Population Division
 

HISTORICAL CENSUS STATISTICS ON THE
 

FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION OF THE
 

UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 2000
 

By 

Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung 

Working Paper No. 81
 
HISTORICAL CENSUS STATISTICS ON THE 

FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION OF THE 

UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 2000 

by Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung 

Population Division 

Working Paper No. 81 

U.S. Census Bureau 

Washington, DC 20233 

Date February, 2006 

This report is released to inform interested parties of research and to encourage discussion. The 

views expressed on statistical, methodological, or technical issues are those of the authors and 

not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau. 
Acknowledgments 

This working paper was prepared in Population Division. The authors thank Frank Hobbs, 

Cynthia Davis, Paul Mackun, and Phil Gbur for their review and comments. 

Abstract 

This working paper presents selected decennial census data on the foreign-born population of 

the United States from 1850 to 2000. 

Other reports on historical census statistics for the United States 

The following six reports present historical census statistics that are more detailed and/or more 

recent than historical census statistics published in reports from the decennial census of population or 

in Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 

1975a). 

Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790 - 1990, by Richard L. Forstall. 

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996. Data for the 

1900 to 1990 period are available also on the Census Bureau’s Internet site at 

<www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html>. 

Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, by 

Campbell Gibson. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division, Working Paper No. 27, 1998. 

Available also on the Census Bureau’s Internet site at 

<www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html>. 

Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 1990, by 

Campbell Gibson and Emily Lennon. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division, Working Paper 

No. 29, 1999. Available also on the Census Bureau’s Internet site at 

<www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html>. This report (No. 29) is superseded by the 

current report. 

Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 

to 1990, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States, by Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. 

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Working Paper No. 56, 2002. Available also on the Census 

Bureau’s Internet site at <www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html>. 

Demographic Trends in the 20th Century, by Frank Hobbs and Nicole Stoops. U.S. Census Bureau, 

Census 2000 Special Reports, CENSR-4, 2002. Available also on the Census Bureau’s Internet site at 

<www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html>. 

Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 

to 1990, for Large Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States, by Campbell Gibson and Kay 

Jung. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Working Paper No. 76, 2005. Available also on the 

Census Bureau’s Internet site at <www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html>. 
HISTORICAL CENSUS STATISTICS ON THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION
 

OF THE UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 2000 
 

CONTENTS
 

1. Introduction ................................................................... 1
 

2. National Trends in the Foreign-Born Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
 

3. Data on the Foreign-Born Population in Statistical Compendia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
 

4. Accuracy of the Data ............................................................ 2
 

5. Sources, Definitions, and Explanations for the Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
 

General References ............................................................... 20
 

Decennial Census Data Publications .................................................. 22
 

DETAILED TABLES 

1.	 Nativity of the Population and Place of Birth of the Native Population: 
 

1850 to 2000 .............................................................. 26
 

2.	 World Region of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1850 to 1930 and
 

1960 to 2000 .............................................................. 27
 

3.	 World Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 
 

1960 to 2000 .............................................................. 28
 

4.	 World Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population, With 
 

Geographic Detail Shown in Decennial Census Publications of 1930 or Earlier:
 

1850 to 1930 and 1960 to 2000 ............................................... 32
 

5.	 Language Spoken at Home for the Foreign-Born Population 5 Years and Over:
 

1980 to 2000 .............................................................. 36
 

6.	 Mother Tongue of the Foreign-Born Population: 1910 to 1940, 1960, and 1970 . . . . . . . . . 38
 

7.	 Age and Sex of the Foreign-Born Population: 1870 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
 

8.	 Race and Hispanic Origin of the Population by Nativity: 1850 to 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
 

9.	 Race and Hispanic Origin of the Foreign-Born Population: 1850 to 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
 

10. Race and Hispanic Origin of the Population by Nativity and of the Foreign-Born 
 

Population: 1990 and 2000 ................................................... 47
 

11. Length of Residence in the United States of the Foreign-Born Population: 1900 to 1930 
 

and 1970 to 2000 .......................................................... 48
 

12 Citizenship Status of the Foreign-Born Population: 1890 to 1950 and 1970 to 2000 . . . . . . 49
 

13. Nativity and Parentage of the Population: 1890 to 1930, 1960, and 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
 

14. Nativity of the Population, for Regions, Divisions, and States: 1850 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
 

15.	 Foreign-Born Population by Historical Section and Subsection of the United States: 
 

1850 to 2000 .............................................................. 59
 

16. Nativity of the Population by Type of Residence: 1960 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
 

17. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 1,000,000 or More 
 

Population and Their Component Metropolitan Divisions: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
 

i
 
18. Nativity of the Population for Combined Statistical Areas With 1,000,000 or More 
 

Population and Their Component Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: 
 

2000 .................................................................... 64
 

19. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and Consolidated
 

Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs) With 1,000,000 or More Population: 2000 . . . . . . 67
 

20.	 Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Areas With 500,000 or More Population: 
 

1960 .................................................................... 69
 

21.	 Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Districts With 250,000 or More Population: 
 

1940 .................................................................... 70
 

22. Nativity of the Population by Urban-Rural Residence and Size of Place: 1870 to 1940 
 

and 1960 to 2000 .......................................................... 71
 

23. Nativity of the Population for the 50 Largest Urban Places: 1870 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
 

24.	 Nativity of the Population for the 25 Largest Urban Places and for Selected Counties: 
 

1860 .................................................................... 81
 

25.	 Nativity of the Population for the 25 Largest Urban Places and for Selected Counties: 
 

1850 .................................................................... 82
 

26.	 Nativity of the Population for Urban Places Ever Among the 50 Largest Urban Places 
 

Since 1870: 1850 to 2000 .................................................... 83
 

POPULATION DIVISION WORKING PAPER SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
 

ii 
HISTORICAL CENSUS STATISTICS ON THE FOREIGN-BORN
 

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 2000
 

1. Introduction 

This working paper updates and supersedes Working Paper No. 29, “Historical Census Statistics 

on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 1990.” The primary change to table 

content is the addition of data for 2000. The tables in the Internet version of the new working paper 

are in Excel and PDF whereas the tables in the previous working paper were in HTML only. 

2. National Trends in the Foreign-Born Population 

The 1850 decennial census was the first census in which data were collected on the nativity of the 

population. From 1850 to 1930, the foreign-born population of the United States increased from 

2.2 million to 14.2 million, reflecting large-scale immigration from Europe during most of this period.1 

As a percentage of total population, the foreign-born population rose from 9.7 percent in 1850 and 

fluctuated in the 13 percent to 15 percent range from 1860 to 1920 before dropping to 11.6 percent in 

1930. The highest percentages foreign born were 14.4 percent in 1870, 14.8 percent in 1890 and 

14.7 percent in 1910. 

From 1930 to 1950, the foreign-born population of the United States declined from 14.2 million to 

10.3 million, or from 11.6 percent to 6.9 percent of the total population. These declines reflected the 

extremely low level of immigration during the 1930s and 1940s. The foreign-born population then 

dropped slowly to 9.6 million in 1970, when it represented a record low 4.7 percent of the total 

population. Immigration had risen during the 1950s and 1960s, but was still low by historical 

standards, and mortality was high during this period among the foreign-born population because of its 

old age structure (reflecting four decades of low immigration). 

Since 1970, the foreign-born population of the United States has increased rapidly due to largescale immigration, primarily from Latin America and Asia. The foreign-born population rose from 

9.6 million in 1970 to 14.1 million in 1980, to 19.8 million in 1990, and to 31.1 million in 2000. As a 

percentage of total population, the foreign-born population increased from 4.7 percent in 1970 to 

6.2 percent in 1980, to 7.9 percent in 1990, and to 11.l percent in 2000, the highest percent foreign 

born recorded in the decennial census since 11.6 percent in 1930. 

3. Data on the Foreign-Born Population in Statistical Compendia 

The U.S. Bureau of the Census published historical data on the foreign-born population of the 

United States in three statistical compendia. The most recent, Historical Statistics of the United States, 

Colonial Times to 1970, was preceded by Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945 and 

Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1975, 

1949, and 1960, respectively; see references). This working paper, like Working Paper No. 29, is a 

1

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1997, Table 1, p.25. 
2 

small reference work that updates and expands data on the foreign-born population presented in the 

most recent edition of Historical Statistics of the United States.

2 

4. Accuracy of the Data 

Since 1940, some data in the decennial census of population have been collected on a sample basis. 

Sample data are identified in the detailed tables. 

The data contained in this paper are partially based on a sample of households or persons that 

responded to the census long form. As a result, the sample estimates may differ somewhat from the 

100 percent figures that would have been obtained if all housing units, people within those housing 

units, and people living in group quarters had been enumerated using the same questionnaires, 

instructions, enumerators, and so forth. The sample estimates also differ from the values that would 

have been obtained from different samples of housing units, and hence of people living in those 

housing units, and people living in group quarters. The deviation of a sample estimate from the 

average of all possible samples is called the sampling error. 

The sampling variability on data in the detailed tables for 1950 to 2000 is low because the data are 

for the United States as a whole, for states, and for large metropolitan areas and cities and thus are 

based on relatively large numbers of sample cases. For more information on sampling variability for 

each of these censuses, see the sources cited for each detailed table. 

In addition to the variability that arises from sampling, both sample data and 100 percent data are 

subject to nonsampling error. Nonsampling error may be introduced during any of the various 

complex operations used to collect and process data. Such errors may include: not enumerating every 

household or every person in the population, failing to obtain all required information from the 

respondents, obtaining incorrect or inconsistent information, and recording information incorrectly. In 

addition, errors can occur during the field review of the enumerators’ work, during clerical handling of 

the census questionnaires, or during the processing of the questionnaires. 

Nonsampling error may affect the data in two ways: first, errors that are introduced randomly will 

increase the variability of the data and, therefore, should be reflected in the standard errors; and 

second, errors that tend to be consistent in one direction will bias both sample and 100 percent data in 

that direction. Such biases are not reflected in the standard errors. 

The estimates in the tables may vary from actual values due to sampling and nonsampling errors. 

As a result, the estimates used to summarize statistics for one population group may not be statistically 

different from estimates for another population group. Further information on the accuracy of the data 

from the 2000 census is located at <www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc.sf3.pdf>. 

2

An updated and expanded version of this reference, Historical Statistics of the United 

States: Millennial Edition, is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press in 2006. 
3 

5. Sources, Definitions, and Explanations for the Detailed Tables 

The format of this section parallels the format in Historical Statistics of the United States. A 

general discussion of census data on the foreign-born population is followed by descriptions of each 

table, including sources. 

The first decennial census of the U.S. population was taken in 1790, as required by the 

Constitution, in order to obtain the population counts needed for Congressional apportionment. A 

question on place of birth, which is the primary source of data on the foreign-born population, was not 

added until the 1850 census (Bohme et al., 1973). 

Prior to 1850, the primary questions on the census were on age, sex, and race, although a few other 

topics had been included (e.g., the industrial classification of employed persons, with three categories 

in 1820 and seven categories in 1840). The data were collected not for individuals, but rather as tallies 

at the household level in predefined categories on the questionnaire (e.g., the number of household 

members who were White females under 5 years old or who were employed in commerce). 

The 1850 census introduced major advances by collecting data for each individual and by 

permitting write-in responses which could be coded later into a large number of categories. These 

advances facilitated, most notably, the inclusion of questions on place of birth and on occupation, both 

of which have been included in every subsequent census. The question on place of birth in the 1850 

census required the enumerator to record the state, territory, or foreign country. Individuals who were 

born in a state or territory of the United States (and the small number of individuals for whom place of 

birth was not reported) were defined as native, and individuals born in a foreign country were defined 

as foreign born. The dramatic increase in immigration to the United States during the 1840s may have 

been a motivation for adding the question on place of birth in the 1850 census.3 

Data on the total foreign-born population of the United States are generally comparable from 1850 

to 2000, although the definition of foreign born has been refined. Since 1890, individuals who were 

born in a foreign country, but who had at least one parent who was an American citizen, have been 

defined as native rather than as foreign born.4 

In the 2000 census, the population was classified by nativity as follows. The native population 

included all U.S. residents who were born in the United States or an outlying area of the United States 

(e.g., Puerto Rico), or who were born in a foreign country, but who had at least one parent who was an 

American citizen. All other residents of the United States were classified as foreign born. 

3

Immigration to the United States increased from 599,000 in the 1831-1840 period to 

1.7 million in the 1841-1850 period. Annual data show an increase from 52,000 in 1843 to
 

235,000 in 1847, and the figure remained above 200,000 through 1857 (U.S. Immigration and
 

Naturalization Service, 1997, Table 1, p.25). 
 

4

Wright and Hunt, 1900, pp. 172 and 188. 
4 

Data in this report are for the United States as defined at each census in census reports. The total 

population shown in detailed tables for 1890 (62,622,250) is the population in general tabulations in 

1890 census reports and excludes the population enumerated in the Indian Territory and on Indian 

reservations (325,464) for whom information on most topics, including nativity, was not collected. 

The 1890 census was the first to enumerate the entire American Indian population. Alaska and Hawaii 

are included in the U.S. population starting in 1960. Data showing the effect of these changes in 

geographic coverage on total population in 1890 and 1960 are included in Tables 8 and 9, which show 

data on the U.S. population by race and nativity. 

Through 1940, census data on nativity of the population were based on data for the total 

enumerated population. For 1950 to 2000, data on nativity were based on a sample of the total 

population ranging from about 1 in 4 in 1960 to about 1 in 6 in 1990 and 2000. In 1970, there were 

two samples, one 15 percent and one 5 percent. The question on nativity was included on both 

samples. Data on length of residence in the United States, citizenship status, and on Hispanic origin 

were based on the 5-percent sample, and thus data on nativity cross-tabulated by these characteristics 

were based on the 5-percent sample. In the detailed tables, sample data are identified with an asterisk 

after the year (e.g., 1950*). 

General information on census data, including area classifications, definitions of topics, accuracy 

of the data, and collection and processing procedures, is provided in decennial census publications. 

The United States census has been taken on a de jure (usual place of residence) basis rather than on a 

de facto (location at the time of the census) basis. For a general discussion of census coverage and 

underenumeration, see U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1975, Part 1, Series A 1-371, p. 1. For evaluations 

of census coverage since 1940, see Fay et al., 1988; Robinson et al., 1993; U.S. Census Bureau, 2001a; 

and Robinson, 2001. For histories of the census of population, see Wright and Hunt, 1900; Eckler, 

1972; and Anderson, 1988. 

For a bibliography of all U.S. census publications through 1945, see Dubester, 1950. This catalog 

was reprinted in the Bureau of the Census Catalog of Publications: 1790-1972 (U.S. Bureau of the 

Census, 1974). For publications of the 1980 and 1990 censuses, see U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1984 

and 1994. Additional information is available in the procedural histories of censuses cited in these 

catalogs. For publications of the 2000 census, see <http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/index.html>. 

For 2000 census data on the Internet, see <http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>. 

Sources for each detailed table are included below. All sources are decennial census publications 

unless otherwise noted. For publications from censuses of 1940 and earlier, sequence numbers are 

included from the Dubester catalog (Dubester, 1950), which provides Library of Congress call 

numbers, titles, and descriptions of the contents of each publication. 

Table 1. Nativity of the Population and Place of Birth of the Native Population: 1850 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1850-1870, 1870 census, Vol. I (Dubester #45), Table XXII, pp. 606-615. For 1880­

1960, 1960 census, Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report No. 2A, State of Birth, PC(2)-2A, Table 1, p. 1. 

For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, PC(1)-D1, Table 191, 

p. 596. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. 1, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, Sect. A, PC80­
5 

D1-A, Table 253, p. 7. For 1990, 1990 census, Social and Economic Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, 

Table 18, p. 18. For 2000, Census 2000, <http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary 

File 3, Quick Table QT-P22. 

The native population includes all U.S. residents who were born in the United States or an outlying 

area of the United States (e.g., Puerto Rico), or who were born in a foreign country, but who had at 

least one parent who was an American citizen. All other residents of the United States are classified as 

foreign born. As described in the general text, the refinement to define as native those individuals who 

were born in a foreign country, but who had at least one parent who was an American citizen, was 

introduced in the 1890 census. It appears, however, that this instruction was not followed consistently 

by enumerators in 1890 (1890 census, Vol I, Part I, Dubester #177, p. clvii). 

The outlying areas are as defined at each census. Thus, for example, individuals born in the 

Philippines (which was granted independence in 1946) were classified as native in 1940 and as foreign 

born in 1950. The primary outlying areas in censuses of the United States include Alaska (1880­

1950), Hawaii (1900-1950), the Philippines (1900-1940), Puerto Rico (1900-2000), Guam (1900­

2000), American Samoa (1900-2000), the Canal Zone (1900-1970), Virgin Islands of the United States 

(1920-2000), and Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1950-1980). See U.S. Bureau of the Census, 

1975, Section 1, p. 9. Sources for data in Table 1, footnote 2 for Puerto Rico: For 1900, 1900 census, 

Supplementary Analysis (Dubester #273), p. 280. For 1910-1950, 1950 census, Vol. IV, Special 

Reports, Part 3, Ch. D, Puerto Ricans in Continental United States, P-E, No. 3D, Table A, p. 4. For 

1960, 1960 census, Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report No. 1D, Puerto Ricans in the United States, PC 

(2)-2D, Table 1, p. 2. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, 

PC (1)-D1, Table 191, p. 596. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, 

Part 1, PC80-1-D1-A, Table 253, p. 7. For 1990, 1990 census, Social and Economic Characteristics, 

1990 CP-2-1, Table 18, p. 18. For 2000, Census 2000, 

<http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 3, Quick Table QT-P22. 

With regard to footnote 3 in Table 1, the 1970 census had two samples. In contrast to the 

15-percent sample questionnaire, the 5-percent sample questionnaire did not include questions on 

birthplace of father and mother, but it did include questions on citizenship status and on year of entry 

for persons born in a foreign country. Sampling variability and differences in the questionnaires and in 

editing procedures account for the differences between data based on the 15-percent and 5-percent 

samples. These differences are most pronounced for the categories of "Born in the United States" and 

of "Born abroad of American parents." 

Table 2.	 World Region of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1850 to 1930 and 1960 to 

2000. 

Sources: Tables 3 and 4. 

Data in Table 2 summarize data from Tables 3 and 4 on region of birth of the foreign-born 

population (number and percent distribution) in a one-page table. See text for Table 3 regarding 

definitions of regions and country of birth. See text for Table 4 regarding data for 1940 and 1950. 
6 

Table 3.	 World Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1960 to 

2000. 

Sources: For 1960, 1960 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, PC(1)-D1, 

Table 162, p. 366. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, 

PC(1)-D1, Table 192, p. 598. For 1980, 1980 census, Statistical Profile of the Foreign-Born 

Population: 1980 Census of Population, CB84-179, Table 1, pp. 1-4; Vol. I, Characteristics of the 

Population, Ch. D, Part 1, Sect. A, PC80-D1-A, Table 254, p. 9; and special tabulations. For 1990, 

1990 census, The Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 1990, CPH-L-98, Table 13, pp. 19-21; 

Social and Economic Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 14, p. 14; and special tabulations. For 2000, 

Census 2000, <http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 3, Quick Table QT-P15, 

and special tabulations. 

The countries or areas of birth included in Table 3 are those for which data are available for 2000. 

Prior to 1960, the earliest year included in this table, census data were published for only a small 

number of countries outside of Europe, reflecting the small number of non-European countries which 

were numerically important sources of immigration to the United States. Table 4 shows data for the 

1850 to 1930 period and the 1960 to 2000 period for a less detailed list of countries. 

The six regions of the world shown in Table 3 are based on the "macro regions" used by the United 

Nations in its Demographic Yearbook for 2002, 

<http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm>. These regions are Europe, Asia, Africa, 

Oceania, Latin America, and Northern America. In general, the subregions are the "component 

regions" used in the same publication. The differences are in Oceania and Europe. For Oceania, the 

component regions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia are combined and shown as Pacific 

Islands as well as being shown separately when data are available. For Europe, the component regions 

of Northern, Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe are modified to reflect historical groupings and 

patterns of immigration to the United States: Albania and Yugoslavia (former) are included in Eastern 

Europe rather than in Southern Europe; and Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are included in Eastern 

Europe rather than in Northern Europe. Table 3 includes various subtotals of historical interest within 

regions (e.g., within Northern Europe, subtotals are shown for the British Isles and for Scandinavia). 

Data on country of birth are based generally on the political boundaries of foreign countries 

existing at the date of the specified decennial census. Changes in political boundaries are less of a 

concern for the 1960 to 2000 period covered in Table 3 than for the entire 1850 to 2000 period for 

which data on country of birth are available and are shown in Table 4. Because of boundary changes, 

including those made following World War I and World War II, accurate comparisons over time are 

limited for some countries, such as Austria, Czechoslovakia (reported as Bohemia through 1900), 

Hungary, and Poland. For a discussion of the effects of these boundary changes, see U.S. Bureau of 

the Census, 1975, Part 1, text for Series C 228-295, pp. 103-104. 

In Tables 3 and 4, the term "country or area of birth" is used (rather than just "country of birth") 

because the foreign geographic areas of birth for which data are available have not always reflected the 

United States' diplomatic relations at the date of each census. 
7 

Table 4.	 World Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population, With 

Geographic Detail Shown in Decennial Census Publications of 1930 or Earlier: 1850 

to 1930 and 1960 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1850, 1850 census, The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850 (Dubester #30), 

Table XV, p. xxxvii. For 1860, 1860 census, Population of the United States in 1860 (Dubester #37), 

unnumbered table, pp. 620-623. For 1870, 1870 census, Vol. I (Dubester #45), Table VI, pp. 336-342. 

For 1880, 1880 census, Vol. I (Dubester #61), Table XIII, pp. 492-495. For 1890, 1890 census, Vol. I, 

Part I (Dubester #177), Table 32, pp. 606-609. For 1900, 1900 census, Supplementary Analysis 

(Dubester #273), Table 61, pp. 856-859. For 1910, 1910 census, Vol. I (Dubester #296), Ch. VII, 

Table 2, p. 784. For 1920, 1920 census, Vol. II, (Dubester #453), Ch. VI, Tables 3-4, pp. 694-695. 

For 1930, 1930 census, Vol. II (Dubester #653), Ch. 5, Table 4, p. 233. For 1960-2000, see sources for 

Table 3. In addition, see U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1975, Part 1, Series C 228-295, pp. 117-118. 

See text for Table 3 concerning the definitions of regions and countries of birth. Data are not 

included in Table 4 for 1940 and 1950 because data on the foreign-born population by country of birth 

in census publications for these years are limited almost entirely to the White population. For data on 

the foreign-born White population by country of birth for 1910 to 1970, see U.S. Bureau of the Census, 

1975, Part 1, Series C 228-295, pp. 117-118. 

Table 5.	 Language Spoken at Home for the Foreign-Born Population 5 Years and Over: 1980 

to 2000. 

Sources: For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, Sect. A, 

PC80-1-D1-A, Table 256, p. 16, and special tabulations. For 1990, 1990 census, Social and Economic 

Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 13, p. 13; Social and Economic Characteristics of Selected 

Language Groups for U.S. and States: 1990, CPH-L 159; and special tabulations. For 2000, Census 

2000, <http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 3, Quick Table QT-P16, and 

special tabulations. 

Data on language spoken at home are based on the question, "Does this person speak a language 

other than English at home?," and if the answer was yes, also on the question "What is this language?" 

(If the answer was yes, individuals were asked also "How well does this person speak English - Very 

well, Well, Not well, Not at all.") If individuals spoke both English and another language at home, they 

were classified by the non-English language in data shown in Table 5, regardless of how well they 

spoke English. 

The categories used to group data on language spoken at home are both linguistic and geographic 

and are based generally on Classification and Index of the World's Languages (Voegelin, C.F. and 

F.M., 1977). The classification used in Table 5 includes three major language groups (Indo-European 

languages, Asian and Pacific Island languages, and Other languages) and selected language families 

within each of the three groups (e.g., Romance languages within the Indo-European language group). 

As a result, these categories do not always correspond to the regions and subregions of the world used 

to group countries of birth (Tables 3 and 4). For example, unlike most languages spoken in European 
8 

countries, Finnish and Hungarian are included with Other languages rather than with Indo-European 

languages. 

All individual languages spoken at home with 10,000 or more foreign-born speakers in 1980 or 

1990 or 2000 are listed separately in Table 5. Data for language families include languages not listed 

separately. 

Table 6. Mother Tongue of the Foreign-Born Population: 1910 to 1940, 1960, and 1970. 

Sources: For 1910-1920, 1920 census, Vol. II (Dubester #453), Ch. X, Table 1, p. 973. For 1930­

1940, 1940 census, Nativity and Parentage of the White Population (Dubester #1001), Mother Tongue, 

Table 1, p. 7. For 1960, 1960 census, Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report 1E, Mother Tongue of the 

Foreign Born, PC(2)-1E, Tables 1-2, pp. 1-2. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report 

1A, National Origin and Language, PC(2)-1A, Table 19, p. 492. 

Data on mother tongue are based on a question on language spoken in this person's home when he 

was a child or, when the question was limited to the foreign-born population, on a question on what 

language was spoken in this person's home before he came to the United States. Data on mother 

tongue for 1910 to 1940 were tabulated only for the White population, which represented over 

98 percent of the foreign-born population during this period (Table 9). For 1960 and 1970, data are 

shown for both the White foreign-born population (to compare with data for 1910 to 1940) and for the 

total foreign-born population. Starting with the 1980 census, a question on language spoken at home 

replaced the question on mother tongue. Data on language spoken at home for the foreign-born 

population are shown in Table 5. 

To the extent possible, the language groups and families used to group data on mother tongue are 

the same as used in Table 5 to group data on language spoken at home. However, the concepts of 

mother tongue and language spoken at home differ considerably, and thus data in Tables 5 and 6 are 

not comparable. 

Table 7. Age and Sex of the Foreign-Born Population: 1870 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1870, 1870 census, Vol. II (Dubester #49), Table XXII, pp. 552-553. For 1880, 1880 

census, Vol. I (Dubester #61), Table XVII, p. 542, and Table XX, pp. 548-551. For 1890, 1890 

census, Vol. I, Part 1 (Dubester #177), Table 20, pp. 486-487, and Vol. I, Part 2, (Dubester #178), 

Table 1, pp. 3 and 5. For 1900, 1900 census, Vol. II, Part II (Dubester #254), Table XVI, pp. xxxvixxxviii. For 1910, 1910 census, Vol. I (Dubester #296), Ch. IV, Table 29, pp. 310-313. For 1920, 

1920 census, Vol. II (Dubester #453), Ch. III, Table 9, pp. 162-165. For 1930-1940, 1940 census, 

Vol. II, Part 1 (Dubester #957), Table 7, p. 22, and Vol. IV, Part 1 (Dubester #971), Table 3, p. 13. For 

1910-1940 for total foreign-born population (all races by sex, but not by age), 1940 census, Vol. I, 

Part 1 (Dubester #957), Table 4, p. 19. For 1950, 1950 census, Vol. II, Characteristics of the 

Population, Ch. C, Part 1, Bulletin P-C1, Table 96, p. 171, and Table 101, p. 178. For 1960, 1960 

census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, PC(1)-D1, Table 156, p. 354, and Table 

161, p. 364. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, PC(1)-D1, 

Table 191, p. 596. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, 
9 

Sect. 1, PC80-1-D1-A, Table 253, p. 7, and special tabulations. For 1990, 1990 census, Foreign-Born 

Population in the United States, 1990 CP-3-1, Table 1, pp. 1-2, and special tabulations. For 2000, 

Census 2000, special tabulations. 

In censuses of 1880, 1890, and 1910 to 1940, published census data on the age and sex distribution 

of the foreign-born population were limited primarily to the foreign-born White population. During 

this period, the foreign-born population of races other than White, which peaked at 220,744 in 1930, 

represented between 1 percent and 2 percent of the total foreign-born population (Table 9). Because 

age data for the total foreign-born population are available for 1870, 1900, and 1950 to 2000, and 

because the foreign-born population of races other than White represented such a small proportion of 

the total foreign-born population from 1880 to 1940, the population universe for Table 7 is the total 

foreign-born population. The foreign-born population of races other than White is included in the 

category "age data not available" for 1880, 1890, and 1910 to 1940. 

Table 8. Race and Hispanic Origin of the Population by Nativity: 1850 to 1990. 

Sources: For 1850-1860, 1870 census, Vol. I (Dubester #45), Table XXII, pp. 606-615. For 1870­

1890, 1900 census, Vol. II, Part II (Dubester #254), Table I, p. xvii. For 1900-1940, 1940 census, 

Vol. II, Part I (Dubester #971), Table 4, p. 19. For 1940 for White population with Spanish mother 

tongue, 1940 census, Nativity and Parentage of the White Population (Dubester #1001), Mother 

Tongue, Table 1, p. 7. For 1950, 1950 census, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, 

Bulletin P-C1, Table 96, p. 171, and Vol. IV, Special Reports, Part 3, Ch. B, Nonwhite Population By 

Race, Tables 1-7, pp. 15-21. For 1960, 1960 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, 

Part 1, PC(1)-C1, Table 66, p. 201, and Part 3, PC(1)-C1, Table 38, p. 50, and Part 13, PC(1)-C1, 

Table 38, p. 50. For 1960 for nativity of the Black population and the Asian and Pacific Islander 

population, 1960 census, Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report 1C, Nonwhite Population by Race, 

PC(2)-1C, Tables 1-8, pp. 1-8. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, 

Ch. D, Part 1, PC(1)-D1, Table 189, p. 591, and Table 190, pp. 593-594, and Vol. II, Subject Reports, 

Report No. 1C, Persons of Spanish Origin, PC(2)-1C, Table 4, p. 32. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, 

Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, PC80-1-C1, Table 101, p. 70, Table 122, pp. 95-96, 

Table 132, p. 117, and Table 167, p. 164. For 1990, 1990 census, Social and Economic 

Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 43, p. 43. 

The racial and Hispanic origin categories shown in the boxhead of Table 8 reflect the guidelines set 

forth in Statistical Policy Directive No. 15, "Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and 

Administrative Reporting" (U.S. Office of Management and Budget, 1977).5 Data by race or color for 

all censuses since 1850 have been made consistent with Directive No. 15 to the extent possible. Data 

for the Hispanic origin category are available since 1970, and data for the category of White, not of 

5

"Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity" 

(U.S. Office of Management and Budget, 1997) made some changes to the standards in Directive 

No. 15, including permitting individuals to report more than one race and dividing the Asian and 

Pacific Islander category into two categories. See Table 10 for data for 2000. 
10 

Hispanic origin are included also since 1970. Individuals of Hispanic origin, the vast majority of 

whom report themselves by race as White or as "Other race," may be of any race. 

There was a dramatic population increase in Other race from 1970 to 1980. This reflected the 

addition of a question on Hispanic origin to the 100-percent questionnaire, an increased propensity for 

Hispanics not to identify themselves as White, and a change in editing procedures to accept reports of 

“Other race” for respondents who wrote in Hispanic entries such as Mexican, Cuban, or Puerto Rican. 

In 1970, such responses in the Other race category were reclassified and tabulated as White. 

The classification of the population by race reflects common or social usage. It does not denote 

any clear-cut scientific definition of biological stock. Through 1950, the classification of the 

population by race was usually obtained by the census enumerator's observation. Individuals of mixed 

White and other parentage were usually classified with the other race. In 1960, census data on race 

were collected by a combination of self-classification, direct interview, and observation. In the 1970 

census, data on race and Hispanic origin were obtained primarily through self-classification. In the 

1980 and 1990 censuses, the data were obtained entirely through self-classification. 

In the 1850 census, the only racial classifications in census reports were for White and Black. It is 

not clear how the unknown, but clearly very small, number of enumerated individuals who were not 

White or Black were classified by race. Chinese and American Indian classifications were added in 

the 1860 census; however, prior to 1890, the enumeration of American Indians excluded Indian 

reservations and American Indians living elsewhere in tribal society (not taxed). Japanese was added 

in 1870, and other Asian "races" were added starting in 1910. In the 1930 census only, Mexican was 

defined as a race. Tabulations for 1930 were revised to include Mexicans with White and were 

included in 1940 census reports and are included in this report. 

In the 1950 census, an "Other races" category was added in an attempt to identify individuals of 

mixed White, Black, and Indian ancestry. This attempt was only partially successful; however, the 

"Other races" category was retained, and with self-identification of race and Hispanic origin, there has 

been a dramatic increase since 1970 in the "Other races" population. This is due primarily to 

individuals who are of Hispanic origin and who choose not to report in a specific racial category, such 

as White or Black. 

Data by race for 1950 and for 1960 in Table 8 are based on more than one tabulation of the data 

and in some cases on more than one sampling rate. As a result, the totals for races other than White 

differ slightly from the sum of the component races. Data for 1950 on the population by nativity for 

these component races are highly inconsistent and are not included in Table 8. See sources for 

Table 8. 

For more detailed discussions of data on race and Hispanic origin, see U.S. Bureau of the Census, 

1975, Section 1, text for Series A 91-104, pp. 3-4, and the sources listed above for Table 8. 
11 

Table 9. Race and Hispanic Origin of the Foreign-Born Population: 1850 to 1990. 

Source: Table 8. 

Table 9 summarizes data on the foreign-born population by race and Hispanic origin and shows the 

corresponding percent distribution of the foreign-born population. See text for Table 8 regarding data 

on race and Hispanic origin. 

Table 10. Race and Hispanic Origin of the Population by Nativity and of the Foreign-Born 

Population: 1990 and 2000. 

Sources: For 1990, 1990 census, Social and Economic Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 43, 

p. 43, and Table 107, pp. 109-110. For 2000, Census 2000, 

<http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 4, Detailed Table PCT 43. 

Table 10 shows data on the foreign-born population by race and Hispanic origin for 2000, 

reflecting "Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity" 

(U.S. Office of Management and Budget, 1997), and data for 1990. The revisions implemented in the 

2000 census permitted individuals to report more than one race and divided the Asian and Pacific 

Islander category into two categories. The division of the Asian and Pacific Islander category into the 

categories of Asian and of Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander does not present any major 

issues of comparability since the 1990 data can be divided; however, the option in 2000 to report more 

than one race means that the data for 1990 and 2000 are not directly comparable. Data for 2000 are 

shown for race alone and for race alone or in combination with one or more other races, which 

represent the minimum and maximum definitions, respectively, of the population in a race category 

(e.g., for Asian). These data provide a minimum-maximum range for change since 1990 when 

respondents could report only one race. For more information on 2000 data by race, see U.S. Census 

Bureau, 2001b. 

Table 11. Length of Residence in the United States of the Foreign-Born Population: 1900 to 

1930 and 1970 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1900-1910, 1910 census, Vol. I (Dubester #296), Ch. X, Table 1, p. 1017. For 1920, 

1920 census, Vol. II (Dubester #453), Ch. VII, Table 1, p. 779. For 1930, 1930 census, Vol. II 

(Dubester #653), Ch. 9, Table 4, p. 498. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the 

Population, Ch. D, Part 1, PC(1)-D1, Table 195, p. 600, and Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report 1A, 

National Origin and Language, PC(2)-1A, Table 17, p. 440. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, 

Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part1, PC80-1-C1, Table 99, p. 68. For 1990, 1990 census, 

Social and Economic Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 13, p. 13, and Social and Economic 

Characteristics of Selected Language Groups for U.S. and States, CPH-L-159. For 2000, Census 2000, 

<http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 3, Quick Table QT-P14, and special 

tabulations. 

Data on length of residence in the United States of the foreign-born population are available from 

the censuses of 1900 to 1930 and 1970 to 2000 and are based on a question on the year of immigration 
12 

(for 1900-1930) or on a question on the year when this person came to the United States to stay (for 

1970-1990) or to live (for 2000). For presentation in Table 11, the data have been converted to length 

of residence in years. This conversion is approximate, reflecting the reference dates of pertinent 

censuses: June 1 in 1900, April 15 in 1910, Jan. 1 in 1920, and April 1 for 1930 and 1970 to 2000. 

Length of residence in (completed) years is based on published data on year of immigration or on 

year came to stay or to live as follows. For 1900: under 4 (1896-1900), 4-8 (1891-95), 9-13 (1886-90), 

14-18 (1881-85), 19+ (before 1881). For 1910: under 4 (1906-10), 4-8 (1901-05), 9-13 (1896-1900), 

14-18 (1891-95), 19+ (before 1891). For 1920: under 4 (1916-1920), 4-8 (1911-15), 9-13 (1906-10), 

14-18 (1901-05), 19+ (before 1901). For 1930: under 5 (1925-30), 5-9 (1920-24), 10-14 (1915-19), 

15-18 (1911-14), 19-28 (1901-10), 29+ (before 1901). For 1970: under 5 (1965-70), 5-9 (1960-64), 

10-14 (1955-59), 15-19 (1950-54), 20-24 (1945-49), 25-34 (1935-44), 35-44 (1925-34), 45-54 

(1915-24), 55+ (before 1915). For 1980: under 5 (1975-80), 5-9 (1970-74), 10-14 (1965-69), 15-19 

(1960-64), 20-29 (1950-59), 30+ (before 1950). For 1990: under 5 (1985-90), 5-9 (1980-84), 10-14 

(1975-79), 15-19 (1970-74), 20-24 (1965-69), 25-29 (1960-64), 30-39 (1950-59), 40+ (before 1950). 

For 2000: under 5 (1995-2000), 5-9 (1990-94), 10-14 (1985-89), 15-19 (1980-84), 20-24 (1975-79), 

25-29 (1970-74), 30-34 (1965-69), 35-39 (1960-1964), 40-44 (1955-1959), 45-49 (1950-1954), 50-54 

(1945-1949), 55+ (before 1945). 

Table 12. Citizenship Status of the Foreign-Born Population: 1890 to 1950 and 1970 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1890-1930, 1930 census, Vol. II (Dubester #653), Ch. 8, Table 4, p. 405. For 1940, 

1940 census, Vol. II, Part 1 (Dubester #957), Tables 27-29, pp. 79-81. For 1950, 1950 census, Vol. II, 

Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, Bulletin P-C1, Table 101, p. 178. For 1970, 1970 

census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. D, Part 1, PC(1)-D1), Table 194, p. 599. For 

1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch D, Part 1, Sect. A, PC80-1-D1-A, 

Table 253, p. 7, and special tabulations. For 1990, 1990 census, Foreign-Born Population of the 

United States, 1990 CP-3-1, Table 1, p. 1. For 2000, Census 2000, 

<http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 4, Detailed Table, PCT44, and special 

tabulations. 

In 1960, a question on citizenship status was not included on the general census questionnaire 

(although it was included on the questionnaire used in New York state). Prior to the 1920 census, 

published census data on citizenship status were restricted to males 21 years and over. Starting with 

the 1930 census, data on citizenship status have been published by sex for all ages as well as for the 

voting age population. For years prior to 1940, when age not reported was not allocated, the data on 

citizenship status by age assume that all individuals for whom age was not reported were 21 years and 

over. 

Table 13. Nativity and Parentage of the Population: 1890 to 1930, 1960, and 1970. 

Sources: For 1890, 1890 census, Vol. I, Part I (Dubester # 177), Table 20, pp. 486-487, and Tables 

35-36, pp. 681-683. For 1900-1930, 1930 census, Vol. II (Dubester #653), Ch. 2, Table 6, p. 33. For 

1960, 1960 census, Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report 1A, Nativity and Parentage, PC(2)-1A, Table 1, 
13 

p. 2. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. II, Subject Reports, Report 1A, National Origin and Language, 

PC(2)-1A, Table 1, p. 1. 

The terms native population and foreign-born population were defined earlier (see text for 

Table 1). Information on birthplace of parents may be used to classify the native population by 

parentage: native of native parentage (both parents native), native of foreign parentage (both parents 

foreign-born) and native of mixed parentage (one parent native and one parent foreign born). The term 

foreign stock includes the foreign-born population and the native population of foreign or mixed 

parentage. Just as the native population and foreign-born population comprise the total population, the 

native population of native parentage and the foreign-stock population also comprise the total 

population. 

A question on birthplace of parents was included in the census from 1870 to 1970; however, data 

on parentage for the total population are available only since 1890. For data on the parentage of the 

White population from 1870 to 1970, see U.S. Bureau of the Census, Part 1, 1975, Series A 135-142, 

p. 19. Starting in the 1980 census, a question on ancestry (based on self-identification) replaced the 

question on birthplace of parents. 

The approach to classifying only the native population by parentage was adopted in census reports 

for 1910. In census reports for 1890 and 1900, the total population was classified by nativity and 

parentage, even though a very small proportion of foreign-born individuals were of native parentage. 

Data published in 1890 for races other than White do not permit adjustment of the data to be consistent 

with the current approach; however, the adjustment was made in the data presented here based on the 

assumption that the relatively small foreign-born population of races other than White in 1890 

(127,680) was entirely of foreign or mixed parentage. This is a reasonable assumption because a large 

majority of the foreign-born population of races other than White was Asian (Chinese or Japanese), as 

shown in Table 9. 

Table 14. Nativity of the Population, for Regions, Divisions, and States: 1850 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1850-1890, 1890 census, Vol. I, Part 1 (Dubester #177), Table 1, pp. 2-3, and 

Table 12, p. 399. For 1900-1920, 1920 census, Vol. II (Dubester #453), Ch. 1, Table 10, p. 36. For 

1930, 1930 census, Vol. II (Dubester #653), Ch. 2, Table 15, p. 39. For 1940, 1940 census, Vol. II 

(Dubester #956), Parts 1-7, Table 4 (for the United States and for each state). For 1950, 1950 census, 

Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, Table 96, p. 171 (for the United States), and 

Parts 2-50, Table 54 ( for each state). For 1960, 1960 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, 

Ch. C, Part 1, PC(1)-C1, Table 108, p. 251. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the 

Population, Ch. C, Part 1, PC(1)-C1, Table 143, p. 472. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics 

of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, PC80-1-C1, Table 99, p. 68, Table 183, pp. 181-182, and Table 236, 

pp. 291-296. For 1990, 1990 census, Social and Economic Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 143, 

pp. 173-179. For 2000, Census 2000, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics, 

PHC-2-1, Part 1, Table 1, p. 1, <http:www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-2-1-pt.1.pdf>. 

Data on the population by nativity for regions, divisions, and states are consistent with data in 

Table 1 for the United States. For information on the boundaries of states and of territories preceding 
14 

statehood, see Forstall, 1996. The groupings of states into regions and divisions of the United States 

are those currently used by the Census Bureau. For the history of census regions and divisions and 

their predecessor areas, see Dahmann, 1992. 

Table 15.	 Foreign-Born Population by Historical Section and Subsection of the United States: 

1850 to 2000. 

Source: Table 14, and Dahmann, 1992. 

The four regions -- Northeast, North Central (subsequently renamed Midwest), South, and West -­

were introduced in the 1940s and replaced the three sections introduced in the 1910 census: North, 

South, and West. For the presentation of historical data, including data on the foreign-born population, 

the three sections are in some ways preferable because they permit direct comparisons of North and 

South. The North is divided into two subsections (Northeast and North Central), and the South is 

divided into two subsections (Southeast and South Central). These subsections recognize the 

westward expansion of settlement from the Atlantic seaboard and facilitate comparisons of the eastern 

and central portions of the United States. 

Table 16. Nativity of the Population by Type of Residence: 1960 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1960, 1960 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, PC(1)-C1, 

Table 101, p. 238. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, 

PC(1)-C1, Table 108, p. 414. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, 

Part 1, PC80-1-C1, Table 110, p. 81. For 1990 as defined effective June 30, 1990, 1990 census, Social 

and Economic Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 27, p. 27. For 1990 as defined effective June 30, 

1993, 1990 census, Supplementary Reports, Metropolitan Areas as Defined by the Office of 

Management and Budget, June 30, 1993, Section 1, 1990 CPH-S-1-1, Table 5, pp. 262-408. For 2000, 

Census 2000, <http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 3, Detailed Tables, 

Table P21, and special tabulations. 

Under OMB standards prior to December 2000, and in data in general data products through the 

2000 census, the United States was divided into two type-of-residence categories: metropolitan and 

nonmetropolitan, with the latter referring to all territory that did not qualify as metropolitan. The 

general concept of a metropolitan area (MA) is that of a core area containing a large population 

nucleus, together with adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic and social 

integration with that core. Some MAs are defined around two or more cores. The component units of 

MAs are counties, except in the New England states where the component units are cities and towns. 

In each MA, the largest place (usually an incorporated city) and, in some cases, additional places are 

designated as "central cities." With some exceptions, each MA includes at least one central city with 

50,000 or more population. For more information about these definitions, see the sources listed for 

Table 16. 

OMB standards issued in December 2000 define metropolitan (metro) statistical areas and 

micropolitan (micro) statistical areas (collectively labeled as core-based statistical areas), with all other 

territory being defined as outside core-based statistical areas. Both metro and micro counties are 
15 

composed of one or more whole counties (or county equivalents, such as independent cities). Metro 

areas include at least one Census Bureau-defined urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, and 

micro areas include at least one urban cluster of 10,000 to 49,999 population. For more information, 

see <http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/html> and the links provided there. For the 

December 2000 standards, see <http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/00-32997.pdf>. 

Urbanized areas and urbanized clusters are discussed at 

<http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua_2k.html>. 

Table 17. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 1,000,000 or More 

Population and Their Component Metropolitan Divisions: 2000. 

Source: Census 2000, special tabulations. 

A metropolitan division is a county or group of counties within a core-based statistical area that 

contains a core with a population of at least 2.5 million. A metropolitan division consists of one or 

more main/secondary counties that represent an employment center or centers, plus adjacent counties 

associated with the main county or counties through commuting ties. See 

<http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/00-32997.pdf> for more information. 

Table 18. Nativity of the Population for Combined Statistical Areas With 1,000,000 or More 

Population and Their Component Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: 

2000. 

Source: Census 2000, special tabulations. 

A combined statistical area is a geographic entity consisting of two or more adjacent core-based 

statistical areas with substantial employment interchange. See 

<http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/00-32997.pdf> for more information. 

Table 19. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and 

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs) With 1,000,000 or More 

Population: 2000. 

Source: Census 2000, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics, PHC-2-1, Part 1, 

Table 17, pp. 17-36. <http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-2-1-pt.1.pdf>. 

Table 19 shows 2000 census data using OMB standards in effect at the time of the census 

(April 2000). See Census 2000, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics, 

PHC-2-A, pp. A-16 and A-17, <http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-2-a.pdf>. 

For a general description of metropolitan areas (MAs), see text for Table 16. To meet the needs of 

various data users, the standards for defining MAs permit an MA to be classified either as a 

metropolitan statistical area (MSA), or as a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) that is 

divided into primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs). For purposes of ranking MAs by total 
16 

population in 2000 in Table 19, MSAs and CMSAs are used, and component PMSAs are shown for 

each CMSA. 

Table 20.	 Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Areas With 500,000 or More Population: 

1960. 

Source: For 1960, 1960 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Parts 2-52 (for 

each state), PC(1)-C1 to C52, Table 72. 

For a general description of metropolitan areas (MAs), see text for Table 16. MAs for which data 

were shown in 1960 census reports were standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). In addition, 

two standard consolidated areas (SCAs) were included, for New York and Chicago. These correspond 

generally to standard metropolitan areas (SMAs) for New York and Chicago shown in 1950 census 

reports. For purposes of ranking MAs by total population in 1960 in Table 20, the two SCAs and the 

SMSAs outside of the New York and Chicago SCAs are used. On this basis, there are 49 MAs with 

500,000 or more population shown in Table 20. 

Table 21. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Districts With 250,000 or More 

Population: 1940. 

Source: 1940 census, Vol. II (Dubester #956), Parts 1-7, Table 4 (for each state). 

Metropolitan districts were defined by the Census Bureau for use in presenting decennial census 

data from 1910 to 1940; however, data by nativity of the total population for metropolitan districts 

were published only for 1940. Metropolitan districts, which were replaced starting in 1950 with 

county-based metropolitan areas, were defined in 1940 in general as cities with 50,000 or more 

population and all contiguous minor civil divisions or incorporated places with an average population 

density of 150 or more persons per square mile. For more information, see the source cited for 

Table 21. 

Table 22. Nativity of the Population by Urban-Rural Residence and Size of Place: 1870 to 1940 

and 1960 to 2000. 

Source: For 1870, 1870 census, Vol. I (Dubester #45), Table III, pp. 77-296, and Table IV, p. 299. 

For 1880, 1880 census, Vol. I (Dubester #61), Table VII, p. 426, and Table IX, pp. 447-456. For 1890­

1900, 1900 census, Supplementary Analysis (Dubester #273), Table XXII, p. 51, Tables 10-11, pp. 

620-627. For 1900-1940 for urban and rural, 1940 census, Vol. II, Part 1 (Dubester # 957), Tables 4-5, 

pp. 19-20. For 1910, 1910 census, Vol. I (Dubester #296), Ch. II, Table 37, p. 178. For 1920, 1920 

census, Vol. II (Dubester #453), Ch. I, Table 13, p. 47. For 1930, 1930 census, Vol. II (Dubester 

#653), Ch. 2, Table 23, pp. 67-73. For 1940, 1940 census, Vol. II, Part 1-7 (Dubester #956), Table 36 

(for each state). For 1960, 1960 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Part 1, 

PC(1)-C1, Table 100, p. 233. For 1970, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, 

Part 1, PC(1)-C1, Table 97, p. 403. For 1980, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, 

Ch. C, Part 1, PC80-1-C1, Table 99, p. 68. For 1990, 1990 census, Social and Economic 
17 

Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-1, Table 13, p. 13. For 2000, Census 2000, 

<http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html>, Summary File 3, Detailed Tables, Table P21. 

In 2000, the urban population was defined as the population of urbanized areas (50,000 or more 

population) and urban clusters (2,500 to 49,999 population) where both urbanized areas and urban 

clusters encompassed densely settled territory without regard to corporate boundaries. The remainder 

of the population was defined as rural. The definition of urban in 2000 differs from that of 1990 and 

earlier, which relied heavily on corporate boundaries. For more information on the 2000 definition of 

urban, see <http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-1-1-pt2.pdf>. 

In 1990, the urban population was defined as the population in (1) incorporated places (e.g., cities) 

of 2,500 or more population, (2) census designated places (CDPs) (i.e., unincorporated places) of 

2,500 or more population, and (3) other territory, incorporated or unincorporated, in urbanized areas. 

The remainder of the population was defined as rural. 

In 1990, urbanized areas were defined as one or more "central places" and the adjacent densely 

settled (with at least 1,000 population per square mile) surrounding territory ("urban fringe") that 

together had at least 50,000 population. 

Changes in the definitions of urban, rural, and urbanized areas were relatively minor from 1950, 

when urbanized areas were first delineated, to 1990. Prior to 1950, the urban population was defined 

generally as the population in incorporated places of 2,500 or more population. The population 

threshold of 2,500 for defining places as urban was adopted in the 1910 census; however, data on the 

nativity of the population using this population threshold are available for 1890 and 1900 and are 

included in Table 22. 

The rural population is classified as rural nonfarm or rural farm. The farm population consists of 

individuals in households living in farm residences. In the 2000 census, a one-family house or mobile 

home was classified as a farm residence if (1) it was located on a property of 1 acre or more and (2) at 

least $1,000 of agricultural products were sold from the property in 1999. Data on the nativity of the 

rural farm and rural nonfarm population are available since 1930; however, the definition of farm 

changed considerably between 1930 and 2000. From 1930 to 1950, the farm population included all 

individuals living on farms. The definition of a farm depended primarily upon local usage and the 

respondent's view of what constituted a farm. In 1960, acreage and sales were introduced in the 

decennial census as criteria for defining farms. 

For more detailed discussions of definitions of urban, urban place, urbanized area, rural, rural 

nonfarm, and rural farm see the sources for Table 22. For more detailed discussions of the changes in 

definitions of urban and urban place, see also Truesdell, 1949, and Gibson, 1998. 

Table 23. Nativity of the Population for the 50 Largest Urban Places: 1870 to 2000. 

Sources: For 1870 for all places, 1870 census, Vol. I (Dubester #45), Table III, pp. 77-296. For 

1880 for places of 4,000+ population, 1880 census, Vol. I (Dubester # 61), Table IX, pp. 447-456. For 
18 

1890 for places of 2,500+ population, 1890 census, Vol. I, Part 1 (Dubester #177), Table 19, pp. 451­

485. For 1900 for places of 2,500+ population, 1900 census, Vol. I, Part 1 (Dubester #252), Table 23, 

pp. 609-646. For 1910 for places of 100,000+ population, 1910 census, Vol. I (Dubester #296), Ch. II, 

Table 37, p. 178; and for places of 25,000-99,999 population, Ch. VII, Table 38, pp. 860-865. For 

1920 for places of 100,000+ population, 1920 census, Vol. I (Dubester # 453), Ch. I, Table 13, p. 47; 

and for places of 25,000-99,999 population, Ch. VI, Table 17, pp. 760-767. For 1930 for places of 

100,000+ population, 1930 census, Vol. II (Dubester #653), Ch. 2, Table 23, pp. 67-73; and for places 

of 50,000-99,999 population, Ch. 4, Table 35, pp. 199-201. For 1940 for places of 100,000+ 

population, 1940 census, Vol. II, Parts 1-7 (Dubester # 956), Table 36 (for each state); and for places 

of 10,000-99,999 population, Table 31 (for each state). For 1950 for places of 100,000+ population, 

1950 census, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Parts 2-50 (for states), Bulletin P-C2 to 

C50, Table 55. For 1960 for places of 10,000+ population, 1960 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the 

Population, Ch. C, Parts 2-52 (for states), PC(1)-C2 to C52, Table 72. For 1970 for places of 50,000+ 

population, 1970 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Parts 2-52 (for states), 

PC(1)-C1 to C52, Table 81; and for places of 10,000-49,999 population, Table 102. For 1980 for 

places of 50,000+ population, 1980 census, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Ch. C, Parts 2-52 

(for states), PC (1)-C2 to C52, Tables 118 and 118a; for places of 10,000-49,999 population, Tables 

156 and 156a; and for places of 2,500-9,999 population, Tables 166 and 166a. For 1990 for places of 

10,000+ population, 1990 census, Social and Economic Characteristics, 1990 CP-2-2 to 52, Table 167; 

and for places of 2,500-9,999 population, Table 195. For 2000, Census 2000, Summary Social, 

Economic, and Housing Characteristics, PHC-2-1, Part 2, Table 49, pp. 836-839. 

<http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-2-1-pt.2.pdf>. 

Table 23 includes data starting with the 1870 census, the first census for which reports showed data 

on a comprehensive basis on the nativity of the population for places. The lists of the 50 largest urban 

places at each census through 1990 are from Gibson, 1998. With a few exceptions, the urban places 

shown in Table 23 are incorporated cities. Honolulu, which is included from 1960 to 2000, is a census 

designated place (CDP). (See text for Table 22 regarding CDPs.) Three cities included in Table 23 

from 1970 to 2000 reflect consolidations of city and county governments: Indianapolis, Jacksonville, 

and Nashville. The first two are listed as cities in census publications while the last is listed as 

Nashville-Davidson. See sources for Table 23 for more information on consolidated cities. 

Table 24.	 Nativity of the Population for the 25 Largest Urban Places and for Selected Counties: 

1860. 

Source: 1860 census, Population of the United States in 1860 (Dubester #37), recapitulation 

section, pp. 608-615, and state sections, Tables 3-4. 

Table 24 presents available data on the population of the 25 largest urban places in 1860, along 

with data for their parent counties when data are not available for the individual urban places in 1850 

or 1860. In the 1870 census, in which data are available for both counties and places, the percent 

foreign born in the population in these cities was usually higher than in their respective parent 

counties. 
19 

Table 25.	 Nativity of the Population for the 25 Largest Urban Places and for Selected Counties: 

1850. 

Source: 1850 census, The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850 (Dubester # 30), Table of 

Counties, Districts, and Parishes in the United States, 1850, pp. xcv-cii, and Census of 1852 for 

California, Tables I-II, p. 982; and Statistical View of the United States (Dubester # 33) Appendix, 

Table III, p. 399. 

Table 25 presents available data on the population of the 25 largest urban places in 1850, along 

with data for their parent counties when data are not available for the individual urban places in 1850 

or 1860. In the 1870 census, in which data are available for both counties and places, the percent 

foreign born in the population in these cities was usually higher than in their respective parent 

counties. 

Table 26. Nativity of the Population for Urban Places Ever Among the 50 Largest Urban Places 

Since 1870: 1850 to 2000. 

Sources: See sources for Table 23. 

Each urban place included for any year in Table 23 is included in Table 26. Available data on 

nativity of the population are included for each year, regardless of whether or not the urban place was 

among the 50 largest urban places in that year. Ranks in total population for 1950 to 1990 among all 

urban places in the United States, which are based on sample data, differ in a few cases from those 

shown in Gibson, 1998, which are based on complete-count data for all censuses in the 1850 to 1990 

period. 
20 

GENERAL REFERENCES 
 

Anderson, Margo J. 1988. The American Census: a Social History. New Haven, CT: Yale University 

Press. 

Bohme, Frederick G. et al. 1973. Population and Housing Inquiries in U.S. Decennial Censuses, 1790­

1970. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Working Paper No. 39. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing 

Office. 

Dahmann, Donald C. 1992. "Accounting for the Geography of Population: 200 Years of Census 

Bureau Practice with Macro-Scale Sub-National Regions." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of 

the Association of American Geographers, San Diego, CA, 18-22 April 1992. 

Dubester, Henry J. 1950. Catalog of United States Census Publications: 1790-1945. Washington, DC: 

U.S. Government Printing Office. (Reprinted in U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1974.) 

Eckler, Ross A. 1972. The Bureau of the Census. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers. 

Fay, Robert E. et al. 1988. "The Coverage of Population in the 1980 Census." Bureau of the Census, 

Evaluation and Research Reports, PHC80-E4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Forstall, Richard L. 1996. Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990. 

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Gibson, Campbell. 1998. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United 

States: 1790 to 1990. Population Division Working Paper No. 27. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the 

Census. 

Gibson, Campbell and Emily Lennon, 1999. Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born 

Population of the United States: 1850 to 1990. Population Division Working Paper No. 29. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 

Robinson, J. Gregory. 2001. ESCAP II: Demographic Analysis Results. U.S. Census Bureau, 

<http://www.census.gov/dmd/www/pdf/Report1.PDF>. 

Robinson, J. Gregory et al. 1993. "Estimation of Population Coverage in the 1990 United States 

Census Based on Demographic Analysis," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 88, 

No. 423 (September 1993), pp. 1061-1079. 

Truesdell, Leon E. 1949. "The Development of the Urban-Rural Classification in the United States: 

1874 to 1949." Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 1. Washington, 

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 
21 

United Nations. No date. 2002 Demographic Yearbook. Department for Economic and Social 

Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. New York: United Nations, 

<http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm>. 

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1949. Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945. Washington, 

DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1960. Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957. Washington, DC: 

U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1974. Catalog of Publications: 1790-1972. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing 

Office. 

_____. 1975. Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. Washington, DC: 

U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1984. Bureau of the Census Catalog: 1984. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1994. Census Catalog and Guide: 1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

U.S. Census Bureau. 2001a. Report of the Executive Steering Committee for Accuracy and Coverage 

Evaluation Policy on Adjustment for Non-Redistricting Uses, 

<http://www.census.gov/dmd/www/pdf/Recommend2.pdf>. 

_____. 2001b. Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin:2000. Census 2000 Brief. C2KBR/01-1. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 

<http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-1.pdf>. 

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. 1997. Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and 

Naturalization Service, 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

U.S. Office of Management and Budget. 1977. Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and 

Administrative Reporting. Statistical Policy Directive No. 15. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of 

Management and Budget. 

_____. 1997. Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. 

Federal Register, Vol. 62, No. 210 (October 30), pp. 58782-58790. 

_____. 2000. Standards for Defining Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas. Federal 

Register, Vol. 65, No. 249 (December 27), pp. 82228-82238. 

Voegelin, C.F. and F.M. 1977. Classification and Index of the World's Languages. New York, NY: 

Elsevier North Holland, Inc. 

Wright, Carroll D. and William C. Hunt. 1900. The History and Growth of the United States Census. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 
22 

DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA PUBLICATIONS 


(References are listed chronologically, starting with publications from the U.S. Census Office followed 

by publications from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the U.S. Census Bureau. Dubester numbers 

are from Henry J. Dubester, Catalog of United States Census Publications: 1790-1945. See General 

References. Lengthy titles are shortened for references cited in Dubester, which includes full titles and 

annotations.) 

U.S. Census Office. 1853. Census of Population: 1850. The Seventh Census of the United States 

(Dubester #30). Washington, DC: Robert Armstrong, public printer. 

_____. 1854. Census of Population: 1850, Statistical View of the United States (Dubester #33). 

Washington, DC: Beverley Tucker, Senate Printer. 

_____. 1864. Census of Population: 1860. Population of the United States (Dubester #37). 

Washington, DC. U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1872a. Census of Population: 1870, Vol. I, The Statistics of the Population of the 

United States (Dubester #45). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1872b. Census of Population: 1870, Vol. II, The Vital Statistics of the United States 

(Dubester #49). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1883. Census of Population: 1880, Vol. I. Statistics of the Population of the United States 

(Dubester #61). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1895. Census of Population: 1890, Vol. I, Report on Population of the United States, Part 1 

(Dubester #177). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1897. Census of Population: 1890, Vol. I, Report on Population of the United States, Part 2 

(Dubester # 178). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1901. Census of Population: 1900, Vol. I, Population, Part 1 (Dubester #252). 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1902. Census of Population: 1900, Vol. II, Population, Part 2 (Dubester #254). 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1906. Census of Population: 1900, Supplementary Analysis and 

Derivative Tables (Dubester #273). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1909. A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the 

Twelfth: 1790 to 1900 (Dubester #2785). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 
23 

_____. 1913a. Census of Population: 1910, Vol. I, General Report and Analysis (Dubester #296). 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1913b. Census of Population: 1910, Vol. II, Reports by States – Alabama-Montana 

(Dubester #313). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1913c. Census of Population: 1910, Vol. III, Reports by States – Nebraska-Wyoming, Alaska, 

Hawaii, and Porto Rico (Dubester #314). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1922a. Census of Population: 1920, Vol. II, General Report and Analytical Tables 

(Dubester #453). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1922b. Census of Population: 1920, Vol. III, Composition and Characteristics of the 

Population by States (Dubester #470). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1933a. Census of Population: 1930, Vol. II, General Report (Dubester #653). 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1933b. Census of Population: 1930, Vol. III, Reports by States (Dubester #668). 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1943a. Census of Population: 1940, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 1 to 7, 

(Dubester #956). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1943b. Census of Population: 1940, Vol. IV, Characteristics by Age, Part 1 (Dubester #971). 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1943c. Census of Population: 1940, Characteristics of the Nonwhite Population by Race 

(Dubester #976). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1943d. Census of Population: 1940, Mother Tongue (Dubester #1004). Washington, DC: 

U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1953a. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1, 

United States Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1953b. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 2-52, 

Alabama to Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1953c. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. IV, Special Reports, Part 3, No. 3B, Nonwhite 

Population by Race. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 
24 

_____. 1953d. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. IV, Special Reports, Part 3, No. 3D, Puerto Ricans 

in Continental United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1963a. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1C, Nonwhite Population by 

Race. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1963b. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1D, Puerto Ricans in the 

United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1963c. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 2A, State of Birth. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1964a. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1, 

United States Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1964b. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 2-52, 

Alabama to Wyoming. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1965. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1A, Nativity and Parentage. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1966. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1E, Mother Tongue of the 

Foreign Born. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973a. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. 1, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1, 

United States Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973b. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. 1, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 2-52, 

Alabama to Wyoming. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973c. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1A, National Origin and 

Language. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973d. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1B, Negro Population. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973e. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1C, Persons of Spanish Origin. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973f. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1D, Persons of Spanish 

Surname. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 
25 

_____. 1973g. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1E, Puerto Ricans in the 

United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973h. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1F, American Indians. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973i. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1G, Japanese, Chinese, and 

Filipinos in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1973j. Census of Population: 1970, Supplementary Report, PC(S1)-30, Persons of Spanish 

Ancestry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1982. Census of Population: 1980, General Population Characteristics, Alabama to Wyoming, 

PC80-1-B2 - B52 (Vol.1,Ch. B, Parts 2-52). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1983a. Census of Population: 1980, General Population Characteristics, United States 

Summary, PC80-1-B1 (Vol. 1, Ch. B, Part 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1983b. Census of Population: 1980, General Social and Economic Characteristics, 

United States Summary, PC80-1-C1 (Vol. 1, Ch. C, Part 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government 

Printing Office. 

_____. 1992a. Census of Population: 1990, General Population Characteristics, United States, 

1990 CP-1-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1992b. Census of Population: 1990, General Population Characteristics, Alabama to 

Wyoming, 1990 CP-1-2 to 1-52. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1993a. Census of Population: 1990, Social and Economic Characteristics, United States. 

1990 CP-2-1, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1993b. Census of Population: 1990, The Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 

1990 CP-3-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 

_____. 1993c. Census of Population: 1990, Supplementary Reports, Metropolitan Areas as Defined 

by the Office of Management and Budget, June 30, 1993. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing 

Office. 

U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Census of Population: 2000, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing 

Characteristics, United States Summary, PHC-2-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing 

Office. 
97 

POPULATION DIVISION WORKING PAPER SERIES 

For copies of these working papers, please contact the Statistical Information Staff, Population 


Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8800 (301)763-2422/pop@census.gov 


No. 1 - The Census Bureau Approach for Allocating International Migration to States, Counties, 

and Places: 1981-1991. David L. Word. Issued October 1992. 

No. 2 - Geographic Coding of Administrative Records--Past Experience and Current Research. 

Douglas K.Sater. Issued April 1993. 

No. 3 - Postcensal Population Estimates: States, Counties, and Places. John F. Long. 

Issued August 1993. 

No. 4 - Evaluating the Passel-Word Spanish Surname List: 1990 Decennial Census Post 

Enumeration Survey Results. R. Colby Perkins. Issued August 1993. 

No. 5 - Evaluation of Postcensal County Estimates for the 1980s. Sam T. Davis. 

Issued March 1994. 

No. 6 - Metropolitan Growth and Expansion in the 1980s. Richard L. Forstall and James D. 

Fitzsimmons. Issued April 1993. 

No. 7 - Geographic Coding of Administrative Records -- Current Research in ZIP/Sector-to-County 

Coding Process. Douglas K. Sater. Issued June 1994. 

No. 8 - Illustrative Ranges of the Distribution of Undocumented Immigrants by State. Edward W. 

Fernandez and J. Gregory Robinson. Issued October 1994. 

No. 9 - Estimates of Emigration of the Foreign-Born Population: 1980-l990. Bashir Ahmed and J. 

Gregory Robinson. Issued December 1994. 

No. 10 - Estimation of the Annual Emigration of U.S. Born Persons by Using Foreign Censuses and 

Selected Administrative Data: Circa 1980. Edward W. Fernandez. Issued January 1995. 

No. ll - Using Analytic Techniques to Evaluate the 1990 Census Coverage of Young Hispanics. 

Edward Fernandez. Issued May 1995. 

No. 12 - Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas: New Approaches to Geographical Definition. 

Donald C. Dahmann and James D. Fitzsimmons. Issued October 1995. 

No. 13 - Building a Spanish Surname List for the 1990's--New Approach to An Old Problem. David 

L. Word and R. Colby Perkins, Jr. Issued February 1996. 
98 

No. 14 - Fertility of American Men. Amara Bachu. Issued March 1996. 

No. 15 - Comparisons of Selected Social and Economic Characteristics Between Asians, Hawaiians, 

Pacific Islanders, and American Indians (Including Alaskan Natives). Edward W. 

Fernandez. Issued June 1996. 

No. 16 - Findings on Questions on Race and Hispanic Origin Tested in the 1996 National Content 

Survey. Prepared in the Population Division by the Racial Statistics Branch and the Ethnic 

and Hispanic Statistics Branch. Issued December 1996. 

No. 17 - Race and Ethnicity Classification Consistency Between the Census Bureau and the National 

Center for Health Statistics. Larry Sink. Issued February 1997. 

No. 18 - Results of the 1996 Race and Ethnic Targeted Test. Issued May 1997. 

No. 19 - Who Responds/Who Doesn’t? Analyzing Variation in Mail Response Rates During the 

1990 Census. David L. Word. Issued July 1997. 

No. 20 - Trends in Marital Status of U.S. Women at First Birth: 1930 to 1994. Amara Bachu. 

Issued March 1998. 

No. 21 - State Estimates of Organized Child Care Facilities. Lynne Casper and Martin O’Connell. 

Issued March 1998. 

No. 22 - How Well Does the Current Population Survey Measure the Foreign-Born Population in the 

United States Dianne Schmidley and J. Gregory Robinson. Issued April 1998 

No. 23 - Poverty, Family Structure, and Child Well-Being: Indicators from the SIPP. 

Jason Fields and Kristin Smith. Issued April 1998 

No. 24 - Child Well-Being Indicators from the SIPP. 

Kristin Smith, Loretta Bass, and Jason Fields. Issued April 1998 

No. 25 - Timing of First Births: 1930-34, 1990-94. Amara Bachu. Issued May 1998 

No. 26 - Co-Resident Grandparents and Grandchildren: Grandparent Maintained Families. Lynne 

Casper and Ken Bryson. Issued March 1998. 

No. 27 - Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 

1990. Campbell Gibson. Issued June 1998 

No. 28 - Are There Differences in Voting Behavior Between Naturalized and Native-born 

Americans? Loretta E. Bass and Lynne M. Casper. Issued March 1999. 
99 

No. 29 - Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850­

1990. Campbell J. Gibson. Issued February 1999 

No. 30 - Direct Measures of Poverty as Indicators of Economic Need: Evidence from the Survey of 

Income and Program Participation. Kurt J. Bauman. November 1998 

No. 31 - American Community Survey and Intercensal Population Estimates: Where Are the Crossroads? Amy Symens. Issued December 1998 

No. 32 - Women’s Labor Force Attachment Patterns and Maternity Leave: A Review of the 

Literature. Kristen Smith and Amara Bachu. Issued January 1999 

No. 33 - Evaluation of Relationship, Marital Status, and Grandparents Items on the Census 2000 

Dress Rehearsal Charles Clark and Jason Fields. Issued April 1999. 

No. 34 - Unbinding the Ties: Edit Effects of Marital Status on Same Gender Couples. 

Charles Clark and Jason Fields. Issued April 1999. 

No. 35 - Racial-Ethnic and Gender Differences in Returns to Cohabitation and Marriage: Evidence 

from the Current Population Survey. Philip N. Cohen. Issued May 1999. 

No. 36 - How Does POSSLQ Measure Up? Historical Estimates of Cohabitation. 

Lynne Casper, Philip N. Cohen, and Tavia Simmons. Issued May 1999. 

No. 37 - Childlessness Among American Women On the Rise? Amara Bachu. Issued May 1999. 

No. 38 - Methodology and Assumptions for the Population Projections of the United States: 1999 to 

2100. Frederick Hollman, Tammany Mulder, and Jeffrey Kallan. Issued January 1999. 

No. 39 - What Do We Know About the Undercount of Children? Kirsten K. West and J. Gregory 

Robinson. Issued August 1999. 

No. 40 - Canceled 

No. 41 - Canceled 

No. 42 - Measures of Help Available to Households in Need: Their Relationship to Well-Being, 

Welfare, and Work. Kurt Bauman and Barbara Downs. Issued May 2000 

No. 43 - Have We Reached the Top? Educational Attainment Projections of the U.S. Population. 

Jennifer Cheeseman Day and Kurt Bauman. Issued May 2000. 
100 

No. 44 - The Emerging American Voter: An Examination of the Increase in the Black Vote in 

November 1998. Avalaura L. Gaither and Eric C. Newburger. Issued June 2000 

No. 45 - An Analysis of State and County Population Changes by Characteristics: 1990-1999. Amy 

Symens Smith, Bashir Ahmed, and Larry Sink. Issued November 2000. 

No. 46 - The Effect of Work and Welfare on Living Conditions in Single Parent Households. Kurt 

Bauman. Issued August 2000. 

No. 47 -	 Canceled 

No. 48 -	 Canceled 

No. 49 -	 Variations in State Mortality From 1960 to 1990. 

Monique Oosse. Issued September 2003. 

No. 50 - Accuracy of the U.S. Census Bureau National Population Projections and Their Respective 

Components of Change. Tammany Mulder. Issued November 2002. 

No. 51 - U.S. Census Bureau Measurement of Net International Migration to the United States: 1990 

to 2000. Tammany Mulder, Frederick Hollmann, Lisa Lollock, Rachel Cassidy, Joseph 

Costanzo, and Josephine Baker. Issued February 2002. 

No. 52 - At-Risk Conditions of U.S. School-Age Children. Robert Kominski, Amie Jamieson, and 

Gladys Martinez. Issued June 2001. 

No. 53 - Home Schooling in the United States: Trends and Characteristics. K. J. Bauman. Issued 

August 2001. 

No. 54 - Evaluation of the 1990 School District Level Population Estimates Based on the Synthetic 

Ratio Approach. E. R. Miller. Issued September 2001. 

No. 55 - State Estimates of Child Care Establishments 1977-1997. 

Grace O’Neil and Martin O’Connell. Issued August 2001. 

No. 56 - Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic 

Origin, 1970 to 1990, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States. Campbell 

Gibson and Kay Jung. Issued September 2002. 

No. 57 - Evaluating Forecast Error in State Population Projections Using Census 2000 Counts. 

Paul Campbell. Issued July 2002. 
101 

No. 58 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: Estimates of the Foreign-Born 

Population by Migrant Status: 2000. Kevin Deardorff and Lisa Blumerman. Issued 

November 2002. 

No. 59 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: Legal Migrants. Marc Perry, Barbara 

Van der Vate, Lea Auman, and Kathy Morris. Issued November 2001. 

No. 60 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: Temporary (Legal) Migrants. Rachel 

Cassidy and Lucinda Pearson. Issued November 2001 

No. 61 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: The Residual Foreign Born. 

Joe Costanzo, Cynthia Davis, Caribert Irazi, Daniel Goodkind, Roberto Ramirez. Issued 

January 2002. 

No. 62 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: Foreign-Born Emigrants. Tammany 

Mulder, Betsy Guzmán, and Angela Brittingham. Issued June 2002. 

No. 63 - Evaluating Components of Internation Migration: Native-Born Emigrants. 

Jim C. Gibbs, Gregory S. Harper, Marc J. Rubin, and Hyon B. Shin. 

Issued January 2003. 

No. 64 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: Migration Between Puerto Rico and 

the United States. Matt Christenson. Issued January 2002. 

No. 65 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: Quality of Foreign-Born and Hispanic 

Population Data. Art Cresce, Roberto Ramirez, and Gregory Spencer. Issued July 2002. 

No. 66 - Evaluating Components of International Migration: Consistency of 2000 Nativity Data. 

Nolan Malone. Issued January 2002. 

No. 67 - Evaluation of Census Bureau’s1995-2025 State Population Projections. 

Ching Li Wang. Issued October 2002. 

No. 68 - Guide To International Migration Statistics: The Sources, Collection, and Processing of 

Foreign-Born Population Data at the U.S. Census Bureau. 

Joseph M. Costanzo, Cynthia J. Davis, and Nolan Malone. Issued October 2002. 

No. 69 - Seasonality of Moves and Duration and Tenure of Residence: 1996. 

Jason Schachter and Jeffrey Kuenzi. Issued December 2002. 

No. 70 - Evaluation of 2000 Subcounty Population Estimates. 

Greg Harper, Chuck Coleman, and Jason Devine. Issued May 2003. 
 

102 

No. 71 - People Might Move Out but Housing Units Don’t: An Evaluation of the State and County 

Housing Unit Estimates. 

Jason Devine and Charles Coleman. Issued April 2003. 

No. 72 - Analysis of General Hispanic Responses in Census 2000. 

Arthur R. Cresce and Roberto R. Ramirez. Issued September 2003. 

No. 73 - Measuring the Foreign-Born Population in the United States With the Current Population 

Survey: 1994-2002. 

A. Dianne Schmidley and J. Gregory Robinson. Issued October 2003. 

No. 74 - Evaluation of April 1, 2000 School District Population Estimates Based on the Synthetic 

Ratio Method. Monique Oosse. Issued June 2004. 

No. 75 -	 Identification of Hispanic Ethnicity in Census 2000: Analysis of Data Quality for 

the Question on Hispanic Origin. 

Arthur R. Cresce, Audrey Dianne Schmidley and Robert R. Ramirez 

Issued July 2004. 

No. 76 - Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 To 1990, And By 

Hispanic Origin, 1970 To 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United 

States. 

Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. Issued July 2005. 

No. 77 - Analysis of Multiple Origin Reporting to the Hispanic Origin Question in Census 2000. 

Roberto Ramirez. Issued November 2005. 

No. 78 - Changes in the Lives of U.S. Children: 1990-2000. 

Julia Overturf Johnson. Issued July 2005. 

No. 79 - Matched Race and Hispanic Origin Responses from Census 2000 and Current Population 

Survey February to May 2000. 

Jorge del Pinal and A. Dianne Schmidley. Issued January 2006. 

No. 80 - Thirty-Five Years of Tracking Hispanic Ethnicity: Evaluation of Current Population Survey 

Data Quality for the Question of Hispanic Origin, 1969 to 2004. 

A. Dianne Schmidley and Arthur R. Cresce. Release Pending. 

No. 81 - Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 

2000 

Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. Issued February 2006. 
(Leading dots indicate subparts)

Footnotes:

Table 1. Nativity of the Population and Place of Birth of the Native Population: 1850 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Year 1 

Total 

population 

Native population 

Foreignborn 

Total population

Born in the 

United States 

Born abroad 

Total 

In 

outlying 

areas 2 

Of 

American 

parents 

NUMBER 

2000*............................ 281,421,906 250,314,017 246,786,466 3,527,551 1,606,634 1,920,917 31,107,889 

1990*............................ 248,709,873 228,942,557 225,695,826 3,246,731 1,382,446 1,864,285 19,767,316 

1980*............................ 226,545,805 212,465,899 210,322,697 2,143,202 1,088,172 1,055,030 14,079,906 

1970* 3

 ......................... 203,210,158 193,590,856 191,329,489 2,261,367 891,266 1,370,101 9,619,302 

1960* 1

 ......................... 179,325,671 169,587,580 168,525,645 1,061,935 660,425 401,510 9,738,091 

1950*............................ 150,216,110 139,868,715 139,442,390 426,325 329,970 96,355 10,347,395 

1940............................. 131,669,275 120,074,379 119,795,254 279,125 156,956 122,169 11,594,896 

1930............................. 122,775,046 108,570,897 108,304,188 266,709 136,032 130,677 14,204,149 

1920............................. 105,710,620 91,789,928 91,659,045 130,883 38,020 92,863 13,920,692 

1910............................. 91,972,266 78,456,380 78,381,104 75,276 7,365 67,911 13,515,886 

1900............................. 75,994,575 65,653,299 65,583,225 70,074 2,923 67,151 10,341,276 

1890 1

 .......................... 62,622,250 53,372,703 53,362,371 10,332 322 10,010 9,249,547 

1880............................. 50,155,783 43,475,840 43,475,498 342 51 291 6,679,943 

1870............................. 38,558,371 32,991,142 32,990,922 220 51 169 5,567,229 

1860 4

 .......................... 31,443,321 27,304,624 27,304,624 - - - 4,138,697 

1850 4

 .......................... 23,191,876 20,947,274 20,947,274 - - - 2,244,602 

PERCENT

 DISTRIBUTION 

2000*............................ 100.0 88.9 87.7 1.3 0.6 0.7 11.1 

1990*............................ 100.0 92.1 90.7 1.3 0.6 0.7 7.9 

1980*............................ 100.0 93.8 92.8 0.9 0.5 0.5 6.2 

1970* 3

 ......................... 100.0 95.3 94.2 1.1 0.4 0.7 4.7 

1960* 1

 ......................... 100.0 94.6 94.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 5.4 

1950*............................ 100.0 93.1 92.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 6.9 

1940............................. 100.0 91.2 91.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 8.8 

1930............................. 100.0 88.4 88.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 11.6 

1920............................. 100.0 86.8 86.7 0.1 - 0.1 13.2 

1910............................. 100.0 85.3 85.2 0.1 - 0.1 14.7 

1900............................. 100.0 86.4 86.3 0.1 - 0.1 13.6 

1890 1

 .......................... 100.0 85.2 85.2 - - - 14.8 

1880............................. 100.0 86.7 86.7 - - - 13.3 

1870............................. 100.0 85.6 85.6 - - - 14.4 

1860 4

 .......................... 100.0 86.8 86.8 - - - 13.2 

1850 4

 .......................... 100.0 90.3 90.3 - - - 9.7 

* Indicates sample data. 

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

1

 Starting in 1960, includes population of Alaska and Hawaii. For 1890, excludes population enumerated in the Indian Territory and on 

Indian reservations for whom information on most topics, including nativity, was not collected. See Table 6.
 2

 Puerto Rico is the only outlying area for which the number has ever exceeded 100,000. The numbers for Puerto Rico: 1,439,674 in 

2000; 1,190,533 in 1990; 1,002,863 in 1980; 810,087 in 1970; 617,056 in 1960; 226,010 in 1950; 69,967 in 1940; 52,774 in 1930; 

11,811 in 1920; 1,513 In 1910; and 678 in 1900. See text for Table 1.
 3

 The data shown in Table 1 are based on the 15-percent sample. For 1970, data based on the 5-percent sample show total population 

as 203,193,774, native population as 193,590,856, born in the United States as 191,836,655, born abroad as 1,617,396, in outlying 

areas as 873,241, of American parents as 744,155, and foreign-born population as 9,739,723. See text for Table 1.
 4

 In 1850 and 1860, information on nativity was not collected for slaves. The data in the table assume, as was done in 1870 census 

reports, that all slaves in 1850 and 1860 were native. Of the total Black population of 4,880,009 in 1870, 9,645, or 0.2 percent, were 

foreign-born (1870 census, Vol. I, Dubester #45, Table XXII, pp. 606-615).
 

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Footnotes:

Table 2. World Region of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1850 to 1930 and 1960 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Year Total 

Region of birth reported 1 

Region of 

birth not 

reported 1 Total Europe Asia Africa Oceania 

Latin 

America 

Northern 

America 

NUMBER 2 

2000*............................... 31,107,889 31,107,573 4,915,557 8,226,254 881,300 168,046 16,086,974 829,442 316 

1990*............................... 19,767,316 18,959,158 4,350,403 4,979,037 363,819 104,145 8,407,837 753,917 808,158 

1980*............................... 14,079,906 13,192,563 5,149,572 2,539,777 199,723 77,577 4,372,487 853,427 887,343 

1970*............................... 9,619,302 9,303,570 5,740,891 824,887 80,143 41,258 1,803,970 812,421 315,732 

1960*............................... 9,738,091 9,678,201 7,256,311 490,996 35,355 34,730 908,309 952,500 59,890 

1930................................. 14,204,149 14,197,553 11,784,010 275,665 18,326 17,343 791,840 1,310,369 6,596 

1920................................. 13,920,692 13,911,767 11,916,048 237,950 16,126 14,626 588,843 1,138,174 8,925 

1910................................. 13,515,886 13,506,272 11,810,115 191,484 3,992 11,450 279,514 1,209,717 9,614 

1900................................. 10,341,276 10,330,534 8,881,548 120,248 2,538 8,820 137,458 1,179,922 10,742 

1890................................. 9,249,547 9,243,535 8,030,347 113,383 2,207 9,353 107,307 980,938 6,012 

1880................................. 6,679,943 6,675,875 5,751,823 107,630 2,204 6,859 90,073 717,286 4,068 

1870................................. 5,567,229 5,563,637 4,941,049 64,565 2,657 4,028 57,871 493,467 3,592 

1860................................. 4,138,697 4,134,809 3,807,062 36,796 526 2,140 38,315 249,970 3,888 

1850................................. 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

 FOR REGION OF BIRTH

 REPORTED 

2,244,602 2,202,625 2,031,867 1,135 551 588 20,773 147,711 41,977 

2000*............................... (X) 100.0 15.8 26.4 2.8 0.5 51.7 2.7 (X) 

1990*............................... (X) 100.0 22.9 26.3 1.9 0.5 44.3 4.0 (X) 

1980*............................... (X) 100.0 39.0 19.3 1.5 0.6 33.1 6.5 (X) 

1970*............................... (X) 100.0 61.7 8.9 0.9 0.4 19.4 8.7 (X) 

1960*............................... (X) 100.0 75.0 5.1 0.4 0.4 9.4 9.8 (X) 

1930................................. (X) 100.0 83.0 1.9 0.1 0.1 5.6 9.2 (X) 

1920................................. (X) 100.0 85.7 1.7 0.1 0.1 4.2 8.2 (X) 

1910................................. (X) 100.0 87.4 1.4 - 0.1 2.1 9.0 (X) 

1900................................. (X) 100.0 86.0 1.2 - 0.1 1.3 11.4 (X) 

1890................................. (X) 100.0 86.9 1.2 - 0.1 1.2 10.6 (X) 

1880................................. (X) 100.0 86.2 1.6 - 0.1 1.3 10.7 (X) 

1870................................. (X) 100.0 88.8 1.2 - 0.1 1.0 8.9 (X) 

1860................................. (X) 100.0 92.1 0.9 - 0.1 0.9 6.0 (X) 

1850................................. (X) 100.0 92.2 0.1 - - 0.9 6.7 (X) 

* Indicates sample data. 

(X) Not applicable. 

- Rounds to zero.
 1

 In 2000, for the first time, includes imputed data on country of birth if country of birth was not reported. Born at sea included with not reported.
 2

 See text for Table 4 regarding data for 1940 and 1950.
 

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Table 3. World Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1960 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Region and country or area 2000* 1990* 1980* 1970* 1960*

 Total............................................................ 31,107,889 19,767,316 14,079,906 9,619,302 9,738,091 

Reported by region and/or country 1

 ...................... 31,107,573 18,959,158 13,192,563 9,303,570 9,678,201

 Europe............................................................... 4,915,557 4,350,403 5,149,572 5,740,891 7,256,311

 Northern and Western Europe........................ 2,070,466 2,058,853 2,384,257 2,629,200 3,334,971

 Northern Europe......................................... 974,619 968,271 1,083,499 1,271,591 1,694,430

 British Isles............................................. 834,225 809,972 866,966 937,474 1,171,777

 United Kingdom.................................. 677,751 640,145 669,149 686,099 833,055

 Great Britain (total)......................... 664,574 623,614 649,318 645,262 764,893

 England...................................... 423,609 405,588 442,499 458,114 528,205

 Scotland...................................... 88,445 104,168 142,001 170,134 213,219

 Wales.......................................... 10,948 10,638 13,528 17,014 23,469

 Great Britain n.e.c....................... 141,572 103,220 51,290 (NA) (NA)

 Northern Ireland.............................. 13,177 16,531 19,831 40,837 68,162

 Ireland................................................. 156,474 169,827 197,817 251,375 338,722

 Scandinavia............................................ 140,394 158,299 216,533 334,117 522,653

 Denmark.............................................. 31,422 34,999 42,732 61,410 85,060

 Finland................................................. 21,408 22,313 29,172 45,499 67,624

 Iceland................................................. 5,553 5,071 4,156 2,895 2,780

 Norway................................................ 32,207 42,240 63,316 97,243 152,698

 Sweden................................................ 49,724 53,676 77,157 127,070 214,491

 Western Europe.......................................... 1,095,847 1,090,582 1,300,758 1,357,609 1,640,541

 Low countries......................................... 130,615 132,617 142,748 155,513 173,069

 Belgium............................................... 33,895 34,366 36,487 41,412 50,294

 Luxembourg........................................ 2,150 2,053 3,125 3,531 4,360

 Netherlands........................................ 94,570 96,198 103,136 110,570 118,415

 Austria.................................................... 63,648 87,673 145,607 214,014 304,507

 France.................................................... 151,154 119,233 120,215 105,385 111,582

 Germany................................................. 706,704 711,929 849,384 832,965 989,815

 Switzerland............................................. 43,106 39,130 42,804 49,732 61,568

 Southern and Eastern Europe........................ 2,840,721 2,285,513 2,748,547 3,090,991 3,907,020

 Southern Europe........................................ 934,665 1,054,141 1,336,805 1,363,195 1,541,441

 Greece.................................................... 165,750 177,398 210,998 177,275 159,167

 Italy....................................................... 473,338 580,592 831,922 1,008,533 1,256,999

 Malta....................................................... 8,560 9,614 10,182 (NA) (NA)

 Portugal (total) 2 .................................... 203,119 210,122 209,968 119,899 80,276

 Azores Islands.................................... 26,599 29,656 32,531 28,865 22,586

 Portugal.............................................. 175,571 180,466 177,437 91,034 57,690

 Spain...................................................... 82,858 76,415 73,735 57,488 44,999

 Eastern Europe........................................... 1,906,056 1,231,372 1,411,742 1,727,796 2,365,579

 Albania.................................................... 38,663 5,627 7,381 9,180 9,618

 Bulgaria.................................................. 35,090 8,579 8,463 8,609 8,223

 Czechoslovakia (former)......................... 83,081 87,020 112,707 160,899 227,618

 Estonia.................................................... 9,785 9,210 12,169 12,163 13,991

 Hungary.................................................. 92,017 110,337 144,368 183,236 245,252

 Latvia...................................................... 27,232 26,179 34,349 41,707 50,681

 Lithuania................................................. 28,490 29,745 48,194 76,001 121,475

 Poland.................................................... 466,742 388,328 418,128 548,107 747,750

 Romania................................................. 135,966 91,106 66,994 70,687 84,575

 Soviet Union (former) 3

 ......................... 838,809 333,725 406,022 463,462 690,598

 In Europe............................................ 710,676 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Belarus........................................... 38,503 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Moldova.......................................... 19,507 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Russia............................................. 340,177 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Ukraine........................................... 275,153 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 USSR n.e.c..................................... 37,336 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Yugoslavia (former)................................ 278,314 141,516 152,967 153,745 165,798

 Yugoslavia.......................................... 92,483 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Bosnia and Herzegovina.................... 98,766 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Croatia................................................ 40,908 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Macedonia.......................................... 18,680 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Slovenia.............................................. 5,973 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Serbia................................................. 10,284 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Kosovo................................................ 11,220 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Europe n.e.c................................................... 4,370 6,037 16,768 20,700 14,320 
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 Asia..................................................................... 8,226,254 4,979,037 2,539,777 824,887 490,996

 Eastern Asia................................................... 

China 

4

 ....................................................... 

2,739,510 

988,857 

1,784,702 

529,837 

956,491 

286,120 

(NA) 

172,132 

(NA)

99,735

 Hong Kong 

4

 .............................................. 203,580 147,131 80,380 (NA) (NA)

 Japan....................................................... 347,539 290,128 221,794 120,235 109,175

 Korea (total)................................................ 864,125 568,397 289,885 38,711 11,171

 Macau....................................................... 

Taiwan 

4

 .................................................... 

6,718 

326,215 

5,107 

244,102 

2,959 

75,353 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA)

(NA)

 South Central Asia.......................................... 1,745,201 819,378 373,535 (NA) (NA)

 Afghanistan................................................. 45,195 28,444 3,760 (NA) (NA)

 Bangladesh................................................. 95,294 21,414 4,989 (NA) (NA)

 India.......................................................... 1,022,552 450,406 206,087 51,000 12,296

 Iran............................................................ 283,226 210,941 121,505 (NA) (NA)

 Nepal......................................................... 11,715 2,262 844 (NA) (NA)

 Pakistan...................................................... 223,477 91,889 30,774 6,182 1,708

 Soviet Union (former, part)......................... 38,120 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Kazakhstan............................................. 9,154 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Kyrgyzstan.............................................. 2,376 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Tajikistan................................................ 2,665 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Turmenistan............................................ 896 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Uzbekistan.............................................. 23,029 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Sri Lanka.................................................... 25,263 14,022 5,576 (NA) (NA)

 South Eastern Asia......................................... 3,044,288 1,968,210 919,646 (NA) (NA)

 Burma....................................................... 32,588 19,835 11,236 (NA) (NA)

 Cambodia................................................... 136,978 118,833 20,175 (NA) (NA)

 Indonesia.................................................... 72,552 48,387 29,920 (NA) (NA)

 Laos........................................................... 204,284 171,577 54,881 (NA) (NA)

 Malaysia..................................................... 49,459 33,834 10,473 (NA) (NA)

 Philippines.................................................. 1,369,070 912,674 501,440 184,842 104,843

 Singapore................................................... 20,762 12,889 5,598 (NA) (NA)

 Thailand...................................................... 169,801 106,919 54,803 (NA) (NA)

 Vietnam...................................................... 988,174 543,262 231,120 (NA) (NA)

 Western Asia.................................................. 658,603 400,313 281,426 174,053 132,697

 Cyprus....................................................... 11,087 10,060 8,806 (NA) (NA)

 Iraq............................................................ 89,892 44,916 32,121 (NA) (NA)

 Israel.......................................................... 109,719 86,048 66,961 35,858 17,724

 Jordan....................................................... 46,794 31,871 21,587 (NA) (NA)

 Kuwait....................................................... 20,367 8,889 4,337 (NA) (NA)

 Lebanon...................................................... 105,910 86,369 52,674 22,396 22,217

 Palestine 

5

 ................................................. (NA) 21,070 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Saudi Arabia............................................... 21,083 12,632 17,317 (NA) (NA)

 Soviet Union (former, part)......................... 90,013 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Armenia.................................................. 65,280 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Azerbaijan............................................... 14,205 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Georgia................................................... 10,528 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Syria.......................................................... 54,561 36,782 22,081 14,962 16,717

 Turkey....................................................... 78,378 55,087 51,915 48,085 52,228

 United Arab Emirates................................. 6,744 1,656 534 (NA) (NA)

 Yemen....................................................... 19,210 4,933 3,093 (NA) (NA)

 Middle East n.e.c........................................ 

Asia n.e.c. 

5

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(NA) 

38,652 

(NA) 

6,434 

(NA) 

8,679 

52,752 

77,732 

23,811

19,371

 Africa.................................................................. 881,300 363,819 199,723 80,143 35,355

 Eastern Africa................................................. 213,299 72,300 26,036 (NA) (NA)

 Eritrea....................................................... 17,518 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Ethiopia....................................................... 69,531 34,805 7,516 (NA) (NA)

 Kenya....................................................... 40,682 14,371 6,250 (NA) (NA)

 Somalia....................................................... 35,760 2,437 691 (NA) (NA)

 Tanzania..................................................... 11,389 6,282 3,246 (NA) (NA)

 Uganda....................................................... 11,741 6,684 3,804 (NA) (NA)

 Zambia....................................................... 5,987 2,954 1,346 (NA) (NA)

 Zimbabwe................................................... 10,686 4,767 3,183 (NA) (NA)

 Middle Africa................................................... 26,900 8,800 3,719 (NA) (NA)

 Angola....................................................... 4,365 2,252 1,094 (NA) (NA)

 Cameroon................................................... 11,765 3,161 1,214 (NA) (NA)

 Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)....... 4,989 3,387 1,411 (NA) (NA)

 Northern Africa................................................ 190,491 99,044 69,777 32,396 15,903

 Algeria....................................................... 10,882 4,629 3,853 (NA) (NA)

 Egypt.......................................................... 113,396 66,313 43,424 20,666 8,316 
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 Libya.......................................................... 5,364 4,037 6,427 (NA) (NA)

 Morocco....................................................... 34,682 15,541 9,896 (NA) (NA)

 Sudan....................................................... 19,790 4,423 2,711 (NA) (NA)

 Tunisia....................................................... 6,330 4,101 3,466 (NA) (NA)

 Northern Africa n.e.c................................... (NA) (NA) (NA) 11,730 7,587

 Southern Africa............................................... 66,496 34,707 16,103 (NA) (NA)

 South Africa................................................ 63,558 34,707 16,103 7,667 5,394

 Western Africa................................................ 

Cape Verde 

6

 ............................................. 

326,507 

26,606 

111,566 

14,368 

50,002 

10,457 

(NA) 

18,680 

(NA)

8,302

 Gambia....................................................... 5,765 1,485 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Ghana....................................................... 65,572 20,889 7,564 (NA) (NA)

 Guinea....................................................... 5,062 1,032 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire).......................... 7,173 1,388 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Liberia....................................................... 39,029 11,455 3,728 (NA) (NA)

 Nigeria....................................................... 134,940 55,350 25,528 (NA) (NA)

 Senegal...................................................... 10,534 2,287 762 (NA) (NA)

 Sierra Leone............................................... 20,831 7,217 1,963 (NA) (NA)

 Africa n.e.c...................................................... 57,607 37,402 34,086 21,400 5,756

 Oceania.............................................................. 168,046 104,145 77,577 41,258 34,730

 Australia and New Zealand............................ 83,837 57,682 47,533 32,388 28,035

 Australia.................................................. 60,965 42,267 36,120 24,271 22,209

 New Zealand.......................................... 22,872 15,415 11,413 8,117 5,826

 Pacific Islands................................................. 84,209 46,463 30,044 8,870 6,695

 Melanesia................................................... 32,305 16,759 8,241 (NA) (NA)

 Fiji........................................................... 30,890 15,935 7,538 (NA) (NA)

 Micronesia.................................................. 16,469 6,143 1,399 (NA) (NA)

 Marshall Islands...................................... 

Micronesia 

7

 ........................................... 

6,318 

7,088 

1,086 

2,741 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA)

(NA)

 Polynesia.................................................... 35,194 23,471 19,578 (NA) (NA)

 Samoa (Western Samoa)....................... 16,438 11,408 12,582 (NA) (NA)

 Tonga..................................................... 17,269 10,668 5,619 (NA) (NA)

 Oceania n.e.c............................................. 241 90 826 (NA) (NA)

 Latin America...................................................... 16,086,974 8,407,837 4,372,487 1,803,970 908,309

 Caribbean....................................................... 2,953,066 1,938,348 1,258,363 675,108 193,922

 Antigua & Barbuda..................................... 18,324 12,022 3,920 (NA) (NA)

 Aruba....................................................... 3,814 3,363 2,597 (NA) (NA)

 Bahamas.................................................... 28,076 21,633 13,993 (NA) (NA)

 Barbados.................................................... 52,172 43,015 26,847 (NA) (NA)

 Cuba.......................................................... 872,716 736,971 607,814 439,048 79,150

 Dominica..................................................... 15,639 19,529 3,296 (NA) (NA)

 Dominican Republic.................................... 687,677 347,858 169,147 61,228 11,883

 Grenada...................................................... 29,272 17,730 7,101 (NA) (NA)

 Haiti........................................................... 419,317 225,393 92,395 28,026 4,816

 Jamaica...................................................... 553,827 334,140 196,811 68,576 24,759

 Montserrat.................................................. 3,905 3,493 1,212 (NA) (NA)

 Netherlands Antilles.................................... 3,428 3,426 5,123 (NA) (NA)

 St. Kitts-Nevis............................................. 11,054 7,447 1,903 (NA) (NA)

 St. Lucia...................................................... 13,524 6,959 1,901 (NA) (NA)

 St. Vincent & the Grenadines..................... 19,984 12,824 4,044 (NA) (NA)

 Trinidad & Tobago...................................... 197,398 115,710 65,907 20,673 (NA)

 Other Caribbean......................................... 22,939 26,835 54,352 57,557 73,314

 West Indies n.e.c.................................... 13,546 18,509 (NA) 57,557 73,314

 Other....................................................... 9,393 8,326 54,352 (NA) (NA)

 Central America.............................................. 11,203,637 5,431,992 2,553,113 873,624 624,851

 Mexico....................................................... 9,177,487 4,298,014 2,199,221 759,711 575,902

 Other Central America................................ 2,026,150 1,133,978 353,892 113,913 48,949

 Belize...................................................... 40,151 29,957 14,436 8,860 2,780

 Costa Rica.............................................. 71,870 43,530 29,639 16,691 5,425

 El Salvador............................................. 817,336 465,433 94,447 15,717 6,310

 Guatemala.............................................. 480,665 225,739 63,073 17,356 5,381

 Honduras................................................ 282,852 108,923 39,154 19,118 6,503

 Nicaragua............................................... 220,335 168,659 44,166 16,125 9,474

 Panama.................................................. 105,177 85,737 60,740 20,046 13,076

 Central America n.e.c............................. 7,764 6,000 8,237 (NA) (NA)

 South America................................................ 1,930,271 1,037,497 561,011 255,238 89,536

 Argentina.................................................... 125,218 92,563 68,887 44,803 16,579

 Bolivia........................................................ 53,278 31,303 14,468 6,872 2,168

 Brazil........................................................ 212,428 82,489 40,919 27,069 13,988 
... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

. 

.. 

.. 

... 

... 

Footnotes:

 Chile......................................................... 80,804 55,681 35,127 15,393 6,259

 Colombia.................................................... 509,872 286,124 143,508 63,538 12,582

 Ecuador....................................................... 298,626 143,314 86,128 36,663 7,670

 Guyana....................................................... 211,189 120,698 48,608 (NA) (NA)

 Paraguay.................................................... 11,980 6,057 2,858 (NA) 595

 Peru............................................................. 278,186 144,199 55,496 21,663 7,102

 Suriname.................................................... 5,579 2,860 1,433 (NA) (NA)

 Uruguay....................................................... 25,038 20,766 13,278 5,092 1,170

 Venezuela................................................... 107,031 42,119 33,281 11,348 6,851

 South America n.e.c................................... 11,042 9,324 17,020 22,797 14,572

 Northern America................................................ 829,442 753,917 853,427 812,421 952,500

 Canada........................................................... 820,771 744,830 842,859 812,421 952,500

 Other Northern America.................................. 8,671 9,087 10,568 (NA) (NA)

 Bermuda..................................................... 8,379 7,972 8,844 (NA) (NA)

 Northern America n.e.c............................... 292 1,115 1,724 (NA) (NA) 

Region or country not reported 1

 ........................... 316 808,158 887,343 315,721 59,890

 * Indicates sample data. (NA) Not available. n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified. 

1

 In 2000, for the first time, includes imputed data on country of birth if country of birth was not reported. Born at sea included with not reported. 

2

 In 2000, data for Portugal (total) include Madeira Islands. 

3

 Data for the former Soviet Union include the part in Asia, as shown in this table under Asia. 

4

 In 1960 and 1970, data for China include Taiwan. In source for 2000 census data, a total is shown also for China including Hong Kong and 

Taiwan (1,518,652). 5

 In 2000, data for Palestine (shown separately in 1990) included in Asia n.e.c. 

6

 In 1960 and 1970, data shown for Cape Verde are for Other Atlantic Islands. 

7

 Includes Federated States of Micronesia. 

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Table 4. World Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population, With Geographic Detail Shown in Decennial Census Publications of 1930 or Earlier: 1850 to 1930 and 1960 to 2000 (See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Line 

number Region and country or area 2000* 1990* 1980* 1970* 1960* 1930 1920 1910 1900 1890 1880 1

1 Total.......................................... 31,107,889 19,767,316 14,079,906 9,619,302 9,738,091 14,204,149 13,920,692 13,515,886 10,341,276 9,249,547 6,679,943 5,567

2 Reported by region and/or country 1 ...... 31,107,573 18,959,158 13,192,563 9,303,570 9,678,201 14,197,553 13,911,767 13,506,272 10,330,534 9,243,535 6,675,875 5,563

3 Europe....................................... ... 4,915,557 4,350,403 5,149,572 5,740,891 7,256,311 11,784,010 11,916,048 11,810,115 8,881,548 8,030,347 5,751,823 4,941

4

 Northern and Western Europe......

... 

Northern Europe.....................

... 

2,070,466 

974,619 

2,058,853 

968,271 

2,384,257 1,083,499 

2,629,200 1,271,591 

3,334,971 1,694,430 

5,850,256 3,415,551 

6,241,916 3,501,149 

7,306,325 3,953,947 

7,204,649 3,917,815 

7,288,917 4,056,160 

5,499,889 3,212,431 

4,8452,867

6

 British Isles........................

... 834,225 809,972 866,966 937,474 1,171,777 2,147,733 2,172,723 2,573,534 2,783,082 3,122,911 2,772,169 2,626

7

 United Kingdom...............

... 677,751 640,145 669,149 686,099 833,055 1,402,923 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 

8

 Great Britain.................. 

664,574 623,614 649,318 645,262 764,893 1,224,091 1,135,489 1,221,283 1,167,623 1,251,402 917,598 770

9

 England..................... Scotland..................

... 

423,609 

88,445 

405,588 104,168 

442,499 142,001 

458,114 170,134 

528,205 213,219 

809,563 354,323 

813,853 254,570 

877,719 261,076 

840,513 233,524 

908,141 242,231 

662,676 170,136 

550140

11

 Wales.....................

... 10,948 10,638 13,528 17,014 23,469 60,205 67,066 82,488 93,586 100,079 83,302 74

12

 Great Britain n.e.c.......

... 141,572 103,220 51,290 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 951 1,484 4

13

 Northern Ireland............

... 13,177 16,531 19,831 40,837 68,162 178,832 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 

14

 Ireland...........................

... 

Scandinavia........................

... 

156,474 140,394 

169,827 158,299 

197,817 216,533 

251,375 334,117 

338,722 522,653 

744,810 

1,267,818 

1,037,234 1,328,426 

1,352,251 1,380,413 

1,615,459 1,134,733 

1,871,509 

933,249 

1,854,571 

440,262 

1,855

241

16

 Denmark........................

... 31,422 34,999 42,732 61,410 85,060 179,474 189,154 181,649 153,690 132,543 64,196 30

17

 Finland...........................

... 21,408 22,313 29,172 45,499 67,624 142,478 149,824 129,680 62,641 (NA) (NA) 

18

 Iceland...........................

... 5,553 5,071 4,156 2,895 2,780 2,764 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

19

 Norway...........................

... 

Sweden...........................

... 

32,207 49,724 

42,240 53,676 

63,316 77,157 

97,243 

127,070 

152,698 214,491 

347,852 595,250 

363,863 625,585 

403,877 665,207 

336,388 582,014 

322,665 478,041 

181,729 194,337 

114

97

21

 Other Scandinavia............

... 80 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

22

 Western Europe.....................

... 1,095,847 1,090,582 1,300,758 1,357,609 1,640,541 2,434,705 2,740,767 3,352,378 3,286,834 3,232,757 2,287,458 1,977

23

 Low countries.....................

... 130,615 132,617 142,748 155,513 173,069 206,375 207,038 172,534 127,719 107,349 86,461 65

24

 Belgium...........................

... 

Luxembourg.....................

... 

33,895 

2,150 

34,366 

2,053 

36,487 

3,125 

41,412 

3,531 

50,294 

4,360 

64,194 

9,048 

62,687 

12,585 

49,400 

3,071 

29,757 

3,031 

22,639 

2,882 

15,535 

12,836 

12

5

26

 Netherlands.....................

... 94,570 96,198 103,136 110,570 118,415 133,133 131,766 120,063 94,931 81,828 58,090 46

27

 Austria..............................

... 63,648 87,673 145,607 214,014 304,507 370,914 575,627 626,341 275,907 123,271 38,663 30

28

 France..............................

... 151,154 119,233 120,215 105,385 111,582 135,592 153,072 117,418 104,197 113,174 106,971 116

29

 Germany...........................

... 

Switzerland........................

... 

706,704 

43,106 

711,929 

39,130 

849,384 

42,804 

832,965 

49,732 

989,815 

61,568 

1,608,814 

113,010 

1,686,108 

118,659 

2,311,237 

124,848 

2,663,418 

115,593 

2,784,894 

104,069 

1,966,742 

88,621 

1,690

75

31

 Other Western Europe............ 

620 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 263 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

32

 Southern and Eastern Europe......

... 2,840,721 2,285,513 2,748,547 3,090,991 3,907,020 5,918,982 5,670,927 4,500,932 1,674,648 728,851 248,620 93

33

 Southern Europe.....................

... 934,665 1,054,141 1,336,805 1,363,195 1,541,441 2,133,092 1,939,600 1,544,149 539,968 216,387 66,249 30

34

 Greece..............................

... 

Italy.................................... 

165,750 473,338 

177,398 580,592 

210,998 831,922 

177,275 

1,008,533 

159,167 

1,256,999 

174,526 

1,790,429 

175,976 

1,610,113 

101,282 

1,343,125 

8,515 

484,027 

1,887 

182,580 

776 

44,230 

17

36

 Portugal (total) 

2

 ..................... 203,119 210,122 209,968 119,899 80,276 108,775 103,976 77,634 40,376 25,735 15,650 8

37

 Azores...........................

... 26,599 29,656 32,531 28,865 22,586 35,611 33,995 18,274 9,768 9,739 7,512 4

38

 Portugal........................... 

175,571 180,466 177,437 91,034 57,690 73,164 69,981 59,360 30,608 15,996 8,138 4

39

 Spain.................................

... 

Other Southern Europe.........

... 

82,858 

9,600 

76,415 

9,614 

73,735 10,182 

57,488 

(NA) 

44,999 

(NA) 

59,362 

(NA) 

49,535 

(NA) 

22,108 

(NA) 

7,050 

(NA) 

6,185 

(NA) 

5,121 

472 

3

41

 Eastern Europe.....................

... 1,906,056 1,231,372 1,411,742 1,727,796 2,365,579 3,785,890 3,731,327 2,956,783 1,134,680 512,464 182,371 63

42

 Albania..............................

... 38,663 5,627 7,381 9,180 9,618 8,814 5,608 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

43

 Bulgaria..............................

... 35,090 8,579 8,463 8,609 8,223 9,399 10,477 11,498 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

44

 Czechoslovakia..................... Estonia..............................

... 

83,081 

9,785 

87,020 

9,210 

112,707 

12,169 

160,899 

12,163 

227,618 

13,991 

491,638 

3,550 

362,438 

(NA) 

219,214 

(NA) 

156,891 

(NA) 

118,106 

(NA) 

85,361 

(NA) 

40

46

 Hungary..............................

... 92,017 110,337 144,368 183,236 245,252 274,450 397,283 495,609 145,714 62,435 11,526 3

47

 Latvia.................................

... 27,232 26,179 34,349 41,707 50,681 20,673 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

48

 Lithuania...........................

... 28,490 29,745 48,194 76,001 121,475 193,606 135,068 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

49

 Poland..............................

... 

Romania.............................. 

466,742 135,966 

388,328 

91,106 

418,128 

66,994 

548,107 

70,687 

747,750 

84,575 

1,268,583 

146,393 

1,139,979 

102,823 

937,884 

65,923 

383,407 

15,032 

147,440 

(NA) 

48,557 

(NA) 

14

51

 Soviet Union (former) 

3

 ............ 838,809 333,725 406,022 463,462 690,598 1,153,628 1,400,495 1,184,412 423,726 182,644 35,722 4

52

 In Europe........................

... 710,676 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

53

 Turkey in Europe..................

... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,257 5,284 32,230 9,910 1,839 1,205 

54

 Yugoslavia........................... Other Eastern Europe............

... 

278,314 

(NA) 

141,516 

(NA) 

152,967 

(NA) 

153,745 

(NA) 

165,798 

(NA) 

211,416 

1,483 

169,439 

2,433 

(NA) 

10,013 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

56

 Europe n.e.c............................... 4,370 6,037 16,768 20,700 14,320 14,772 3,205 2,858 2,251 12,579 3,314 1

57 Asia............................................. 8,226,254 4,979,037 2,539,777 824,887 490,996 275,665 237,950 191,484 120,248 113,383 107,630 64

58 .. Armenia....................................... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 32,166 36,628 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

59

 China 

4

 ....................................... 

India.......................................

... 

988,857 

1,022,552 

529,837 450,406 

286,120 206,087 

172,132 

51,000 

99,735 12,296 

46,129 

5,850 

43,560 

4,901 

56,756 

4,664 

81,534 

2,031 

106,688 

2,143 

104,468 

1,707 

63

61

 Japan.......................................

... 347,539 290,128 221,794 120,235 109,175 70,993 81,502 67,744 24,788 2,292 401 

62

 Palestine 

5

 ................................. (NA) 21,070 (NA) (NA) (NA) 6,137 3,203 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

63

 Syria.......................................

... 54,561 36,782 22,081 14,962 16,717 57,227 51,901 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

64

 Turkey in Asia...........................

... 

Other Asia.................................

... 

78,378 

5,734,367 

55,087 

3,595,727 

51,915 

1,751,780 

48,085 

418,473 

52,228 

200,845 

46,654 

10,509 

11,019 

5,236 

59,729 

2,591 

(NA) 

11,895 

(NA) 

2,260 

(NA) 

1,054 

66 Africa.......................................... ... 881,300 363,819 199,723 80,143 35,355 18,326 16,126 3,992 2,538 2,207 2,204 2

67

 Africa excl. Atlantic Islands............ 

854,694 349,451 189,266 61,463 27,053 8,859 5,781 3,992 2,538 2,207 2,204 2

68

 Atlantic Islands...........................

... 26,606 14,368 10,457 18,680 8,302 9,467 10,345 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

69 Oceania....................................... ... 168,046 104,145 77,577 41,258 34,730 17,343 14,626 11,450 8,820 9,353 6,859 4
.. 

.. .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... .. . .. ... ... ... .. . . 

Footnotes:

70

 Australia.................................... 

60,965 42,267 36,120 24,271 22,209 12,816 10,914 9,035 6,807 5,984 4,906 3

71

 Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)............

... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,304 1,147 

72

 Other Oceania...........................

... 107,081 61,878 41,457 16,987 12,521 4,527 3,712 2,415 2,013 2,065 806 

73 Latin America................................. 16,086,974 8,407,837 4,372,487 1,803,970 908,309 791,840 588,843 279,514 137,458 107,307 90,073 57

74

 Caribbean.................................

... 2,953,066 1,938,348 1,258,363 675,108 193,922 106,241 78,962 47,635 25,435 23,256 16,401 11

75

 Cuba....................................

... 872,716 736,971 607,814 439,048 79,150 18,493 14,872 15,133 11,081 (NA) 6,917 5

76

 Other Caribbean.....................

... 2,080,350 1,201,377 650,549 236,060 114,772 87,748 64,090 32,502 14,354 (NA) 9,484 6

77

 Central America........................

... 11,203,637 5,431,992 2,553,113 873,624 624,851 651,976 491,330 223,651 107,290 79,045 69,106 42

78

 Mexico.................................

... 9,177,487 4,298,014 2,199,221 759,711 575,902 641,462 486,418 221,915 103,393 77,853 68,399 42

79

 Other Central America............

... 2,026,150 1,133,978 353,892 113,913 48,949 10,514 4,912 1,736 3,897 1,192 707 

80

 South America...........................

... 1,930,271 1,037,497 561,011 255,238 89,536 33,623 18,551 8,228 4,733 5,006 4,566 3

81 Northern America........................... ... 829,442 753,917 853,427 812,421 952,500 1,310,369 1,138,174 1,209,717 1,179,922 980,938 717,286 493

82

 Canada....................................

... 820,771 744,830 842,859 812,421 952,500 1,310,369 1,138,174 1,209,717 1,179,922 980,938 717,157 493

83

 Canada-French.....................

... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 370,852 307,786 385,083 395,126 302,496 (NA) 

84

 Canada-Other........................

... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 915,537 817,139 819,554 784,796 678,442 (NA) 

85

 Newfoundland........................

... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 23,980 13,249 5,080 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

86

 Other Northern America...............

... 8,671 9,087 10,568 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 129 

87 Region or country not reported 1 ............ 316 808,158 887,343 315,732 59,890 6,596 8,925 9,614 10,742 6,012 4,068 3

88 Born at sea.................................... 316 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 5,008 5,336 6,927 8,196 5,533 4,068 2

89 Not reported................................. ... (X) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,588 3,589 2,687 2,546 479 - 

* Indicates sample data.(X) Not applicable.(NA) Not available.n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.

 1 In 2000, for the first time, includes imputed data on country of birth if country of birth was not reported. Born at sea included with not reported.

2 In 2000, data for Portugal (total) include Madeira Islands.3 Data for the former Soviet Union include the part in Asia.4 Prior to 1980, Taiwan included with China. See Table 3.5 In 2000, data for Palestine (shown separately in 1990) included in Asia n.e.c.

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Table 5. Language Spoken at Home for the Foreign-Born Population 5 Years and Over:

 1980 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Language 2000* 1990* 1980*

 Total..................................................................... 30,709,064 19,506,238 13,859,059 

English only................................................................... 5,212,041 4,075,804 4,129,722 

Non-English languages................................................. 25,497,023 15,430,434 9,729,337

 Language data available.......................................... 25,496,726 15,428,619 9,639,071

 Indo-European languages.................................... 18,926,524 11,196,120 7,502,923

 English-based pidgin creoles............................. 16,632 13,111 4,398

 Jamaican Creole............................................ 11,997 12,124 3,237

 Germanic languages......................................... 642,729 690,339 878,236

 German.......................................................... 504,343 529,678 627,998

 Yiddish........................................................... 39,191 72,779 157,252

 Dutch............................................................. 83,545 82,558 87,767

 Afrikaans........................................................ 14,819 4,754 2,586

 Scandinavian languages................................... 79,720 80,700 103,615

 Swedish......................................................... 35,146 33,224 42,580

 Danish........................................................... 20,400 20,334 23,113

 Norwegian..................................................... 20,581 23,726 34,903

 Romance languages............................................. 15,041,799 8,713,899 5,235,425

 Italian............................................................. 394,252 493,439 705,407

 French (including creoles)............................. 821,132 534,192 376,060

 French (excluding creoles)........................ 472,276 387,915 359,870

 Patois......................................................... 16,055 5,778 1,477

 French Creole (Haitian)............................. 332,696 140,433 14,519

 Spanish (including creoles)........................... 13,340,264 7,350,512 3,896,505

 Spanish (excluding creoles)...................... 13,340,125 7,346,270 3,896,060

 Portuguese (including creoles)..................... 390,232 281,635 232,794

 Portuguese (excluding creoles)................. 389,646 281,034 232,467

 Romanian...................................................... 94,671 53,493 24,058

 Celtic languages................................................ 15,506 17,747 14,260

 Irish Gaelic..................................................... 13,148 15,233 11,661

 Greek................................................................. 164,140 181,965 215,700

 Albanian............................................................. 62,090 13,608 9,671

 Slavic languages............................................... 1,377,095 663,450 626,668

 Russian.......................................................... 619,113 186,514 127,605

 Ukranian........................................................ 93,138 50,725 70,117

 Czech............................................................ 31,051 27,739 35,147

 Polish............................................................. 388,369 286,896 260,341

 Slovak............................................................ 15,301 16,459 24,159

 Bulgarian....................................................... 26,657 4,554 4,363

 Macedonian................................................... 13,166 4,524 3,595

 Serbo-Croatian.............................................. 183,792 80,222 91,811

 Baltic languages................................................ 33,864 39,903 57,689

 Lithuanian...................................................... 19,683 20,758 32,535

 Lettish............................................................ 14,181 19,145 25,154

 Armenian........................................................... 156,555 115,017 69,995

 Iranian languages.............................................. 270,726 186,913 97,590

 Persian.......................................................... 254,466 178,354 94,395

 Indic languages................................................. 1,065,668 479,468 189,676

 Hindi (including Urdu).................................... 497,544 287,067 115,774

 Hindi.......................................................... 278,040 (NA) (NA)

 Urdu........................................................... 219,504 (NA) (NA)

 Bengali........................................................... 114,214 33,814 11,516

 Panjabi........................................................... 118,498 43,184 16,820

 Marathi........................................................... 30,934 12,580 5,426

 Gujarati.......................................................... 191,570 87,539 32,065

 Sinhalese....................................................... 12,974 7,019 3,057

 Asian and Pacific Island languages...................... 5,511,790 3,637,263 1,718,934

 Turkic languages............................................... 62,116 32,564 22,651 
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Footnotes:

 Turkish........................................................... 59,220 32,024 21,827

 Dravidian languages.......................................... 250,123 82,990 34,458

 Telugu............................................................ 80,433 19,052 8,572

 Kannada........................................................ 22,096 7,602 4,525

 Malayalam..................................................... 68,657 31,143 10,345

 Tamil.............................................................. 77,764 24,575 9,691

 Chinese............................................................. 1,627,588 1,088,296 494,855

 Thai (including Laotian)..................................... 204,249 173,226 73,542

 Thai................................................................ 92,381 (NA) (NA)

 Laotian........................................................... 111,868 (NA) (NA)

 Burmese............................................................ 18,386 8,643 3,791

 Miao-yao, Mien.................................................. 11,201 8,144 722

 Miao (Hmong).................................................... 103,185 62,699 14,638

 Japanese........................................................... 285,771 245,294 171,715

 Korean............................................................... 716,492 530,860 237,516

 Mon-Khmer (Cambodian).................................. 131,178 113,910 15,089

 Vietnamese........................................................ 830,428 434,731 182,890

 Indonesian languages....................................... 51,578 33,009 12,498

 Indonesian..................................................... 41,548 22,102 9,457

 Malay............................................................. 9,071 10,245 2,662

 Philippine languages......................................... 1,164,424 793,365 428,470

 Tagalog.......................................................... 1,074,351 746,443 402,968

 Biscayan........................................................ 13,406 6,349 2,153

 Ilocano........................................................... 63,532 35,098 21,233

 Micronesian languages...................................... 11,019 3,057 2,384

 Polynesian languages....................................... 30,266 21,430 18,876

 Samoan......................................................... 15,122 11,309 12,234

 Tongan.......................................................... 14,061 8,878 3,920

 Melanesian languages....................................... 3,229 2,002 1,222

 Asian and Pacific Island languages n.e.c.......... 10,557 3,043 3,617

 Other languages................................................... 1,058,412 595,236 417,214

 Uralic languages................................................ 97,195 108,289 135,318

 Finnish.......................................................... 14,725 14,324 19,437

 Hungarian...................................................... 76,859 87,024 105,298

 Caucasian.......................................................... 3,835 710 521

 Basque.............................................................. 1,239 1,327 1,783

 Semitic languages............................................. 641,031 382,997 230,184

 Arabic............................................................ 432,295 251,409 164,953

 Hebrew.......................................................... 87,535 74,985 49,044

 Syriac............................................................. 46,932 27,494 5,844

 Amharic......................................................... 74,269 29,109 10,343

 Afro-Asiatic languages....................................... 42,048 4,373 2,257

 Cushite.......................................................... 38,977 3,037 798

 Nilo-Saharan languages.................................... 5,485 630 478

 Niger-Congo languages..................................... 229,670 80,676 33,886

 Swahili........................................................... 27,206 7,544 3,881

 Bantu............................................................. 21,125 8,019 4,455

 Mande............................................................ 10,692 2,821 1,057

 Fulani............................................................. 10,956 2,045 450

 Kru, Ibo, Yoruba............................................ 154,620 58,172 22,454

 African languages n.e.c..................................... 10,390 5,608 3,323

 Native American languages............................... 27,519 10,626 9,464

 Language data not available 1

 ................................. 297 1,815 90,266 

* Indicates sample data.
 

n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.
 1

 For 1980, includes 11,136 cases of "Indian" with no other information provided to classify the language as Indic or Native 

American.
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Footnotes:

Table 6. Mother Tongue of the Foreign-Born Population: 1910 to 1940, 1960, and 1970 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Language 

All Races White 

1970* 1960* 1970* 1960* 1940* 1930 1920 1910

 Total................................................ 

Mother tongue data available........................... 

Indo-European languages........................... 

English and Celtic 1 ................................. 

English................................................. 

Celtic 1

 ................................................. 

Germanic languages................................ 

German................................................ 

Yiddish 2

 .............................................. 

Dutch................................................... 

... Flemish................................................ 

Scandinavian languages.......................... 

Swedish............................................... 

Danish.................................................. 

Norwegian............................................ 

Romance languages................................ 

Italian................................................... 

French.................................................. 

Spanish 3

 ............................................. 

Portuguese.......................................... 

Romanian............................................ 

Greek....................................................... 

Albanian................................................... 

Slavic languages...................................... 

Russian 4 ............................................. 

Ukranian.............................................. 

Czech................................................... 

Polish................................................... 

Slovak.................................................. 

Bulgarian.............................................. 

Serbo-Croatian 5 ................................. 

Slovene................................................ 

Baltic languages....................................... 

Lithuanian............................................ 

Lettish.................................................. 

Armenian.................................................. 

Iranian languages.................................... 

Persian................................................. 

Indic languages........................................ 

Hindi..................................................... 

Indo-European languages n.e.c.6 ........... 

Asian and Pacific Island languages............ 

Turkish languages.................................... 

Turkish................................................. 

Dravidian languages................................ 

Chinese.................................................... 

Thai (Laotian)........................................... 

Japanese................................................. 

Korean..................................................... 

Indonesian languages.............................. 

Philippine languages................................ 

Tagalog................................................ 

Polynesian languages.............................. 

Asian and Pacific Island languages

 n.e.c. ......................................... 

Other languages......................................... 

Uralic languages...................................... 

Finnish................................................. 

Hungarian............................................ 

Caucasian................................................ 

Basque..................................................... 

Semitic languages.................................... 

Arabic................................................... 

Hebrew 2

 ............................................. 

African languages.................................... 

Native American languages..................... 

Mother tongue n.e.c..................................... 

Mother tongue data not available..................... 

9,619,302 

9,523,155 

8,452,466 

1,743,284 

1,697,825 

45,459 

1,788,286 

1,201,535 

438,116 

127,834 

20,801 

283,991 

131,408 

58,218 

94,365 

3,301,184 

1,025,994 

410,580 

1,696,240 

140,299 

26,055 

193,745 

7,528 

921,330 

149,277 

96,635 

70,703 

419,912 

82,561 

(NA) 

83,064 

19,178 

95,188 

95,188 

(NA) 

38,323 

17,329 

15,986 

22,173 

22,017 

40,105 

556,445 

16,646 

16,646 

7,535 

190,260 

11,695 

118,090 

34,748 

6,915 

152,498 

152,498 

4,956 

13,102 

325,074 

199,543 

38,290 

161,253 

421 

2,169 

110,527 

73,657 

36,112 

6,605 

5,809 

189,170 

96,147 

9,738,155 

9,360,179 

8,685,423 

1,979,949 

1,937,184 

42,765 

1,996,740 

1,332,399 

503,605 

130,482 

30,254 

466,515 

225,607 

85,421 

152,687 

2,551,982 

1,277,585 

330,220 

813,429 

91,592 

38,019 

180,781 

7,297 

1,301,520 

276,834 

106,974 

91,711 

581,936 

125,000 

(NA) 

86,957 

32,108 

99,043 

99,043 

(NA) 

37,270 

7,503 

6,936 

3,561 

3,493 

53,262 

306,624 

14,063 

14,063 

1,030 

89,609 

1,666 

95,027 

8,550 

7,273 

73,500 

73,500 

1,372 

14,534 

360,019 

266,286 

53,168 

213,118 

192 

1,580 

88,516 

49,908 

38,346 

982 

2,463 

8,113 

377,976 

8,733,770 

8,651,756 

7,991,298 

1,577,719 

1,532,260 

45,459 

1,757,567 

1,197,205 

437,083 

123,279 

(NA) 

283,260 

131,087 

58,007 

94,166 

3,166,837 

1,023,217 

377,752 

1,602,322 

137,618 

25,928 

192,415 

(NA) 

918,652 

148,644 

96,294 

70,564 

419,006 

82,429 

(NA) 

82,652 

19,063 

94,848 

94,848 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

8,988 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

4,734 

(NA) 

4,254 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

273,500 

198,749 

38,069 

160,680 

(NA) 

(NA) 

72,024 

72,024 

(NA) 

(NA) 

2,727 

377,970 

82,014 

9,294,045 

8,962,711 

8,415,894 

1,889,228 

(NA) 

(NA) 

1,961,835 

1,329,660 

503,062 

129,113 

(NA) 

463,361 

225,421 

85,338 

152,602 

2,521,725 

1,276,338 

325,588 

793,134 

88,680 

37,985 

180,458 

(NA) 

1,300,342 

276,362 

106,864 

91,633 

581,591 

124,943 

(NA) 

86,860 

32,089 

98,945 

98,945 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

9,107 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

3,892 

(NA) 

5,215 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

314,745 

265,963 

53,094 

212,869 

(NA) 

(NA) 

48,782 

48,782 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

222,965 

331,334 

11,109,620 

10,861,120 

10,408,000 

2,506,420 

(NA) 

(NA) 

2,648,080 

1,589,040 

924,440 

102,700 

31,900 

778,200 

423,200 

122,180 

232,820 

2,475,880 

1,561,100 

359,520 

428,360 

83,780 

43,120 

165,220 

(NA) 

1,671,540 

356,940 

35,540 

159,640 

801,680 

171,580 

(NA) 

70,600 

75,560 

122,660 

122,660 

(NA) 

40,000 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

389,240 

338,300 

97,080 

241,220 

(NA) 

(NA) 

50,940 

50,940 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

63,880 

248,500 

13,983,405 

13,941,172 

13,481,337 

3,097,021 

(NA) 

(NA) 

3,586,069 

2,188,006 

1,222,658 

133,142 

42,263 

1,142,645 

615,465 

178,944 

345,522 

3,242,033 

1,808,289 

523,297 

743,286 

110,197 

56,964 

189,066 

7,586 

1,992,533 

315,721 

68,485 

201,138 

965,899 

240,196 

12,128 

109,923 

77,671 

172,643 

165,053 

7,590 

51,741 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

10,457 

10,457 

10,457 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

446,026 

378,196 

124,994 

250,393 

(NA) 

(NA) 

67,830 

67,830 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

3,352 

42,233 

13,712,754 

13,705,588 

13,216,190 

3,007,932 

(NA) 

(NA) 

3,541,184 

2,267,128 

1,091,820 

136,540 

45,696 

1,194,933 

643,203 

187,162 

362,199 

2,816,296 

1,624,998 

466,956 

556,111 

105,895 

62,336 

174,658 

5,515 

2,255,798 

392,049 

55,672 

234,564 

1,077,392 

274,948 

12,853 

125,844 

80,437 

182,227 

(NA) 

(NA) 

37,647 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

6,627 

6,627 

6,627 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

481,543 

423,986 

132,543 

290,419 

(NA) 

(NA) 

57,557 

57,557 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

1,228 

7,166 

13,345,545 

13,229,273

12,841,870

3,363,792

(NA)

(NA)

3,962,624

2,759,032

1,051,767

126,045 

25,780

1,272,150

683,218

183,844

402,587

2,267,009

1,365,110

528,842

258,131

72,649

42,277

118,379

2,312

1,690,703

57,926

25,131

228,738

943,781

166,474

18,341

105,669

123,631

140,963

(NA)

(NA)

23,938

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

4,709

4,709

4,709

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

382,048

349,180

119,948

229,094

(NA)

(NA)

32,868

32,868

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

646 

116,272 

* Indicates sample data. 

(NA) Not available. 

1

 For 1970, assumes that all individuals with Celtic mother tongue are White 2

 For 1910-1940, Hebrew included with Yiddish 3

 For White in 1960, the published estimate (794,714) includes Basque. The estimate here assumes that all individuals with Basque mother tongue (1,580) are White 4

 For 1920, probably includes a "considerable proportion" of individuals of Yiddish mother tongue erroneously reported as of Russian mother tongue. See sources in tex 5

 For White in 1960, the published estimate (87,997) includes Dalmatian. The estimate here assumes that all individuals with Dalmatian mother tongue (1,137) are White 6

 For 1970, includes 10,031 cases of Breton (which appears to be too high), and 10,208 cases of Other Balto-Slavonic languages. In 1960, the 535 cases of Breton were included with 

French. For 1960, includes 49,610 cases of Other Balto-Slavonic languages. 

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Table 7. Age and Sex of the Foreign-Born Population: 1870 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Subject 

2000* 1990* 1980* 

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 

AGE

 Total...................................... 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 

Under 5 years........................... 

5 to 9 years............................... 

10 to 14 years........................... 

15 to 19 years........................... 

20 to 24 years........................... 

25 to 29 years........................... 

30 to 34 years........................... 

35 to 39 years........................... 

40 to 44 years........................... 

45 to 49 years........................... 

50 to 54 years........................... 

55 to 59 years........................... 

60 to 64 years........................... 

65 to 69 years........................... 

70 to 74 years........................... 

75 to 79 years........................... 

80 to 84 years........................... 

85 years and over..................... 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

Median age (years)....................... 

BROAD AGE GROUPS

 Total...................................... 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 

Under 15 years......................... 

15 to 64 years........................... 

15 to 44 years....................... 

15 to 24 years................... 

25 to 44 years................... 

45 to 64 years....................... 

65 years and over..................... 

18 years and over 2

 .................. 

21 years and over 2

 .................. 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 

Age data available 1

 .................... 

Under 15 years......................... 

15 to 64 years........................... 

15 to 44 years....................... 

15 to 24 years................... 

25 to 44 years................... 

45 to 64 years....................... 

65 years and over..................... 

18 years and over 2

 .................. 

21 years and over 2

 .................. 

MALES PER 100 FEMALES

 Total...................................... 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 

Under 15 years......................... 

15 to 64 years........................... 

15 to 44 years....................... 

15 to 24 years................... 

25 to 44 years................... 

45 to 64 years....................... 

65 years and over..................... 

18 years and over 2

 .................. 

21 years and over 2

 .................. 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

31,107,889 

31,107,889 

398,825 

749,137 

1,141,145 

1,731,988 

2,720,704 

3,403,552 

3,587,974 

3,549,941 

3,123,440 

2,528,854 

2,056,672 

1,502,161 

1,281,999 

1,019,781 

869,747 

668,670 

369,687 

403,612 

-

37.6 

31,107,889 

31,107,889 

2,289,107 

25,487,285 

18,117,599 

4,452,692 

13,664,907 

7,369,686 

3,331,497 

27,901,599 

26,597,286 

-

100.0 

7.4 

81.9 

58.2 

14.3 

43.9 

23.7 

10.7 

89.7 

85.5 

99.0 

99.0 

104.6 

103.9 

110.2 

121.3 

106.9 

89.9 

65.6 

98.1 

96.9 

(X) 

15,478,793 

15,478,793 

200,735 

382,572 

587,182 

946,509 

1,494,537 

1,797,621 

1,868,985 

1,817,944 

1,574,371 

1,248,179 

985,160 

687,823 

567,865 

433,278 

349,346 

265,305 

140,560 

130,821 

-

36.3 

15,478,793 

15,478,793 

1,170,489 

12,988,994 

9,499,967 

2,441,046 

7,058,921 

3,489,027 

1,319,310 

13,818,539 

13,088,312 

-

100.0 

7.6 

83.9 

61.4 

15.8 

45.6 

22.5 

8.5 

89.3 

84.6 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

15,629,096 

15,629,096 

198,090 

366,565 

553,963 

785,479 

1,226,167 

1,605,931 

1,718,989 

1,731,997 

1,549,069 

1,280,675 

1,071,512 

814,338 

714,134 

586,503 

520,401 

403,365 

229,127 

272,791 

-

38.9 

15,629,096 

15,629,096 

1,118,618 

12,498,291 

8,617,632 

2,011,646 

6,605,986 

3,880,659 

2,012,187 

14,083,060 

13,508,974 

-

100.0 

7.2 

80.0 

55.1 

12.9 

42.3 

24.8 

12.9 

90.1 

86.4 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

19,767,316 

19,767,316 

261,078 

486,854 

736,234 

1,161,997 

1,797,420 

2,238,030 

2,283,636 

2,000,389 

1,752,918 

1,380,576 

1,171,783 

941,211 

859,592 

785,589 

522,610 

515,628 

420,902 

450,869 

-

37.3 

19,767,316 

19,767,316 

1,484,166 

15,587,552 

11,234,390 

2,959,417 

8,274,973 

4,353,162 

2,695,598 

17,674,856 

16,791,311 

-

100.0 

7.5 

78.9 

56.8 

15.0 

41.9 

22.0 

13.6 

89.4 

84.9 

95.8 

95.8 

106.0 

101.6 

109.6 

121.9 

105.6 

83.3 

64.1 

94.4 

93.1 

(X) 

9,670,861 

9,670,861 

134,079 

249,438 

380,340 

628,491 

997,074 

1,197,162 

1,189,686 

1,008,317 

854,453 

653,597 

540,321 

421,206 

363,634 

330,058 

218,183 

204,011 

155,326 

145,485 

-

35.3 

9,670,861 

9,670,861 

763,857 

7,853,941 

5,875,183 

1,625,565 

4,249,618 

1,978,758 

1,053,063 

8,584,582 

8,095,967 

-

100.0 

7.9 

81.2 

60.8 

16.8 

43.9 

20.5 

10.9 

88.8 

83.7 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

10,096,455 

10,096,455 

126,999 

237,416 

355,894 

533,506 

800,346 

1,040,868 

1,093,950 

992,072 

898,465 

726,979 

631,462 

520,005 

495,958 

455,531 

304,427 

311,617 

265,576 

305,384 

-

39.3 

10,096,455 

10,096,455 

720,309 

7,733,611 

5,359,207 

1,333,852 

4,025,355 

2,374,404 

1,642,535 

9,090,274 

8,695,344 

-

100.0 

7.1 

76.6 

53.1 

13.2 

39.9 

23.5 

16.3 

90.0 

86.1 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

14,079,906 

14,079,906 

220,847 

436,890 

587,394 

872,935 

1,198,394 

1,306,561 

1,331,858 

1,101,498 

996,737 

843,990 

819,282 

795,050 

588,116 

687,701 

720,154 

686,839 

478,722 

406,938 

-

39.9 

14,079,906 

14,079,906 

1,245,131 

9,854,421 

6,807,983 

2,071,329 

4,736,654 

3,046,438 

2,980,354 

12,360,336 

11,733,838 

-

100.0 

8.8 

70.0 

48.4 

14.7 

33.6 

21.6 

21.2 

87.8 

83.3 

87.8 

87.8 

104.7 

91.9 

97.6 

110.2 

92.5 

80.4 

69.7 

85.5 

84.2 

(X) 

6,581,094 

6,581,094 

111,303 

225,619 

299,821 

458,465 

627,268 

658,419 

643,054 

514,454 

460,209 

383,657 

355,372 

354,864 

264,191 

301,778 

309,328 

280,426 

181,612 

151,254 

-

37.6 

6,581,094 

6,581,094 

636,743 

4,719,953 

3,361,869 

1,085,733 

2,276,136 

1,358,084 

1,224,398 

5,698,044 

5,363,748 

-

100.0 

9.7 

71.7 

51.1 

16.5 

34.6 

20.6 

18.6 

86.6 

81.5 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

7,498,812 

7,498,812

109,544

211,271

287,573

414,470

571,126

648,142

688,804

587,044

536,528

460,333

463,910

440,186

323,925

385,923

410,826

406,413

297,110

255,684 

-

42.2 

7,498,812 

7,498,812

608,388

5,134,468

3,446,114

985,596

2,460,518

1,688,354

1,755,956

6,662,292

6,370,090 

-

100.0

8.1

68.5

46.0

13.1

32.8

22.5

23.4

88.8

84.9 

(X) 

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X) 

(X) 

Subject 

1970* 1960* 1950* 

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 

AGE

 Total...................................... 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 

9,619,302 

9,619,302 

4,403,687 

4,403,687 

5,215,615 

5,215,615 

9,738,091 

9,738,091 

4,760,432 

4,760,432 

4,977,659 

4,977,659 

10,347,395 

10,347,395 

5,258,255 

5,258,255 

5,089,140 

5,089,140 
. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

. 

. 

.. 

... 

... 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

... 

... 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

... 

... 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

 Under 5 years........................... 

5 to 9 years............................... 

10 to 14 years........................... 

15 to 19 years........................... 

20 to 24 years........................... 

25 to 29 years........................... 

30 to 34 years........................... 

35 to 39 years........................... 

40 to 44 years........................... 

45 to 49 years........................... 

50 to 54 years........................... 

55 to 59 years........................... 

60 to 64 years........................... 

65 to 69 years........................... 

70 to 74 years........................... 

75 to 79 years........................... 

80 to 84 years........................... 

85 years and over..................... 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

Median age (years)....................... 

BROAD AGE GROUPS

 Total...................................... 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 

Under 15 years......................... 

15 to 64 years........................... 

15 to 44 years....................... 

15 to 24 years................... 

25 to 44 years................... 

45 to 64 years....................... 

65 years and over..................... 

18 years and over 2

 .................. 

21 years and over 2

 .................. 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 

Age data available 1

 .................... 

Under 15 years......................... 

15 to 64 years........................... 

15 to 44 years....................... 

15 to 24 years................... 

25 to 44 years................... 

45 to 64 years....................... 

65 years and over..................... 

18 years and over 2

 .................. 

21 years and over 2

 .................. 

MALES PER 100 FEMALES

 Total...................................... 

Age data available 1 ...................... 

Under 15 years......................... 

15 to 64 years........................... 

15 to 44 years....................... 

15 to 24 years................... 

25 to 44 years................... 

45 to 64 years....................... 

65 years and over..................... 

18 years and over 2

 .................. 

21 years and over 2

 .................. 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

102,926 

220,477 

283,438 

348,506 

502,529 

597,387 

642,270 

606,534 

640,421 

658,532 

508,776 

644,203 

788,146 

892,110 

825,283 

658,907 

435,567 

263,290 

-

52 

9,619,302 

9,619,302 

606,841 

5,937,304 

3,337,647 

851,035 

2,486,612 

2,599,657 

3,075,157 

(NA) 

(NA) 

-

100.0 

6.3 

61.7 

34.7 

8.8 

25.9 

27.0 

32.0 

(NA) 

(NA) 

84.4 

84.4 

102.7 

83.8 

80.8 

88.1 

78.4 

87.8 

82.4 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(X) 

52,581 

112,954 

141,941 

173,640 

225,048 

259,025 

285,459 

270,735 

277,423 

297,134 

238,495 

304,699 

375,377 

411,562 

368,503 

303,070 

196,637 

109,404 

-

52.2 

4,403,687 

4,403,687 

307,476 

2,707,035 

1,491,330 

398,688 

1,092,642 

1,215,705 

1,389,176 

(NA) 

(NA 

-

100.0 

7.0 

61.5 

33.9 

9.1 

24.8 

27.6 

31.5 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

50,345 

107,523 

141,497 

174,866 

277,481 

338,362 

356,811 

335,799 

362,998 

361,398 

270,281 

339,504 

412,769 

480,548 

456,780 

355,837 

238,930 

153,886 

-

51.9 

5,215,615 

5,215,615 

299,365 

3,230,269 

1,846,317 

452,347 

1,393,970 

1,383,952 

1,685,981 

(NA) 

(NA) 

-

100.0 

5.7 

61.9 

35.4 

8.7 

26.7 

26.5 

32.3 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

101,886 

165,858 

237,042 

202,899 

307,365 

387,304 

478,816 

571,485 

457,744 

644,391 

846,313 

1,063,247 

1,095,696 

1,118,190 

977,166 

614,916 

304,480 

163,293 

-

57.2 

9,738,091 

9,738,091 

504,786 

6,055,260 

2,405,613 

510,264 

1,895,349 

3,649,647 

3,178,045 

9,114,168 

8,979,524 

-

100.0 

5.2 

62.2 

24.7 

5.2 

19.5 

37.5 

32.6 

93.6 

92.2 

95.6 

95.6 

102.5 

92.9 

83.5 

86.2 

82.7 

99.7 

100.0 

95.2 

95.3 

(X) 

51,442 

84,098 

119,935 

98,724 

137,519 

171,310 

204,769 

262,716 

219,307 

315,526 

422,367 

541,383 

542,483 

566,414 

504,663 

306,872 

141,429 

69,475 

-

57.7 

4,760,432 

4,760,432 

255,475 

2,916,104 

1,094,345 

236,243 

858,102 

1,821,759 

1,588,853 

4,445,251 

4,382,844 

-

100.0 

5.4 

61.3 

23.0 

5.0 

18.0 

38.3 

33.4 

93.4 

92.1 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

50,444 

81,760 

117,107 

104,175 

169,846 

215,994 

274,047 

308,769 

238,437 

328,865 

423,946 

521,864 

553,213 

551,776 

472,503 

308,044 

163,051 

93,818 

-

56.7 

4,977,659 

4,977,659 

249,311 

3,139,156 

1,311,268 

274,021 

1,037,247 

1,827,888 

1,589,192 

4,668,917 

4,596,680 

-

100.0 

5.0 

63.1 

26.3 

5.5 

20.8 

36.7 

31.9 

93.8 

92.3 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

65,860 

64,440 

68,145 

97,600 

222,335 

370,765 

337,740 

548,950 

815,615 

1,090,530 

1,257,845 

1,348,530 

1,334,375 

1,124,735 

753,645 

453,405 

252,870 

140,010 

-

55.9 

10,347,395 

10,347,395 

198,445 

7,424,285 

2,393,005 

319,935 

2,073,070 

5,031,280 

2,724,665 

10,096,555 

10,020,450 

-

100.0 

1.9 

71.8 

23.1 

3.1 

20.0 

48.6 

26.3 

97.6 

96.8 

103.3 

103.3 

104.1 

103.7 

89.4 

82.5 

90.5 

111.3 

102.3 

103.2 

103.3 

(X) 

32,895 

32,435 

35,890 

50,610 

94,065 

165,695 

156,730 

259,040 

403,305 

555,815 

647,580 

717,930 

728,515 

591,040 

381,535 

223,175 

120,505 

61,495 

-

56.4 

5,258,255 

5,258,255 

101,220 

3,779,285 

1,129,445 

144,675 

984,770 

2,649,840 

1,377,750 

5,128,740 

5,092,230 

-

100.0 

1.9 

71.9 

21.5 

2.8 

18.7 

50.4 

26.2 

97.5 

96.8 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

32,965

32,005

32,255

46,990

128,270

205,070

181,010

289,910

412,310

534,715

610,265

630,600

605,860

533,695

372,110

230,230

132,365

78,515 

-

55.3 

5,089,140 

5,089,140

97,225

3,645,000

1,263,560

175,260

1,088,300

2,381,440

1,346,915

4,967,815

4,928,220 

-

100.0

1.9

71.6

24.8

3.4

21.4

46.8

26.5

97.6

96.8 

(X) 

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X) 

(X) 

Subject 

1940 1930 1920 

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 

AGE

 Total...................................... 11,594,896 6,121,647 5,473,249 14,204,149 7,647,090 6,557,059 13,920,692 7,675,435 6,245,257 

Age data available 1 ...................... 11,419,138 6,011,015 5,408,123 13,972,689 7,495,824 6,476,865 13,692,490 7,514,590 6,177,900

 Under 5 years........................... 8,321 4,219 4,102 34,009 17,232 16,777 44,984 22,857 22,127

 5 to 9 years............................... 21,584 10,937 10,647 142,373 71,872 70,501 169,884 85,774 84,110

 10 to 14 years........................... 53,751 27,114 26,637 178,534 90,104 88,430 331,362 167,152 164,210

 15 to 19 years........................... 164,785 82,391 82,394 377,106 183,215 193,891 527,942 259,270 268,672

 20 to 24 years........................... 209,509 98,917 110,592 747,188 368,631 378,557 926,844 456,988 469,856

 25 to 29 years........................... 424,276 193,647 230,629 1,114,932 571,039 543,893 1,454,363 792,088 662,275

 30 to 34 years........................... 709,091 342,991 366,100 1,320,810 693,851 626,959 1,651,475 946,818 704,657

 35 to 39 years........................... 1,048,395 530,164 518,231 1,702,431 933,999 768,432 1,737,805 1,008,677 729,128

 40 to 44 years........................... 1,263,070 656,782 606,288 1,745,900 992,135 753,765 1,428,099 803,195 624,904

 45 to 49 years........................... 1,503,905 816,955 686,950 1,610,052 907,537 702,515 1,299,675 744,423 555,252 
. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

. 

. 

.. 

... 

... 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

... 

... 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

... 

... 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

.. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

 50 to 54 years........................... 1,565,568 883,342 682,226 1,345,130 737,822 607,308 1,167,377 651,546 515,831

 55 to 59 years........................... 1,318,750 735,848 582,902 1,048,476 565,334 483,142 908,722 503,789 404,933

 60 to 64 years........................... 1,068,875 573,300 495,575 925,893 491,843 434,050 715,731 392,629 323,102

 65 to 69 years........................... 812,528 422,760 389,768 721,899 383,135 338,764 519,226 275,400 243,826

 70 to 74 years........................... 602,159 310,106 292,053 466,351 246,334 220,017 381,325 194,732 186,593

 75 to 79 years........................... 379,249 193,630 185,619 491,605 241,741 249,864 246,487 124,170 122,317

 80 to 84 years........................... 178,892 88,890 90,002 (NA) (NA) (NA) 118,935 56,701 62,234

 85 years and over..................... 86,430 39,022 47,408 (NA) (NA) (NA) 62,254 28,381 33,873 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 175,758 110,632 65,126 231,460 151,266 80,194 228,202 160,845 67,357 

Median age (years)....................... 

BROAD AGE GROUPS

51 51.4 50.5 43.9 44.1 43.7 40 40.1 39.9 

Total...................................... 11,594,896 6,121,647 5,473,249 14,204,149 7,647,090 6,557,059 13,920,692 7,675,435 6,245,257 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 11,419,138 6,011,015 5,408,123 13,972,689 7,495,824 6,476,865 13,692,490 7,514,590 6,177,900

 Under 15 years......................... 83,656 42,270 41,386 354,916 179,208 175,708 546,230 275,783 270,447

 15 to 64 years........................... 9,276,224 4,914,337 4,361,887 11,937,918 6,445,406 5,492,512 11,818,033 6,559,423 5,258,610

 15 to 44 years....................... 3,819,126 1,904,892 1,914,234 7,008,367 3,742,870 3,265,497 7,726,528 4,267,036 3,459,492

 15 to 24 years................... 374,294 181,308 192,986 1,124,294 551,846 572,448 1,454,786 716,258 738,528

 25 to 44 years................... 3,444,832 1,723,584 1,721,248 5,884,073 3,191,024 2,693,049 6,271,742 3,550,778 2,720,964

 45 to 64 years....................... 5,457,098 3,009,445 2,447,653 4,929,551 2,702,536 2,227,015 4,091,505 2,292,387 1,799,118

 65 years and over..................... 2,059,258 1,054,408 1,004,850 1,679,855 871,210 808,645 1,328,227 679,384 648,843

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 11,260,819 5,930,974 5,329,845 (NA) (NA) (NA) 12,859,490 7,097,340 5,762,150

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 11,123,950 5,863,510 5,260,440 (NA) (NA) (NA) 12,478,456 6,914,720 5,563,736 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 

175,758 110,632 65,126 231,460 151,266 80,194 228,202 160,845 67,357 

Age data available 1

 .................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Under 15 years......................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 2.5 2.4 2.7 4.0 3.7 4.4

 15 to 64 years........................... 81.2 81.8 80.7 85.4 86.0 84.8 86.3 87.3 85.1

 15 to 44 years....................... 33.4 31.7 35.4 50.2 49.9 50.4 56.4 56.8 56.0

 15 to 24 years................... 3.3 3.0 3.6 8.0 7.4 8.8 10.6 9.5 12.0

 25 to 44 years................... 30.2 28.7 31.8 42.1 42.6 41.6 45.8 47.3 44.0

 45 to 64 years....................... 47.8 50.1 45.3 35.3 36.1 34.4 29.9 30.5 29.1

 65 years and over..................... 18.0 17.5 18.6 12.0 11.6 12.5 9.7 9.0 10.5

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 98.6 98.7 98.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) 93.9 94.4 93.3

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 

MALES PER 100 FEMALES

97.4 97.5 97.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) 91.1 92.0 90.1 

Total...................................... 111.8 (X) (X) 116.6 (X) (X) 122.9 (X) (X) 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 111.1 (X) (X) 115.7 (X) (X) 121.6 (X) (X)

 Under 15 years......................... 102.1 (X) (X) 102.0 (X) (X) 102.0 (X) (X)

 15 to 64 years........................... 112.7 (X) (X) 117.3 (X) (X) 124.7 (X) (X)

 15 to 44 years....................... 99.5 (X) (X) 114.6 (X) (X) 123.3 (X) (X)

 15 to 24 years................... 93.9 (X) (X) 96.4 (X) (X) 97.0 (X) (X)

 25 to 44 years................... 100.1 (X) (X) 118.5 (X) (X) 130.5 (X) (X)

 45 to 64 years....................... 123.0 (X) (X) 121.4 (X) (X) 127.4 (X) (X)

 65 years and over..................... 104.9 (X) (X) 107.7 (X) (X) 104.7 (X) (X)

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 111.3 (X) (X) (NA) (X) (X) 123.2 (X) (X)

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 111.5 (X) (X) (NA) (X) (X) 124.3 (X) (X) 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 169.9 (X) (X) 188.6 (X) (X) 238.8 (X) (X) 

Subject 

1910 1900 1890 

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 

AGE

 Total...................................... 13,515,886 7,667,748 5,848,138 10,341,276 5,630,190 4,711,086 9,249,547 5,067,130 4,182,417 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 13,319,334 7,504,082 5,815,252 10,314,214 5,611,941 4,702,273 9,097,250 4,935,228 4,162,022

 Under 5 years........................... 102,507 51,940 50,567 52,641 26,696 25,945 86,629 44,040 42,589

 5 to 9 years............................... 298,509 150,652 147,857 147,723 73,999 73,724 248,351 126,070 122,281

 10 to 14 years........................... 358,330 181,303 177,027 312,591 158,238 154,353 396,379 201,159 195,220

 15 to 19 years........................... 673,761 351,754 322,007 568,508 277,243 291,265 521,295 257,658 263,637

 20 to 24 years........................... 1,430,381 823,920 606,461 931,178 465,989 465,189 917,374 476,224 441,150

 25 to 29 years........................... 1,662,696 990,576 672,120 1,111,478 601,812 509,666 1,072,239 602,545 469,694

 30 to 34 years........................... 1,505,715 888,668 617,047 1,189,552 674,974 514,578 942,320 549,099 393,221

 35 to 39 years........................... 1,408,093 812,007 596,086 1,197,357 691,211 506,146 870,592 493,471 377,121

 40 to 44 years........................... 1,303,475 751,519 551,956 984,186 574,293 409,893 859,954 475,106 384,848

 45 to 49 years........................... 1,146,360 656,455 489,905 854,474 481,780 372,694 787,815 433,466 354,349

 50 to 54 years........................... 925,055 526,256 398,799 813,870 449,875 363,995 709,220 382,987 326,233

 55 to 59 years........................... 693,520 380,110 313,410 648,671 350,498 298,173 525,131 278,485 246,646

 60 to 64 years........................... 627,583 331,914 295,669 549,000 289,456 259,544 477,647 254,101 223,546

 65 to 69 years........................... 488,397 255,416 232,981 412,288 214,792 197,496 311,574 166,745 144,829

 70 to 74 years........................... 336,967 172,751 164,216 282,915 148,537 134,378 199,006 106,364 92,642

 75 to 79 years........................... 208,212 105,412 102,800 159,161 83,099 76,062 101,215 53,167 48,048

 80 to 84 years........................... 101,290 50,262 51,028 69,208 35,462 33,746 46,853 23,343 23,510

 85 years and over..................... 48,483 23,167 25,316 29,413 13,987 15,426 23,656 11,198 12,458 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 196,552 163,666 32,886 27,062 18,249 8,813 152,297 131,902 20,395 
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Median age (years)....................... 

BROAD AGE GROUPS

37.2 36.9 37.6 38.5 38.8 38.1 37.1 37.1 37 

Total...................................... 13,515,886 7,667,748 5,848,138 10,341,276 5,630,190 4,711,086 9,249,547 5,067,130 4,182,417 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 13,319,334 7,504,082 5,815,252 10,314,214 5,611,941 4,702,273 9,097,250 4,935,228 4,162,022

 Under 15 years......................... 759,346 383,895 375,451 512,955 258,933 254,022 731,359 371,269 360,090

 15 to 64 years........................... 11,376,639 6,513,179 4,863,460 8,848,274 4,857,131 3,991,143 7,683,587 4,203,142 3,480,445

 15 to 44 years....................... 7,984,121 4,618,444 3,365,677 5,982,259 3,285,522 2,696,737 5,183,774 2,854,103 2,329,671

 15 to 24 years................... 2,104,142 1,175,674 928,468 1,499,686 743,232 756,454 1,438,669 733,882 704,787

 25 to 44 years................... 5,879,979 3,442,770 2,437,209 4,482,573 2,542,290 1,940,283 3,745,105 2,120,221 1,624,884

 45 to 64 years....................... 3,392,518 1,894,735 1,497,783 2,866,015 1,571,609 1,294,406 2,499,813 1,349,039 1,150,774

 65 years and over..................... 1,183,349 607,008 576,341 952,985 495,877 457,108 682,304 360,817 321,487

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 12,265,760 6,973,431 5,292,329 9,513,147 5,211,261 4,301,886 8,093,146 4,427,754 3,665,392

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 11,627,714 6,627,111 5,000,603 9,057,861 4,992,037 4,065,824 7,678,076 4,225,730 3,452,346 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 

196,552 163,666 32,886 27,062 18,249 8,813 152,297 131,902 20,395 

Age data available 1

 .................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Under 15 years......................... 5.7 5.1 6.5 5.0 4.6 5.4 8.0 7.5 8.7

 15 to 64 years........................... 85.4 86.8 83.6 85.8 86.5 84.9 84.5 85.2 83.6

 15 to 44 years....................... 59.9 61.5 57.9 58.0 58.5 57.3 57.0 57.8 56.0

 15 to 24 years................... 15.8 15.7 16.0 14.5 13.2 16.1 15.8 14.9 16.9

 25 to 44 years................... 44.1 45.9 41.9 43.5 45.3 41.3 41.2 43.0 39.0

 45 to 64 years....................... 25.5 25.2 25.8 27.8 28.0 27.5 27.5 27.3 27.6

 65 years and over..................... 8.9 8.1 9.9 9.2 8.8 9.7 7.5 7.3 7.7

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 92.1 92.9 91.0 92.2 92.9 91.5 89.0 89.7 88.1

 21 years and over 2

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MALES PER 100 FEMALES

87.3 88.3 86.0 87.8 89.0 86.5 84.4 85.6 82.9 

Total...................................... 131.1 (X) (X) 119.5 (X) (X) 121.2 (X) (X) 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 129.0 (X) (X) 119.3 (X) (X) 118.6 (X) (X)

 Under 15 years......................... 102.2 (X) (X) 101.9 (X) (X) 103.1 (X) (X)

 15 to 64 years........................... 133.9 (X) (X) 121.7 (X) (X) 120.8 (X) (X)

 15 to 44 years....................... 137.2 (X) (X) 121.8 (X) (X) 122.5 (X) (X)

 15 to 24 years................... 126.6 (X) (X) 98.3 (X) (X) 104.1 (X) (X)

 25 to 44 years................... 141.3 (X) (X) 131.0 (X) (X) 130.5 (X) (X)

 45 to 64 years....................... 126.5 (X) (X) 121.4 (X) (X) 117.2 (X) (X)

 65 years and over..................... 105.3 (X) (X) 108.5 (X) (X) 112.2 (X) (X)

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 131.8 (X) (X) 121.1 (X) (X) 120.8 (X) (X)

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 132.5 (X) (X) 122.8 (X) (X) 122.4 (X) (X) 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 497.7 (X) (X) 207.1 (X) (X) 646.7 (X) (X) 

Subject 

1880 1870 

Total Male Female Total Male Female 

AGE

 Total...................................... 6,679,943 3,630,943 3,049,377 5,567,229 3,006,943 2,560,286 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 6,559,679 3,521,635 3,038,044 5,564,473 3,004,548 2,559,925

 Under 5 years........................... 62,371 31,256 31,115 84,316 42,529 41,787

 5 to 9 years............................... 122,697 61,803 60,894 175,026 88,754 86,272

 10 to 14 years........................... 238,439 120,740 117,699 207,447 106,139 101,308

 15 to 19 years........................... 378,812 184,320 194,492 332,342 162,942 169,400

 20 to 24 years........................... 528,255 274,038 254,217 622,089 317,832 304,257

 25 to 29 years........................... 671,116 365,094 306,022 722,123 391,721 330,402

 30 to 34 years........................... 762,631 419,769 342,862 701,637 379,445 322,192

 35 to 39 years........................... 789,265 432,957 356,308 676,283 367,113 309,170

 40 to 44 years........................... 712,890 384,931 327,959 607,720 334,598 273,122

 45 to 49 years........................... 630,941 340,863 290,078 455,755 263,473 192,282

 50 to 54 years........................... 577,087 318,045 259,042 371,772 217,493 154,279

 55 to 59 years........................... 373,114 206,820 166,294 204,307 116,216 88,091

 60 to 64 years........................... 310,463 170,841 139,622 181,782 99,394 82,388

 65 to 69 years........................... 181,361 98,028 83,333 97,543 52,493 45,050

 70 to 74 years........................... 114,609 59,590 55,019 69,627 36,579 33,048

 75 to 79 years........................... 60,696 31,106 29,590 29,958 15,616 14,342

 80 to 84 years........................... 31,086 15,156 15,930 24,746 12,211 12,535

 85 years and over..................... 13,846 6,278 7,568 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 120,264 108,931 11,333 2,756 2,395 361 

Median age (years)....................... 

BROAD AGE GROUPS

38.3 38.5 38 34.6 35.2 33.8 

Total...................................... 6,679,943 3,630,566 3,049,377 5,567,229 3,006,943 2,560,286 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 6,559,679 3,521,635 3,038,044 5,564,473 3,004,548 2,559,925

 Under 15 years......................... 423,507 213,799 209,708 466,789 237,422 229,367

 15 to 64 years........................... 5,734,574 3,097,678 2,636,896 4,875,810 2,650,227 2,225,583

 15 to 44 years....................... 3,842,969 2,061,109 1,781,860 3,662,194 1,953,651 1,708,543

 15 to 24 years................... 907,067 458,358 448,709 954,431 480,774 473,657

 25 to 44 years................... 2,935,902 1,602,751 1,333,151 2,707,763 1,472,877 1,234,886 
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Footnotes:

 45 to 64 years....................... 1,891,605 1,036,569 855,036 1,213,616 696,576 517,040

 65 years and over..................... 401,598 210,158 191,440 221,874 116,899 104,975

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 5,929,939 3,207,478 2,722,461 4,933,840 2,686,877 2,246,963

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 5,651,978 3,072,487 2,579,491 4,631,872 2,542,583 2,089,289 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 120,264 108,931 11,333 2,756 2,395 361 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 

Age data available 1

 .................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Under 15 years......................... 6.5 6.1 6.9 8.4 7.9 9.0

 15 to 64 years........................... 87.4 88.0 86.8 87.6 88.2 86.9

 15 to 44 years....................... 58.6 58.5 58.7 65.8 65.0 66.7

 15 to 24 years................... 13.8 13.0 14.8 17.2 16.0 18.5

 25 to 44 years................... 44.8 45.5 43.9 48.7 49.0 48.2

 45 to 64 years....................... 28.8 29.4 28.1 21.8 23.2 20.2

 65 years and over..................... 6.1 6.0 6.3 4.0 3.9 4.1

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 90.4 91.1 89.6 88.7 89.4 87.8

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 86.2 87.2 84.9 83.2 84.6 81.6 

MALES PER 100 FEMALES

 Total...................................... 119.1 (X) (X) 117.4 (X) (X) 

Age data available 1

 ...................... 115.9 (X) (X) 117.4 (X) (X)

 Under 15 years......................... 102.0 (X) (X) 103.5 (X) (X)

 15 to 64 years........................... 117.5 (X) (X) 119.1 (X) (X)

 15 to 44 years....................... 115.7 (X) (X) 114.3 (X) (X)

 15 to 24 years................... 102.2 (X) (X) 101.5 (X) (X)

 25 to 44 years................... 120.2 (X) (X) 119.3 (X) (X)

 45 to 64 years....................... 121.2 (X) (X) 134.7 (X) (X)

 65 years and over..................... 109.8 (X) (X) 111.4 (X) (X)

 18 years and over 2

 .................. 117.8 (X) (X) 119.6 (X) (X)

 21 years and over 2

 .................. 119.1 (X) (X) 121.7 (X) (X) 

Age data not available 1

 ................ 961.2 (X) (X) 663.4 (X) (X) 

* Indicates sample data. - Represents zero. (X) Not applicable. (NA) Not available. 

1

 See text for Table 7. For 1870 and 1900, age data not available include age not reported for all races. For 1880 and 1940 (when age not 

reported was allocated), age data not available include only the foreign-born population of races other than White. For 1890 and 1910-1930 

age data not available include age not reported for the White foreign-born population and also the total foreign-born population of races 

other than White as follows: 1890 - 127,680 total, 115,272 males, and 12,408 females; 1910 - 170,341 total, 143,960 males, and 26,381 

females; 1920 - 207,938 total, 147,113 males, and 60,825 females; 1930 - 220,745 total, 144,599 males, and 76,146 females. For 1950-

2000 age not reported was allocated. 2

 For additional data on the foreign-born population 18 years and over and 21 years and over, see 

Table 11. 3

 For 1930, 75 years and over. 4 For 1870, 80 years and over. 

Internet Release Date: February 2, 2006 
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Table 8. Race and Hispanic Origin of the Population by Nativity: 1850 to 1990 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Race 

Hispanic 

Races other than White 

American 

Indian, Asian and origin White, not 

Year and nativity Total White Total Black 

Eskimo, 

and Aleut 1 

Pacific 

Islander 2 

Other 

race 3 

(of any 

race) 4 

of Hispanic 

origin 4 

1990*

 Total................ 248,709,873 199,827,064 48,882,809 29,930,524 2,015,143 7,226,986 9,710,156 21,900,089 188,424,773 

Native...................... 228,942,557 189,804,252 39,138,305 28,475,230 1,968,224 2,668,242 6,026,609 14,058,439 182,257,430 

Foreign born............ 19,767,316 10,022,812 9,744,504 1,455,294 46,919 4,558,744 3,683,547 7,841,650 6,167,343

 Percent................ 7.9 

1980*

5.0 19.9 4.9 2.3 63.1 37.9 35.8 3.3 

Total................ 226,545,805 189,035,012 37,510,793 26,482,349 1,534,336 3,726,440 5,767,668 14,603,683 180,602,838 

Native...................... 212,465,899 179,711,066 32,754,833 25,666,629 1,496,146 1,543,801 4,048,257 10,430,832 173,648,776 

Foreign born............ 14,079,906 9,323,946 4,755,960 815,720 38,190 2,182,639 1,719,411 4,172,851 6,954,062

 Percent................ 6.2 

1970*

4.9 12.7 3.1 2.5 58.6 29.8 28.6 3.9 

Total................ 203,210,158 178,119,221 25,090,937 22,539,362 760,572 1,526,401 264,602 9,072,602 169,653,095 

Native...................... 193,590,856 169,385,451 24,205,405 22,285,904 746,084 981,964 191,453 7,270,270 162,596,991 

Foreign born............ 9,619,302 8,733,770 885,532 253,458 14,488 544,437 73,149 1,802,332 7,056,104

 Percent................ 4.7 

1960* 5 

4.9 3.5 1.1 1.9 35.7 27.6 19.9 4.2 

Total................ 179,325,671 158,837,671 20,448,000 18,848,619 546,228 890,868 202,281 (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 169,587,528 149,543,638 20,003,890 18,723,297 (NA) 607,119 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 9,738,143 9,294,033 444,110 125,322 (NA) 283,749 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 5.4 

1960* 5 

5.9 2.2 0.7 (NA) 31.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 178,466,732 158,460,691 20,006,041 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 168,805,716 149,181,384 19,624,332 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 9,661,016 9,279,307 381,709 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 5.4 

1950* 6 

5.9 1.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 150,216,110 134,478,365 15,737,745 15,044,598 342,226 320,141 48,368 (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 139,868,715 124,382,950 15,485,765 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 10,347,395 10,095,415 251,980 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 6.9 

1940

7.5 1.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 131,669,275 118,214,870 13,454,405 12,865,518 333,969 254,918 (X) 1,861,400 116,353,470 

Native...................... 120,074,379 106,795,732 13,278,647 12,781,577 329,478 167,592 (X) 1,433,040 105,362,692 

Foreign born............ 11,594,896 11,419,138 175,758 83,941 4,491 87,326 (X) 428,360 10,990,778

 Percent................ 8.8 

1930

9.7 1.3 0.7 1.3 34.3 (X) 23.0 9.4 

Total................ 122,775,046 110,286,740 12,488,306 11,891,143 332,397 264,766 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 108,570,897 96,303,335 12,267,562 11,792,523 328,845 146,194 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 14,204,149 13,983,405 220,744 98,620 3,552 118,572 (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 11.6 

1920

12.7 1.8 0.8 1.1 44.8 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 105,710,620 94,820,915 10,889,705 10,463,131 244,437 182,137 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 91,789,928 81,108,161 10,681,767 10,389,328 238,138 54,301 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 13,920,692 13,712,754 207,938 73,803 6,299 127,836 (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 13.2 

1910

14.5 1.9 0.7 2.6 70.2 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 91,972,266 81,731,957 10,240,309 9,827,763 265,683 146,863 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 78,456,380 68,386,412 10,069,968 9,787,424 262,930 19,614 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 13,515,886 13,345,545 170,341 40,339 2,753 127,249 (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 14.7 

1900

16.3 1.7 0.4 1.0 86.6 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 75,994,575 66,809,196 9,185,379 8,833,994 237,196 114,189 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 65,653,299 56,595,379 9,057,920 8,813,658 234,983 9,279 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 10,341,276 10,213,817 127,459 20,336 2,213 104,910 (X) (NA) (NA) 
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 Percent................ 

1890 7 

13.6 15.3 1.4 0.2 0.9 91.9 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 

1890 7 

62,947,714 55,101,258 7,846,456 7,488,676 248,253 109,527 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 62,622,250 54,983,890 7,638,360 7,470,040 58,806 109,514 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 53,372,703 45,862,023 7,510,680 7,450,061 57,571 3,048 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 9,249,547 9,121,867 127,680 19,979 1,235 106,466 (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 

1880

14.8 16.6 1.7 0.3 2.1 97.2 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 50,155,783 43,402,970 6,752,813 6,580,793 66,407 105,613 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 43,475,840 36,843,291 6,632,549 6,566,776 64,587 1,186 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 6,679,943 6,559,679 120,264 14,017 1,820 104,427 (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 

1870

13.3 15.1 1.8 0.2 2.7 98.9 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 38,558,371 33,589,377 4,968,994 4,880,009 25,731 63,254 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 32,991,142 28,095,665 4,895,477 4,870,364 24,595 518 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 5,567,229 5,493,712 73,517 9,645 1,136 62,736 (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 

1860 8 

14.4 16.4 1.5 0.2 4.4 99.2 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 31,443,321 26,922,537 4,520,784 4,441,830 44,021 34,933 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 27,304,624 22,825,784 4,478,840 4,434,819 44,021 - (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 4,138,697 4,096,753 41,944 7,011 - 34,933 (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 

1850 8 

13.2 15.2 0.9 0.2 - 100.0 (X) (NA) (NA) 

Total................ 23,191,876 19,553,068 3,638,808 3,638,808 (X) (X) (X) (NA) (NA) 

Native...................... 20,947,274 17,312,533 3,634,741 3,634,741 (X) (X) (X) (NA) (NA) 

Foreign born............ 2,244,602 2,240,535 4,067 4,067 (X) (X) (X) (NA) (NA)

 Percent................ 9.7 11.5 0.1 0.1 (X) (X) (X) (NA) (NA)

 * Indicates sample data.

 - Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

(X) Not applicable. 

(NA) Not available.
 1

 For 1950 to 1970, Eskimo and Aleut included with "Other race." 

2

 For 1950 and 1960, Hawaiian included with "Other race." 

3

 The 1950 census was the first census in which the race question included a separate category for "Other race." See text for Table 8. 4

 Estimates for 1940 of the Hispanic origin population and of the White, not of Hispanic origin population are based on 5-percent sample data on the 

White population with mother tongue of Spanish. See text for Table 8. 5

 The 1960 population of Alaska and Hawaii (858,940) is included In the first block of data for 1960 and is excluded in the second block of data for 

1960. See text for Table 8 regarding minor inconsistencies in sample data by race for 1960. 6

 See text for Table 8 regarding minor inconsistencies in sample data by race for 1950. 7

 The 1890 population of the Indian Territory and on Indian Reservations (325,464), for which data on nativity are not available, is included in the first 

block of data for 1890 and excluded in the second block of data for 1890. See text for Table 8. 

8

 Data by nativity for the total population in 1850 and 1860 assume, as was done in 1870 census reports, that the entire slave population in 1850 and 

1860 was native, that the entire American Indian population in 1860 was native, and that the entire Asian population in 1860 was foreign born. 

Internet release date: February 2, 2006
 
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(Leading dots indicate subparts)

Footnotes:

Table 9. Race and Hispanic Origin of the Foreign-Born Population: 1850 to 1990 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Year and nativity Total 

Race 

Hispanic 

origin 

(of any 

race) 4 

White, not 

of Hispanic 

origin 4 White 

Races other than White 

Total Black 

American 

Indian, 

Eskimo, 

and Aleut 1 

Asian and 

Pacific 

Islander 2 

Other 

race 3 

FOREIGN-BORN

 POPULATION 

1990*............................... 19,767,316 10,022,812 9,744,504 1,455,294 46,919 4,558,744 3,683,547 7,841,650 6,167,343 

1980*............................... 14,079,906 9,323,946 4,755,960 815,720 38,190 2,182,639 1,719,411 4,172,851 6,954,062 

1970*............................... 9,619,302 8,733,770 885,532 253,458 14,488 544,437 73,149 1,802,332 7,056,104 

1960* 5

 ............................ 9,738,143 9,294,033 444,110 125,322 (NA) 283,749 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

1960* 5

 ............................ 9,661,016 9,279,307 381,709 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

1950*............................... 10,347,395 10,095,415 251,980 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

1940................................ 11,594,896 11,419,138 175,758 83,941 4,491 87,326 (X) 428,360 10,990,778 

1930................................ 14,204,149 13,983,405 220,744 98,620 3,552 118,572 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1920................................ 13,920,692 13,712,754 207,938 73,803 6,299 127,836 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1910................................ 13,515,886 13,345,545 170,341 40,339 2,753 127,249 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1900................................ 10,341,276 10,213,817 127,459 20,336 2,213 104,910 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1890................................ 9,249,547 9,121,867 127,680 19,979 1,235 106,466 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1880................................ 6,679,943 6,559,679 120,264 14,017 1,820 104,427 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1870................................ 5,567,229 5,493,712 73,517 9,645 1,136 62,736 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1860 6

 ............................. 4,138,697 4,096,753 41,944 7,011 - 34,933 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1850 6

 ............................. 

PERCENT

 DISTRIBUTION 

2,244,602 2,240,535 4,067 4,067 (X) (X) (X) (NA) (NA) 

1990*............................... 100.0 50.7 49.3 7.4 0.2 23.1 18.6 39.7 31.2 

1980*............................... 100.0 66.2 33.8 5.8 0.3 15.5 12.2 29.6 49.4 

1970*............................... 100.0 90.8 9.2 2.6 0.2 5.7 0.8 18.7 73.4 

1960* 5

 ............................ 100.0 95.4 4.6 1.3 (NA) 2.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

1960* 5

 ............................ 100.0 96.0 4.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

1950*............................... 100.0 97.6 2.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

1940................................ 100.0 98.5 1.5 0.7 - 0.8 (X) 3.7 94.8 

1930................................ 100.0 98.4 1.6 0.7 - 0.8 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1920................................ 100.0 98.5 1.5 0.5 - 0.9 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1910................................ 100.0 98.7 1.3 0.3 - 0.9 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1900................................ 100.0 98.8 1.2 0.2 - 1.0 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1890................................ 100.0 98.6 1.4 0.2 - 1.2 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1880................................ 100.0 98.2 1.8 0.2 - 1.6 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1870................................ 100.0 98.7 1.3 0.2 - 1.1 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1860 6

 ............................. 100.0 99.0 1.0 0.2 - 0.8 (X) (NA) (NA) 

1850 6

 ............................. 100.0 99.8 0.2 0.2 (X) (X) (X) (NA) (NA) 

* Indicates sample data. 

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

(X) Not applicable.
 

(NA) Not available.
 1

 For 1950 to 1970, Eskimo and Aleut included with "Other race." 

2

 For 1950 and 1960, Hawaiian included with "Other race." 

3

 The 1950 census was the first census in which the race question included a separate category for "Other race." See text for Table 8. 

4

 Estimates for 1940 of the Hispanic origin population and of the White, not of Hispanic origin population are based on 5-percent sample data on 

the White population with mother tongue of Spanish. See text for Table 8.

5

 The 1960 foreign-born population of Alaska and Hawaii (77,127) is included in the first line of data for 1960 and is excluded in the second line of 

data for 1960. 

6

 Data by nativity for the total population in 1850 and 1860 assume, as was done in 1870 census reports, that the entire slave population in 

1850 and 1860 was native, that the entire American Indian population in 1860 was native, and that the entire Asian population in 1860 was 

foreign born. 

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Footnotes:

Table 10. Race and Hispanic Origin of the Population by Nativity and of the

 Foreign-Born Population: 1990 and 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Race, Hispanic origin, and year Total Native 

Foreign-born Percent of 

foreign-born 

Number Percent population

TOTAL 

2000*............................................................... 

1990*................................................................ 

WHITE 

2000* - alone......................................................

2000* - alone or in combination 1

 ...................... 

1990*................................................................ 

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

2000* - alone....................................................... 

2000* - alone or in combination 1

 ...................... 

1990*................................................................ 

AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE 

2000* - alone....................................................... 

2000* - alone or in combination 1

 ...................... 

1990*................................................................ 

ASIAN 

2000* - alone....................................................... 

2000* - alone or in combination 1

 ...................... 

1990*................................................................ 

NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC

 ISLANDER 

2000* - alone....................................................... 

2000* - alone or in combination 1

 ...................... 

1990*................................................................ 

SOME OTHER RACE 

2000* - alone....................................................... 

2000* - alone or in combination 1

 ...................... 

1990*................................................................ 

TWO OR MORE RACES 

2000*............................................................... 

1990*................................................................ 

HISPANIC OR LATINO (of any race) 

2000*............................................................... 

1990*................................................................ 

WHITE, NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO 

2000* - alone......................................................

2000* - alone or in combination 1

 ...................... 

1990*................................................................ 

281,421,906 

248,709,873 

. 211,353,725 

217,140,902 

199,827,064 

34,361,740 

36,213,467 

29,930,524 

2,447,989 

4,315,865 

2,015,143 

10,171,820 

11,859,446 

6,876,394 

378,782 

860,965 

350,592 

15,436,924 

18,850,054 

9,710,156 

7,270,926 

(X) 

35,238,481 

21,900,089 

. 194,514,140 

198,456,538 

188,424,773 

250,314,017 

228,942,557 

197,977,521 

202,594,457 

189,804,252 

32,261,875 

33,792,201 

28,475,230 

2,316,908 

4,078,328 

1,968,224 

3,159,618 

4,425,895 

2,363,047 

303,305 

699,364 

305,195 

8,735,644 

10,782,184 

6,026,609 

5,559,146 

(X) 

21,080,664 

14,058,439 

187,673,608 

191,057,760 

182,257,430 

31,107,889 

19,767,316 

13,376,204 

14,546,445 

10,022,812 

2,099,865 

2,421,266 

1,455,294 

131,081 

237,537 

46,919 

7,012,202 

7,433,551 

4,513,347 

75,477 

161,601 

45,397 

6,701,280 

8,067,870 

3,683,547 

1,711,780 

(X) 

14,157,817 

7,841,650 

6,840,532 

7,398,778 

6,167,343 

11.1 

7.9 

6.3 

6.7 

5.0 

6.1 

6.7 

4.9 

5.4 

5.5 

2.3 

68.9 

62.7 

65.6 

19.9 

18.8 

12.9 

43.4 

42.8 

37.9 

23.5 

(X) 

40.2 

35.8 

3.5 

3.7 

3.3 

100.0 

100.0 

43.0 

46.8 

50.7 

6.8 

7.8 

7.4 

0.4 

0.8 

0.2 

22.5 

23.9 

22.8 

0.2 

0.5 

0.2 

21.5 

25.9 

18.6 

5.5 

(X) 

45.5 

39.7 

22.0 

23.8 

31.2 

(X) Not applicable. 1 Alone or in combination with one or more other races. See text for Table 10.
 

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Footnotes:

Table 11. Length of Residence in the United States of the Foreign-Born Population: 1900 to 1930 and 1970 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Length of residence, 1970 to 2000 

Years 2000* 1990* 1980* 1970* 

NUMBER 

Total.............................................. 

Length reported................................... 

Under 5 years.................................... 

5 to 9 years........................................ 

10 to 14 years.................................... 

15 to 19 years.................................... 

20 years and over.............................. 

20 to 24 years 1 

............................. 

25 to 29 years 2 

............................. 

30 to 34 years 3 

............................. 

35 to 39 years 4 

............................. 

40 to 44 years 5 

............................. 

45 to 49 years 6 

............................. 

50 to 54 years............................... 

55 years and over......................... 

Length not reported................................ 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 

Length reported............................... 

Under 5 years........................................ 

5 to 9 years............................................ 

10 to 14 years........................................ 

15 to 19 years........................................ 

20 years and over.................................. 

Median (years)....................................... 

31,107,889 

31,107,889 

7,581,941 

5,596,335 

4,689,664 

3,775,098 

9,464,851 

2,686,566 

2,000,186 

1,484,167 

1,052,661 

803,149 

568,317 

379,716 

490,089 

-

100.0 

24.4 

18.0 

15.1 

12.1 

30.4 

12.5 

19,767,316 

19,767,316 

4,875,524 

3,788,103 

2,752,855 

2,116,560 

6,234,274 

1,591,123 

1,201,442 

1,599,021 

(NA) 

1,842,688 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

-

100.0 

24.7 

19.2 

13.9 

10.7 

31.5 

12.2 

14,079,906 

14,079,906 

3,335,024 

2,225,339 

1,807,814 

1,327,088 

5,384,641 

1,911,384 

(NA) 

3,473,257 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

-

100.0 

23.7 

15.8 

12.8 

9.4 

38.2 

14.1 

9,739,723

9,314,597 

1,721,155

1,136,028

976,504

790,836

4,690,074

585,770

323,449

(NA) 

766,150

(NA) 

1,182,985

(NA) 

1,831,720 

425,126 

100.0 

18.5 

12.2 

10.5 

8.5 

50.4 

20.3 

Length of residence, 1930 

Years 1930 

NUMBER

 Total.............................................. 14,204,149 

Length reported...................................... 13,618,533

 Under 5 years.................................... 1,085,214

 5 to 9 years........................................ 1,738,185

 10 to 14 years.................................... 730,309

 15 to 18 years.................................... 1,811,637

 19 years and over.............................. 8,253,188

 19 to 28 years............................... 3,823,694

 29 years and over......................... 4,429,494

Length not reported................................ 585,616

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

 Length reported............................... 100.0

Under 5 years........................................ 8.0

5 to 9 years............................................ 12.8 

10 to 14 years........................................ 5.4 

15 to 18 years........................................ 13.3 

19 years and over.................................. 60.6

Median (years)....................................... 20.9 

Length of residence, 1900 to 1920 

Years 1920 1910 1900 

NUMBER

 Total.............................................. 13,920,692 13,515,886 10,341,276 

Length reported...................................... 12,656,332 12,175,067 9,328,623

 Under 4 years.................................... 593,099 2,570,123 1,003,866

 4 to 8 years........................................ 2,257,864 2,036,022 1,359,231

 9 to 13 years...................................... 2,229,868 1,063,699 1,596,930

 14 to 18 years.................................... 1,814,264 1,157,513 1,566,448

 19 years and over.............................. 5,761,237 5,347,710 3,802,148 

Length not reported................................ 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

1,264,360 1,340,819 1,012,653 

Length reported............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Under 4 years........................................ 4.7 21.1 10.8 

4 to 8 years............................................ 17.8 16.7 14.6 

9 to 13 years.......................................... 17.6 8.7 17.1 

14 up to 18 years................................... 14.3 9.5 16.8 

19 years and over.................................. 45.5 43.9 40.8 

Median (years)....................................... 17.4 15.8 16.2 

* Indicates sample data. 

- Represents zero. 

(NA) Not available.
 1

 For 1980, 20 to 29 years.
 2

 For 1970, 25 to 34 years.
 3

 For 1990, 30 to 39 years. For 1980, 30 years and over.
 4

 For 1970, 35 to 44 years.
 5

 For 1990, 40 years and over.
 6

 For 1970, 45 to 54 years.
 

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Footnotes:

Table 12. Citizenship Status of the Foreign-Born Population: 1890 to 1950 and 1970 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Population universe 

and year Total 

Citizenship status reported 1 

Citizenship 

status not 

reported 1 Total 

Naturalized citizen Not a 

Number Percent citizen

TOTAL (all ages)

 2000*.................................................. 31,107,889 31,107,889 12,542,626 40.3 18,565,263 -

1990*.................................................. 19,767,316 19,767,316 7,996,998 40.5 11,770,318 -

1980*.................................................. 14,079,906 14,079,906 7,110,475 50.5 6,969,431 -

1970*.................................................. 9,739,723 9,739,723 6,198,173 63.6 3,541,550 -

1950*.................................................. 10,347,395 9,615,610 7,562,970 78.7 2,052,640 731,785

 1940................................................... 11,594,896 10,759,917 7,280,265 67.7 3,479,652 834,979

 1930................................................... 14,204,149 13,704,296 7,919,536 57.8 5,784,760 499,853

 1920................................................... 

18 YEARS AND OVER

 Both sexes

13,920,692 13,119,216 6,489,883 49.5 6,629,333 801,476 

2000*.................................................. 27,901,599 27,901,599 11,999,425 43.0 15,902,174 -

1990*.................................................. 17,674,856 17,674,856 7,656,964 43.3 10,017,892 -

1980*.................................................. 12,360,336 12,360,336 6,666,541 53.9 5,693,795 -

1970*.................................................. 

Male

8,787,355 8,787,355 5,900,350 67.1 2,887,005 -

2000*.................................................. 13,818,539 13,818,539 5,554,311 40.2 8,264,228 -

1990*.................................................. 8,584,582 8,584,582 3,543,661 41.3 5,040,921 -

1980*.................................................. 5,698,044 5,698,044 3,012,853 52.9 2,685,191 -

1970*.................................................. 

. Female

3,994,062 3,994,062 2,770,610 69.4 1,223,452 -

2000*.................................................. 14,083,060 14,083,060 6,445,114 45.8 7,637,946 -

1990*.................................................. 9,090,274 9,090,274 4,113,303 45.2 4,976,971 -

1980*.................................................. 6,662,292 6,662,292 3,653,688 54.8 3,008,604 -

1970*.................................................. 

21 YEARS AND OVER

 Both sexes

4,793,293 4,793,293 3,129,740 65.3 1,663,553 -

2000*.................................................. 26,597,286 26,597,286 11,766,252 44.2 14,831,034 -

1990*.................................................. 16,791,311 16,791,311 7,463,506 44.4 9,327,805 -

1980*.................................................. 11,733,838 11,733,838 6,484,569 55.3 5,249,269 -

1970*.................................................. 8,520,398 8,520,398 5,795,027 68.0 2,725,371 -

1950*.................................................. 10,020,450 9,346,345 7,466,445 79.9 1,879,900 674,105

 1940................................................... 11,292,821 10,495,035 7,159,643 68.2 3,335,392 797,786

 1930................................................... 13,336,353 12,865,112 7,681,681 59.7 5,183,431 471,241

 1920................................................... 

Male

12,686,393 11,946,255 6,218,801 52.1 5,727,454 740,138

 2000*.................................................. 13,088,312 13,088,312 5,435,470 41.5 7,652,842 -

1990*.................................................. 8,095,967 8,095,967 3,439,722 42.5 4,656,245 -

1980*.................................................. 5,363,748 5,363,748 2,920,723 54.5 2,443,025 -

1970*.................................................. 3,864,834 3,864,834 2,719,383 70.4 1,145,451 -

1950*.................................................. 5,092,230 4,772,195 3,981,895 83.4 790,300 320,035

 1940................................................... 5,969,588 5,593,358 4,076,207 72.9 1,517,151 376,230

 1930................................................... 7,218,977 6,987,874 4,247,704 60.8 2,740,170 231,103

 1920................................................... 7,063,594 6,699,518 3,320,226 49.6 3,379,292 364,076

 1910................................................... 6,780,214 6,000,250 3,038,303 50.6 2,961,947 779,964

 1900................................................... 5,010,286 4,275,297 2,848,807 66.6 1,426,490 734,989

 1890................................................... 

. Female

4,348,459 3,971,266 2,545,753 64.1 1,425,513 377,193 

2000*.................................................. 13,508,974 13,508,974 6,330,782 46.9 7,178,192 -

1990*.................................................. 8,695,344 8,695,344 4,023,784 46.3 4,671,560 -

1980*.................................................. 6,370,090 6,370,090 3,563,846 55.9 2,806,244 -

1970*.................................................. 4,655,564 4,655,564 3,075,644 66.1 1,579,920 -

1950*.................................................. 4,928,220 4,574,150 3,484,550 76.2 1,089,600 354,070

 1940................................................... 5,323,233 4,901,677 3,083,436 62.9 1,818,241 421,556

 1930................................................... 6,117,376 5,877,238 3,433,977 58.4 2,443,261 240,138

 1920................................................... 5,622,799 5,246,737 2,898,575 55.2 2,348,162 376,062 

* Indicates sample data. 

- Represents zero. 

(NA) Not available. 

1

 Since 1970, data on citizenship have been imputed if not reported. 

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Footnotes:

Table 13. Nativity and Parentage of the Population: 1890 to 1930, 1960, and 1970 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Year 

Total 

population 

Native population 

Foreignborn 

Total population

Native 

parentage 

Foreign or mixed parentage 

Total 

Foreign 

parentage 

Mixed parentage 

Total 

Father 

foreign 

born 

Mother 

foreign 

born 

NUMBER 

1970*.................... 203,210,158 193,590,856 169,634,926 23,955,930 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 9,619,302 

1960*.................... 179,325,675 169,587,520 145,275,233 24,312,287 14,105,139 10,207,148 6,451,715 3,755,433 9,738,155 

1930..................... 122,775,046 108,570,897 82,488,768 26,082,129 17,535,071 8,547,058 5,579,987 2,967,071 14,204,149 

1920..................... 105,710,620 91,789,928 68,994,682 22,795,246 15,764,366 7,030,880 4,564,295 2,466,585 13,920,692 

1910..................... 91,972,266 78,456,380 59,491,427 18,964,953 12,949,181 6,015,772 3,946,435 2,069,337 13,515,886 

1900..................... 75,994,575 65,653,299 49,956,178 15,697,121 10,650,802 5,046,319 3,368,228 1,678,091 10,341,276 

1890 1

 .................. 

PERCENT

 DISTRIBUTION 

62,622,250 53,372,703 41,840,305 11,532,398 8,113,742 3,418,656 2,378,729 1,039,927 9,249,547 

1970*.................... 100.0 95.3 83.5 11.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 4.7 

1960*.................... 100.0 94.6 81.0 13.6 7.9 5.7 3.6 2.1 5.4 

1930..................... 100.0 88.4 67.2 21.2 14.3 7.0 4.5 2.4 11.6 

1920..................... 100.0 86.8 65.3 21.6 14.9 6.7 4.3 2.3 13.2 

1910..................... 100.0 85.3 64.7 20.6 14.1 6.5 4.3 2.2 14.7 

1900..................... 100.0 86.4 65.7 20.7 14.0 6.6 4.4 2.2 13.6 

1890 1

 .................. 100.0 85.2 66.8 18.4 13.0 5.5 3.8 1.7 14.8 

Year 

Total 

population 

Native 

stock 

Foreign 

stock 

NUMBER 

1970*.................... 203,210,158 169,634,926 33,575,232 

1960*.................... 179,325,675 145,275,233 34,050,442 

1930..................... 122,775,046 82,488,768 40,286,278 

1920..................... 105,710,620 68,994,682 36,715,938 

1910..................... 91,972,266 59,491,427 32,480,839 

1900..................... 75,994,575 49,956,178 26,038,397 

1890 1

 .................. 

PERCENT

 DISTRIBUTION 

62,622,250 41,840,305 20,781,945 

1970*.................... 100.0 83.5 16.5 

1960*.................... 100.0 81.0 19.0 

1930..................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 

1920..................... 100.0 65.3 34.7 

1910..................... 100.0 64.7 35.3 

1900..................... 100.0 65.7 34.3 

1890 1

 .................. 100.0 66.8 33.2 

* Indicates sample data.
 

(NA) Not available.
 1

 See text for Table 13 regarding data for 1890.
 

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Table 14. Nativity of the Population, for Regions, Divisions, and States: 1850 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Region, division, and state 

2000* 1990* 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent Number Percent

 United States................ 

REGION AND DIVISION 

281,421,906 250,314,017 31,107,889 11.1 248,709,873 228,942,557 19,767,316 7.9 

Northeast...................................... 53,594,378 46,365,310 7,229,068 13.5 50,809,229 45,578,205 5,231,024 10.3

 New England............................ 13,922,517 12,546,200 1,376,317 9.9 13,206,943 12,163,706 1,043,237 7.9

 Middle Atlantic.......................... 39,671,861 33,819,110 5,852,751 14.8 37,602,286 33,414,499 4,187,787 11.1 

Midwest........................................ 64,392,776 60,882,839 3,509,937 5.5 59,668,632 57,537,339 2,131,293 3.6

 East North Central.................... 45,155,037 42,382,826 2,772,211 6.1 42,008,942 40,225,794 1,783,148 4.2

 West North Central................... 19,237,739 18,500,013 737,726 3.8 17,659,690 17,311,545 348,145 2.0 

South............................................ 100,236,820 91,628,379 8,608,441 8.6 85,445,930 80,863,637 4,582,293 5.4

 South Atlantic........................... 51,769,160 46,748,638 5,020,522 9.7 43,566,853 40,843,908 2,722,945 6.3

 East South Central................... 17,022,810 16,655,855 366,955 2.2 15,176,284 15,019,135 157,149 1.0

 West South Central.................. 31,444,850 28,223,886 3,220,964 10.2 26,702,793 25,000,594 1,702,199 6.4 

West.............................................. 63,197,932 51,437,489 11,760,443 18.6 52,786,082 44,963,376 7,822,706 14.8

 Mountain................................... 18,172,295 16,429,665 1,742,630 9.6 13,658,776 12,943,864 714,912 5.2

 Pacific....................................... 

STATE 

New England

45,025,637 35,007,824 10,017,813 22.2 39,127,306 32,019,512 7,107,794 18.2 

Maine........................................ 1,274,923 1,238,232 36,691 2.9 1,227,928 1,191,632 36,296 3.0

 New Hampshire........................ 1,235,786 1,181,632 54,154 4.4 1,109,252 1,068,059 41,193 3.7

 Vermont.................................... 608,827 585,582 23,245 3.8 562,758 545,214 17,544 3.1

 Massachusetts.......................... 6,349,097 5,576,114 772,983 12.2 6,016,425 5,442,692 573,733 9.5

 Rhode Island............................ 1,048,319 929,042 119,277 11.4 1,003,464 908,376 95,088 9.5

 Connecticut............................... 

Middle Atlantic

3,405,565 3,035,598 369,967 10.9 3,287,116 3,007,733 279,383 8.5 

New York.................................. 18,976,457 15,108,324 3,868,133 20.4 17,990,455 15,138,594 2,851,861 15.9

 New Jersey............................... 8,414,350 6,938,023 1,476,327 17.5 7,730,188 6,763,578 966,610 12.5

 Pennsylvania............................ 

East North Central

12,281,054 11,772,763 508,291 4.1 11,881,643 11,512,327 369,316 3.1 

Ohio.......................................... 11,353,140 11,013,861 339,279 3.0 10,847,115 10,587,442 259,673 2.4

 Indiana...................................... 6,080,485 5,893,951 186,534 3.1 5,544,159 5,449,896 94,263 1.7

 Illinois........................................ 12,419,293 10,890,235 1,529,058 12.3 11,430,602 10,478,330 952,272 8.3

 Michigan................................... 9,938,444 9,414,855 523,589 5.3 9,295,297 8,939,904 355,393 3.8

 Wisconsin................................. 

West North Central

5,363,675 5,169,924 193,751 3.6 4,891,769 4,770,222 121,547 2.5 

Minnesota................................. 4,919,479 4,659,016 260,463 5.3 4,375,099 4,262,060 113,039 2.6

 Iowa.......................................... 2,926,324 2,835,239 91,085 3.1 2,776,755 2,733,439 43,316 1.6

 Missouri.................................... 5,595,211 5,444,015 151,196 2.7 5,117,073 5,033,440 83,633 1.6

 North Dakota............................ 642,200 630,086 12,114 1.9 638,800 629,412 9,388 1.5

 South Dakota............................ 754,844 741,349 13,495 1.8 696,004 688,273 7,731 1.1

 Nebraska.................................. 1,711,263 1,636,625 74,638 4.4 1,578,385 1,550,187 28,198 1.8

 Kansas...................................... 

South Atlantic

2,688,418 2,553,683 134,735 5.0 2,477,574 2,414,734 62,840 2.5 

Delaware.................................. 783,600 738,702 44,898 5.7 666,168 643,893 22,275 3.3

 Maryland................................... 5,296,486 4,778,171 518,315 9.8 4,781,468 4,467,974 313,494 6.6

 District of Columbia.................. 572,059 498,498 73,561 12.9 606,900 548,013 58,887 9.7

 Virginia...................................... 7,078,515 6,508,236 570,279 8.1 6,187,358 5,875,549 311,809 5.0

 West Virginia............................ 1,808,344 1,788,954 19,390 1.1 1,793,477 1,777,765 15,712 0.9

 North Carolina.......................... 8,049,313 7,619,313 430,000 5.3 6,628,637 6,513,560 115,077 1.7

 South Carolina.......................... 4,012,012 3,896,034 115,978 2.9 3,486,703 3,436,739 49,964 1.4

 Georgia..................................... 8,186,453 7,609,180 577,273 7.1 6,478,216 6,305,090 173,126 2.7

 Florida....................................... 

East South Central

15,982,378 13,311,550 2,670,828 16.7 12,937,926 11,275,325 1,662,601 12.9 

Kentucky................................... 4,041,769 3,961,498 80,271 2.0 3,685,296 3,651,177 34,119 0.9

 Tennessee................................ 5,689,283 5,530,279 159,004 2.8 4,877,185 4,818,071 59,114 1.2

 Alabama................................... 4,447,100 4,359,328 87,772 2.0 4,040,587 3,997,054 43,533 1.1

 Mississippi................................ 

West South Central

2,844,658 2,804,750 39,908 1.4 2,573,216 2,552,833 20,383 0.8 

Arkansas................................... 2,673,400 2,599,710 73,690 2.8 2,350,725 2,325,858 24,867 1.1

 Louisiana.................................. 4,468,976 4,353,091 115,885 2.6 4,219,973 4,132,566 87,407 2.1

 Oklahoma................................. 3,450,654 3,318,907 131,747 3.8 3,145,585 3,080,096 65,489 2.1

 Texas........................................ 

Mountain 

20,851,820 17,952,178 2,899,642 13.9 16,986,510 15,462,074 1,524,436 9.0 
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 Montana.................................... 902,195 885,799 16,396 1.8 799,065 785,286 13,779 1.7

 Idaho......................................... 1,293,953 1,229,873 64,080 5.0 1,006,749 977,844 28,905 2.9

 Wyoming................................... 493,782 482,577 11,205 2.3 453,588 445,941 7,647 1.7

 Colorado................................... 4,301,261 3,931,358 369,903 8.6 3,294,394 3,151,960 142,434 4.3

 New Mexico.............................. 1,819,046 1,669,440 149,606 8.2 1,515,069 1,434,555 80,514 5.3

 Arizona..................................... 5,130,632 4,474,449 656,183 12.8 3,665,228 3,387,023 278,205 7.6

 Utah.......................................... 2,233,169 2,074,505 158,664 7.1 1,722,850 1,664,250 58,600 3.4

 Nevada..................................... 1,998,257 1,681,664 316,593 15.8 1,201,833 1,097,005 104,828 8.7 

Pacific

 Washington............................... 5,894,121 5,279,664 614,457 10.4 4,866,692 4,544,548 322,144 6.6

 Oregon...................................... 3,421,399 3,131,697 289,702 8.5 2,842,321 2,703,014 139,307 4.9

 California.................................. 33,871,648 25,007,393 8,864,255 26.2 29,760,021 23,301,196 6,458,825 21.7

 Alaska....................................... 626,932 589,762 37,170 5.9 550,043 525,229 24,814 4.5

 Hawaii....................................... 1,211,537 999,308 212,229 17.5 1,108,229 945,525 162,704 14.7 

1980* 1970* 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Region, division, and state Total Native Number Percent Total Native Number Percent

 United States................ 226,545,805 212,465,899 14,079,906 6.2 203,210,158 193,590,856 9,619,302 4.7 

REGION AND DIVISION 

Northeast...................................... 49,135,283 44,629,360 4,505,923 9.2 49,044,015 44,924,334 4,119,681 8.4

 New England............................ 12,348,493 11,390,346 958,147 7.8 11,845,126 10,915,934 929,192 7.8

 Middle Atlantic.......................... 36,786,790 33,239,014 3,547,776 9.6 37,198,889 34,008,400 3,190,489 8.6 

Midwest........................................ 58,865,670 56,751,480 2,114,190 3.6 56,564,917 54,691,356 1,873,561 3.3

 East North Central.................... 41,682,217 39,912,085 1,770,132 4.2 40,246,817 38,663,247 1,583,570 3.9

 West North Central................... 17,183,453 16,839,395 344,058 2.0 16,318,100 16,028,109 289,991 1.8 

South............................................ 75,372,362 72,477,605 2,894,757 3.8 62,792,882 61,476,677 1,316,205 2.1

 South Atlantic........................... 36,959,123 35,230,206 1,728,917 4.7 30,671,188 29,792,434 878,754 2.9

 East South Central................... 14,666,423 14,520,963 145,460 1.0 12,803,421 12,743,731 59,690 0.5

 West South Central.................. 23,746,816 22,726,436 1,020,380 4.3 19,318,273 18,940,512 377,761 2.0 

West.............................................. 43,172,490 38,607,454 4,565,036 10.6 34,808,344 32,498,489 2,309,855 6.6

 Mountain................................... 11,372,785 10,887,879 484,906 4.3 8,281,553 8,035,215 246,338 3.0

 Pacific....................................... 

STATE 

New England

31,799,705 27,719,575 4,080,130 12.8 26,526,791 24,463,274 2,063,517 7.8 

Maine........................................ 1,124,660 1,081,258 43,402 3.9 993,663 950,649 43,014 4.3

 New Hampshire........................ 920,610 879,649 40,961 4.4 737,681 700,633 37,048 5.0

 Vermont.................................... 511,456 490,461 20,995 4.1 444,330 425,848 18,482 4.2

 Massachusetts.......................... 5,737,037 5,236,055 500,982 8.7 5,688,903 5,194,243 494,660 8.7

 Rhode Island............................ 947,154 863,153 84,001 8.9 948,844 874,470 74,374 7.8

 Connecticut............................... 

Middle Atlantic

3,107,576 2,839,770 267,806 8.6 3,031,705 2,770,091 261,614 8.6 

New York.................................. 17,558,072 15,169,134 2,388,938 13.6 18,236,882 16,127,106 2,109,776 11.6

 New Jersey............................... 7,364,823 6,607,001 757,822 10.3 7,168,143 6,533,325 634,818 8.9

 Pennsylvania............................ 

East North Central

11,863,895 11,462,879 401,016 3.4 11,793,864 11,347,969 445,895 3.8 

Ohio.......................................... 10,797,630 10,495,445 302,185 2.8 10,650,903 10,334,407 316,496 3.0

 Indiana...................................... 5,490,224 5,388,422 101,802 1.9 5,193,665 5,110,467 83,198 1.6

 Illinois........................................ 11,426,518 10,602,822 823,696 7.2 11,109,450 10,480,552 628,898 5.7

 Michigan................................... 9,262,078 8,844,926 417,152 4.5 8,875,068 8,450,759 424,309 4.8

 Wisconsin................................. 

West North Central

4,705,767 4,580,470 125,297 2.7 4,417,731 4,287,062 130,669 3.0 

Minnesota................................. 4,075,970 3,968,496 107,474 2.6 3,804,971 3,706,915 98,056 2.6

 Iowa.......................................... 2,913,808 2,866,149 47,659 1.6 2,824,376 2,784,159 40,217 1.4

 Missouri.................................... 4,916,686 4,831,070 85,616 1.7 4,676,495 4,610,751 65,744 1.4

 North Dakota............................ 652,717 637,899 14,818 2.3 617,761 599,324 18,437 3.0

 South Dakota............................ 690,768 681,169 9,599 1.4 665,507 654,608 10,899 1.6

 Nebraska.................................. 1,569,825 1,538,824 31,001 2.0 1,482,412 1,453,616 28,796 1.9

 Kansas...................................... 

South Atlantic

2,363,679 2,315,788 47,891 2.0 2,246,578 2,218,736 27,842 1.2 

Delaware.................................. 594,338 575,509 18,829 3.2 548,093 532,445 15,648 2.9

 Maryland................................... 4,216,975 4,021,394 195,581 4.6 3,922,391 3,798,046 124,345 3.2

 District of Columbia.................. 638,333 597,774 40,559 6.4 756,492 722,930 33,562 4.4

 Virginia...................................... 5,346,818 5,169,500 177,318 3.3 4,648,479 4,576,198 72,281 1.6

 West Virginia............................ 1,949,644 1,927,664 21,980 1.1 1,744,236 1,727,574 16,662 1.0

 North Carolina.......................... 5,881,766 5,803,408 78,358 1.3 5,082,036 5,053,416 28,620 0.6

 South Carolina.......................... 3,121,820 3,075,740 46,080 1.5 2,590,509 2,576,145 14,364 0.6

 Georgia..................................... 5,463,105 5,371,625 91,480 1.7 4,589,569 4,556,581 32,988 0.7

 Florida....................................... 9,746,324 8,687,592 1,058,732 10.9 6,789,383 6,249,099 540,284 8.0 
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East South Central

 Kentucky................................... 3,660,777 3,626,215 34,562 0.9 3,218,697 3,202,144 16,553 0.5

 Tennessee................................ 4,591,120 4,542,751 48,369 1.1 3,923,726 3,904,702 19,024 0.5

 Alabama................................... 3,893,888 3,854,886 39,002 1.0 3,444,148 3,428,160 15,988 0.5

 Mississippi................................ 2,520,638 2,497,111 23,527 0.9 2,216,850 2,208,725 8,125 0.4 

West South Central

 Arkansas................................... 2,286,435 2,264,064 22,371 1.0 1,923,240 1,914,953 8,287 0.4

 Louisiana.................................. 4,205,900 4,120,398 85,502 2.0 3,640,442 3,600,900 39,542 1.1

 Oklahoma................................. 3,025,290 2,968,996 56,294 1.9 2,559,175 2,539,015 20,160 0.8

 Texas........................................ 14,229,191 13,372,978 856,213 6.0 11,195,416 10,885,644 309,772 2.8 

Mountain

 Montana.................................... 786,690 768,371 18,319 2.3 694,409 674,775 19,634 2.8

 Idaho......................................... 943,935 920,531 23,404 2.5 712,567 699,995 12,572 1.8

 Wyoming................................... 469,557 459,950 9,607 2.0 332,416 325,427 6,989 2.1

 Colorado................................... 2,889,964 2,775,834 114,130 3.9 2,207,259 2,146,948 60,311 2.7

 New Mexico.............................. 1,302,894 1,250,489 52,405 4.0 1,015,998 993,488 22,510 2.2

 Arizona..................................... 2,718,215 2,555,409 162,806 6.0 1,770,893 1,694,323 76,570 4.3

 Utah.......................................... 1,461,037 1,410,586 50,451 3.5 1,059,273 1,029,700 29,573 2.8

 Nevada..................................... 800,493 746,709 53,784 6.7 488,738 470,559 18,179 3.7 

Pacific

 Washington............................... 4,132,156 3,893,096 239,060 5.8 3,409,161 3,253,141 156,020 4.6

 Oregon...................................... 2,633,105 2,525,300 107,805 4.1 2,091,385 2,025,236 66,149 3.2

 California.................................. 23,667,902 20,087,869 3,580,033 15.1 19,957,304 18,199,314 1,757,990 8.8

 Alaska....................................... 401,851 385,635 16,216 4.0 300,382 292,619 7,763 2.6

 Hawaii....................................... 964,691 827,675 137,016 14.2 768,559 692,964 75,595 9.8 

1960* 1950* 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Region, division, and state Total Native Number Percent Total Native Number Percent

 United States................ 

REGION AND DIVISION 

179,325,671 169,587,528 9,738,143 5.4 150,216,110 139,868,715 10,347,395 6.9 

Northeast...................................... 44,681,702 40,106,959 4,574,743 10.2 39,341,610 34,054,445 5,287,165 13.4

 New England............................ 10,510,106 9,443,646 1,066,460 10.1 9,269,755 7,978,740 1,291,015 13.9

 Middle Atlantic.......................... 34,171,596 30,663,313 3,508,283 10.3 30,071,855 26,075,705 3,996,150 13.3 

Midwest........................................ 51,623,773 49,346,814 2,276,959 4.4 44,281,175 41,573,785 2,707,390 6.1

 East North Central.................... 36,228,690 34,351,633 1,877,057 5.2 30,269,515 28,122,685 2,146,830 7.1

 West North Central................... 15,395,083 14,995,181 399,902 2.6 14,011,660 13,451,100 560,560 4.0 

South............................................ 54,963,470 54,000,550 962,920 1.8 47,085,880 46,318,560 767,320 1.6

 South Atlantic........................... 25,960,258 25,409,832 550,426 2.1 21,130,905 20,750,510 380,395 1.8

 East South Central................... 12,050,126 11,994,440 55,686 0.5 11,456,570 11,404,600 51,970 0.5

 West South Central.................. 16,953,086 16,596,278 356,808 2.1 14,498,405 14,163,450 334,955 2.3 

West.............................................. 28,056,726 26,133,205 1,923,521 6.9 19,507,445 17,921,925 1,585,520 8.1

 Mountain................................... 6,855,038 6,602,314 252,724 3.7 5,058,470 4,814,730 243,740 4.8

 Pacific....................................... 

STATE 

New England

21,201,688 19,530,891 1,670,797 7.9 14,448,975 13,107,195 1,341,780 9.3 

Maine........................................ 969,265 908,862 60,403 6.2 908,850 834,375 74,475 8.2

 New Hampshire........................ 606,921 562,149 44,772 7.4 529,330 471,855 57,475 10.9

 Vermont.................................... 389,881 366,545 23,336 6.0 375,335 346,935 28,400 7.6

 Massachusetts.......................... 5,149,317 4,572,865 576,452 11.2 4,672,020 3,950,790 721,230 15.4

 Rhode Island............................ 859,488 773,514 85,974 10.0 788,170 674,775 113,395 14.4

 Connecticut............................... 

Middle Atlantic

2,535,234 2,259,711 275,523 10.9 1,996,050 1,700,010 296,040 14.8 

New York.................................. 16,783,604 14,494,290 2,289,314 13.6 14,788,960 12,211,855 2,577,105 17.4

 New Jersey............................... 6,067,412 5,451,933 615,479 10.1 4,816,435 4,181,355 635,080 13.2

 Pennsylvania............................ 

East North Central

11,320,580 10,717,090 603,490 5.3 10,466,460 9,682,495 783,965 7.5 

Ohio.......................................... 9,707,136 9,310,522 396,614 4.1 7,908,250 7,467,775 440,475 5.6

 Indiana...................................... 4,662,451 4,569,249 93,202 2.0 3,917,640 3,818,365 99,275 2.5

 Illinois........................................ 10,081,653 9,395,555 686,098 6.8 8,680,600 7,894,310 786,290 9.1

 Michigan................................... 7,824,965 7,295,341 529,624 6.8 6,342,590 5,738,765 603,825 9.5

 Wisconsin................................. 

West North Central

3,952,485 3,780,966 171,519 4.3 3,420,435 3,203,470 216,965 6.3 

Minnesota................................. 3,413,864 3,269,986 143,878 4.2 2,972,150 2,761,580 210,570 7.1

 Iowa.......................................... 2,757,537 2,701,259 56,278 2.0 2,611,540 2,527,570 83,970 3.2

 Missouri.................................... 4,320,774 4,243,018 77,756 1.8 3,943,310 3,851,890 91,420 2.3

 North Dakota............................ 632,446 602,539 29,907 4.7 617,705 569,500 48,205 7.8

 South Dakota............................ 680,514 661,937 18,577 2.7 649,710 619,000 30,710 4.7

 Nebraska.................................. 1,411,330 1,371,092 40,238 2.9 1,319,015 1,261,415 57,600 4.4

 Kansas...................................... 2,178,618 2,145,350 33,268 1.5 1,898,230 1,860,145 38,085 2.0 
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South Atlantic

 Delaware.................................. 446,292 431,642 14,650 3.3 315,735 302,680 13,055 4.1

 Maryland................................... 3,100,687 3,006,509 94,178 3.0 2,333,245 2,248,080 85,165 3.7

 District of Columbia.................. 763,956 724,985 38,971 5.1 800,830 758,090 42,740 5.3

 Virginia...................................... 3,954,429 3,906,244 48,185 1.2 3,312,565 3,276,875 35,690 1.1

 West Virginia............................ 1,860,421 1,836,558 23,863 1.3 1,999,835 1,965,925 33,910 1.7

 North Carolina.......................... 4,556,155 4,534,177 21,978 0.5 4,052,795 4,037,545 15,250 0.4

 South Carolina.......................... 2,382,594 2,371,454 11,140 0.5 2,114,355 2,107,235 7,120 0.3

 Georgia..................................... 3,942,936 3,917,636 25,300 0.6 3,438,680 3,422,280 16,400 0.5

 Florida....................................... 

East South Central

4,952,788 4,680,627 272,161 5.5 2,762,865 2,631,800 131,065 4.7 

Kentucky................................... 3,038,156 3,021,326 16,830 0.6 2,936,630 2,921,105 15,525 0.5

 Tennessee................................ 3,567,089 3,551,246 15,843 0.4 3,286,285 3,271,980 14,305 0.4

 Alabama................................... 3,266,740 3,251,785 14,955 0.5 3,056,210 3,042,805 13,405 0.4

 Mississippi................................ 

West South Central

2,178,141 2,170,083 8,058 0.4 2,177,445 2,168,710 8,735 0.4 

Arkansas................................... 1,786,272 1,778,815 7,457 0.4 1,905,705 1,896,210 9,495 0.5

 Louisiana.................................. 3,257,022 3,226,465 30,557 0.9 2,677,370 2,647,695 29,675 1.1

 Oklahoma................................. 2,328,284 2,308,281 20,003 0.9 2,229,665 2,211,395 18,270 0.8

 Texas........................................ 

Mountain

9,581,508 9,282,717 298,791 3.1 7,685,665 7,408,150 277,515 3.6 

Montana.................................... 674,767 644,121 30,646 4.5 587,940 544,555 43,385 7.4

 Idaho......................................... 667,191 651,649 15,542 2.3 587,440 567,595 19,845 3.4

 Wyoming................................... 330,066 320,403 9,663 2.9 289,315 275,925 13,390 4.6

 Colorado................................... 1,753,925 1,694,044 59,881 3.4 1,320,905 1,260,340 60,565 4.6

 New Mexico.............................. 951,023 929,615 21,408 2.3 679,425 661,990 17,435 2.6

 Arizona..................................... 1,302,161 1,231,843 70,318 5.4 746,655 699,280 47,375 6.3

 Utah.......................................... 890,627 858,494 32,133 3.6 687,400 656,375 31,025 4.5

 Nevada..................................... 

Pacific

285,278 272,145 13,133 4.6 159,390 148,670 10,720 6.7 

Washington............................... 2,853,214 2,674,556 178,658 6.3 2,373,870 2,177,340 196,530 8.3

 Oregon...................................... 1,768,675 1,697,361 71,314 4.0 1,516,180 1,431,305 84,875 5.6

 California.................................. 15,720,860 14,377,162 1,343,698 8.5 10,558,925 9,498,550 1,060,375 10.0

 Alaska....................................... 226,167 217,940 8,227 3.6 (X) (X) (X) (X)

 Hawaii....................................... 632,772 563,872 68,900 10.9 (X) (X) (X) (X) 

1940 1930 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Region, division, and state Total Native Number Percent Total Native Number Percent

 United States................ 

REGION AND DIVISION 

131,669,275 120,074,379 11,594,896 8.8 122,775,046 108,570,897 14,204,149 11.6 

Northeast...................................... 35,976,777 29,874,231 6,102,546 17.0 34,427,091 27,225,417 7,201,674 20.9

 New England............................ 8,437,290 6,927,318 1,509,972 17.9 8,166,341 6,317,398 1,848,943 22.6

 Middle Atlantic.......................... 27,539,487 22,946,913 4,592,574 16.7 26,260,750 20,908,019 5,352,731 20.4 

Midwest........................................ 40,143,332 36,784,366 3,358,966 8.4 38,594,100 34,234,224 4,359,876 11.3

 East North Central.................... 26,626,342 24,046,979 2,579,363 9.7 25,297,185 22,021,462 3,275,723 12.9

 West North Central................... 13,516,990 12,737,387 779,603 5.8 13,296,915 12,212,762 1,084,153 8.2 

South............................................ 41,665,901 41,026,113 639,788 1.5 37,857,633 37,039,019 818,614 2.2

 South Atlantic........................... 17,823,151 17,521,183 301,968 1.7 15,793,589 15,474,892 318,697 2.0

 East South Central................... 10,778,225 10,732,377 45,848 0.4 9,887,214 9,827,850 59,364 0.6

 West South Central.................. 13,064,525 12,772,553 291,972 2.2 12,176,830 11,736,277 440,553 3.6 

West.............................................. 13,883,265 12,389,669 1,493,596 10.8 11,896,222 10,072,237 1,823,985 15.3

 Mountain................................... 4,150,003 3,881,844 268,159 6.5 3,701,789 3,317,466 384,323 10.4

 Pacific....................................... 

STATE 

New England

9,733,262 8,507,825 1,225,437 12.6 8,194,433 6,754,771 1,439,662 17.6 

Maine........................................ 847,226 763,233 83,993 9.9 797,423 696,695 100,728 12.6

 New Hampshire........................ 491,524 423,131 68,393 13.9 465,293 382,364 82,929 17.8

 Vermont.................................... 359,231 327,478 31,753 8.8 359,611 316,510 43,101 12.0

 Massachusetts.......................... 4,316,721 3,459,063 857,658 19.9 4,249,614 3,183,994 1,065,620 25.1

 Rhode Island............................ 713,346 574,468 138,878 19.5 687,497 515,568 171,929 25.0

 Connecticut............................... 

Middle Atlantic

1,709,242 1,379,945 329,297 19.3 1,606,903 1,222,267 384,636 23.9 

New York.................................. 13,479,142 10,562,497 2,916,645 21.6 12,588,066 9,325,788 3,262,278 25.9

 New Jersey............................... 4,160,165 3,460,809 699,356 16.8 4,041,334 3,191,296 850,038 21.0

 Pennsylvania............................ 

East North Central

9,900,180 8,923,607 976,573 9.9 9,631,350 8,390,935 1,240,415 12.9 

Ohio.......................................... 6,907,612 6,386,839 520,773 7.5 6,646,697 5,997,477 649,220 9.8

 Indiana...................................... 3,427,796 3,316,804 110,992 3.2 3,238,503 3,095,504 142,999 4.4

 Illinois........................................ 7,897,241 6,924,846 972,395 12.3 7,630,654 6,388,207 1,242,447 16.3 
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. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

 Michigan................................... 

Wisconsin................................. 

West North Central

 Minnesota................................. 

Iowa.......................................... 

Missouri.................................... 

North Dakota............................ 

South Dakota............................ 

Nebraska.................................. 

Kansas...................................... 

South Atlantic

 Delaware.................................. 

Maryland................................... 

District of Columbia.................. 

Virginia...................................... 

West Virginia............................ 

North Carolina.......................... 

South Carolina.......................... 

Georgia..................................... 

Florida....................................... 

East South Central

 Kentucky................................... 

Tennessee................................ 

Alabama................................... 

Mississippi................................ 

West South Central

 Arkansas................................... 

Louisiana.................................. 

Oklahoma................................. 

Texas........................................ 

Mountain

 Montana.................................... 

Idaho......................................... 

Wyoming................................... 

Colorado................................... 

New Mexico.............................. 

Arizona..................................... 

Utah.......................................... 

Nevada..................................... 

Pacific

 Washington............................... 

Oregon...................................... 

California.................................. 

Alaska....................................... 

Hawaii....................................... 

5,256,106 

3,137,587 

2,792,300 

2,538,268 

3,784,664 

641,935 

642,961 

1,315,834 

1,801,028 

266,505 

1,821,244 

663,091 

2,677,773 

1,901,974 

3,571,623 

1,899,804 

3,123,723 

1,897,414 

2,845,627 

2,915,841 

2,832,961 

2,183,796 

1,949,387 

2,363,880 

2,336,434 

6,414,824 

559,456 

524,873 

250,742 

1,123,296 

531,818 

499,261 

550,310 

110,247 

1,736,191 

1,089,684 

6,907,387 

(X) 

(X) 

4,569,921 

2,848,569 

2,496,927 

2,420,903 

3,670,131 

567,458 

598,837 

1,233,733 

1,749,398 

251,592 

1,738,653 

628,175 

2,654,335 

1,860,075 

3,562,411 

1,894,825 

3,111,542 

1,819,575 

2,829,883 

2,904,373 

2,820,797 

2,177,324 

1,941,461 

2,335,907 

2,315,889 

6,179,296 

503,092 

500,161 

233,635 

1,051,732 

516,416 

460,568 

517,034 

99,206 

1,525,812 

999,491 

5,982,522 

(X) 

(X) 

686,185 

289,018 

295,373 

117,365 

114,533 

74,477 

44,124 

82,101 

51,630 

14,913 

82,591 

34,916 

23,438 

41,899 

9,212 

4,979 

12,181 

77,839 

15,744 

11,468 

12,164 

6,472 

7,926 

27,973 

20,545 

235,528 

56,364 

24,712 

17,107 

71,564 

15,402 

38,693 

33,276 

11,041 

210,379 

90,193 

924,865 

(X) 

(X) 

13.1 

9.2 

10.6 

4.6 

3.0 

11.6 

6.9 

6.2 

2.9 

5.6 

4.5 

5.3 

0.9 

2.2 

0.3 

0.3 

0.4 

4.1 

0.6 

0.4 

0.4 

0.3 

0.4 

1.2 

0.9 

3.7 

10.1 

4.7 

6.8 

6.4 

2.9 

7.8 

6.0 

10.0 

12.1 

8.3 

13.4 

(X) 

(X) 

4,842,325 

2,939,006 

2,563,953 

2,470,939 

3,629,367 

680,845 

692,849 

1,377,963 

1,880,999 

238,380 

1,631,526 

486,869 

2,421,851 

1,729,205 

3,170,276 

1,738,765 

2,908,506 

1,468,211 

2,614,589 

2,616,556 

2,646,248 

2,009,821 

1,854,482 

2,101,593 

2,396,040 

5,824,715 

537,606 

445,032 

225,565 

1,035,791 

423,317 

435,573 

507,847 

91,058 

1,563,396 

953,786 

5,677,251 

(X) 

(X) 

3,989,567 

2,550,707 

2,173,163 

2,302,689 

3,476,282 

574,974 

626,788 

1,258,764 

1,800,102 

221,355 

1,535,196 

456,136 

2,397,484 

1,677,340 

3,161,307 

1,733,407 

2,894,203 

1,398,464 

2,592,582 

2,603,305 

2,630,187 

2,001,776 

1,843,850 

2,064,517 

2,365,482 

5,462,428 

461,703 

412,748 

202,222 

935,916 

399,265 

369,817 

459,832 

75,963 

1,308,138 

843,346 

4,603,287 

(X) 

(X) 

852,758 

388,299 

390,790 

168,250 

153,085 

105,871 

66,061 

119,199 

80,897 

17,025 

96,330 

30,733 

24,367 

51,865 

8,969 

5,358 

14,303 

69,747 

22,007 

13,251 

16,061 

8,045 

10,632 

37,076 

30,558 

362,287 

75,903 

32,284 

23,343 

99,875 

24,052 

65,756 

48,015 

15,095 

255,258 

110,440 

1,073,964 

(X) 

(X) 

17.6

13.2 

15.2

6.8

4.2

15.5

9.5

8.7

4.3 

7.1

5.9

6.3

1.0

3.0

0.3

0.3

0.5

4.8 

0.8

0.5

0.6

0.4 

0.6

1.8

1.3

6.2 

14.1

7.3

10.3

9.6

5.7

15.1

9.5

16.6 

16.3

11.6

18.9

(X)

(X) 

Region, division, and state 

1920 1910 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent Number Percent

 United States................ 105,710,620 91,789,928 13,920,692 13.2 91,972,266 78,456,380 13,515,886 14.7 

REGION AND DIVISION 

Northeast...................................... 29,662,053 22,815,690 6,846,363 23.1 25,868,573 19,192,290 6,676,283 25.8

 New England............................ 7,400,909 5,514,964 1,885,945 25.5 6,552,681 4,727,571 1,825,110 27.9

 Middle Atlantic.......................... 22,261,144 17,300,726 4,960,418 22.3 19,315,892 14,464,719 4,851,173 25.1 

Midwest........................................ 34,019,792 29,411,998 4,607,794 13.5 29,888,542 25,198,081 4,690,461 15.7

 East North Central.................... 21,475,543 18,243,402 3,232,141 15.1 18,250,621 15,176,855 3,073,766 16.8

 West North Central................... 12,544,249 11,168,596 1,375,653 11.0 11,637,921 10,021,226 1,616,695 13.9 

South............................................ 33,125,803 32,257,449 868,354 2.6 29,389,330 28,649,319 740,011 2.5

 South Atlantic........................... 13,990,272 13,659,735 330,537 2.4 12,194,895 11,894,901 299,994 2.5

 East South Central................... 8,893,307 8,820,318 72,989 0.8 8,409,901 8,322,076 87,825 1.0

 West South Central.................. 10,242,224 9,777,396 464,828 4.5 8,784,534 8,432,342 352,192 4.0 

West.............................................. 8,902,972 7,304,791 1,598,181 18.0 6,825,821 5,416,690 1,409,131 20.6

 Mountain................................... 3,336,101 2,868,481 467,620 14.0 2,633,517 2,180,195 453,322 17.2

 Pacific....................................... 5,566,871 4,436,310 1,130,561 20.3 4,192,304 3,236,495 955,809 22.8 

STATE 

New England

 Maine........................................ 768,014 660,200 107,814 14.0 742,371 631,809 110,562 14.9

 New Hampshire........................ 443,083 351,686 91,397 20.6 430,572 333,905 96,667 22.5

 Vermont.................................... 352,428 307,870 44,558 12.6 355,956 306,035 49,921 14.0

 Massachusetts.......................... 3,852,356 2,763,808 1,088,548 28.3 3,366,416 2,307,171 1,059,245 31.5 
. 

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.... 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

 Rhode Island............................ 

Connecticut............................... 

Middle Atlantic

 New York.................................. 

New Jersey............................... 

Pennsylvania............................ 

East North Central

 Ohio.......................................... 

Indiana...................................... 

Illinois........................................ 

Michigan................................... 

Wisconsin................................. 

West North Central

 Minnesota................................. 

Iowa.......................................... 

Missouri.................................... 

North Dakota............................ 

South Dakota............................ 

Nebraska.................................. 

Kansas...................................... 

South Atlantic

 Delaware.................................. 

Maryland................................... 

District of Columbia.................. 

Virginia...................................... 

West Virginia............................ 

North Carolina.......................... 

South Carolina.......................... 

Georgia..................................... 

Florida....................................... 

East South Central

 Kentucky................................... 

Tennessee................................ 

Alabama................................... 

Mississippi................................ 

West South Central

 Arkansas................................... 

Louisiana.................................. 

Oklahoma................................. 

Texas........................................ 

Mountain

 Montana.................................... 

Idaho......................................... 

Wyoming................................... 

Colorado................................... 

New Mexico.............................. 

Arizona..................................... 

Utah.......................................... 

Nevada..................................... 

Pacific

 Washington............................... 

Oregon...................................... 

California.................................. 

Alaska....................................... 

Hawaii....................................... 

604,397 

1,380,631 

10,385,227 

3,155,900 

8,720,017 

5,759,394 

2,930,390 

6,485,280 

3,668,412 

2,632,067 

2,387,125 

2,404,021 

3,404,055 

646,872 

636,547 

1,296,372 

1,769,257 

223,003 

1,449,661 

437,571 

2,309,187 

1,463,701 

2,559,123 

1,683,724 

2,895,832 

968,470 

2,416,630 

2,337,885 

2,348,174 

1,790,618 

1,752,204 

1,798,509 

2,028,283 

4,663,228 

548,889 

431,866 

194,402 

939,629 

360,350 

334,162 

449,396 

77,407 

1,356,621 

783,389 

3,426,861 

(X) 

(X) 

429,208 

1,002,192 

7,559,852 

2,413,414 

7,327,460 

5,078,942 

2,779,062 

5,274,696 

2,939,120 

2,171,582 

1,900,330 

2,178,027 

3,217,220 

515,009 

554,013 

1,145,707 

1,658,290 

203,102 

1,346,482 

408,206 

2,277,482 

1,401,596 

2,551,851 

1,677,142 

2,879,268 

914,606 

2,385,724 

2,322,237 

2,330,147 

1,782,210 

1,738,067 

1,752,082 

1,987,851 

4,299,396 

453,298 

391,119 

167,835 

820,491 

330,542 

253,596 

390,196 

61,404 

1,091,329 

675,745 

2,669,236 

(X) 

(X) 

175,189 

378,439 

2,825,375 

742,486 

1,392,557 

680,452 

151,328 

1,210,584 

729,292 

460,485 

486,795 

225,994 

186,835 

131,863 

82,534 

150,665 

110,967 

19,901 

103,179 

29,365 

31,705 

62,105 

7,272 

6,582 

16,564 

53,864 

30,906 

15,648 

18,027 

8,408 

14,137 

46,427 

40,432 

363,832 

95,591 

40,747 

26,567 

119,138 

29,808 

80,566 

59,200 

16,003 

265,292 

107,644 

757,625 

(X) 

(X) 

29.0 

27.4 

27.2 

23.5 

16.0 

11.8 

5.2 

18.7 

19.9 

17.5 

20.4 

9.4 

5.5 

20.4 

13.0 

11.6 

6.3 

8.9 

7.1 

6.7 

1.4 

4.2 

0.3 

0.4 

0.6 

5.6 

1.3 

0.7 

0.8 

0.5 

0.8 

2.6 

2.0 

7.8 

17.4 

9.4 

13.7 

12.7 

8.3 

24.1 

13.2 

20.7 

19.6 

13.7 

22.1 

(X) 

(X) 

542,610 

1,114,756 

9,113,614 

2,537,167 

7,665,111 

4,767,121 

2,700,876 

5,638,591 

2,810,173 

2,333,860 

2,075,708 

2,224,771 

3,293,335 

577,056 

583,888 

1,192,214 

1,690,949 

202,322 

1,295,346 

331,069 

2,061,612 

1,221,119 

2,206,287 

1,515,400 

2,609,121 

752,619 

2,289,905 

2,184,789 

2,138,093 

1,797,114 

1,574,449 

1,656,388 

1,657,155 

3,896,542 

376,053 

325,594 

145,965 

799,024 

327,301 

204,354 

373,351 

81,875 

1,141,990 

672,765 

2,377,549 

(X) 

(X) 

363,469 

785,182 

6,365,603 

1,876,379 

6,222,737 

4,168,747 

2,541,213 

4,433,277 

2,212,623 

1,820,995 

1,532,113 

1,951,006 

3,063,556 

420,402 

483,098 

1,015,552 

1,555,499 

184,830 

1,190,402 

306,167 

2,034,555 

1,163,901 

2,200,195 

1,509,221 

2,593,644 

711,986 

2,249,743 

2,166,182 

2,118,807 

1,787,344 

1,557,403 

1,603,622 

1,616,713 

3,654,604 

281,340 

283,016 

116,945 

669,437 

304,155 

155,589 

307,529 

62,184 

885,749 

559,629 

1,791,117 

(X) 

(X) 

179,141 

329,574 

2,748,011 

660,788 

1,442,374 

598,374 

159,663 

1,205,314 

597,550 

512,865 

543,595 

273,765 

229,779 

156,654 

100,790 

176,662 

135,450 

17,492 

104,944 

24,902 

27,057 

57,218 

6,092 

6,179 

15,477 

40,633 

40,162 

18,607 

19,286 

9,770 

17,046 

52,766 

40,442 

241,938 

94,713 

42,578 

29,020 

129,587 

23,146 

48,765 

65,822 

19,691 

256,241 

113,136 

586,432 

(X) 

(X) 

33.0

29.6 

30.2

26.0

18.8 

12.6

5.9

21.4

21.3

22.0 

26.2

12.3

7.0

27.1

17.3

14.8

8.0 

8.6

8.1

7.5

1.3

4.7

0.3

0.4

0.6

5.4 

1.8

0.9

0.9

0.5 

1.1

3.2

2.4

6.2 

25.2

13.1

19.9

16.2

7.1

23.9

17.6

24.1 

22.4

16.8

24.7

(X)

(X) 

Region, division, and state 

1900 1890 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent Number Percent

 United States................ 75,994,575 65,653,299 10,341,276 13.6 62,622,250 53,372,703 9,249,547 14.8 

REGION AND DIVISION 

Northeast...................................... 21,046,695 16,283,899 4,762,796 22.6 17,401,545 13,513,368 3,888,177 22.3

 New England............................ 5,592,017 4,146,780 1,445,237 25.8 4,700,745 3,558,313 1,142,432 24.3

 Middle Atlantic.......................... 15,454,678 12,137,119 3,317,559 21.5 12,700,800 9,955,055 2,745,745 21.6 

Midwest........................................ 26,333,004 22,174,530 4,158,474 15.8 22,362,279 18,302,165 4,060,114 18.2

 East North Central.................... 15,985,581 13,360,355 2,625,226 16.4 13,471,840 10,960,916 2,510,924 18.6

 West North Central................... 10,347,423 8,814,175 1,533,248 14.8 8,890,439 7,341,249 1,549,190 17.4 

South............................................ 24,523,527 23,949,842 573,685 2.3 19,830,813 19,300,467 530,346 2.7

 South Atlantic........................... 10,443,480 10,227,450 216,030 2.1 8,857,920 8,649,395 208,525 2.4

 East South Central................... 7,547,757 7,457,189 90,568 1.2 6,428,770 6,326,656 102,114 1.6

 West South Central.................. 6,532,290 6,265,203 267,087 4.1 4,544,123 4,324,416 219,707 4.8 

West.............................................. 4,091,349 3,245,028 846,321 20.7 3,027,613 2,256,703 770,910 25.5 
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.... 

 Mountain................................... 

Pacific....................................... 

STATE 

New England

 Maine........................................ 

New Hampshire........................ 

Vermont.................................... 

Massachusetts.......................... 

Rhode Island............................ 

Connecticut............................... 

Middle Atlantic

 New York.................................. 

New Jersey............................... 

Pennsylvania............................ 

East North Central

 Ohio.......................................... 

Indiana...................................... 

Illinois........................................ 

Michigan................................... 

Wisconsin................................. 

West North Central

 Minnesota................................. 

Iowa.......................................... 

Missouri.................................... 

North Dakota............................ 

South Dakota............................ 

Nebraska.................................. 

Kansas...................................... 

South Atlantic

 Delaware.................................. 

Maryland................................... 

District of Columbia.................. 

Virginia...................................... 

West Virginia............................ 

North Carolina.......................... 

South Carolina.......................... 

Georgia..................................... 

Florida....................................... 

East South Central

 Kentucky................................... 

Tennessee................................ 

Alabama................................... 

Mississippi................................ 

West South Central

 Arkansas................................... 

Louisiana.................................. 

Oklahoma 1

 .............................. 

Texas........................................ 

Mountain

 Montana.................................... 

Idaho......................................... 

Wyoming................................... 

Colorado................................... 

New Mexico.............................. 

Arizona..................................... 

Utah.......................................... 

Nevada..................................... 

Pacific

 Washington............................... 

Oregon...................................... 

California.................................. 

Alaska....................................... 

Hawaii....................................... 

1,674,657 

2,416,692 

694,466 

411,588 

343,641 

2,805,346 

428,556 

908,420 

7,268,894 

1,883,669 

6,302,115 

4,157,545 

2,516,462 

4,821,550 

2,420,982 

2,069,042 

1,751,394 

2,231,853 

3,106,665 

319,146 

401,570 

1,066,300 

1,470,495 

184,735 

1,188,044 

278,718 

1,854,184 

958,800 

1,893,810 

1,340,316 

2,216,331 

528,542 

2,147,174 

2,020,616 

1,828,697 

1,551,270 

1,311,564 

1,381,625 

790,391 

3,048,710 

243,329 

161,772 

92,531 

539,700 

195,310 

122,931 

276,749 

42,335 

518,103 

413,536 

1,485,053 

(X) 

(X) 

1,372,688 

1,872,340 

601,136 

323,481 

298,894 

1,959,022 

294,037 

670,210 

5,368,469 

1,451,785 

5,316,865 

3,698,811 

2,374,341 

3,854,803 

1,879,329 

1,553,071 

1,246,076 

1,925,933 

2,890,286 

206,055 

313,062 

888,953 

1,343,810 

170,925 

1,094,110 

258,599 

1,834,723 

936,349 

1,889,318 

1,334,788 

2,203,928 

504,710 

2,096,925 

2,002,870 

1,814,105 

1,543,289 

1,297,275 

1,328,722 

769,853 

2,869,353 

176,262 

137,168 

75,116 

448,545 

181,685 

98,698 

222,972 

32,242 

406,739 

347,788 

1,117,813 

(X) 

(X) 

301,969 

544,352 

93,330 

88,107 

44,747 

846,324 

134,519 

238,210 

1,900,425 

431,884 

985,250 

458,734 

142,121 

966,747 

541,653 

515,971 

505,318 

305,920 

216,379 

113,091 

88,508 

177,347 

126,685 

13,810 

93,934 

20,119 

19,461 

22,451 

4,492 

5,528 

12,403 

23,832 

50,249 

17,746 

14,592 

7,981 

14,289 

52,903 

20,538 

179,357 

67,067 

24,604 

17,415 

91,155 

13,625 

24,233 

53,777 

10,093 

111,364 

65,748 

367,240 

(X) 

(X) 

18.0 

22.5 

13.4 

21.4 

13.0 

30.2 

31.4 

26.2 

26.1 

22.9 

15.6 

11.0 

5.6 

20.1 

22.4 

24.9 

28.9 

13.7 

7.0 

35.4 

22.0 

16.6 

8.6 

7.5 

7.9 

7.2 

1.0 

2.3 

0.2 

0.4 

0.6 

4.5 

2.3 

0.9 

0.8 

0.5 

1.1 

3.8 

2.6 

5.9 

27.6 

15.2 

18.8 

16.9 

7.0 

19.7 

19.4 

23.8 

21.5 

15.9 

24.7 

(X) 

(X) 

1,156,326 

1,871,287 

661,086 

376,530 

332,422 

2,238,943 

345,506 

746,258 

5,997,853 

1,444,933 

5,258,014 

3,672,316 

2,192,404 

3,826,351 

2,093,889 

1,686,880 

1,301,826 

1,911,896 

2,679,184 

182,719 

328,808 

1,058,910 

1,427,096 

168,493 

1,042,390 

230,392 

1,655,980 

762,794 

1,617,947 

1,151,149 

1,837,353 

391,422 

1,858,635 

1,767,518 

1,513,017 

1,289,600 

1,128,179 

1,118,587 

61,834 

2,235,523 

132,159 

84,385 

60,705 

412,198 

153,593 

59,620 

207,905 

45,761 

349,390 

313,767 

1,208,130 

(X) 

(X) 

899,047 

1,357,656 

582,125 

304,190 

288,334 

1,581,806 

239,201 

562,657 

4,426,803 

1,115,958 

4,412,294 

3,213,023 

2,046,199 

2,984,004 

1,550,009 

1,167,681 

834,470 

1,587,827 

2,444,315 

101,258 

237,753 

856,368 

1,279,258 

155,332 

948,094 

211,622 

1,637,606 

743,911 

1,614,245 

1,144,879 

1,825,216 

368,490 

1,799,279 

1,747,489 

1,498,240 

1,281,648 

1,113,915 

1,068,840 

59,094 

2,082,567 

89,063 

66,929 

45,792 

328,208 

142,334 

40,825 

154,841 

31,055 

259,385 

256,450 

841,821 

(X) 

(X) 

257,279 

513,631 

78,961 

72,340 

44,088 

657,137 

106,305 

183,601 

1,571,050 

328,975 

845,720 

459,293 

146,205 

842,347 

543,880 

519,199 

467,356 

324,069 

234,869 

81,461 

91,055 

202,542 

147,838 

13,161 

94,296 

18,770 

18,374 

18,883 

3,702 

6,270 

12,137 

22,932 

59,356 

20,029 

14,777 

7,952 

14,264 

49,747 

2,740 

152,956 

43,096 

17,456 

14,913 

83,990 

11,259 

18,795 

53,064 

14,706 

90,005 

57,317 

366,309 

(X) 

(X) 

22.2

27.4 

11.9

19.2

13.3

29.4

30.8

24.6 

26.2

22.8

16.1 

12.5

6.7

22.0

26.0

30.8 

35.9

17.0

8.8

44.6

27.7

19.1

10.4 

7.8

9.0

8.1

1.1

2.5

0.2

0.5

0.7

5.9 

3.2

1.1

1.0

0.6 

1.3

4.4

4.4

6.8 

32.6

20.7

24.6

20.4

7.3

31.5

25.5

32.1 

25.8

18.3

30.3

(X)

(X) 

Region, division, and state 

1880 1870 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent Number Percent

 United States................ 

REGION AND DIVISION 

50,155,783 43,475,840 6,679,943 13.3 38,558,371 32,991,142 5,567,229 14.4 
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. 

Northeast...................................... 14,507,407 11,692,887 2,814,520 19.4 12,298,730 9,778,124 2,520,606 20.5

 New England............................ 4,010,529 3,216,917 793,612 19.8 3,487,924 2,839,923 648,001 18.6

 Middle Atlantic.......................... 10,496,878 8,475,970 2,020,908 19.3 8,810,806 6,938,201 1,872,605 21.3 

Midwest........................................ 17,364,111 14,447,282 2,916,829 16.8 12,981,111 10,647,826 2,333,285 18.0

 East North Central.................... 11,206,668 9,290,038 1,916,630 17.1 9,124,517 7,462,843 1,661,674 18.2

 West North Central................... 6,157,443 5,157,244 1,000,199 16.2 3,856,594 3,184,983 671,611 17.4 

South............................................ 16,516,568 16,068,036 448,532 2.7 12,288,020 11,888,045 399,975 3.3

 South Atlantic........................... 7,597,197 7,422,939 174,258 2.3 5,853,610 5,686,766 166,844 2.9

 East South Central................... 5,585,151 5,489,989 95,162 1.7 4,404,445 4,300,578 103,867 2.4

 West South Central.................. 3,334,220 3,155,108 179,112 5.4 2,029,965 1,900,701 129,264 6.4 

West.............................................. 1,767,697 1,267,635 500,062 28.3 990,510 677,147 313,363 31.6

 Mountain................................... 653,119 492,237 160,882 24.6 315,385 228,477 86,908 27.6

 Pacific....................................... 1,114,578 775,398 339,180 30.4 675,125 448,670 226,455 33.5 

STATE 

New England

 Maine........................................ 648,936 590,053 58,883 9.1 626,915 578,034 48,881 7.8

 New Hampshire........................ 346,991 300,697 46,294 13.3 318,300 288,689 29,611 9.3

 Vermont.................................... 332,286 291,327 40,959 12.3 330,551 283,396 47,155 14.3

 Massachusetts.......................... 1,783,085 1,339,594 443,491 24.9 1,457,351 1,104,032 353,319 24.2

 Rhode Island............................ 276,531 202,538 73,993 26.8 217,353 161,957 55,396 25.5

 Connecticut............................... 622,700 492,708 129,992 20.9 537,454 423,815 113,639 21.1 

Middle Atlantic

 New York.................................. 5,082,871 3,871,492 1,211,379 23.8 4,382,759 3,244,406 1,138,353 26.0

 New Jersey............................... 1,131,116 909,416 221,700 19.6 906,096 717,153 188,943 20.9

 Pennsylvania............................ 4,282,891 3,695,062 587,829 13.7 3,521,951 2,976,642 545,309 15.5 

East North Central

 Ohio.......................................... 3,198,062 2,803,119 394,943 12.3 2,665,260 2,292,767 372,493 14.0

 Indiana...................................... 1,978,301 1,834,123 144,178 7.3 1,680,637 1,539,163 141,474 8.4

 Illinois........................................ 3,077,871 2,494,295 583,576 19.0 2,539,891 2,024,693 515,198 20.3

 Michigan................................... 1,636,937 1,248,429 388,508 23.7 1,184,059 916,049 268,010 22.6

 Wisconsin................................. 1,315,497 910,072 405,425 30.8 1,054,670 690,171 364,499 34.6 

West North Central

 Minnesota................................. 780,773 513,097 267,676 34.3 439,706 279,009 160,697 36.5

 Iowa.......................................... 1,624,615 1,362,965 261,650 16.1 1,194,020 989,328 204,692 17.1

 Missouri.................................... 2,168,380 1,956,802 211,578 9.8 1,721,295 1,499,028 222,267 12.9

 North Dakota 2

 ......................... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 

South Dakota 2 ......................... 135,177 83,382 51,795 38.3 14,181 9,366 4,815 34.0

 Nebraska.................................. 452,402 354,988 97,414 21.5 122,993 92,245 30,748 25.0

 Kansas...................................... 996,096 886,010 110,086 11.1 364,399 316,007 48,392 13.3 

South Atlantic

 Delaware.................................. 146,608 137,140 9,468 6.5 125,015 115,879 9,136 7.3

 Maryland................................... 934,943 852,137 82,806 8.9 780,894 697,482 83,412 10.7

 District of Columbia.................. 177,624 160,502 17,122 9.6 131,700 115,446 16,254 12.3

 Virginia...................................... 1,512,565 1,497,869 14,696 1.0 1,225,163 1,211,409 13,754 1.1

 West Virginia............................ 618,457 600,192 18,265 3.0 442,014 424,923 17,091 3.9

 North Carolina.......................... 1,399,750 1,396,008 3,742 0.3 1,071,361 1,068,332 3,029 0.3

 South Carolina.......................... 995,577 987,891 7,686 0.8 705,606 697,532 8,074 1.1

 Georgia..................................... 1,542,180 1,531,616 10,564 0.7 1,184,109 1,172,982 11,127 0.9

 Florida....................................... 269,493 259,584 9,909 3.7 187,748 182,781 4,967 2.6 

East South Central

 Kentucky................................... 1,648,690 1,589,173 59,517 3.6 1,321,011 1,257,613 63,398 4.8

 Tennessee................................ 1,542,359 1,525,657 16,702 1.1 1,258,520 1,239,204 19,316 1.5

 Alabama................................... 1,262,505 1,252,771 9,734 0.8 996,992 987,030 9,962 1.0

 Mississippi................................ 1,131,597 1,122,388 9,209 0.8 827,922 816,731 11,191 1.4 

West South Central

 Arkansas................................... 802,525 792,175 10,350 1.3 484,471 479,445 5,026 1.0

 Louisiana.................................. 939,946 885,800 54,146 5.8 726,915 665,088 61,827 8.5

 Oklahoma 1

 .............................. (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Texas........................................ 1,591,749 1,477,133 114,616 7.2 818,579 756,168 62,411 7.6 

Mountain

 Montana.................................... 39,159 27,638 11,521 29.4 20,595 12,616 7,979 38.7

 Idaho......................................... 32,610 22,636 9,974 30.6 14,999 7,114 7,885 52.6

 Wyoming................................... 20,789 14,939 5,850 28.1 9,118 5,605 3,513 38.5

 Colorado................................... 194,327 154,537 39,790 20.5 39,864 33,265 6,599 16.6

 New Mexico.............................. 119,565 111,514 8,051 6.7 91,874 86,254 5,620 6.1

 Arizona..................................... 40,440 24,391 16,049 39.7 9,658 3,849 5,809 60.1

 Utah.......................................... 143,963 99,969 43,994 30.6 86,786 56,084 30,702 35.4

 Nevada..................................... 62,266 36,613 25,653 41.2 42,491 23,690 18,801 44.2 

Pacific

 Washington............................... 75,116 59,313 15,803 21.0 23,955 18,931 5,024 21.0

 Oregon...................................... 174,768 144,265 30,503 17.5 90,923 79,323 11,600 12.8 
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 California.................................. 

Alaska....................................... 

Hawaii....................................... 

864,694 

(X) 

(X) 

571,820 

(X) 

(X) 

292,874 

(X) 

(X) 

33.9 

(X) 

(X) 

560,247 

(X) 

(X) 

350,416 

(X) 

(X) 

209,831 

(X) 

(X) 

37.5

(X)

(X) 

Region, division, and state 

1860 1850 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent Number Percent

 United States................ 31,443,321 27,304,624 4,138,697 13.2 23,191,876 20,947,274 2,244,602 9.7 

REGION AND DIVISION 

Northeast...................................... 

New England............................ 

Middle Atlantic.......................... 

Midwest........................................ 

East North Central.................... 

West North Central................... 

South............................................ 

South Atlantic........................... 

East South Central................... 

West South Central.................. 

West.............................................. 

Mountain................................... 

Pacific....................................... 

STATE 

New England

 Maine........................................ 

New Hampshire........................ 

Vermont.................................... 

Massachusetts.......................... 

Rhode Island............................ 

Connecticut............................... 

Middle Atlantic

 New York.................................. 

New Jersey............................... 

Pennsylvania............................ 

East North Central

 Ohio.......................................... 

Indiana...................................... 

Illinois........................................ 

Michigan................................... 

Wisconsin................................. 

West North Central

 Minnesota................................. 

Iowa.......................................... 

Missouri.................................... 

North Dakota 2

 ......................... 

South Dakota 2

 ......................... 

Nebraska.................................. 

Kansas...................................... 

South Atlantic

 Delaware.................................. 

Maryland................................... 

District of Columbia.................. 

Virginia 3

 .................................. 

West Virginia 3

 ......................... 

North Carolina.......................... 

South Carolina.......................... 

Georgia..................................... 

Florida....................................... 

East South Central

 Kentucky................................... 

Tennessee................................ 

Alabama................................... 

Mississippi................................ 

West South Central

 Arkansas................................... 

Louisiana.................................. 

Oklahoma 1

 .............................. 

Texas........................................ 

Mountain 

10,594,268 

3,135,283 

7,458,985 

9,096,716 

6,926,884 

2,169,832 

11,133,361 

5,364,703 

4,020,991 

1,747,667 

618,976 

174,923 

444,053 

628,279 

326,073 

315,098 

1,231,066 

174,620 

460,147 

3,880,735 

672,035 

2,906,215 

2,339,511 

1,350,428 

1,711,951 

749,113 

775,881 

172,023 

674,913 

1,182,012 2 

4,837 

28,841 

107,206 

112,216 

687,049 

75,080 

1,596,318 3 

992,622 

703,708 

1,057,286 

140,424 

1,155,684 

1,109,801 

964,201 

791,305 

435,450 

708,002 

(NA) 

604,215 

8,570,363 

2,665,953 

5,904,410 

7,553,358 

5,729,688 

1,823,670 

10,740,929 

5,202,203 

3,919,056 

1,619,670 

439,974 

150,716 

289,258 

590,826 

305,135 

282,355 

970,960 

137,226 

379,451 

2,879,455 

549,245 

2,475,710 

2,011,262 

1,232,144 

1,387,308 

600,020 

498,954 

113,295 

568,836 

1,021,471 2 

3,063 

22,490 

94,515 

103,051 

609,520 

62,596 

1,561,260 3 

989,324 

693,722 

1,045,615 

137,115 

1,095,885 

1,088,575 

951,849 

782,747 

431,850 

627,027 

(NA) 

560,793 

2,023,905 19.1 

469,330 15.0 

1,554,575 20.8 

1,543,358 17.0 

1,197,196 17.3 

346,162 16.0 

392,432 3.5 

162,500 3.0 

101,935 2.5 

127,997 7.3 

179,002 28.9 

24,207 13.8 

154,795 34.9 

37,453 6.0 

20,938 6.4 

32,743 10.4 

260,106 21.1 

37,394 21.4 

80,696 17.5 

1,001,280 25.8 

122,790 18.3 

430,505 14.8 

328,249 14.0 

118,284 8.8 

324,643 19.0 

149,093 19.9 

276,927 35.7 

58,728 34.1 

106,077 15.7 

160,541 13.6 2 2 

1,774 36.7 

6,351 22.0 

12,691 11.8 

9,165 8.2 

77,529 11.3 

12,484 16.6 

35,058 2.2 3 3 

3,298 0.3 

9,986 1.4 

11,671 1.1 

3,309 2.4 

59,799 5.2 

21,226 1.9 

12,352 1.3 

8,558 1.1 

3,600 0.8 

80,975 11.4 

(NA) (NA) 

43,422 7.2 

8,626,851 

2,728,116 

5,898,735 

5,403,595 

4,523,260 

880,335 

8,982,612 

4,679,090 

3,363,271 

940,251 

178,818 

72,927 

105,891 

583,169 

317,976 

314,120 

994,514 

147,545 

370,792 

3,097,394 

489,555 

2,311,786 

1,980,329 

988,416 

851,470 

397,654 

305,391 

6,077 

192,214 

682,044 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

91,532 

583,034 

51,687 

1,421,661 3 

869,039 

668,507 

906,185 

87,445 

982,405 

1,002,717 

771,623 

606,526 

209,897 

517,762 

(NA) 

212,592 

7,301,308 

2,421,867 

4,879,441 

4,753,220 

3,972,423 

780,797 

8,740,947 

4,574,180 

3,313,901 

852,866 

151,799 

68,732 

83,067 

551,344 

303,711 

280,405 

830,490 

123,643 

332,274 

2,441,465 

429,607 

2,008,369 

1,762,136 

932,844 

739,578 

342,951 

194,914 

4,100 

171,245 

605,452 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

86,279 

531,825 

46,769 

1,398,676 3 

866,458 

659,800 

899,697 

84,676 

950,985 

997,064 

764,114 

601,738 

208,426 

449,529 

(NA) 

194,911 

1,325,543 15.4

306,249 11.2

1,019,294 17.3 

650,375 12.0

550,837 12.2

99,538 11.3 

241,665 2.7

104,910 2.2

49,370 1.5

87,385 9.3 

27,019 15.1

4,195 5.8

22,824 21.6 

31,825 5.5

14,265 4.5

33,715 10.7

164,024 16.5

23,902 16.2

38,518 10.4 

655,929 21.2

59,948 12.2

303,417 13.1 

218,193 11.0

55,572 5.6

111,892 13.1

54,703 13.8

110,477 36.2 

1,977 32.5

20,969 10.9

76,592 11.2

(NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA) 

5,253 5.7

51,209 8.8

4,918 9.5

22,985 1.6 3 3 

2,581 0.3

8,707 1.3

6,488 0.7

2,769 3.2 

31,420 3.2

5,653 0.6

7,509 1.0

4,788 0.8 

1,471 0.7

68,233 13.2

(NA) (NA)

17,681 8.3 
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. 

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. 

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. 

. 

Footnotes:

 Montana.................................... (NA)
 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Idaho......................................... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Wyoming................................... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Colorado................................... 34,277 31,611 2,666 7.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 New Mexico.............................. 93,516 86,793 6,723 7.2 61,547 59,396 2,151 3.5

 Arizona..................................... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Utah.......................................... 40,273 27,519 12,754 31.7 11,380 9,336 2,044 18.0

 Nevada..................................... 6,857 4,793 2,064 30.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Pacific

 Washington............................... 11,594
 8,450 3,144 27.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Oregon...................................... 52,465 47,342 5,123 9.8 13,294 12,272 1,022 7.7

 California.................................. 379,994 233,466 146,528 38.6 92,597 70,795 21,802 23.5

 Alaska....................................... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

 Hawaii....................................... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 

* Indicates sample data.
 

(X) Not applicable. Alaska and Hawaii prior to 1960 are in this category.
 

(NA) Not available. Geographic area not enumerated.
 1

 Data shown for 1900 for Oklahoma include Oklahoma Territory and the Indian Territory, which were merged and admitted as the state of Oklahoma in 

1907. Population of Oklahoma Territory in 1900: total, 398,331; native, 382,651; foreign-born, 15,680; percent foreign-born, 3.9. Population of Indian 

Territory in 1900: total 392,060; native 387,202; foreign-born, 4,858; percent foreign-born, 1.2 (1900 census, Vol. 1, Part 1, Dubester # 252, Table 9, p. 

482).
 

2

 Data shown for 1860 to 1880 for South Dakota are for the Dakota Territory and include North Dakota. South Dakota and North Dakota were formed 

from Dakota Territory and admitted as states in 1889. 

3 Data shown for 1850 and 1860 for Virginia include the present area of West Virginia, which was admitted as a separate state in 1863. 

Internet Release Date: February 2, 2006 
( , , )

(Leading dots indicate subparts)

Footnotes:

Table 15. Foreign-Born Population by Historical Section and Subsection of the United States: 1850 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Historical section 

and subsection 1 Total 

North South 

Total Northeast West

North 

Central Total Southeast 

South 

Central 

(Region as currently 

defined) 1 (Northeast) (Midwest) (South) (West) 

FOREIGN-BORN

 POPULATION 

2000*........................................ 31,107,889 10,739,005 7,229,068 3,509,937 8,608,441 5,020,522 3,587,919 11,760,443 

1990*........................................ 19,767,316 7,362,317 5,231,024 2,131,293 4,582,293 2,722,945 1,859,348 7,822,706 

1980*........................................ 14,079,906 6,620,113 4,505,923 2,114,190 2,894,757 1,728,917 1,165,840 4,565,036 

1970*........................................ 9,619,302 5,993,242 4,119,681 1,873,561 1,316,205 878,754 437,451 2,309,855 

1960*........................................ 9,738,143 6,851,702 4,574,743 2,276,959 962,920 550,426 412,494 1,923,521 

1950*........................................ 10,347,395 7,994,555 5,287,165 2,707,390 767,320 380,395 386,925 1,585,520 

1940.......................................... 11,594,896 9,461,512 6,102,546 3,358,966 639,788 301,968 337,820 1,493,596 

1930.......................................... 14,204,149 11,561,550 7,201,674 4,359,876 818,614 318,697 499,917 1,823,985 

1920.......................................... 13,920,692 11,454,157 6,846,363 4,607,794 868,354 330,537 537,817 1,598,181 

1910.......................................... 13,515,886 11,366,744 6,676,283 4,690,461 740,011 299,994 440,017 1,409,131 

1900.......................................... 10,341,276 8,921,270 4,762,796 4,158,474 573,685 216,030 357,655 846,321 

1890.......................................... 9,249,547 7,948,291 3,888,177 4,060,114 530,346 208,525 321,821 770,910 

1880.......................................... 6,679,943 5,731,349 2,814,520 2,916,829 448,532 174,258 274,274 500,062 

1870.......................................... 5,567,229 4,853,891 2,520,606 2,333,285 399,975 166,844 233,131 313,363 

1860.......................................... 4,138,697 3,567,263 2,023,905 1,543,358 392,432 162,500 229,932 179,002 

1850.......................................... 

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 

2,244,602 1,975,918 1,325,543 650,375 241,665 104,910 136,755 27,019 

2000*........................................ 100.0 34.5 23.2 11.3 27.7 16.1 11.5 37.8 

1990*........................................ 100.0 37.2 26.5 10.8 23.2 13.8 9.4 39.6 

1980*........................................ 100.0 47.0 32.0 15.0 20.6 12.3 8.3 32.4 

1970*........................................ 100.0 62.3 42.8 19.5 13.7 9.1 4.5 24.0 

1960*........................................ 100.0 70.4 47.0 23.4 9.9 5.7 4.2 19.8 

1950*........................................ 100.0 77.3 51.1 26.2 7.4 3.7 3.7 15.3 

1940.......................................... 100.0 81.6 52.6 29.0 5.5 2.6 2.9 12.9 

1930.......................................... 100.0 81.4 50.7 30.7 5.8 2.2 3.5 12.8 

1920.......................................... 100.0 82.3 49.2 33.1 6.2 2.4 3.9 11.5 

1910.......................................... 100.0 84.1 49.4 34.7 5.5 2.2 3.3 10.4 

1900.......................................... 100.0 86.3 46.1 40.2 5.5 2.1 3.5 8.2 

1890.......................................... 100.0 85.9 42.0 43.9 5.7 2.3 3.5 8.3 

1880.......................................... 100.0 85.8 42.1 43.7 6.7 2.6 4.1 7.5 

1870.......................................... 100.0 87.2 45.3 41.9 7.2 3.0 4.2 5.6 

1860.......................................... 100.0 86.2 48.9 37.3 9.5 3.9 5.6 4.3 

1850.......................................... 100.0 88.0 59.1 29.0 10.8 4.7 6.1 1.2 

* Indicates sample data.
 1

 See text for Table 15 concerning regions and historical sections and subsections. See Table 14 for states in each region, and in each historical 

section or subsection. The Southeast subsection corresponds to the South Atlantic division. The South Central subsection corresponds to the East 

South Central division and the West South Central division combined.
 

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Table 16. Nativity of the Population by Type of Residence: 1960 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Year and type of residence 1 

Population Percent distribution 

by type of residence 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent Total Native 

Foreign 

born 

2000* (as defined effective June 6, 2003)

 Total..................................................... 281,421,906 250,314,017 31,107,889 11.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Inside core-based statistical area................. 261,534,991 230,859,424 30,675,567 11.7 92.9 92.2 98.6

 Inside metropolitan statistical area........... 232,579,940 202,912,859 29,667,081 12.8 82.6 81.1 95.4

 Inside principal cities.................... 92,445,101 76,738,919 15,706,182 17.0 32.8 30.7 50.5

 Outside principal cities.................. 140,134,836 126,173,940 13,960,896 10.0 49.8 50.4 44.9

 1,000,000 or more population............... 149,245,561 125,230,619 24,014,942 16.1 53.0 50.0 77.2

 Inside principal cities.................... 59,429,528 46,671,632 12,757,896 21.5 21.1 18.6 41.0

 Outside principal cities.................. 89,816,033 78,558,987 11,257,046 12.5 31.9 31.4 36.2

 5,000,000 or more population........... 55,643,200 42,103,586 13,539,614 24.3 19.8 16.8 43.5

 Inside principal cities.................... 24,632,577 17,097,984 7,534,593 30.6 8.8 6.8 24.2

 Outside principal cities.................. 31,010,623 25,005,602 6,005,021 19.4 11.0 10.0 19.3

 1,000,000 to 4,999,999 population... 93,602,361 83,127,033 10,475,328 11.2 33.3 33.2 33.7

 Inside principal cities.................... 34,796,951 29,573,648 5,223,303 15.0 12.4 11.8 16.8

 Outside principal cities.................. 58,805,410 53,553,385 5,252,025 8.9 20.9 21.4 16.9

 Less than 1,000,000 population........... 83,334,379 77,682,240 5,652,139 6.8 29.6 31.0 18.2

 Inside principal cities.................... 33,015,576 30,067,287 2,948,289 8.9 11.7 12.0 9.5

 Outside principal cities.................. 50,318,803 47,614,953 2,703,850 5.4 17.9 19.0 8.7

 Inside micropolitan statistical area............ 28,955,051 27,946,565 1,008,486 3.5 10.3 11.2 3.2

 Inside principal cities.................... 9,595,536 9,141,485 454,051 4.7 3.4 3.7 1.5

 Outside principal cities.................. 19,359,515 18,805,080 554,435 2.9 6.9 7.5 1.8 

Outside core-based statistical area.............. 

2000* (as defined effective June 30, 1999)

19,886,915 19,454,593 432,322 2.2 7.1 7.8 1.4 

Total..................................................... 281,421,906 250,314,017 31,107,889 11.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Inside metropolitan area............................... 225,981,711 196,614,669 29,367,042 13.0 80.3 78.5 94.4

 In central city.................................... 85,399,835 71,339,356 14,060,479 16.5 30.3 28.5 45.2

 Not in central city.............................. 140,581,876 125,275,313 15,306,563 10.9 50.0 50.0 49.2

 1,000,000 or more population................... 161,517,900 136,209,886 25,308,014 15.7 57.4 54.4 81.4

 In central city.................................... 58,487,504 46,573,992 11,913,512 20.4 20.8 18.6 38.3

 Not in central city.............................. 103,030,396 89,635,894 13,394,502 13.0 36.6 35.8 43.1

 5,000,000 or more population............... 84,064,275 67,140,949 16,923,326 20.1 29.9 26.8 54.4

 In central city.................................... 31,187,885 22,813,145 8,374,740 26.9 11.1 9.1 26.9

 Not in central city.............................. 52,876,390 44,327,804 8,548,586 16.2 18.8 17.7 27.5

 1,000,000 to 4,999,999 population....... 77,453,625 69,068,937 8,384,688 10.8 27.5 27.6 27.0

 In central city.................................... 27,299,619 23,760,847 3,538,772 13.0 9.7 9.5 11.4

 Not in central city.............................. 50,154,006 45,308,090 4,845,916 9.7 17.8 18.1 15.6

 Less than 1,000,000 population............... 64,463,811 60,404,783 4,059,028 6.3 22.9 24.1 13.0

 In central city.................................... 26,912,331 24,765,364 2,146,967 8.0 9.6 9.9 6.9

 Not in central city.............................. 37,551,480 35,639,419 1,912,061 5.1 13.3 14.2 6.1 

Outside metropolitan area............................ 

1990*

55,440,195 53,699,348 1,740,847 3.1 19.7 21.5 5.6 

Total..................................................... 248,709,873 228,942,557 19,767,316 7.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Inside metropolitan area............................... 192,726,330 174,089,700 18,636,630 9.7 77.5 76.0 94.3

 In central city.................................... 77,844,025 68,119,147 9,724,878 12.5 31.3 29.8 49.2

 Not in central city.............................. 114,882,305 105,970,553 8,911,752 7.8 46.2 46.3 45.1

 Urban............................................ 88,439,931 80,279,433 8,160,498 9.2 35.6 35.1 41.3

 Rural............................................. 26,442,374 25,691,120 751,254 2.8 10.6 11.2 3.8 

Outside metropolitan area............................ 55,983,543 54,852,857 1,130,686 2.0 22.5 24.0 5.7

 Urban............................................ 20,850,368 20,228,707 621,661 3.0 8.4 8.8 3.1

 Rural............................................. 

1980*

35,133,175 34,624,150 509,025 1.4 14.1 15.1 2.6 

Total..................................................... 226,545,805 212,465,899 14,079,906 6.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Inside metropolitan area............................... 169,430,577 156,510,392 12,920,185 7.6 74.8 73.7 91.8

 Urban........................................................ 145,451,315 133,154,205 12,297,110 8.5 64.2 62.7 87.3 
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 In central city.................................... 67,854,918 61,249,295 6,605,623 9.7 30.0 28.8 46.9

 Not in central city.............................. 77,596,397 71,904,910 5,691,487 7.3 34.3 33.8 40.4

 Rural......................................................... 23,979,262 23,356,187 623,075 2.6 10.6 11.0 4.4 

Outside metropolitan area............................ 57,115,228 55,955,507 1,159,721 2.0 25.2 26.3 8.2

 Urban........................................................ 21,603,323 20,985,468 617,855 2.9 9.5 9.9 4.4

 Rural......................................................... 35,511,905 34,970,039 541,866 1.5 15.7 16.5 3.8 

1970*

 Total..................................................... 203,210,158 193,590,856 9,619,302 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Inside metropolitan area............................... 139,416,185 130,947,233 8,468,952 6.1 68.6 67.6 88.0

 In central city.................................... 63,790,354 58,982,208 4,808,146 7.5 31.4 30.5 50.0

 Not in central city.............................. 75,625,831 71,965,025 3,660,806 4.8 37.2 37.2 38.1

 Urban............................................ 59,210,598 55,932,053 3,278,545 5.5 29.1 28.9 34.1

 Rural............................................. 16,415,233 16,032,972 382,261 2.3 8.1 8.3 4.0 

Outside metropolitan area............................ 63,793,973 62,643,623 1,150,350 1.8 31.4 32.4 12.0

 Urban........................................................ 26,331,167 25,697,531 633,636 2.4 13.0 13.3 6.6

 Rural......................................................... 37,462,806 36,946,092 516,714 1.4 18.4 19.1 5.4 

1960*

 Total..................................................... 179,325,671 169,587,528 9,738,143 5.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Inside metropolitan area............................... 112,883,757 104,725,327 8,158,430 7.2 62.9 61.8 83.8

 In central city.................................... 58,010,482 52,895,696 5,114,786 8.8 32.3 31.2 52.5

 Not in central city.............................. 54,873,275 51,829,631 3,043,644 5.5 30.6 30.6 31.3

 Urban............................................ 41,560,998 38,973,479 2,587,519 6.2 23.2 23.0 26.6

 Rural............................................. 13,312,277 12,856,152 456,125 3.4 7.4 7.6 4.7 

Outside metropolitan area............................ 66,441,914 64,862,201 1,579,713 2.4 37.1 38.2 16.2

 Urban........................................................ 25,712,303 24,904,456 807,847 3.1 14.3 14.7 8.3

 Rural......................................................... 40,729,611 39,957,745 771,866 1.9 22.7 23.6 7.9 

* Indicates sample data.
 1

 See text for Table 16 regarding classification by type of residence.
 

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Table 17. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 1,000,000 or More Population

 and Their Component Metropolitan Divisions: 2000* 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Metropolitan statistical area (rank in total population) 1 

Metropolitan division 1 

Statistical 

area 

description Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA (11)#...................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,247,981 3,823,462 424,519 10.0 

Austin-Round Rock, TX (40)........................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,249,763 1,096,929 152,834 12.2 

Baltimore-Towson, MD (19)#.......................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,552,994 2,406,866 146,128 5.7 

Birmingham-Hoover, AL (48)#......................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,052,238 1,030,014 22,224 2.1 

Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH (10)#....................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,391,344 3,789,282 602,062 13.7

 Boston-Quincy, MA ..................................................................... Metropolitan Division 1,812,937 1,530,582 282,355 15.6

 Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA ......................................... Metropolitan Division 1,465,396 1,241,931 223,465 15.2

 Essex County, MA ....................................................................... Metropolitan Division 723,419 641,380 82,039 11.3

 Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH ................................. Metropolitan Division 389,592 375,389 14,203 3.6 

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY (42)........................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,170,111 1,118,730 51,381 4.4 

Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC (37)#..................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,330,448 1,238,458 91,990 6.9 

Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI (3)#.......................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 9,098,316 7,634,195 1,464,121 16.1

 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL ....................................................... Metropolitan Division 7,628,412 6,297,970 1,330,442 17.4

 Gary, IN ....................................................................................... Metropolitan Division 675,971 644,972 30,999 4.6

 Lake County-Kenosha, IL-WI ...................................................... Metropolitan Division 793,933 691,253 102,680 12.9 

Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN (24)#.......................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,009,632 1,958,232 51,400 2.6 

Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH (23)#................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,148,143 2,035,137 113,006 5.3 

Columbus, OH (31)#....................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,612,694 1,540,741 71,953 4.5 

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (5)#............................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 5,161,544 4,378,549 782,995 15.2

 Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX ............................................................... Metropolitan Division 3,451,226 2,862,846 588,380 17.0

 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX ............................................................. Metropolitan Division 1,710,318 1,515,703 194,615 11.4 

Denver-Aurora, CO (22)#................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,179,250 1,943,754 235,496 10.8 

Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI (9)#....................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,452,557 4,115,498 337,059 7.6

 Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn, MI ....................................................... Metropolitan Division 2,061,162 1,923,393 137,769 6.7

 Warren-Farmington Hills-Troy, MI ............................................... Metropolitan Division 2,391,395 2,192,105 199,290 8.3 

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT (44)#............................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,148,618 1,030,684 117,934 10.3 

Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX (8)#.......................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,715,407 3,817,186 898,221 19.0 

Indianapolis, IN (34)#...................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,525,104 1,471,808 53,296 3.5 

Jacksonville, FL (45)....................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,122,750 1,062,914 59,836 5.3 

Kansas City, MO-KS (26)#.............................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,836,038 1,754,966 81,072 4.4 

Las Vegas-Paradise, NV (36)#........................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,375,765 1,128,014 247,751 18.0 

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA (21)#.............................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 12,365,627 8,066,284 4,299,343 34.8

 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA ...................................... Metropolitan Division 9,519,338 6,069,894 3,449,444 36.2

 Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA ................................................... Metropolitan Division 2,846,289 1,996,390 849,899 29.9 

Louisville, KY-IN (43)#..................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,161,975 1,131,305 30,670 2.6 

Memphis, TN-MS-AR (41)............................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,205,204 1,167,062 38,142 3.2 

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL (6)................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 5,007,564 3,252,560 1,755,004 35.0

 Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL .............. Metropolitan Division 1,623,018 1,212,631 410,387 25.3

 Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL ................................................. Metropolitan Division 2,253,362 1,105,597 1,147,765 50.9

 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Boynton Beach, FL .................... Metropolitan Division 1,131,184 934,332 196,852 17.4 

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI (35)#.................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,500,741 1,419,167 81,574 5.4 

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI (16)#............................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,968,806 2,758,462 210,344 7.1 

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro, TN (39)#.................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,311,789 1,253,250 58,539 4.5 

New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA (38)#......................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,316,510 1,252,385 64,125 4.9 

New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA (1)# 2 ..... Metropolitan Statistical Area 18,323,002 13,476,680 4,846,322 26.4

 Edison, NJ ................................................................................... Metropolitan Division 2,173,869 1,841,212 332,657 15.3

 Nassau-Suffolk, NY 2

 ................................................................... Metropolitan Division 2,753,913 2,356,974 396,939 14.4

 Newark-Union, NJ-PA ................................................................. Metropolitan Division 2,098,843 1,708,953 389,890 18.6

 New York-Wayne-White Plains, NY-NJ ....................................... Metropolitan Division 11,296,377 7,569,541 3,726,836 33.0 

Oklahoma City, OK (47)#................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,095,421 1,033,553 61,868 5.6 

Orlando, FL (30)#............................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,644,561 1,447,442 197,119 12.0 

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (4)#.................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 5,687,147 5,295,318 391,829 6.9

 Camden, NJ ................................................................................ Metropolitan Division 1,186,999 1,116,402 70,597 5.9

 Philadelphia, PA .......................................................................... Metropolitan Division 3,849,647 3,564,443 285,204 7.4

 Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ ............................................................... Metropolitan Division 650,501 614,473 36,028 5.5 

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (14)................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 3,251,876 2,794,393 457,483 14.1 

Pittsburgh, PA (20)#........................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,431,087 2,368,309 62,778 2.6 

Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR (25)........................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,927,881 1,719,459 208,422 10.8 

Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA (32)............................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,582,997 1,400,907 182,090 11.5 

Richmond, VA (46).......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,096,957 1,050,809 46,148 4.2 

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA (13)#.................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 3,254,821 2,642,462 612,359 18.8 

Rochester, NY (49)#........................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,037,831 976,342 61,489 5.9 

Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA (27)#........................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,796,857 1,536,746 260,111 14.5 
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Footnotes:

St. Louis, MO-IL (18)#..................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,698,687 2,617,141 81,546 3.0 

San Antonio, TX (29)....................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,711,703 1,544,161 167,542 9.8 

San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA (17)..................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,813,833 2,207,579 606,254 21.5 

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA (12)#.................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,123,740 2,995,777 1,127,963 27.4

 Oakland-Fremont-Hayward, CA .................................................. Metropolitan Division 2,392,557 1,819,413 573,144 24.0

 San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City ................................... Metropolitan Division 1,731,183 1,176,364 554,819 32.0 

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (28)#................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,735,819 1,152,663 583,156 33.6 

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (15)#............................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 3,043,878 2,660,054 383,824 12.6

 Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA ...................................................... Metropolitan Division 2,343,058 2,015,759 327,299 14.0

 Tacoma, WA ................................................................................ Metropolitan Division 700,820 644,295 56,525 8.1 

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (21)..................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,395,997 2,162,090 233,907 9.8 

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (33)....................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,576,370 1,505,967 70,403 4.5 

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (7)#................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,796,183 3,966,873 829,310 17.3

 Bethesda-Frederick-Gaithersburg, MD ....................................... Metropolitan Division 1,068,618 827,843 240,775 22.5

 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV ..................... Metropolitan Division 3,727,565 3,139,030 588,535 15.8 

* Indicates sample data.
 

# Part of a combined statistical area. See Table 18.
 1

 As defined effective June 6, 2003. See text for Table 16.
 2

 Title changed subsequent to the June 6, 2003 Office of Management and Budget definition.
 

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Table 18. Nativity of the Population for Combined Statistical Areas With 1,000,000 or More Population and

 Their Component Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: 2000* 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Combined statistical area 1 

Metropolitan statistical area 1 

Micropolitan statistical area 1 

Statistical 

area 

description Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

Albany-Schenectady-Amsterdam, NY ......................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,118,095 1,070,293 47,802 4.3

 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY ................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 825,875 786,190 39,685 4.8

 Amsterdam, NY ........................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 49,708 48,134 1,574 3.2

 Glens Falls, NY ......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 124,345 121,651 2,694 2.2

 Gloversville, NY ........................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 55,073 54,003 1,070 1.9

 Hudson, NY .............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 63,094 60,315 2,779 4.4 

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL ................................. Combined Statistical Area 4,548,344 4,097,001 451,343 9.9

 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ......................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,247,981 3,823,462 424,519 10.0

 Cedartown, GA ......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 38,127 35,825 2,302 6.0

 Gainesville, GA ......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 139,277 116,775 22,502 16.2

 LaGrange, GA ........................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 58,779 57,614 1,165 2.0

 Thomaston, GA ......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 27,597 27,036 561 2.0

 Valley, AL .................................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 36,583 36,289 294 0.8 

Birmingham-Hoover-Cullman, AL ................................................ Combined Statistical Area 1,129,721 1,106,167 23,554 2.1

 Birmingham-Hoover, AL ........................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,052,238 1,030,014 22,224 2.1

 Cullman, AL .............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 77,483 76,153 1,330 1.7 

Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH ...................................... Combined Statistical Area 5,715,698 5,023,007 692,691 12.1

 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH .......................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,391,344 3,789,282 602,062 13.7

 Concord, NH ............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 136,225 131,874 4,351 3.2

 Laconia, NH .............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 56,325 54,903 1,422 2.5

 Manchester-Nashua, NH .......................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 380,841 355,048 25,793 6.8

 Worcester, MA .......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 750,963 691,900 59,063 7.9 

Charlotte-Gastonia-Salisbury, NC ............................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,897,034 1,788,349 108,685 5.7

 Albemarle, NC .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 58,100 56,595 1,505 2.6

 Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC ....................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,330,448 1,238,458 91,990 6.9

 Chester, SC .............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 34,068 33,783 285 0.8

 Lancaster, SC ........................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 61,351 60,524 827 1.3

 Lincolnton, NC .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 63,780 60,703 3,077 4.8

 Salisbury, NC ............................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 130,340 125,468 4,872 3.7

 Shelby, NC ................................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 96,287 94,630 1,657 1.7

 Statesville-Mooresville, NC ....................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 122,660 118,188 4,472 3.6 

Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI ................................ Combined Statistical Area 9,312,255 7,841,793 1,470,462 15.8

 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI .......................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 9,098,316 7,634,195 1,464,121 16.1

 Kankakee-Bradley, IL ............................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 103,833 100,222 3,611 3.5

 Michigan City-La Porte, IN ........................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 110,106 107,376 2,730 2.5 

Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN ............................ Combined Statistical Area 2,050,175 1,998,351 51,824 2.5

 Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN ............................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,009,632 1,958,232 51,400 2.6

 Wilmington, OH ......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 40,543 40,119 424 1.0 

Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH ......................................................... Combined Statistical Area 2,945,831 2,810,434 135,397 4.6

 Akron, OH ................................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 694,960 674,188 20,772 3.0

 Ashtabula, OH .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 102,728 101,109 1,619 1.6

 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH .................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,148,143 2,035,137 113,006 5.3 

Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH ............................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,835,189 1,761,142 74,047 4.0

 Chillicothe, OH .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 73,345 72,807 538 0.7

 Columbus, OH .......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,612,694 1,540,741 71,953 4.5

 Marion, OH ............................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 66,217 65,482 735 1.1

 Mount Vernon, OH .................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 54,500 53,940 560 1.0

 Washington, OH ....................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 28,433 28,172 261 0.9 

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX .................................................................. Combined Statistical Area 5,346,119 4,555,373 790,746 14.8

 Athens, TX ................................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 73,277 70,463 2,814 3.8

 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX ................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 5,161,544 4,378,549 782,995 15.2

 Gainesville, TX .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 36,363 34,353 2,010 5.5

 Granbury, TX ............................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 47,909 46,183 1,726 3.6

 Mineral Wells, TX ...................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 27,026 25,825 1,201 4.4 

Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH .............................................. Combined Statistical Area 1,085,094 1,062,079 23,015 2.1

 Dayton, OH ............................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 848,153 827,516 20,637 2.4

 Greenville, OH .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 53,309 52,939 370 0.7

 Springfield, OH ......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 144,742 143,018 1,724 1.2

 Urbana, OH ............................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 38,890 38,606 284 0.7 

Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO ........................................................ Combined Statistical Area 2,449,044 2,187,644 261,400 10.7

 Boulder, CO .............................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 269,794 243,890 25,904 9.6

 Denver-Aurora, CO ................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,179,250 1,943,754 235,496 10.8 

Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI ............................................................... Combined Statistical Area 5,357,538 4,975,199 382,339 7.1

 Ann Arbor, MI ............................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 322,895 289,731 33,164 10.3

 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI ........................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,452,557 4,115,498 337,059 7.6 
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 Flint, MI ..................................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 436,141 426,788 9,353 2.1

 Monroe, MI ................................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 145,945 143,182 2,763 1.9 

Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI ......................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,254,661 1,196,564 58,097 4.6

 Allegan, MI ................................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 105,665 102,579 3,086 2.9

 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI ..................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 740,482 700,297 40,185 5.4

 Holland-Grand Haven, MI ......................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 238,314 226,647 11,667 4.9

 Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI ................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 170,200 167,041 3,159 1.9 

Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point, NC ............................. Combined Statistical Area 1,283,856 1,214,352 69,504 5.4

 Greensboro-High Point, NC ...................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 643,430 606,225 37,205 5.8

 Lexington-Thomasville, NC ....................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 147,246 141,998 5,248 3.6

 Mount Airy, NC ......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 71,219 67,464 3,755 5.3

 Winston-Salem, NC .................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 421,961 398,665 23,296 5.5 

Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT ....................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,257,709 1,135,107 122,602 9.7

 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT ................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,148,618 1,030,684 117,934 10.3

 Willimantic, CT .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 109,091 104,423 4,668 4.3 

Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX ................................................. Combined Statistical Area 4,815,122 3,910,385 904,737 18.8

 Bay City, TX .............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 37,957 34,197 3,760 9.9

 Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX ........................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,715,407 3,817,186 898,221 19.0

 Huntsville, TX ............................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 61,758 59,002 2,756 4.5 

Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN .......................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,843,588 1,785,016 58,572 3.2

 Anderson, IN ............................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 133,358 131,771 1,587 1.2

 Columbus, IN ............................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 71,435 68,752 2,683 3.8

 Crawfordsville, IN ...................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 37,629 37,083 546 1.5

 Indianapolis, IN ......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,525,104 1,471,808 53,296 3.5

 New Castle, IN .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 48,508 48,249 259 0.5

 North Vernon, IN ....................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 27,554 27,353 201 0.7 

Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS ....................... Combined Statistical Area 1,901,070 1,818,428 82,642 4.3

 Atchison, KS ............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 16,774 16,662 112 0.7

 Kansas City, MO-KS ................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,836,038 1,754,966 81,072 4.4

 Warrensburg, MO ..................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 48,258 46,800 1,458 3.0 

Las Vegas-Paradise-Pahrump, NV .............................................. Combined Statistical Area 1,408,250 1,158,870 249,380 17.7

 Las Vegas-Paradise, NV .......................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,375,765 1,128,014 247,751 18.0

 Pahrump, NV ............................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 32,485 30,856 1,629 5.0 

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA ..................................... Combined Statistical Area 16,373,645 11,306,030 5,067,615 30.9

 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 12,365,627 8,066,284 4,299,343 34.8

 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA ...................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 753,197 597,284 155,913 20.7

 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA ..................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 3,254,821 2,642,462 612,359 18.8 

Louisville-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN ................................ Combined Statistical Area 1,292,482 1,257,390 35,092 2.7

 Elizabethtown, KY ..................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 107,547 103,220 4,327 4.0

 Louisville, KY-IN ....................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,161,975 1,131,305 30,670 2.6

 Scottsburg, IN ........................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 22,960 22,865 95 0.4 

Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI ............................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,689,572 1,600,288 89,284 5.3

 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI ....................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,500,741 1,419,167 81,574 5.4

 Racine, WI ................................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 188,831 181,121 7,710 4.1 

Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI ....................................... Combined Statistical Area 3,271,888 3,053,671 218,217 6.7

 Faribault-Northfield, MN ............................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 56,665 53,968 2,697 4.8

 Hutchinson, MN ........................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 34,898 34,114 784 2.2

 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI .............................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,968,806 2,758,462 210,344 7.1

 Red Wing, MN .......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 44,127 43,615 512 1.2

 St. Cloud, MN ........................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 167,392 163,512 3,880 2.3 

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Columbia, TN ...................... Combined Statistical Area 1,381,287 1,321,302 59,985 4.3

 Columbia, TN ............................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 69,498 68,052 1,446 2.1

 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro, TN .................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,311,789 1,253,250 58,539 4.5 

New Orleans-Metairie-Bogalusa, LA ........................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,360,436 1,296,125 64,311 4.7

 Bogalusa, LA ............................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 43,926 43,740 186 0.4

 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA ............................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,316,510 1,252,385 64,125 4.9 

New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA ............................. Combined Statistical Area 21,361,797 16,170,675 5,191,122 24.3

 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT ............................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 882,567 733,529 149,038 16.9

 Kingston, NY ............................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 177,749 167,281 10,468 5.9

 New Haven-Milford, CT ............................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 

New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA 2 ...... Metropolitan Statistical Area 

824,008 

18,323,002 

749,581 

13,476,680 

74,427 

4,846,322 

9.0

26.4

 Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY ............................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 621,517 569,207 52,310 8.4

 Torrington, CT ........................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 182,193 172,295 9,898 5.4

 Trenton-Ewing, NJ .................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 350,761 302,102 48,659 13.9 

Oklahoma City-Shawnee, OK ...................................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,160,942 1,098,359 62,583 5.4

 Oklahoma City, OK ................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,095,421 1,033,553 61,868 5.6

 Shawnee, OK ............................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 65,521 64,806 715 1.1 

Orlando-The Villages, FL ............................................................. Combined Statistical Area 1,697,906 1,497,849 200,057 11.8

 Orlando, FL ............................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,644,561 1,447,442 197,119 12.0

 The Villages, FL ........................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 53,345 50,407 2,938 5.5 

Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD .......................... Combined Statistical Area 5,833,585 5,432,749 400,836 6.9

 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD ................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 5,687,147 5,295,318 391,829 6.9

 Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ ................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 146,438 137,431 9,007 6.2 

Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA .......................................................... Combined Statistical Area 2,525,730 2,461,691 64,039 2.5 
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Footnotes:

 New Castle, PA ......................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 94,643 93,382 1,261 1.3

 Pittsburgh, PA ........................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,431,087 2,368,309 62,778 2.6 

Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC ........................................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,314,589 1,201,161 113,428 8.6

 Dunn, NC .................................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 91,025 86,848 4,177 4.6

 Durham, NC .............................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 426,493 386,772 39,721 9.3

 Raleigh-Cary, NC ...................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 797,071 727,541 69,530 8.7 

Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY .......................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,131,543 1,067,933 63,610 5.6

 Batavia, NY ............................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 60,370 59,065 1,305 2.2

 Rochester, NY .......................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,037,831 976,342 61,489 5.9

 Seneca Falls, NY ...................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 33,342 32,526 816 2.4 

Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Truckee, CA .................................. Combined Statistical Area 1,930,149 1,663,614 266,535 13.8

 Gardnerville Ranchos, NV ........................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 41,259 38,900 2,359 5.7

 Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA .............................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,796,857 1,536,746 260,111 14.5

 Truckee-Grass Valley, CA ........................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 92,033 87,968 4,065 4.4 

St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL .................................... Combined Statistical Area 2,754,328 2,672,289 82,039 3.0

 Farmington, MO ........................................................................ Micropolitan Statistical Area 55,641 55,148 493 0.9

 St. Louis, MO-IL ........................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,698,687 2,617,141 81,546 3.0 

Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield, UT ........................................... Combined Statistical Area 1,454,259 1,334,483 119,776 8.2

 Brigham City, UT ...................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 42,745 41,476 1,269 3.0

 Ogden-Clearfield, UT ................................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 442,656 421,228 21,428 4.8

 Salt Lake City, UT ..................................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 968,858 871,779 97,079 10.0 

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA ........................................ Combined Statistical Area 7,092,596 5,180,266 1,912,330 27.0

 Napa, CA .................................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 124,279 101,792 22,487 18.1

 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA ....................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,123,740 2,995,777 1,127,963 27.4

 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ..................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 1,735,819 1,152,663 583,156 33.6

 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA ..................................................... Metropolitan Statistical Area 255,602 209,100 46,502 18.2

 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA ........................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 458,614 392,888 65,726 14.3

 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA .................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 394,542 328,046 66,496 16.9 

Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA ..................................................... Combined Statistical Area 3,604,165 3,187,635 416,530 11.6

 Bremerton-Silverdale, WA ........................................................ Metropolitan Statistical Area 231,969 218,789 13,180 5.7

 Oak Harbor, WA ....................................................................... Micropolitan Statistical Area 71,558 66,945 4,613 6.4

 Olympia, WA ............................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 207,355 194,617 12,738 6.1

 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA .................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 3,043,878 2,660,054 383,824 12.6

 Shelton, WA .............................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 49,405 47,230 2,175 4.4 

Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV .......... Combined Statistical Area 7,538,385 6,557,379 981,006 13.0

 Baltimore-Towson, MD ............................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,552,994 2,406,866 146,128 5.7

 Lexington Park, MD .................................................................. Micropolitan Statistical Area 86,211 83,779 2,432 2.8

 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV .................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 4,796,183 3,966,873 829,310 17.3

 Winchester, VA-WV .................................................................. Metropolitan Statistical Area 102,997 99,861 3,136 3.0 

* Indicates sample data.
 1

 As defined effective June 6, 2003.
 2

 Title changed subsequent to the June 6, 2003 Office of Management and Budget definition.
 

Internet Release Date: February 2, 2006 
( )

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Table 19. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and Consolidated

 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs) With 1,000,000 or More Population: 2000* 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Metropolitan area (rank in total population) 1 Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

Atlanta, GA MSA (11)....................................................................................... 4,112,198 3,689,093 423,105 10.3 

Austin--San Marcos, TX MSA (37).................................................................... 1,249,763 1,096,929 152,834 12.2 

Boston--Worcester--Lawrence, MA--NH--ME--CT CMSA (7)........................... 5,819,101 5,098,041 721,060 12.4

 Boston, MA--NH PMSA................................................................................. 3,406,835 2,898,556 508,279 14.9

 Brockton, MA PMSA..................................................................................... 255,459 232,222 23,237 9.1

 Fitchburg--Leominster, MA PMSA................................................................ 142,285 131,959 10,326 7.3

 Lawrence, MA--NH PMSA............................................................................ 396,230 353,534 42,696 10.8

 Lowell, MA--NH PMSA.................................................................................. 301,686 267,238 34,448 11.4

 Manchester, NH PMSA................................................................................. 198,378 185,311 13,067 6.6

 Nashua, NH PMSA....................................................................................... 190,949 177,797 13,152 6.9

 New Bedford, MA PMSA............................................................................... 175,198 149,822 25,376 14.5

 Portsmouth--Rochester, NH--ME PMSA....................................................... 240,692 232,409 8,283 3.4

 Worcester, MA--CT PMSA............................................................................ 511,389 469,193 42,196 8.3 

Buffalo--Niagara Falls, NY MSA (42)................................................................. 1,170,111 1,118,730 51,381 4.4 

Charlotte--Gastonia--Rock Hill, NC--SC MSA (33)........................................... 1,499,293 1,399,533 99,760 6.7 

Chicago--Gary--Kenosha, IL--IN--WI CMSA (3)............................................... 9,157,540 7,690,600 1,466,940 16.0

 Chicago,IL PMSA.......................................................................................... 8,272,768 6,846,790 1,425,978 17.2

 Gary, IN PMSA............................................................................................. 631,362 601,155 30,207 4.8

 Kankakee, IL PMSA ..................................................................................... 103,833 100,222 3,611 3.5

 Kenosha, WI PMSA...................................................................................... 149,577 142,433 7,144 4.8 

Cincinnati--Hamilton, OH--KY--IN CMSA (23).................................................. 1,979,202 1,927,966 51,236 2.6

 Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN PMSA...................................................................... 1,646,395 1,604,306 42,089 2.6

 Hamilton--Middletown, OH PMSA................................................................. 332,807 323,660 9,147 2.7 

Cleveland--Akron, OH CMSA (16).................................................................... 2,945,831 2,810,434 135,397 4.6

 Akron, OH PMSA.......................................................................................... 694,960 674,188 20,772 3.0

 Cleveland--Lorain--Elyria, OH PMSA............................................................ 2,250,871 2,136,246 114,625 5.1 

Columbus, OH MSA (32).................................................................................. 1,540,157 1,468,740 71,417 4.6 

Dallas--Fort Worth, TX CMSA (9)..................................................................... 5,221,801 4,437,159 784,642 15.0

 Dallas, TX PMSA.......................................................................................... 3,519,176 2,928,007 591,169 16.8

 Fort Worth--Arlington, TX PMSA................................................................... 1,702,625 1,509,152 193,473 11.4 

Denver--Boulder--Greeley, CO CMSA (19)...................................................... 2,581,506 2,304,379 277,127 10.7

 Boulder--Longmont, CO PMSA..................................................................... 291,288 264,009 27,279 9.4

 Denver, CO PMSA........................................................................................ 2,109,282 1,876,186 233,096 11.1

 Greeley, CO PMSA....................................................................................... 180,936 164,184 16,752 9.3 

Detroit--Ann Arbor--Flint, MI CMSA (8)............................................................. 5,456,428 5,072,458 383,970 7.0

 Ann Arbor, MI PMSA..................................................................................... 578,736 539,196 39,540 6.8

 Detroit, MI PMSA.......................................................................................... 4,441,551 4,106,444 335,107 7.5

 Flint, MI PMSA.............................................................................................. 436,141 426,788 9,353 2.1 

Grand Rapids--Muskegon--Holland, MI MSA (47)............................................ 1,088,514 1,032,448 56,066 5.2 

Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point, NC MSA (36).................................. 1,251,509 1,179,944 71,565 5.7 

Hartford, CT MSA (41)...................................................................................... 1,183,110 1,062,755 120,355 10.2 

Houston--Galveston--Brazoria, TX CMSA (10)................................................. 4,669,571 3,773,627 895,944 19.2

 Brazoria, TX PMSA....................................................................................... 241,767 221,170 20,597 8.5

 Galveston--Texas City, TX PMSA................................................................. 250,158 229,480 20,678 8.3

 Houston, TX PMSA....................................................................................... 4,177,646 3,322,977 854,669 20.5 

Indianapolis, IN MSA (28)................................................................................. 1,607,486 1,553,143 54,343 3.4 

Jacksonville, FL MSA (45)................................................................................ 1,100,491 1,040,905 59,586 5.4 

Kansas City, MO--KS MSA (25)........................................................................ 1,776,062 1,695,523 80,539 4.5 

Las Vegas, NV--AZ MSA (31)........................................................................... 1,563,282 1,304,788 258,494 16.5 

Los Angeles--Riverside--Orange County, CA CMSA (2).................................. 16,373,645 11,306,030 5,067,615 30.9

 Los Angeles--Long Beach, CA PMSA ......................................................... 9,519,338 6,069,894 3,449,444 36.2

 Orange County, CA PMSA........................................................................... 2,846,289 1,996,390 849,899 29.9

 Riverside--San Bernardino, CA PMSA......................................................... 3,254,821 2,642,462 612,359 18.8 

. Ventura, CA PMSA....................................................................................... 753,197 597,284 155,913 20.7 

Louisville, KY--IN MSA (49).............................................................................. 1,025,598 997,665 27,933 2.7 

Memphis, TN--AR--MS MSA (43)..................................................................... 1,135,614 1,097,944 37,670 3.3 

Miami--Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA (12)............................................................ 3,876,380 2,318,228 1,558,152 40.2

 Fort Lauderdale, FL PMSA........................................................................... 1,623,018 1,212,631 410,387 25.3

 Miami, FL PMSA........................................................................................... 2,253,362 1,105,597 1,147,765 50.9 

Milwaukee--Racine, WI CMSA (26).................................................................. 1,689,572 1,600,288 89,284 5.3

 Milwaukee--Waukesha, WI PMSA................................................................ 1,500,741 1,419,167 81,574 5.4 
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Footnotes:

 Racine, WI PMSA......................................................................................... 188,831 181,121 7,710 4.1 

Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI MSA (15)......................................................... 2,968,806 2,758,462 210,344 7.1 

Nashville, TN MSA (38).................................................................................... 1,231,311 1,173,697 57,614 4.7 

New Orleans, LA MSA (34)............................................................................... 1,337,726 1,273,557 64,169 4.8 

New York--Northern New Jersey--Long Island, NY--NJ--CT--PA CMSA (1).... 21,199,865 16,017,610 5,182,255 24.4

 Bergen--Passaic, NJ PMSA.......................................................................... 1,373,167 1,020,575 352,592 25.7

 Bridgeport, CT PMSA................................................................................... 459,479 402,314 57,165 12.4

 Danbury, CT PMSA...................................................................................... 217,980 186,012 31,968 14.7

 Dutchess County, NY PMSA........................................................................ 280,150 256,550 23,600 8.4

 Jersey City, NJ PMSA................................................................................... 608,975 374,378 234,597 38.5

 Middlesex--Somerset--Hunterdon, NJ PMSA............................................... 1,169,641 926,235 243,406 20.8

 Monmouth--Ocean, NJ PMSA...................................................................... 1,126,217 1,029,258 96,959 8.6

 Nassau--Suffolk, NY PMSA.......................................................................... 2,753,913 2,356,974 396,939 14.4

 New Haven--Meriden, CT PMSA.................................................................. 542,069 495,952 46,117 8.5

 New York, NY PMSA.................................................................................... 9,314,235 6,174,588 3,139,647 33.7

 Newark, NJ PMSA........................................................................................ 2,032,989 1,647,182 385,807 19.0

 Newburgh, NY--PA PMSA............................................................................ 387,669 356,667 31,002 8.0

 Stamford--Norwalk, CT PMSA...................................................................... 353,556 281,493 72,063 20.4

 Trenton, NJ PMSA........................................................................................ 350,761 302,102 48,659 13.9

 Waterbury, CT PMSA................................................................................... 229,064 207,330 21,734 9.5 

Norfolk--Virginia Beach--Newport News, VA--NC MSA (30)............................. 1,569,541 1,499,171 70,370 4.5 

Oklahoma City, OK MSA (48)........................................................................... 1,083,346 1,021,536 61,810 5.7 

Orlando, FL MSA (27)....................................................................................... 1,644,561 1,447,442 197,119 12.0 

Philadelphia--Wilmington--Atlantic City, PA--NJ--DE--MD CMSA (6)............... 6,188,463 5,754,544 433,919 7.0

 Atlantic--Cape May, NJ PMSA...................................................................... 354,878 321,795 33,083 9.3

 Philadelphia, PA--NJ PMSA.......................................................................... 5,100,931 4,743,510 357,421 7.0

 Vineland--Millville--Bridgeton, NJ PMSA....................................................... 146,438 137,431 9,007 6.2

 Wilmington--Newark, DE--MD PMSA........................................................... 586,216 551,808 34,408 5.9 

Phoenix--Mesa, AZ MSA (14)........................................................................... 3,251,876 2,794,393 457,483 14.1 

Pittsburgh, PA MSA (21)................................................................................... 2,358,695 2,296,409 62,286 2.6 

Portland--Salem, OR--WA CMSA (22).............................................................. 2,265,223 2,017,155 248,068 11.0

 Portland--Vancouver, OR--WA PMSA.......................................................... 1,918,009 1,709,934 208,075 10.8

 Salem, OR PMSA......................................................................................... 347,214 307,221 39,993 11.5 

Providence--Fall River--Warwick, RI--MA MSA (39)......................................... 1,188,613 1,045,829 142,784 12.0 

Raleigh--Durham--Chapel Hill, NC MSA (40)................................................... 1,187,941 1,079,138 108,803 9.2 

Rochester, NY MSA (46).................................................................................. 1,098,201 1,035,407 62,794 5.7 

Sacramento--Yolo, CA CMSA (24)................................................................... 1,796,857 1,536,746 260,111 14.5

 Sacramento, CA PMSA................................................................................ 1,628,197 1,402,257 225,940 13.9

 Yolo, CA PMSA............................................................................................. 168,660 134,489 34,171 20.3 

St. Louis, MO--IL MSA (18)............................................................................... 2,603,607 2,522,662 80,945 3.1 

Salt Lake City--Ogden, UT--MSA (35).............................................................. 1,333,914 1,219,406 114,508 8.6 

San Antonio, TX MSA (29)................................................................................ 1,592,383 1,430,459 161,924 10.2 

San Diego, CA MSA (17).................................................................................. 2,813,833 2,207,579 606,254 21.5 

San Francisco--Oakland-San Jose, CA CMSA (5)........................................... 7,039,362 5,137,058 1,902,304 27.0

 Oakland, CA PMSA...................................................................................... 2,392,557 1,819,413 573,144 24.0

 San Francisco, CA PMSA............................................................................. 1,731,183 1,177,039 554,144 32.0

 San Jose, CA PMSA..................................................................................... 1,682,585 1,109,455 573,130 34.1

 Santa Cruz--Watsonville, CA PMSA............................................................. 255,602 209,100 46,502 18.2

 Santa Rosa, CA PMSA................................................................................. 458,614 392,888 65,726 14.3

 Vallejo--Fairfield--Napa, CA PMSA............................................................... 518,821 429,838 88,983 17.2 

Seattle--Tacoma-Bremerton, WA CMSA (13)................................................... 3,554,760 3,140,405 414,355 11.7

 Bremerton, WA PMSA.................................................................................. 231,969 218,789 13,180 5.7

 Olympia, WA PMSA...................................................................................... 207,355 194,617 12,738 6.1

 Seattle--Bellevue--Everett, WA PMSA.......................................................... 2,414,616 2,082,704 331,912 13.7

 Tacoma, WA PMSA...................................................................................... 700,820 644,295 56,525 8.1 

Tampa--St. Petersburg--Clearwater, FL MSA (20)........................................... 2,395,997 2,162,090 233,907 9.8 

Washington--Baltimore, DC--MD--VA--WV CMSA (4)...................................... 7,608,070 6,627,449 980,621 12.9

 Baltimore, MD PMSA.................................................................................... 2,552,994 2,406,866 146,128 5.7

 Hagerstown, MD PMSA................................................................................ 131,923 129,446 2,477 1.9

 Washington, DC--MD--VA--WV PMSA......................................................... 4,923,153 4,091,137 832,016 16.9 

West Palm Beach--Boca Raton, FL MSA (44).................................................. 1,131,184 934,332 196,852 17.4 

* Indicated sample data.
 1

 Metropolitan areas as defined effective June 30, 1993. See text for Table 16.
 

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Table 20. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Areas With 500,000 or More Population: 1960* 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Metropolitan area (rank in total population) Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

Akron, OH SMSA (45)........................................................... 513,569 487,060 26,509 5.2 

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY SMSA (36)........................... 657,503 613,172 44,331 6.7 

Atlanta, GA SMSA (22)......................................................... 1,017,008 1,008,013 8,995 0.9 

Baltimore, MD SMSA (12)..................................................... 1,727,021 1,667,920 59,101 3.4 

Birmingham, AL SMSA (38).................................................. 634,864 630,610 4,254 0.7 

Boston, MA SMSA (7)........................................................... 2,590,040 2,269,712 320,328 12.4 

Buffalo, NY SMSA (14).......................................................... 1,306,956 1,192,184 114,772 8.8 

Chicago-Northwestern Indiana SCA (2)................................ 6,794,453 6,155,341 639,112 9.4

 Chicago, IL SMSA............................................................. 6,220,913 5,619,898 601,015 9.7

 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago, IN SMSA......................... 573,540 535,443 38,097 6.6 

Cincinnati, OH-KY SMSA (19)............................................... 1,071,624 1,045,273 26,351 2.5 

Cleveland, OH SMSA (11).................................................... 1,796,595 1,621,461 175,134 9.7 

Columbus, OH SMSA (34).................................................... 682,962 668,067 14,895 2.2 

Dallas, TX SMSA (18)........................................................... 1,083,601 1,067,257 16,344 1.5 

Dayton, OH SMSA (32)......................................................... 694,623 682,240 12,383 1.8 

Denver, CO SMSA (24)......................................................... 929,383 894,766 34,617 3.7 

Detroit, MI SMSA (5)............................................................. 3,764,131 3,399,556 364,575 9.7 

Fort Worth, TX SMSA (42).................................................... 573,676 567,315 6,361 1.1 

Hartford, CT SMSA (44)........................................................ 525,207 464,411 60,796 11.6 

Honolulu, HI SMSA (49)........................................................ 500,409 453,109 47,300 9.5 

Houston TX SMSA (15)......................................................... 1,243,158 1,214,670 28,488 2.3 

Indianapolis, IN SMSA (31)................................................... 697,567 686,015 11,552 1.7 

Kansas City, MO-KS SMSA (20)........................................... 1,040,454 1,017,966 22,488 2.2 

Los Angles-Long Beach, CA SMSA (3)................................. 6,746,356 6,129,679 616,677 9.1 

Louisville, KY-IN SMSA (30)................................................. 725,139 718,799 6,340 0.9 

Memphis, TN SMSA (39)...................................................... 627,019 621,933 5,086 0.8 

Miami, FL SMSA (23)............................................................ 935,047 822,459 112,588 12.0 

Milwaukee, WI SMSA (16).................................................... 1,194,290 1,114,645 79,645 6.7 

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN SMSA (13)................................... 1,482,030 1,411,330 70,700 4.8 

New Orleans, LA SMSA (25)................................................. 868,480 850,412 18,068 2.1 

New York-Northeastern New Jersey CSA (1)....................... 14,760,759 12,426,576 2,334,183 15.8

 New York, NY SMSA......................................................... 10,695,963 8,837,061 1,858,902 17.4

 Jersey City, NJ SMSA....................................................... 610,734 522,024 88,710 14.5

 Newark, NJ SMSA............................................................. 1,689,420 1,507,896 181,524 10.7

 Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, NJ SMSA................................. 1,186,873 1,037,729 149,144 12.6

 Middlesex County, NJ....................................................... 433,856 391,635 42,221 9.7

 Somerset County, NJ........................................................ 143,913 130,231 13,682 9.5 

Norfolk-Portsmouth, VA SMSA (41)...................................... 578,507 569,952 8,555 1.5 

Oklahoma City, OK SMSA (46)............................................. 511,833 506,359 5,474 1.1 

Philadelphia, PA-NJ SMSA (4).............................................. 4,343,524 4,046,290 297,234 6.8 

Phoenix, AZ SMSA (35)........................................................ 663,510 629,685 33,825 5.1 

Pittsburgh, PA SMSA (8)....................................................... 2,406,301 2,250,640 155,661 6.5 

Portland, OR-WA SMSA (26)................................................ 821,885 776,336 45,549 5.5 

Providence-Pawtucket, RI-MA SMSA (27)............................ 816,148 730,896 85,252 10.4 

Rochester, NY SMSA (40).................................................... 586,387 527,897 58,490 10.0 

Sacramento, CA SMSA (48)................................................. 502,778 473,293 29,485 5.9 

St. Louis, MO-IL SMSA (9).................................................... 2,060,614 2,002,609 58,005 2.8 

San Antonio, TX SMSA (33).................................................. 687,475 644,216 43,259 6.3 

San Bernadino-Riverside, CA SMSA (28)............................. 809,782 757,181 52,601 6.5 

San Diego, CA SMSA (21).................................................... 1,033,011 967,748 65,263 6.3 

San Francisco-Oakland, CA SMSA (6)................................. 2,783,355 2,483,114 300,241 10.8 

San Jose, CA SMSA (37)...................................................... 642,315 591,070 51,245 8.0 

Seattle, WA SMSA (17)......................................................... 1,107,213 1,017,246 89,967 8.1 

Syracuse, NY SMSA (43)...................................................... 563,781 527,673 36,108 6.4 

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL SMSA (29).................................. 772,453 722,378 50,075 6.5 

Washington, DC-MD-VA SMSA * (10).................................. 1,989,377 1,905,435 83,942 4.2 

Youngstown-Warren, OH SMSA (47).................................... 509,006 472,498 36,508 7.2 

* Indicates sample data.
 

Internet Release Date: February 2, 2006 
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(Leading dots indicate subparts)

Table 21. Nativity of the Population for Metropolitan Districts With 250,000 or More Population: 1940 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Metropolitan district (rank in total population) Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

Akron, OH (36).......................................................................... 349,705 316,426 33,279 9.5 

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY (27).......................................... 431,575 377,736 53,839 12.5 

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ (41)................................ 325,142 293,987 31,155 9.6 

Atlanta, GA (25)........................................................................ 442,294 436,918 5,376 1.2 

Baltimore, MD (11).................................................................... 1,046,692 976,717 69,975 6.7 

Birmingham, AL (29)................................................................. 407,851 402,405 5,446 1.3 

Boston, MA (5).......................................................................... 2,350,514 1,862,373 488,141 20.8 

Buffalo-Niagara, NY (14).......................................................... 857,719 718,589 139,130 16.2 

Chicago, IL-IN (2)..................................................................... 4,499,126 3,665,424 833,702 18.5 

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (16)........................................................ 789,309 754,487 34,822 4.4 

Cleveland, OH (10)................................................................... 1,214,943 991,680 223,263 18.4 

Columbus, OH (35)................................................................... 365,796 352,131 13,665 3.7 

Dallas, TX (33).......................................................................... 376,548 367,903 8,645 2.3 

Dayton, OH (47)........................................................................ 271,513 260,400 11,113 4.1 

Denver, CO (32)....................................................................... 384,372 355,893 28,479 7.4 

Detroit, MI (6)............................................................................ 2,295,867 1,867,656 428,211 18.7 

Fall River-New Bedford, MA-RI (46)......................................... 272,648 208,116 64,532 23.7 

Hartford-New Britain, CT (22)................................................... 502,193 401,915 100,278 20.0 

Houston TX (21)....................................................................... 510,397 491,598 18,799 3.7 

Indianapolis, IN (23).................................................................. 455,357 443,252 12,105 2.7 

Kansas City, MO-Kansas City, KS (18).................................... 634,093 604,934 29,159 4.6 

Los Angles, CA (3).................................................................... 2,904,596 2,536,898 367,698 12.7 

Louisville, KY-IN (26)................................................................ 434,408 426,993 7,415 1.7 

Lowell-Lawrence-Haverhill, MA (38)......................................... 334,969 264,163 70,806 21.1 

Memphis, TN-AR (39)............................................................... 332,477 327,482 4,995 1.5 

Miami, FL (50)........................................................................... 250,537 223,449 27,088 10.8 

Milwaukee, WI (15)................................................................... 790,336 683,919 106,417 13.5 

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN (12).................................................. 911,077 800,384 110,693 12.2 

New Haven, CT (43)................................................................. 308,228 250,145 58,083 18.8 

New Orleans, LA (20)............................................................... 540,030 523,850 16,180 3.0 

New York-Northeastern New Jersey, NY-NJ-CT (1)................ 11,690,520 8,764,546 2,925,974 25.0 

Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, VA (40)............................ 330,396 323,007 7,389 2.2 

Omaha, NE-Council Bluffs, IA (45)........................................... 287,698 261,174 26,524 9.2 

Philadelphia, PA-NJ (4)............................................................ 2,898,644 2,516,153 382,491 13.2 

Pittsburgh, PA (7)..................................................................... 1,994,060 1,736,702 257,358 12.9 

Portland, OR-WA (30)............................................................... 406,406 356,898 49,508 12.2 

Providence-Pawtucket, RI-MA (17).......................................... 711,500 570,456 141,044 19.8 

Rochester, NY (28)................................................................... 411,970 341,826 70,144 17.0 

St. Louis, MO-IL (9).................................................................. 1,367,977 1,281,242 86,735 6.3 

San Antonio, TX (42)................................................................ 319,010 286,849 32,161 10.1 

San Diego, CA (49)................................................................... 256,368 230,911 25,457 9.9 

San Francisco-Oakland, CA (8)................................................ 1,428,525 1,170,722 257,803 18.0 

Scranton-Wilkes Barre, PA (19)................................................ 629,581 542,194 87,387 13.9 

Seattle, WA (24)....................................................................... 452,639 377,693 74,946 16.6 

Springfield-Holyoke, MA-CT (31).............................................. 394,623 320,692 73,931 18.7 

Syracuse, NY (48).................................................................... 258,352 224,668 33,684 13.0 

Toledo, OH (37)........................................................................ 341,663 313,310 28,353 8.3 

Washington, DC-MD-VA (13)................................................... 907,816 865,769 42,047 4.6 

Worcester, MA (44)................................................................... 306,194 247,022 59,172 19.3 

Youngstown, OH-PA (34)......................................................... 372,428 317,152 55,276 14.8 

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Table 22. Nativity of the Population by Urban-Rural Residence and Size of Place: 1870 to 1940 and

 1960 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Year, type of residence, and 

size of place 

Population Percent distribution 

by type of residence 

Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent Total Native 

Foreign 

born 

2000* 

Total................................... 

Urban.......................................... 

In central place................ 

Not in central place......... 

In urbanized area.................... 

In central place................ 

Not in central place......... 

In urban cluster....................... 

In central place................ 

Not in central place......... 

Rural........................................... 

2,500 or more.................. 

1,000 to 2,499................. 

Less than 1,000.............. 

Other (not in place)......... 

Rural nonfarm..................... 

Rural farm........................... 

1990* 

Total................................... 

Urban.......................................... 

Inside urbanized area............. 

Central place....................... 

Urban fringe........................ 

Outside urbanized area........... 

10,000 or more.................... 

2,500 to 9,999..................... 

Rural........................................... 

1,000 to 2,499..................... 

Less than 1,000.................. 

Other (not in place)............. 

Rural nonfarm..................... 

Rural farm........................... 

1980* 

Total................................... 

Urban.......................................... 

Inside urbanized area............. 

Central place....................... 

Urban fringe........................ 

Outside urbanized area........... 

10,000 or more.................... 

2,500 to 9,999..................... 

Rural........................................... 

1,000 to 2,499..................... 

Other................................... 

Rural nonfarm..................... 

Rural farm........................... 

1970* 

Total................................... 

281,421,906 

222,358,309 

132,540,981 

89,817,328 

192,338,121 

109,701,596 

82,636,525 

30,020,188 

22,839,385 

7,180,803 

59,063,597 

4,082,148 

4,990,251 

3,832,482 

46,158,716 

56,076,066 

2,987,531 

248,709,873 

187,051,543 

158,258,042 

78,847,231 

79,410,811 

28,793,501 

13,826,325 

14,967,176 

61,658,330 

7,047,131 

3,802,263 

50,808,936 

57,786,747 

3,871,583 

226,545,805 

167,054,638 

139,182,696 

67,035,742 

72,146,954 

27,871,942 

13,480,685 

14,391,257 

59,491,167 

7,034,378 

52,456,789 

53,873,264 

5,617,903 

203,210,158 

250,314,017 

192,752,092 

111,814,254 

80,937,838 

164,343,643 

90,240,497 

74,103,146 

28,408,449 

21,573,757 

6,834,692 

57,561,925 

3,916,779 

4,836,968 

3,752,690 

45,055,488 

54,628,803 

2,933,122 

228,942,557 

168,546,897 

140,802,811 

69,015,791 

71,787,020 

27,744,086 

13,260,584 

14,483,502 

60,395,660 

6,881,223 

3,758,824 

49,755,613 

56,581,024 

3,814,636 

212,465,899 

154,139,673 

127,164,565 

60,610,967 

66,553,598 

26,975,108 

13,009,780 

13,965,328 

58,326,226 

6,872,139 

51,454,087 

52,781,474 

5,544,752 

193,590,856 

31,107,889 

29,606,217 

20,726,727 

8,879,490 

27,994,478 

19,461,099 

8,533,379 

1,611,739 

1,265,628 

346,111 

1,501,672 

165,369 

153,283 

79,792 

1,103,228 

1,447,263 

54,409 

19,767,316 

18,504,646 

17,455,231 

9,831,440 

7,623,791 

1,049,415 

565,741 

483,674 

1,262,670 

165,908 

43,439 

1,053,323 

1,205,723 

56,947 

14,079,906 

12,914,965 

12,018,131 

6,424,775 

5,593,356 

896,834 

470,905 

425,929 

1,164,941 

162,239 

1,002,702 

1,091,790 

73,151 

9,619,302 

11.1 

13.3 

15.6 

9.9 

14.6 

17.7 

10.3 

5.4 

5.5 

4.8 

2.5 

4.1 

3.1 

2.1 

2.4 

2.6 

1.8 

7.9 

9.9 

11.0 

12.5 

9.6 

3.6 

4.1 

3.2 

2.0 

2.4 

1.1 

2.1 

2.1 

1.5 

6.2 

7.7 

8.6 

9.6 

7.8 

3.2 

3.5 

3.0 

2.0 

2.3 

1.9 

2.0 

1.3 

4.7 

100.0 

79.0 

47.1 

31.9 

68.3 

39.0 

29.4 

10.7 

8.1 

2.6 

21.0 

1.5 

1.8 

1.4 

16.4 

19.9 

1.1 

100.0 

75.2 

63.6 

31.7 

31.9 

11.6 

5.6 

6.0 

24.8 

2.8 

1.5 

20.4 

23.2 

1.6 

100.0 

73.7 

61.4 

29.6 

31.8 

12.3 

6.0 

6.4 

26.3 

3.1 

23.2 

23.8 

2.5 

100.0 

100.0 

77.0 

44.7 

32.3 

65.7 

36.1 

29.6 

11.3 

8.6 

2.7 

23.0 

1.6 

1.9 

1.5 

18.0 

21.8 

1.2 

100.0 

73.6 

61.5 

30.1 

31.4 

12.1 

5.8 

6.3 

26.4 

3.0 

1.6 

21.7 

24.7 

1.7 

100.0 

72.5 

59.9 

28.5 

31.3 

12.7 

6.1 

6.6 

27.5 

3.2 

24.2 

24.8 

2.6 

100.0 

100.0 

95.2

66.6

28.5

90.0

62.6

27.4

5.2

4.1

1.1 

4.8

0.5

0.5

0.3

3.5

4.7

0.2 

100.0 

93.6

88.3

49.7

38.6

5.3

2.9

2.4 

6.4

0.8

0.2

5.3

6.1

0.3 

100.0 

91.7

85.4

45.6

39.7

6.4

3.3

3.0 

8.3

1.2

7.1

7.8

0.5 

100.0 
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Urban..........................................
 

Inside urbanized area.............
 

Central cities.......................
 

Urban fringe........................
 

Outside urbanized area...........
 

10,000 or more....................
 

2,500 to 9,999.....................
 

Rural...........................................
 

Rural nonfarm.....................
 

Rural farm...........................
 

1960* 

Total...................................
 

Urban..........................................
 

Inside urbanized area.............
 

Central cities.......................
 

Urban fringe........................
 

Outside urbanized area...........
 

10,000 or more....................
 

2,500 to 9,999.....................
 

Rural...........................................
 

Rural nonfarm.....................
 

Rural farm...........................
 

1940 

Total...................................
 

Urban..........................................
 

100,000 or more.......................
 

2,500 to 99,999........................
 

Rural...........................................
 

Rural nonfarm..........................
 

Rural farm................................
 

1930 

Total...................................
 

Urban..........................................
 

100,000 or more.......................
 

2,500 to 99,999........................
 

Rural...........................................
 

Rural nonfarm..........................
 

Rural farm................................
 

1920 

Total...................................
 

Urban..........................................
 

100,000 or more.......................
 

2,500 to 99,999........................
 

Rural...........................................
 

1910 

Total...................................
 

Urban..........................................
 

100,000 or more.......................
 

2,500 to 99,999........................
 

Rural...........................................
 

1900 

Total...................................
 

Urban..........................................
 

100,000 or more.......................
 

Less than 100,000...................
 

25,000 to 99,999..................
 

2,500 to 24,999....................
 

Rural...........................................
 

149,332,119 

118,440,006 

63,913,205 

54,526,801 

30,892,113 

16,617,734 

14,274,379 

53,878,039 

43,276,785 

10,601,254 

179,325,671 

125,283,783 

95,821,832 

57,981,280 

37,840,552 

29,461,951 

16,188,314 

13,273,637 

54,041,888 

40,596,990 

13,444,898 

131,669,275 

74,423,702 

37,987,989 

36,435,713 

57,245,573 

27,029,385 

30,216,188 

122,775,046 

68,954,823 

36,325,736 

32,629,087 

53,820,223 

23,662,710 

30,157,513 

105,710,620 

54,304,603 

27,429,326 

26,875,277 

51,406,017 

91,972,266 

42,623,383 

20,302,138 

22,321,245 

49,348,883 

75,994,575 

30,583,411 

14,208,347 

16,375,064 

5,509,965 

10,865,099 

45,411,164 

140,611,792 

110,468,396 

59,099,762 

51,368,634 

30,143,396 

16,199,308 

13,944,088 

52,979,064 

42,515,379 

10,463,685 

169,587,528 

116,773,631 

88,275,983 

52,874,866 

35,401,117 

28,497,648 

15,617,145 

12,880,503 

52,813,897 

39,589,369 

13,224,528 

120,074,379 

65,146,995 

31,829,892 

33,317,103 

54,927,384 

25,644,685 

29,282,699 

108,570,897 

57,704,008 

28,872,338 

28,831,670 

50,866,889 

21,934,261 

28,932,628 

91,789,928 

43,803,661 

20,786,024 

23,017,637 

47,986,267 

78,456,380 

32,877,686 

14,419,064 

18,458,622 

45,578,694 

65,653,299 

23,724,333 

10,200,262 

13,524,071 

4,387,769 

9,136,302 

41,928,966 

8,720,327 

7,971,610 

4,813,443 

3,158,167 

748,717 

418,426 

330,291 

898,975 

761,406 

137,569 

9,738,143 

8,510,152 

7,545,849 

5,106,414 

2,439,435 

964,303 

571,169 

393,134 

1,227,991 

1,007,621 

220,370 

11,594,896 

9,276,707 

6,158,097 

3,118,610 

2,318,189 

1,384,700 

933,489 

14,204,149 

11,250,815 

7,453,398 

3,797,417 

2,953,334 

1,728,449 

1,224,885 

13,920,692 

10,500,942 

6,643,302 

3,857,640 

3,419,750 

13,515,886 

9,745,697 

5,883,074 

3,862,623 

3,770,189 

10,341,276 

6,859,078 

4,008,085 

2,850,993 

1,122,196 

1,728,797 

3,482,198 

5.8 73.5 72.6 90.7

6.7 58.3 57.1 82.9

7.5 31.5 30.5 50.0

5.8 26.8 26.5 32.8

2.4 15.2 15.6 7.8

2.5 8.2 8.4 4.3

2.3 7.0 7.2 3.4 

1.7 26.5 27.4 9.3

1.8 21.3 22.0 7.9

1.3 5.2 5.4 1.4 

5.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 

6.8 69.9 68.9 87.4

7.9 53.4 52.1 77.5

8.8 32.3 31.2 52.4

6.4 21.1 20.9 25.1

3.3 16.4 16.8 9.9

3.5 9.0 9.2 5.9

3.0 7.4 7.6 4.0 

2.3 30.1 31.1 12.6

2.5 22.6 23.3 10.3

1.6 7.5 7.8 2.3 

8.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 

12.5 56.5 54.3 80.0

16.2 28.9 26.5 53.1

8.6 27.7 27.7 26.9 

4.0 43.5 45.7 20.0

5.1 20.5 21.4 11.9

3.1 22.9 24.4 8.1 

11.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 

16.3 56.2 53.1 79.2

20.5 29.6 26.6 52.5

11.6 26.6 26.6 26.7 

5.5 43.8 46.9 20.8

7.3 19.3 20.2 12.2

4.1 24.6 26.6 8.6 

13.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 

19.3 51.4 47.7 75.4

24.2 25.9 22.6 47.7

14.4 25.4 25.1 27.7 

6.7 48.6 52.3 24.6 

14.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 

22.9 46.3 41.9 72.1

29.0 22.1 18.4 43.5

17.3 24.3 23.5 28.6 

7.6 53.7 58.1 27.9 

13.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 

22.4 40.2 36.1 66.3

28.2 18.7 15.5 38.8

17.4 21.5 20.6 27.6

20.4 7.3 6.7 10.9

15.9 14.3 13.9 16.7 

7.7 59.8 63.9 33.7 
.. 

. 

. 

.. 

.. 

.. 

.. 

Footnote:

1890 

Total................................... 62,622,250 53,372,703 9,249,547 14.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Urban.......................................... 22,559,367 16,880,232 5,679,135 25.2 36.0 31.6 61.4

 100,000 or more....................... 9,697,960 6,613,312 3,084,648 31.8 15.5 12.4 33.3

 Less than 100,000................... 12,861,407 10,266,920 2,594,487 20.2 20.5 19.2 28.0

 25,000 to 99,999.................. 4,291,608 3,294,329 997,279 23.2 6.9 6.2 10.8

 2,500 to 24,999.................... 8,569,799 6,972,591 1,597,208 18.6 13.7 13.1 17.3 

Rural........................................... 40,062,883 36,492,471 3,570,412 8.9 64.0 68.4 38.6 

1880 

Total................................... 50,155,783 43,475,840 6,679,943 13.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 

100,000 or more.......................... 6,210,909 4,260,285 1,950,624 31.4 12.4 9.8 29.2 

25,000 to 99,999......................... 2,394,284 1,829,060 565,224 23.6 4.8 4.2 8.5 

Remainder of population............. 41,550,590 37,386,495 4,164,095 10.0 82.8 86.0 62.3 

1870 

Total................................... 38,558,371 32,991,142 5,567,229 14.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 

100,000 or more.......................... 4,129,989 2,657,925 1,472,064 35.6 10.7 8.1 26.4 

25,000 to 99,999......................... 1,698,357 1,195,776 502,581 29.6 4.4 3.6 9.0 

Remainder of population............. 32,730,025 29,137,441 3,592,584 11.0 84.9 88.3 64.5 

* Indicates sample data.
 

Internet Release Date: February 2, 2006 
( , , g, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

(Leading dots indicate subparts)

Table 23. Nativity of the Population for the 50 Largest Urban Places: 1870 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

2000* 1990* 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Rank Place Total Native Number Percent Rank Place Total Native Number Percent 

1 New York city, NY........................... 8,008,278 5,137,246 2,871,032 35.9 1 New York city, NY.................. 7,322,564 5,239,633 2,082,931 28.4 

2 Los Angeles city, CA....................... 3,694,834 2,182,114 1,512,720 40.9 2 Los Angeles city, CA.............. 3,485,398 2,148,733 1,336,665 38.4 

3 Chicago city, IL............................... 2,895,964 2,267,058 628,906 21.7 3 Chicago city, IL...................... 2,783,726 2,314,539 469,187 16.9 

4 Houston city, TX............................. 1,954,848 1,438,743 516,105 26.4 4 Houston city, TX.................... 1,630,672 1,340,298 290,374 17.8 

5 Philadelphia city, PA....................... 1,517,550 1,380,345 137,205 9.0 5 Philadelphia city, PA.............. 1,585,577 1,480,763 104,814 6.6 

6 Phoenix city, AZ.............................. 1,320,994 1,063,669 257,325 19.5 6 San Diego city, CA................. 1,110,549 878,411 232,138 20.9 

7 San Diego city, CA.......................... 1,223,341 909,114 314,227 25.7 7 Detroit city, MI........................ 1,027,974 993,484 34,490 3.4 

8 Dallas city, TX................................. 1,188,204 897,768 290,436 24.4 8 Dallas city, TX........................ 1,006,831 880,969 125,862 12.5 

9 San Antonio city, TX....................... 1,144,554 1,010,879 133,675 11.7 9 Phoenix city, AZ..................... 983,403 898,731 84,672 8.6 

10 Detroit city, MI................................. 951,270 905,729 45,541 4.8 10 San Antonio city, TX.............. 935,927 848,378 87,549 9.4 

11 San Jose city, CA........................... 893,889 564,132 329,757 36.9 11 San Jose city, CA.................. 782,225 575,184 207,041 26.5 

12 Indianapolis city (balance), IN......... 782,414 746,347 36,067 4.6 12 Baltimore city, MD.................. 736,014 712,547 23,467 3.2 

13 San Francisco city, CA................... 776,733 491,192 285,541 36.8 13 Indianapolis city, IN................ 731,321 717,358 13,963 1.9 

14 Jacksonville city, FL........................ 735,503 691,842 43,661 5.9 14 San Francisco city, CA.......... 723,959 477,925 246,034 34.0 

15 Columbus city, OH.......................... 711,644 663,931 47,713 6.7 15 Jacksonville city, FL............... 635,230 613,467 21,763 3.4 

16 Austin city, TX................................. 656,302 547,296 109,006 16.6 16 Columbus city, OH................. 632,958 609,487 23,471 3.7 

17 Baltimore city, MD........................... 651,154 621,516 29,638 4.6 17 Milwaukee city, WI................. 628,088 598,421 29,667 4.7 

18 Memphis city, TN............................ 649,845 623,770 26,075 4.0 18 Memphis city, TN................... 610,337 602,039 8,298 1.4 

19 Milwaukee city, WI.......................... 596,956 550,834 46,122 7.7 19 Washington city, DC.............. 606,900 548,013 58,887 9.7 

20 Boston city, MA............................... 589,141 437,305 151,836 25.8 20 Boston city, MA...................... 574,283 459,686 114,597 20.0 

21 Washington city, DC....................... 572,059 498,498 73,561 12.9 21 Seattle city, WA..................... 516,259 448,523 67,736 13.1 

22 El Paso city, TX.............................. 564,280 416,775 147,505 26.1 22 El Paso city, TX..................... 515,342 394,910 120,432 23.4 

23 Seattle city, WA.............................. 563,375 468,423 94,952 16.9 23 Cleveland city, OH................. 505,616 484,641 20,975 4.1 

24 Denver city, CO.............................. 554,636 458,035 96,601 17.4 24 New Orleans city, LA............. 496,938 476,154 20,784 4.2 

25 Nashville-Davidson (balance), TN.. 545,549 506,613 38,936 7.1 25 Nashville-Davidson, TN......... 488,518 476,347 12,171 2.5 

26 Charlotte city, NC............................ 542,131 482,282 59,849 11.0 26 Denver city, CO..................... 467,610 432,895 34,715 7.4 

27 Fort Worth city, TX.......................... 535,420 448,300 87,120 16.3 27 Austin city, TX........................ 465,577 425,951 39,626 8.5 

28 Portland city, OR............................. 529,025 460,049 68,976 13.0 28 Fort Worth city, TX................. 447,619 407,319 40,300 9.0 

29 Oklahoma City city, OK................... 505,963 463,078 42,885 8.5 29 Oklahoma City city, OK.......... 444,730 425,998 18,732 4.2 

30 Tucson city, AZ............................... 486,591 417,115 69,476 14.3 30 Portland city, OR.................... 437,398 403,797 33,601 7.7 

31 New Orleans city, LA...................... 484,674 464,093 20,581 4.2 31 Kansas City city, MO............. 435,141 422,754 12,387 2.8 

32 Las Vegas city, NV......................... 478,868 388,212 90,656 18.9 32 Long Beach city, CA.............. 429,433 325,283 104,150 24.3 

33 Cleveland city, OH.......................... 478,393 457,021 21,372 4.5 33 Tucson city, AZ...................... 405,390 361,993 43,397 10.7 

34 Long Beach city, CA....................... 461,381 329,213 132,168 28.6 34 St. Louis city, MO................... 396,685 386,651 10,034 2.5 

35 Albuquerque city, NM..................... 448,627 408,865 39,762 8.9 35 Charlotte city, NC................... 396,003 380,884 15,119 3.8 

36 Kansas City city, MO...................... 441,269 415,637 25,632 5.8 36 Atlanta city, GA...................... 394,017 380,663 13,354 3.4 

37 Fresno city, CA............................... 427,224 340,287 86,937 20.3 37 Virginia Beach city, VA.......... 393,069 372,552 20,517 5.2 

38 Virginia Beach city, VA................... 425,257 396,981 28,276 6.6 38 Albuquerque city, NM............ 384,736 363,426 21,310 5.5 

39 Atlanta city, GA............................... 416,629 389,277 27,352 6.6 39 Oakland city, CA.................... 372,242 298,718 73,524 19.8 

40 Sacramento city, CA....................... 407,075 324,459 82,616 20.3 40 Pittsburgh city, PA................. 369,879 352,933 16,946 4.6 

41 Oakland city, CA............................. 399,477 293,361 106,116 26.6 41 Sacramento city, CA.............. 369,365 318,796 50,569 13.7 

42 Mesa city, AZ.................................. 397,215 352,669 44,546 11.2 42 Minneapolis city, MN.............. 368,383 345,759 22,624 6.1 

43 Tulsa city, OK................................. 393,051 367,386 25,665 6.5 43 Tulsa city, OK........................ 367,193 356,183 11,010 3.0 

44 Omaha city, NE............................... 390,112 364,425 25,687 6.6 44 Honolulu CDP, HI.................. 365,272 286,957 78,315 21.4 

45 Minneapolis city, MN....................... 382,452 326,977 55,475 14.5 45 Cincinnati city, OH................. 364,040 353,995 10,045 2.8 

46 Honolulu CDP, HI........................... 371,619 277,724 93,895 25.3 46 Miami city, FL......................... 358,548 144,420 214,128 59.7 

47 Miami city, FL.................................. 362,563 146,824 215,739 59.5 47 Fresno city, CA...................... 354,202 293,467 60,735 17.1 

48 Colorado Springs city, CO.............. 360,798 335,534 25,264 7.0 48 Omaha city, NE...................... 335,795 326,393 9,402 2.8 

49 St. Louis city, MO............................ 348,189 328,647 19,542 5.6 49 Toledo city, OH...................... 332,943 323,680 9,263 2.8 

50 Wichita city, KS............................... 343,997 316,059 27,938 8.1 50 Buffalo city, NY...................... 328,123 313,382 14,741 4.5 

1980* 1970* 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Rank Place Total Native Number Percent Rank Place Total Native Number Percent 

1 New York city, NY........................... 7,071,639 5,401,440 1,670,199 23.6 1 New York city, NY.................. 7,894,798 6,457,740 1,437,058 18.2 

2 Chicago city, IL............................... 3,005,078 2,569,846 435,232 14.5 2 Chicago city, IL...................... 3,362,947 2,989,028 373,919 11.1 

3 Los Angeles city, CA....................... 2,966,850 2,162,032 804,818 27.1 3 Los Angeles city, CA.............. 2,815,998 2,405,128 410,870 14.6 

4 Philadelphia city, PA....................... 1,688,210 1,580,259 107,951 6.4 4 Philadelphia city, PA.............. 1,948,608 1,821,712 126,896 6.5 

5 Houston city, TX............................. 1,595,167 1,439,590 155,577 9.8 5 Detroit city, MI........................ 1,511,322 1,391,975 119,347 7.9 

6 Detroit city, MI................................. 1,203,339 1,135,036 68,303 5.7 6 Houston city, TX.................... 1,231,572 1,194,071 37,501 3.0 

7 Dallas city, TX................................. 904,074 849,162 54,912 6.1 7 Baltimore city, MD.................. 905,757 877,047 28,710 3.2 

8 San Diego city, CA.......................... 875,538 744,632 130,906 15.0 8 Dallas city, TX........................ 844,280 826,854 17,426 2.1 

9 Phoenix city, AZ.............................. 789,704 745,042 44,662 5.7 9 Washington city, DC.............. 756,492 722,930 33,562 4.4 

10 Baltimore city, MD........................... 786,775 762,108 24,667 3.1 10 Cleveland city, OH................. 750,932 694,532 56,400 7.5 

11 San Antonio city, TX....................... 785,809 720,933 64,876 8.3 11 Indianapolis city, IN................ 744,768 733,895 10,873 1.5 
12 Indianapolis city, IN......................... 700,719 687,294 13,425 1.9 12 Milwaukee city, WI................. 717,110 677,534 39,576 5.5 

13 San Francisco city, CA................... 678,974 486,770 192,204 28.3 13 San Francisco city, CA.......... 715,673 561,166 154,507 21.6 

14 Memphis city, TN............................ 646,356 637,969 8,387 1.3 14 San Diego city, CA................. 696,474 643,497 52,977 7.6 

15 Washington city, DC....................... 638,333 597,774 40,559 6.4 15 San Antonio city, TX.............. 654,468 615,779 38,689 5.9 

16 Milwaukee city, WI.......................... 636,212 604,494 31,718 5.0 16 Boston city, MA...................... 641,056 557,068 83,988 13.1 

17 San Jose city, CA........................... 629,442 538,528 90,914 14.4 17 Memphis city, TN................... 623,753 618,652 5,101 0.8 

18 Cleveland city, OH.......................... 573,822 540,475 33,347 5.8 18 St. Louis city, MO................... 622,234 605,974 16,260 2.6 

19 Columbus city, OH.......................... 564,866 548,411 16,455 2.9 19 New Orleans city, LA............. 593,467 575,358 18,109 3.1 

20 Boston city, MA............................... 562,994 475,938 87,056 15.5 20 Phoenix city, AZ..................... 581,466 559,810 21,656 3.7 

21 New Orleans city, LA...................... 557,515 535,806 21,709 3.9 21 Columbus city, OH................. 539,469 528,275 11,194 2.1 

22 Jacksonville city, FL........................ 540,920 525,436 15,484 2.9 22 Seattle city, WA..................... 530,860 482,437 48,423 9.1 

23 Seattle city, WA.............................. 493,846 438,230 55,616 11.3 23 Jacksonville city, FL............... 528,865 519,169 9,696 1.8 

24 Denver city, CO.............................. 492,365 461,653 30,712 6.2 24 Pittsburgh city, PA................. 520,146 488,871 31,275 6.0 

25 Nashville-Davidson, TN.................. 455,663 448,000 7,663 1.7 25 Denver city, CO..................... 514,678 493,752 20,926 4.1 

26 St. Louis city, MO............................ 453,085 441,207 11,878 2.6 26 Kansas City city, MO............. 507,247 496,995 10,252 2.0 

27 Kansas City city, MO...................... 448,154 435,415 12,739 2.8 27 Atlanta city, GA...................... 497,046 491,194 5,852 1.2 

28 El Paso city, TX.............................. 425,259 334,352 90,907 21.4 28 Buffalo city, NY...................... 462,781 427,529 35,252 7.6 

29 Atlanta city, GA............................... 425,022 415,245 9,777 2.3 29 Cincinnati city, OH................. 452,376 440,039 12,337 2.7 

30 Pittsburgh city, PA.......................... 423,938 401,743 22,195 5.2 30 Nashville-Davidson, TN......... 448,003 444,315 3,688 0.8 

31 Oklahoma City city, OK................... 403,243 391,791 11,452 2.8 31 San Jose city, CA.................. 447,025 413,063 33,962 7.6 

32 Cincinnati city, OH.......................... 385,457 374,833 10,624 2.8 32 Minneapolis city, MN.............. 434,408 413,533 20,875 4.8 

33 Fort Worth city, TX.......................... 385,166 366,854 18,312 4.8 33 Fort Worth city, TX................. 393,516 387,577 5,939 1.5 

34 Minneapolis city, MN....................... 370,951 352,691 18,260 4.9 34 Toledo city, OH...................... 384,067 371,601 12,466 3.2 

35 Portland city, OR............................. 366,423 340,440 25,983 7.1 35 Newark city, NJ...................... 382,374 342,270 40,104 10.5 

36 Honolulu CDP, HI........................... 365,048 297,010 68,038 18.6 36 Portland city, OR.................... 381,927 360,847 21,080 5.5 

37 Long Beach city, CA....................... 361,334 309,923 51,411 14.2 37 Oklahoma City city, OK.......... 366,756 362,877 3,879 1.1 

38 Tulsa city, OK................................. 360,919 351,570 9,349 2.6 38 Oakland city, CA.................... 361,607 329,368 32,239 8.9 

39 Buffalo city, NY............................... 357,870 335,845 22,025 6.2 39 Louisville city, KY................... 361,496 358,058 3,438 1.0 

40 Toledo city, OH............................... 354,635 343,625 11,010 3.1 40 Long Beach city, CA.............. 358,622 334,370 24,252 6.8 

41 Miami city, FL.................................. 346,865 160,585 186,280 53.7 41 Omaha city, NE...................... 347,790 337,053 10,737 3.1 

42 Austin city, TX................................. 345,544 328,840 16,704 4.8 42 Miami city, FL......................... 335,062 194,855 140,207 41.8 

43 Oakland city, CA............................. 339,337 296,758 42,579 12.5 43 Tulsa city, OK........................ 331,768 328,269 3,499 1.1 

44 Albuquerque city, NM..................... 331,767 316,711 15,056 4.5 44 Honolulu CDP, HI.................. 324,869 289,644 35,225 10.8 

45 Tucson city, AZ............................... 330,537 304,331 26,206 7.9 45 El Paso city, TX..................... 322,261 277,919 44,342 13.8 

46 Newark city, NJ............................... 329,248 281,509 47,739 14.5 46 St. Paul city, MN.................... 310,004 297,966 12,038 3.9 

47 Charlotte city, NC............................ 314,447 305,705 8,742 2.8 47 Norfolk city, VA...................... 307,951 300,477 7,474 2.4 

48 Omaha city, NE............................... 314,267 304,103 10,164 3.2 48 Birmingham city, AL............... 300,559 298,440 2,119 0.7 

49 Louisville city, KY............................ 298,455 294,293 4,162 1.4 49 Rochester city, NY................. 296,233 265,003 31,230 10.5 

50 Birmingham city, AL........................ 284,413 281,182 3,231 1.1 50 Tampa city, FL....................... 277,748 261,381 16,367 5.9 

1960* 1950* 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Rank Place Total Native Number Percent Rank Place Total Native Number Percent 

1 New York city, NY........................... 7,783,314 6,224,624 1,558,690 20.0 1 New York city, NY.................. 7,887,380 6,026,450 1,860,930 23.6 

2 Chicago city, IL............................... 3,550,404 3,112,012 438,392 12.3 2 Chicago city, IL...................... 3,611,580 3,078,610 532,970 14.8 

3 Los Angeles city, CA....................... 2,481,456 2,169,779 311,677 12.6 3 Philadelphia city, PA.............. 2,068,095 1,830,300 237,795 11.5 

4 Philadelphia city, PA....................... 2,002,509 1,824,082 178,427 8.9 4 Los Angeles city, CA.............. 1,965,150 1,702,210 262,940 13.4 

5 Detroit city, MI................................. 1,670,144 1,468,431 201,713 12.1 5 Detroit city, MI........................ 1,846,660 1,568,400 278,260 15.1 

6 Baltimore city, MD........................... 939,024 899,337 39,687 4.2 6 Baltimore city, MD.................. 945,940 893,295 52,645 5.6 

7 Houston city, TX............................. 938,219 913,920 24,299 2.6 7 Cleveland city, OH................. 912,840 779,960 132,880 14.6 

8 Cleveland city, OH.......................... 876,050 779,466 96,584 11.0 8 St. Louis city, MO................... 853,490 811,435 42,055 4.9 

9 Washington city, DC....................... 763,956 724,985 38,971 5.1 9 Washington city, DC.............. 800,830 758,090 42,740 5.3 

10 St. Louis city, MO............................ 750,026 723,547 26,479 3.5 10 Boston city, MA...................... 800,590 651,590 149,000 18.6 

11 Milwaukee city, WI.......................... 741,324 684,310 57,014 7.7 11 San Francisco city, CA.......... 775,075 638,065 137,010 17.7 

12 San Francisco city, CA................... 740,316 597,785 142,531 19.3 12 Pittsburgh city, PA................. 675,465 609,895 65,570 9.7 

13 Boston city, MA............................... 697,938 587,974 109,964 15.8 13 Milwaukee city, WI................. 636,005 572,815 63,190 9.9 

14 Dallas city, TX................................. 679,684 666,964 12,720 1.9 14 Houston city, TX.................... 594,585 577,030 17,555 3.0 

15 New Orleans city, LA...................... 627,525 612,945 14,580 2.3 15 Buffalo city, NY...................... 577,825 507,320 70,505 12.2 

16 Pittsburgh city, PA.......................... 604,332 559,079 45,253 7.5 16 New Orleans city, LA............. 568,680 553,335 15,345 2.7 

17 San Antonio city, TX....................... 588,042 548,258 39,784 6.8 17 Minneapolis city, MN.............. 519,245 470,455 48,790 9.4 

18 San Diego city, CA.......................... 573,224 532,797 40,427 7.1 18 Cincinnati city, OH................. 502,010 481,485 20,525 4.1 

19 Seattle city, WA.............................. 557,087 497,367 59,720 10.7 19 Seattle city, WA..................... 466,110 406,845 59,265 12.7 

20 Buffalo city, NY............................... 532,759 477,739 55,020 10.3 20 Kansas City city, MO............. 456,710 440,660 16,050 3.5 

21 Cincinnati city, OH.......................... 502,550 485,950 16,600 3.3 21 Newark city, NJ...................... 437,540 365,730 71,810 16.4 

22 Memphis city, TN............................ 497,524 493,112 4,412 0.9 22 Dallas city, TX........................ 432,970 424,620 8,350 1.9 

23 Denver city, CO.............................. 493,887 470,134 23,753 4.8 23 Indianapolis city, IN................ 426,945 418,015 8,930 2.1 

24 Atlanta city, GA............................... 487,275 482,680 4,595 0.9 24 Denver city, CO..................... 415,760 392,650 23,110 5.6 

25 Minneapolis city, MN....................... 482,872 448,424 34,448 7.1 25 San Antonio city, TX.............. 407,335 374,340 32,995 8.1 

26 Indianapolis city, IN......................... 476,258 467,642 8,616 1.8 26 Memphis city, TN................... 394,985 390,650 4,335 1.1 

27 Kansas City city, MO...................... 476,500 463,329 13,171 2.8 27 Oakland city, CA.................... 383,200 342,455 40,745 10.6 

28 Columbus city, OH.......................... 471,316 460,264 11,052 2.3 28 Portland city, OR.................... 373,105 338,185 34,920 9.4 

29 Phoenix city, AZ.............................. 439,170 419,732 19,438 4.4 29 Louisville city, KY................... 367,375 362,485 4,890 1.3 

30 Newark city, NJ............................... 405,220 355,261 49,959 12.3 30 Columbus city, OH................. 362,205 351,740 10,465 2.9 
31 Louisville city, KY............................ 390,639 386,683 3,956 1.0 31 San Diego city, CA................. 333,865 308,605 25,260 7.6 

32 Portland city, OR............................. 372,664 345,238 27,426 7.4 32 Atlanta city, GA...................... 331,210 327,015 4,195 1.3 

33 Oakland city, CA............................. 367,548 332,369 35,179 9.6 33 Rochester city, NY................. 330,990 281,945 49,045 14.8 

34 Fort Worth city, TX.......................... 356,729 351,913 4,816 1.4 34 Birmingham city, AL............... 325,745 321,925 3,820 1.2 

35 Long Beach city, CA....................... 344,153 322,700 21,453 6.2 35 St. Paul city, MN.................... 310,220 285,755 24,465 7.9 

36 Birmingham city, AL........................ 340,887 338,260 2,627 0.8 36 Toledo city, OH...................... 303,725 283,650 20,075 6.6 

37 Oklahoma City city, OK................... 324,253 320,757 3,496 1.1 37 Jersey City city, NJ................ 299,130 257,740 41,390 13.8 

38 Rochester city, NY.......................... 318,611 276,567 42,044 13.2 38 Fort Worth city, TX................. 277,585 273,465 4,120 1.5 

39 Toledo city, OH............................... 318,003 302,620 15,383 4.8 39 Akron city, OH........................ 273,710 252,855 20,855 7.6 

40 St. Paul city, MN............................. 313,411 295,997 17,414 5.6 40 Long Beach city, CA.............. 250,135 233,875 16,260 6.5 

41 Norfolk city, VA............................... 305,872 300,091 5,781 1.9 41 Omaha city, NE...................... 249,740 232,210 17,530 7.0 

42 Omaha city, NE............................... 301,598 287,215 14,383 4.8 42 Miami city, FL......................... 248,970 218,850 30,120 12.1 

43 Honolulu CDP, HI........................... 294,194 263,216 30,978 10.5 43 Providence city, RI................. 248,520 209,085 39,435 15.9 

44 Miami city, FL.................................. 291,688 242,442 49,246 16.9 44 Dayton city, OH...................... 243,050 234,985 8,065 3.3 

45 Akron city, OH................................. 290,351 272,988 17,363 6.0 45 Oklahoma City city, OK.......... 242,085 239,380 2,705 1.1 

46 El Paso city, TX.............................. 276,687 233,673 43,014 15.5 46 Richmond city, VA................. 229,655 225,800 3,855 1.7 

47 Jersey City city, NJ......................... 276,101 245,128 30,973 11.2 47 Syracuse city, NY.................. 218,830 195,335 23,495 10.7 

48 Tampa city, FL................................ 274,970 258,986 15,984 5.8 48 Norfolk city, VA...................... 214,360 209,290 5,070 2.4 

49 Dayton city, OH............................... 262,332 256,234 6,098 2.3 49 Jacksonville city, FL............... 204,275 199,995 4,280 2.1 

50 Tulsa city, OK................................. 261,685 258,738 2,947 1.1 50 Worcester city, MA................. 202,940 168,925 34,015 16.8 

1940 1930 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Rank Place Total Native Number Percent Rank Place Total Native Number Percent 

1 New York city, NY........................... 7,454,995 5,316,338 2,138,657 28.7 1 New York city, NY.................. 6,930,446 4,571,760 2,358,686 34.0 

2 Chicago city, IL............................... 3,396,808 2,721,661 675,147 19.9 2 Chicago city, IL...................... 3,376,438 2,517,029 859,409 25.5 

3 Philadelphia city, PA....................... 1,931,334 1,638,788 292,546 15.1 3 Philadelphia city, PA.............. 1,950,961 1,578,883 372,078 19.1 

4 Detroit city, MI................................. 1,623,452 1,300,764 322,688 19.9 4 Detroit city, MI........................ 1,568,662 1,162,780 405,882 25.9 

5 Los Angeles city, CA....................... 1,504,277 1,277,240 227,037 15.1 5 Los Angeles city, CA.............. 1,238,048 990,913 247,135 20.0 

6 Cleveland city, OH.......................... 878,336 698,552 179,784 20.5 6 Cleveland city, OH................. 900,429 669,483 230,946 25.6 

7 Baltimore city, MD........................... 859,100 797,402 61,698 7.2 7 St. Louis city, MO................... 821,960 740,614 81,346 9.9 

8 St. Louis city, MO............................ 816,048 756,401 59,647 7.3 8 Baltimore city, MD.................. 804,874 729,426 75,448 9.4 

9 Boston city, MA............................... 770,816 586,736 184,080 23.9 9 Boston city, MA...................... 781,188 547,501 233,687 29.9 

10 Pittsburgh city, PA.......................... 671,659 586,756 84,903 12.6 10 Pittsburgh city, PA................. 669,817 560,132 109,685 16.4 

11 Washington city, DC....................... 663,091 628,175 34,916 5.3 11 San Francisco city, CA.......... 634,394 462,753 171,641 27.1 

12 San Francisco city, CA................... 634,536 494,513 140,023 22.1 12 Milwaukee city, WI................. 578,249 467,638 110,611 19.1 

13 Milwaukee city, WI.......................... 587,472 503,531 83,941 14.3 13 Buffalo city, NY...................... 573,076 454,135 118,941 20.8 

14 Buffalo city, NY............................... 575,901 483,500 92,401 16.0 14 Washington city, DC.............. 486,869 456,136 30,733 6.3 

15 New Orleans city, LA...................... 494,537 479,334 15,203 3.1 15 Minneapolis city, MN.............. 464,356 383,233 81,123 17.5 

16 Minneapolis city, MN....................... 492,370 428,006 64,364 13.1 16 New Orleans city, LA............. 458,762 437,716 21,046 4.6 

17 Cincinnati city, OH.......................... 455,610 429,712 25,898 5.7 17 Cincinnati city, OH................. 451,160 416,174 34,986 7.8 

18 Newark city, NJ............................... 429,760 338,889 90,871 21.1 18 Newark city, NJ...................... 442,337 326,202 116,135 26.3 

19 Kansas City city, MO...................... 399,178 379,758 19,420 4.9 19 Kansas City city, MO............. 399,746 373,548 26,198 6.6 

20 Indianapolis city, IN......................... 386,972 376,344 10,628 2.7 20 Seattle city, WA..................... 365,583 287,241 78,342 21.4 

21 Houston city, TX............................. 384,514 369,050 15,464 4.0 21 Indianapolis city, IN................ 364,161 350,307 13,854 3.8 

22 Seattle city, WA.............................. 368,302 304,832 63,470 17.2 22 Rochester city, NY................. 328,132 253,293 74,839 22.8 

23 Rochester city, NY.......................... 324,975 264,737 60,238 18.5 23 Jersey City city, NJ................ 316,715 246,027 70,688 22.3 

24 Denver city, CO.............................. 322,412 297,430 24,982 7.7 24 Louisville city, KY................... 307,745 298,714 9,031 2.9 

25 Louisville city, KY............................ 319,077 312,832 6,245 2.0 25 Portland city, OR.................... 301,815 251,587 50,228 16.6 

26 Columbus city, OH.......................... 306,087 294,035 12,052 3.9 26 Houston city, TX.................... 292,352 274,415 17,937 6.1 

27 Portland city, OR............................. 305,394 265,389 40,005 13.1 27 Toledo city, OH...................... 290,718 256,717 34,001 11.7 

28 Atlanta city, GA............................... 302,288 297,934 4,354 1.4 28 Columbus city, OH................. 290,564 275,122 15,442 5.3 

29 Oakland city, CA............................. 302,163 257,622 44,541 14.7 29 Denver city, CO..................... 287,861 255,004 32,857 11.4 

30 Jersey City city, NJ......................... 301,173 247,797 53,376 17.7 30 Oakland city, CA.................... 284,063 230,032 54,031 19.0 

31 Dallas city, TX................................. 294,734 287,339 7,395 2.5 31 St. Paul city, MN.................... 271,606 226,954 44,652 16.4 

32 Memphis city, TN............................ 292,942 288,431 4,511 1.5 32 Atlanta city, GA...................... 270,366 265,574 4,792 1.8 

33 St. Paul city, MN............................. 287,736 254,020 33,716 11.7 33 Dallas city, TX........................ 260,475 251,014 9,461 3.6 

34 Toledo city, OH............................... 282,349 257,493 24,856 8.8 34 Birmingham city, AL............... 259,678 253,764 5,914 2.3 

35 Birmingham city, AL........................ 267,583 263,127 4,456 1.7 35 Akron city, OH........................ 255,040 223,346 31,694 12.4 

36 San Antonio city, TX....................... 253,854 225,558 28,296 11.1 36 Memphis city, TN................... 253,143 247,816 5,327 2.1 

37 Providence city, RI.......................... 253,504 201,655 51,849 20.5 37 Providence city, RI................. 252,981 187,626 65,355 25.8 

38 Akron city, OH................................. 244,791 219,313 25,478 10.4 38 San Antonio city, TX.............. 231,542 190,830 40,712 17.6 

39 Omaha city, NE............................... 223,844 201,455 22,389 10.0 39 Omaha city, NE...................... 214,006 184,480 29,526 13.8 

40 Dayton city, OH............................... 210,718 201,357 9,361 4.4 40 Syracuse city, NY.................. 209,326 174,176 35,150 16.8 

41 Syracuse city, NY........................... 205,967 178,335 27,632 13.4 41 Dayton city, OH...................... 200,982 188,888 12,094 6.0 

42 Oklahoma City city, OK................... 204,424 201,573 2,851 1.4 42 Worcester city, MA................. 195,311 144,150 51,161 26.2 

43 San Diego city, CA.......................... 203,341 183,228 20,113 9.9 43 Oklahoma City city, OK.......... 185,389 181,667 3,722 2.0 

44 Worcester city, MA.......................... 193,694 153,634 40,060 20.7 44 Richmond city, VA................. 182,929 178,810 4,119 2.3 

45 Richmond city, VA.......................... 193,042 189,555 3,487 1.8 45 Youngstown city, OH............. 170,002 136,771 33,231 19.5 

46 Fort Worth city, TX.......................... 177,662 174,098 3,564 2.0 46 Grand Rapids city, MI............ 168,592 141,243 27,349 16.2 

47 Jacksonville city, FL........................ 173,065 168,970 4,095 2.4 47 Hartford city, CT..................... 164,072 119,416 44,656 27.2 

48 Miami city, FL.................................. 172,172 155,547 16,625 9.7 48 Fort Worth city, TX................. 163,447 158,514 4,933 3.0 
49 Youngstown city, OH...................... 167,720 141,002 26,718 15.9 49 New Haven city, CT............... 162,655 122,111 40,544 24.9 

50 Nashville city, TN............................ 167,402 165,846 1,556 0.9 50 Flint city, MI............................ 156,492 135,028 21,464 13.7 

1920 1910 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Rank Place Total Native Number Percent Rank Place Total Native Number Percent 

1 New York city, NY........................... 5,620,048 3,591,888 2,028,160 36.1 1 New York city, NY.................. 4,766,883 2,822,526 1,944,357 40.8 

2 Chicago city, IL............................... 2,701,705 1,893,147 808,558 29.9 2 Chicago city, IL...................... 2,185,283 1,401,855 783,428 35.9 

3 Philadelphia city, PA....................... 1,823,779 1,423,035 400,744 22.0 3 Philadelphia city, PA.............. 1,549,008 1,164,301 384,707 24.8 

4 Detroit city, MI................................. 993,678 702,794 290,884 29.3 4 St. Louis city, MO................... 687,029 560,806 126,223 18.4 

5 Cleveland city, OH.......................... 796,841 556,668 240,173 30.1 5 Boston city, MA...................... 670,585 427,220 243,365 36.3 

6 St. Louis city, MO............................ 772,897 669,271 103,626 13.4 6 Cleveland city, OH................. 560,663 364,493 196,170 35.0 

7 Boston city, MA............................... 748,060 505,441 242,619 32.4 7 Baltimore city, MD.................. 558,485 480,823 77,662 13.9 

8 Baltimore city, MD........................... 733,826 649,017 84,809 11.6 8 Pittsburgh city, PA................. 533,905 392,981 140,924 26.4 

9 Pittsburgh city, PA.......................... 588,343 467,551 120,792 20.5 9 Detroit city, MI........................ 465,766 308,232 157,534 33.8 

10 Los Angeles city, CA....................... 576,673 454,542 122,131 21.2 10 Buffalo city, NY...................... 423,715 305,026 118,689 28.0 

11 Buffalo city, NY............................... 506,775 384,951 121,824 24.0 11 San Francisco city, CA.......... 416,912 274,614 142,298 34.1 

12 San Francisco city, CA................... 506,676 357,481 149,195 29.4 12 Milwaukee city, WI................. 373,857 262,328 111,529 29.8 

13 Milwaukee city, WI.......................... 457,147 346,987 110,160 24.1 13 Cincinnati city, OH................. 363,591 306,732 56,859 15.6 

14 Washington city, DC....................... 437,571 408,206 29,365 6.7 14 Newark city, NJ...................... 347,469 236,462 111,007 31.9 

15 Newark city, NJ............................... 414,524 296,975 117,549 28.4 15 New Orleans city, LA............. 339,075 310,742 28,333 8.4 

16 Cincinnati city, OH.......................... 401,247 358,326 42,921 10.7 16 Washington city, DC.............. 331,069 306,167 24,902 7.5 

17 New Orleans city, LA...................... 387,219 359,854 27,365 7.1 17 Los Angeles city, CA.............. 319,198 253,065 66,133 20.7 

18 Minneapolis city, MN....................... 380,582 292,334 88,248 23.2 18 Minneapolis city, MN.............. 301,408 215,309 86,099 28.6 

19 Kansas City city, MO...................... 324,410 296,827 27,583 8.5 19 Jersey City city, NJ................ 267,779 189,792 77,987 29.1 

20 Seattle city, WA.............................. 315,312 234,336 80,976 25.7 20 Kansas City city, MO............. 248,381 222,915 25,466 10.3 

21 Indianapolis city, IN......................... 314,194 297,098 17,096 5.4 21 Seattle city, WA..................... 237,194 169,738 67,456 28.4 

22 Jersey City city, NJ......................... 298,103 221,809 76,294 25.6 22 Indianapolis city, IN................ 233,650 213,808 19,842 8.5 

23 Rochester city, NY.......................... 295,750 224,339 71,411 24.1 23 Providence city, RI................. 224,326 147,327 76,999 34.3 

24 Portland city, OR............................. 258,288 208,510 49,778 19.3 24 Louisville city, KY................... 223,928 206,455 17,473 7.8 

25 Denver city, CO.............................. 256,491 218,261 38,230 14.9 25 Rochester city, NY................. 218,149 159,073 59,076 27.1 

26 Toledo city, OH............................... 243,164 204,868 38,296 15.7 26 St. Paul city, MN.................... 214,744 158,087 56,657 26.4 

27 Providence city, RI.......................... 237,595 167,700 69,895 29.4 27 Denver city, CO..................... 213,381 173,632 39,749 18.6 

28 Columbus city, OH.......................... 237,031 220,844 16,187 6.8 28 Portland city, OR.................... 207,214 156,902 50,312 24.3 

29 Louisville city, KY............................ 234,891 223,224 11,667 5.0 29 Columbus city, OH................. 181,511 165,148 16,363 9.0 

30 St. Paul city, MN............................. 234,698 182,976 51,722 22.0 30 Toledo city, OH...................... 168,497 136,353 32,144 19.1 

31 Oakland city, CA............................. 216,261 166,366 49,895 23.1 31 Atlanta city, GA...................... 154,839 150,338 4,501 2.9 

32 Akron city, OH................................. 208,435 170,414 38,021 18.2 32 Oakland city, CA.................... 150,174 109,328 40,846 27.2 

33 Atlanta city, GA............................... 200,616 195,827 4,789 2.4 33 Worcester city, MA................. 145,986 97,389 48,597 33.3 

34 Omaha city, NE............................... 191,601 155,956 35,645 18.6 34 Syracuse city, NY.................. 137,249 106,401 30,848 22.5 

35 Worcester city, MA.......................... 179,754 126,227 53,527 29.8 35 New Haven city, CT............... 133,605 90,616 42,989 32.2 

36 Birmingham city, AL........................ 178,806 172,666 6,140 3.4 36 Birmingham city, AL............... 132,685 126,955 5,730 4.3 

37 Syracuse city, NY........................... 171,717 139,334 32,383 18.9 37 Memphis city, TN................... 131,105 124,585 6,520 5.0 

38 Richmond city, VA.......................... 171,667 166,954 4,713 2.7 38 Scranton city, PA................... 129,867 94,745 35,122 27.0 

39 New Haven city, CT........................ 162,537 116,413 46,124 28.4 39 Richmond city, VA................. 127,628 123,492 4,136 3.2 

40 Memphis city, TN............................ 162,351 156,507 5,844 3.6 40 Paterson city, NJ.................... 125,600 80,115 45,485 36.2 

41 San Antonio city, TX....................... 161,379 124,555 36,824 22.8 41 Omaha city, NE...................... 124,096 96,917 27,179 21.9 

42 Dallas city, TX................................. 158,976 150,175 8,801 5.5 42 Fall River city, MA.................. 119,295 68,337 50,958 42.7 

43 Dayton city, OH............................... 152,559 139,394 13,165 8.6 43 Dayton city, OH...................... 116,577 102,685 13,892 11.9 

44 Bridgeport city, CT.......................... 143,555 96,773 46,782 32.6 44 Grand Rapids city, MI............ 112,571 84,184 28,387 25.2 

45 Houston city, TX............................. 138,276 126,188 12,088 8.7 45 Nashville city, TN................... 110,364 107,347 3,017 2.7 

46 Hartford city, CT.............................. 138,036 97,124 40,912 29.6 46 Lowell city, MA....................... 106,294 62,800 43,494 40.9 

47 Scranton city, PA............................ 137,783 109,196 28,587 20.7 47 Cambridge city, MA............... 104,839 69,511 35,328 33.7 

48 Grand Rapids city, MI..................... 137,634 109,207 28,427 20.7 48 Spokane city, WA.................. 104,402 82,582 21,820 20.9 

49 Paterson city, NJ............................. 135,875 90,633 45,242 33.3 49 Bridgeport city, CT................. 102,054 65,790 36,264 35.5 

50 Youngstown city, OH...................... 132,358 98,413 33,945 25.6 50 Albany city, NY...................... 100,253 82,035 18,218 18.2 

1900 1890 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Rank Place Total Native Number Percent Rank Place Total Native Number Percent 

1 New York city, NY........................... 3,437,202 2,167,122 1,270,080 37.0 1 New York city, NY.................. 1,515,301 875,358 639,943 42.2 

2 Chicago city, IL............................... 1,698,575 1,111,463 587,112 34.6 2 Chicago city, IL...................... 1,099,850 649,184 450,666 41.0 

3 Philadelphia city, PA....................... 1,293,697 998,357 295,340 22.8 3 Philadelphia city, PA.............. 1,046,964 777,484 269,480 25.7 

4 St. Louis city, MO............................ 575,238 463,882 111,356 19.4 4 Brooklyn city, NY................... 806,343 544,643 261,700 32.5 

5 Boston city, MA............................... 560,892 363,763 197,129 35.1 5 St. Louis city, MO................... 451,770 336,894 114,876 25.4 

6 Baltimore city, MD........................... 508,957 440,357 68,600 13.5 6 Boston city, MA...................... 448,477 290,305 158,172 35.3 

7 Cleveland city, OH.......................... 381,768 257,137 124,631 32.6 7 Baltimore city, MD.................. 434,439 365,436 69,003 15.9 

8 Buffalo city, NY............................... 352,387 248,135 104,252 29.6 8 San Francisco city, CA.......... 298,997 172,186 126,811 42.4 

9 San Francisco city, CA................... 342,782 225,897 116,885 34.1 9 Cincinnati city, OH................. 296,908 225,500 71,408 24.1 

10 Cincinnati city, OH.......................... 325,902 267,941 57,961 17.8 10 Cleveland city, OH................. 261,353 164,258 97,095 37.2 

11 Pittsburgh city, PA.......................... 321,616 236,738 84,878 26.4 11 Buffalo city, NY...................... 255,664 166,179 89,485 35.0 

12 New Orleans city, LA...................... 287,104 256,779 30,325 10.6 12 New Orleans city, LA............. 242,039 207,670 34,369 14.2 
13 Detroit city, MI................................. 285,704 189,201 96,503 33.8 13 Pittsburgh city, PA................. 238,617 165,328 73,289 30.7 

14 Milwaukee city, WI.......................... 285,315 196,324 88,991 31.2 14 Washington city, DC.............. 230,392 211,622 18,770 8.1 

15 Washington city, DC....................... 278,718 258,599 20,119 7.2 15 Detroit city, MI........................ 205,876 124,167 81,709 39.7 

16 Newark city, NJ............................... 246,070 174,707 71,363 29.0 16 Milwaukee city, WI................. 204,468 124,892 79,576 38.9 

17 Jersey City city, NJ......................... 206,433 148,009 58,424 28.3 17 Newark city, NJ...................... 181,830 126,259 55,571 30.6 

18 Louisville city, KY............................ 204,731 183,304 21,427 10.5 18 Minneapolis city, MN.............. 164,738 104,180 60,558 36.8 

19 Minneapolis city, MN....................... 202,718 141,697 61,021 30.1 19 Jersey City city, NJ................ 163,003 109,645 53,358 32.7 

20 Providence city, RI.......................... 175,597 119,742 55,855 31.8 20 Louisville city, KY................... 161,129 137,619 23,510 14.6 

21 Indianapolis city, IN......................... 169,164 152,042 17,122 10.1 21 Omaha city, NE...................... 140,452 105,413 35,039 24.9 

22 Kansas City city, MO...................... 163,752 145,342 18,410 11.2 22 Rochester city, NY................. 133,896 94,121 39,775 29.7 

23 St. Paul city, MN............................. 163,065 116,246 46,819 28.7 23 St. Paul city, MN.................... 133,156 79,979 53,177 39.9 

24 Rochester city, NY.......................... 162,608 121,860 40,748 25.1 24 Kansas City city, MO............. 132,716 111,858 20,858 15.7 

25 Denver city, CO.............................. 133,859 108,558 25,301 18.9 25 Providence city, RI................. 132,146 91,782 40,364 30.5 

26 Toledo city, OH............................... 131,822 104,000 27,822 21.1 26 Denver city, CO..................... 106,713 81,249 25,464 23.9 

27 Allegheny city, PA........................... 129,896 99,680 30,216 23.3 27 Indianapolis city, IN................ 105,436 90,949 14,487 13.7 

28 Columbus city, OH.......................... 125,560 113,232 12,328 9.8 28 Allegheny city, PA.................. 105,287 79,152 26,135 24.8 

29 Worcester city, MA.......................... 118,421 80,769 37,652 31.8 29 Albany city, NY...................... 94,923 72,630 22,293 23.5 

30 Syracuse city, NY........................... 108,374 84,617 23,757 21.9 30 Columbus city, OH................. 88,150 75,662 12,488 14.2 

31 New Haven city, CT........................ 108,027 77,225 30,802 28.5 31 Syracuse city, NY.................. 88,143 65,801 22,342 25.3 

32 Paterson city, NJ............................. 105,171 66,380 38,791 36.9 32 New Haven city, CT............... 81,298 58,304 22,994 28.3 

33 Fall River city, MA........................... 104,863 54,821 50,042 47.7 33 Worcester city, MA................. 84,655 57,952 26,703 31.5 

34 St. Joseph city, MO......................... 102,979 94,555 8,424 8.2 34 Toledo city, OH...................... 81,434 59,245 22,189 27.2 

35 Omaha city, NE............................... 102,555 79,003 23,552 23.0 35 Richmond city, VA................. 81,388 77,915 3,473 4.3 

36 Los Angeles city, CA....................... 102,479 82,515 19,964 19.5 36 Paterson city, NJ.................... 78,347 47,185 31,162 39.8 

37 Memphis city, TN............................ 102,320 97,210 5,110 5.0 37 Lowell city, MA....................... 77,696 43,095 34,601 44.5 

38 Scranton city, PA............................ 102,026 73,053 28,973 28.4 38 Nashville city, TN................... 76,168 72,374 3,794 5.0 

39 Lowell city, MA................................ 94,969 53,995 40,974 43.1 39 Scranton city, PA................... 75,215 49,642 25,573 34.0 

40 Albany city, NY............................... 94,151 76,433 17,718 18.8 40 Fall River city, MA.................. 74,398 36,664 37,734 50.7 

41 Cambridge city, MA........................ 91,886 61,420 30,466 33.2 41 Cambridge city, MA............... 70,028 46,177 23,851 34.1 

42 Portland city, OR............................. 90,426 64,550 25,876 28.6 42 Atlanta city, GA...................... 65,533 63,662 1,871 2.9 

43 Atlanta city, GA............................... 89,872 87,341 2,531 2.8 43 Memphis city, TN................... 64,495 59,095 5,400 8.4 

44 Grand Rapids city, MI..................... 87,565 63,669 23,896 27.3 44 Wilmington city, DE................ 61,431 52,332 9,099 14.8 

45 Dayton city, OH............................... 85,333 75,280 10,053 11.8 45 Dayton city, OH...................... 61,220 51,633 9,587 15.7 

46 Richmond city, VA.......................... 85,050 82,185 2,865 3.4 46 Troy city, NY.......................... 60,956 43,691 17,265 28.3 

47 Nashville city, TN............................ 80,865 77,828 3,037 3.8 47 Grand Rapids city, MI............ 60,278 40,874 19,404 32.2 

48 Seattle city, WA.............................. 80,671 58,668 22,003 27.3 48 Reading city, PA.................... 58,661 53,929 4,732 8.1 

49 Hartford city, CT.............................. 79,850 56,092 23,758 29.8 49 Camden city, NJ.................... 58,313 50,580 7,733 13.3 

50 Reading city, PA............................. 78,961 73,021 5,940 7.5 50 Trenton city, NJ...................... 57,458 43,410 14,048 24.4 

1880 1870 

Foreign born Foreign born 

Rank Place Total Native Number Percent Rank Place Total Native Number Percent 

1 New York city, NY........................... 1,206,299 727,629 478,670 39.7 1 New York city, NY.................. 942,292 523,198 419,094 44.5 

2 Philadelphia city, PA....................... 847,170 642,835 204,335 24.1 2 Philadelphia city, PA.............. 674,022 490,398 183,624 27.2 

3 Brooklyn city, NY............................ 566,663 388,969 177,694 31.4 3 Brooklyn city, NY................... 396,099 251,381 144,718 36.5 

4 Chicago city, IL............................... 503,185 298,326 204,859 40.7 4 St. Louis city, MO................... 310,864 198,615 112,249 36.1 

5 Boston city, MA............................... 362,839 248,043 114,796 31.6 5 Chicago city, IL...................... 298,977 154,420 144,557 48.4 

6 St. Louis city, MO............................ 350,518 245,505 105,013 30.0 6 Baltimore city, MD.................. 267,354 210,870 56,484 21.1 

7 Baltimore city, MD........................... 332,313 276,177 56,136 16.9 7 Boston city, MA...................... 250,526 162,540 87,986 35.1 

8 Cincinnati city, OH.......................... 255,139 183,480 71,659 28.1 8 Cincinnati city, OH................. 216,239 136,627 79,612 36.8 

9 San Francisco city, CA................... 233,959 129,715 104,244 44.6 9 New Orleans city, LA............. 191,418 142,943 48,475 25.3 

10 New Orleans city, LA...................... 216,090 174,933 41,157 19.0 10 San Francisco city, CA.......... 149,473 75,754 73,719 49.3 

11 Cleveland city, OH.......................... 160,146 100,737 59,409 37.1 11 Buffalo city, NY...................... 117,714 71,477 46,237 39.3 

12 Pittsburgh city, PA.......................... 156,389 111,784 44,605 28.5 12 Washington city, DC.............. 109,199 95,442 13,757 12.6 

13 Buffalo city, NY............................... 155,134 103,866 51,268 33.0 13 Newark city, NJ...................... 105,059 69,175 35,884 34.2 

14 Washington city, DC....................... 147,293 133,051 14,242 9.7 14 Louisville city, KY................... 100,753 75,085 25,668 25.5 

15 Newark city, NJ............................... 136,508 96,178 40,330 29.5 15 Cleveland city, OH................. 92,829 54,014 38,815 41.8 

16 Louisville city, KY............................ 123,758 100,602 23,156 18.7 16 Pittsburgh city, PA................. 86,076 58,254 27,822 32.3 

17 Jersey City city, NJ......................... 120,722 81,464 39,258 32.5 17 Jersey City city, NJ................ 82,546 50,711 31,835 38.6 

18 Detroit city, MI................................. 116,340 70,695 45,645 39.2 18 Detroit city, MI........................ 79,577 44,196 35,381 44.5 

19 Milwaukee city, WI.......................... 115,587 69,514 46,073 39.9 19 Milwaukee city, WI................. 71,440 37,667 33,773 47.3 

20 Providence city, RI.......................... 104,857 76,782 28,075 26.8 20 Albany city, NY...................... 69,422 47,215 22,207 32.0 

21 Albany city, NY............................... 90,758 66,993 23,765 26.2 21 Providence city, RI................. 68,904 51,727 17,177 24.9 

22 Rochester city, NY.......................... 89,366 62,744 26,622 29.8 22 Rochester city, NY................. 62,386 41,202 21,184 34.0 

23 Allegheny city, PA........................... 78,682 59,245 19,437 24.7 23 Allegheny city, PA.................. 53,180 37,872 15,308 28.8 

24 Indianapolis city, IN......................... 75,056 62,446 12,610 16.8 24 Richmond city, VA................. 51,038 47,260 3,778 7.4 

25 Richmond city, VA.......................... 63,600 60,260 3,340 5.3 25 New Haven city, CT............... 50,840 36,484 14,356 28.2 

26 New Haven city, CT........................ 62,882 47,214 15,668 24.9 26 Charleston city, SC................ 48,956 44,064 4,892 10.0 

27 Lowell city, MA................................ 59,475 36,421 23,054 38.8 27 Indianapolis city, IN................ 48,244 37,587 10,657 22.1 

28 Worcester city, MA.......................... 58,291 42,667 15,624 26.8 28 Troy city, NY.......................... 46,465 30,246 16,219 34.9 

29 Troy city, NY................................... 56,747 39,809 16,938 29.8 29 Syracuse city, NY.................. 43,051 29,061 13,990 32.5 

30 Kansas City city, MO...................... 55,785 46,484 9,301 16.7 30 Worcester city, MA................. 41,105 29,159 11,946 29.1 
Footnote:

31 Cambridge city, MA........................ 52,669 37,001 15,668 29.7 31 Lowell city, MA....................... 40,928 26,493 14,435 35.3 

32 Syracuse city, NY........................... 51,792 38,774 13,018 25.1 32 Memphis city, TN................... 40,226 33,446 6,780 16.9 

33 Columbus city, OH.......................... 51,647 42,576 9,071 17.6 33 Cambridge city, MA............... 39,634 27,579 12,055 30.4 

34 Paterson city, NJ............................. 51,031 32,329 18,702 36.6 34 Hartford city, CT..................... 37,180 26,363 10,817 29.1 

35 Toledo city, OH............................... 50,137 35,788 14,349 28.6 35 Scranton city, PA................... 35,092 19,205 15,887 45.3 

36 Charleston city, SC......................... 49,984 46,034 3,950 7.9 36 Reading city, PA.................... 33,930 30,059 3,871 11.4 

37 Fall River city, MA........................... 48,961 25,386 23,575 48.2 37 Paterson city, NJ.................... 33,579 20,711 12,868 38.3 

38 Minneapolis city, MN....................... 46,887 31,874 15,013 32.0 38 Kansas City city, MO............. 32,260 24,581 7,679 23.8 

39 Scranton city, PA............................ 45,850 29,993 15,857 34.6 39 Mobile city, AL....................... 32,034 27,795 4,239 13.2 

40 Nashville city, TN............................ 43,350 40,325 3,025 7.0 40 Toledo city, OH...................... 31,584 20,485 11,099 35.1 

41 Reading city, PA............................. 43,278 39,654 3,624 8.4 41 Portland city, ME 31,413 24,401 7,012 22.3 

42 Wilmington city, DE......................... 42,478 36,804 5,674 13.4 42 Columbus city, OH 31,274 23,663 7,611 24.3 

43 Hartford city, CT.............................. 42,015 31,420 10,595 25.2 43 Wilmington city, DE 30,841 25,689 5,152 16.7 

44 Camden city, NJ............................. 41,659 37,164 4,495 10.8 44 Dayton city, OH 30,473 23,050 7,423 24.4 

45 St. Paul city, MN............................. 41,473 26,398 15,075 36.3 45 Lawrence city, MA 28,921 16,204 12,717 44.0 

46 Lawrence city, MA.......................... 39,151 21,885 17,266 44.1 46 Utica city, NY 28,804 18,955 9,849 34.2 

47 Dayton city, OH............................... 38,678 31,432 7,246 18.7 47 Charlestown city, MA 28,323 21,399 6,924 24.4 

48 Lynn city, MA.................................. 38,274 31,234 7,040 18.4 48 Savannah city, GA 28,235 24,564 3,671 13.0 

49 Atlanta city, GA............................... 37,409 35,993 1,416 3.8 49 Lynn city, MA 28,233 23,298 4,935 17.5 

50 Denver city, CO.............................. 35,629 26,924 8,705 24.4 50 Fall River city, MA 26,766 15,288 11,478 42.9

 * Indicates sample data.
 

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Footnote:

Table 24. Nativity of the Population for the 25 Largest Urban Places and for Selected Counties: 1860 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Place (rank in parentheses) and county Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

New York city, NY (1)..................................................................... 813,669 429,952 383,717 47.2 

Philadelphia city, PA (2).................................................................. 565,529 396,099 169,430 30.0 

Kings county, NY............................................................................ 279,122 170,045 109,077 39.1

 Brooklyn city, NY (3).................................................................... 266,661 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Baltimore city, MD (4)..................................................................... 212,418 159,921 52,497 24.7 

Boston city, MA (5)......................................................................... 177,841 114,050 63,791 35.9 

New Orleans city, LA (6)................................................................. 168,675 104,054 64,621 38.3 

Cincinnati city, OH (7)..................................................................... 161,044 87,430 73,614 45.7 

St. Louis county, MO...................................................................... 190,524 94,438 96,086 50.4

 St. Louis city, MO (8)................................................................... 160,773 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Chicago city, IL (9).......................................................................... 109,260 54,636 54,624 50.0 

Erie county, NY............................................................................... 141,971 87,067 54,904 38.7

 Buffalo city, NY (10)..................................................................... 81,129 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Essex county, NJ............................................................................ 98,877 65,071 33,806 34.2

 Newark city, NJ (11).................................................................... 71,941 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Jefferson county, KY....................................................................... 89,404 63,281 26,123 29.2

 Louisville city, KY (12)................................................................. 68,033 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Albany county, NY.......................................................................... 113,917 79,629 34,288 30.1

 Albany city, NY (13)..................................................................... 62,367 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

District of Columbia......................................................................... 75,080 62,596 12,484 16.6

 Washington city, DC (14)............................................................. 61,122 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

San Francisco city, CA (15)............................................................ 56,802 28,348 28,454 50.1 

Providence county, RI..................................................................... 107,799 80,394 27,405 25.4

 Providence city, RI (16)............................................................... 50,666 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Allegheny county, PA...................................................................... 178,831 125,104 53,727 30.0

 Pittsburgh city, PA (17)................................................................ 49,221 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Monroe county, NY......................................................................... 100,648 69,476 31,172 31.0

 Rochester city, NY (18)................................................................ 48,204 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Wayne county, MI........................................................................... 75,547 46,249 29,298 38.8

 Detroit city, MI (19)...................................................................... 45,619 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Milwaukee county, WI..................................................................... 62,518 29,374 33,144 53.0

 Milwaukee city, WI (20)................................................................ 45,246 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Cuyahoga county, OH.................................................................... 78,033 49,224 28,809 36.9

 Cleveland city, OH (21)................................................................ 43,417 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Charleston county, SC.................................................................... 70,100 63,565 6,535 9.3

 Charleston city, SC (22)............................................................... 40,522 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

New Haven county, CT................................................................... 97,345 74,966 22,379 23.0

 New Haven city, CT (23).............................................................. 39,267 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Rensselaer county, NY................................................................... 86,328 65,004 21,324 24.7

 Troy city, NY (24)......................................................................... 39,235 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Henrico county, VA......................................................................... 61,616 55,258 6,358 10.3

 Richmond city, VA (25)................................................................ 37,910 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

(NA) Not available.
 

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Footnotes:

Table 25. Nativity of the Population for the 25 Largest Urban Places and for Selected Counties: 1850 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

Place (rank in parentheses) and county 1 Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

New York city, NY (1)..................................................................... 515,547 279,814 235,733 45.7 

Baltimore city, MD (2).................................................................... 169,054 133,562 35,492 21.0 

Boston city, MA (3)......................................................................... 136,881 90,204 46,677 34.1 

Philadelphia county, PA................................................................. 408,762 287,063 121,699 29.8

 Philadelphia city, PA (4).............................................................. 121,376 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Spring Garden district, PA (9)..................................................... 58,894 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Northern Liberties district, PA (11).............................................. 47,223 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Kensington district, PA (12)........................................................ 46,774 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Southwark district, PA (20)......................................................... 38,799 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

New Orleans city, LA (5)................................................................ 116,375 67,774 48,601 41.8 

Cincinnati city, OH (6).................................................................... 115,435 60,894 54,541 47.2 

Kings county, NY........................................................................... 138,882 82,681 56,201 40.5

 Brooklyn city, NY (7)................................................................... 96,838 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 Williamsburg town, NY (23)........................................................ 30,780 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

St. Louis County, MO..................................................................... 104,978 52,009 52,969 50.5

 St. Louis city, MO (8)................................................................. 77,860 39,463 38,397 49.3 

Albany county, NY......................................................................... 93,279 65,835 27,444 29.4

 Albany city, NY (10)................................................................... 50,763 34,172 16,591 32.7 

Allegheny county, PA..................................................................... 138,290 94,876 43,414 31.4

 Pittsburgh city, PA (13)............................................................... 46,601 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Jefferson county, KY...................................................................... 59,831 44,049 15,782 26.4

 Louisville city, KY (14)................................................................ 43,194 30,733 12,461 28.8 

Charleston county, SC................................................................... 72,805 66,851 5,954 8.2

 Charleston city, SC (15)............................................................. 42,985 38,342 4,643 10.8 

Erie county, NY.............................................................................. 100,993 63,520 37,473 37.1

 Buffalo city, NY (16).................................................................... 42,261 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Providence county, RI.................................................................... 87,526 69,050 18,476 21.1

 Providence city, RI (17).............................................................. 41,513 31,834 9,679 23.3 

District of Columbia........................................................................ 51,687 46,769 4,918 9.5

 Washington city, DC (18)........................................................... 40,001 35,719 4,282 10.7 

Essex county, NJ........................................................................... 73,950 53,687 20,263 27.4

 Newark city, NJ (19)................................................................... 38,894 26,572 12,322 31.7 

Monroe county, NY........................................................................ 87,650 61,573 26,077 29.8

 Rochester city, NY (21)............................................................... 36,403 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Middlesex county, MA.................................................................... 161,383 130,261 31,122 19.3

 Lowell city, MA (22)..................................................................... 33,383 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Chicago city, IL (24)....................................................................... 29,963 14,281 15,682 52.3 

Rensselaer county, NY.................................................................. 73,363 58,862 14,501 19.8

 Troy city, NY (25)........................................................................ 28,785 (NA) (NA) (NA) 

(NA) Not available. 

1

 1850 census results for San Francisco were destroyed by fire. The population of San Francisco according to the 1852 state census was 

34,776. Population of San Francisco county in 1852: total, 36,154; native, 16,851; foreign-born, 19,303; 53.4 percent foreign born. 

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Table 26. Nativity of the Population for Urban Places Ever Among

 the 50 Largest Urban Places Since 1870: 1850 to 2000 

(See text for sources, definitions, and explanations) 

State, urban place 

and year (rank in 

total population) Total Native 

Foreign born 

Number Percent 

ALABAMA 

Birmingham

 2000* (71)........................... 243,072 237,948 5,124 2.1

 1990* (60)........................... 265,852 262,671 3,181 1.2

 1980* (50)........................... 284,413 281,182 3,231 1.1

 1970* (48) 300,559 298,440 2,119 0.7

 1960* (36)........................... 340,887 338,260 2,627 0.8

 1950* (34)........................... 325,745 321,925 3,820 1.2

 1940 (35).............................. 267,583 263,127 4,456 1.7

 1930 (34).............................. 259,678 253,764 5,914 2.3

 1920 (36).............................. 178,806 172,666 6,140 3.4

 1910 (36).............................. 132,685 126,955 5,730 4.3

 1900 (99).............................. 38,415 36,639 1,776 4.6

 1890 (-).............................. 

Mobile

26,178 24,526 1,652 6.3 

2000* (91)........................... 198,887 193,025 5,862 2.9

 1990* (79)........................... 196,278 192,165 4,113 2.1

 1980* (72)........................... 200,396 196,621 3,775 1.9

 1970* (68)........................... 190,122 188,825 1,297 0.7

 1960* (58)........................... 202,779 200,792 1,987 1.0

 1950* (78) 129,030 127,050 1,980 1.5

 1940 (-).............................. 78,720 77,164 1,556 2.0

 1930 (-).............................. 68,202 66,062 2,140 3.1

 1920 (-).............................. 60,777 58,620 2,157 3.5

 1910 (-).............................. 51,521 49,216 2,305 4.5

 1900 (98).............................. 38,469 36,358 2,111 5.5

 1890 (97).............................. 31,076 28,921 2,155 6.9

 1880 (68).............................. 29,132 26,195 2,937 10.1

 1870 (39).............................. 32,034 27,795 4,239 13.2

 1860 (27).............................. 29,258 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (32).............................. 

ARIZONA 

Mesa

20,515 16,429 4,086 19.9 

2000 (42)................................ 397,215 352,669 44,546 11.2

 1990 (53)................................ 288,091 274,077 14,014 4.9

 1980 (-).................................. 152,453 145,873 6,580 4.3

 1970 (-).................................. 62,990 61,023 1,967 3.1

 1960 (-).................................. 

Phoenix

33,772 32,600 1,172 3.5 

2000* (6).............................. 1,320,994 1,063,669 257,325 19.5

 1990* (9).............................. 983,403 898,731 84,672 8.6

 1980* (9).............................. 789,704 745,042 44,662 5.7

 1970* (20)........................... 581,466 559,810 21,656 3.7

 1960* (29)........................... 439,170 419,732 19,438 4.4

 1950* (99)........................... 106,310 98,895 7,415 7.0

 1940 (-).............................. 65,414 61,092 4,322 6.6

 1930 (-).............................. 48,118 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1920 (-).............................. 29,053 24,907 4,146 14.3

 1910 (-).............................. 11,134 (NA) (NA) (NA) 
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 1900 (-).............................. 5,544 4,609 935 16.9

 1890 (-).............................. 3,152 2,079 1,073 34.0 

Tucson

 2000* (30)........................... 486,591 417,115 69,476 14.3

 1990* (33)........................... 405,390 361,993 43,397 10.7

 1980* (45)........................... 330,537 304,331 26,206 7.9

 1970* (53)........................... 262,933 246,662 16,271 6.2

 1960* (54)........................... 212,892 199,200 13,692 6.4

 1950 (-).............................. 45,454 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 36,818 32,365 4,453 12.1

 1930 (-).............................. 32,506 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1920 (-).............................. 20,292 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1910 (-).............................. 13,193 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1900 (-).............................. 7,531 5,179 2,352 31.2

 1890 (-).............................. 5,150 2,685 2,465 47.9

 1880 (-).............................. 7,007 3,065 3,942 56.3

 1870 (-).............................. 3,224 1,026 2,198 68.2 

CALIFORNIA 

Fresno

 2000* (37)........................... 427,224 340,287 86,937 20.3

 1990* (47)........................... 354,202 293,467 60,735 17.1

 1980* (65)........................... 218,202 200,147 18,055 8.3

 1970* (83)........................... 165,972 155,912 10,060 6.1

 1960* (91)........................... 133,929 123,216 10,713 8.0

 1950 (-).............................. 91,669 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 60,685 51,768 8,917 14.7

 1930 (-).............................. 52,513 42,245 10,268 19.6

 1920 (-).............................. 45,086 35,371 9,715 21.5

 1910 (-).............................. 24,892 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1900 (-).............................. 12,470 9,171 3,299 26.5

 1890 (-).............................. 10,818 7,678 3,140 29.0 

Long Beach

 2000* (34)........................... 461,381 329,213 132,168 28.6

 1990* (32)........................... 429,433 325,283 104,150 24.3

 1980* (37)........................... 361,334 309,923 51,411 14.2

 1970* (40)........................... 358,622 334,370 24,252 6.8

 1960* (35)........................... 344,153 322,700 21,453 6.2

 1950* (40)........................... 250,135 233,875 16,260 6.5

 1940 (53).............................. 164,271 151,542 12,729 7.7

 1930 (57).............................. 142,032 127,640 14,392 10.1

 1920 (-).............................. 55,593 48,493 7,100 12.8 

Los Angeles

 2000* (2).............................. 3,694,834 2,182,114 1,512,720 40.9

 1990* (2).............................. 3,485,398 2,148,733 1,336,665 38.4

 1980* (3).............................. 2,966,850 2,162,032 804,818 27.1

 1970* (3).............................. 2,815,998 2,405,128 410,870 14.6

 1960* (3).............................. 2,481,456 2,169,779 311,677 12.6

 1950* (4).............................. 1,965,150 1,702,210 262,940 13.4

 1940 (5).............................. 1,504,277 1,277,240 227,037 15.1

 1930 (5).............................. 1,238,048 990,913 247,135 20.0

 1920 (10).............................. 576,673 454,542 122,131 21.2

 1910 (17).............................. 319,198 253,065 66,133 20.7

 1900 (36).............................. 102,479 82,515 19,964 19.5

 1890 (57).............................. 50,395 37,643 12,752 25.3

 1880 (-).............................. 11,183 7,979 3,204 28.7

 1870 (-).............................. 5,728 3,724 2,004 35.0 

Oakland

 2000* (41)........................... 399,477 293,361 106,116 26.6 
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 1990* (39)........................... 372,242 298,718 73,524 19.8

 1980* (43)........................... 339,337 296,758 42,579 12.5

 1970* (38)........................... 361,607 329,368 32,239 8.9

 1960* (33)........................... 367,548 332,369 35,179 9.6

 1950* (27)........................... 383,200 342,455 40,745 10.6

 1940 (29).............................. 302,163 257,622 44,541 14.7

 1930 (30).............................. 284,063 230,032 54,031 19.0

 1920 (31).............................. 216,261 166,366 49,895 23.1

 1910 (32).............................. 150,174 109,328 40,846 27.2

 1900 (56).............................. 66,960 49,704 17,256 25.8

 1890 (60).............................. 48,682 34,145 14,537 29.9

 1880 (51).............................. 34,555 23,534 11,021 31.9

 1870 (-) 1

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Sacramento

 2000* (40)........................... 407,075 324,459 82,616 20.3

 1990* (41)........................... 369,365 318,796 50,569 13.7

 1980* (52)........................... 275,741 248,033 27,708 10.0

 1970* (55)........................... 254,417 236,928 17,489 6.9

 1960* (63)........................... 191,667 175,016 16,651 8.7

 1950* (67)........................... 137,675 123,465 14,210 10.3

 1940 (85).............................. 105,958 92,238 13,720 12.9

 1930 (96).............................. 93,750 76,482 17,268 18.4

 1920 (-).............................. 65,908 52,920 12,988 19.7

 1910 (-).............................. 44,696 33,651 11,045 24.7

 1900 (-).............................. 29,282 22,559 6,723 23.0

 1890 (-).............................. 26,386 18,712 7,674 29.1

 1880 (90).............................. 21,420 14,372 7,048 32.9

 1870 (89).............................. 16,283 10,081 6,202 38.1 

San Diego

 2000* (7).............................. 1,223,341 909,114 314,227 25.7

 1990* (6).............................. 1,110,549 878,411 232,138 20.9

 1980* (8).............................. 875,538 744,632 130,906 15.0

 1970* (14)........................... 696,474 643,497 52,977 7.6

 1960* (18)........................... 573,224 532,797 40,427 7.1

 1950* (31)........................... 333,865 308,605 25,260 7.6

 1940 (43).............................. 203,341 183,228 20,113 9.9

 1930 (53).............................. 147,995 126,409 21,586 14.6

 1920 (93).............................. 74,361 60,327 14,034 18.9

 1910 (-).............................. 39,578 31,749 7,829 19.8

 1900 (-).............................. 17,700 13,932 3,768 21.3

 1890 (-).............................. 16,159 12,060 4,099 25.4 

San Francisco 2 

2000* (13)........................... 776,733 491,192 285,541 36.8

 1990* (14)........................... 723,959 477,925 246,034 34.0

 1980* (13)........................... 678,974 486,770 192,204 28.3

 1970* (13)........................... 715,673 561,166 154,507 21.6

 1960* (12)........................... 740,316 597,785 142,531 19.3

 1950* (11)........................... 775,075 638,065 137,010 17.7

 1940 (12).............................. 634,536 494,513 140,023 22.1

 1930 (11).............................. 634,394 462,753 171,641 27.1

 1920 (12).............................. 506,676 357,481 149,195 29.4

 1910 (11).............................. 416,912 274,614 142,298 34.1

 1900 (9).............................. 342,782 225,897 116,885 34.1

 1890 (8).............................. 298,997 172,186 126,811 42.4

 1880 (9).............................. 233,959 129,715 104,244 44.6

 1870 (10).............................. 149,473 75,754 73,719 49.3

 1860 (15).............................. 56,802 28,348 28,454 50.1 
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San Jose

 2000* (11)........................... 893,889 564,132 329,757 36.9

 1990* (11)........................... 782,225 575,184 207,041 26.5

 1980* (17)........................... 629,442 538,528 90,914 14.4

 1970* (31)........................... 447,025 413,063 33,962 7.6

 1960* (57)........................... 204,196 186,766 17,430 8.5

 1950 (-).............................. 95,280 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 68,457 59,182 9,275 13.5

 1930 (-).............................. 57,651 47,266 10,385 18.0

 1920 (-).............................. 39,642 31,368 8,274 20.9

 1910 (-).............................. 28,946 22,524 6,422 22.2

 1900 (-).............................. 21,500 16,923 4,577 21.3

 1890 (-).............................. 18,060 13,308 4,752 26.3

 1880 (-).............................. 12,567 8,733 3,834 30.5

 1870 (-).............................. 9,089 5,334 3,755 41.3 

COLORADO 

Colorado Springs

 2000 (48)................................ 360,798 335,534 25,264 7.0

 1990 (54)................................ 281,140 267,891 13,249 4.7

 1980 (66)................................ 215,150 204,403 10,747 5.0

 1970 (-)................................... 135,059 131,447 3,612 2.7

 1960 (-)................................... 70,194 67,612 2,582 3.7

 1950 (-)................................... 45,472 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-)................................... 36,789 35,109 1,680 4.6

 1930 (-)................................... 33,237 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1920 (-)................................... 30,105 27,466 2,639 8.8

 1910 (-)................................... 29,078 26,059 3,019 10.4

 1900 (-)................................... 21,085 18,785 2,300 10.9

 1890 (-)................................... 11,140 9,673 1,467 13.2

 1880 (-)................................... 4,226 3,711 515 12.2 

Denver

 2000* (24)........................... 554,636 458,035 96,601 17.4

 1990* (26)........................... 467,610 432,895 34,715 7.4

 1980* (24)........................... 492,365 461,653 30,712 6.2

 1970* (25)........................... 514,678 493,752 20,926 4.1

 1960* (23)........................... 493,887 470,134 23,753 4.8

 1950* (24)........................... 415,760 392,650 23,110 5.6

 1940 (24).............................. 322,412 297,430 24,982 7.7

 1930 (29).............................. 287,861 255,004 32,857 11.4

 1920 (25).............................. 256,491 218,261 38,230 14.9

 1910 (27).............................. 213,381 173,632 39,749 18.6

 1900 (25).............................. 133,859 108,558 25,301 18.9

 1890 (26).............................. 106,713 81,249 25,464 23.9

 1880 (50).............................. 35,629 26,924 8,705 24.4

 1870 (-).............................. 4,759 3,621 1,138 23.9 

CONNECTICUT 

Bridgeport

 2000* (-).............................. 139,529 110,891 28,638 20.5

 1990* (-).............................. 141,686 120,955 20,731 14.6

 1980* (-).............................. 142,546 123,408 19,138 13.4

 1970* (88)........................... 156,542 136,542 20,000 12.8

 1960* (80)........................... 156,748 133,941 22,807 14.6

 1950* (63)........................... 157,710 128,460 29,250 18.5

 1940 (59).............................. 147,121 113,453 33,668 22.9

 1930 (54).............................. 146,716 105,654 41,062 28.0

 1920 (44).............................. 143,555 96,773 46,782 32.6

 1910 (49).............................. 102,054 65,790 36,264 35.5

 1900 (54).............................. 70,996 48,715 22,281 31.4 
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 1890 (59).............................. 48,866 34,677 14,189 29.0

 1880 (71).............................. 27,643 20,204 7,439 26.9

 1870 (76).............................. 18,969 13,585 5,384 28.4 

Hartford

 2000* (-).............................. 121,578 98,907 22,671 18.6

 1990* (-).............................. 139,739 118,297 21,442 15.3

 1980* (-).............................. 136,392 112,496 23,896 17.5

 1970* (86)........................... 158,017 133,347 24,670 15.6

 1960* (78)........................... 162,178 133,540 28,638 17.7

 1950* (54)........................... 177,050 144,275 32,775 18.5

 1940 (51).............................. 166,267 129,572 36,695 22.1

 1930 (47).............................. 164,072 119,416 44,656 27.2

 1920 (46).............................. 138,036 97,124 40,912 29.6

 1910 (51).............................. 98,915 67,561 31,354 31.7

 1900 (49).............................. 79,850 56,092 23,758 29.8

 1890 (54).............................. 53,230 38,774 14,456 27.2

 1880 (43).............................. 42,015 31,420 10,595 25.2

 1870 (34).............................. 37,180 26,363 10,817 29.1

 1860 (31).............................. 26,917 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (53).............................. 13,555 10,640 2,915 21.5 

New Haven

 2000* (-).............................. 123,626 109,276 14,350 11.6

 1990* (-).............................. 130,474 119,841 10,633 8.1

 1980* (-).............................. 126,109 115,179 10,930 8.7

 1970* (-).............................. 137,721 123,937 13,784 10.0

 1960* (82)........................... 152,048 132,002 20,046 13.2

 1950* (59)........................... 164,225 138,900 25,325 15.4

 1940 (54).............................. 160,605 127,882 32,723 20.4 

1930 (49).............................. 162,655 122,111 40,544 24.9

 1920 (39).............................. 162,537 116,413 46,124 28.4

 1910 (35).............................. 133,605 90,616 42,989 32.2

 1900 (31).............................. 108,027 77,225 30,802 28.5

 1890 (32).............................. 81,298 58,304 22,994 28.3

 1880 (26).............................. 62,882 47,214 15,668 24.9

 1870 (25).............................. 50,840 36,484 14,356 28.2

 1860 (23).............................. 39,267 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (33).............................. 20,345 16,648 3,697 18.2 

DELAWARE 

Wilmington

 2000* (-).............................. 72,664 69,016 3,648 5.0

 1990* (-).............................. 71,529 69,054 2,475 3.5

 1980* (-).............................. 70,195 67,511 2,684 3.8

 1970* (-).............................. 80,381 76,422 3,959 4.9

 1960* (-).............................. 95,827 89,920 5,907 6.2

 1950* (95)........................... 109,755 101,860 7,895 7.2

 1940 (75).............................. 112,504 101,969 10,535 9.4

 1930 (80).............................. 106,597 93,911 12,686 11.9

 1920 (62).............................. 110,168 93,831 16,337 14.8

 1910 (61).............................. 87,411 73,698 13,713 15.7

 1900 (51).............................. 76,508 66,030 10,478 13.7

 1890 (44).............................. 61,431 52,332 9,099 14.8

 1880 (42).............................. 42,478 36,804 5,674 13.4

 1870 (43).............................. 30,841 25,689 5,152 16.7

 1860 (43).............................. 21,258 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (51).............................. 13,979 12,216 1,763 12.6 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 

Washington

 2000* (21)........................... 572,059 498,498 73,561 12.9 
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 1990* (19)........................... 606,900 548,013 58,887 9.7

 1980* (15)........................... 638,333 597,774 40,559 6.4

 1970* (9).............................. 756,492 722,930 33,562 4.4

 1960* (9).............................. 763,956 724,985 38,971 5.1

 1950* (9).............................. 800,830 758,090 42,740 5.3

 1940 (11).............................. 663,091 628,175 34,916 5.3

 1930 (14).............................. 486,869 456,136 30,733 6.3

 1920 (14).............................. 437,571 408,206 29,365 6.7

 1910 (16).............................. 331,069 306,167 24,902 7.5

 1900 (15).............................. 278,718 258,599 20,119 7.2

 1890 (14).............................. 230,392 211,622 18,770 8.1

 1880 (14).............................. 147,293 133,051 14,242 9.7

 1870 (12).............................. 109,199 95,442 13,757 12.6

 1860 (14).............................. 61,122 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (18).............................. 40,001 35,719 4,282 10.7 

FLORIDA 

Jacksonville 3 

2000* (14)........................... 735,503 691,842 43,661 5.9

 1990* (15)........................... 635,230 613,467 21,763 3.4

 1980* (22)........................... 540,920 525,436 15,484 2.9

 1970* (23)........................... 528,865 519,169 9,696 1.8

 1960* (61)........................... 201,030 197,594 3,436 1.7

 1950* (49)........................... 204,275 199,995 4,280 2.1

 1940 (47).............................. 173,065 168,970 4,095 2.4

 1930 (63).............................. 129,549 124,987 4,562 3.5

 1920 (79).............................. 91,558 87,414 4,144 4.5

 1910 (95).............................. 57,699 55,011 2,688 4.7

 1900 (-).............................. 28,429 27,263 1,166 4.1

 1890 (-).............................. 17,201 16,137 1,064 6.2

 1880 (-).............................. 7,650 6,920 730 9.5

 1870 (-).............................. 6,912 6,485 427 6.2 

Miami

 2000* (47)........................... 362,563 146,824 215,739 59.5

 1990* (46)........................... 358,548 144,420 214,128 59.7

 1980* (41)........................... 346,865 160,585 186,280 53.7

 1970* (42)........................... 335,062 194,855 140,207 41.8

 1960* (44)........................... 291,688 242,442 49,246 16.9

 1950* (42)........................... 248,970 218,850 30,120 12.1

 1940 (48).............................. 172,172 155,547 16,625 9.7

 1930 (78).............................. 110,637 96,866 13,771 12.4

 1920 (-).............................. 29,571 22,173 7,398 25.0 

Tampa

 2000* (57)........................... 303,512 266,485 37,027 12.2

 1990* (55)........................... 280,015 257,724 22,291 8.0

 1980* (53)........................... 271,523 252,863 18,660 6.9

 1970* (50)........................... 277,748 261,381 16,367 5.9

 1960* (48)........................... 274,970 258,986 15,984 5.8

 1950* (85)........................... 124,645 113,745 10,900 8.7

 1940 (84).............................. 108,391 96,990 11,401 10.5

 1930 (91).............................. 101,161 85,994 15,167 15.0

 1920 (-).............................. 51,608 40,256 11,352 22.0

 1910 (-).............................. 37,782 26,979 10,803 28.6

 1900 (-).............................. 15,839 10,754 5,085 32.1

 1890 (-).............................. 5,532 3,748 1,784 32.2 

GEORGIA 

Atlanta

 2000* (39)........................... 416,629 389,277 27,352 6.6

 1990* (36)........................... 394,017 380,663 13,354 3.4 
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 1980* (29)........................... 425,022 415,245 9,777 2.3

 1970* (27)........................... 497,046 491,194 5,852 1.2

 1960* (24)........................... 487,275 482,680 4,595 0.9

 1950* (32)........................... 331,210 327,015 4,195 1.3

 1940 (28).............................. 302,288 297,934 4,354 1.4

 1930 (32).............................. 270,366 265,574 4,792 1.8

 1920 (33).............................. 200,616 195,827 4,789 2.4

 1910 (31).............................. 154,839 150,338 4,501 2.9

 1900 (43).............................. 89,872 87,341 2,531 2.8

 1890 (42).............................. 65,533 63,662 1,871 2.9

 1880 (49).............................. 37,409 35,993 1,416 3.8

 1870 (61).............................. 21,789 20,699 1,090 5.0 

Savannah

 2000* (-).............................. 131,603 126,538 5,065 3.8

 1990* (-).............................. 137,557 134,881 2,676 1.9

 1980* (-).............................. 141,378 138,329 3,049 2.2

 1970* (-).............................. 118,344 116,996 1,348 1.1

 1960* (83)........................... 149,245 147,112 2,133 1.4

 1950* (88)........................... 119,365 117,640 1,725 1.4

 1940 (99).............................. 95,996 94,095 1,901 2.0

 1930 (-).............................. 85,024 82,493 2,531 3.0

 1920 (85).............................. 83,252 79,916 3,336 4.0

 1910 (86).............................. 65,064 61,616 3,448 5.3

 1900 (69).............................. 54,244 50,810 3,434 6.3

 1890 (69).............................. 43,189 39,781 3,408 7.9

 1880 (62).............................. 30,709 27,715 2,994 9.7

 1870 (48).............................. 28,235 24,564 3,671 13.0

 1860 (41).............................. 22,292 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (44).............................. 15,312 12,878 2,434 15.9 

HAWAII 

Honolulu 4 

2000* (46)........................... 371,619 277,724 93,895 25.3

 1990* (44)........................... 365,272 286,957 78,315 21.4

 1980* (36)........................... 365,048 297,010 68,038 18.6

 1970* (44)........................... 324,869 289,644 35,225 10.8

 1960* (43)........................... 294,194 263,216 30,978 10.5 

ILLINOIS 

Chicago

 2000* (3).............................. 2,895,964 2,267,061 628,903 21.7

 1990* (3).............................. 2,783,726 2,314,539 469,187 16.9

 1980* (2).............................. 3,005,078 2,569,846 435,232 14.5

 1970* (2).............................. 3,362,947 2,989,028 373,919 11.1

 1960* (2).............................. 3,550,404 3,112,012 438,392 12.3

 1950* (2).............................. 3,611,580 3,078,610 532,970 14.8

 1940 (2).............................. 3,396,808 2,721,661 675,147 19.9

 1930 (2).............................. 3,376,438 2,517,029 859,409 25.5

 1920 (2).............................. 2,701,705 1,893,147 808,558 29.9

 1910 (2).............................. 2,185,283 1,401,855 783,428 35.9

 1900 (2).............................. 1,698,575 1,111,463 587,112 34.6

 1890 (2).............................. 1,099,850 649,184 450,666 41.0

 1880 (4).............................. 503,185 298,326 204,859 40.7

 1870 (5).............................. 298,977 154,420 144,557 48.4

 1860 (9).............................. 109,260 54,636 54,624 50.0

 1850 (24).............................. 29,963 14,281 15,682 52.3 

INDIANA 

Indianapolis 3 

2000* (12)........................... 782,414 746,347 36,067 4.6 
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 1990* (13)........................... 731,321 717,358 13,963 1.9

 1980* (12)........................... 700,719 687,294 13,425 1.9

 1970* (11)........................... 744,768 733,895 10,873 1.5

 1960* (26)........................... 476,258 467,642 8,616 1.8

 1950* (23)........................... 426,945 418,015 8,930 2.1

 1940 (20).............................. 386,972 376,344 10,628 2.7

 1930 (21).............................. 364,161 350,307 13,854 3.8

 1920 (21).............................. 314,194 297,098 17,096 5.4

 1910 (22).............................. 233,650 213,808 19,842 8.5

 1900 (21).............................. 169,164 152,042 17,122 10.1

 1890 (27).............................. 105,436 90,949 14,487 13.7

 1880 (24).............................. 75,056 62,446 12,610 16.8

 1870 (27).............................. 48,244 37,587 10,657 22.1 

KANSAS 

Wichita 

2000 (50)................................ 343,997 316,059 27,938 8.1

 1990 (51)................................ 304,011 291,752 12,259 4.0

 1980 (51)................................ 279,272 270,275 8,997 3.2

 1970 (51)................................ 276,718 273,496 3,222 1.2

 1960 (51)................................ 254,698 251,897 2,801 1.1

 1950 (58)................................ 166,980 164,545 2,435 1.5

 1940 (74)................................ 114,966 112,774 2,192 1.9

 1930 (77)................................ 111,110 108,305 2,805 2.5

 1920 (96)................................ 72,217 69,173 3,044 4.2

 1910 (-)................................... 52,450 49,570 2,880 5.5

 1900 (-)................................... 24,671 23,224 1,447 5.9

 1890 (-)................................... 23,853 21,945 1,908 8.0

 1880 (-)................................... 4,911 4,501 410 8.3 

KENTUCKY 

Louisville

 2000* (66)........................... 256,420 246,770 9,650 3.8

 1990* (58)........................... 269,157 265,110 4,047 1.5

 1980* (49)........................... 298,455 294,293 4,162 1.4

 1970* (39)........................... 361,496 358,058 3,438 1.0

 1960* (31)........................... 390,639 386,683 3,956 1.0

 1950* (29)........................... 367,375 362,485 4,890 1.3

 1940 (25).............................. 319,077 312,832 6,245 2.0

 1930 (24).............................. 307,745 298,714 9,031 2.9

 1920 (29).............................. 234,891 223,224 11,667 5.0

 1910 (24).............................. 223,928 206,455 17,473 7.8

 1900 (18).............................. 204,731 183,304 21,427 10.5

 1890 (20).............................. 161,129 137,619 23,510 14.6

 1880 (16).............................. 123,758 100,602 23,156 18.7

 1870 (14).............................. 100,753 75,085 25,668 25.5

 1860 (12).............................. 68,033 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (14).............................. 43,194 30,733 12,461 28.8 

LOUISIANA 

New Orleans

 2000* (31)........................... 484,674 464,093 20,581 4.2

 1990* (24)........................... 496,938 476,154 20,784 4.2

 1980* (21)........................... 557,515 535,806 21,709 3.9

 1970* (19)........................... 593,467 575,358 18,109 3.1

 1960* (15)........................... 627,525 612,945 14,580 2.3

 1950* (16)........................... 568,680 553,335 15,345 2.7

 1940 (15).............................. 494,537 479,334 15,203 3.1

 1930 (16).............................. 458,762 437,716 21,046 4.6

 1920 (17).............................. 387,219 359,854 27,365 7.1

 1910 (15).............................. 339,075 310,742 28,333 8.4 
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 1900 (12).............................. 287,104 256,779 30,325 10.6

 1890 (12).............................. 242,039 207,670 34,369 14.2

 1880 (10).............................. 216,090 174,933 41,157 19.0

 1870 (9).............................. 191,418 142,943 48,475 25.3

 1860 (6).............................. 168,675 104,054 64,621 38.3

 1850 (5).............................. 116,375 67,774 48,601 41.8 

MAINE 

Portland

 2000* (-).............................. 64,257 59,362 4,895 7.6

 1990* (-).............................. 64,358 61,065 3,293 5.1

 1980* (-).............................. 61,572 58,794 2,778 4.5

 1970* (-).............................. 65,116 61,877 3,239 5.0

 1960* (-).............................. 72,566 67,023 5,543 7.6

 1950 (-).............................. 77,634 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 73,643 63,732 9,911 13.5

 1930 (-).............................. 70,810 59,064 11,746 16.6

 1920 (-).............................. 69,272 55,926 13,346 19.3

 1910 (91).............................. 58,571 46,420 12,151 20.7

 1900 (78).............................. 50,145 39,710 10,435 20.8

 1890 (83).............................. 36,425 28,600 7,825 21.5

 1880 (53).............................. 33,810 26,908 6,902 20.4

 1870 (41).............................. 31,413 24,401 7,012 22.3

 1860 (32).............................. 26,341 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (31).............................. 20,815 17,303 3,512 16.9 

MARYLAND 

Baltimore

 2000* (17)........................... 651,154 621,516 29,638 4.6

 1990* (12)........................... 736,014 712,547 23,467 3.2

 1980* (10)........................... 786,775 762,108 24,667 3.1

 1970* (7).............................. 905,757 877,047 28,710 3.2

 1960* (6).............................. 939,024 899,337 39,687 4.2

 1950* (6).............................. 945,940 893,295 52,645 5.6

 1940 (7).............................. 859,100 797,402 61,698 7.2

 1930 (8).............................. 804,874 729,426 75,448 9.4

 1920 (8).............................. 733,826 649,017 84,809 11.6

 1910 (7).............................. 558,485 480,823 77,662 13.9

 1900 (6).............................. 508,957 440,357 68,600 13.5

 1890 (7).............................. 434,439 365,436 69,003 15.9

 1880 (7).............................. 332,313 276,177 56,136 16.9

 1870 (6).............................. 267,354 210,870 56,484 21.1

 1860 (4).............................. 212,418 159,921 52,497 24.7

 1850 (2).............................. 169,054 133,562 35,492 21.0 

MASSACHUSETTS 

Boston

 2000* (20)........................... 589,141 437,305 151,836 25.8

 1990* (20)........................... 574,283 459,686 114,597 20.0

 1980* (20)........................... 562,994 475,938 87,056 15.5

 1970* (16)........................... 641,056 557,068 83,988 13.1

 1960* (13)........................... 697,938 587,974 109,964 15.8

 1950* (10)........................... 800,590 651,590 149,000 18.6

 1940 (9).............................. 770,816 586,736 184,080 23.9

 1930 (9).............................. 781,188 547,501 233,687 29.9

 1920 (7).............................. 748,060 505,441 242,619 32.4

 1910 (5).............................. 670,585 427,220 243,365 36.3

 1900 (5).............................. 560,892 363,763 197,129 35.1

 1890 (6).............................. 448,477 290,305 158,172 35.3

 1880 (5).............................. 362,839 248,043 114,796 31.6

 1870 (7).............................. 250,526 162,540 87,986 35.1 
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 1860 (5).............................. 177,841 114,050 63,791 35.9

 1850 (3).............................. 136,881 90,204 46,677 34.1 

Cambridge

 2000* (-).............................. 101,355 75,137 26,218 25.9

 1990* (-).............................. 95,802 74,452 21,350 22.3

 1980* (-).............................. 95,322 77,759 17,563 18.4

 1970* (-).............................. 100,417 84,943 15,474 15.4

 1960* (-).............................. 107,716 91,305 16,411 15.2

 1950* (87)........................... 120,320 98,950 21,370 17.8

 1940 (78).............................. 110,879 85,313 25,566 23.1

 1930 (74).............................. 113,643 80,050 33,593 29.6

 1920 (63).............................. 109,694 76,398 33,296 30.4

 1910 (47).............................. 104,839 69,511 35,328 33.7

 1900 (41).............................. 91,886 61,420 30,466 33.2

 1890 (41).............................. 70,028 46,177 23,851 34.1

 1880 (31).............................. 52,669 37,001 15,668 29.7

 1870 (33).............................. 39,634 27,579 12,055 30.4 

Charlestown 5 

1870 (47).............................. 28,323 21,399 6,924 24.4 

Fall River

 2000* (-).............................. 91,938 73,722 18,216 19.8

 1990* (-).............................. 92,703 73,496 19,207 20.7

 1980* (-).............................. 92,574 72,199 20,375 22.0

 1970* (-).............................. 96,976 81,417 15,559 16.0

 1960* (-).............................. 99,942 86,398 13,544 13.6

 1950* (93)........................... 111,765 93,495 18,270 16.3

 1940 (73).............................. 115,428 90,725 24,703 21.4

 1930 (71).............................. 115,274 83,056 32,218 27.9

 1920 (54).............................. 120,485 78,064 42,421 35.2

 1910 (42).............................. 119,295 68,337 50,958 42.7

 1900 (33).............................. 104,863 54,821 50,042 47.7

 1890 (40).............................. 74,398 36,664 37,734 50.7

 1880 (37).............................. 48,961 25,386 23,575 48.2

 1870 (50).............................. 26,766 15,288 11,478 42.9 

Lawrence

 2000* (-).............................. 72,043 50,032 22,011 30.6

 1990* (-).............................. 70,207 55,534 14,673 20.9

 1980* (-).............................. 63,175 53,823 9,352 14.8

 1970* (-).............................. 66,915 57,218 9,697 14.5

 1960* (-).............................. 70,933 59,548 11,385 16.1

 1950 (-).............................. 80,536 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 84,323 61,342 22,981 27.3

 1930 (-).............................. 85,068 56,382 28,686 33.7

 1920 (73).............................. 94,270 55,069 39,201 41.6

 1910 (63).............................. 85,892 44,421 41,471 48.3

 1900 (57).............................. 62,559 33,982 28,577 45.7

 1890 (64).............................. 44,654 24,136 20,518 45.9

 1880 (46).............................. 39,151 21,885 17,266 44.1

 1870 (45).............................. 28,921 16,204 12,717 44.0 

Lowell

 2000* (-).............................. 105,167 81,900 23,267 22.1

 1990* (-).............................. 103,439 86,441 16,998 16.4

 1980* (-).............................. 92,418 83,946 8,472 9.2

 1970* (-).............................. 94,280 86,053 8,227 8.7

 1960* (-).............................. 92,107 82,904 9,203 10.0

 1950 (-).............................. 97,249 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (88).............................. 101,389 81,937 19,452 19.2 
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 1930 (93).............................. 100,234 74,059 26,175 26.1

 1920 (61).............................. 112,759 74,643 38,116 33.8

 1910 (46).............................. 106,294 62,800 43,494 40.9

 1900 (39).............................. 94,969 53,995 40,974 43.1

 1890 (37).............................. 77,696 43,095 34,601 44.5

 1880 (27).............................. 59,475 36,421 23,054 38.8

 1870 (31).............................. 40,928 26,493 14,435 35.3 

Lynn

 2000* (-).............................. 89,122 68,774 20,348 22.8

 1990* (-).............................. 81,245 70,008 11,237 13.8

 1980* (-).............................. 78,471 71,257 7,214 9.2

 1970* (-).............................. 90,289 81,081 9,208 10.2

 1960* (-).............................. 94,478 82,382 12,096 12.8

 1950 (-).............................. 99,738 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (95).............................. 98,123 76,967 21,156 21.6

 1930 (87).............................. 102,320 75,039 27,281 26.7

 1920 (69).............................. 99,148 71,010 28,138 28.4

 1910 (59).............................. 89,336 61,731 27,605 30.9

 1900 (55).............................. 68,513 50,771 17,742 25.9

 1890 (51).............................. 55,727 41,762 13,965 25.1

 1880 (48).............................. 38,274 31,234 7,040 18.4

 1870 (49).............................. 28,233 23,298 4,935 17.5 

Worcester

 2000* (-).............................. 172,648 147,551 25,097 14.5

 1990* (-).............................. 169,759 154,687 15,072 8.9

 1980* (92)........................... 161,799 148,040 13,759 8.5

 1970* (73)........................... 176,617 159,359 17,258 9.8

 1960* (66)........................... 186,587 161,911 24,676 13.2

 1950* (50)........................... 202,940 168,925 34,015 16.8

 1940 (44).............................. 193,694 153,634 40,060 20.7

 1930 (42).............................. 195,311 144,150 51,161 26.2

 1920 (35).............................. 179,754 126,227 53,527 29.8

 1910 (33).............................. 145,986 97,389 48,597 33.3

 1900 (29).............................. 118,421 80,769 37,652 31.8

 1890 (33).............................. 84,655 57,952 26,703 31.5

 1880 (28).............................. 58,291 42,667 15,624 26.8

 1870 (30).............................. 41,105 29,159 11,946 29.1 

MICHIGAN 

Detroit

 2000* (10)........................... 951,270 905,729 45,541 4.8

 1990* (7).............................. 1,027,974 993,484 34,490 3.4

 1980* (6).............................. 1,203,339 1,135,036 68,303 5.7

 1970* (5).............................. 1,511,322 1,391,975 119,347 7.9

 1960* (5).............................. 1,670,144 1,468,431 201,713 12.1

 1950* (5).............................. 1,846,660 1,568,400 278,260 15.1

 1940 (4).............................. 1,623,452 1,300,764 322,688 19.9

 1930 (4).............................. 1,568,662 1,162,780 405,882 25.9

 1920 (4).............................. 993,678 702,794 290,884 29.3

 1910 (9).............................. 465,766 308,232 157,534 33.8

 1900 (13).............................. 285,704 189,201 96,503 33.8

 1890 (15).............................. 205,876 124,167 81,709 39.7

 1880 (18).............................. 116,340 70,695 45,645 39.2

 1870 (18).............................. 79,577 44,196 35,381 44.5

 1860 (19).............................. 45,619 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (30).............................. 21,019 11,092 9,927 47.2 

Flint

 2000* (-).............................. 124,939 123,107 1,832 1.5

 1990* (-).............................. 140,761 138,475 2,286 1.6 
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 1980* (96)........................... 159,611 155,343 4,268 2.7

 1970* (67)........................... 193,379 186,254 7,125 3.7

 1960* (62)........................... 196,940 186,302 10,638 5.4

 1950* (60)........................... 162,350 150,125 12,225 7.5

 1940 (56).............................. 151,543 135,627 15,916 10.5

 1930 (50).............................. 156,492 135,028 21,464 13.7

 1920 (78).............................. 91,599 76,386 15,213 16.6

 1910 (-).............................. 38,550 31,820 6,730 17.5

 1900 (-).............................. 13,103 10,938 2,165 16.5

 1890 (-).............................. 9,803 7,916 1,887 19.2

 1880 (-).............................. 8,409 6,654 1,755 20.9

 1870 (-).............................. 5,386 4,194 1,192 22.1 

Grand Rapids

 2000* (93)........................... 197,846 177,032 20,814 10.5

 1990* (83)........................... 189,126 181,670 7,456 3.9

 1980* (75)........................... 181,843 173,103 8,740 4.8

 1970* (65)........................... 197,461 187,605 9,856 5.0

 1960* (71)........................... 177,313 163,094 14,219 8.0

 1950* (55)........................... 175,980 159,520 16,460 9.4

 1940 (52).............................. 164,292 143,918 20,374 12.4

 1930 (46).............................. 168,592 141,243 27,349 16.2

 1920 (48).............................. 137,634 109,207 28,427 20.7

 1910 (44).............................. 112,571 84,184 28,387 25.2

 1900 (44).............................. 87,565 63,669 23,896 27.3

 1890 (47).............................. 60,278 40,874 19,404 32.2

 1880 (58).............................. 32,016 22,016 10,000 31.2

 1870 (88).............................. 16,507 10,782 5,725 34.7 

MINNESOTA 

Minneapolis

 2000* (45)........................... 382,452 326,977 55,475 14.5

 1990* (42)........................... 368,383 345,759 22,624 6.1

 1980* (34)........................... 370,951 352,691 18,260 4.9

 1970* (32)........................... 434,408 413,533 20,875 4.8

 1960* (25)........................... 482,872 448,424 34,448 7.1

 1950* (17)........................... 519,245 470,455 48,790 9.4

 1940 (16).............................. 492,370 428,006 64,364 13.1

 1930 (15).............................. 464,356 383,233 81,123 17.5

 1920 (18).............................. 380,582 292,334 88,248 23.2

 1910 (18).............................. 301,408 215,309 86,099 28.6

 1900 (19).............................. 202,718 141,697 61,021 30.1

 1890 (18).............................. 164,738 104,180 60,558 36.8

 1880 (38).............................. 46,887 31,874 15,013 32.0

 1870 (-).............................. 13,066 8,613 4,453 34.1 

St. Paul

 2000* (59)........................... 287,151 246,013 41,138 14.3

 1990* (57)........................... 272,235 252,342 19,893 7.3

 1980* (54)........................... 270,230 257,095 13,135 4.9

 1970* (46)........................... 310,004 297,966 12,038 3.9

 1960* (40)........................... 313,411 295,997 17,414 5.6

 1950* (35)........................... 310,220 285,755 24,465 7.9

 1940 (33).............................. 287,736 254,020 33,716 11.7

 1930 (31).............................. 271,606 226,954 44,652 16.4

 1920 (30).............................. 234,698 182,976 51,722 22.0

 1910 (26).............................. 214,744 158,087 56,657 26.4

 1900 (23).............................. 163,065 116,246 46,819 28.7

 1890 (23).............................. 133,156 79,979 53,177 39.9

 1880 (45).............................. 41,473 26,398 15,075 36.3

 1870 (71).............................. 20,030 11,343 8,687 43.4 
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MISSOURI 

Kansas City

 2000* (36)........................... 441,269 415,637 25,632 5.8

 1990* (31)........................... 435,141 422,754 12,387 2.8

 1980* (27)........................... 448,154 435,415 12,739 2.8

 1970* (26)........................... 507,247 496,995 10,252 2.0

 1960* (27)........................... 476,500 463,329 13,171 2.8

 1950* (20)........................... 456,710 440,660 16,050 3.5

 1940 (19).............................. 399,178 379,758 19,420 4.9

 1930 (19).............................. 399,746 373,548 26,198 6.6

 1920 (19).............................. 324,410 296,827 27,583 8.5

 1910 (20).............................. 248,381 222,915 25,466 10.3

 1900 (22).............................. 163,752 145,342 18,410 11.2

 1890 (24).............................. 132,716 111,858 20,858 15.7

 1880 (30).............................. 55,785 46,484 9,301 16.7

 1870 (38).............................. 32,260 24,581 7,679 23.8 

St. Joseph

 2000* (-).............................. 73,829 73,059 770 1.0

 1990* (-).............................. 71,852 71,291 561 0.8

 1980* (-).............................. 76,691 75,699 992 1.3

 1970* (-).............................. 72,932 71,848 1,084 1.5

 1960* (-).............................. 79,673 78,227 1,446 1.8

 1950 (-).............................. 78,588 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 75,711 72,951 2,760 3.6

 1930 (-).............................. 80,935 76,827 4,108 5.1

 1920 (87).............................. 77,939 71,501 6,438 8.3

 1910 (70).............................. 77,403 69,272 8,131 10.5

 1900 (34).............................. 102,979 94,555 8,424 8.2

 1890 (55).............................. 52,324 45,251 7,073 13.5

 1880 (57).............................. 32,431 26,775 5,656 17.4

 1870 (73).............................. 19,565 14,339 5,226 26.7 

St. Louis

 2000* (49)........................... 348,189 328,647 19,542 5.6

 1990* (34)........................... 396,685 386,651 10,034 2.5

 1980* (26)........................... 453,085 441,207 11,878 2.6

 1970* (18)........................... 622,234 605,974 16,260 2.6

 1960* (10)........................... 750,026 723,547 26,479 3.5

 1950* (8).............................. 853,490 811,435 42,055 4.9

 1940 (8).............................. 816,048 756,401 59,647 7.3

 1930 (7).............................. 821,960 740,614 81,346 9.9

 1920 (6).............................. 772,897 669,271 103,626 13.4

 1910 (4).............................. 687,029 560,806 126,223 18.4

 1900 (4).............................. 575,238 463,882 111,356 19.4

 1890 (5).............................. 451,770 336,894 114,876 25.4

 1880 (6).............................. 350,518 245,505 105,013 30.0

 1870 (4).............................. 310,864 198,615 112,249 36.1

 1860 (8).............................. 160,773 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (8).............................. 77,860 39,463 38,397 49.3 

NEBRASKA 

Omaha

 2000* (44)........................... 390,112 364,425 25,687 6.6

 1990* (48)........................... 335,795 326,393 9,402 2.8

 1980* (48)........................... 314,267 304,103 10,164 3.2

 1970* (41)........................... 347,790 337,053 10,737 3.1

 1960* (42)........................... 301,598 287,215 14,383 4.8

 1950* (41)........................... 249,740 232,210 17,530 7.0

 1940 (39).............................. 223,844 201,455 22,389 10.0

 1930 (39).............................. 214,006 184,480 29,526 13.8 
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 1920 (34).............................. 191,601 155,956 35,645 18.6

 1910 (41).............................. 124,096 96,917 27,179 21.9

 1900 (35).............................. 102,555 79,003 23,552 23.0

 1890 (21).............................. 140,452 105,413 35,039 24.9

 1880 (63).............................. 30,518 20,588 9,930 32.5

 1870 (91).............................. 16,083 9,763 6,320 39.3 

NEVADA 

Las Vegas

 2000 (32)................................ 478,868 388,212 90,656 18.9

 1990 (63)................................ 258,295 231,801 26,494 10.3

 1980 (89)................................ 164,674 151,557 13,117 8.0

 1970 (-)................................... 125,606 120,391 5,215 4.2

 1960 (-)................................... 64,405 61,361 3,044 4.7 

NEW JERSEY 

Camden

 2000* (-).............................. 79,904 72,804 7,100 8.9

 1990* (-).............................. 87,492 84,056 3,436 3.9

 1980* (-).............................. 84,910 82,267 2,643 3.1

 1970* (-).............................. 102,551 98,201 4,350 4.2

 1960* (-).............................. 117,159 108,817 8,342 7.1

 1950* (86)........................... 123,955 111,595 12,360 10.0

 1940 (71).............................. 117,536 102,471 15,065 12.8

 1930 (68).............................. 118,700 99,984 18,716 15.8

 1920 (58).............................. 116,309 95,955 20,354 17.5

 1910 (56).............................. 94,538 78,765 15,773 16.7

 1900 (52).............................. 75,935 65,838 10,097 13.3

 1890 (49).............................. 58,313 50,580 7,733 13.3

 1880 (44).............................. 41,659 37,164 4,495 10.8

 1870 (69).............................. 20,045 17,462 2,583 12.9 

Jersey City

 2000* (72)........................... 240,055 158,501 81,554 34.0

 1990* (67)........................... 228,537 172,211 56,326 24.6

 1980* (61)........................... 223,532 187,180 36,352 16.3

 1970* (54)........................... 260,549 233,914 26,635 10.2

 1960* (47)........................... 276,101 245,128 30,973 11.2

 1950* (37)........................... 299,130 257,740 41,390 13.8

 1940 (30).............................. 301,173 247,797 53,376 17.7

 1930 (23).............................. 316,715 246,027 70,688 22.3

 1920 (22).............................. 298,103 221,809 76,294 25.6

 1910 (19).............................. 267,779 189,792 77,987 29.1

 1900 (17).............................. 206,433 148,009 58,424 28.3

 1890 (19).............................. 163,003 109,645 53,358 32.7

 1880 (17).............................. 120,722 81,464 39,258 32.5

 1870 (17).............................. 82,546 50,711 31,835 38.6 

Newark

 2000* (63)........................... 273,546 207,489 66,057 24.1

 1990* (56)........................... 275,221 223,798 51,423 18.7

 1980* (46)........................... 329,248 281,509 47,739 14.5

 1970* (35)........................... 382,374 342,270 40,104 10.5

 1960* (30)........................... 405,220 355,261 49,959 12.3

 1950* (21)........................... 437,540 365,730 71,810 16.4

 1940 (18).............................. 429,760 338,889 90,871 21.1

 1930 (18).............................. 442,337 326,202 116,135 26.3

 1920 (15).............................. 414,524 296,975 117,549 28.4

 1910 (14).............................. 347,469 236,462 111,007 31.9

 1900 (16).............................. 246,070 174,707 71,363 29.0

 1890 (17).............................. 181,830 126,259 55,571 30.6

 1880 (15).............................. 136,508 96,178 40,330 29.5 
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 1870 (13).............................. 105,059 69,175 35,884 34.2

 1860 (11).............................. 71,941 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (19).............................. 38,894 26,572 12,322 31.7 

Paterson

 2000* (-).............................. 149,222 100,298 48,924 32.8

 1990* (-).............................. 140,891 105,536 35,355 25.1

 1980* (-).............................. 137,970 112,433 25,537 18.5

 1970* (95)........................... 144,835 123,834 21,001 14.5

 1960* (86)........................... 143,663 120,188 23,475 16.3

 1950* (66)........................... 139,135 111,025 28,110 20.2

 1940 (64).............................. 139,656 105,463 34,193 24.5

 1930 (60).............................. 138,513 95,748 42,765 30.9

 1920 (49).............................. 135,875 90,633 45,242 33.3

 1910 (40).............................. 125,600 80,115 45,485 36.2

 1900 (32).............................. 105,171 66,380 38,791 36.9

 1890 (36).............................. 78,347 47,185 31,162 39.8

 1880 (34).............................. 51,031 32,329 18,702 36.6

 1870 (37).............................. 33,579 20,711 12,868 38.3 

Trenton 

. 2000* (-).............................. 85,258 73,234 12,024 14.1

 1990* (-).............................. 88,675 81,980 6,695 7.6

 1980* (-).............................. 92,124 85,981 6,143 6.7

 1970* (-).............................. 104,521 96,498 8,023 7.7

 1960* (-).............................. 114,167 101,040 13,127 11.5

 1950* (80)........................... 127,875 109,835 18,040 14.1

 1940 (67).............................. 124,697 102,790 21,907 17.6

 1930 (65).............................. 123,356 96,479 26,877 21.8

 1920 (55).............................. 119,289 89,121 30,168 25.3

 1910 (52).............................. 96,815 70,439 26,376 27.2

 1900 (53).............................. 73,307 56,514 16,793 22.9

 1890 (50).............................. 57,458 43,410 14,048 24.4

 1880 (64).............................. 29,910 24,191 5,719 19.1

 1870 (58).............................. 22,874 17,855 5,019 21.9 

NEW MEXICO 

Albuquerque

 2000* (35)........................... 448,627 408,865 39,762 8.9

 1990* (38)........................... 384,736 363,426 21,310 5.5

 1980* (44)........................... 331,767 316,711 15,056 4.5

 1970* (58)........................... 243,751 238,734 5,017 2.1

 1960* (60)........................... 201,189 196,686 4,503 2.2

 1950 (-).............................. 96,815 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 35,449 33,909 1,540 4.3

 1930 (-).............................. 26,570 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1920 (-).............................. 15,157 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1910 (-).............................. 11,020 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1900 (-).............................. 6,238 5,282 956 15.3

 1890 (-).............................. 3,785 3,084 701 18.5 

NEW YORK 

Albany

 2000* (-).............................. 95,658 87,436 8,222 8.6

 1990* (-).............................. 101,082 93,297 7,785 7.7

 1980* (-).............................. 101,727 94,625 7,102 7.0

 1970* (-).............................. 115,875 108,067 7,808 6.7

 1960* (94)........................... 129,726 119,548 10,178 7.8

 1950* (69)........................... 134,325 122,120 12,205 9.1

 1940 (65).............................. 130,577 115,334 15,243 11.7

 1930 (64).............................. 127,412 109,388 18,024 14.1

 1920 (60).............................. 113,344 95,649 17,695 15.6 
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 1910 (50).............................. 100,253 82,035 18,218 18.2

 1900 (40).............................. 94,151 76,433 17,718 18.8

 1890 (29).............................. 94,923 72,630 22,293 23.5

 1880 (21).............................. 90,758 66,993 23,765 26.2

 1870 (20).............................. 69,422 47,215 22,207 32.0

 1860 (13).............................. 62,367 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (10).............................. 50,763 34,172 16,591 32.7 

Brooklyn 6 

1890 (4).............................. 806,343 544,643 261,700 32.5

 1880 (3).............................. 566,663 388,969 177,694 31.4

 1870 (3).............................. 396,099 251,381 144,718 36.5 

Buffalo

 2000* (58)........................... 292,648 279,792 12,856 4.4

 1990* (50)........................... 328,123 313,382 14,741 4.5

 1980* (39)........................... 357,870 335,845 22,025 6.2

 1970* (28)........................... 462,781 427,529 35,252 7.6

 1960* (20)........................... 532,759 477,739 55,020 10.3

 1950* (15)........................... 577,825 507,320 70,505 12.2

 1940 (14).............................. 575,901 483,500 92,401 16.0

 1930 (13).............................. 573,076 454,135 118,941 20.8

 1920 (11).............................. 506,775 384,951 121,824 24.0

 1910 (10).............................. 423,715 305,026 118,689 28.0

 1900 (8).............................. 352,387 248,135 104,252 29.6

 1890 (11).............................. 255,664 166,179 89,485 35.0

 1880 (13).............................. 155,134 103,866 51,268 33.0

 1870 (11).............................. 117,714 71,477 46,237 39.3 

New York 7 

2000* (1).............................. 8,008,278 5,137,246 2,871,032 35.9

 1990* (1).............................. 7,322,564 5,239,633 2,082,931 28.4

 1980* (1).............................. 7,071,639 5,401,440 1,670,199 23.6

 1970* (1).............................. 7,894,798 6,457,740 1,437,058 18.2

 1960* (1).............................. 7,783,314 6,224,624 1,558,690 20.0

 1950* (1).............................. 7,887,380 6,026,450 1,860,930 23.6

 1940 (1).............................. 7,454,995 5,316,338 2,138,657 28.7

 1930 (1).............................. 6,930,446 4,571,760 2,358,686 34.0

 1920 (1).............................. 5,620,048 3,591,888 2,028,160 36.1

 1910 (1).............................. 4,766,883 2,822,526 1,944,357 40.8

 1900 (1).............................. 3,437,202 2,167,122 1,270,080 37.0

 1890 (1).............................. 1,515,301 875,358 639,943 42.2

 1880 (1).............................. 1,206,299 727,629 478,670 39.7

 1870 (1).............................. 942,292 523,198 419,094 44.5

 1860 (1).............................. 813,669 429,952 383,717 47.2

 1850 (1).............................. 515,547 279,814 235,733 45.7 

Bronx borough 7 

2000* (X).............................. 1,332,650 946,823 385,827 29.0

 1990* (X).............................. 1,203,789 928,996 274,793 22.8

 1980* (X).............................. 1,168,972 953,659 215,313 18.4

 1970* (X).............................. 1,471,686 1,242,476 229,210 15.6

 1960* (X).............................. 1,424,814 1,118,222 306,592 21.5

 1950 (X).............................. 1,451,277 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (X).............................. 1,394,711 931,258 463,453 33.2

 1930 (X).............................. 1,265,258 785,807 479,451 37.9

 1920 (X).............................. 732,016 464,274 267,742 36.6

 1910 (X).............................. 430,980 281,553 149,427 34.7

 1900 (X).............................. 200,507 138,965 61,542 30.7 

Brooklyn borough 7 

2000* (X).............................. 2,465,326 1,533,557 931,769 37.8 
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 1990* (X).............................. 2,300,664 1,628,095 672,569 29.2

 1980* (X).............................. 2,230,936 1,699,963 530,973 23.8

 1970* (X).............................. 2,601,974 2,145,338 456,636 17.5

 1960* (X).............................. 2,628,230 2,111,881 516,349 19.6

 1950 (X).............................. 2,738,175 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (X).............................. 2,698,285 1,920,231 778,054 28.8

 1930 (X).............................. 2,560,401 1,678,830 881,571 34.4

 1920 (X).............................. 2,018,356 1,352,168 666,188 33.0

 1910 (X).............................. 1,634,351 1,059,621 574,730 35.2

 1900 (X).............................. 1,166,582 810,885 355,697 30.5 

Manhattan borough 7 

2000* (X).............................. 1,537,195 1,084,755 452,440 29.4

 1990* (X).............................. 1,487,536 1,103,670 383,866 25.8

 1980* (X).............................. 1,428,285 1,079,704 348,581 24.4

 1970* (X).............................. 1,539,225 1,231,595 307,630 20.0

 1960* (X).............................. 1,698,285 1,323,587 374,698 22.1

 1950 (X).............................. 1,960,101 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (X).............................. 1,889,924 1,307,029 582,895 30.8

 1930 (X).............................. 1,867,312 1,177,806 689,506 36.9

 1920 (X).............................. 2,284,103 1,333,839 950,264 41.6

 1910 (X).............................. 2,331,542 1,215,065 1,116,477 47.9

 1900 (X).............................. 1,850,093 1,060,751 789,342 42.7 

Queens borough 7 

2000* (X).............................. 2,229,379 1,201,040 1,028,339 46.1

 1990* (X).............................. 1,951,598 1,244,445 707,153 36.2

 1980* (X).............................. 1,891,325 1,350,507 540,818 28.6

 1970* (X).............................. 1,986,470 1,569,583 416,887 21.0

 1960* (X).............................. 1,809,994 1,474,371 335,623 18.5

 1950 (X).............................. 1,550,849 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (X).............................. 1,297,634 1,018,697 278,937 21.5

 1930 (X).............................. 1,079,129 810,770 268,359 24.9

 1920 (X).............................. 469,042 356,871 112,171 23.9

 1910 (X).............................. 284,041 204,712 79,329 27.9

 1900 (X).............................. 152,999 108,187 44,812 29.3 

Staten Island borough 7 

2000* (X).............................. 443,728 371,071 72,657 16.4

 1990* (X).............................. 378,977 334,427 44,550 11.8

 1980* (X).............................. 352,121 317,607 34,514 9.8

 1970* (X).............................. 295,443 268,748 26,695 9.0

 1960* (X).............................. 221,991 196,563 25,428 11.5

 1950 (X).............................. 191,555 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (X).............................. 174,441 139,123 35,318 20.2

 1930 (X).............................. 158,346 118,547 39,799 25.1

 1920 (X).............................. 116,531 84,736 31,795 27.3

 1910 (X).............................. 85,969 61,575 24,394 28.4

 1900 (X).............................. 67,021 48,334 18,687 27.9 

Rochester

 2000* (79)........................... 219,766 203,689 16,077 7.3

 1990* (66)........................... 231,636 217,213 14,423 6.2

 1980* (57)........................... 241,741 221,466 20,275 8.4

 1970* (49)........................... 296,233 265,003 31,230 10.5

 1960* (38)........................... 318,611 276,567 42,044 13.2

 1950* (33)........................... 330,990 281,945 49,045 14.8

 1940 (23).............................. 324,975 264,737 60,238 18.5

 1930 (22).............................. 328,132 253,293 74,839 22.8

 1920 (23).............................. 295,750 224,339 71,411 24.1

 1910 (25).............................. 218,149 159,073 59,076 27.1 
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 1900 (24).............................. 162,608 121,860 40,748 25.1

 1890 (22).............................. 133,896 94,121 39,775 29.7

 1880 (22).............................. 89,366 62,744 26,622 29.8

 1870 (22).............................. 62,386 41,202 21,184 34.0 

Syracuse

 2000* (-).............................. 147,326 136,112 11,214 7.6

 1990* (-).............................. 163,860 153,284 10,576 6.5

 1980* (86)........................... 170,105 157,079 13,026 7.7

 1970* (66)........................... 197,332 181,625 15,707 8.0

 1960* (53)........................... 216,038 194,842 21,196 9.8

 1950* (47)........................... 218,830 195,335 23,495 10.7

 1940 (41).............................. 205,967 178,335 27,632 13.4

 1930 (40).............................. 209,326 174,176 35,150 16.8

 1920 (37).............................. 171,717 139,334 32,383 18.9

 1910 (34).............................. 137,249 106,401 30,848 22.5

 1900 (30).............................. 108,374 84,617 23,757 21.9

 1890 (31).............................. 88,143 65,801 22,342 25.3

 1880 (32).............................. 51,792 38,774 13,018 25.1

 1870 (29).............................. 43,051 29,061 13,990 32.5 

Troy

 2000* (-).............................. 49,170 46,298 2,872 5.8

 1990* (-).............................. 54,269 50,897 3,372 6.2

 1980* (-).............................. 56,638 53,314 3,324 5.9

 1970* (-).............................. 62,907 59,397 3,510 5.6

 1960* (-).............................. 67,492 63,189 4,303 6.4

 1950 (-).............................. 72,311 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 70,304 62,739 7,565 10.8

 1930 (-).............................. 72,763 62,516 10,247 14.1

 1920 (98).............................. 72,013 60,488 11,525 16.0

 1910 (72).............................. 76,813 61,365 15,448 20.1

 1900 (62).............................. 60,651 46,267 14,384 23.7

 1890 (46).............................. 60,956 43,691 17,265 28.3

 1880 (29).............................. 56,747 39,809 16,938 29.8 

1870 (28).............................. 46,465 30,246 16,219 34.9 

Utica

 2000* (-).............................. 60,679 53,448 7,231 11.9

 1990* (-).............................. 68,637 64,919 3,718 5.4

 1980* (-).............................. 75,632 70,744 4,888 6.5

 1970* (-).............................. 91,727 84,245 7,482 8.2

 1960* (-).............................. 100,410 89,006 11,404 11.4

 1950* (-).............................. 101,040 86,570 14,470 14.3

 1940 (92).............................. 100,518 83,166 17,352 17.3

 1930 (89).............................. 101,740 80,413 21,327 21.0

 1920 (74).............................. 94,156 70,865 23,291 24.7

 1910 (73).............................. 74,419 53,103 21,316 28.6

 1900 (66).............................. 56,383 42,913 13,470 23.9

 1890 (67).............................. 44,007 32,238 11,769 26.7

 1880 (52).............................. 33,914 24,581 9,333 27.5

 1870 (46).............................. 28,804 18,955 9,849 34.2 

NORTH CAROLINA 

Charlotte

 2000* (26)........................... 542,131 482,282 59,849 11.0

 1990* (35)........................... 396,003 380,884 15,119 3.8

 1980* (47)........................... 314,447 305,705 8,742 2.8

 1970* (60)........................... 241,130 238,093 3,037 1.3

 1960* (59)........................... 201,564 199,767 1,797 0.9

 1950* (70)........................... 133,800 132,555 1,245 0.9

 1940 (91).............................. 100,899 99,991 908 0.9 
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 1930 (-).............................. 82,675 81,759 916 1.1

 1920 (-).............................. 46,338 45,816 522 1.1

 1910 (-).............................. 34,014 33,534 480 1.4

 1900 (-).............................. 18,091 17,804 287 1.6

 1890 (-).............................. 11,557 11,371 186 1.6

 1880 (-).............................. 7,094 6,901 193 2.7

 1870 (-).............................. 4,473 4,305 168 3.8 

OHIO 

Akron

 2000* (81)........................... 217,088 210,177 6,911 3.2

 1990* (71)........................... 223,019 216,208 6,811 3.1

 1980* (59)........................... 237,177 228,476 8,701 3.7

 1970* (52)........................... 275,420 263,173 12,247 4.4

 1960* (45)........................... 290,351 272,988 17,363 6.0

 1950* (39)........................... 273,710 252,855 20,855 7.6

 1940 (38).............................. 244,791 219,313 25,478 10.4

 1930 (35).............................. 255,040 223,346 31,694 12.4

 1920 (32).............................. 208,435 170,414 38,021 18.2

 1910 (81).............................. 69,067 55,818 13,249 19.2

 1900 (87).............................. 42,728 35,601 7,127 16.7

 1890 (-).............................. 27,601 21,608 5,993 21.7

 1880 (-).............................. 16,512 12,901 3,611 21.9

 1870 (-).............................. 10,006 7,402 2,604 26.0 

Cincinnati

 2000* (54)........................... 330,662 318,201 12,461 3.8

 1990* (45)........................... 364,040 353,995 10,045 2.8

 1980* (32)........................... 385,457 374,833 10,624 2.8

 1970* (29)........................... 452,376 440,039 12,337 2.7

 1960* (21)........................... 502,550 485,950 16,600 3.3

 1950* (18)........................... 502,010 481,485 20,525 4.1

 1940 (17).............................. 455,610 429,712 25,898 5.7

 1930 (17).............................. 451,160 416,174 34,986 7.8

 1920 (16).............................. 401,247 358,326 42,921 10.7

 1910 (13).............................. 363,591 306,732 56,859 15.6

 1900 (10).............................. 325,902 267,941 57,961 17.8

 1890 (9).............................. 296,908 225,500 71,408 24.1

 1880 (8).............................. 255,139 183,480 71,659 28.1

 1870 (8).............................. 216,239 136,627 79,612 36.8

 1860 (7).............................. 161,044 87,430 73,614 45.7

 1850 (6).............................. 115,435 60,894 54,541 47.2 

Cleveland

 2000* (33)........................... 478,393 457,021 21,372 4.5

 1990* (23)........................... 505,616 484,641 20,975 4.1

 1980* (18)........................... 573,822 540,475 33,347 5.8

 1970* (10)........................... 750,932 694,532 56,400 7.5

 1960* (8).............................. 876,050 779,466 96,584 11.0

 1950* (7).............................. 912,840 779,960 132,880 14.6

 1940 (6).............................. 878,336 698,552 179,784 20.5

 1930 (6).............................. 900,429 669,483 230,946 25.6

 1920 (5).............................. 796,841 556,668 240,173 30.1

 1910 (6).............................. 560,663 364,493 196,170 35.0

 1900 (7).............................. 381,768 257,137 124,631 32.6

 1890 (10).............................. 261,353 164,258 97,095 37.2

 1880 (11).............................. 160,146 100,737 59,409 37.1

 1870 (15).............................. 92,829 54,014 38,815 41.8 

Columbus

 2000* (15)........................... 711,644 663,931 47,713 6.7

 1990* (16)........................... 632,958 609,487 23,471 3.7 
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 1980* (19)........................... 564,866 548,411 16,455 2.9

 1970* (21)........................... 539,469 528,275 11,194 2.1

 1960* (28)........................... 471,316 460,264 11,052 2.3

 1950* (30)........................... 362,205 351,740 10,465 2.9

 1940 (26).............................. 306,087 294,035 12,052 3.9

 1930 (28).............................. 290,564 275,122 15,442 5.3

 1920 (28).............................. 237,031 220,844 16,187 6.8

 1910 (29).............................. 181,511 165,148 16,363 9.0

 1900 (28).............................. 125,560 113,232 12,328 9.8

 1890 (30).............................. 88,150 75,662 12,488 14.2

 1880 (33).............................. 51,647 42,576 9,071 17.6

 1870 (42).............................. 31,274 23,663 7,611 24.3 

Dayton

 2000* (-).............................. 166,193 162,948 3,245 2.0

 1990* (89)........................... 182,044 179,438 2,606 1.4

 1980* (70)........................... 203,371 199,230 4,141 2.0

 1970* (59)........................... 243,405 239,206 4,199 1.7

 1960* (49)........................... 262,332 256,234 6,098 2.3

 1950* (44)........................... 243,050 234,985 8,065 3.3

 1940 (40).............................. 210,718 201,357 9,361 4.4

 1930 (41).............................. 200,982 188,888 12,094 6.0

 1920 (43).............................. 152,559 139,394 13,165 8.6

 1910 (43).............................. 116,577 102,685 13,892 11.9

 1900 (45).............................. 85,333 75,280 10,053 11.8

 1890 (45).............................. 61,220 51,633 9,587 15.7

 1880 (47).............................. 38,678 31,432 7,246 18.7

 1870 (44).............................. 30,473 23,050 7,423 24.4 

Toledo

 2000* (56)........................... 313,587 304,112 9,475 3.0

 1990* (49)........................... 332,943 323,680 9,263 2.8

 1980* (40)........................... 354,635 343,625 11,010 3.1

 1970* (34)........................... 384,067 371,601 12,466 3.2

 1960* (39)........................... 318,003 302,620 15,383 4.8

 1950* (36)........................... 303,725 283,650 20,075 6.6

 1940 (34).............................. 282,349 257,493 24,856 8.8

 1930 (27).............................. 290,718 256,717 34,001 11.7

 1920 (26).............................. 243,164 204,868 38,296 15.7

 1910 (30).............................. 168,497 136,353 32,144 19.1

 1900 (26).............................. 131,822 104,000 27,822 21.1

 1890 (34).............................. 81,434 59,245 22,189 27.2

 1880 (35).............................. 50,137 35,788 14,349 28.6

 1870 (40).............................. 31,584 20,485 11,099 35.1 

Youngstown

 2000* (-).............................. 82,026 80,421 1,605 2.0

 1990* (-).............................. 95,732 92,853 2,879 3.0

 1980* (-).............................. 115,435 109,878 5,557 4.8

 1970* (98)........................... 139,720 130,680 9,040 6.5

 1960* (75)........................... 166,689 149,838 16,851 10.1

 1950* (57)........................... 168,065 146,530 21,535 12.8

 1940 (49).............................. 167,720 141,002 26,718 15.9

 1930 (45).............................. 170,002 136,771 33,231 19.5

 1920 (50).............................. 132,358 98,413 33,945 25.6

 1910 (67).............................. 79,066 54,170 24,896 31.5

 1900 (84).............................. 44,885 32,678 12,207 27.2

 1890 (91).............................. 33,220 22,684 10,536 31.7

 1880 (-).............................. 15,435 10,678 4,757 30.8

 1870 (-).............................. 8,075 5,258 2,817 34.9 

OKLAHOMA 
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Oklahoma City

 2000* (29)........................... 505,963 463,078 42,885 8.5

 1990* (29)........................... 444,730 425,998 18,732 4.2

 1980* (31)........................... 403,243 391,791 11,452 2.8

 1970* (37)........................... 366,756 362,877 3,879 1.1

 1960* (37)........................... 324,253 320,757 3,496 1.1

 1950* (45)........................... 242,085 239,380 2,705 1.1

 1940 (42).............................. 204,424 201,573 2,851 1.4

 1930 (43).............................. 185,389 181,667 3,722 2.0

 1920 (80).............................. 91,295 87,730 3,565 3.9

 1910 (87).............................. 64,205 60,868 3,337 5.2

 1900 (-).............................. 10,037 9,466 571 5.7

 1890 (-).............................. 4,151 3,808 343 8.3 

Tulsa

 2000* (43)........................... 393,051 367,386 25,665 6.5

 1990* (43)........................... 367,193 356,183 11,010 3.0

 1980* (38)........................... 360,919 351,570 9,349 2.6

 1970* (43)........................... 331,768 328,269 3,499 1.1

 1960* (50)........................... 261,685 258,738 2,947 1.1

 1950* (51)........................... 182,705 180,485 2,220 1.2

 1940 (62).............................. 142,157 139,963 2,194 1.5

 1930 (58).............................. 141,258 138,420 2,838 2.0

 1920 (97).............................. 72,075 70,009 2,066 2.9 

OREGON 

Portland

 2000* (28)........................... 529,025 460,049 68,976 13.0

 1990* (30)........................... 437,398 403,797 33,601 7.7

 1980* (35)........................... 366,423 340,440 25,983 7.1

 1970* (36)........................... 381,927 360,847 21,080 5.5

 1960* (32)........................... 372,664 345,238 27,426 7.4

 1950* (28)........................... 373,105 338,185 34,920 9.4

 1940 (27).............................. 305,394 265,389 40,005 13.1

 1930 (25).............................. 301,815 251,587 50,228 16.6

 1920 (24).............................. 258,288 208,510 49,778 19.3

 1910 (28).............................. 207,214 156,902 50,312 24.3

 1900 (42).............................. 90,426 64,550 25,876 28.6

 1890 (61).............................. 46,385 29,062 17,323 37.3

 1880 (-).............................. 17,577 11,265 6,312 35.9

 1870 (-).............................. 8,293 5,715 2,578 31.1 

PENNSYLVANIA 

Allegheny 8 

1900 (27).............................. 129,896 99,680 30,216 23.3

 1890 (28).............................. 105,287 79,152 26,135 24.8

 1880 (23).............................. 78,682 59,245 19,437 24.7

 1870 (23).............................. 53,180 37,872 15,308 28.8 

Philadelphia

 2000* (5).............................. 1,517,550 1,380,345 137,205 9.0

 1990* (5).............................. 1,585,577 1,480,763 104,814 6.6

 1980* (4).............................. 1,688,210 1,580,259 107,951 6.4

 1970* (4).............................. 1,948,608 1,821,712 126,896 6.5

 1960* (4).............................. 2,002,509 1,824,082 178,427 8.9

 1950* (3).............................. 2,068,095 1,830,300 237,795 11.5

 1940 (3).............................. 1,931,334 1,638,788 292,546 15.1

 1930 (3).............................. 1,950,961 1,578,883 372,078 19.1

 1920 (3).............................. 1,823,779 1,423,035 400,744 22.0

 1910 (3).............................. 1,549,008 1,164,301 384,707 24.8

 1900 (3).............................. 1,293,697 998,357 295,340 22.8

 1890 (3).............................. 1,046,964 777,484 269,480 25.7 
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 1880 (2).............................. 847,170 642,835 204,335 24.1

 1870 (2).............................. 674,022 490,398 183,624 27.2

 1860 (2).............................. 565,529 396,099 169,430 30.0 

Pittsburgh

 2000* (-).............................. 334,563 315,689 18,874 5.6

 1990* (40)........................... 369,879 352,933 16,946 4.6

 1980* (30)........................... 423,938 401,743 22,195 5.2

 1970* (24)........................... 520,146 488,871 31,275 6.0

 1960* (16)........................... 604,332 559,079 45,253 7.5

 1950* (12)........................... 675,465 609,895 65,570 9.7

 1940 (10).............................. 671,659 586,756 84,903 12.6

 1930 (10).............................. 669,817 560,132 109,685 16.4

 1920 (9).............................. 588,343 467,551 120,792 20.5

 1910 (8).............................. 533,905 392,981 140,924 26.4

 1900 (11).............................. 321,616 236,738 84,878 26.4

 1890 (13).............................. 238,617 165,328 73,289 30.7

 1880 (12).............................. 156,389 111,784 44,605 28.5

 1870 (16).............................. 86,076 58,254 27,822 32.3 

Reading

 2000* (-).............................. 81,201 72,685 8,516 10.5

 1990* (-).............................. 78,380 75,018 3,362 4.3

 1980* (-).............................. 78,686 75,802 2,884 3.7

 1970* (-).............................. 87,647 84,013 3,634 4.1

 1960* (-).............................. 98,177 93,068 5,109 5.2

 1950* (96)........................... 109,245 102,695 6,550 6.0

 1940 (79).............................. 110,568 102,688 7,880 7.1

 1930 (76).............................. 111,171 101,584 9,587 8.6

 1920 (64).............................. 107,784 98,211 9,573 8.9

 1910 (55).............................. 96,071 87,248 8,823 9.2

 1900 (50).............................. 78,961 73,021 5,940 7.5

 1890 (48).............................. 58,661 53,929 4,732 8.1

 1880 (41).............................. 43,278 39,654 3,624 8.4

 1870 (36).............................. 33,930 30,059 3,871 11.4 

Scranton

 2000* (-).............................. 76,415 74,040 2,375 3.1

 1990* (-).............................. 81,805 79,715 2,090 2.6

 1980* (-).............................. 88,117 84,950 3,167 3.6

 1970* (-).............................. 103,446 98,904 4,542 4.4

 1960* (-).............................. 111,443 104,230 7,213 6.5

 1950* (83)........................... 125,300 112,645 12,655 10.1

 1940 (63).............................. 140,404 122,015 18,389 13.1

 1930 (55).............................. 143,433 117,976 25,457 17.7

 1920 (47).............................. 137,783 109,196 28,587 20.7

 1910 (38).............................. 129,867 94,745 35,122 27.0

 1900 (38).............................. 102,026 73,053 28,973 28.4

 1890 (39).............................. 75,215 49,642 25,573 34.0

 1880 (39).............................. 45,850 29,993 15,857 34.6

 1870 (35).............................. 35,092 19,205 15,887 45.3 

RHODE ISLAND 

Providence

 2000* (-).............................. 173,618 129,671 43,947 25.3

 1990* (-).............................. 160,728 129,196 31,532 19.6

 1980* (100)........................... 156,804 135,643 21,161 13.5

 1970* (71)........................... 179,231 161,000 18,231 10.2

 1960* (56)........................... 207,498 181,480 26,018 12.5

 1950* (43)........................... 248,520 209,085 39,435 15.9

 1940 (37).............................. 253,504 201,655 51,849 20.5

 1930 (37).............................. 252,981 187,626 65,355 25.8 
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 1920 (27).............................. 237,595 167,700 69,895 29.4

 1910 (23).............................. 224,326 147,327 76,999 34.3

 1900 (20).............................. 175,597 119,742 55,855 31.8

 1890 (25).............................. 132,146 91,782 40,364 30.5

 1880 (20).............................. 104,857 76,782 28,075 26.8

 1870 (21).............................. 68,904 51,727 17,177 24.9

 1860 (16).............................. 50,666 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (17).............................. 41,513 31,834 9,679 23.3 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

Charleston

 2000* (-).............................. 96,086 92,676 3,410 3.5

 1990* (-).............................. 80,414 78,508 1,906 2.4

 1980* (-).............................. 69,510 67,872 1,638 2.4

 1970* (-).............................. 66,934 66,079 855 1.3

 1960* (-).............................. 65,925 65,014 911 1.4

 1950 (-).............................. 70,174 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1940 (-).............................. 71,275 69,956 1,319 1.9

 1930 (-).............................. 62,265 60,626 1,639 2.6

 1920 (-).............................. 67,957 65,723 2,234 3.3

 1910 (90).............................. 58,833 56,385 2,448 4.2

 1900 (68).............................. 55,807 53,215 2,592 4.6

 1890 (53).............................. 54,955 51,822 3,133 5.7

 1880 (36).............................. 49,984 46,034 3,950 7.9

 1870 (26).............................. 48,956 44,064 4,892 10.0

 1860 (22).............................. 40,522 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (15).............................. 42,985 38,342 4,643 10.8 

TENNESSEE 

Memphis

 2000* (18)........................... 649,845 623,770 26,075 4.0

 1990* (18)........................... 610,337 602,039 8,298 1.4

 1980* (14)........................... 646,356 637,969 8,387 1.3

 1970* (17)........................... 623,753 618,652 5,101 0.8

 1960* (22)........................... 497,524 493,112 4,412 0.9

 1950* (26)........................... 394,985 390,650 4,335 1.1

 1940 (32).............................. 292,942 288,431 4,511 1.5

 1930 (36).............................. 253,143 247,816 5,327 2.1

 1920 (40).............................. 162,351 156,507 5,844 3.6 

1910 (37).............................. 131,105 124,585 6,520 5.0

 1900 (37).............................. 102,320 97,210 5,110 5.0

 1890 (43).............................. 64,495 59,095 5,400 8.4

 1880 (54).............................. 33,592 29,621 3,971 11.8

 1870 (32).............................. 40,226 33,446 6,780 16.9

 1860 (38).............................. 22,623 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (73).............................. 8,841 7,440 1,401 15.8 

Nashville 3 

2000* (25)........................... 545,549 506,613 38,936 7.1

 1990* (25)........................... 488,518 476,347 12,171 2.5

 1980* (25)........................... 455,663 448,000 7,663 1.7

 1970* (30)........................... 448,003 444,315 3,688 0.8

 1960* (73)........................... 170,874 169,497 1,377 0.8

 1950* (56)........................... 173,580 172,205 1,375 0.8

 1940 (50).............................. 167,402 165,846 1,556 0.9

 1930 (51).............................. 153,866 152,055 1,811 1.2

 1920 (56).............................. 118,342 115,930 2,412 2.0

 1910 (45).............................. 110,364 107,347 3,017 2.7

 1900 (47).............................. 80,865 77,828 3,037 3.8

 1890 (38).............................. 76,168 72,374 3,794 5.0

 1880 (40).............................. 43,350 40,325 3,025 7.0 
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 1870 (52).............................. 25,865 23,056 2,809 10.9

 1860 (54).............................. 16,988 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (63).............................. 10,165 9,217 948 9.3 

TEXAS 

Austin

 2000* (16)........................... 656,302 547,296 109,006 16.6

 1990* (27)........................... 465,577 425,951 39,626 8.5

 1980* (42)........................... 345,544 328,840 16,704 4.8

 1970* (56)........................... 251,791 246,294 5,497 2.2

 1960* (67)........................... 186,545 182,209 4,336 2.3

 1950* (73)........................... 131,645 127,930 3,715 2.8

 1940 (-).............................. 87,930 84,910 3,020 3.4

 1930 (-).............................. 53,120 50,078 3,042 5.7

 1920 (-).............................. 34,876 32,314 2,562 7.3

 1910 (-).............................. 29,860 27,405 2,455 8.2

 1900 (-).............................. 22,258 20,146 2,112 9.5

 1890 (-).............................. 14,575 12,737 1,838 12.6

 1880 (-).............................. 11,013 9,628 1,385 12.6

 1870 (-).............................. 4,428 3,812 616 13.9 

Dallas

 2000* (8).............................. 1,188,204 897,768 290,436 24.4

 1990* (8).............................. 1,006,831 880,969 125,862 12.5

 1980* (7).............................. 904,074 849,162 54,912 6.1

 1970* (8).............................. 844,280 826,854 17,426 2.1

 1960* (14)........................... 679,684 666,964 12,720 1.9

 1950* (22)........................... 432,970 424,620 8,350 1.9

 1940 (31).............................. 294,734 287,339 7,395 2.5

 1930 (33).............................. 260,475 251,014 9,461 3.6

 1920 (42).............................. 158,976 150,175 8,801 5.5

 1910 (58).............................. 92,104 86,840 5,264 5.7

 1900 (88).............................. 42,638 39,257 3,381 7.9

 1890 (77).............................. 38,067 34,089 3,978 10.4

 1880 (-).............................. 10,358 9,035 1,323 12.8 

El Paso

 2000* (22)........................... 564,280 416,775 147,505 26.1

 1990* (22)........................... 515,342 394,910 120,432 23.4

 1980* (28)........................... 425,259 334,352 90,907 21.4

 1970* (45)........................... 322,261 277,919 44,342 13.8

 1960* (46)........................... 276,687 233,673 43,014 15.5

 1950* (76)........................... 130,505 108,655 21,850 16.7

 1940 (98).............................. 96,810 74,688 22,122 22.9

 1930 (86).............................. 102,421 66,118 36,303 35.4

 1920 (89).............................. 77,560 43,905 33,655 43.4

 1910 (-).............................. 39,279 24,775 14,504 36.9

 1900 (-).............................. 15,906 9,597 6,309 39.7

 1890 (-).............................. 10,338 6,519 3,819 36.9 

Fort Worth

 2000* (27)........................... 535,420 448,300 87,120 16.3

 1990* (28)........................... 447,619 407,319 40,300 9.0

 1980* (33)........................... 385,166 366,854 18,312 4.8

 1970* (33)........................... 393,516 387,577 5,939 1.5

 1960* (34)........................... 356,729 351,913 4,816 1.4

 1950* (38)........................... 277,585 273,465 4,120 1.5

 1940 (46).............................. 177,662 174,098 3,564 2.0

 1930 (48).............................. 163,447 158,514 4,933 3.0

 1920 (65).............................. 106,482 98,980 7,502 7.0

 1910 (75).............................. 73,312 69,032 4,280 5.8

 1900 (-).............................. 26,688 24,895 1,793 6.7 
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 1890 (-).............................. 23,076 21,053 2,023 8.8

 1880 (-).............................. 6,663 6,137 526 7.9 

Houston

 2000* (4).............................. 1,954,848 1,438,743 516,105 26.4

 1990* (4).............................. 1,630,672 1,340,298 290,374 17.8

 1980* (5).............................. 1,595,167 1,439,590 155,577 9.8

 1970* (6).............................. 1,231,572 1,194,071 37,501 3.0

 1960* (7).............................. 938,219 913,920 24,299 2.6

 1950* (14)........................... 594,585 577,030 17,555 3.0

 1940 (21).............................. 384,514 369,050 15,464 4.0

 1930 (26).............................. 292,352 274,415 17,937 6.1

 1920 (45).............................. 138,276 126,188 12,088 8.7

 1910 (68).............................. 78,800 72,392 6,408 8.1

 1900 (85).............................. 44,633 40,228 4,405 9.9

 1890 (-).............................. 27,557 24,442 3,115 11.3

 1880 (-).............................. 16,513 14,240 2,273 13.8

 1870 (-).............................. 9,382 7,811 1,571 16.7 

San Antonio

 2000* (9).............................. 1,144,554 1,010,879 133,675 11.7

 1990* (10)........................... 935,927 848,378 87,549 9.4

 1980* (11)........................... 785,809 720,933 64,876 8.3

 1970* (15)........................... 654,468 615,779 38,689 5.9

 1960* (17)........................... 588,042 548,258 39,784 6.8

 1950* (25)........................... 407,335 374,340 32,995 8.1

 1940 (36).............................. 253,854 225,558 28,296 11.1

 1930 (38).............................. 231,542 190,830 40,712 17.6

 1920 (41).............................. 161,379 124,555 36,824 22.8

 1910 (54).............................. 96,614 79,119 17,495 18.1

 1900 (71).............................. 53,321 43,973 9,348 17.5

 1890 (81).............................. 37,673 28,670 9,003 23.9

 1880 (96).............................. 20,550 14,952 5,598 27.2

 1870 (-) 12,256 8,136 4,120 33.6 

VIRGINIA 

Norfolk

 2000* (73)........................... 234,403 222,769 11,634 5.0

 1990* (62)........................... 261,229 251,463 9,766 3.7

 1980* (55)........................... 266,979 256,327 10,652 4.0

 1970* (47)........................... 307,951 300,477 7,474 2.4

 1960* (41)........................... 305,872 300,091 5,781 1.9

 1950* (48)........................... 214,360 209,290 5,070 2.4

 1940 (60).............................. 144,332 140,562 3,770 2.6

 1930 (62).............................. 129,710 125,167 4,543 3.5

 1920 (59).............................. 115,777 108,779 6,998 6.0

 1910 (82).............................. 67,452 63,776 3,676 5.4

 1900 (80).............................. 46,624 44,919 1,705 3.7

 1890 (88).............................. 34,871 33,744 1,127 3.2

 1880 (83).............................. 21,966 21,131 835 3.8

 1870 (75).............................. 19,229 18,490 739 3.8 

Richmond

 2000* (94)........................... 197,790 190,147 7,643 3.9

 1990* (76)........................... 203,056 199,336 3,720 1.8

 1980* (64)........................... 219,214 215,165 4,049 1.8

 1970* (57)........................... 249,621 246,422 3,199 1.3

 1960* (52)........................... 219,958 216,970 2,988 1.4

 1950* (46)........................... 229,655 225,800 3,855 1.7

 1940 (45).............................. 193,042 189,555 3,487 1.8

 1930 (44).............................. 182,929 178,810 4,119 2.3

 1920 (38).............................. 171,667 166,954 4,713 2.7 
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 1910 (39).............................. 127,628 123,492 4,136 3.2

 1900 (46).............................. 85,050 82,185 2,865 3.4

 1890 (35).............................. 81,388 77,915 3,473 4.3

 1880 (25).............................. 63,600 60,260 3,340 5.3

 1870 (24).............................. 51,038 47,260 3,778 7.4

 1860 (25).............................. 37,910 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (26).............................. 27,570 25,468 2,102 7.6 

Virginia Beach

 2000* (38)........................... 425,257 396,981 28,276 6.6

 1990* (37)........................... 393,069 372,552 20,517 5.2

 1980* (56)........................... 262,199 251,229 10,970 4.2

 1970* (79)........................... 172,106 168,977 3,129 1.8

 1960* (-).............................. 8,091 7,911 180 2.2 

WASHINGTON 

Seattle

 2000* (23)........................... 563,375 468,423 94,952 16.9

 1990* (21)........................... 516,259 448,523 67,736 13.1

 1980* (23)........................... 493,846 438,230 55,616 11.3

 1970* (22)........................... 530,860 482,437 48,423 9.1

 1960* (19)........................... 557,087 497,367 59,720 10.7

 1950* (19)........................... 466,110 406,845 59,265 12.7

 1940 (22).............................. 368,302 304,832 63,470 17.2

 1930 (20).............................. 365,583 287,241 78,342 21.4

 1920 (20).............................. 315,312 234,336 80,976 25.7

 1910 (21).............................. 237,194 169,738 67,456 28.4

 1900 (48).............................. 80,671 58,668 22,003 27.3

 1890 (70).............................. 42,837 29,181 13,656 31.9

 1880 (-).............................. 3,533 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1870 (-).............................. 1,107 828 279 25.2 

Spokane

 2000* (96)........................... 196,143 185,047 11,096 5.7

 1990* (94)........................... 177,196 170,199 6,997 3.9

 1980* (82)........................... 171,300 163,679 7,621 4.4

 1970* (80)........................... 170,516 164,008 6,508 3.8

 1960* (68)........................... 181,608 171,550 10,058 5.5

 1950* (62)........................... 161,160 148,785 12,375 7.7

 1940 (68).............................. 122,001 109,046 12,955 10.6

 1930 (70).............................. 115,514 99,021 16,493 14.3

 1920 (66).............................. 104,437 87,341 17,096 16.4

 1910 (48).............................. 104,402 82,582 21,820 20.9

 1900 (-).............................. 36,848 29,015 7,833 21.3

 1890 (-).............................. 19,922 14,299 5,623 28.2 

WISCONSIN 

Milwaukee

 2000* (19)........................... 596,956 550,834 46,122 7.7

 1990* (17)........................... 628,088 598,421 29,667 4.7

 1980* (16)........................... 636,212 604,494 31,718 5.0

 1970* (12)........................... 717,110 677,534 39,576 5.5

 1960* (11)........................... 741,324 684,310 57,014 7.7

 1950* (13)........................... 636,005 572,815 63,190 9.9

 1940 (13).............................. 587,472 503,531 83,941 14.3

 1930 (12).............................. 578,249 467,638 110,611 19.1

 1920 (13).............................. 457,147 346,987 110,160 24.1

 1910 (12).............................. 373,857 262,328 111,529 29.8

 1900 (14).............................. 285,315 196,324 88,991 31.2

 1890 (16).............................. 204,468 124,892 79,576 38.9

 1880 (19).............................. 115,587 69,514 46,073 39.9

 1870 (19).............................. 71,440 37,667 33,773 47.3 
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Footnotes:

 1860 (20).............................. 45,246 (NA) (NA) (NA)

 1850 (35).............................. 20,061 7,279 12,782 63.7 

* Indicates sample data.
 

(X) Not applicable. The boroughs are part of New York City.
 

(NA) Not available.
 

(-) Not among the 100 largest urban places in this year.
 1

 Population of Oakland township in 1870: total, 11,104; native, 6,940; foreign-born, 4,164; 

percent foreign-born, 37.5.
 2

 1850 census results for San Francisco were destroyed by fire. The population of San 

Francisco according to the 1852 state census was 34,776. Population of San Francisco 

county in 1852: total, 36,154; native, 16,851; foreign-born, 19,303; percent foreign-born, 53.4 

percent.
 

3

 See text for Table 23 regarding consolidated cities from 1970 to 2000.
 4

 Data for Honolulu not shown prior to statehood for Hawaii. See general text.
 5

 Charlestown annexed by Boston in 1874.
 6

 Brooklyn annexed by New York in 1898. For 1900-1990, see Brooklyn borough.
 7

 Data are shown separately for each of the five boroughs of New York City from 1900 to 

1990. The five boroughs were formed in 1898.
 8

 Allegheny annexed by Pittsburgh in 1907.
 

Internet Release Date: February 2, 2006