIR, they are not

also collected in the census. However, the annual CIR data

are included in the census Product Summary report.

The CIR program uses a unified data collection, processing, and publication system. The Census Bureau

updates the survey panels for most reports annually and

reconciles the estimates to the results of the broaderbased annual survey of manufactures and the economic

MANUFACTURING APPENDIX C C–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
census – manufacturing. The economic census – manufacturing provides a complete list of all producers of the

products covered by the CIR program and serves as the

primary source for CIR sampling. Where a small number of

producers exist, CIR surveys cover all known producers of

a product. However, when the number of producers is

large, cutoff and random sampling techniques are used.

Surveys are continually reviewed and modified to provide

the most up-to-date information on products produced.

While the CIR program includes both mandatory and voluntary surveys, the annual data are mandatory.

DUPLICATION IN COST OF MATERIALS AND VALUE

OF SHIPMENTS

Data for cost of materials and value of shipments

include varying amounts of duplication, especially at

higher levels of aggregation. This is because the products

of one establishment may be the materials of another. The

value added statistics avoid this duplication and are, for

most purposes, the best measure for comparing the relative economic importance of industries and geographic

areas.

VALUE OF INDUSTRY SHIPMENTS COMPARED WITH

VALUE OF PRODUCT SHIPMENTS

The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing shows

value of shipments data for industries and products. In the

industry statistics tables and files, these data represent

the total value of shipments of all establishments classified in a particular industry. The data include the shipments of the products classified in the industry (primary

to the industry), products classified in other industries

(secondary to the industry), and miscellaneous receipts

(repair work, sale of scrap, research and development,

installation receipts, and resales). Value of product shipments shown in the products statistics tables and files

represent the total value of all products shipped that are

classified as primary to an industry regardless of the classification of the producing establishment.

C–6 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix D.

Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX D D–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix E.

Metropolitan Areas

Not applicable for this report.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX E E–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix F.

Footnotes for Products Statistics and Materials Consumed

by Kind

Not applicable for this report.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX F F–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Jul. 15, 1999
Appendix G.

Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes:

1997 to 1992

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3211131 24211 pt ........... .......... 24211 pt

3211131111 2421111 ....... .......... 2421161 pt

3211131121 2421115 ....... .......... 2421163 pt

3211131131 2421121 ....... .......... 2421165 pt

3211131141 2421125 ....... .......... 2421177 pt

3211131YWV 2421100 pt ...... ........ 2421100 pt

3211133 24212 pt ........... .......... 24212 pt

3211133111 2421241 ....... .......... 2421212 pt

3211133121 2421244 ....... .......... 2421213 pt

3211133131 2421247 ....... .......... 2421215 pt

3211133241 2421251 ....... .......... 2421233 pt

3211133351 2421254 ....... .......... 2421235 pt

3211133461 2421257 ....... .......... 2421237 pt

3211133YWV 2421200 pt ...... ........ 2421200 pt

3211135 24215 ........... ............ 24215

3211135111 2421516 ....... .......... 2421516

3211135121 2421522 ....... .......... 2421522 3211135231 2421518 ....... .......... 2421518 3211135241 2421524 ....... .......... 2421524 3211135YWV 2421500 ...... .......... 2421500

3211137 pt 24218 pt ......... .......... 24218 pt

3211137 pt 24219 pt ......... .......... 24219 pt

3211137 pt 24290 pt ......... .......... 24290 pt 3211137111 2421817 ....... .......... 2421817 3211137121 2421813 ....... .......... 2421813 3211137131 pt 2429011 pt ..... ........ 2429004 3211137131 pt 2429011 pt ..... ........ 2429007

3211137131 pt 2429011 pt ..... ........ 2429009 3211137141 2421911 ....... .......... 2421911 3211137YWV pt 2421800 pt .... ........ 2421800 pt

3211137YWV pt 2421900 pt .... ........ 2421900 pt

321113W pt 24210 pt ........ .......... 24210 pt

321113W pt 24290 pt ........ .......... 24290 pt

321113W pt 24390 pt ........ .......... 24390 pt

321113WYWW pt 2421000 pt ... ........ 2421000 pt

321113WYWW pt 2429000 pt ... ........ 2429000 pt

321113WYWW pt 2439000 pt ... ........ 2439000 pt

321113WYWW pt 2439085 ... .......... 2439033 pt

321113WYWY pt 2421002 pt ... ........ 2421002 pt

321113WYWY pt 2429002 pt ... ........ 2429002 pt

321113WYWY pt 2439002 pt ... ........ 2439002 pt

3211141 24912 ........... ............ 24912

3211141111 2491201 ....... .......... 2491201

3211141121 2491203 ....... .......... 2491203

3211141131 pt 2491208 pt ..... ........ 2491205

3211141131 pt 2491208 pt ..... ........ 2491207

3211141141 2491209 ....... .......... 2491209

3211141151 2491212 ....... .......... 2491212

3211141161 2491214 ....... .......... 2491214

3211141171 2491216 ....... .......... 2491216

3211141YWV 2491200 ...... .......... 2491200

3211145 24913 ........... ............ 24913 3211145111 2491302 ....... .......... 2491302 3211145121 2491305 ....... .......... 2491305 3211145131 2491307 ....... .......... 2491307 3211145141 2491309 ....... .......... 2491309

3211145151 2491312 ....... .......... 2491312

3211145161 2491314 ....... .......... 2491314

3211145171 2491317 ....... .......... 2491317

3211145191 2491321 ....... .......... 2491321

3211145YWV 2491300 ...... .......... 2491300

3211149 24919 ........... ............ 24919

3211149111 2491905 ....... .......... 2491905

3211149121 2491907 ....... .......... 2491907

3211149191 2491911 ....... .......... 2491911

3211149YWV 2491900 ...... .......... 2491900

321114W 24910 .......... ............ 24910

321114WYWW 2491000 ..... .......... 2491000

321114WYWY 2491002 ..... .......... 2491002

3212111 24354 ........... ............ 24354

3212111111 2435419 ....... .......... 2435419

3212111221 2435415 ....... .......... 2435415

3212111231 2435417 ....... .......... 2435417

3212111241 2435421 ....... .......... 2435421

3212111251 2435427 ....... .......... 2435427 3212111261 2435431 ....... .......... 2435431

3212111YWV 2435400 ...... .......... 2435400

3212113 24351 ........... ............ 24351

3212113111 2435101 ....... .......... 2435101

3212113221 2435105 ....... .......... 2435105

3212113231 2435107 ....... .......... 2435107

3212113291 2435147 ....... .......... 2435147

3212113YWV 2435100 ...... .......... 2435100

3212115 24352 ........... ............ 24352

3212115100 2435200 ....... .......... 2435200

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3212117 24353 ........... ............ 24353

3212117111 2435331 ....... .......... 2435331

3212117291 2435398 ....... .......... 2435398

3212117YWV pt 2435300 pt .... ........ 2435300

3212117YWV pt 2435300 pt .... ........ 2435311

321211W 24350 .......... ............ 24350 321211WYWW 2435000 ..... .......... 2435000 321211WYWY 2435002 ..... .......... 2435002

3212121 24364 ........... ............ 24364

3212121100 2436400 ....... .......... 2436400

3212123 24365 ........... ............ 24365 3212123111 2436501 ....... .......... 2436501 3212123221 2436505 ....... .......... 2436505 3212123331 2436511 ....... .......... 2436511 3212123441 2436521 ....... .......... 2436521 3212123451 2436523 ....... .......... 2436523 3212123YWV 2436500 ...... .......... 2436500

3212125 24366 ........... ............ 24366

3212125111 2436607 ....... .......... 2436607

3212125121 2436611 ....... .......... 2436611

3212125131 2436613 ....... .......... 2436613

3212125141 2436615 ....... .......... 2436615

3212125151 2436617 ....... .......... 2436617

3212125YWV 2436600 ...... .......... 2436600

3212127 24367 ........... ............ 24367

3212127111 2436703 ....... .......... 2436703 3212127121 2436721 ....... .......... 2436721

3212127191 pt 2436727 pt ..... ........ 2436723

3212127191 pt 2436727 pt ..... ........ 2436725

3212127YWV 2436700 ...... .......... 2436700

3212129 24363 ........... ............ 24363

3212129111 2436331 ....... .......... 2436331

3212129191 2436398 ....... .......... 2436398

3212129YWV pt 2436300 pt .... ........ 2436300

3212129YWV pt 2436300 pt .... ........ 2436311

321212W 24360 .......... ............ 24360 321212WYWW 2436000 ..... .......... 2436000 321212WYWY 2436002 ..... .......... 2436002

3212130 24390 pt ........... .......... 24390 pt

3212130111 2439011 ....... .......... 2439098 pt

3212130221 2439015 ....... .......... 2439031

3212130231 2439021 ....... .......... 2439098 pt

3212130241 pt 2439025 pt ..... ........ 2439035

3212130241 pt 2439025 pt ..... ........ 2439098 pt

3212130YWW 2439000 pt ...... ........ 2439000 pt

3212130YWY 2439002 pt ...... ........ 2439002 pt

3212140 24390 pt ........... .......... 24390 pt

3212140111 pt 2439061 pt ..... ........ 2439051 pt

3212140111 pt 2439061 pt ..... ........ 2439098 pt 3212140121 2439065 ....... .......... 2439098 pt

3212140131 pt 2439071 pt ..... ........ 2439051 pt

3212140131 pt 2439071 pt ..... ........ 2439098 pt

3212140YWW 2439000 pt ...... ........ 2439000 pt

3212140YWY 2439002 pt ...... ........ 2439002 pt

3212191 24931 ........... ............ 24931

3212191111 pt 2493111 pt ..... ........ 2493120

3212191111 pt 2493111 pt ..... ........ 2493121 pt

3212191221 pt 2493115 pt ..... ........ 2493103

3212191221 pt 2493115 pt ..... ........ 2493105

3212191291 2493191 ....... .......... 2493121 pt

3212191YWV 2493100 ...... .......... 2493100

3212192 24932 ........... ............ 24932 3212192111 2493205 ....... .......... 2493205

3212192121 2493207 ....... .......... 2493207

3212192191 pt 2493291 pt ..... ........ 2493209

3212192191 pt 2493291 pt ..... ........ 2493221

3212192YWV 2493200 ...... .......... 2493200

3212193 24933 ........... ............ 24933 3212193111 pt 2493311 pt ..... ........ 2493314 pt

3212193111 pt 2493311 pt ..... ........ 2493316 pt

3212193191 pt 2493391 pt ..... ........ 2493314 pt

3212193191 pt 2493391 pt ..... ........ 2493316 pt 3212193YWV 2493300 ...... .......... 2493300

3212194 24934 ........... ............ 24934 3212194111 2493412 ....... .......... 2493412 3212194121 2493414 ....... .......... 2493414 3212194131 2493416 ....... .......... 2493416 3212194141 2493417 ....... .......... 2493417

3212194151 2493418 ....... .......... 2493418

3212194161 2493419 ....... .......... 2493419

3212194YWV 2493400 ...... .......... 2493400

3212195 24935 ........... ............ 24935

3212195100 2493500 ....... .......... 2493500

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3212197 24936 ........... ............ 24936

3212197111 2493612 ....... .......... 2493612

3212197121 2493616 ....... .......... 2493616

3212197131 2493617 ....... .......... 2493617

3212197YWV 2493600 ...... .......... 2493600

3212198 24937 ........... ............ 24937

3212198111 2493721 ....... .......... 2493721

3212198121 2493731 ....... .......... 2493731

3212198YWV 2493700 ...... .......... 2493700

321219W 24930 .......... ............ 24930

321219WYWW 2493000 ..... .......... 2493000

321219WYWY 2493002 ..... .......... 2493002

3219111 24311 ........... ............ 24311

3219111111 2431131 ....... .......... 2431131

3219111121 2431132 ....... .......... 2431132

3219111231 2431135 ....... .......... 2431135

3219111241 2431136 ....... .......... 2431136

3219111351 2431142 ....... .......... 2431141 pt

3219111361 2431143 ....... .......... 2431141 pt

3219111391 pt 2431191 pt ..... ........ 2431134

3219111391 pt 2431191 pt ..... ........ 2431145

3219111YWV 2431100 ...... .......... 2431100

3219113 24312 ........... ............ 24312 3219113111 2431209 ....... .......... 2431209 3219113121 2431215 ....... .......... 2431215 3219113YWV 2431200 ...... .......... 2431200

3219115 24313 ........... ............ 24313

3219115111 2431313 ....... .......... 2431313 3219115121 2431315 ....... .......... 2431315 3219115YWV 2431300 ...... .......... 2431300

3219117 24314 ........... ............ 24314 3219117111 2431411 ....... .......... 2431411 3219117115 2431413 ....... .......... 2431413 3219117121 2431419 ....... .......... 2431419 3219117131 2431431 ....... .......... 2431431 3219117135 2431433 ....... .......... 2431433

3219117141 2431435 ....... .......... 2431435

3219117145 2431437 ....... .......... 2431437

3219117151 2431441 ....... .......... 2431441

3219117155 2431445 ....... .......... 2431445

3219117161 pt 2431449 pt ..... ........ 2431446

3219117161 pt 2431449 pt ..... ........ 2431448

3219117171 2431461 ....... .......... 2431400 pt

3219117YWV 2431400 ...... .......... 2431400 pt

3219119 24315 ........... ............ 24315

3219119111 2431561 ....... .......... 2431561

3219119121 2431584 ....... .......... 2431584

3219119131 2431585 ....... .......... 2431585

3219119141 2431587 ....... .......... 2431587

3219119151 2431588 ....... .......... 2431597 pt

3219119191 pt 2431591 pt ..... ........ 2431575

3219119191 pt 2431591 pt ..... ........ 2431581

3219119191 pt 2431591 pt ..... ........ 2431597 pt

3219119YWV 2431500 ...... .......... 2431500

321911W 24310 pt .......... .......... 24310 pt

321911WYWW 2431000 pt ..... ........ 2431000 pt

321911WYWY 2431002 pt ..... ........ 2431002 pt

3219121 24211 pt ........... .......... 24211 pt

3219121111 2421135 ....... .......... 2421161 pt

3219121121 2421141 ....... .......... 2421163 pt

3219121131 2421145 ....... .......... 2421165 pt

3219121141 2421151 ....... .......... 2421177 pt

3219121151 pt 2421155 pt ..... ........ 2421161 pt

3219121151 pt 2421155 pt ..... ........ 2421163 pt

3219121151 pt 2421155 pt ..... ........ 2421165 pt

3219121151 pt 2421155 pt ..... ........ 2421175

3219121YWV 2421100 pt ...... ........ 2421100 pt

3219123 24212 pt ........... .......... 24212 pt 3219123111 2421264 ....... .......... 2421212 pt

3219123121 2421267 ....... .......... 2421213 pt

3219123131 2421271 ....... .......... 2421215 pt

3219123141 2421274 ....... .......... 2421233 pt

3219123151 2421277 ....... .......... 2421235 pt

3219123161 2421281 ....... .......... 2421237 pt

3219123171 pt 2421284 pt ..... ........ 2421212 pt

3219123171 pt 2421284 pt ..... ........ 2421213 pt

3219123171 pt 2421284 pt ..... ........ 2421215 pt

3219123171 pt 2421284 pt ..... ........ 2421231

3219123YWV 2421200 pt ...... ........ 2421200 pt

3219125 24262 ........... ............ 24262

3219125111 2426231 ....... .......... 2426224 pt

3219125115 2426241 ....... .......... 2426224 pt

3219125221 2426233 ....... .......... 2426251 pt

3219125225 2426243 ....... .......... 2426251 pt

3219125331 2426235 ....... .......... 2426281 pt

3219125335 2426245 ....... .......... 2426281 pt

3219125441 2426283 ....... .......... 2426283

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX G G–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3219125444 2426285 ....... .......... 2426285

3219125447 2426286 ....... .......... 2426286

3219125451 2426287 ....... .......... 2426287

3219125YWV 2426200 ...... .......... 2426200

3219127 pt 24217 ......... ............ 24217

3219127 pt 24994 pt ......... .......... 24994 pt 3219127111 2421711 ....... .......... 2421711 3219127121 2421751 ....... .......... 2421751 3219127131 pt 2499493 pt ..... ........ 2499491 pt

3219127131 pt 2499493 pt ..... ........ 2499498 pt

3219127YWV pt 2421700 .... .......... 2421700 3219127YWV pt 2499400 pt .... ........ 2499400 pt

3219129 pt 24218 pt ......... .......... 24218 pt

3219129 pt 24219 pt ......... .......... 24219 pt 3219129111 2421825 ....... .......... 2421825 3219129121 2421823 ....... .......... 2421823 3219129131 2421971 ....... .......... 2421951 pt

3219129YWV pt 2421800 pt .... ........ 2421800 pt

3219129YWV pt 2421900 pt .... ........ 2421900 pt

321912W pt 24210 pt ........ .......... 24210 pt

321912W pt 24260 pt ........ .......... 24260 pt

321912W pt 24390 pt ........ .......... 24390 pt

321912W pt 24990 pt ........ .......... 24990 pt

321912WYWW pt 2421000 pt ... ........ 2421000 pt

321912WYWW pt 2426000 pt ... ........ 2426000 pt

321912WYWW pt 2439000 pt ... ........ 2439000 pt

321912WYWW pt 2439081 ... .......... 2439033 pt

321912WYWW pt 2499000 pt ... ........ 2499000 pt

321912WYWY pt 2421002 pt ... ........ 2421002 pt

321912WYWY pt 2426002 pt ... ........ 2426002 pt

321912WYWY pt 2439002 pt ... ........ 2439002 pt

321912WYWY pt 2499002 pt ... ........ 2499002 pt

3219181 24316 ........... ............ 24316

3219181111 2431621 ....... .......... 2431621

3219181121 2431631 ....... .......... 2431631

3219181131 2431651 ....... .......... 2431651

3219181YWV 2431600 ...... .......... 2431600

3219183 24317 ........... ............ 24317 3219183111 2431725 ....... .......... 2431725 3219183121 2431771 ....... .......... 2431771 3219183YWV 2431700 ...... .......... 2431700

3219185 pt 24218 pt ......... .......... 24218 pt

3219185 pt 24318 ......... ............ 24318

3219185111 2431821 ....... .......... 2431821

3219185121 2431825 ....... .......... 2431825

3219185131 2431835 ....... .......... 2431835

3219185141 2431873 ....... .......... 2431873

3219185151 2431877 ....... .......... 2431877

3219185161 2421811 ....... .......... 2421811

3219185191 pt 2431891 pt ..... ........ 2431833

3219185191 pt 2431891 pt ..... ........ 2431898

3219185YWV pt 2421800 pt .... ........ 2421800 pt

3219185YWV pt 2431800 .... .......... 2431800

3219187 24261 ........... ............ 24261

3219187111 2426111 ....... .......... 2426111

3219187121 2426121 ....... .......... 2426121

3219187131 2426123 ....... .......... 2426123

3219187241 2426131 ....... .......... 2426131

3219187251 2426141 ....... .......... 2426141

3219187291 2426198 ....... .......... 2426198

3219187YWV 2426100 ...... .......... 2426100

321918W pt 24210 pt ........ .......... 24210 pt

321918W pt 24260 pt ........ .......... 24260 pt

321918W pt 24310 pt ........ .......... 24310 pt

321918WYWW pt 2421000 pt ... ........ 2421000 pt

321918WYWW pt 2426000 pt ... ........ 2426000 pt

321918WYWW pt 2431000 pt ... ........ 2431000 pt

321918WYWY pt 2421002 pt ... ........ 2421002 pt

321918WYWY pt 2426002 pt ... ........ 2426002 pt

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

321918WYWY pt 2431002 pt ... ........ 2431002 pt

3219201 24411 ........... ............ 24411

3219201111 2441127 ....... .......... 2441127

3219201121 2441163 ....... .......... 2441163

3219201YWV 2441100 ...... .......... 2441100

3219203 24412 ........... ............ 24412 3219203111 2441211 ....... .......... 2441211 3219203121 2441215 ....... .......... 2441215 3219203131 2441225 ....... .......... 2441225 3219203YWV 2441200 ...... .......... 2441200

3219205 24480 pt ........... .......... 24480 pt

3219205111 2448062 ....... .......... 2448062

3219205221 2448065 ....... .......... 2448065

3219205231 2448066 ....... .......... 2448066

3219205241 2448064 ....... .......... 2448064

3219205YWV 2448000 pt ...... ........ 2448000 pt

3219207 pt 24290 pt ......... .......... 24290 pt

3219207 pt 24490 pt ......... .......... 24490 pt

3219207 pt 24994 pt ......... .......... 24994 pt 3219207111 2449011 ....... .......... 2449011 3219207121 2449021 ....... .......... 2449021 3219207131 2449043 ....... .......... 2449043 3219207141 2449073 ....... .......... 2449073 3219207151 2499411 ....... .......... 2499411 3219207191 pt 2429021 ..... .......... 2429087 pt

3219207191 pt 2449061 ..... .......... 2449061 3219207191 pt 2499481 ..... .......... 2499498 pt

3219207YWV pt 2449000 pt .... ........ 2449000 pt

3219207YWV pt 2499400 pt .... ........ 2499400 pt

321920W pt 24290 pt ........ .......... 24290 pt

321920W pt 24410 ........ ............ 24410

321920W pt 24480 pt ........ .......... 24480 pt

321920W pt 24490 pt ........ .......... 24490 pt

321920W pt 24990 pt ........ .......... 24990 pt

321920WYWW pt 2429000 pt ... ........ 2429000 pt

321920WYWW pt 2441000 ... .......... 2441000 321920WYWW pt 2448000 pt ... ........ 2448000 pt

321920WYWW pt 2449000 pt ... ........ 2449000 pt

321920WYWW pt 2499000 pt ... ........ 2499000 pt

321920WYWY pt 2429002 pt ... ........ 2429002 pt

321920WYWY pt 2441002 ... .......... 2441002 321920WYWY pt 2448002 ... .......... 2448002 321920WYWY pt 2449002 ... .......... 2449002 321920WYWY pt 2499002 pt ... ........ 2499002 pt

3219911 24511 ........... ............ 24511

3219911111 2451111 ....... .......... 2451111

3219911121 pt 2451112 pt ..... ........ 2451113

3219911121 pt 2451112 pt ..... ........ 2451115 3219911231 2451114 ....... .......... 2451117 pt 3219911241 2451116 ....... .......... 2451117 pt 3219911351 2451118 ....... .......... 2451118 3219911YWV 2451100 ...... .......... 2451100

3219915 24512 ........... ............ 24512

3219915111 2451222 ....... .......... 2451222

3219915121 2451230 ....... .......... 2451230

3219915YWV 2451200 ...... .......... 2451200

321991W 24510 .......... ............ 24510

321991WYWW 2451000 ..... .......... 2451000

321991WYWY 2451002 ..... .......... 2451002

3219921 24521 ........... ............ 24521

3219921111 2452173 ....... .......... 2452173

3219921121 2452175 ....... .......... 2452175

3219921YWV 2452100 ...... .......... 2452100

3219923 24522 ........... ............ 24522

3219923111 2452217 ....... .......... 2452217

3219923121 2452219 ....... .......... 2452219

3219923131 2452223 ....... .......... 2452223

3219923YWV 2452200 ...... .......... 2452200

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3219925 24523 ........... ............ 24523

3219925111 2452333 ....... .......... 2452333

3219925121 2452335 ....... .......... 2452335

3219925131 2452337 ....... .......... 2452337

3219925YWV 2452300 ...... .......... 2452300

3219927 24524 ........... ............ 24524

3219927111 2452441 ....... .......... 2452441

3219927221 2452447 ....... .......... 2452447

3219927YWV 2452400 ...... .......... 2452400

321992W 24520 .......... ............ 24520

321992WYWW 2452000 ..... .......... 2452000

321992WYWY 2452002 ..... .......... 2452002

3219990 pt 24210 pt ......... .......... 24210 pt

3219990 pt 24218 pt ......... .......... 24218 pt

3219990 pt 24219 pt ......... .......... 24219 pt

3219990 pt 24290 pt ......... .......... 24290 pt

3219990 pt 24990 pt ......... .......... 24990 pt

3219990 pt 24991 pt ......... .......... 24991 pt

3219990 pt 24992 ......... ............ 24992

3219990 pt 24994 pt ......... .......... 24994 pt

3219990 pt 31310 pt ......... .......... 31310 pt

3219990 pt 39990 pt ......... .......... 39990 pt

3219990 pt 39999 pt ......... .......... 39999 pt

3219990111 2499131 ....... .......... 2499131

3219990114 2499200 ....... .......... 2499200

3219990121 2499414 ....... .......... 2499414

3219990124 2499416 ....... .......... 2499416

3219990127 2499417 ....... .......... 2499417

3219990131 2499419 ....... .......... 2499419

3219990134 2499423 ....... .......... 2499423

3219990137 2499426 ....... .......... 2499425 pt

3219990141 2499441 ....... .......... 2499441

3219990144 2499451 ....... .......... 2499451

3219990147 2499454 ....... .......... 2499454

3219990151 2499457 ....... .......... 2499457

3219990154 2499458 ....... .......... 2499458

3219990157 2499462 ....... .......... 2499462

3219990161 2499471 ....... .......... 2499471

3219990164 2499475 ....... .......... 2499475

3219990167 2499485 ....... .......... 2499485

3219990171 2499489 ....... .......... 2499489

3219990174 2499497 ....... .......... 2499497

3219990191 pt 2421896 ..... .......... 2421896

3219990191 pt 2421961 ..... .......... 2421951 pt

3219990191 pt 2429031 ..... .......... 2429087 pt

3219990191 pt 2499496 pt ..... ........ 2499425 pt

3219990191 pt 2499492 ..... .......... 2499491 pt

3219990191 pt 2499496 pt ..... ........ 2499498 pt

3219990191 pt 3131033 ..... .......... 3131061 pt

3219990191 pt 3999994 pt ..... ........ 3999913 pt

3219990191 pt 3999994 pt ..... ........ 3999942 pt

3219990191 pt 3999931 ..... .......... 3999999 pt

3219990191 pt 3999994 pt ..... ........ 3999999 pt

3219990YWW pt 2421000 pt ... ........ 2421000 pt

3219990YWW pt 2421800 pt ... ........ 2421800 pt

3219990YWW pt 2421900 pt ... ........ 2421900 pt

3219990YWW pt 2429000 pt ... ........ 2429000 pt

3219990YWW pt 2499000 pt ... ........ 2499000 pt

3219990YWW pt 2499100 pt ... ........ 2499100 pt

3219990YWW pt 2499400 pt ... ........ 2499400 pt

3219990YWW pt 3131000 pt ... ........ 3131000 pt

3219990YWW pt 3999000 pt ... ........ 3999000 pt

3219990YWW pt 3999900 pt ... ........ 3999900 pt

3219990YWY pt 2421002 pt .... ........ 2421002 pt

3219990YWY pt 2429002 pt .... ........ 2429002 pt

3219990YWY pt 2499002 pt .... ........ 2499002 pt

3219990YWY pt 3131002 pt .... ........ 3131002 pt

3219990YWY pt 3999002 pt .... ........ 3999002 pt

G–2 APPENDIX G MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
EC97M-3212D 1997 Truss Manufacturing 1997 Economic Census Manufacturing Industry Series USCENSUSBUREAU