### STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF AIR RESOURCES 

### AIR POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATION NO. 27 CONTROL OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS

E ffective 1F ebrua1y 1994 LastAmended 19Jul y 2007

AUTHORITY: These regulations are aut horized pursuant to R.I. Gen. Laws § 42

- 17.l-2(s) and 23-23 , as amended, and have been promulgated pursuant to the procedures set forth in the R.l. Administrative Procedures Act, R.I. Gen. Laws Chapter42-35.

### RHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF AIR RESOURCES AIR POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATION NO. 27 CONTROL OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSION TABLE OF CONTENTS

27.1 Defutitions
............................................ .. ............. ............................................................................................ I
27.2 Applicability and Exemptions
...... ....... .. .. . .. ... .... .. ..... ............ . .... .. .............. ........ ............................................... 3
27
.3 Reasonably Available Control TeclUlology (RACT) Plan Requirements
........................................................... 3
27.4 Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) Requirements
........................................... ................ .. ......6
27.5 Compliance Testing and Emission Monitoring Requirements
.. ........ .................. ...... ....................................... 10
27.6 Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements
................................................................................. ............. .... 12
27.7 General Provisions
.. ...... ... ....... ....... ..... ............ ............. .......... ..... ......... . ................. ......................... ............... 16
APPENDIX A
................................................. .... . ....... . ................................................. . ............... ... ... ......................... 18

### RHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OFAIR RESOURCES AIR POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATION NO. 27

CONTROL OF NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS 27.1 Definitions Unless otherwise expressly defined in this section, the terms used in this regulation shall be defined byreference to the Rhode Island Air Pollution Control General Definitions Regulation. As used in this regulation, the following terms shall, where the context permits, be construed as follows: 27.1.1

27.l. 2

27.l. 3
27.1.4 "Actual emissions" means the actual rate ofemissions ofa pollutant from a piece ofequipment or a pollutant-emitting activity as determined in accordance with Subsections (a) through (c) below: (a) 

### In general, actual emissions as ofa particular date shall equal the average rate, in tons per year, at which the unit actually emitted the pollutant during a two yearperiod which precedes the particular date and which is representative ofnormal stationary source operation. Actual emissions shall be calculated using the equipment's or activity's actual operating hours, production rates and types of materials processed, stored or combusted during the selected time period; (b) The Directormay presume that stationary source specific allowable emissions for the equipment or activity are equivalent to the actual emissions ofthe equipment or activity; (c) For any equipment or activity which has notbegun nonnaJ operations on the particular date, actual emissions shall equal the potential to emit ofthe equipment or activity on that date. "Combined cycle gas turbine" means any stationary gas turbine which recovers heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to heat water or generate stean1. "Combustion turbine" means any simple cycle gas turbine or any combined cycle gas turbine including the duct burner portion thereof. "Emergency standby internal combustion engine" means an internal combustion engine operated only as a mechanical or electrical power source for a stationary source when the primarypower source has been rendered inoperable. This does not include power interruptions pursuant to an Page I of2127.1.5



### 27.1.6

27.1.7

27.1.8


### 27.1.9

27.1.10



### 27
. 1.11
27.1.12



### 27.1.13 interruptible power service agreement. 

### "Equivalentcontrol" means a control system that maybe substituted for the required control system(s). The stationary source a pplying to use an equivalent control must demonstrate to the satisfaction ofthe Division and EPA that the emission reductions achieved are equal to or greater than the emission reductions required bythe regulation. Appropriatetest methods or other replicable criteria in accordance with Department and EPA guidance must be used to demonstrate equivalence. 

### "Industrial-Commercial-InstitutionalBoiler" means a device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any otherheat transfer medium. This tenn does not include utilityboilers used by electric utilities to generate electricity. 

### "Internal combustion engine" means anyengine in which power, produced byheat and/or pressure developed in the engine cylinder(s) by burning a mixture ofair and fuel, is subsequently converted to mechanical work by means of 1 ormore piston s. 

### "Lean-burn engine" means an internal combustion engine wher e the amount ofoxygen in the exhaust gases is 

### I% ormore, by weight. 

### "Liquified petroleum (LP) gas" means liquified petroleum gas as defined bythe American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D 1835-82, "Standard Specification for Liquified Petroleum Gases". 

### "Low 

### NOx burner" means a commercially available modified combustion burner designed to minimize 

### NOx fonnation through low excess air firing, controlled mixing ofprimary combustion air and fuel (staged air or staged fuel), reducing peak furnace temperature or otherburner designsjudged to be low 

### NOx burners by the Division and EPA based on a review ofevidence submitted by the subject stationary source. 

### "Rich-burn engine" means an internal combustion engine where the amount ofoxygen in the engine exhaust gases is less than 

### 1 % by weight. 

### "Simple cycle gas turbine" means any stationary gas turbine which does not recoverheat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet combustion air to the gas turbine, or which does not recoverheat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to heat water or generate steam. 

### "Utilityboiler" means a device, with a heat input capacity of250 million Btu perhour or greater, that combusts any fuel and produces steam for the primarypurpose ofgenerating electricity. This term does not include combustion turbines. Page 2 of 2 1

### 27.2 Applicability and Exemptions 27.2.1 This reg ulation applies to all stationary sources which have or everhave had, since 1January1990, the potential to emit 50 tons ofnitrogen oxides (NOx) per year from all pollutant

-emitting equipment or activities. 27.2.2 A stationary source with potential yearly emissions of50 tons ormore of NOx, but with actual emissions not exceeding 50 tons per year ofNOx any time after 

### 1 January 1990, may apply to the Director for an exemption from Sections 27.4 and 27.5 ofthis regulation. Application for an exemption must be submitted to the Director by 

### 1 July 1994, and must include documentation ofprevious yearly NOx emissions, in tons per year, since 1 January 1990
. Exemption from Section 27
.4 ofthis regulation will be in the 

### fom1 ofan enforceable document issued by the Director which limits actual emissions

27.2.3 to less than 50 tons per year ofNOx and shall include, but not necessarilybe limited, to the following conditions: (a) Actual alUlual emissions shall not exceed 50 tons ofNOx per year, and (b) The stationary source shall meet the emission cap over every consecutive 12 month period. Recordkeeping to demonstrate compliance shall be conducted as provided in Section 27.6.9 and shall be kept on a monthly basis. The cap must be consistent with the anticipated level ofemissions in the approved State Implementation Plan (SIP). Any stationary source that has been issued an emissions cap and fails to meet the requirements ofthe enforceable document must immediatelybe in compliance with RACT. Any emergency standby internal combustion engines which is operated less than 500 hours during any consecutive twelve (12) month period is exempt from Section 27.4 ofthis regulation. Recordkeeping shall be conducted as provided in Subsection 27.6.10. Any emergency standby internal combustion engine operated under the provisions ofthis subsection must immediatelybe in compliance with RACT ifthe hours ofoperation in any twelve (12) month period exceeds 500. 

### 27.3 Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) Plan Requirements 27.3.1 Any stationary source subject to the provisions ofSection 27.4 ofthis regulation shall, by 3 October 1994 or six months after becoming a potential 50 tons per year NOx stationary source, whichever is later, submit to the Page 3 of2127.3.2

27.3.3 Director a RACT proposal for approval which includes all infonnation specified in Subsections 27.3.2 or 27.3.3. All RACT proposals submitted to comply with Subsection 27.4.1, 27.4.2 or 27.4.3 shall include the following information: (a) an inventory ofall NOx

- emitting equipment with a heat input capacity greater than or equal to one million Btu per hour at the stationary source (b) the maximum capacity, in millions of Btu per hour, ofeach piece of NOx

- emitting equipment (c) the type offuel or fuels combusted in each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment (d) the maximum NOx emission rate for each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment in lbs per million Btu for each fuel burned (e) the actual amount ofNOx emitted for each calendaryear since 1 January 1990, from each piece ofNOx - emitting equipment (f) a summary ofthe applicable emission limits and requirements ofthis regulation and how the stationary source will comply (g) a schedule for the implementation ofRACT, including dates for each ofthe following where applicable: completion of engineering, awarding ofcontracts, initiation ofconstruction, completion of construction and final compliance with RACT (h) any additional information requested by the Director All RACT proposals submitted to comply with Subsection 27.4.4 or 27.4.9 sha11 include the following information: (a) an inventory ofall NOx- emitting equipment with a heat input capacity greater than or equal to one million Btu per hour at the sta tionary source (b) the maximum capacity, in million ofBtu perhour, ofeach piece of NOx

- emitting equipment (c) the type offuel or fuels combusted in each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment (d) the maximum NOx emission rate for each piece of NOx

- emitting P age 4 of 2 1

### 27.3.4

27.3.5 equipment, in lbs permillion Btu, for each fuel burned (e) the actual amount ofNOx emitted for each calendar year since 1 

### January 1990, from each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment 

### (f) an examination ofthe technical and economic feasibility ofavailable NOx control techniques for each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment with the potential to emit 10 tons ormore ofNOx per year. (g) the control option or combination ofcontrol options selected as RACT, including emission limits and the test methods to beused to demonstrate compliance (h) the amount ofreduction in NOx emissions that will be associated with implementing the selected control option(s) (i) a schedule for the implementation ofRACT, including dates for each ofthe following where applicable: completion ofengineering, awarding ofcontracts, initiation ofconstruction, completion of construction and final compliance with RACT 

## G) the testing, monitoring, record keeping and reporting procedures to beused to demonstrate continuous compliance (k) any additional information requested by the Director that is deemed necessary to determine RACT After reviewing a RACT proposal submitted to comply with Subsection 27.4.1, 27.4.2 or 27.4.3 the Division will issue a final approval or disapproval ofthe proposal. Afterreviewing a RACT proposal submitted to comply with Subsection 27.4.4, the Division, in consultation with the EPA, shall prepare a proposed enforceable document specifying RACT for the stationary source. The enforceable document shall be subject to a thirty daypublic comment period. A public hearing for interested persons to appear and to submit written or oral comments on the enforceable document shall beheld upon request. The Directormay also hold a hearing at his orher discretion, wheneverhe or she believes there is a significant degree ofpublic interest in the proposed action. 

### If

held, a hearing shall take place no earlier than thirty (30) days nor later than sixty (60) days following initial public notice. Comments from the stationary source and/or any interested persons shall berecorded at the public hearing. Written comments, to be considered part ofthe record, must be submitted during the public commentperiod. The public comment period shalJ commence on the date ofinitial public notice. The public comment period shall close thirty (30) days later, ifno public hearing is held. 

### Ifa Pagc 5of21

### public hearing is held, the public comment period shall close at the close of thepublic hearing or on a later date set by the Division. The final enforceable document shall be submitted to the EPA for approval as a source specific revision to the State Implementation Plan. 

### 27.4 Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) Requirements 27.4.1 Utility Boilers

27.4.2 On and after 31 May 1995, no person shall cause or allow the emission of NOx from any utility boiler in excess ofthe following emission limitations: (a) 0.20 lbs per million Btu ofactual heat input when operated on natura1 gas or liquified petroleum gas (LP) 

### (b) 0.25 lbs per million Btu ofactual heat input when operated on fuel oil Industrial

- Commercial

- Institutional Boilers (a) On and after 31 May 1995, no person shall cause or allow the emission ofNOx from any Industrial

- Commercial

- Institutional boiler, fired with natural gas or distillate oil, with a heat input capacity of50 million Btuper hour or greater, in excess ofthe following emission limitations: 1. 0.10 lbs per million Btu ofactual heat input when operated on natural gas 2. 0.12 lbs permillion Btu ofactual heat input when operated on distillate oil or liquified petroleum gas (LP) 

### (b) On and after 31 May 1995, no person shall cause or allow the emission ofNOx from any Industrial

- Commercial

- Institutional boiler, fired with residual oil, with a heat input capacity of50 million Btuper hour or greater, unless the boiler is equipped with low

- NOx burners and flue gas recirc ulation (with a minimum of 10% flue gas recirculation) or equivalent control. (c) On and after 31May1995, no person shall cause or pennit the emission ofNOx from any Industrial

- Commercial

- Institutional boiler, with a heat input capacity of 1 million Btuper hour or greater, but less than 50 million Btu perhour, unless theboiler is tuned at least once per year in accordance with the procedure described in Appendix 

### A.
Page 6 of2127.4.3

27.4.4 Internal Combustion Engines On and after 31 May 1995, no person shall cause or permit the emission of NOx from any internal combustion engine, capable ofproducing 400 horsepower (HP) or more, in excess ofthe following emission limitations: (a) Rich-bum Engines 1. 1.5 grams perbrake horsepower-hourwhen operated on natural gas (b) Lean-bum Engines 1
. 2.5 grams perbrake horsepower-hour when operated on natural gas 2. 9.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour when operated on fuel oil Miscellaneous Stationary Sources (a) Any stationary source, equipment or pollutant emitting activity, with the potential to emit 10 tons ormore ofNOx per year, that is not covered by Subsection 27.4.1, 27.4.2 or 27.4.3 shall install and operate in compliance with RACT, as specified in an enforceable documen t issued by the Director , by 31 May 1995. (b) Any stationary source thatbecomes a potential 50 ton per yearNOx stationary source after 30 November 1993 shall install and operate in compliance with RACT, within 18 months ofthe date that the stationary source first becomes a potential 50 ton per yearNOx stationary source. RACT shall be specified in an enforceable document issued bythe Director. 27.4.5 The RACT requir eme nts in Subsections 27.4.1

- 27.4.4 do not apply to equipment and pollutant

- emitting activities that have been determined to be BACT or LAER in anypermit issued bythe Division pursuant to Air Pollution Control Regulation No. 9 since 15 November 1992. 27.4.6 The RACT requirements in Subsection 27.4.3 or 27.4.4 do not apply to equipment and pollutant emitting activities listed below, that have been issued a permit for the construction/installation ofnew equipment by the Division, pursuant to Air Pollution Control Regulation No.9, since the indicated date. (a) Combustion turbine facilities - 6 January 1989 Page 7 of2127.4.7 (b) Internal combustion engines

- 28 September 1989 (c) Fluidized bed boilers

- 

### 11 March 1991 The RACT requirements in Subsection 27.4.1 do not apply to any utility boiler that commits, by 3 October 1994, in an enforceable document, to eitherpermanently shut down and dismantle that existing utilityboiler by 31 May 1995 orreplace that existing utility boilerby 31 December 1996 as part ofa repowering project. The repowered emissions unit(s) must meet a NOx emission limitation that has been determined to be BACT orLAER in a permit issued by the Division pursuant to Air Pollution Control Regulation No. 9. 

### In addition to the commitment, the source must comply with the alternative RACT requirements of27.4.8. The final enforceable document and the alternative RACT determination shall be submitted to the EPA for approval as a source specific revision to the State Implementation Plan (SIP). 27.4.8 Alternative RACT (a) The RACT requirements in Subsection 27.4.1 -27.4.3 maybe relaxed on a case-by-case basis, if by 3 October 1994 or six months after becoming a potential 50ton per yearNOx stationary source, the owner or operator makes application to the Division for an alternative RACT determination. An application for an alternative RACT determination must include the following: 1. an inventory ofall NOx

- emitting equipment with a heat input capacity greater than or equal to one million Btu per hour at the stationary source 2. the maximum capacity, in million ofBtuper hour, ofeach piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment 3. the type offuel or fuels combusted 

### in each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment 4. the maximum NOx emission rate for each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment, in lbs per million Btu, for each fuel burned 5. the actual amount ofNOx emitted for each calendar year since 1 January 1990, from each piece ofNOx

- emitting equipment 6. economic and/or technical documentation that demonstrates to the satisfaction ofthe Division and EPA that the applicable Pagc8of2127.4.9 emission limitations cannot feasibly be met. 7. an examination ofthe technical and economic feasibility of alternative NOx control techniques for each piece ofNOx emitting equipment 8. The control option or combination ofcontrol options proposed as alternative RACT, including emission limits and test methods to demonstrate compliance
. 9. The amount ofreduction in NOx emissions that will be associated with implementing the selected control option(s). 

### 10. A schedule for the implementation ofalternative RACT, including dates for each ofthe following where applicable: completion ofengineering, awarding ofcontracts, initiation ofconstruction, completion ofconstruction and final compliance with alternative RACT by 31 May 1995. 

### 11. The testing, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting procedures to beused to demonstrate continuous compliance. 12. Any additional information requested by the Director that is deemed necessaryto detennine alternative RACT. (b) Any alternative RACT determination will notbecome final until approved by EPA as a source specific State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision; (c) The stationary source shall conduct a RACT review every three years after the final compliance date until the RACT requirements in Subsections 27.4.1, 27.4.2 or 27.4.3 are achieved. This RACT review must include the same information required in an application for an alternative RACT dete1mination. This RACT review will not become final until approved by EPA as a source specific State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision. Fuel Switching Any facility subject to the RACT requirements in Subsections 27.4.1

- 27.4.4 maypropose to comply with those requirements by fue] switching. Fuel switching refers to instances where a piece ofNOx emitting equipment historicallyburned one primary fuel, such as residual oil, and under a fuel switching program, the equipment would bum a cleaner fuel, such as natural gas, during the ozone season (May 

### 1 - September 30) and may switch back to the historic fuel for some or all ofthe non-ozone season. Page 9 of2 1(a) The owner or operator ofa stationary source proposing a fuel switching program must file an application with the Division for approval ofa fuel switching program no laterthan 3 October 

### 1994 or six months after becoming a potential 50 ton peryearNOx facility, whichever is later. 

### (b) An application for approval ofa fuel switching program must demonstrate that the NOx reductions achieved will be the equivalent ofthat which would be achieved ifthe stationary source were operating in compliance with its applicable emission limitations throughout the year. (c) An application for approval ofa fuel switching program must demonstrate that the program uses 

### a long term emissions averaging approach consistent with the Environmental Protection Agency's guidance. This guidance is contained in a 30July 1993 memo from Michael Shapiro entitled "Fuel Switching to Meet the Reasonably Available Control Technology Requirements for Nitrogen Oxides". (d) Any fuel switching program will not become final until approved by EPA as a source specific State hnplementation Plan (SIP) revision. 27.5 ComplianceTesting and Emission Monitoring Requirements 27.5.1

27.5
.2

27 .5.3
27.5.4
27.5.5

27.5.6 Compliance with Subsections 27.4.1 and 27.4.9 shall be demonstrated by installation calibration, maintenance and operation ofa continuous emission monitoring system for NOx and Qi or C02
. Compliance with Subsections 27.4.2(a)

- 

### (b), 27.4.3 , 27.4.4, and 27.4.8 shall be demonstrated eitherby emission testing orby installation calibration, maintenance and operation ofa continuous emission monitoring system for NOx and 

### Oi or C02
. Compliance with Subsection 27.4.2 (c) shall be demonstrated byrecord keeping as specified in Subsection 27.6.8. Compliance with the emission limitations 

### in Subsections 27.4.1 shall be based on 24 hour average concentrations. Compliance with the emission limitations in Subsections 27.4.2 and 27.4.3 shall bebased on one hour average concentrations. Emission testing shall consist of3 ._one hour test runs. Compliance with the emission limitation must be demonstrated for each test run. Continuous emission monitoring systems shall comply with the following Page 10 of 2 1requirements: (a) Performance specification, monitor location, calibration and operating procedures, quality assurance procedures for each monitor and a sample calculation showing how the concentrations from the NOx CEMs will be converted in to the applicable units and averaging time ofthe emission limit must be submitted to the Division for review and approval at least 180 days prior to expected installation. (b) All emission data shall be continuouslymonitored and recorded. (c) The continuous emission monitors must satisfy the requirements of 40 CFR 60 Appendix B , Performance Specification 2. ( d) The continuous emission monitors must satisfy the quality assurance requirements of40 CFR 

### 60, Appendix F. (e) The continuous emission monitoring system will beused to determine compliance with the applicable allowable NOx emission rates. 

### (f) The stationary source shall have the capability oftransmitting all of the collected continuous emission monitoring data to the Division's office via a telemetry system. (g) Each continuous emission monitoring system shall be operated at all times except for periods ofCEMs calibration checks, zero and span adjustment and preventative maintenance
. Notwithstanding such exceptions, in 

### all cases valid CEMs data shall be obtained for at least 75% ofthe hour s per day, 75% ofthe days ofthe month and 90% of the hours per quarter that the stationary source is operating. 27.5.7 Emissions testing shall comply with the follovving requirements: (a) Emissions testing shall be conducted by 30November 1995, initially and annually thereafter to demonstrate compliance with the applicableNOx emission limitation (b) An emissions testing protocol shall be submitted to the Division for review and approval prior to the performance ofany tests. The Division shall be notified at least 

### 60 days prior to any emissions test. (c) All test procedures used for emissions testing shall be in accordance with the methods set forth in Appendix A of40 CFR 60 or another method approved bythe Division and the EPA.
Page 11 of2 1

### (d) The owner or operator ofthe stationary source shall install anyand all test ports orplatfonns necessaryto conduct the required emissions testing, provide safe access to anyplatforms and provide the necessaryutilities for sampling and testing equipment. (e) 

### All testing shall be conducted under operating conditions deemed acceptable and representative for the purpose ofassessing compliance with the applicable emission limitation. 

### (f) All emissions testing must be observed by the Division or its authorized representative to be considered acceptable. (g) A final report ofthe results ofemissions testing shall be submitted to the Division no later than 60 days following completion ofthe testing. 

### 27.6 Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements 27.6.l

27.6.2

27.6.3 A record of

### all measurements, perfonnance evaluations, calibration checks, and maintenance or adjustments for each continuous emission monitor shall be maintained. A written report ofexcess emissions as measured by a continuous emission monitor shall be submitted to the Division for every calendar quaiter. All quarterlyreports shall bereceived no laterthan 30 days following the end of each calendar quarter and shall include the following information: (a) The date and time ofcommencement and completion ofeach period ofexcess emissions and the magnitude ofthe excess emissions (b) 

### Identification ofthe suspected reason for the excess emissions and any corrective action taken. (c) The date and time period any continuous emission monitor was inoperative, except for zero and span checks and the nature ofsystem repairs or adjustments. ( d) The date and time periods ofany missing data or periods where compliance could not be determined and the steps taken to cure the cause ofthe missing data. In the event none ofthe above items have occurred such info1mation shall be stated in the report. The fuel used in each combustion unit subject to RACT must be measured and recorded monthly. Page 12 of2127.6.4

27.6.5 As an alternative to measuring and recording fuel used 

### in each combustion unit, a stationary source maypetition the Division to use one ofthe following methods to demonstrate compliance with RACT: (a) The fuel used in multiple combustion units which have equivalent NOx emission rates maybe measured and recorded monthlyusing a single metering device. Ifmore than one type offuel is used in the multiple combustion units the amount ofeach type fuel must be measured and recorded monthly; (b) The fuel used inmultiple combustion units which have different NOx emission rates maybe measured and recorded monthlyusing a single metering device. 

### If more than one type offuel is used 

### in the multiple combustion units the amount ofeach type fuel mustbe measured and reoorded monthly. The total NOx emissions for these units will be detennined using the emission rate ofthe highest NOx emitting combustion unit. Stationary sources subject to Subsection 27.4.2 (a)(2) shall obtain a certification from the fuel supplier for each shipment of distillate oil that includes the following infonnation: (a) The name ofthe oil supplier, and; (b) That the oil complies with the specification for fuel oil numbers 1 or 2, as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D396-78 "Standard Specification for Fuel Oils" All stationary sources combusting residual fuel oil shall obtain a certification from the fuel supplier for each shipment ofresidual oil that includes the following infonnation: (a) The name ofthe oil supplier; (b) The nitrogen content ofthe oil from which the shipment came or of the shipment itself; (c) The method used to detennine the nitrogen content ofthe oil. ASTM test methods D3228, D4629 or any other method approved by the Division and the EPA maybe used; and, (d) The location ofthe oil when the sample was drawn for analysis to detennine the nitrogen content ofthe oil, specifically including whether the oil was sampled as delivered to the stationary source or whether the sample was drawn from oil in storage at the oil supplier's Pa

ge 13 of 2 1

### 27
.6.6

27.6.7

27.6.8

27.6.9 or oil refiner's facility or another location. As an alternative to the fuel supplier certification required 

### in Subsection 

### 27.6.5, a stationary source may elect to sample the fuel oil prior to combustion. Sampling and analysis shall be conducted after each new shipment 

### ofresidual oil is received. Samples shall be collected from the fuel tank immediately after the fuel tank is filled and before any oil is combusted. The residual oil must be sampled and analyzed according to ASTM methods which have the prior approval ofor are required by the Director. Copies of

### all fuel supplier certifications or fuel oil analyses shall be maintained at the facility and be made accessible for review by the Director or the designated personnel ofthe Director and 

### EPA. These records shall include a certified statement, signedby the owner or operator ofthe stationary source, that the records represent all ofthe fuel combusted during the quarter. All stationary sources subject to Subsection 

### 27.4.2 (c) shall maintain records verifying that a tune-up bas been performed in accordance with the procedure described in Appendix A that includes the following information: (a) The date the tune
-up was pe rformed; (b) The name ofthe person who performed the tune-up; and, (c) The final excess oxygen setting. ( d) The 02/CO curve or Oi/smoke curve that has been developed as part ofthis procedure. Stationary sources subjectto an emissions cap pursuant to the provisions of Subsection 

### 27.2.2 shall: (a) Measure and record monthly the fuel used in each combustion unit with a heat input capacity greater than or equal to one million 

### Btu per hour; (b) On a monthlybasis, no laterthan fifteen (15) days after the first of each month, determine the fuel usage and quantity ofNOx emitted for the previous twelve (12) month period for each combustion unit or for the stationary source; (c) Notify the Division, in writing within 

### 30 days ofthe end ofthe month, whenever NOx emissions exceed the emissions cap; or, (d) As an alternative to measuring and recording fuel used in each Page 14 of2127.6.10

27.6.11 combustion unit as required in 27.6.9 (a), a stationary source may petition the Division to use one ofthe following methods to demonstrate compliance with an emissions cap: ( 1) The fuel used in multiple combustion units which have equivalent NOx emission rates may be measured and recorded monthly using a single metering device. If more than one type offuel is used in the multiple combustion units the amount ofeach type fuel must be measured and recorded monthly; (2) The fuel used 

### inmultiple combustion units which have different NOx emission rates maybe measured and recorded monthlyusing a single metering device. If more than one type offuel is used in the multiple combustion units the amount ofeach type fuel mustbemeasured and recorded monthly. The total NOx emissions for these units wilJ be determined using the emission rate ofthe highestNOx emitting unit. All stationary sources with emergency standby internal combustion engines satisfying the provisions ofSubsection 27.2.3 shall: (a) Notify the Division, in writing, by 31 May 1995 of: (1) the maximum capacity, in millions ofBtu perhour, ofeach emergency standby internal combustion engine at the stationary source; and, (2) the type offuel or fuels combusted in each engine; (b) Instal1 and maintain a non-resetable elapsed time meter to indicate, in cumulative hours, the elapsed engine operating time; (c) On a monthlybasis, no later than five (5) days after the first ofeach month, dete m 1ine and record the hours ofoperation for each engine for the previous twelve (12) month period; (d) Notify the Division, in writing, whenever the hours ofoperation in any twelve 

### (12) month period exceeds 500hours; and (e) Maintain records to certify that the ignition timing ofthe engine has been inspected and adjusted at least once every three (3) years. All records required 

### in this Subsection shall bemaintained at the stationary source for a minimum offive (5) years and shall be made available to Pag e 15 of 2 1representatives of the Department or EPA upon request. 

### 27.7 General Provisions 27.7.1 Purpose

27
.7.2

27.7.3

27.7
.4

27.7.5 The purpose ofthis regulation is to limit emissions ofnitrogen oxides from stationary sources Authority Theseregulations are authorized pursuant to R.I. Gen. Laws§ 42-17.1-2(s) and 23-23, as amended, and have been promulgated pursuant to the procedures set forth in the R.I. Administrative Procedures Act, R.I. Gen. Laws Chapter 42-35 Application The terms and provisions ofthisregalation shall be liberally construed to permit the 

### Departmem to effectuate 

### the fH:lff)OSes 

### ofstate 

### lEl".v, goals 

### and policies. Severability 

### Ifanyprovision ofthis regulation orthe application thereofto anyperson or circumstance, is held invalid by a court ofcompetent jurisdiction, the validity ofthe remainder ofthe regulation shall not be affected thereby.
Effective Date
The foregoing regulation, "Control ofNitrogen Oxide Emissions", as amended, after due notice, is hereby adopted and filed with the Secretary of State this 29th day of June , 2007 to become effective twenty (20) days thereafter, in accordance with the provisions ofChapters 23-23, 42-35, 42-17.1, 42-17.6, ofthe General Laws ofRhode Island of 1956, as amended.

W. Michael Sullivan, PhD., Director Department ofEnvironmental Management

Page 16 of21

### Notice Given on: February 21, 2007 Public Hearingheld: March 23, 2007 Filing Date: June 29, 2007 Effective Date: July 

### 19, 2007

Page 17 of2 1

### APPENDIX A EQUIPMENT TUNING PROCEDURE 1 Nothing in this Equipment Tuning Procedure shall be construed to require any act or omission that would result 

### in unsafe conditions or would be in violation ofanyregulation orrequirement established by Factory Mutual, National Fire Prevention Association, the Rhode Island Department ofLabor (Division ofOccupational Safety), the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration orother relevant regulations orrequirements. l. Operate the unit at the firing rate most typical ofnormal operation. 

### If the unit experiences significant load variations during normal operation, operate it at its average firing rate. 

### 2. At this firing rate, record stack gas temperature, oxygen concentration and CO concentration (for gaseous fuels) or smoke-spot number (for liquid fuels) and observe flame conditions after the unit stabilizes at the firing rate selected. Ifthe excess oxygen in the stack gas is at the lower end ofthe range oftypical minimum values3
, and 

### ifthe CO emissions are low and there is no smoke, the unit is probably operating at near op timum efficiency

- at this particular firing rate. However, complete the remaining portion ofthis procedure to determine whether still lower oxygen levels are practical. 3. Increase combustion air flow to the furnace until stack gas oxygen levels increase by one to two percent over the value measured in Step 

### 2. As in Step 

### 2, record the stack gas temperature, CO concentration (for gaseous fuels) or smoke-spot number (for liquid fuels) and observe flame conditions for these higher oxygen levels afterboiler operation stabilizes. 4
. Decrease combustion air flow until the stack gas oxygen concentration is at the level measured in Step 2. From this level gradually reduce the combustion air flow in small increments
. After each increment, record the stack gas temperature, oxygen concentration, CO concentration (for gaseous fuels) and smoke-spot number (for liquid fuels). Also observe the flan1e and record any changes in its condition. 5. Continue to reduce combustion air flow stepwise until one ofthese limits is reached:

a. Unacceptable flame conditions

- such as flame impingement on furnace walls or burner parts, excessive flame carryover or flame instability. b. Stack gas CO concentration greater than 

### 400 ppm.
c. Smoking at the stack. d. Equipment related limitations

- such as low windbox/fumace pressure differential, built in air flow limits, etc. 6. Develop an 0 2 /CO curve (for gaseous fuels) or Oi/smoke curve (for liquid fuels) similarto those in Figures 

### 1 and 

### 2 using the excess oxygen and CO or smoke-spot number data Page 18 o f 2 1

### obtained at each combustion air flow setting. 7. From the curves prepared in Step 6, find the stack gas oxygen levels where the CO emissions or smoke-spot number equal the following values: Fuel Measurement Value Gaseous CO emissions 400ppm #1 & 

### #2 oils smoke-spot number number 1 #4 

### oil smoke-spot number number2 #5 oil smoke-spot number number 3 #6 oil smoke-spot number number4 The above conditions are referred to as CO or smoke threshold, or as the minimum excess oxygen level. Compare this minimum value ofexcess oxygen to the expected value provided by the combustion unit manufacturer. 

### If the minimum value found is substantiallyhigher than the valueprovided by the combustion unitmanufacturer, burner adjustments shall be made to improve fuel and air mixing, thereby allowing operation with less air. 8. Add 0.5 to 2.0 percent to the minimum excess oxygen level found in Step 7 and reset burner controls to operate automatically at this higher stack gas oxygen level. Thismargin above the level accounts for fuel variations, variations in atmospheric conditions, load changes and non repeatability orplay in automatic controls
. 9
. 

### If the load ofthe combustion unit varies significantly during normal operation, repeat Steps 1-8 for firing rates that represent the upper and lower limits ofthe range ofthe load. Because control adjustments at one firing rate may affect conditions at other firing rates, it may not bepossible to establish the optimum excess oxygen level at all firing rates. 

### If this is the case, choose the burner control settings that give the best performance overthe range of firing rates. 

### Ifone firing rate predominates, settings should optimize conditions at that rate. 10. Verify that the new settings can accommodate the sudden changes that may occur in daily operation without adverse affects. Do this byincreasing and decreasing load rapidly while observing the flame and stack
. 

### Ifany ofthe conditions 

### in Step 5 result, reset the combustion controls to provide a slightlyhigher level ofexcess oxygen at the affect firing rates. Next, verify these new settings in a similar fashion. Then make sure thatthe final control settings are recorded at steady state operating conditions for future reference.

Page 19 of21

### 1. This tuning procedure is basedon a tune-upprocedure developed byKVB Inc.for the EPA. 2. The smoke-spot number can bedetermined with ASTM Test MethodD-2156 or with the Bacharach method. ASTM Test MethodD-2156 is included in a tune-up kit that can be purchased from the Bacharach Company 

### 3. Typical minimum oxygen levels for boil ers at high.firing rates ar e: For naturalgas: 0
.5%

- 3
. 0% For liquidfuels: 2.0%- 4.0%



# •

Page 20 of21

# t
E 0. c.



### e**~ ~**  'i( 0 c

## ~ e 0 

# -e as 0 

## Figure 1 

## Oxygen/CO Characteristic Curve

Gradual COI01 characteristic



### CO limit (400 ppm) Sleep COi

### 02 characre1i$tic

Appropriate operating 

### margin 

### lrom minimum 02
Automatic controls adju$ted to this



# __**\__~** 02level

Oxygen 

### in flue 

### gas, % ,_ 

## Figure 2 

## Oxygen/Smoke Characteristic Curve

Page 2 1of2 1

## ... Q) 

### .c 

## E ::;:, c: 

## 0 Q. 

# .,, ' Q) 

### .x 0 

## E en 

### Gradual 

### smoke/0 2 

### character;stic

Smoke limit Steep smoke/Oz characteristic

Appropriate operating margin 

### from minimum 

## 02
Automatic boiler controls adjusted to this 

## 02 level 

# \

-----

Oxygen in 

### nue gas. %

Page22 of21