p. 1



# OAR Box 1394 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 30 ) ll-C-2 6
Docket Number: 

# A-94-5 2

Printed 7/3/2008 8:22:03 A M

Sheet 30of 55Y l0ST ^.

o

« - PRO* t 0 P. 2

^ 

## *l Jf1$

UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y

RESEARC H TRIANGL E PARK

. N C 2771 1

OFFIC E O F AI R QUALIT

Y PLANNIN G AN D STANDARD S

Octobe r 20 , 199 5 Dea r Tea mand/o r Wor k Grou p Member : ;*A^-fr,Vli.*! J 'F'V ' 

## DE C 3 5 %& EP A AI R DOCKE

T *& &. Pe r th e Septembe

r 27 , 199 5 meeting , I a

mforwarding acopy o

f adraf t "Industr y Descriptio n Memorandum " t o th e trade associatio n member s an d other s wh

o hav e volunteere d t

o revie w it

. Thi s memorandu mcontain s information on th e Standar d Industria l Code s include d i

n th e reinforce d plasti c composite s sourc e category , informatio n about majo r source s an

d thei r locations , employmen

t information , resi n shipmen t data , an d existin g Stat

e an d loca l regulation s fo r th e industry

. I

f anyone els e would lik

e t o revie w thi s memorandum , pleas e contac t m e a t (919)541-2383

. Sincerely , 

## ^ A Madeleine Stru

m Environmenta

l Enginee r Coating s an

d Consume

r Product s Grou

p Enclosur e

/P. 3

Addressees : Mar k Bahner , RTI , w/Enclosur

e Moha n Balagopalan , SCAQM

D Jane t Beloin , Regio n I (Electronically Sent ) Bo b Burmark , Washingto n DO E (Electronically Sent

) Nei l Carman , SierraClu

b (fo r Be n Pamar ) Leonardo Ceron , Regio n I

V (Electronically Sent

) Lind aChappell , OAQPS/AQSS D (Electronically Sent ) Patrici aEmbrey , OG

C (Electronically Sent

) Bo b Fegley , OR

D (Electronically Sent

) Chuc k French , OAQPS/AQSS D (Electronically Sent ) Lind aHerring , OAQPS/ES D (Electronically Sent ) Nor mKaplan , OR

D (Electronically Sent

) Emer y Kong , RT

I Karen Levy , OPA

R (Electronically Sent

) Mari aMalave , OEC

A (Electronically Sent

) Hail e Mariam , OS W (Electronically Sent ) Crai g Matthiessen , OSWE

R (Electronically Sent

) Stev e McNally , Composite s Fabricator s Assoc , w/Enclosur e Christin e McPhee , Ohi o EP A Arnol d Medbery , OSDB U (Electronically Sent ) Richar d Nielson , Clar

k County , N

V Carlo s Nunez , OR

D (Electronically Sent

) Nanc y Pate , OAQPS/ITPI

D (Electronically Sent

) Solomo n Ricks , OAQPS/EMA D (Electronically Sent

) Ro n Ryan , OAQPS/EMA

D (Electronically Sent

) Joh n Schweitzer , Composite s Institute , w/Enclosur e Jorda n Spooner , OPPT/PP

D (Electronically Sent

)



# 2 .P. 4

MEMORANDU

M
TO : Madeleine Stru m U.S

. EPA/ESD/CCP G FROM : Gre g LaFla

man d Melani e Procto r % Pacifi c Environmenta

l Services , Inc
. (PES ) DATE : Octobe

r 17 , 199 5 L:\N40 4 SUBJECT : Industr

y Descriptio n Memorandu

m
Thi s memorandu

mcontain s the final versio n o f the industr

y descriptio n memorandum , as describe d unde

r tas k 7 in PES' s revise d wor

k pla n dated Augus t

10 , 1995

. Comment s fro

m the Septembe

r 2 7 pre-MAC T tea

mmeeting abou

t th e cutof f fo r majo r source s hav e bee n incorporated

.

2. 0 DESCRIPTION O F THE AFFECTE D INDUSTR

Y
Introductio n t

o industr y description. 1 The reinforce d plasti c composite s industr y manufacture s product s fromcured , cross-linke d resins , usuall y i n combinatio n wit

h reinforcin g agent s an d inorgani c fillers. Thi s industr y produce s awid

e variet y o f product s traversin g suc

h market segment s a s transportation , construction , electronics , consume r products , marine , and aerospace . Thi s divers e sourc e categor y encompasse s a s man

y a s 3 3 Standar

d Industria

l Classificatio n (SIC ) codes. 2, 3 Plasti c composit e boa t buildin g ha s bee

n specificall

y exclude d fro mthi s rul e developmen

t effor t an d will b e addresse d separately

. Plastic s are divide d int o tw o majo r group s known a s thermoset an d thermoplastic

. Onc e cure d int o asoli d form , thermoset material s remai n ahar

d solid

. Thermoplastics , o n the othe r hand , ca n b e melte d numerou s time s throug h the applicatio n o f heat

. Th e reinforce d plasti c composite s sourc e categor y include s onl

y thermose

t materials

. Thermoset

resin s ar e usually liquid s o r

lo w melting point

solid s i n their initia l form

. I n th e productio n o

f finished goods , thermosettin g


# 3P. 5

resin s ar e cure d int

o asoli d b y us e o f acatalyst , heat , o r

acombinatio n o

f both

. 2. 1 GENERA

L DESCRIPTION
2.1. 1 Type s o

f industria l group s included. 2 * 3 The SI C code s include d in th e reinforce d plasti c composite s sourc e categor y wer e determine d by searchin g th e toxi c releas e inventor y syste m(TRIS ) dat

abas e fo r facilitie s emittin g styrene , amajo r hazardou s ai r

pollutant (HAP) emitte d by thi s sourc e category
. The TRI S databas e identified atota l set o f 23 2 SIC code s unde r th e pollutant

styrene
. Code s wer

e delete d fo

r categorie s tha

t clearl y di d not

fit th e reinforce d plasti c composite s sourc e category
. Th e 3 3 remaining SIC code s contai n facilitie s involve d i n the productio n o f plasti c composites

. However , i t i s cautione d tha

t not al l facilitie s tha t ma y fal l unde r thes e 3 3 SI

C code s ar

e in th e composite s industry

. I n addition , there coul d b e facilitie s no t

encompassed b

y thes e 3 3 SI

C code s tha

t ma y us e thermoset

resin s in thei r operations

. Tabl e 2- 1 show s atabl e o f th e 3 3 SI C code s potentially covere d under th e plasti c composite s NESHAP

. 2.1. 2 Numbe

r o f sources. 2 4 The distributio n o f source s i n the reinforce d plasti c composite s sourc e categor

y b y SI C cod e i s als o shown in Tabl e 2-1

. The majorit y o f the source s (8 0 percent) are classifie d unde r SI C code s 30 8 an

d 307 , -whic

h classifie s miscellaneou s plastic s products

. SI C cod e 30 7 i s a n ol d cod e used i n the 197 2 editio n o

f the Standar d Industria

l Classificatio n Manual 5 , bu t TRI S stil l include s severa

l facilitie s wit

h thi s code

. Approximately 6 percent o f th e source s include d in th

e composite s industr

y ar e classifie d under

SI C cod e 371 , which applie s t

o moto r vehicle s an

d motor vehicl e equipment

. The remainin g 1 4 percen

t o f th e facilitie s ar

e distribute d ove

r 1 8 differen

t three-digi t

SIC codes

. Tabl e 2- 2 show s acomplet e lis t o f th e three-digi t

SI C code s fo r thi s sourc e categor

y an d their definitions

.



# AP. 6

TABL E 2- 1 STYREN E SOURCES OBTAINE

D FRO M THE 199 3 SURVE

Y AN D 199 2 TRI S 2A 3 3 SI C Code s Covere d Unde

r Plasti c Composite s NESHA P

SI C Cod e

243 4 251 1 3079 c 308 3 308 4 308 7 308 8 308 9 328 1 329 6 336 5 349 9 353 3 361 2 362 1 3647 371 1 371 3 371 4 371 5 Titl e

Woo d Kitche n Cabinet s Woo d Househol d Furniture Plastic s Products , NEC Laminated Plastic s Plastic s Pip e CustomCompoun

d Resin s Plastic s Plumbing Fixture s Plastic s Products , NEC Cut Ston e an d Ston e Product s Minera l Wool Aluminu mFoundrie s Fabricate d Meta

l Products , NEC Oil/Ga s Fiel d Machinery/Equip

. Powe r Transformer s Motor s an d Generator s Vehicula r Lightin g Equipmen

t Motor Veh./Pass

. Ca

r Bodie s Tmc k an d Bu s Bodie s Motor Veh

. Parts/Accessorie s Truck Trailer s Tota l Faciliti e s

1 1 6 0 3 2 8 2 7 10 7 24 5 9 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 3 1 4 

### i Majo

r Sources a

0 1 2 4 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 12 9 3 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 9 6 1 HA

P Emission s fo

r Majo r Source s fro

m 199 3 Surve

y an d 199 2 TRI S Dat afo

r Styrene (tons) b

0 1 2 1,08 1 74 2 4 0 46 5 4,92 9 9,76 3 9 2 1,61 3 3 2 4 6 1 1 4 8 0 1 6 3 7 37 6 18 5 9 6 

# < rP. 7

TABL E 2- 1 (Concluded) 371 6 372 1 372 8 374 3 379 2 379 5 394 9 396 5 399 3 399 8 399 9 403 6 873 4 Motor

Home s Aircraf t Aircraf t Parts/Equipment , NEC Railroa d Equipmen

t Trave l Trailers/Camper s Tanks/Tan k Component s Sporting/Athleti c Goods , NEC Fasteners , Buttons , Etc
. Signs/Advertisin g Specialtie s

d Manufacturing Industries , NEC

d Testin g Laboratorie s TOTA L 6

1 1 1 1 8 1 8 3 1 3 2 3 1 1 602 5

1 1 1 1 3 1 3 0 1 2 1 2 0 0 29 1 17 3

2 2 2 8 12 8 51 0 7 7 6 4 0 5 6 3 0 35 9 0 0 21,03 1 Majo r source s i n thi s tabl e ar

e considere d t

o be ope n moldin g facilitie s (e.g. , facilitie s conducting ge l coating , sprayup , han

d layup , o r filamen t winding ) wit

h mor e tha n 4.3 4 ton s o

f HA P emission s per

yea r an d othe r non ope n moldin g facilitie s wit

h mor e tha n 1 0 ton s pe

r yea r o f styren e emission s a s reporte d i

n th e 199 3 industr

y surve y o r 199 2 TRIS

. I

f surve y information wa s incomplet e o r unavailable 1992 TRI S dat awas use d to determine the facility' s emissions

. Th e reaso n fo

r choosin g alowe r cutof f fo r ope n molding facilitie s i s tha

t recen t studie s have show

n tha t EPA' s emissio n facto

r document , AP-42 , i s likel

y t o underestimat

e emission s fo r ope n moldin g operation s b

y afacto r o f 2.3

. Since man

y facilitie s us e AP-4 2 emissio n factors t o calculat e thei r emissions , asafet

y facto r i s needed t

o ensur e tha t al l majo r source s ar

e included

. HA P emission s informatio

n wa s take n fromth e 199 3 industr

y survey . Whe

n surve y information was unavailable , 1992 TRIS dat awer e used

. A s explained unde r foomot e a , emission s fo

r ope n moldin g facilitie s wer e multiplie d b

y afacto r o f 2.3

. Sinc e TRI S dat

ad o no t identif y th e proces s used , i

t was assume

d tha t al l facilitie s fo

r whic h onl y TRIS dat

awer e available engage

d i n ope n moldin g operations

. Therefore , facilitie s wit h TRI S emission s o

f mor e tha n 4.3 4 ton s o

f styren e pe r yea r wer e considere d majo

r sources . SI C cod e 307 9 was use

d i n th e 1972 edition , bu

t wa s eliminated i

n th e 198 7 edition

. TRI S nonetheles s include s severa

l facilitie s wit

h thi s code

. Whil

e cod e 307 9 ha s th

e sam e titl e as "new " cod

e 3089 , non

e o f th e TRI S facilitie s listed unde

r 307 9 als o appea

r unde r 3089

. SI C code s 399 8 an

d 403 6 wer

e no t use d i n th e 1972 o r 198 7 edition , bu

t TRI S include s facilitie s wit h thes e codes

.P. 8

TABL E 2- 2 LIS T O F THREE-DIGI

T SI C CODE S AN

D DESCRIPTION POSSIBL Y INCLUDE

D I N REINFORCE

D PLASTIC COMPOSITE S INDUSTR Y a4

- 5

SI C Cod e 24 3 25 1 307 30 8 32 8 32 9 33 6 34 9 35 3
36 1 36 2 364 37 1 37 2 37 4 37 9 39 4 39 6
39 9 DESCRIPTION

Millwork , Veneer , Plywood , An d Structura

l Woo d Member s Househol d Furnitur

e Miscellaneou s Plastic s Product s (Ol d Category ) Miscellaneou s Plastic s Product s Cu t Ston e An d Ston e Product s Abrasive , Asbestos , An

d Miscellaneou s Nonmetalli c Minera l Product s Nonferrou s Foundrie s Miscellaneou s Fabricate d Meta l Product s Construction , Mining , An

d Material s Handlin g Machiner y An d Equipmen

t Electri c Transmissio n An

d Distributio n Equipmen

t Electrica l Industria l Apparatu s Electrica l Lightin g An

d Wirin g Equipmen

t Motor Vehicle s An

d Moto r Vehicl e Equipmen

t Aircraf t An d Part s Railroa d Equipmen

t Miscellaneou s Transportatio n Equipmen t Dolls , Toys , Game s An

d Sportin g An

d Athletic s Good s Costum e Jewelry , Costum

e Novelties , Buttons , An

d Miscellaneou s Notions , Except

Preciou s Meta

l Miscellaneou s Manufacturing Industrie s Base d o n styren e emission s an

d subsequen

t deletio n o f clearl y inapplicabl e categorie s
\ 

# 7P. 9

2.1. 3 Geographi c location. 2 The geographi c location s o f majo r an d are asource s possibl y involved in th e reinforce d plasti c composite s industr y are shown in Tabl e 2-3

. The geographi c informatio n wa s obtaine d fromth e 199 3 industr

y screenin g surve

y an d 199 2 TRI S data

. A majo

r sourc e i s defined a s asourc e emittin g 1 0 ton s o r mor e o f asingl e hazardou s ai r pollutan t per yea r o r 2 5 ton s o r

mor e o f an y combinatio n o

f HAPs

. Sinc e AP-4 2 appear s t o underestimat

e emission s fo

r ope n moldin g source s b

y afacto r o f 2.3 , i t wa s decide d tha

t an y ope n moldin g sourc e emittin g mor e tha n 4.3 4 ton s o

f styrene per

yea r an d an y non-open molding sourc e emittin g mor e tha n 1 0 ton s o

f styren e pe

r yea r woul d b e considere d amajo r source . The 4.3 4 to n cutof f fo r open molding operation s wa s determine d b

y dividin g th e cutof f fo r amajo r sourc e (1 0 tons ) by 2.3 , whic h appear s t

o b e th e facto

r b y which AP-24 underestimate s ope

n moldin g emissions

. Table 2- 3 show s alarg e numbe r o f facilitie s locate d in Ohi o (64) , Indian a(57) , Californi a(51) , an d Texa s (45)

. Indian aha s the larges t numbe r o f majo r source s (38) , followed b

y Ohi o wit

h 3 5 majo r facilities

. The larges t

numbe r o f non-majo r source s i s locate d in Ohi o (29) , followe d b y Californi a(25) , an

d Florid aan

d Nort h Carolin awit

h 2 0 facilitie s each

.



# ©P.1 0

TABL E 2- 3 DISTRIBUTION O F MAJO R AN D ARE A SOURCE S B Y STAT

E 2 3

STAT E

Alabam a Arkansa s Arizon a California Colorad o Delawar e Florid a Georgi a Hawai i Idah o Illinoi s Indian a Iow a Kansa s Kentucky Louisian a Main e Marylan d Massachusett s Michiga n Minnesota NUMBE R O F

MAJO R SOURCE S

3 3 2 2 6 0 1 1 0 7 0 2 1 7 3 8 5 1 0 5 3 1 2 0 1 1 9 NUMBE R O F

NON-MAJO R SOURCE S 1 1 4 4 2 5 3 4 2 0 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 9 6 4 7 2 2 4 3 1 9 9 TOTA L

1 4 7 6 5 1 3 5 3 0 2 1 2 4 2 9 5 7 1 1 1 4 1 2 5 3 6 3 3 0 1 8
7P.1 1

TABL E 2- 3 (Concluded) Mississipp i Missour i Nebrask a Nevad a Ne w Hampshir

e Ne w Jerse y Ne w Mexic o Ne w Yor k Nort h Carolin a Nort h Dakota Ohi o Oklahom a Orego n Pennsylvani a Puerto Ric o Rhod e Islan d Sout h Carolin a Sout h Dakot a Tennesse e Texa s Uta h Virgini a Washingto n Wes t Virgini a Wisconsi n TOTAL S 1 5 4 1 1 0 0 7 1 2 1 3 5 4 9 1 4 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 7 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 32 1 5

6 4 0 2 7 2 1 2 2 0 1 2 9 3 4 1 9 1 2 1 2 1 7 18 2 7 10 3 1 5 36 8 6

1 1 8 1 3 7 2 1 9 3 2 2 6 4 7 1 3 33 1 2 14 3 1 8 4 5 5 1 0 22 4 2 6 68 9
8 

## 10P.1 2

2.1. 4 Employment. 3 th e distributio n o f workforc e siz e by facilit

y i s shown in Tabl e 2-4

. Employmen

t datawer e obtaine d fromthe 199 3 industr y screenin g survey . I

n thi s survey facilitie s wer

e aske d t o repor t their numbe r o f employee s i

n range s (0-100 ; 101-250 ; 251-500 ; 501-750 ; 751-1,000 ; 1,001-1,500 ; an d > 1,500)

. Fro mthe tota l facilitie s responding , about hal f o f th e facilitie s (363 ) di d repor

t discret e number s fo

r employee s in their.surve y response . Sinc e th e range s asked fo

r in th e surve y wer e rathe r broad , onl

y th e facilitie s tha

t reporte d discret e number s wer

e use d i n Tabl e 2- 4 t

o ge t abette r understandin g o

f th e actua l siz e o f th e facilities

. I t

wa s assumed tha

t the facilitie s tha

t reporte d discret

e number s wer

e agoo d representatio n ofth e industr y as awhole

. Accordin g t o th e surve y information , th

e averag e numbe r o f employee s fo

r afacilit y i n the reinforce d plasti c composite s industr y i s 53

. About 7 0 percent o f th e 36 3 facilitie s reporte d 5 0 o r les s employees , approximately 1 6 percent o f th e facilitie s reporte d employe e number s rangin g from5 1 t o 100 , 1 1 percent

reporte d 10 1 to 40 0 employees , whil e onl

y on e facilit

y eac h reporte d 60 0 an

d 144 0 employees

. 2.1. 5 Distributio n b

y process. 2 * 3 Ther

e ar e anumbe r o f differen t processe s tha

t ca n b e use d t o produc e reinforce d plasti c composites

. A ful l descriptio n o

f th e differen

t processe s i s provide d i n th e proces s descriptio n an d emissio n point s memorandum. 6 Th e mos t commo n processe s are : sprayup , hand layup , culture d marbl e casting , compressio n molding , pultrusion , continuou s lamination , filament winding , gel coating , an

d casting/centrifuga

l casting

. Som

e facilitie s prepar

e their own molding compound , which i s the n sol d o r use d i n their own operation

. There ar

e als o anumbe

r o f facilitie s tha

t us e mor e tha n on e proces s a

t their facility

. Ge

l coating , fo

r example , i s typicall

y use d i n conjunctio n wit

h othe r laminatio n processes . Tabl e 2- 5 show s the distributio n o f 24 6 majo r source s by productio n process . Th e dat afo r thi s tabl e wer

e collecte d fromthe 199 3 industr y screenin g survey . Th e 199 2 TRI S datawer e no t incorporate d int

o Tabl e 2- 5 becaus e TRI S dat ado not contai n proces s information

. Sinc e onl

y 199 3 surve

y informatio n i s use d i

n Tabl e 2-5 , the tota

l numbe r o f majo r source s i s smalle

r her e (246 ) tha

n i n Tabl e 2- 3 (321) , which use s surve y an d TRI S data

. A majo r sourc e in Tabl e 2- 5 i s the sam e a s describe d unde

r sectio n 2.1.3

. Facilitie s tha t use d severa

l differen t processe s wer

e counte d unde

r each proces s reporte d fo

r thei rTABL E 2- 4

Numbe r Of Employee s B y Facilit y Reporte d I n 199 3 Surve y Respons e (Tota l Numbe r Of Facilitie s Reportin g Discrete Number

s = 363 )

^

Numbe r Of Employee sP. M

facility

. Tabl e 2- 5 show s tha t th e mos t frequently use d proces s i s resi n sprayup reporte d by 64 percen t o f al l majo r surveye d facilitie s followed by gel coatin g wit h 6 2 percent
. It

i s no t surprisin g tha

t ge l coatin g i s reporte d b

y alarg e numbe

r o f facilities , sinc e man

y product s produce d by other

processe s hav e age

l coa t finish

. Compressio n molding , which i s reporte d by abou t 1 7 percent

o f the industry , i s the third mos t use d process , followed , by filamen t winding wit

h 1 2 percent
. Facilitie s tha t reporte d mold production , resi n production , o r the ' us e o f we t mix i n th e 199 3 industr

y surve y wer e classifie d as "other " in Tabl e 2-5

. Six facilitie s are classifie d a s injection molding operations ; eve n though injectio n moldin g i s usually done wit

h thermoplasti c resins , thes e facilitie s us e BM C fo r injectio n molding

.

1 1 

# f3P.1 5

TABL E 2- 5 DISTRIBUTIO

N O F MAJO

R SOURCES B Y PROCES S 2

- 3 (Tota l Numbe r O f Majo r Source s = 246 )

PROCES S

Castin g "/Centrifuga

l Casting Compoundin

g (SMC , BM

C & TMC ) Compression Moldin

g Continuou s Laminatio

n Culture d Marble Casting Filamen t Windin g Ge l Coatin g Injectio n Moldin g Han d Layu p Prepregging Pultrusion RT M Sprayu p Vacuu mBaggin g Othe r NUMBE R O F FACILITIE S 6 1 7 4 2 1 2 1 4 3 0 15 2 6 2 6 6 1 9 1 3 15 8 1 9 % OF FACILITIE S REPORTIN G PROCES S 2 7 1 7 5 6 1 2 62 2 1 1 2 8 5 6 4
> 1 4
Castin g i s adifferen

t proces s fro

mculture d marble castin

g an d centrifuga

l casting

.

1 2 

# tfP.1 6

2. 2 MAJO

R MARKET S AN

D PRODUCT S
2.2. 1 M.no

r market categories. 4 7 Th

e majo r marke t categorie s include d in th e reinforce d plasti c composite s sourc e categor y are : transportation , packaging , buildin g an d construction , electrical/electronics , furnitur e an d furnishings , consume

r and»institutiona

l products , industrial/machinery , adhesives/inks/coatings , an d exports
. Th

e transportatio n market categor y include s moto

r vehicle s an

d parts , railroa

d equipment , trave l trailers , campers , aircraft , boats , an d recreationa

l vehicles

. The SI

C code s included under

thi s market categor y are 371 , 372 , 374 , an

d 379

. Th

e packagin g marke

t categor y include s al l sort s o

f shippin g container s lik

e drums , boxes , an

d crate s a s well a s packagin g materials

. Th e SIC cod e 308 , Miscellaneou s Plastic s Products , cover s thi s marke t category
. Th e buildin g an d constructio n marke

t categor y include s item s lik

e pipe , conduit , plumbing fixtures, showers , bathtubs , siding , flooring , skylights , an d railings

. The SI

C code s mos t

closely relate d to thi s categor y ar e 35 3 an

d 308 , which cove

r construction , material s handlin g an d equipment , and miscellaneou s plasti c products

. SI C cod e 24 3 relate s t

o millwork , veneer , plywood , and structura l woo d members , which als o cover s product s use d in th e buildin g and constructio n market sector
. Th

e electronic s market

categor y include s hom

e an d industria l appliances , resistors , an

d wir e and cabl e coverings

. Th e SI C code s fo r thi s marke

t categor y ar e 349 , 361 , 362 , an d 364

. Th

e furnitur e market categor y relate s t o product s suc

h a s househol d and office furnitur e and cover s SI

C cod e 251 , which i s househol d furniture

. Consume r an d industria

l product s ar e covere d by SI C code s 308 , 394 , 396 , an d 39 9 an d cove r awid e variet y o f good s rangin g fro

mtoys , sportin g goods , costum e jewelry , buttons , an

d ladder s to barbe r

shop equipment

. 2.2. 2 Resi

n us e b v marke

t category. 7 Accordin g t

o 199 3 data , atota

l o f 6,900,544,00 0 pound s o f

thermoset resi n i s use d per

yea r o n adr y weigh t basis

. Th e majorit

y o f th e resi n (6 7 percent

) i s use d fo

r the buildin g an

d constructio n market

. Th e transportatio n market use s approximatel

y 9 percent

o f al l thermoset

resin

. All othe

r majo r market s us e onl

y asmal l amoun t o f th e tota l thermoset

resi n produced

. Table 2- 6 provide s informatio n abou t the quantit y o f resi n use d an

d th e distributio n o

f thermoset resi n sale s an

d usag e b y majo r 1 3P.1 7

market categor y fo r 1993

. The 199 5 U
. S

. reinforce d plastic s industr y (thermose

t an d thermoplastic ) i s projecte d to continu e to increas e b

y 4. 3 percent

ove r 1994

. Catherin e Randazzo , the Executiv e Directo r o f th e SP I Composite s Institute , predict s a4. 4 percen t growt h i n th e transportatio n market

. Th e Institut

e conclude s tha

t abou t 3 7 percent

o f the growt h in the transportatio n market will b e i n SMC , whic h i s mainl

y use d fo r exterio r bod y panels , specificall

y hoo d applications

. Growt h i s als o expected i

n construction , electrical/electronic , an d consume

r produc t markets. 8

TABL E 2- 6 199 1 US E O F THERMOSE T PLASTIC RESIN S B Y MARKE T CATEGOR

Y 7 (Thousand s o

f Pounds , Dr

y Weigh t Basis) 2

MAJOR MARKE

T Transportatio n Packaging Buildin g & Constructio n Electrical/Electroni c Furniture & Furnishing s Consume r & Institutiona

l Product s Industrial/Machiner

y Adhesives/Inks/Coating s All Other* Export s TOTALS RESI N QUANTIT

Y 617,32 6 79,97 5 4,628,88 5 234,48 1 146,727 350,65 4 191,00 1 168,464 270,29 2 212,73 9 6,900,54 4 PERCENT O F TOTAL 8. 9 1. 2 67. 1 3. 4 2. 1 5. 1 2. 8 2. 4 3. 9 3. 1 10 0
Phenoli c i s on agros s weigh t basis

. Al l other total s do not

includ e disclosur

e data ; therefore , thes e total s ma y no t equa l th e su mo f thei r respectiv e components
.

1 4 *t fP.1 8

2- 3 RESI N
2.3. 1 Resi

n usag e b v type. 1 A numbe

r o f thermosettin g resin s are use d i n the composite s industry

. The mos t commo n one s ar

e unsaturate d polyesters , epoxies , viny l esters , and phenolics

. Unsaturate d polyester s ar e th e mos t commonl y use d resins , Representin

g approximately 7 5 percen

t o f th e tota l resin s used i

n the thermose

t composite s market

. Polyester s are produce d by th e condensatio n polymerizatio n o f dicarboxili c acid s an

d glycols

. Ther e are man y differen t acid s and glycol s use d i

n polyeste r resi n productio n to achiev e th e desire d propertie s i

n the formulate d resin

. Sinc e polyester s are s o versatil e an d sinc e the

y ca n b e easily modified o r

tailore d durin g resi n creation , the y hav e foun

d almos t unlimite d us e i n al l segment s o

f the composite s industry

. Epox y resin s ar e primaril y use d fo

r fabricatin g high performanc e composite s wit h superio r mechanica

l properties , resistanc e to corrosiv e liquid s an d atmospheres , superio r

electrica l properties , good performanc e a t elevate d temperatures , or acombinatio n o

f thes e properties

. Epoxie s ar e comparativel

y expensiv e an

d their usag e ha s historicall y been limite d to hig h performanc e applications

. Epoxie s ca n b e use d i

n mos t composit e productio n processes , particularl y vacuum-ba g molding , compressio n molding , filament winding , an

d han d lay-u p operations

. Viny

l ester s are use d fo

r thei r mechamca

l toughnes s and goo d corrosio n resistance

. The y wer e develope d t

o incorporat

e advantage s o

f epox y resin s int

o bette r handlin g and faste

r curin g product s typica

l o f unsaturate d polyester resins

. Phenolic s ar

e usually dar

k colored , limiting the

mt o application s tha

t are red , black , or brown

. Durin g the composit e fabricatio n an

d curin g step , phenoli c resin s produc e water , which ha s to b e removed fromth e process . Ure aan d melamin e resin s ca

n b e use d fo

r ligh t colore d products

. 2.3. 2 Maio

r resi n manufacturers. 7 Tabl e 2- 7 show s alistin g o f som e o f the majo r resi n manufacturer s wh

o participate d in the SP

I monthl y statistica l repor t in 1993

. A s indicate d in the table , anumbe r o f thes e manufacturer s ar

e involve d i

n th e productio n o f severa l differen t resins

. The surve

y di d not contain an

y informatio n o n the manufacturer s o f vinyl ester s an

d ge l coat
.
1 5



# ftP.1 9

TABL E 2- 7 SOM E O F THE MAJO

R RESI N MANUFACTURERS B Y RESI N TYP E a7
Epox y Manufacturer s Ciba-Geig y Corporatio n Dow Chemica

l U.S.A

. Reichhol d Chemical s Rhone-Poulenc

Shell Chemica

l Compan y Unio n Carbide Corporatio n Melamine

Manufacturer s America n Cyanami d Compan y BT L Specialt y Resin s Corporatio n Hoechs t Celanes e Corporatio n Nest e Resi n Corporatio n Occidenta l Chemica l Corporatio n Rhone-Poulenc Phenoli c

Manufacturer s Allied-Signa

l Corporatio n Ashland Chemica l Georgi aPacifi c Corporatio n , Nest e Resi n Corporatio n Plaslok Corporatio n Roger s Corporatio n Unsaturate d

Polyester Manufacturer s Cook Composite s & Polymer s Do w Chemica

l U.S.A

. Interplasti c Corporatio n Owens-Cornin g Fiberglas s Corporatio n Pionee r Plastic s Corporatio n Reichhol d Chemical s Ure a

Manufacturer s Borde n Chemica l Compan y Cyte c Industrie s Georgi aPacifi c Corporatio n Monsant o Chemica l Compan y Shel l Chemica l Compan y Spurlock Adhesive s Informatio n fo

r ge l coa t an d viny l ester s wer

e no t include d in th e SP

I survey ; however , Coo

k Composite s an

d Polymer s i s amajo

r manufacture

r o f ge l coats
.

2.3. 3 Resin productio n an d sales. 7 Resin productio n an d sale s dataare availabl e fo r thermoset resins

. However , not

al l thermoset

resin s produce d an

d sol d are intende d exclusively fo

r the reinforce d plasti c composite s industry

. Tabl e 2- 8 present s informatio n o n the productio n and sale s o f five differen

t thermose t resins : epoxy , melamine , phenolic , unsaturate d polyester , an

d urea . Whe

n examining the epox

y resi n productio n dat

ai t i s 1 6 

# /f cP.2 0

importan t t o not e tha t onl y about 2 0 percent

o f th e epox y resin s ar e use d fo

r fiber reinforce d laminate s and composites

. Tabl e 2- 9 provide s infonnatio n o n th e actua l end us e o

f th e epoxy resi n produce d in 1993

. Th e tota l productio n o

f unsaturate d polyester

i s no t a s high a s th e tota l productio n o

f som e o f th e other resins , but

most o f th e unsaturate d polyeste

r resi n i s use d fo r the productio n o

f reinforce d plastics

. Thi s information i s show n in Tabl e 2-10

. Accordin g to Tabl e 2-8 , the productio n o f phenoli c resi n i s highe

r tha n th e productio n o

f an y othe r resin

. Bu t whe n examining the end-us e dat afo r phenoli c resin s (Tabl e 2-11) , i t become s apparent tha t approximately 9 3 percent

o f th e phenoli c resi n i s used fo r bondin g an

d adhesives

. Onl

y a relatively small fraction ( 5 percent) i s use d fo r molding compounds

.

TABL E 2- 8 199 3 RESI N PRODUCTION AN

D SALES B Y RESI

N TYP E 7

RESI N TYP E Epox y Melamine Phenoli c Unsaturate d Polyeste

r Ure a PRODUCTIO N I N MILLION S O F POUND S

51 2 27 0 3,07 8 1,26 4 1,74 4 SALE S I

N MILLION S O F POUND S 53 5 26 1 3,08 1 1,28 0 1,74 3

1 7P.2 1

TABL E 2- 9 EPOX Y RESI N CONSUMPTION B Y END-US E 7

EPOX Y RESI N END-US E

Bonding & Adhesive s Flooring , Paving , an

d Aggregate s Protectiv e Coating s Fiber Reinforce d Laminate s & Composite s Tooling , Casting , an

d Moldin g Resin s All Othe r Use s TOTA L AMOUN T USE D I N MILLION S O F ' POUND S 3 3 3 4 21 8 8 1 1 7 3 1 41 4

1 8P.22 ^

TABL E 2-1 0 UNSATURATE

D POLYESTE

R CONSUMPTION B Y END-US E 7

UNSATURATE

D POLYESTE

R END-US E
Marin e An

d Marin e Accessorie s Transportatio n Genera l Constructio n Bathroo mComponent s & Fixture s Pipes , Tanks , an

d Fitting s Panel s Electrical/Electroni c Recreationa

l Goods , Toys , etc
. Othe r Consume r Good s Othe r Reinforce d Good s Reinforce d Plastics , Tota l Transportation/Bod

y Putt y Constructio n Consume r Good s Ge l Coat s Othe r Non Reinforce d Good s Other End-Uses , Tota

l AMOUN T USE D I N MILLION S O F POUNDS ' 26 7 9 8 7 1 145 14 1 8 8 3 2 1 8 1 6 3 6 91 2 4 8 15 4 3 5 6 2 2 7 32 6

1 9P.2 3

TABL E 2-1 1 PHENOLI C RESI

N CONSUMPTION B Y END-USE 7

PHENOLI C RESI

N END-US E
Moldin g Compound s Bonding & Adhesive s fo

r Laminating Bondin g & Adhesive s fo

r Coated o r

Bonde d Abrasive s Bonding & Adhesive s fo

r Frictio n Material s Bondin g & Adhesive s fo

r Insulatio n Material s Bondin g & Adhesive s fo

r Plywoo d Bondin g & Adhesive s fo

r Fibrou s an

d Granulate d Woo d All Othe r Bondin g & Adhesive s Protectiv e Coating s All Othe r Use s TOTA L AMOUN T USE D I N MILLIONS'O F POUND S

16 0 177 2 5 4 9 37 5 1,54 0 48 5 18 9 1 2 3 9 3,05 1

2. 4 EXISTING REGULATION S
2.4. 1 Introduction. 9-1 8 Existin g regulation s fo r th e reinforce d plasti c composite s industr y hav e bee n reviewe d i

n order t o evaluat e potentia l contro l strategie s and thei r effectiveness

. The area s tha t hav e implemented regulation s fo r thi s sourc e categor

y include th e Puge t Soun d Air Pollutio n Contro l Distric t

(PSAPCA

) i n Washington , California' s Ba y Area , th e Sout

h Coas t Air Qualit y Managemen

t Distric t (SCAQMD) , Sa

n Diego , Sant

a Barbara , Yolo-Solano , Sa

n Joaqui n Valley , an

d Ventur aCount y Air Pollutio n Contro l Districts , and th e State s o

f Maryland an

d Illinois

. Eac

h regulatio n applie s t

o polyester

resi n 2 0 

# 7>P.2 4

an d gel coatin g operation s tha t fabricat e or rewor k product s fo

r commercial , military , o r industria l us e including , bu t

not limite d to , boats , tubs , pools , showe r enclosures , spas , bathroo mfixtures, jigs , tools , molds , air pollutio n contro l equipment , sewag e treatmen t equipment , storag e tanks , transportatio n parts , and other industria l an d consume

r products

. Th e purpos e o

f thes e rule s i s t

o limit volatil e organi c compoun

d (VOC ) emission s fromth e manufacturing o

f product s containin g polyeste r resi n material s (defined , fo r example , b

y SCAQM D a s unsaturate d polyeste

r resins , such a s isophthalic , orthophthalic , halogenated , bispheno l A , viny l ester , o r fura n resins ; cross-linkin g agents ; catalysts ; ge l coats ; inhibitors ; accelerators ; promoters ; an d an y othe r materia l containin g VOC use d i

n polyester

resi n operations)

. The strategie s use d includ e th e us e o f certai n spra

y gun o r applicatio n equipment , applicatio n o

f resi n materia

l wit h alo w monome

r content , us e o

f vapor suppresse d resins , us e o f add-o n contro l equipment , switching t o lo w VOC o r

wate r bas e cleaners , resi n applicatio n in a n enclose d are awit

h adr y filte r t o contro l overspray , an

d coverin g resi n storag e containers

. Som

e o f th e regulation s allo w acombinatio n o f emissio n reductio n strategie s to achiev e compliance

. 2.4. 2 Summar

v o f existin g regulations. 9 -' 8 Th e ke y point s o f the existin g air

qualit y regulation s affectin

g th e reinforce d plasti c composite s industr y are presente d in Tabl e 2-12

. The regulation s appl

y to an y facility , existin g o r

new , tha t manufacture s product s from polyeste r resi n material

. However , som e o f the regulation s includ

e exemption s fo

r certai n compounds , processes , an

d resi n usage . The Sout

h Coas t regulatio n exempt s anumbe r o f chlorin e containin g compound s including chlorofluorocarbons , methyl chloroform , an d carbo n tetrachlorid e fromthei r

regulation , whil e the Ba

y Are aan d the Stat e o f Marylan d exemp t processe s such a s touch-u

p an d repair operations

. Th e amoun

t o f resi n use d b y afacilit

y ca n als o b e the basi s fo

r exemption

. Ventur

aCounty , fo

r example , exempt s facilitie s tha t us e les s tha n 2 0 gallon s o

f polyester resi n materia

l per month , whil e Sa

n Dieg o Count

y exempt s marine vessel repai r

operation s usin g les s tha

n 0. 5 gallo n o

f resi n each da

y an d al l other repai r operation s usin g les s tha

n 1 gallo n pe

r day

. The Stat

e o f Maryland exempt s facilitie s tha t hav e les s tha n 2 0 pound s o f

actua l VOC emission s per

week

. The Stat e o f Illinoi s an

d California' s Ba

y Area , Sout

h Coast , Sa

n Diego , Sant

a 2 1 

## Z3TABL E 2-1 2 REGULATOR

Y SUMMAR

Y FOR THE REINFORCE D PLASTI C COMPOSITE S INDUSTR Y 91 8



# £ RULE PROVISIO N

Monome r Contenl LimitFo r Genera l Purpos e Polyeste r Resi n Monome r Contenl Limi

tFo r Corrosion-Resistan tPolyeste r

Resi n Monome r Contenl Limi

tFo r Fir e Retardan

tPolyeste r Resi n

Monome r Conten

tLimi tFo r Hig h Strengt h Polyeste r Resi n

Monome r ContentLimi

tFo r Clea r Ge l Coa t Monome r Conten

tLimitFo r Pigmente d Ge

l Coa t O r Usag e O f Vapor-Suppresse d Resi n Wit h Limite d VO C Emission s
O r BA Y ARE A REGULATIO N 8 RULE 5 0 3 5 % B y weigh tas applie d

5 0 % B y weigh tas applie d

5 0 % B y weigh ta s applie d

25 0 Gram

s o f VO C pe r lite r of coatin g applie d 25 0 Gram

s o f VO C per lite r o f coatin g applie d O r Weightlos s fro

m VO C emission s no

tt o excee d 6 0 gram s per squar

e mete r o f expose d surface are

a O r PUGE T SOUN D REGULATIO N I

I SECTIO N 3.0 8 SOUT H COAS T RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0 3 5 % B y weigh ta s applie d

4 8 % B y weigh ta s applied

4 2 % B y weigh ta s applie d fo r Sout h Coast , 5 0 % fo r Illinoi s

4 8 % B y weigh ta s applie d

5 0 % B y weigh ta s applie d

4 5 % B y weigh ta s applie d

O r Weigh tlos s fro m VO C emission s no tto excee d 6 0 gram s pe r square mete r o f expose d surfac e area O r SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.12 ,

VENTUR A COUNT Y RUL E 74.14 - 3 5 % B y weigh ta s applie d

5 0 % B y weigh ta s applie d

5 0 % B y weigh ta s applie d

5 0 % B y weigh ta s applied , onl y fo r Ventur

a Count y

5 0 % B y weigh ta s applie d

4 5 % B y weigh ta s applie d

O r Weigh tlos s from Vp c emission s no tto excee d 60 ' gram s pe r squar

e mete r o f expose d surfac e are a O r STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.ll.19.X X

3 5 % B y weigh ta s applied , i f actua l VO C emissions are 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r da

y 5 0 % B y weigh ta s applied , i f actua l VO C emissions are 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r day 5 0 % B y weigh ta s applied , i f actua l VO C emissions ar

e 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r da

y 5 0 % B y weigh ta s applied , i f actua l VO C emission s ar

e 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r da

y

O r 2 2TABL E 2-1 2 (Continued )



## i RUL E PROVISIO N

Us e Close d Mol d Syste m

O r Pultrusio n Operation s Requirement

s

An d Specifi c Spra

y Equipmen

t

An d BA Y ARE A REGULATIO N 8 RUL E 5 0 Us e Close d Mol d Syste m

_

An d Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r hig h volume , lo w pressur e spra y (HVLP )

An d PUGE T SOUN D REGULATIO N I

I SECTIO N 3.0 8

_

Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r high volume , lo w pressure spra

y (HVLP )

An d SOUT H COAS T

RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0 Wit h les s tha n 4 % weigh tlos s o f polyeste r materia

l O r Covere d wet-ou tbaths , enclos e distanc e fro

m exi to f bat h to di e excep tfo r 1 8 inche s o f prefor m distanc e fo r Sout

h Coast . 3 % maximu

m weigh t los s o f polyeste r materia

l fo r Sout h Coas tan

d 4 % fo r Illinoi s An d Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r high volume , lo w pressure spra

y (HVLP) : fo r touch-up an

d repai r us e o f hand-held , air-atomize d spra y gu n i s permitted

An d SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.1 2 &

VENTUR A COUNT Y RUL E 74.1 4 Us e Close d Mol d Syste m

An d Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r hig h volume , lo w pressur e spra

y (HVLP) : fo r touch-u p and repai r us e o f hand-held , air-atomize d spra y gu n i s permitte d

An d STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.11.19.X X

An d Facilitie s with mor e tha n 10 0 lb s o f

actual VO C emission s pe r da y mus tus e airles s spra y o r air-assiste d airles s spray guns , lo w pressur e nozzles , pressur e fe d rollers , flow coaters , o r othe r non-atomize d applicatio n techniqu e An d

2 3

* • h o 0 )TABL E 2-1 2 (Continued)

$ RUL E PROVISIO N

Storag e Requirement

s

An d Cleanin g Materia

l Requirement

s BA Y ARE A

REGULATIO N 8 RUL E 5 0 Close d container s for storage , self-closin g container s fo r disposa l o f

waste material , resin , an d cleanin g material s

An d VO C contento f

cleanin g materia l i s nott o excee d 20 0 gram s per lite r o f

material ; us e equipmentfo r collectin g cleanin g materia

l an d minimiz e evaporatio n PUGE T SOUN D REGULATIO N I

I SECTIO N 3.0 8 Close d container s fo r storag e an d disposa l o f

VOC-containin g materials .

An d Any VOC-Containin g materia l use d fo r cleanu p o f

spra y equipment , includin g resi n lines , ca n onl y be use d i

f equipment fo r collectin g VOC-containin g materia l i s employe d an

d evaporatio n t

o th e atmospher

e i s minimized . SOUT H COAS T RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0

• Close d container s

An d Solven tcleanin g operation s shall compl y wit

h Rul e 117 1 fo r th e Sout

h Coas tRule . Illinoi s require s solven t recover y syste m whe n usin g mor e tha n 4 gallon s o f

cleanin g material s pe r da

y wit h mor e tha n 20 0 g o f

VO M pe r lite r (1. 7 lb s pe r gallon) . Solven t recovery o n sit e o r b y commercia l service . Waste residu e fro

m solven trecover y syste m a tthe sourc e mus thav e les s tha n 20 % VO M b y weight . SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.1 2 & VENTUR A COUNT Y RUL E 74.1 4 Self-closin g container s fo r storin g resin , cleanin g materials , an

d wast e material s fo r Sa n Diego , Yolo-Solano , and San Joaquin . Close d container s fo r storag e o f all VO C containin g material s fo r Ventura Count

y an d Sant a Barbar a County . An d Us e VO C reclamatio n syste m fo r cleanin g materials , unles s material s contai n les s tha n 20 0 gram s o f VO C pe r lite r (1. 7 lb s pe r gallon) , o r material s hav e initia l boilin g points greate r tha n 190 ° C , o r averag e usag e i s les s tha

n 0. 5 gallon s pe r da

y fo r Sa n Diego , 1 5 gallon s pe r wee k fo r Ventura County , an d 4 gallon s pe r day fo r Yolo Solan o an

d San Joaquin . Solven tresidu e from reclamatio n syste m shal l not excee d 2 0 % VO C b y weight . STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.11.19.X X

Us e non-VO C clean-u p material s

2 4

r o -> iTABL E 2-1 2 (Concluded )



# V RUL E PROVISIO N

I n Lieu O f Al l Th e Abov e Excep tStorag e An

d Cleanin g Materia l Requirements , Facilit

y ma y us e Contro

l Equipmen

t

An d Applicatio n Are a Restriction s

Resi n Usag e o r Emission s Exemption s

Othe r Exemption s BA Y ARE A REGULATIO N 8 RULE 5 0 I n lie u o f al l the abov e excep t storag e an

d cleanin g materia

l requirements , facilit

y ma y us e contro l equipment , whic h mus treduce VO C emission s b y a tleas t8 5 %

Any touchu

p an d repai r operation s PUGE T SOUN D REGULATIO N I

I SECTIO N 3.0 8

An d Enclose d Are a wit

h dr y filter to contro l overspra y SOUT H COAS T RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0 I n lie u o f al l th e abov e excep t storag e an

d cleanin g materia

l requirements , facilit

y ma y us e contro l equipmentwit

h overal l capture an

d contro l efficienc y o f a tleas t9 0 % o n a mas s basi s

J SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.1 2 & VENTURA COUNT Y RUL E 74.1 4 I n lie u o f al l th e abov e excep t storag e an

d cleanin g materia

l requirements , facilit

y ma y us e contro l equipmentwit

h tota l captur e o f VOC s an

d contro l efficienc y o f

a tleas t8 5 % b y weigh tin Ventur

a County .

_

Les s tha n 2 0 gallon s pe r mont

h o f resi n usag e fo r San Joaqui n and Ventur

a County . Les s tha

n 5 0 gallon s o f

resi n usag e pe r yea r fo r Sant

a Barbara . Les s dia n 1 gallo n pe r da

y fo r repai r work excep tfo r marine vessel s fo r San Diego . N o exemptio n fo r Yolo-Salan o Any touchu

p an d repai r operation s fo r Yolo-Solan o STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.U.19.X X

Facilitie s wit h les s tha

n 2 0 lb s o f actua l VO C emission s pe r wee k

An y toolin g o r touch-u p and repai r operation s

Include s summai y o f

Sant a Barbar a Count y Rul e 349 , Yolo-Solan o Rul e 2.30 , an d Sa n Joaqui n Valle y Rul e 4684 . 2 5P.2 9

Barbara , Yolo-Solano , Sa

n Joaqui n Valley , and Ventur aCount y Contro l District s hav e ver y simila r rul e provisions

. The

y al l hav e limit s fo

r the monome

r conten t o f genera l purpos e resin , specialt y resin , and clea

r an d pigmente d gel coat
. The Sout h Coas t an d VenturaCount

y regulation s hav e aseparat

e monome r conten t limit fo r high strengt

h polyeste r resins

. A s a

n alternativ e t o complying wit h amonome

r conten t limit , afacilit

y ca n choos q to us e eithe r vapor-suppresse d resin s wit h limite d VO C emissions , closed mol d systems , o r

contro l equipmen t t o achiev e certai n emissio n reductions

. I n additio n t o the materia

l and proces s requirement s state d above , al l eigh t abov e mentione d regulation s require th e us e o f specifi c spra y equipmen

t fo r sprayin g operations , an

d als o specif

y storag e an

d cleanin g materia

l requirements

. PSAPCA' s Regulatio n I I Sectio n 3.0 8 cover s som e o f the sam e provision s a s th e eigh

t regulation s discusse d above , suc h a s th e usag e o

f specifi c spra

y equipment , storag e requirements , an

d cleanin g materia

l requirements

. However , PSAPCA doe s no t addres s monome r content , usag e o

f vapor-suppresse d resi n o r ge l coat , close d mol d systems , o r add-o n contro l equipment

. Instead , Puget Sound' s regulatio n require s al l spra y operation s t o b e conducte d inside a

n enclose d are atha

t ha s adr y filte r to contro l overspray . Th e exhaus t from th e operatio n mus t

b e vented to the atmospher e through avertica

l stack

. Th e Stat e o f Maryland onl

y addresse s the resi n monome r content , the typ e o

f spra y equipment , an

d th e us e o

f VO C cleamng materials

.

2 6P.3 0

2. 5 REFERENCE S 1

. SP I Composite s Institute , Introductio n to Composite s Referenc e Handbook

. 1992

. 2

. 199 2 Toxi c Releas e Inventor y System

. 3

. Response s fromsectio n 11 4 screenin g surve y sen t to th e reinforce d plasti c composite s industry

. 1993

. 4

. Standar

d Industria

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