[Cite as Tochtenhagen v. Tochtenhagen, 2014-Ohio-5380.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

TRUMBULL COUNTY, OHIO 

JOYCE L. TOCHTENHAGEN, : O P I N I O N 

 Plaintiff-Appellant, :

CASE NO. 2013-T-0039

 - vs - :

SAMUEL E. TOCHTENHAGEN, et al., :

 Defendants-Appellees. :

Civil Appeal from the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations 

Division, Case No. 06 DR 280. 

Judgment: Affirmed. 

William R. Biviano, Biviano Law Firm, 700 Huntington Bank Tower, 108 Main Avenue, 

S.W., Warren, OH 44481-1089 (For Plaintiff-Appellant). 

William P. McGuire, 106 East Market Street, Warren, OH 44481 (For DefendantsAppellees). 

THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J. 

{¶1} This appeal is from the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, 

Domestic Relations Division. Appellant Joyce L. Tochtenhagen appeals from the trial 

court’s judgment entry denying her motion for relief from judgment in the settlement of 

certain disputes arising from her divorce from appellee Dr. Samuel E. Tochtenhagen. 

For the following reasons, we affirm. 

{¶2} The Tochtenhagens were married in 1974, and have four grown children. 

Tochtenhagen v. Tochtenhagen, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2009-T-0011, 2010-Ohio-
 2

4557, ¶2 (“Tochtenhagen I”). In 2006, Mrs. Tochtenhagen filed for divorce. Id. 

Included amongst the defendants was T-and-T Land Company, Inc. (“T-and-T”), which 

held title to houses, located in McDonald, Ohio, and Big Pine Key, Florida, respectively. 

Id. at ¶2, 7, 10. 

{¶3} On January 15, 2009, the trial court filed its judgment entry of divorce. 

The trial court found the properties titled to T-and-T to be, in part, marital property, and 

awarded the Ohio house to Dr. Tochtenhagen, and the Florida house to Mrs. 

Tochtenhagen. See, e.g., Tochtenhagen I at ¶38-39. Dr. Tochtenhagen appealed, 

assigning as error the trial court’s determination that the houses titled to T-and-T were 

marital property at all, as well as the trial court’s failure to consider the tax 

consequences of distributing the houses. Id. at ¶14-15. This court determined that any 

issue regarding tax consequences had been waived. Id. at ¶55. It affirmed the trial 

court’s finding that the two houses were, in part, marital property. Id. at ¶37. However, 

this court reversed and remanded for a new determination by the trial court of the 

portion of the Florida house which was Dr. Tochtenhagen’s separate property. Id. at 

¶39-41. 

{¶4} On remand, the trial court made the determination required by this court, 

in a judgment entry filed December 12, 2011. Dr. Tochtenhagen appealed, that being 

Tochtenhagen v. Tochtenhagen, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2012-T-0003 (“Tochtenhagen 

II”). 

{¶5} While Tochtenhagen II was pending before this court, the parties met in 

Florida and evidently agreed to settle their differences and at some point, Mrs. 

Tochtenhagen dismissed her counsel. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, Dr. 

Tochtenhagen’s duty to pay spousal support terminated, in contemplation of his 
 3

retirement from practice. Mrs. Tochtenhagen applied for Social Security benefits. The 

parties stipulated that their children were now the majority stockholders of T-and-T, and 

Dr. Tochtenhagen a minority stockholder. They agreed that the Ohio house and the 

Florida house would remain titled to T-and-T. They further agreed that T-and-T would 

sell the Florida house, and apply the proceeds to the purchase of a condominium for 

Mrs. Tochtenhagen in St. Augustine, Florida, in compliance with I.R.C. Section 1031, 

concerning “like kind exchanges.” The Florida house, for federal tax purposes, was a 

rental property: in following I.R.C. Section 1031, the parties evidently gained tax 

advantages, and by the settlement, Mrs. Tochtenhagen was required to pay any real 

estate taxes and insurance regarding the proposed St. Augustine condominium, as a 

rent to T-and-T. 

{¶6} On November 14, 2012, the trial court adopted the stipulated settlement 

as its judgment. Shortly thereafter, the parties noticed their settlement to this court, 

and we consequently dismissed Tochtenhagen II on November 29, 2012. 

{¶7} On February 21, 2013, Mrs. Tochtenhagen moved the trial court for relief 

from judgment pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(1) (mistake) and (B)(3) (fraud). In the affidavit 

supporting her motion, she stated she went to Boca Raton, Florida, on September 15, 

2012, to be with her daughter Samantha and her son-in-law at the birth of a grandchild. 

She told them she wished to end the legal wrangling with Dr. Tochtenhagen. They told 

her to call Dr. Tochtenhagen, and try to work out their problems. She did so on 

September 24, 2012. 

{¶8} Mrs. Tochtenhagen further averred that Dr. Tochtenhagen insisted that 

she dismiss her counsel. She further stated that he told her she would receive her last 

spousal support check that month; that, due to the tax status of the Florida house, she 
 4

owed T-and-T rentals of $2000 per month since 2006; and, that T-and-T would sell the 

Florida house, and take legal action in the Florida courts to recoup the back rentals. 

Mrs. Tochtenhagen asserted that Dr. Tochtenhagen handwrote a letter dismissing her 

counsel (a copy of which is in the record), and that their daughter Samantha typed it. 

Mrs. Tochtenhagen stated that the parties agreed that the Florida property would be 

sold; that T-and-T would use the proceeds to purchase her a condominium in Florida; 

and, that he would transfer his remaining interest in T-and-T to their children.1

{¶9} The affidavit further averred that Dr. Tochtenhagen had the settlement 

prepared, and that she signed it November 1, 2012, and returned it to his counsel. 

Mrs. Tochtenhagen stated that on November 29, 2012, after the settlement had been 

adopted by the trial court, and Tochtenhagen II dismissed by this court, she had a 

telephone conversation with Dr. Tochtenhagen, during which she indicated her desire 

to consult with her former counsel. She stated that Dr. Tochtenhagen responded by 

threatening to force her to pay back rent on the Florida house, and that he would not 

transfer his interest in T-and-T to their children. She further stated that, when she 

contacted her former counsel (whom she retained again), that he informed her she did 

not owe back rent, that Dr. Tochtenhagen had no interest in the Florida house, and that 

she had not been required to accept a termination of spousal support. 

{¶10} T-and-T and Dr. Tochtenhagen jointly opposed the Civ.R. 60(B) motion. 

In that brief, Dr. Tochtenhagen denied that he required Mrs. Tochtenhagen to terminate 

the services of her divorce counsel. He asserted that he fully explained the 

requirements of an I.R.C. Section 1031 like kind exchange to her. Dr. Tochtenhagen 

also asserted that T-and-T did not begin to explore collecting back rent from Mrs. 

 

1. The stipulated settlement agreement contains no such provision. 
 5

Tochtenhagen until she refused to comply with the settlement agreement, by allowing 

the sale of the present Florida house. 

{¶11} Following a status conference with counsel for the parties, the trial court 

denied Mrs. Tochtenhagen’s motion for relief from judgment. This appeal timely 

ensued. 

{¶12} For her first assignment of error, Mrs. Tochtenhagen states: “The trial 

court abused its discretion in denying Appellant’s motion for relief from judgment.” 

{¶13} In support of this assignment of error, Mrs. Tochtenhagen asserts that she 

was fraudulently led to believe that her spousal support would automatically terminate 

due to Dr. Tochtenhagen’s retirement (the actual divorce decree continued it until 

further order of the trial court); and, that she owed back rent on the Florida property, 

when the trial court had awarded it to her free and clear of any claim by her exhusband. 

{¶14} We review a trial court’s decision to grant or deny a motion for relief from 

judgment for abuse of discretion. Cefaratti v. Cefaratti, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2004-L091, 2005-Ohio-6895, ¶11. The term “abuse of discretion” is one of art, “connoting 

judgment exercised by a court, which does not comport with reason, nor the record.” 

State v. Underwood, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2008-L-113, 2009-Ohio-2089, ¶30. This court 

has previously observed that when an appellate court is reviewing a pure issue of law, 

“‘the mere fact that the reviewing court would decide the issue differently is enough to 

find error * * *. [In] contrast, where the issue on review has been confined to the 

discretion of the trial court, the mere fact that the reviewing court would have reached a 

different result is not enough, without more, to find error.’” Sertz v. Sertz, 11th Dist. 
 6

Lake No. 2011-L-063, 2012-Ohio-2120, ¶31, quoting State v. Beechler, 2d Dist. Clark 

No. 09-CA-54, 2010-Ohio-1900, ¶67. 

{¶15} Civ.R. 60(B) provides, in relevant part: 

{¶16} “On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party 

or his legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding for the following 

reasons: * * * (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), 

misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party; * * * The motion shall be 

made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2) and (3) not more than one year 

after the judgment, order or proceeding was entered or taken.” 

{¶17} “It is well-settled that in order to prevail on a motion for relief from 

judgment pursuant to Civ. R. 60(B), the movant must demonstrate the following: (1) a 

meritorious claim or defense if relief is granted; (2) entitlement to the relief under one of 

the grounds stated in Civ. R. 60(B)(1) through (5); and (3) timeliness of the motion. 

GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Industries, Inc. (1976), 47 Ohio St. 2d 146, * * *,

paragraph two of the syllabus.” (Parallel citation omitted.) Cefaratti, supra, at ¶10. 

{¶18} “With regard to the first element of the GTE test, a moving party need only 

allege a meritorious defense; it need not prove that it will prevail on that defense. Rose 

Chevrolet, Inc. v. Adams, 36 Ohio St.3d 17, 20, * * * (1988); GMAC Mtge., LLC. v. 

Herring, 189 Ohio App.3d 200, 2010-Ohio-3650, * * * ¶32 (2d Dist). Although proof of 

success is not required, the moving party must support its alleged defense with 

operative facts that have enough specificity to allow the trial court to judge the merit of 

the defense. Miller v. Susa Partnership, LP., 10th Dist. No. 07AP-702, 2008-Ohio1111, ¶16. A proffered defense is meritorious if it is not a sham and when, if true, it 

states a defense in part, or in whole, to the claims for relief set forth in the complaint. 
 7

Miller at ¶ 15.” (Parallel citations omitted.) Home S. & L. of Youngstown v. Snowville 

Subdiv. Joint Venture Phase I, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97985, 2012-Ohio-4594, ¶18. 

{¶19} “Fraud in the inducement arises when a party is induced to enter into a 

contract or agreement through fraud or misrepresentation, and the fraud relates not to 

the nature or purport of the agreement, but to the facts inducing its execution. Haller v. 

Borror Corp. (1990), 50 Ohio St. 3d 10, 14, * * *.” (Parallel citation omitted.) Cefaratti, 

supra, at ¶28. 

{¶20} “‘The elements of fraud in the inducement are “(1) a representation of fact, 

(2) which is material to the transaction at hand, (3) made falsely, with knowledge of its 

falsity, or with utter disregard and recklessness, as to whether it is true or false, (4) with 

the intent of misleading another into relying upon it, (5) justifiable reliance upon the 

representation, (6) and a resulting injury proximately caused by the reliance.”’ Mtge. 

Electronic Registration Sys., Inc. v. Mosley, Cuyahoga App. No. 93170, 2010-Ohio2886, ¶34, quoting Natl. City Bank v. Slink & Taylor, LLC, Portage App. No. 2002-P0045, 2003 Ohio 6693, ¶23.” H & M Landscaping Co., Inc. v. Abraxus Salt, L.L.C., 8th 

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94268, 2010-Ohio-4138, ¶22. 

{¶21} The trial court properly denied Mrs. Tochtenhagen’s motion because she 

cannot show justifiable reliance upon a false representation. First, Mrs. Tochtenhagen 

alleges that Dr. Tochtenhagen “essentially told me * * * that he was retiring and that the 

last alimony check would be paid to me in October 2012.” This statement, if made, is 

false as the original divorce decree stated that Dr. Tochtenhagen’s support obligation 

would “terminate upon the death of either party or upon Wife’s remarriage or 

cohabitation” and that “the Court retains jurisdiction over the issue of spousal support 

pending a significant change in the financial circumstances of either party.” 
 8

{¶22} Given the plain meaning of the divorce decree, any reliance by Mrs. 

Tochtenhagen on this statement is unreasonable. This conclusion is corroborated by 

the parties’ joint motion for termination of spousal support, asking the court to terminate 

the support obligation in consideration of Dr. Tochtenhagen’s retirement and Mrs. 

Tochtenhagen’s application for social security. This motion is signed by Mrs. 

Tochtenhagen and was filed in November 2012. Mrs. Tochtenhagen’s purported belief 

that Dr. Tochtenhagen’s support obligation terminated in October 2012 is irreconcilable 

with her request to terminate support in November 2012. 

{¶23} The second purported misrepresentation was that Mrs. Tochtenhagen 

“was required to pay rent in the amount of $2,000/month since 2006” and that Dr. 

Tochtenhagen “would have a Florida Court enforce the rental payments.” If made, this 

statement is inconsistent with the provision of the divorce decree, that “Wife shall retain 

the Florida real estate free and clear of any claim to same by Husband and owes him 

$202,838 as his one-half equity interest therein.” Mrs. Tochtenhagen’s purported belief 

that she owed rent on property that belonged to her “free and clear” of any claim by Dr. 

Tochtenhagen, is not reasonable. Jack Turturici Family Trust v. Carey, 2nd Dist. Miami 

No. 2012 CA 8, 2012-Ohio-6191, ¶ 34 (“[r]eliance is justifiable if * * * there is no 

apparent reason to doubt the veracity of the representation under the circumstances”) 

(Citation omitted). 

{¶24} Moreover, the stipulated judgment entry does not contain any waiver or 

release of rent liability. The stipulated entry authorizes T-AND-T Land Company, the 

title owner of the Florida property, to sell the property and purchase another property 

for Mrs. Tochtenhagen’s residence. There is no logical connection between Dr. 
 9

Tochtenhagen’s threatened rent action and the purchase of a condominium for Mrs. 

Tochtenhagen in St. Augustine near her children. 

{¶25} In sum, Mrs. Tochtenhagen has failed to demonstrate justifiable reliance. 

Accordingly, the first assignment of error is without merit. 

{¶26} In her second assignment of error, Mrs. Tochtenhagen asserts: 

{¶27} “The trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion for relief from 

judgment without conducting an evidentiary hearing when the evidentiary material 

attached to Joyce Tochtenhagen’s motion contained allegations of operative facts that 

warranted relief from judgment.” 

{¶28} “The standard for when an evidentiary hearing on a Civ.R. 60(B) motion is 

necessary is set forth in Cogswell v. Cardio Clinic of Stark County, Inc., 5th Dist. No. 

CA-8553, 1991 Ohio App. LEXIS 5481, * * * (October 21, 1991). In Cogswell, this 

Court held under Civ.R. 60(B), a hearing is not required unless there exist issues 

supported by evidentiary quality affidavits. A trial court must hold an evidentiary 

hearing when the motion and supporting evidence contain sufficient allegations of 

operative facts that would support a meritorious defense to the judgment. Cogswell; 

BancOhio National Bank v. Schiesswohl, 51 Ohio App.3d 130, * * * (9th Dist.1988). 

{¶29} “‘[A] movant has no automatic right to a hearing on a motion for relief from 

judgment.’ Hrabak v. Collins, 108 Ohio App.3d 117, 121, * * * (8th Dist.1995). 

Generally, ‘(i)t is an abuse of discretion for a trial court to overrule a Civ.R. 60(B) 

motion for relief from judgment without first holding an evidentiary hearing only if the 

motion or supportive affidavits contain allegations of operative facts which would 

warrant relief under Civ.R. 60(B).’ In re Estate of Kirkland, 2nd Dist. No. 2008-CA-57, 

2009 Ohio 3765, ¶17, citing Boster v. C & M Servs., 93 Ohio App. 3d 523, 526, * * * 
[Cite as Tochtenhagen v. Tochtenhagen, 2014-Ohio-5380.]

(10th Dist.1994) (emphasis in original).” (Parallel citations omitted.) Kohman v. 

Kohman, 5th Dist. Licking No. 11CA63, 2012-Ohio-1515, ¶25-26. 

{¶30} As we have already determined under the first assignment of error that 

Mrs. Tochtenhagen did not allege sufficient operative facts demonstrating fraud due to 

the lack of justifiable reliance on Dr. Tochtenhagen’s statements. 

{¶31} The second assignment of error is without merit. 

{¶32} The judgment of the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic 

Relations Division, is affirmed. 

DIANE V. GRENDELL, J., concurs, 

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J., dissents with Dissenting Opinion. 

____________________ 

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J., dissents with Dissenting Opinion. 

{¶33} I respectfully dissent. As the majority acknowledges, a movant under 

Civ.R. 60(B) is only required to allege operative facts supporting a meritorious defense, 

not to prove he or she will prevail on that defense. I agree with the majority that, given 

the record in this case, Mrs. Tochtenhagen is unlikely ultimately to prevail on her claim 

of fraud in the inducement. However, construing the facts alleged in her affidavit as 

true for purposes of the Civ.R. 60(B) motion, they seem to me sufficient to state a claim 

for fraud in the inducement. The record clearly shows Dr. Tochtenhagen is the more 

financially sophisticated party. Consequently, I would hold it was error for the trial court 

to deny the motion without an evidentiary hearing.