Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

U.S. Department of Labor

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA 2254

1998 (Revised)

Training Requirements

in OSHA Standards

and Training Guidelines
This informational booklet is intended to

provide a generic, non-exhaustive overview of

a particular standards-related topic. This

publication does not itself alter or determine

compliance responsibilities, which are set forth

in OSHA standards themselves, and the

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

Moreover, because interpretations and

enforcement policy may change over time, for

additional guidance on OSHA compliance

requirements, the reader should consult

current administrative interpretations and

decisions by the Occupational Safety and

Health Review Commission and the courts.

Material contained in this publication is in the

public domain and may be reproduced, fully or

partially, without the permission of the Federal

Government. Source credit is requested but

not required.

This information will be made available to

sensory impaired individuals upon request.

Voice phone: (202) 219-8615;

Telecommunications Device for the Deaf

(TDD) message referral phone:

(800) 326-2577.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

U.S. Department of Labor

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Charles N. Jeffress, Assistant Secretary

OSHA 2254

1998 (Revised)

Training Requirements

in OSHA Standards

and Training Guidelines
 Page

Introduction............................................................................................ iii

Voluntary Training Guidelines ................................................................ 1

Index of Training Requirements ............................................................. 9

General Industry Training Requirements, 29 CFR Part 1910 ................ 9

Maritime Training Requirements, 29 CFR Parts 1915, 1917, 1918 .... 12

Construction Training Requirements, 29 CFR Part 1926 ..................... 15

Agricultural Training Requirements, 29 CFR Part 1928 ...................... 18

Federal Employee Programs Training Requirements, 29 CFR

Part 1960 .............................................................................................. 19

General Industry Training Requirements ............................................. 20

Maritime Training Requirements ......................................................... 55

Shipyard Employment ...................................................................... 55

Marine Terminals .............................................................................. 65

Longshoring ...................................................................................... 68

Construction Training Requirements.................................................... 69

Agricultural Training Requirements ..................................................... 86

Federal Employee Programs Training Requirements .......................... 88

Suggested Readings in Industrial Safety and Health Training

and Other Resources ............................................................................ 91

States with Approved Plans.................................................................. 92

OSHA Consultation Project Directory ................................................... 94

OSHA Area Offices ................................................................................ 95

OSHA Regional Offices ......................................................................... 96

Contents

Contents

i
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Many standards promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) explicitly require the employer to train employees in the safety

and health aspects of their jobs. Other OSHA standards make it the employer’s

responsibility to limit certain job assignments to employees who are “certified,”

“competent,” or “qualified”—meaning that they have had special previous

training, in or out of the workplace. The term “designated” personnel means

selected or assigned by the employer or the employer’s representative as being

qualified to perform specific duties. These requirements reflect OSHA’s belief

that training is an essential part of every employer’s safety and health program

for protecting workers from injuries and illnesses. Many researchers conclude

that those who are new on the job have a higher rate of accidents and injuries

than more experienced workers.

If ignorance of specific job hazards and of proper work practices is even partly

to blame for this higher injury rate, then training will help to provide

a solution.

As an example of the trend in OSHA safety and health training requirements,

the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals standard (Title

29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910.119) contains several training requirements. This standard was promulgated under the requirements of the Clean Air

Act Amendments of 1990. The Process Safety Management Standard requires

the employer to evaluate or verify that employees comprehend the training given

to them. This means that the training to be given must have established goals and

objectives regarding what is to be accomplished. Subsequent to the training, an

evaluation would be conducted to verify that the employees understood the

subjects presented or acquired the desired skills or knowledge. If the established

goals and objectives of the training program were not achieved as expected, the

employer than would revise the training program to make it more effective, or

conduct more frequent refresher training or some combination of these. The

requirements of the Process Safety Management Standard follow the concepts

embodied in the OSHA training guidelines contained in this booklet.

The length and complexity of OSHA standards may make it difficult to find

all the references to training. So, to help employers, safety and health professionals, training directors, and others with a need to know, OSHA’s training-related

requirements have been excerpted and collected in this booklet. Requirements

for posting information, warning signs, labels, and the like are excluded, as are

most references to the qualifications of people assigned to test workplace conditions or equipment.

It is usually a good idea for the employer to keep a record of all safety

and health training. Records can provide evidence of the employer’s good faith

and compliance with OSHA standards. Documentation can also supply an

answer to one of the first questions an accident investigator will ask:

“Was the injured employee trained to do the job?”

Training in the proper performance of a job is time and money well spent, and

the employer might regard it as an investment rather than an expense. An

effective program of safety and health training for workers can result in fewer

injuries and illnesses, better morale, and lower insurance premiums, among other

benefits.

Readers with questions concerning worker safety and health training should

contact their OSHA Regional or Area office listed at the end of this publication.

iii Introduction

Introduction
 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1

A. Training Model ..................................................................................................................................... 1

B. Review Commission Implications ....................................................................................................... 1

 II. Training Guidelines.................................................................................................................................... 2

A. Determining If Training is Needed....................................................................................................... 2

B. Identifying Training Needs .................................................................................................................. 3

C. Identifying Goals and Objectives ......................................................................................................... 3

D. Developing Learning Activities ........................................................................................................... 4

E. Conducting the Training ....................................................................................................................... 5

F. Evaluating Program Effectiveness ....................................................................................................... 5

G. Improving the Program ........................................................................................................................ 6

III. Matching Training to Employees .............................................................................................................. 6

A. Identifying Employees at Risk ............................................................................................................. 6

B. Training Employees at Risk ................................................................................................................. 7

IV. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 8

v Voluntary Training Guidelines

Voluntary Training Guidelines
1

I. Introduction

A. Training Model

B. Review Comission

Implications

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

does not address specifically the responsibility of

employers to provide health and safety information

Voluntary Training Guidelines

Voluntary Training Guidelines

and instruction to employees, although Section 5(a)(2) does require that each

employer “. . . shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.” However, more than 100 of the Act’s current standards

do contain training requirements.

Therefore, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has developed

voluntary training guidelines to assist employers in providing the safety and

health information and instruction needed for their employees to work at minimal

risk to themselves, to fellow employees, and to the public.

The guidelines are designed to help employers to: (1) determine whether a

worksite problem can be solved by training; (2) determine what training, if any, is

needed; (3) identify goals and objectives for the training; (4) design learning

activities; (5) conduct training; (6) determine the effectiveness of the training; and

(7) revise the training program based on feedback from employees, supervisors,

and others.

The development of the guidelines is part of an agency-wide objective to

encourage cooperative, voluntary safety and health activities among OSHA, the

business community, and workers. These voluntary programs include training and

education, consultation, voluntary protection programs, and abatement assistance.

The guidelines provide employers with a model for designing, conducting,

evaluating, and revising training programs. The training model can be used to

develop training programs for a variety of occupational safety and health hazards

identified at the workplace. Additionally, it can assist employers in their efforts to

meet the training requirements in current or future occupational safety and health

standards.

A training program designed in accordance with these guidelines can be used to

supplement and enhance the employer’s other education and training activities.

The guidelines afford employers significant flexibility in the selection of content

and training and program design. OSHA encourages a personalized approach to

the informational and instructional programs at individual worksites, thereby

enabling employers to provide the training that is most needed and applicable to

local working conditions.

Assistance with training programs or the identification of resources for training

is available through such organizations as OSHA full-service Area Offices, State

agencies which have their own OSHA-approved occupational safety and health

programs, OSHA-funded State onsite consultation programs for employers, local

safety councils, the OSHA Office of Training and Education, and OSHA-funded

New Directions grantees.

OSHA does not intend to make the guidelines mandatory. And they should not

be used by employers as a total or complete guide in training and education

matters which can result in enforcement proceedings before the Occupational

Safety and Health Review Commission. However, employee training programs

are always an issue in Review Commission cases which involve alleged violations of training requirements contained in OSHA standards.
2

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

The adequacy of employee training may also become an issue in contested

cases where the affirmative defense of unpreventable employee misconduct is

raised. Under case law well-established in the Commission and the courts, an

employer may successfully defend against an otherwise valid citation by demonstrating that all feasible steps were taken to avoid the occurrence of the hazard,

and that actions of the employee involved in the violation were a departure from

a uniformly and effectively enforced work rule of which the employee had either

actual or constructive knowledge.

In either type of case, the adequacy of the training given to employees in

connection with a specific hazard is a factual matter which can be decided only

by considering all the facts and circumstances surrounding the alleged violation.

The general guidelines in this publication are not intended, and cannot be used,

as evidence of the appropriate level of training in litigation involving either the

training requirements of OSHA standards or affirmative defenses based upon

employer training programs.

OSHA’s training guidelines follow a model that consists of:

A. Determining if Training is Needed

B. Identifying Training Needs

C. Identifying Goals and Objectives

D. Developing Learning Activities

E. Conducting the Training

F. Evaluating Program Effectiveness

G. Improving the Program

The model is designed to be one that even the owner of a business with very

few employees can use without having to hire a professional trainer or purchase

expensive training materials. Using this model, employers or supervisors can

develop and administer safety and health training programs that address problems specific to their own business, fulfill the learning needs of their own employees, and strengthen the overall safety and health program of the workplace.

The first step in the training process is a basic one: to determine whether a

problem can be solved by training. Whenever employees are not performing

their jobs properly, it is often assumed that training will bring them up to standard. However, it is possible that other actions (such as hazard abatement or the

implementation of engineering controls) would enable employees to perform

their jobs properly.

Ideally, safety and health training should be provided before problems or

accidents occur. This training would cover both general safety and health rules

and work procedures, and would be repeated if an accident or near miss incident

occurred.

Problems that can be addressed effectively by training include those that arise

from lack of knowledge of a work process, unfamiliarity with equipment, or

incorrect execution of a task. Training is less effective (but still can be used) for

problems arising from an employee’s lack of motivation or lack of attention to

A. Determining if

Training is Needed

II. Training Guidelines
3

the job. Whatever its purpose, training is most effective when designed in

relation to the goals of the employer’s total safety and health program.

If the problem is one that can be solved, in whole or in part, by training then

the next step is to determine what training is needed. For this, it is necessary to

identify what the employee is expected to do and in what ways, if any, the

employee’s performance is deficient. This information can be obtained by

conducting a job analysis which pinpoints what an employee needs to know in

order to perform a job.

When designing a new training program, or preparing to instruct an employee in an unfamiliar procedure or system, a job analysis can be developed by

examining engineering data on new equipment or the safety data sheets on

unfamiliar substances. The content of the specific Federal or State OSHA standards applicable to a business can also provide direction in developing training

content. Another option is to conduct a Job Hazard Analysis (see OSHA 3071,

same title, 1981). This is a procedure for studying and recording each step of a

job, identifying existing or potential hazards, and determining the best way to

perform the job in order to reduce or eliminate the risks. Information obtained

from a Job Hazard Analysis can be used as the content for the training activity.

If an employer’s learning needs can be met by revising an existing training

program rather than developing a new one, or if the employer already has some

knowledge of the process or system to be used, appropriate training content can

be developed through such means as:

1. Using company accident and injury records to identify how accidents occur

and what can be done to prevent them from recurring.

2. Requesting employees to provide, in writing and in their own words, descriptions of their jobs. These should include the tasks performed and the tools,

materials and equipment used.

3. Observing employees at the worksite as they perform tasks, asking about

the work, and recording their answers.

4. Examining similar training programs offered by other companies in the

same industry, or obtaining suggestions from such organizations as the National

Safety Council (which can provide information on Job Hazard Analysis), the

Bureau of Labor Statistics, OSHA approved State programs, OSHA full service

Area Offices, OSHA-funded State consultation programs, or the OSHA Office of

Training and Education.

The employees themselves can provide valuable information on the training

they need. Safety and health hazards can be identified through the employees’

responses to such questions as whether anything about their jobs frightens them,

if they have had any near-miss incidents, if they feel they are taking risks, or if

they believe that their jobs involve hazardous operations or substances.

Once the kind of training that is needed has been determined, it is equally

important to determine what kind of training is not needed. Employees should

be made aware of all the steps involved in a task or procedure, but training

should focus on those steps on which improved performance is needed. This

avoids unnecessary training and tailors the training to meet the needs of the

employees.

B. Identifying Training

Needs

C. Identifying Goals and

Objectives

Voluntary Training Guidelines
4

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Once the employees’ training needs have been identified, employers can then

prepare objectives for the training. Instructional objectives, if clearly stated, will

tell employers what they want their employees to do, to do better, or to stop

doing.

Learning objectives do not necessarily have to be written, but in order for the

training to be as successful as possible, clear and measurable objectives should

be thought out before the training begins. For an objective to be effective it

should identify as precisely as possible what the individuals will do to

demonstrate that they have learned, or that the objective has been reached. They

should also describe the important conditions under which the individual will

demonstrate competence and define what constitutes acceptable performance.

Using specific, action-oriented language, the instructional objectives should

describe the preferred practice or skill and its observable behavior. For example,

rather than using the statement: “The employee will understand how to use a

respirator” as an instructional objective, it would be better to say: “The employee will be able to describe how a respirator works and when it should be

used.” Objectives are most effective when worded in sufficient detail that other

qualified persons can recognize when the desired behavior is exhibited.

Once employers have stated precisely what the objectives for the training

program are, then learning activities can be identified and described. Learning

activities enable employees to demonstrate that they have acquired the desired

skills and knowledge. To ensure that employees transfer the skills or knowledge

from the learning activity to the job, the learning situation should simulate the

actual job as closely as possible. Thus, employers may want to arrange the

objectives and activities in a sequence which corresponds to the order in which

the tasks are to be performed on the job, if a specific process is to be learned. For

instance, if an employee must learn the beginning processes of using a machine,

the sequence might be: (1) to check that the power source is connected; (2) to

ensure that the safety devices are in place and are operative; (3) to know when

and how to throw the switch; and so on.

A few factors will help to determine the type of learning activity to be incorporated into the training. One aspect is the training resources available to the

employer. Can a group training program that uses an outside trainer and film be

organized, or should the employer personally train the employees on a one-toone basis? Another factor is the kind of skills or knowledge to be learned. Is the

learning oriented toward physical skills (such as the use of special tools) or

toward mental processes and attitudes? Such factors will influence the type of

learning activity designed by employers. The training activity can be grouporiented, with lectures, role play, and demonstrations; or designed for the

individual as with self-paced instruction.

The determination of methods and materials for the learning activity can be as

varied as the employer’s imagination and available resources will allow. The

employer may want to use charts, diagrams, manuals, slides, films, viewgraphs

(overhead transparencies), videotapes, audiotapes, or simply blackboard and

chalk, or any combination of these and other instructional aids. Whatever the

method of instruction, the learning activities should be developed in such a way

that the employees can clearly demonstrate that they have acquired the desired

skills or knowledge.

D. Developing Learning

Activities
5

With the completion of the steps outlined above, the employer is ready to

begin conducting the training. To the extent possible, the training should be

presented so that its organization and meaning are clear to the employees. To do

so, employers or supervisors should: (1) provide overviews of the material to be

learned; (2) relate, wherever possible, the new information or skills to the

employee’s goals, interests, or experience; and (3) reinforce what the employees

learned by summarizing the program’s objectives and the key points of information covered. These steps will assist employers in presenting the training in a

clear, unambiguous manner.

In addition to organizing the content, employers must also develop the structure and format of the training. The content developed for the program, the

nature of the workplace or other training site, and the resources available for

training will help employers determine for themselves the frequency of training

activities, the length of the sessions, the instructional techniques, and the

individual(s) best qualified to present the information.

In order to be motivated to pay attention and learn the material that the employer or supervisor is presenting, employees must be convinced of the importance and relevance of the material. Among the ways of developing motivation

are: (1) explaining the goals and objectives of instruction; (2) relating the training to the interests, skills, and experiences of the employees; (3) outlining the

main points to be presented during the training session(s); and (4) pointing out

the benefits of training (e.g., the employee will be better informed, more skilled,

and thus more valuable both on the job and on the labor market; or the employee

will, if he or she applies the skills and knowledge learned, be able to work at

reduced risk).

An effective training program allows employees to participate in the training

process and to practice their skills or knowledge. This will help to ensure that

they are learning the required knowledge or skills and permit correction if

necessary. Employees can become involved in the training process by participating in discussions, asking questions, contributing their knowledge and expertise,

learning through hands-on experiences, and through role-playing exercises.

To make sure that the training program is accomplishing its goals, an evaluation of the training can be valuable. Training should have, as one of its critical

components, a method of measuring the effectiveness of the training. A plan for

evaluating the training session(s), either written or thought-out by the employer,

should be developed when the course objectives and content are developed. It

should not be delayed until the training has been completed. Evaluation will help

employers or supervisors determine the amount of learning achieved and

whether an employee’s performance has improved on the job. Among the

methods of evaluating training are: (1) Student opinion. Questionnaires or

informal discussions with employees can help employers determine the relevance and appropriateness of the training program; (2) Supervisors’ observations. Supervisors are in good positions to observe an employee’s performance

both before and after the training and note improvements or changes; and (3)

Workplace improvements. The ultimate success of a training program may be

changes throughout the workplace that result in reduced injury or accident rates.

E. Conducting the

Training

F. Evaluating Program

Effectiveness

Voluntary Training Guidelines
6

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

III. Matching Training to

Employees

A. Identifying

Employees at Risk

However it is conducted, an evaluation of training can give employers the

information necessary to decide whether or not the employees achieved the

desired results, and whether the training session should be offered again at some

future date.

If, after evaluation, it is clear that the training did not give the employees the

level of knowledge and skill that was expected, then it may be necessary to

revise the training program or provide periodic retraining. At this point, asking

questions of employees and of those who conducted the training may be of some

help. Among the questions that could be asked are: (1) Were parts of the content

already known and, therefore, unnecessary? (2) What material was confusing or

distracting? (3) Was anything missing from the program? (4) What did the

employees learn, and what did they fail to learn?

It may be necessary to repeat steps in the training process, that is, to return to

the first steps and retrace one’s way through the training process. As the program

is evaluated, the employer should ask: (1) If a job analysis was conducted, was it

accurate? (2) Was any critical feature of the job overlooked? (3) Were the important gaps in knowledge and skill included? (4) Was material already known by

the employees intentionally omitted? (5) Were the instructional objectives

presented clearly and concretely? (6) Did the objectives state the level of acceptable performance that was expected of employees? (7) Did the learning activity

simulate the actual job? (8) Was the learning activity appropriate for the kinds of

knowledge and skills required on the job? (9) When the training was presented,

was the organization of the material and its meaning made clear? (10) Were the

employees motivated to learn? (11) Were the employees allowed to participate

actively in the training process? (12) Was the employer’s evaluation of the

program thorough?

A critical examination of the steps in the training process will help employers

determine where course revision is necessary.

While all employees are entitled to know as much as possible about the safety

and health hazards to which they are exposed, and employers should attempt to

provide all relevant information and instruction to all employees, the resources

for such an effort frequently are not, or are not believed to be, available. Thus,

employers are often faced with the problem of deciding who is in the greatest

need of information and instruction.

One way to differentiate between employees who have priority needs for

training and those who do not is to identify employee populations which are at

higher levels of risk. The nature of the work will provide an indication that such

groups should receive priority for information on occupational safety and health

risks.

One method of identifying employee populations at high levels of occupational risk (and thus in greater need of safety and health training) is to pinpoint

hazardous occupations. Even within industries which are hazardous in general,

there are some employees who operate at greater risk than others. In other cases

the hazardousness of an occupation is influenced by the conditions under which

it is performed, such as noise, heat or cold, or safety or health hazards in the

surrounding area. In these situations, employees should be trained not only on

G. Improving the

Program
7

how to perform their job safely but also on how to operate within a hazardous

environment.

A second method of identifying employee populations at high levels of risk is to

examine the incidence of accidents and injuries, both within the company and within

the industry. If employees in certain occupational categories are experiencing higher

accident and injury rates than other employees, training may be one way to reduce

that rate. In addition, thorough accident investigation can identify not only specific

employees who could benefit from training but also identify company-wide training

needs.

Research has identified the following variables as being related to a disproportionate share of injuries and illnesses at the worksite on the part of employees:

1. The age of the employee (younger employees have higher incidence rates).

2. The length of time on the job (new employees have higher incidence rates).

3. The size of the firm (in general terms, medium-size firms have higher incidence

rates than smaller or larger firms).

4. The type of work performed (incidence and severity rates vary significantly by

SIC Code).

5. The use of hazardous substances (by SIC Code).

These variables should be considered when identifying employee groups for

training in occupational safety and health.

In summary, information is readily available to help employers identify which

employees should receive safety and health information, education and training, and

who should receive it before others. Employers can request assistance in obtaining

information by contacting such organizations as OSHA Area Offices, the Bureau of

Labor Statistics, OSHA approved State programs, State onsite consultation

programs, the OSHA Office of Training and Education, or local safety councils.

Determining the content of training for employee populations at higher levels of

risk is similar to determining what any employee needs to know, but more emphasis

is placed on the requirements of the job and the possibility of injury. One useful tool

for determining training content from job requirements is the Job Hazard Analysis

described earlier. This procedure examines each step of a job, identifies existing or

potential hazards, and determines the best way to perform the job in order to reduce

or eliminate the hazards. Its key elements are: (1) job description; (2) job location;

(3) key steps (preferably in the order in which they are performed); (4) tools, machines and materials used; (5) actual and potential safety and health hazards associated with these key job steps; and (6) safe and healthful practices, apparel, and

equipment required for each job step.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) can also provide information for training

employees in the safe use of materials. These data sheets, developed by chemical

manufacturers and importers, are supplied with manufacturing or construction

materials and describe the ingredients of a product, its hazards, protective equipment

to be used, safe handling procedures, and emergency first-aid responses. The information contained in these sheets can help employers identify employees in need of

training (i.e., workers handling substances described in the sheets) and train employees in safe use of the substances. Material Safety Data Sheets are generally available

from suppliers, manufacturers of the substance, large employers who use the substance on a regular basis, or they can be developed by employers or trade

B. Training Employees

at Risk

Voluntary Training Guidelines
8

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

associations. MSDS are particularly useful for those employers who are developing

training on chemical use as required by OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard.

In an attempt to assist employers with their occupational health and safety

training activities, OSHA has developed a set of training guidelines in the form

of a model. This model is designed to help employers develop instructional

programs as part of their total education and training effort. The model addresses

the questions of who should be trained, on what topics, and for what purposes. It

also helps employers determine how effective the program has been and enables

them to identify employees who are in greatest need of education and training.

The model is general enough to be used in any area of occupational safety and

health training, and allows employers to determine for themselves the content

and format of training. Use of this model in training activities is just one of many

ways that employers can comply with the OSHA standards that relate to training

and enhance the safety and health of their employees.

IV. Conclusion
9

Subpart E

Subpart F

Subpart G

Subpart H

Subpart I

Subpart J

General Industry Training Requirements

 29 CFR Part 1910

Page

Index of Training Requirements

Index of Training Requirements

Means of Egress .............................................................................................. 20

Employee Emergency Plans and Fire Prevention Plans ................................... 20

Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms...... 20

Powered Platforms for Building Maintenance—Operations-Training ............. 20

Care and use Appendix C, Section 1 ................................................................ 21

Occupational Health and Environmental Control ...................................... 21

DipTanks—Personal Protection ....................................................................... 21

Inspection, Maintenance, and Installation ........................................................ 21

Hearing Protection ............................................................................................ 21

Training Program .............................................................................................. 21

Hazardous Materials ...................................................................................... 22

Flammable and Combustible Liquids ............................................................... 22

Explosives and Blasting Agents ....................................................................... 22

Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles ................................................................. 22

Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases ...................................... 22

Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals ........................ 22

Contract Employer Responsibilities ................................................................. 23

Mechanical Integrity ......................................................................................... 23

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response .................................. 23

Hazardous Waste Cleanup Workers .................................................................. 25

New Technology Programs............................................................................... 26

Hazardous Waste—Emergency Responders ..................................................... 26

Personal Protective Equipment ..................................................................... 30

Personal Protective Equipment......................................................................... 30

Respiratory Protection ...................................................................................... 30

Respiratory Protection for M Tuberculosis ...................................................... 31

General Environmental Controls.................................................................. 32

Temporary Labor Camps .................................................................................. 32

Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs and Tags ................................... 32

Permit Required Confined Spaces .................................................................... 32

The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) ....................................... 33

Lockout or Tagout Devices Removed .............................................................. 34

Outside Personnel ............................................................................................. 34

Medical Services and First Aid ..................................................................... 34

Medical Services and First Aid........................................................................ 34 Subpart K
10

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Subpart S

Subpart T

Fire Protection ............................................................................................... 34

Fire Protection ................................................................................................. 34

Fire Brigades.................................................................................................... 34

Training and Education.................................................................................... 35

Portable Fire Extinguishers ............................................................................. 35

Fixed Extinguishing Systems .......................................................................... 35

Fire Detection Systems .................................................................................... 36

Employee Alarm Systems................................................................................ 36

Materials Handling and Storage .................................................................. 36

Servicing of Multi-Piece and Single-Piece Rim Wheels ................................. 36

Powered Industrial Trucks ............................................................................... 38

Moving the Load ............................................................................................. 38

Crawler Locomotives and Truck Cranes ......................................................... 38

Machinery and Machine Guarding ............................................................. 38

Mechanical Power Presses............................................................................... 38

Mechanical Power Presses—Instructions to Operators ................................... 38

Training of Maintenance Personnel ................................................................. 38

Operator Training ............................................................................................ 39

Forging Machines ............................................................................................ 39

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing ..................................................................... 39

General Requirements ..................................................................................... 39

Oxygen—Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting ........................................................ 39

Arc Welding and Cutting ................................................................................. 39

Resistance Welding .......................................................................................... 39

Special Industries........................................................................................... 39

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills .................................................................. 39

Laundry Machinery and Operating Rules ....................................................... 40

Sawmills .......................................................................................................... 40

Logging............................................................................................................ 40

Telecommunications ........................................................................................ 41

Derrick Trucks ................................................................................................. 41

Cable Fault Locating ....................................................................................... 41

Guarding Manholes ......................................................................................... 41

Joint Power and Telecommunication Manholes .............................................. 42

Tree Trimming—Electrical Hazards................................................................ 42

Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution ........................... 42

Grain Handling Facilities................................................................................. 43

Entry Into Bins, Silos, and Tanks .................................................................... 43

Contractors ...................................................................................................... 43

Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices ................................................... 44

Content of Training.......................................................................................... 44

Commercial Diving Operations.................................................................... 44

Qualifications of Dive Team............................................................................ 44

Subpart O

Subpart Q

Subpart R

Subpart N

Page

Subpart L
11

Toxic and Hazardous Substances ................................................................. 44

Asbestos ........................................................................................................... 44

4-Nitrobiphenyl ............................................................................................... 45

Alpha-Naphthylamine ..................................................................................... 45

Methyl Chloromethyl Ether ............................................................................. 45

3, 3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) ............................................................. 45

Bis-Chloromethyl Ether................................................................................... 45

Beta-Napthylamine .......................................................................................... 45

Benzidine ......................................................................................................... 45

4-Aminodiphenyl ............................................................................................. 45

Ethyleneimine .................................................................................................. 45

Beta-Propiolactone .......................................................................................... 45

2-Acetylaminofluorene .................................................................................... 45

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene .......................................................................... 45

N-Nitrosodimethylamine ................................................................................. 45

Vinyl Chloride ................................................................................................. 46

Inorganic Arsenic ............................................................................................. 46

Lead ................................................................................................................. 47

Cadmium ......................................................................................................... 47

Benzene ........................................................................................................... 48

Coke Oven Emissions...................................................................................... 49

Bloodborne Pathogens ..................................................................................... 49

Cotton Dust ...................................................................................................... 51

1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane ........................................................................ 51

Acrylonitrile (Vinyl Cyanide) .......................................................................... 52

Ethylene Oxide ................................................................................................ 52

Formaldehyde .................................................................................................. 53

 4, 4' Methylenedianiline ................................................................................. 53

Ionizing Radiation Testing............................................................................... 54

Posting ............................................................................................................. 54

Hazard Communication ................................................................................... 54

Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories .................. 54

Subpart Z

Index of Training Requirements

Page
12

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Subpart B

Subpart C

Part 1915 Shipyard

Employment

Subpart D

Subpart E

Subpart F

Subpart G

Subpart I

Subpart H

Maritime Training Requirements

29 CFR Parts 1915, 1917, 1918

General Provisions......................................................................................... 55

Commercial Diving Operations ....................................................................... 55

Competent Person ............................................................................................ 55

Explosive and Other Dangerous Atmospheres............................................ 56

Confined and Enclosed Spaces ........................................................................ 56

Precautions Before Entering ............................................................................ 57

Cleaning and Other Cold Work ....................................................................... 58

Certification Before Hot Work Is Begun ......................................................... 58

Maintaining Gas Free Conditions, Ship Repairing.......................................... 58

Surface Preparation and Preservation ........................................................ 58

Painting ............................................................................................................ 58

Flammable Liquids .......................................................................................... 59

Welding, Cutting, and Heating ..................................................................... 59

Fire Prevention ................................................................................................ 59

Welding, Cutting, and Heating in Way of Preservative Coatings.................... 59

Welding, Cutting and Heating of Hollow Metal Containers

and Structures Not Covered by 1915.12.......................................................... 60

Gas Welding and Cutting ................................................................................. 60

Arc Welding and Cutting ................................................................................. 60

Uses of Fissionable Material ........................................................................... 61

Scaffolds, Ladders and Other Working Surfaces ....................................... 61

Scaffolds or Staging......................................................................................... 61

General Working Conditions........................................................................ 61

Work On Or In The Vicinity of Radar and Radio ............................................ 61

First-Aid .......................................................................................................... 61

Gear and Equipment for Rigging and Materials Handling ....................... 61

Ropes, Chains, and Slings ............................................................................... 61

Use of Gear ...................................................................................................... 61

Qualifications of Operators ............................................................................. 61

Tools and Related Equipment....................................................................... 61

Powder Actuated Fastening Tools ................................................................... 61

Internal Combustion Engines, Other Than Ships’ Equipment......................... 62

Personal Protective Equipment .................................................................... 62

General Requirements ..................................................................................... 62

Respiratory Protection ..................................................................................... 63

Personal Fall Arrest Systems ........................................................................... 63

Positioning Device Systems ............................................................................ 63

Subpart A

Page
13

Portable, Unfired Pressure Vessels, Drums, and Containers,

Other than Ships’ Equipment....................................................................... 63

Portable Air Receivers and Other Unfired Pressure Vessels ........................... 63

Toxic and Hazardous Substances ................................................................. 63

Asbestos ........................................................................................................... 63

13 Carcinogens ................................................................................................ 64

Vinyl Chloride ................................................................................................ 64

Inorganic Arsenic ............................................................................................. 64

Lead ................................................................................................................. 64

Cadmium ......................................................................................................... 64

Benzene ........................................................................................................... 64

Bloodborne Pathogens ..................................................................................... 64

1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane ........................................................................ 65

Acrylonitrile..................................................................................................... 65

Ethylene Oxide ................................................................................................ 65

Formaldehyde .................................................................................................. 65

Methylenedianiline .......................................................................................... 65

Ionizing Radiation ........................................................................................... 65

Hazard Communication ................................................................................... 65

Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories .................. 65

Scope and Definitions .................................................................................... 65

Commercial Diving Operations ....................................................................... 65

Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices ........................................................ 65

Grain Handling Facilities................................................................................. 65

Hazard Communication ................................................................................... 65

Ionizing Radiation ........................................................................................... 65

Hearing Protection ........................................................................................... 65

Respiratory Protection ..................................................................................... 65

Servicing Multi-Piece and Single-Piece Rim Wheels ..................................... 65

Toxic and Hazardous Substances .................................................................... 66

Marine Terminal Operations........................................................................ 66

Hazardous Atmospheres and Substances......................................................... 66

Fumigants, Pesticides, Insecticides, and Hazardous Preservatives ................. 66

Personnel ......................................................................................................... 66

Hazard Communication ................................................................................... 66

Emergency Action Plans .................................................................................. 67

Cargo Handling Gear and Equipment ........................................................ 67

General Rules Applicable to Vehicles ............................................................. 67

Specialized Terminals.................................................................................... 67

Terminal facilities—Handling Menhaden and Similar Species of Fish .......... 67

Part 1917 Marine

Terminals

Subpart B

Subpart K

Subpart Z

Maritime Training Requirements

Page

Subpart A

Subpart C

Subpart D
14

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Related Terminal Operations and Equipment ............................................ 67

Welding, Cutting, and Heating (Hot Work) ..................................................... 67

Scope and Definitions .................................................................................... 68

Commercial Diving Operations ...................................................................... 68

Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices ........................................................ 68

Hazard Communication ................................................................................... 68

Ionizing Radiation .......................................................................................... 68

Hearing Protection ........................................................................................... 68

Respiratory Protection ..................................................................................... 68

Toxic and Hazardous Substances .................................................................... 68

Handling Cargo ............................................................................................. 68

Containerized Cargo Operations—Fall Protection systems ............................ 68

General Working Conditions....................................................................... 68

Hazardous Atmospheres and Substances......................................................... 68

Ventilation and Atmospheric Conditions and Fumigants ............................... 68

First-Aid and Life Saving Facilities ................................................................ 68

Qualifications of Machinery Operators ........................................................... 68

Page

Part 1918 Longshoring

Subpart A

Subpart H

Subpart I
15

Subpart K

Subpart L

Subpart C

Subpart D

Subpart E

Subpart F

Subpart G

Subpart I

Subpart J

Construction Training Requirements

29 CFR Part 1926

General Safety and Health Provisions ......................................................... 69

General Safety and Health Provisions ............................................................. 69

Safety Training and Education ........................................................................ 69

Employee Emergency Action Plans ................................................................ 70

Occupational Health and Environmental Controls.................................... 70

Medical Services and First-Aid ....................................................................... 70

Ionizing Radiation ........................................................................................... 70

Nonionizing Radiation..................................................................................... 70

Gases, Vapors, Fumes, Dusts, and Mists ......................................................... 70

Hazard Communication ................................................................................... 70

Methylenedianiline .......................................................................................... 71

Lead in Construction ....................................................................................... 71

Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals ....................... 72

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response ................................. 72

Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment ........................................ 72

Hearing Protection ........................................................................................... 72

Respiratory Protection ..................................................................................... 72

Fire Protection and Prevention .................................................................... 72

Fire Protection ................................................................................................. 72

Signs, Signals, and Barricades...................................................................... 72

Signaling .......................................................................................................... 72

Tools—Hand and Power ............................................................................... 72

Powder-Operated Hand Tools.......................................................................... 72

Woodworking Tools......................................................................................... 73

Welding and Cutting ..................................................................................... 73

Gas Welding and Cutting ................................................................................. 73

Arc Welding and Cutting ................................................................................. 74

Fire Prevention ................................................................................................ 75

Welding, Cutting, and Heating In Way of Preservative Coatings ................... 75

Electrical ......................................................................................................... 75

Ground Fault Protection .................................................................................. 75

Scaffolding ...................................................................................................... 75

Scaffolding—Training Requirements .............................................................. 75

Fall Protection ................................................................................................ 76

Fall Protection—Training Requirements......................................................... 76

Page

Construction Training Requirements

Subpart M
16

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors.................................. 76

Cranes and Derricks......................................................................................... 76

Material Hoists, Personnel Hoists, and Elevators............................................ 77

Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations........... 77

Material Handling Equipment ......................................................................... 77

Site Clearing .................................................................................................... 77

Excavations .................................................................................................... 77

General Protection Requirements .................................................................... 77

Concrete and Masonry Construction .......................................................... 78

Concrete and Masonry Construction ............................................................... 78

Steel Erection ................................................................................................. 78

Bolting, Riveting, Fitting-up, and Plumbing-up .............................................. 78

Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams, and

Compressed Air.............................................................................................. 78

Underground Construction .............................................................................. 78

Compressed Air ............................................................................................... 80

Demolition ...................................................................................................... 80

Preparatory Operations .................................................................................... 80

Chutes .............................................................................................................. 81

Mechanical Demolition ................................................................................... 81

Blasting and Use of Explosives ..................................................................... 81

General Provisions........................................................................................... 81

Blaster Qualifications ...................................................................................... 81

Surface Transportation of Explosives .............................................................. 81

Firing the Blast ................................................................................................ 82

Power Transmission and Distribution ......................................................... 82

General Requirements ..................................................................................... 82

Overhead Lines ................................................................................................ 83

Underground Lines .......................................................................................... 83

Construction in Energized Substations ............................................................ 83

Stairways and Ladders.................................................................................. 83

Ladders ............................................................................................................ 83

Training Requirements .................................................................................... 83

Diving .............................................................................................................. 84

Commercial Diving Operations ....................................................................... 84

Toxic and Hazardous Substances ................................................................. 84

Asbestos ........................................................................................................... 84

13 Carcinogens ................................................................................................ 84

Subpart P

Subpart S

Subpart R

Subpart U

Subpart Z

Subpart Q

Subpart T

Subpart V

Page

Subpart N

Subpart O

Subpart Y

Subpart X
17

Vinyl Chloride ................................................................................................. 85

Inorganic Arsenic ............................................................................................. 85

Cadmium ......................................................................................................... 85

Benzene ........................................................................................................... 85

Coke Oven Emissions...................................................................................... 85

1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane ........................................................................ 85

Acrylonitrile..................................................................................................... 85

Ethylene Oxide ................................................................................................ 85

Formaldehyde .................................................................................................. 85

Methylene Chloride ......................................................................................... 85

Page

Subpart Z

Construction Training Requirements
18

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Subpart B

Subpart C

Page

29 CFR Part 1928

Applicability of Standards ............................................................................ 86

Temporary Labor Camps ................................................................................. 86

Logging............................................................................................................ 86

Hazard Communication ................................................................................... 86

Cadmium ......................................................................................................... 86

Roll-Over Protective Structures ................................................................... 86

Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for tractors used in

 agricultural operations ................................................................................... 86

Safety for Agricultural Equipment .............................................................. 86

Guarding of farm field equipment, farmstead equipment, and cotton gins ..... 86

Occupational Health ...................................................................................... 87

Cadmium ......................................................................................................... 87

Agricultural Training Requirements

Subpart D

Subpart M
19

29 CFR Part 1960

Financial Management.................................................................................. 88

Inspection and Abatement ............................................................................ 88

Qualifications of Safety and Health Inspectors and Agency Inspections ........ 88

General Services Administration and Other Federal Agencies................. 88

Safety and Health Services .............................................................................. 88

Occupational Safety and Health Committees ............................................. 88

Agency Responsibilities .................................................................................. 88

Training of:

Top Management ............................................................................................. 88

Supervisors ...................................................................................................... 88

Safety and Health Specialists .......................................................................... 89

Safety and Health Inspectors ........................................................................... 89

Collateral Duty Safety and Health Personnel and Committee Members ........ 89

Employees and Employee Representatives ..................................................... 89

Training Assistance.......................................................................................... 90

Federal Safety and Health Councils............................................................. 90

Role of the Secretary ....................................................................................... 90

Objectives of Field Councils ........................................................................... 90

Federal Employee Programs Training Requirements

Federal Employee Programs Training Requirements

Subpart B

Subpart D

Subpart E

Subpart F

Subpart H

Subpart K

 Page
20

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29,

Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910. Note that additional training

requirements may appear in certain other standards (ANSI, NFPA, etc.)

adopted by reference in Part 1910 and therefore mandatory.

General Industry Training Requirements

Employee Emergency

Plans and Fire

Prevention Plans

1910.38(a)(5)(i), (ii)(a)

through (c) and (iii)

1910.38(b)(4)(i) and (ii)

Powered Platforms

for Building

Maintenance—

Operations Training

1910.66(i), (ii) and

(ii)(A) through (E), and

(iii) through (v)

Subject and Standard

Number

Training Requirement

(i) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer shall designate and train a sufficient number of persons to assist in the safe and orderly

emergency evacuation of employees.

(ii) The employer shall review the plan with each employee covered by the

plan at the following times:

(a) Initially when the plan is developed,

(b) Whenever the employee’s responsibilities or designated actions under the

plan change, and

(c) Whenever the plan is changed.

(iii) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial assignment

those parts of the plan which the employee must know to protect the employee

in the event of an emergency. The written plan shall be kept at the workplace

and made available for employee review. For those employers with 10 or fewer

employees the plan may be communicated orally to employees and the

employer need not maintain a written plan.

(i) The employer shall apprise employees of the fire hazards of the materials

and processes to which they are exposed.

(ii) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial assignment

those parts of the fire prevention plan which the employee must know to protect

the employee in the event of an emergency. The written plan shall be kept in the

workplace and made available for employee review. For those employers with

10 or fewer employees, the plan may be communicated orally to employees and

the employer need not maintain a written plan.

(i) Working platforms shall be operated only by persons who are proficient in

the operation, safe use and inspection of the particular working platform to be

operated.

(ii) All employees who operate working platforms shall be trained in the

following:

(A) Recognition of, and preventive measures for, the safety hazards

associated with their individual work tasks.

(B) General recognition and prevention of safety hazards associated with the

use of working platforms, including the provisions in the section relating to the

particular working platform to be operated.

(C) Emergency action plan procedures required in paragraph (e)(9) of this

section.

(D) Work procedures required in paragraph (i)(1)(iv) of this section.

(E) Personal fall arrest system inspection, care, use and system performance.
21

(iii) Training of employees in the operation and inspection of working

platforms shall be done by a competent person.

(iv) Written work procedures for the operation, safe use and inspection of

working platforms shall be provided for employee training. Pictorial methods of

instruction, may be used, in lieu of written work procedures, if employee communication is improved using this method. The operating manuals supplied by

manufacturers for platform system components can serve as the basis for these

procedures.

(v) The employer shall certify that employees have been trained in operating

and inspecting a working platform by preparing a certification record which

includes the identity of the person trained, the signature of the employer or the

person who conducted the training and the date that training was completed. The

certification record shall be prepared at the completion of the training required in

paragraph (i)(1)(ii) of this section, and shall be maintained in a file for the

duration of the employee’s employment. The certification record shall be kept

readily available for review by the Assistant Secretary of Labor or the Assistant

Secretary’s representative.

(9) Before using a personal fall arrest system, and after any component or

system is changed, employees shall be trained in accordance with the

requirements of paragraph 1910.66(i)(1), in the safe use of the system.

 (9) Personal protection. (i) All employees working in and around opensurface tank operations must be instructed as to the hazards of their respective

jobs, and in the personal protection and procedures applicable to these hazards.

(vi) Respirators shall be used in accordance with § 1910.134, and persons who

may require them shall be trained in their use.

(v) If, in emergencies, such as rescue work, it is necessary to enter a tank

which may contain a hazardous atmosphere, suitable respirators, such as selfcontained breathing apparatus; hose mask with blower, if there is a possibility of

oxygen deficiency; or a gas mask, selected and operated in accordance with

paragraph (d)(9)(vi) of this section, shall be used. If a contaminant in the tank

can cause dermatitis, or be absorbed through the skin, the employee entering the

tank shall also wear protective clothing. At least one trained standby employee,

with suitable respirator, shall be present in the nearest uncontaminated area. The

standby employee must be able to communicate with the employee in the tank

and be able to haul him out of the tank with a lifeline if necessary.

(4) The employer shall provide training in the use and care of all hearing

protectors provided to employees.

(1) The employer shall institute a training program for all employees who are

exposed to noise at or above an 8-hour time weighted average of 85 decibels,

and shall ensure employee participation in such program.

(2) The training program shall be repeated annually for each employee included in the hearing conservation program. Information provided in the training

program shall be updated to be consistent with changes in protective equipment

and work processes.

(3) The employer shall ensure that each employee is informed of the

 following:

(i) The effects of noise on hearing;

General Industry Training Requirements

Inspection,

Maintenance and

Installation

1910.94(d)(11)(v)

Care and Use Appendix

C, Sec. I(e)(9)

Dip Tanks—Personal

Protection

1910.94(d)(9)(i)

1910.94(d)(9)(vi)

Training Program

1910.95(k)(1) through

(3)(i) through (iii)

Hearing Protection

1910.95(i)(4)
22

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(ii) The purpose of hearing protectors, the advantages, disadvantages, and

attenuation of various types, and instructions on selection, fitting, use, and care;

and

(iii) The purpose of audiometric testing, and an explanation of the test

procedures.

(2) That detailed printed instructions of what to do in flood emergencies are

properly posted.

 (3) That station operators and other employees depended upon to carry out such

instructions are thoroughly informed as to the location and operation of such valves

and other equipment necessary to effect these requirements.

(i) Vehicles transporting explosives shall only be driven by and be in the charge of

a driver who is familiar with the traffic regulations, State laws, and the provisions of

this section.

(iii) Every motor vehicle transporting any quantity of Class A or Class B explosives shall, at all times, be attended by a driver or other attendant of the motor carrier.

This attendant shall have been made aware of the class of the explosive material in

the vehicle and of its inherent dangers, and shall have been instructed in the measures and procedures to be followed in order to protect the public from those dangers. He shall have been made familiar with the vehicle he is assigned, and shall be

trained, supplied with the necessary means, and authorized to move the vehicle when

required.

(iii)(a) The operator shall be trained in the safe operation of the vehicle together

with its mixing, conveying, and related equipment. The employer shall assure that

the operator is familiar with the commodities being delivered and the general

procedure for handling emergency situations.

(ii) Vehicles transporting blasting agents shall only be driven by and be in charge

of a driver in possession of a valid motor vehicle operator’s license. Such a person

shall also be familiar with the States vehicle and traffic laws.

(iii) The operator shall be trained in the safe operation of the vehicle together with

its mixing, conveying, and related equipment. He shall be familiar with the commodities being delivered and the general procedure for handling emergency

situations.

(16) Instructions. Personnel performing installation, removal, operation, and

maintenance work shall be properly trained in such functions.

(i) When standard watch service is provided, it shall be extended to the LP-Gas

installation and personnel properly trained.

(ii) The employer shall insure that unloading operations are performed by reliable

persons properly instructed and given the authority to monitor careful compliance

with all applicable procedures.

(g) Training. (1) Initial training. (i) Each employee presently involved in operating a process, and each employee before being involved in operating a newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of the process and in the operating

procedures as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. The training shall include

emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards, emergency operations including

shutdown, and safe work practices applicable to the employee’s job tasks.

Flammable and

Combustible Liquids

1910.106(b)(5)(v)(2)

and (3)

Explosive and Blasting

Agents

1910.109(d)(3)(i) and

(iii)

1910.109(g)(3)(iii)(a)

1910.109(g)(6)(ii)

Bulk Delivery and

MixingVehicles

1910.109(h)(3)(d)(iii)

Process Safety

Management of Highly

Hazardous Chemicals

1910.119(g)(1)(i) and

(ii)

Storage and Handling of

Liquefied Petroleum

Gases 1910.110(b)(16)

and 1910.110(d)(12)(i)

1910.111(b)(13)(ii)
23

(ii) In lieu of initial training for those employees already involved in operating a

process on May 26, 1992, an employer may certify in writing that the employee has

the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and

responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.

(2) Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at least every

three years, and more often if necessary, to each employee involved in operating

a process to assure that the employee understands and adheres to the current

operating procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the

employees involved in operating the process, shall determine the appropriate

frequency of refresher training.

(3) Training documentation. The employer shall ascertain that each employee

involved in operating a process has received and understood the training required

by this paragraph. The employer shall prepare a record which contains the

identity of the employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that

the employee understood the training.

(3) Contract employer responsibilities. (i) The contract employer shall assure

that each contract employee is trained in the work practices necessary to perform

his/her job.

(ii) The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is instructed in the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to

his/her job and the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency

action plan.

(iii) The contract employer shall document that each contract employee has

received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The contract

employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract

employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee

understood the training.

(iv) The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee follows

the safety rules of the facility including the safe work practices required by

paragraph (f)(4) of this section.

(3) Training for process maintenance activities. The employer shall train

each employee involved in maintaining the ongoing integrity of process equipment in an overview of that process and its hazards and in the procedures applicable to the employee’s job tasks to assure that the employee can perform the job

tasks in a safe manner.

(e) Training (1) General (i) All employees working on site (such as but not

limited to equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards and their supervisors and

management responsible for the site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this paragraph before they are permitted to engage in hazardous waste

operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health

hazards, and they shall receive review training as specified in this paragraph.

(ii) Employees shall not be permitted to participate in or supervise field activities until they have been trained to a level required by their job function and

responsibility.

General Industry Training Requirements

Contract Employer

Responsibilities

1910.119(h)(3)(i)

through (iv)

1910.119(g)(2)

1910.119(g)(3)

Mechanical Integrity

1910.119(j)(3)

Hazardous Waste

Operations and

Emergency Response

1910.120(e)(1)(i) and

(ii); (2)(i) through (vii);

(3)(i) through (iv) and

(4) through (9)
24

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(2) Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover the

following:

(i) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health;

(ii) Safety, health and other hazards present on the site;

(iii) Use of personal protective equipment;

(iv) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards;

(v) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site;

(vi) Medical surveillance requirements, including recognition of symptoms

and signs which might indicate overexposure to hazards; and

(vii) The contents of paragraphs (G) through (J) of the site safety and health

plan set forth in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section.

(3) Initial training. (i) General site workers (such as equipment operators,

general laborers and supervisory personnel) engaged in hazardous substance

removal or other activities which expose or potentially expose workers to hazardous substances and health hazards shall receive a minimum of 40 hours of

instruction off the site, and a minimum of three days actual field experience

under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(ii) Workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited task (such as, but

not limited to, ground water monitoring, land surveying, or geophysical surveying) and who are unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure limits and

published exposure limits shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off

the site, and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct

supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iii) Workers regularly on site who work in areas which have been monitored

and fully characterized indicating that exposures are under permissible exposure

limits and published exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the

characterization indicates that there are no health hazards or the possibility of an

emergency developing, shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off

the site and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct

supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iv) Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by paragraphs

(e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section, and who become general site workers or

who are required to wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and two

days of training necessary to total the training specified in paragraph (e)(3)(i)(4).

(4) Management and supervisor training. Onsite management and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees engaged in, hazardous

waste operations shall receive 40 hours initial training, and three days of supervised field experience the training may be reduced to 24 hours and one day if the

only area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii)

and (e)(3)(iii) and at least eight additional hours of specialized training at the

time of job assignment on such topics as, but not limited to, the employer’s

safety and health program and the associated employee training program, personal protective equipment program, spill containment program, and health

hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.

(5) Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct employees about the subject matter that is being presented in training. Such trainers

shall have satisfactorily completed a training program for teaching the subjects
25

they are expected to teach, or they shall have the academic credentials and

instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. Instructors shall

demonstrate competent instructional skills and knowledge of the applicable

subject matter.

(6) Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received and

successfully completed the training and field experience specified in paragraphs

(e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall be certified by their instructor or the

head instructor and trained supervisor as having successfully completed the

necessary training. A written certificate shall be given to each person so

certified. Any person who has not been so certified or who does not meet the

requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section shall be prohibited from

engaging in hazardous waste operations.

(7) Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding to

hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste cleanup sites that may

expose them to hazardous substances shall be trained in how to respond to such

expected emergencies.

(8) Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this

section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this

section, shall receive eight hours of refresher training annually on the items

specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) of this section, critiques of incidents

that have occurred in the past year that can serve as training examples of any

related work, and other relevant topics.

(9) Equivalent training. Employers who can show by documentation or

certification that an employee’s work experience and/or training has resulted in

training equivalent to that training required in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of

this section shall not be required to provide the initial training requirements of

those paragraphs to such employees. However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific

training before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience at the

new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training or the training that

existing employees might have already received from actual hazardous waste

site work experience.

 However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a

site shall receive appropriate, site specific training before site entry and have

appropriate supervised field experience at the new site. Equivalent training

includes any academic training or the training that existing employees might

have already received from actual hazardous waste site work experience.

2. Training. The training program for employees subject to the requirements

of paragraph (e) of this standard should address: the safety and health hazards

employees should expect to find on hazardous waste clean up sites; what control

measures or techniques are effective for those hazards; what monitoring procedures are effective in characterizing exposure levels; what makes an effective

employer safety and health program; what a site safety and health plan should

include; hands-on training with personal protective equiipment and clothing they

may be expected to use; the contents of the OSHA standards relevant to the

employee’s duties and functions; and, employee’s responsibilities under OSHA

and other regulations.

General Industry Training Requirements

Hazardous Waste

Cleanup Workers

1910.120 Appendix C
26

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(i) The employer shall develop and implement procedures for the introduction

of effective new technologies and equipment developed for the improved protection of employees working with hazardous waste clean up operations, and the

same shall be implemented as part of the site safety and health program to assure

that employee protection is being maintained.

(iii) Training. (A) Training for emergency response employees shall be completed before they are called upon to perform in real emergencies. Such training

shall include the elements of the emergency response plan, standard operating

procedures the employer has established for the job, the personal protective

equipment to be worn and procedures for handling emergency

incidents.

Note: Exception #1: An employer need not train all employees to the degree

specified if the employer divided the work force in a manner such that a sufficient

number of employees who have responsibility to control emergencies have the

training specified, and all other employees, who may first resond to an emergency

incident, have sufficient awareness training to recognize that an emergency response

situation exists and that they are instructed in that case to summon the fully trained

employees and not attempt control activities for which they are not trained.

Note: Exception #2: An employer need not train all employees to the degree

specified if arrangements have been made in advance for an outside fully trained

emergency response team to respond in a reasonable period and all employees, who

may come to the incident first, have sufficient awareness training to recognize that an

emergency response situation exists and they have been instructed to call the

designated outside, fully trained emergency response team for assistance.

(B) Employee members of TSD facility emergency response organizations shall

be trained to a level of competnce in the reconition of health and safety hazards to

protect themselves and other employees. This would include training in the methods

used to minimize the risk from safety and health hazards; in the safe use of control

equipment; in the selection and use of appropriate personal protective equipment; in

the safe operating procedures to be used at the incident scene; in the techniques of

coordination with other employees to minimize risks; in the appropriate response to

overexposure from health hazards or injury to themselves and other employees; and

in the recognition of subsequent symptoms which may result from overexposures.

(C) The employer shall certify that each covered employee has attended and

successfully completed the training required in paragraph (p)(8)(iii) of this section, or

shall certify the employee’s competency at least yearly. The method used to demonstrate competency for certification of training shall be recorded and maintained by

the employer.

(i) New employees. The employer shall develop and implement a training program, which is part of the employer’s safety and health program, for employees

exposed to health hazards or hazardous substances at TSD operations to enable the

employees to perform their assigned duties and functions in a safe and healthful

manner so as not to endanger themselves or other employees. The initial training

shall be for 24 hours and refresher training shall be for eight hours annually. Employees who have received the initial training required by this paragraph shall be given a

written certificate attesting that they have successfully completed the necessary

training.

1910.120(p)(7)(i)

through (iii)

Hazardous Waste

Operations—Emergency Responders

1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(A)

through (C)

New Technology

Programs

1910.120(o)(i)
27

(ii) Current employees. Employers who can show by an employee’sprevious work

experience and/or training that the employee has had training equivalent to the initial

training required by this paragraph, shall be considered as meeting the initial training

requirements of this paragraph as to that employee. Equivalent training includes the

training that existing employees might have already received from actual site work

experience. Current employees shall receive eight hours of refresher training

annually.

(iii) Trainers. Trainers who teach initial training shall have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach or they

shall have the academic credentials and instruction experience necessary to

demonstrate a good command of the subject matter of the courses and competent

instructional skills.

(iii) Training. (A) Training for emergency response employees shall be completed before they are called upon to perform in real emergencies. Such training

shall include the elements of the emergency response plan, standard operating

procedures the employer has established for the job, the personal protective

equipment to be worn, and procedures for handling emergency incidents.

(4) Skilled support personnel. Personnel, not necessarily an employer’s own

employees, who are skilled in the operation of certain equipment, such as mechanized earth moving or digging equipment or crane and hoisting equipment, and

who are needed temporarily to perform immediate emergency support work that

cannot reasonably be performed in a timely fashion by an employer’s own

employees, and who will be or may be exposed to the hazards at an emergency

response scene, are not required to meet the training required in this paragraph

for the employer’s regular employees. However, these personnel shall be given

an initial briefing at the site prior to their participation in any emergency response. The initial briefing shall include instruction in the wearing of appropriate

personal protective equipment, what chemical hazards are involved, and what

duties are to be performed. All other appropriate safety and health precautions

provided to the employer’s own employees shall be used to assure the safety and

health of these personnel.

(5) Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their regular job

duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of specific hazardous substances,

and who will be called upon to provide technical advice or assistance at a hazardous substance release incident to the individual in charge, shall receive training or demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization annually.

(6) Training. Training shall be based on the duties and function to be performed by each responder of an emergency response organization. The skill and

knowledge levels required for all new responders, those hired after the effective

date of this standard, shall be conveyed to them through training before they are

permitted to take part in actual emergency operations on an incident. Employees

who participate, or are expected to participate in emergency response, shall be

given training in accordance with the following paragraphs:

(i) First responder awareness level. First responders at the awareness level

are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance

release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by

notifying the proper authorities of the release. First responders at the awareness

General Industry Training Requirements

1910.120(q)(4)

1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(A)

1910.120(q)(5)

1910.120(q)(6)(i)(A)

through (F); (iii)(A)

Through I; (iv)(A)

through (I); (v)(A)

through (F)
28

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

level shall have sufficient training or have had sufficient experience to

objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas:

(A) An understanding of what hazardous substances are, and the risks

associated with them in an incident.

(B) An understanding of the potential outcomes associated with an emergency

created when hazardous substances are present.

(C) The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous substances in an

emergency.

(D) The ability to identify the hazardous substances, if possible.

(E) An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual in

the employer’s emergency response plan including site security and control and

the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook.

(F) The ability to realize the need for additional resources, and to make

appropriate notifications to the communications center.

(ii) First responder operations level. First responders at the operations level

are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting

nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release.

They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop

the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it

from spreading, and prevent exposures. First responders at the operational level

shall have received at least eight hours of training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas in addition to

those listed for the awareness level and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(B) Know how to select and use proper personal protective equipment

provided to the first responder operational level

(C) An understanding of basic hazardous materials terms.

(D) Know how to perform basic control, containment and/or confinement

operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective

equipment available with their unit.

(E) Know how to implement basic decontamination procedures.

(F) An understanding of the relevant standard operating procedures and

termination procedures.

(iii) Hazardous materials technician. Hazardous materials technicians are

individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of

stopping the release. They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder

at the operations level in that they will approach the point of release in order to

plug, patch or otherwise stop the release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous

materials technicians shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the

first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following

areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency response plan.

(C) Be able to function within an assigned role in the Incident Command

System
29

(D) Know how to select and use proper specialized chemical personal

protective equipment provided to the hazardous materials technician.

(E) Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(F) Be able to perform advance control, containment, and/or confinement

operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective

 equipment available with the unit.

(G) Understand and implement decontamination.

(H) Understand termination procedures.

(I) Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and behavior

(iv) Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials specialists are

individuals who respond with and provide support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, however,

those duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist

would also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government

authorities in regards to site activities. Hazardous materials specialists shall have

received at least 24 hours of training equal to the technician level and in addition

have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.

(B) Understand classification, identification and verification of known and

unknown materials by using advanced survey instruments and equipment.

(C) Know of the state emergency response plan.

(D) Be able to select and use proper specialized chemical personal protective

equipment provided to the hazardous materials specialist.

(E) Understand in-depth hazard and risk techniques.

(F) Be able to perform specialized control, containment, and/or confinement

operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective

equipment available.

(G) Be able to determine and implement decontamination procedures.

(H) Have the ability to develop a site safety and control plan.

(I) Understand chemical, radiological and toxicological terminology and

behavior.

(v) On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who will assume

control of the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level, shall

receive at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level

and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall

so certify:

(A) Know and be able to implement the employer’s incident command

 system.

(B) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency response plan.

(C) Know and understand the hazards and risks associated with employees

working in chemical protective clothing.

(D) Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.

General Industry Training Requirements
30

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(E) Know of the state emergency response plan and of the Federal Regional

Response Team.

(F) Know and understand the importance of decontamination procedures.

(7) Trainers. Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shall have

satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are

expected to teach, such as the courses offered by the U.S. National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/or academic credentials and instructional

experience necessary to demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good

command of the subject matter of the courses they are to teach.

(f) Training. (1) The employer shall provide training to each employee who is

required by this section to use PPE. Each such employee shall be trained to

know at least the following:

(i) When PPE is necessary;

(ii) What PPE is necessary;

(iii) How to properly don, doff, adjust and wear PPE;

(iv) The limitations of the PPE; and,

(v) The proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE.

(2) Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training

specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and the ability to use PPE properly

before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

(3) When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who

has already been trained does not have the understanding and skill required by

paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the employer shall retrain each such employee.

Circumstances where retraining is required include, but are not limited to,

situations where:

(i) Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete, or

(ii) Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete; or

(iii) Inadequacies in an affected employee’s knowledge or use of assigned PPE

indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

(4) The employer shall verify that each affected employee has received and

understood the required training through a written certification that contains the

name of each employee trained, the date(s) of training, and that identifies the

subnject of the certification.

(k) Training and information. (1) The employer shall ensure that each

employee can demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:

(i) Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, usage, or

maintenance can compromise the protective effect of the respirator;

(ii) What the limitations and capabilities of the respirator are;

(iii) How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including

situations in which the respirator malfunctions;

(iv) How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals of the

respirator;

(v) What the procedures are for maintenance and storage of the respirator;

1910.120(q)(7)

Personal Protective

Equipment

1910.132(f)(1)(i)

through (v); (2), (3)(i)

through (iii) and (4)

Respiratory Protection

1910.134(k)(1)(i)

through (vii); (2), (3),

and (5)(i) through (iii)
31

(vi) How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent

the effective use of respirators; and

vii) The general requirements of this section.

(2) Training shall be conducted in a manner that is understandable to the

employee.

(3) The employer shall provide the training prior to requiring the employee to

use a respirator in the workplace.

(5) Retraining shall be administered annually and when the following

situations occur:

(i) Changes in the workplace or the type of respirator render previous training

obsolete;

ii) Inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use of the respirator indicate that

the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill; or

(iii) Any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary to ensure safe

respirator use.

(3) The employee shall use the provided respiratory protection in accordance with

instructions and training received.

(3) The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use of respirators and

their limitations.

(2) the correct respirator shall be specified for each job. The respirator type is

usually specified in the work procedures by a qualified individual supervising

the respiratory protective program. The individual issuing them shall be adequately instructed to insure that the correct respirator is issued. Each respirator

permanently assigned to an individual should be durably marked to indicate to

whom it was assigned. This mark shall not affect the respirator performance in

any way. The date of issuance should be recorded.

(3) Written procedures shall be prepared covering safe use of respirators in

dangerous atmospheres that might be encountered in normal operations or in

emergencies. Personnel shall be familiar with these procedures and the available

respirators.

(4) Respiratory protection is no better than the respirator in use, even though it

is worn conscientiously. Frequent random inspections shall be conducted by a

qualified individual to assure that respirators are properly selected, used,

cleaned, and maintained.

(5) For safe use of any respirator, it is essential that the user be properly

instructed in its selection, use, and maintenance. Both supervisors and workers

shall be so instructed by competent persons. Training shall provide the men an

opportunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted properly, test its face-piece-toface seal, wear it in normal air for a long familiarity period, and, finally, to wear

it in a test atmosphere.

(i) Every respirator wearer shall receive fitting instructions including demonstrations and practice in how the respirator should be worn, how to adjust it, and

how to determine if it fits properly. Respirators shall not be worn when conditions prevent a good face seal. Such conditions may be a growth of beard,

sideburns, a skull cap that projects under the facepiece, or temple pieces on

glasses. Also, the absence of one or both dentures can seriously affect the fit of a

General Industry Training Requirements

Respiratory Protection

for M Tuberculosis

1910.139(a)(3)

1910.139(b)(3)

1910.139(e)(2) through

(4) and (5)(i)
32

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

facepiece. The worker’s diligence in observing these factors shall be evaluated

by periodic check. To assure proper protection, the facepiece fit shall be checked

by the wearer each time he puts on the respirator. This may be done by following

the manufacturer’s facepiece fitting instructions.

(1) Adequate first-aid facilities approved by a health authority shall be maintained and made available in every labor camp for the emergency treatment of

injured persons.

(2) Such facilities shall be in charge of a person trained to administer first-aid

and shall be readily accessible for use at all times.

(1)(ii) All employees shall be instructed that danger signs indicate immediate

danger and that special precautions are necessary.

(2)(ii) All employees shall be instructed that caution signs indicate a possible

hazard against which proper precautions should be taken.

(3) Safety instruction signs. Safety instruction signs shall be used where there

is a need for general instructions and suggestions relative to safety measures.

(g) Training (1) The employer shall provide training so that all employees

whose work is regulated by this section acquire the understanding, knowledge,

and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned under this

section.

(2) Training shall be provided to each affected employee:

(i) Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section;

(ii) Before there is a change in assigned duties;

(iii) Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a

hazard about which an employee has not previously been trained;

(iv) Whenever the employer has reason to believe either that there are deviations from the permit space entry procedures required by paragraph (d)(3) of this

section or that there are inadequacies in the employees’ knowledge or use of

these procedures.

(3) The training shall establish employee proficiency in the duties required by

this section and shall introduce new or revised procedures, as necessary, for

compliance with this section.

(4) The employer shall certify that the training required by paragraphs (g)(1)

through (g)(3) of this section has been accomplished. The certification shall

contain each employee’s name, the signatures or initials of the trainers, and the

dates of training. The certification shall be available for inspection by

employees and their authorized representatives.

(k) Rescue and Emergency Services. (1) The following requirements apply

to employers who have employees enter permit required confined spaces to

perform rescue services.

(i) The employer shall ensure that each member of the rescue service is

provided with, and is trained to use properly, the personal protective equipment

and rescue equipment necessary for making rescues from permit required

confined spaces.

(ii) Each member of the rescue service shall be trained to perform the assigned rescue duties. Each member of the rescue service shall also receive the

training required of authorized entrants under paragraph (g) of this section.

(iii) Each member of the rescue service shall practice making permit space

rescues at least once every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue operations

Specifications for

Accident Prevention

Signs and Tags

1910.145(c)(1)(ii),

(2)(ii) and (3)

Permit Required

Confined Spaces

1910.146(g)(1) and

(2)(i) through(iv)(3)

and (4)and (k)(1)(i)

through (iv)

Temporary Labor Camps

1910.142(k)(1) and (2)
33

in which they remove dummies, mannekins, or actual persons from the actual

permit spaces or from representative permit spaces. Representative permit spaces

shall, with respect to opening size configuration, and accessibility,

simulate the types of permit spaces from which rescue is to be performed.

(iv) Each member of the rescue service shall be trained in basic first-aid and in

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). At least one member of the rescue service

holding current certification in first-aid and in CPR shall be available.

(ii) When other standards in this part require the use of lockout or tagout, they

shall be used and supplemented by the procedural and training requirements of

this section.

(4) Energy control procedure. (i) Procedures shall be developed, documented

and utilized for the control of potentially hazardous energy when employees are

engaged in the activities covered by this section.

(D) Where tagout is used for energy control, the periodic inspection shall

include a review, between the inspector and each authorized and affected employee, of that employee’s responsibilities under the energy control procedure

being inspected, and the elements set forth in paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of this section.

(7) Training and communication. (i) The employer shall provide training to

ensure that the purpose and function of the energy control program are understood by employees and that the knowledge and skills required for the safe

application, usage, and removal of energy controls are required by employees.

The training shall include the following:

(A) Each authorized employee shall receive training in the recognition of

applicable hazardous energy sources, the type and magnitude of the energy

available in the workplace, and the methods and means necessary for energy

isolation and control.

(B) Each affected employee shall be instructed in the purpose and use of the

energy control procedure.

(C) All other employees whose work operations are or may be in an area

where energy control procedures may be utilized, shall be instructed about the

procedure, and about the prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize

machines or equipment which are locked out or tagged out.

(ii) When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be trained in the

following limitations of tags:

(A) Tags are essentially warning devices affixed to energy isolating devices,

and do not provide the physical restraint on those devices that is provided by a

lock.

(B) When a tag is attached to an energy isolating means, it is not to be removed without authorization of the authorized person for it, and it is never to be

bypassed, ignored, or otherwise defeated.

(C) Tags must be legible and understandable by all authorized employees,

affected employees, and all other employees whose work operations are or may

be in the area, in order to be effective.

(D) Tags and their means of attachment must be made of materials which will

withstand the environmental conditions encountered in the workplace.

General Industry Training Requirements

The Control of

Hazardous Energy

(lockout/tagout)

1910.147(a)(3)(ii);

(4)(i)(D); (7)(i)(A)

through (C); (ii)(A)

through (F); (iii)(A)

through (C)(iv) and (8)
34

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(E) Tags may evoke a false sense of security, and their meaning needs to be

understood as part of the overall energy control program.

(F) Tags must be securely attached to energy isolating devices so that they

cannot be inadvertently or accidentally detached during use.

(iii) Employee retraining. (A) Retraining shall be provided for all authorized

and affected employees whenever there is a change in their job assignments, a

change in machines, equipment or processes that present a new hazard, or when

there is a change in the energy control procedures.

(B) Additional retraining shall also be conducted whenever a periodic inspection under paragraph (c)(6) of this section reveals, or whenever the employer has

reason to believe, that there are deviations from or inadequacies in the

knowledge or use of the energy control procedures.

(C) The retraining shall reestablish employee proficiency and introduce new

or revised control methods and procedures, as necessary.

(iv) The employer shall certify that employee training has been accomplished

and is being kept up to date. The certification shall contain each employee’s

name and dates of training.

(8) Energy isolation. Implementation of lockout or the tagout system shall be

performed only by authorized employees.

(3) Lockout or tagout devices removal. Each lockout or tagout device shall be

removed from each energy isolating device by the employee who applied the

device. Exception to paragraph (e)(3): When the authorized employee who

applied the lock-out or tagout device is not available to remove it, that device

may be removed under the direction of the employer, provided that specific

procedures and training for such removal have been developed, documented and

incorporated into the employer’s energy control program. The employer shall

demonstrate that the specific procedure provides equivalent safety to the removal

of the device by the authorized employee who applied it.

(i) The on-site employer shall ensure that his/her personnel understand and comply with restrictions and prohibitions of the outside employer’s energy control

procedures.

(a) The employer shall ensure the ready availability of personnel for advice and

consultation on matters of plant health.

(b) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the

workplace which is used for the treatment of all injured employees, a person or

persons shall be adequately trained to render first-aid. First-aid supplies

approved by the consulting physician shall be readily available.

(41) “Training” means the process of making proficient through instruction and

hands-on practice in the operation of equipment, including respiratory protection

equipment, that is expected to be used and in the performance of assigned duties.

(b) Organization—(1) Organizational statement. The employer shall prepare and

maintain a statement or written policy which establishes the existence of a fire

brigade; the basic organizational structure; the type, amount, and frequency of

training to be provided to fire brigade members; the expected number of members in

the fire brigade; and the functions that the fire brigade is to perform at the workplace. The organizational statement shall be available for inspection by the

Assistant Secretary and by employees or their designated representatives.

Lockout or Tagout

Devices Removed

1910.147(e)(3)

Outside Personnel

1910.147(f)(2)(i)

Medical Services and

First-Aid

1910.151(a) and (b)

Fire Protection

1910.155(c)(iv)(41)

Fire Brigades

1910.156(b)(1)
35

 (c) Training and education. (1) The employer shall provide training and

education for all fire brigade members commensurate with those duties and

functions that fire brigade members are expected to perform. Such training and

education shall be provided to fire brigade members before they perform fire

brigade emergency activities. Fire brigade leaders and training instructors shall

be provided with training and education which is more comprehensive than that

provided to the general membership of the fire brigade.

(2) The employer shall assure that training and education is conducted frequently enough to assure that each member of the fire brigade is able to perform

the member’s assigned duties and functions satisfactorily and in a safe manner so

as not to endanger fire brigade members or other employees. All fire brigade

members shall be provided with training at least annually. In addition, fire

brigade members who are expected to perform interior structural firefighting

shall be provided with an education session or training at least quarterly.

(3) The quality of the training and education program for fire brigade members

shall be similar to those conducted by such fire training schools as the Maryland

Fire and Rescue Institute; Iowa Fire Service Extension; West Virginia Fire

Service Extension; Georgia Fire Academy; New York State Department, Fire

Prevention and Control; Louisiana State University Firemen Training Program;

or Washington State’s Fire Service, Training Commission for

Vocational Education. (for example, for the oil refinery industry, with its unique

hazards, the training and education program for those fire brigade members shall

be similar to those conducted by Texas A & M University, Lamar University,

Reno Fire School, or the Delaware State Fire School).

(4) The employer shall inform fire brigade members about special hazards

such as storage and use of flammable liquids and gases, toxic chemicals, radioactive sources, and water reactive substances, to which they may be exposed

during fire and other emergencies. The fire brigade members shall also be advised of any changes that occur in relation to the special hazards. The employer

shall develop and make available for inspection by fire brigade members, written

procedures that describe the actions to be taken in situations involving the

special hazards and shall include these in the training and education

program.

(g) Training and education. (1) Where the employer has provided portable

fire extinguishers for employee use in the workplace, the employer shall also

provide an educational program to familiarize employees with the general principles of fire extinguisher use and the hazards involved with incipient stage

firefighting.

(2) The employer shall provide the education required in paragraph (g)(1) of

this section upon initial employment and at least annually thereafter.

(4) The employer shall provide the training required in paragraph (g)(3) of this

section upon initial assignment to the designated group of employees and at least

annually thereafter.

(vi) The employer shall designate trained persons to conduct all inspections

required under this section.

(10) The employer shall train employees designated to inspect, maintain,

operate, or repair fixed extinguishing systems and annually review their training

to keep them up-to-date in the functions they are to perform.

General Industry Training Requirements

Portable fire

Extinguishers

1910.157(g)(1), (2), and

(4)

Training and Education

1910.156(c)(1) through

(4)

Fixed Extinguishing

Systems

1910.160(b)(10)

1910.158(e)(2)(vi)
36

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(4) The employer shall assure that the servicing, maintenance and testing of

fire detection systems, including cleaning and necessary sensitivity adjustments,

are performed by a trained person knowledgeable in the operations and functions

of the system.

(d) Maintenance and testing. (5) The employer shall assure that the servicing, maintenance, and testing of employee alarms are done by persons trained in

the designed operation and functions necessary for reliable and safe operation of

the system.

(c) Employee training. (1) The employer shall provide a training program to

train all employees who service rim wheels in the hazards involved in servicing

those rim wheels and the safety procedures to be followed.

(i) The employer shall assure that no employee services any rim wheel unless

the employee has been trained and instructed in correct procedures of servicing

the rim type being serviced, and in procedures described in paragraphs (f) and

(g) of this section.

(ii) Information to be used in the training program shall include at a minimum, the applicable data contained in the charts, rim manuals, and the contents

of this standard.

(iii) Where an employer knows or has reason to believe that any of his employees is unable to read and understand the charts or rim manual, the employer

shall assure that the employee is instructed concerning the contents of the charts

and rim manual in a manner which the employee is able to understand.

(2) The employer shall assure that each employee demonstrates and maintains

the ability to service multi-piece rim wheels safely, including performance of the

following tasks:

(i) Demounting of tires (including deflation);

(ii) Inspection and identification of rim wheel components;

(iii) Mounting of tires (including inflation within a restraining device or other

safeguards required by this section);

(iv) Use of the restraining device or barrier, and other equipment required by

this section;

(v) Handling of rim wheels;

(vi) Inflation of tire when a single piece rim wheel is mounted on a vehicle;

(vii) An understanding of the necessity of standing outside the trajectory both

during the inflation of the tire and during inspection of the rim wheel following

inflation; and

(viii) Installation and removal of rim wheels.

(3) The employer shall evaluate each employee’s ability to perform these

tasks and to service rim wheels safely and shall provide additional training as

necessary to assure that each employee maintains his or her proficiency.

(f) Safe operating procedure—multi-piece rim wheels. The employer shall

establish a safe operating procedure for servicing multi-piece rim wheels and

shall assure that employees are instructed in and follow that procedure. The

procedure shall include at least the following elements:

Servicing of Multi-Piece

and Single-Piece Rim

Wheels

1910.177(c)(1)(i)

through (iii); (2)(i)

through (viii) and (3)

Includes single piece

wheels per Federal

Register of February 3,

1984 (pp. 4338-4352)

but not automobile or

truck tires marked “LT.”

Employee Alarm

Systems

1910.165(d)(5)

1910.177(f)(1); (2)(i)

and (ii) and (3) through

(11)

Fire Detection Systems

1910.164(c)(4)
37

(1) Tires shall be completely deflated before demounting by removal of the

valve core.

(2) Tires shall be completely deflated by removing the valve core before a rim

wheel is removed from the axle in either of the following situations:

(i) When the tire has been driven underinflated at 80% or less of its

recommended pressure, or

(ii) When there is obvious or suspected damage to the tire or wheel

components.

(3) Rubber lubricant shall be applied to bead and rim mating surfaces during

assembly of the wheel and inflation of the tire, unless the tire or wheel

manufacturer recommends against it.

(4) If a tire on a vehicle is underinflated but has more than 80% of the recommended pressure, the tire may be inflated while the rim wheel is on the vehicle

provided remote control inflation equipment is used, and no employees remain

in the trajectory during inflation.

(5) Tires shall be inflated outside a restraining device only to a pressure

sufficient to force the tire bead onto the rim ledge and create an airtight seal with

the tire and bead.

 (6) Whenever a rim wheel is in a restraining device the employee shall not

rest or lean any part of his body or equipment on or against the restraining

device.

(7) After tire inflation, the tire and wheel components shall be inspected while

still within the restraining device to make sure that they are properly seated and

locked. If further adjustment to the tire or wheel components is necessary, the

tire shall be deflated by removal of the valve core before the adjustment is made.

(8) No attempt shall be made to correct the seating of side and lock rings by

hammering, striking or forcing the components while the tire is pressurized.

(9) Cracked, broken, bent or otherwise damaged rim components shall not be

reworked, welded, brazed, or otherwise heated.

(10) Whenever multi-piece rim wheels are being handled, employees shall

stay out of the trajectory unless the employer can demonstrate that performance

of the servicing makes the employee’s presence in the trajectory necessary.

(11) No heat shall be applied to a multi-piece wheel or wheel component.

(g) Safe operating procedure—single piece rim wheels. The employer shall

establish a safe operating procedure for servicing single piece rim wheels and

shall assure that employees are instructed in and follow that procedure. The

procedure shall include at least the following elements:

(1) Tires shall be completely deflated by removal of the valve core before

demounting.

(2) Mounting and demounting of the tire shall be done only from the narrow

ledge side of the wheel. Care shall be taken to avoid damaging the tire beads

while mounting tires on wheels. Tires shall be mounted only on compatible

wheels of matching bead diameter and width.

(3) Nonflammable rubber lubricant shall be applied to bead and wheel mating

surfaces before assembly of the rim wheel, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer

recommends against the use of any rubber lubricant.

General Industry Training Requirements

1910.177(g)(1) through

(12)
38

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(4) If a tire changing machine is used, the tire shall be inflated only to the

minimum pressure necessary to force the tire bead onto the rim ledge while on

the tire changing machine.

(5) If a bead expander is used, it shall be removed before the valve core

installed and as soon as the rim wheel becomes airtight (the tire bead slips onto

the bead seat).

(6) Tires may be inflated only when contained within a restraining device,

positioned behind a barrier or bolted on the vehicle with the lug nuts fully

tightened.

(7) Tires shall not be inflated when any flat, solid surface is in the trajectory

and within one foot of the sidewall.

(8) Employees shall stay out of the trajectory when inflating a tire.

(9) Tires shall not be inflated to more than the inflation pressure stamped in

the sidewall unless a higher pressure is recommended by the manufacturer.

(10) Tires shall not be inflated above the maximum pressure recommended by

the manufacturer to seat the tire bead firmly against the rim flange.

(11) No heat shall be applied to a single piece wheel.

(12) Cracked, broken, bent, or otherwise damaged wheels shall not be

reworked, welded, brazed, or otherwise heated.

(l) Operator training. Only trained and authorized operators shall be permitted to operate a powered industrial truck. Methods shall be devised to train

operators in the safe operation of powered industrial trucks.

(ix) When two or more cranes are used to lift a load, one qualified responsible

person shall be in charge of the operation. He shall analyze the operation and

instruct all personnel involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the load, and

the movements to be made.

(3) Fire extinguishers. The employer shall insure that operators are familiar

with the operation and care of fire extinguishers provided.

 (ii) Operating and maintenance personnel shall be made familiar with the use

and care of the fire extinguishers provided.

(3) Training of maintenance personnel. It shall be the responsibility of the

employer to insure the original and continuing competence of personnel caring

for, inspecting, and maintaining power presses.

(2) Instruction to operators. The employer shall train and instruct the operator

in the safe method of work before starting work on any operation covered by this

section. The employer shall insure by adequate supervision that correct operating

procedures are being followed.

(2) Instruction to operators. The employer shall train and instruct the operator

in the safe method of work before starting work on any operation covered by this

section. The employer shall insure by adequate supervision that correct operating

procedures are being followed.

(3) Training of Maintenance personnel. It shall be responsibility of the

employer to insure the original and continuing competence of personnel caring

for, inspecting, and maintaining power presses.

Moving the Load

1910.179(n)(3)(ix)

Crawler Locomotives

and Truck Cranes

1910.180(i)(5)(ii)

1910.179(o)(3)

Mechanical Power

Presses

1910.217(e)(3)

Powered Industrial

Trucks

1910.178(1)

1910.217(f)(2)

Mechanical Power

Presses—Instructions

to Operators

1910.217(e)(2)

Training of Maintenance

personnel

1910.217(e)(3)
39

(i) The operator training required by paragraph (f)(2) of this section shall be

provided to the employee before the employee initially operates the press and as

needed to maintain competence, but not less than annually thereafter. It shall

include instruction relative to the following items for presses used in the PSDI

mode:

(A) The manufacturer’s recommended test procedures for checking operation

of the presence sensing device. This shall include the use of the test rod required

by paragraph (h)(10)(i) of this section.

(B) The safety distance required.

(C) The operation, function and performance of the PSDI mode.

(D) The requirements for hand tools that may be used in the PSDI mode.

(E) The severe consequences that can result if he or she attempts to circumvent or bypass any of the safeguard or operating functions of the PSDI system.

(ii) The employer shall certify that employees have been trained by preparing

a certification record which includes the identity of the person or the person who

conducted the training, and the date the training was completed. The certification

record shall be prepared at the completion of training and shall be maintained on

file for the duration of the employee’s employment. The certification record shall

be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational

Safety and Health.

(2) Inspection and maintenance. It shall be the responsibility of the employer

to maintain all forge shop equipment in a condition which will ensure continued

safe operation. This responsibility includes:

(iii) Training personnel for the proper inspection and maintenance of forging

machinery and equipment.

(xiii) Management. Management shall recognize its responsibility for the safe

usage of cutting and welding equipment on its property and:

(C) Insist that cutters or welders and their supervisors are suitably trained in

the safe operation of their equipment and the safe use of the process.

(4) Personnel. Workmen in charge of the oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipment, including generators, and oxygen or fuel-gas distribution piping systems

shall be instructed by their employers for this important work before being left in

charge. Rules and instructions covering the operation and maintenance of oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipment including generators, and oxygen or fuel-gas

distribution piping systems shall be readily available.

(3) Instruction. Workmen designated to operate arc welding equipment shall

have been properly instructed and qualified to operate such equipment as

specified in paragraph (d) of this section.

(3) Personnel. Workmen designated to operate resistance welding equipment

shall have been properly instructed and judged competent to operate such

 equipment.

(ii) Gas masks capable of absorbing chlorine shall be supplied, conveniently

placed, and regularly inspected, and workers who may be exposed to chlorine

gas shall be instructed in their use.

General Industry Training Requirements

Operator Training

1910.217(H)(13)(i)(A)

through (E) and (ii)

Welding, Cutting, and

Brazing—General

Requirements

1910.252(a)(2)(xiii)(C)

Oxygen—Fuel Gas

Welding and Cutting

1910.253(a)(4)

Arc Welding and Cutting

1910.254(a)(3)

Resistance Welding

1910.255(a)(3)

Pulp, Paper, and

Paperboard Mills

1910.261(h)(3)(ii)

Forging Machines

1910.218(a)(2)(iii)
40

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(v) Instruction of employees. Employees shall be properly instructed as to the

hazards of their work and be instructed in safe practices, by bulletins, printed

rules, and verbal instructions.

(x) Lift trucks. Lift trucks shall be designed, constructed, maintained, and

operated in accordance with the requirements of 1910.178.

(i)Training. (1) The employer shall provide training for each employee,

including supervisors, at no cost to the employee.

(2) Frequency. Training shall be provided as follows:

(i) As soon as possible but not later than the effective date of this section for

initial training for each current and new employee;

(ii) Prior to initial assignment for each new employee;

(iii) Whenever the employee is assigned new work tasks, tools, equipment,

machines, or vehicles; and,

(iv) Whenever an employee demonstrates unsafe job performance.

(3) Content. At a minimum, training shall consist of the following elements:

(i) Safe performance of assigned work tasks;

(ii) Safe use, operation, and maintenance of tools, machines, and vehicles the

employee uses or operates, including emphasis on understanding and following

the manufacturer’s instructions, warnings, and precautions;

(iii) Recognition of safety and health hazards associated with the employee’s

specific work tasks, including the use of measures and work practices to prevent

or control those hazards;

(iv) Recognition, prevention, and control of other safety and health hazards in

the logging industry;

(v) Procedures, practices, and requirements of the employer’s work site; and

(vi) The requirements of this standard.

(4) Training of an employee due to unsafe job performance, or assignment of

new work tasks, tools, equipment, machines, or vehicles may be limited to those

elements in paragraph (I)(3) of this section which are relevant to the

circumstances giving rise to the need for training.

(5) Portability of training. (i) Each current employee who has received

training in the particular elements specified in paragraph (i)(3) of this section

shall not be required to be retrained in those elements.

(ii) Each new employee who has received training in the particular elements

specified in paragraph (i)(3) of this section shall not be required to be retrained

in those elements prior to initial assignment.

(iii) The employer shall train each current and new employee in those

elements for which the employee has not received training.

(iv) The employer is responsible for ensuring that each current and new employee

can properly and safely perform the work tasks and operate the tools, equipment,

machines, and vehicles used in their job.

(6) Each new employee and each employee who is required to be trained as

specified in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, shall work under the close supervision of

a designated person until the employee demonstrates to the employer the ability to

safely perform the new duties independently.

Laundry Machinery and

Operating Rules

1910.264(d)(1)(v)

Sawmills

1910.265(c)(3)(x)

Logging

1910.266(i)(1) and

(2)(i) through (iv); (3)(i)

through (vi); (4) and

(5)(i) through (iv); (6)

and (7)(i) through (iii);

(8) and (9)
41

(7) First-aid training. (i) The employer shall assure that each employee, including

supervisors, receives or has received first-aid and CPR training meeting at least the

requirements specified in Appendix B of this standard.

(ii) The employer shall assure that each employee receives first-aid training at

least every three years and receives CPR training at least annually.

(iii) The employer shall assure that each employee’s first-aid and CPR training

and/or certificate of training remain current.

(8) All training shall be conducted by a designated person.

(9) The employer shall assure that all training required by this section is presented

in a manner that the employee is able to understand. The employer shall assure that

all training materials used are appropriate in content and vocabulary to the

educational level, literacy, and language skills of the employees being trained.

(i) Employees assigned to work with storage batteries shall be instructed in

emergency procedures such as dealing with accidental acid spills.

(c) Training. Employers shall provide training in the various precautions and safe

practices described in this section and shall insure that employees do not engage in

the activities to which this section applies until such employees have received proper

training in the various precautions and safe practices required by this section. However, where the employer can demonstrate that an employee is already trained in the

precautions and safe practices required by this section prior to his employment,

training need not be provided to that employee in accordance with this section.

Where training is required, it shall consist of on-the-job training or classroom-type

training or a combination of both. The employer shall certify that employees have

been trained by preparing a certification record which includes the identity of the

person trained, the signature of the employer or the person who conducted the

training, and the date the training was completed. The certification record shall be

prepared at the completion of training and shall be maintained on file for the duration

of the employee’s employment. The certification record shall be made available upon

request to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health. Such training

shall, where appropriate, include the following subjects:

(1) Recognition and avoidance of dangers relating to encounters with harmful

substances and animal, insect, or plant life;

(2) Procedures to be followed in emergency situations; and,

(3) First-aid training, including instruction in artificial respiration.

(D) Only persons trained in the operation of the derrick shall be permitted to

operate the derrick

(l) Cable fault locating and testing. (1) Employees involved in using high voltages to locate trouble or test cables shall be instructed in the precautions necessary

for their own safety and the safety of other employees.

(ii) While work is being performed in the manhole, a person with basic firstaid training shall be immediately available to render assistance if there is cause

for believing that a safety hazard exists, and if the requirements contained in

paragraphs (d)(1) and (o)(1)(i) of this section do not adequately protect the

employee(s).

General Industry Training Requirements

Telecommunications

1910.268(b)(2)(i)

1910.268(c)(1)

through (3)

Derrick Trucks

1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(D)

Cable Fault Locating

1910.268(l)(1)

Guarding Manholes

1910.268(o)(1)(ii)
42

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(3) Joint power and telecommunication manholes. While work is being

performed in a manhole occupied jointly by an electric utility and a telecommunication utility, an employee with basic first-aid training shall be available in the

immediate vicinity to render emergency assistance as may be required. The

employee whose presence is required in the immediate vicinity for the purposes

of rendering emergency assistance is not to be precluded from occasionally

entering a manhole to provide assistance other than in an emergency. The requirement of this paragraph (o)(3) does not preclude a qualified employee,

working alone, from entering for brief periods of time, a manhole where energized cables or equipment are in service, for the purpose of inspection, housekeeping, taking readings, or similar work if such work can be performed safely.

(ii) Employees engaged in line clearing operations shall be instructed that:

(A) A direct contact is made when any part of the body touches or contacts an

energized conductor, or other energized electrical fixture or apparatus.

(B) An indirect contact is made when any part of the body touches any object

in contact with an energized electrical conductor, or other energized fixture or

apparatus.

(C) An indirect contact can be made through conductive tools, tree branches,

trucks, equipment, or other objects, or as a result of communications wires,

cables, fences, or guy wires being accidentally energized.

(D) Electric shock will occur when an employee, by either direct or indirect

contact with an energized conductor, energized tree limb, tool, equipment, or

other object, provides a path for the flow of electricity to a grounded object or to

the ground itself. Simultaneous contact with two energized conductors will also

cause electric shock which may result in serious or fatal injury.

(ii) Only qualified employees or trainees, familiar with the special techniques

and hazards involved in line clearance, shall be permitted to perform the work if

it is found that an electrical hazard exists.

(iii) During all tree working operations aloft where an electrical hazard of

more than 750V exists, there shall be a second employee or trainee qualified in

line clearance tree trimming within normal voice communication.

(b) Medical services and first-aid. The employer shall provide medical

services and first-aid as required in Section 1910.151 of this part. In addition to

the requirements of Section 1910.151 of the Part, the following requirements

also apply:

(1) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first-aid training. When employees

are performing work on or associated with exposed lines or equipment energized

at 50 volts or more, persons trained in first-aid including cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR) shall be available as follows:

(i) For field work involving two or more employees at a work location, at

least two trained persons shall be available. However, only one trained person

need be available if all new employees are trained in first-aid, including CPR,

within 3 months of their hiring dates.

(ii) For fixed work locations such as generating stations, the number of

trained persons available shall be sufficient to ensure that each employee exposed to electric shock can be reached within 4 minutes by a trained person.

However, where the existing number of employees is insufficient to meet this

requirement (at a remote substation, for example), all employees at the work

location shall be trained.

1910.268(q)(2)(ii)

1910.268(q)(2)(iii)

Joint Power and

Telecommunication

Manholes

1910.268(o)(3)

Tree Trimming—

Electrical Hazards

1910.268(q)(1)(ii)(A)

through (D)

Electric Power

Generation,

Transmission, and

Distribution

1910.269(b)(1)(i) and

(ii); (d)(vi)(A) through

(C); (vii); (viii)(A)

through (C); and (ix)
43

(d) Hazardous energy control (lockout/tagout) procedures. (vi) The employer shall provide training to ensure that the purpose and function of the

energy control program are understood by employees and that the knowledge

and skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal of energy

controls are acquired by employees. The training shall include the following:

(A) Each authorized employee shall receive training in the recognition of

applicable hazardous energy sources, the type and magnitude of energy available

in the workplace, and in the methods and means necessary for energy isolation

and control.

(B) Each affected employee shall be instructed in the purpose and use of the

energy control procedure.

(C) All other employees whose work operations are or may be in an area

where energy control procedures may be used shall be instructed about the

procedures and about the prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize

machines or equipment that are locked out or tagged out.

(vii) When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be trained in the

limitation of tags.

(viii) Retraining shall be provided by the employer as follows:

(A) Retraining shall be provided for all authorized and affected employees

whenever there is a change in their job assignments, a change in machines,

equipment, or processes that present a new hazard or whenever there is a change

in the energy control procedures.

(B) Retraining shall also be conducted whenever a periodic inspection under

paragraph (d)(2)(v) of this section reveals, or whenever the employer has reason

to believe, there are deviations from or inadequacies in an employee’s

knowledge or use of the energy control procedures.

(C) The retraining shall reestablish employee proficiency and shall introduce

new or revised control methods and procedures, as necessary.

(e) Training. (1) The employer shall provide training to employees at least

annually and when changes in job assignment will expose them to new hazards.

Current employees, and new employees prior to starting work, shall be trained in

at least the following:

(i) General safety precautions associated with the facility, including recognition and preventive measures for the hazards related to dust accumulations and

common ignition sources such as smoking; and

(ii) Specific procedures and safety practices applicable to their job tasks

including but not limited to, cleaning procedures for grinding equipment, clearing procedures for choked legs, housekeeping procedures, hot work procedures,

preventive maintenance procedures and lock-out/tag-out procedures.

(2) Employees assigned special tasks, such as bin entry and handling of

flammable or toxic substances, shall be provided training to perform these tasks

safely.

(5) The employee acting as observer shall be trained in rescue procedures,

including notification methods for obtaining additional assistance.

(2) The employer shall explain the applicable provisions of the emergency

action plan to contractors.

General Industry Training Requirements

Grain Handling

Facilities

1910.272(e)(1)(i) and

(ii) and (2)

Entry into Bins, Silos, and

Tanks 1910.272(g)(5)

Contractors

1910.272(h)(2)
44

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(b) Content of training. (1) Practices addressed in this standard. Employees

shall be required by §§1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertain to their

respective job assignments.

(1) Each dive team member shall have the experience or training necessary to

perform assigned tasks in a safe and healthful manner.

(2) Each dive team member shall have experience or training in the following:

(i) The use of tools, equipment, and systems relevant to assigned tasks;

(ii) Techniques of the assigned diving mode; and

(iii) Diving operations and emergency procedures.

(3) All dive team members shall be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation

and first-aid (American Red Cross standard course or equivalent).

(4) Dive team members who are exposed to or control the exposure of others

to hyperbaric conditions shall be trained in diving related physics and

physiology.

(1) Each dive team member shall be assigned tasks in accordance with the

employee’s experience or training, except that limited additional tasks may be

assigned to an employee undergoing training provided that these tasks are

performed under the direct supervision of an experienced dive team member.

(2) The designated person-in-charge shall have experience and training in the

conduct of the assigned diving operation.

(j) Communication of hazards to employees. (7) Employee information and

training. (i) The employer shall institute a training program for all employees

who are exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos, tremolite, anthophylite,

actinolite, or a combination of these minerals at or above the action level and

ensure their participation in the program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment and

at least annually thereafter.

(iii) The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the employee

is able to understand. The employer shall ensure that each employee is informed

of the following:

(A) The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;

(B) The relationship between smoking and exposure;

(C) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and specific nature of

operations which could result in exposure to asbestos;

(D) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the

employee’s job assignment;

(E) The specific procedures implemented to protect employees from exposure

to asbestos, such as appropriate work practices, emergency and clean-up

 procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used;

(F) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators and protective

clothing;

(G) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program

required by paragraph (l) of this section;

(H) The content of this standard.

Qualifications of Dive

Team 1910.410(a)(1);

(2)(i) through (iii); (3)

and (4)

Content of Training

1910.332(b)(1)

1910.410(c)(2)

1910.410(b)(1)

Asbestos

1910.1001(j)(7)(i)

through (iii)(A)

through (H)
45

(i) Each employee prior to being authorized to enter a regulated area, shall

receive a training and indoctrination program including, but not necessarily

limited to:

(a) The nature of the carcinogenic hazards of N-Nitrobiphenyl, and others

listed at left, including local and systemic toxicity;

(b) The specific nature of the operation involving 4-Nitrobiphenyl which

could result in exposure;

(c) The purpose for and application of the medical surveillance program,

including, as appropriate, methods of self-examination;

(d) The purpose for and application of decontamination practices and

purposes;

(e) The purpose for and significance of emergency practices and procedures;

(f) The employee’s specific role in emergency procedures;

(g) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition and evaluation of

conditions and situations which may result in the release of 4-Nitrobiphenyl;

(h) The purpose for and application of specific first-aid procedures and

practices;

(i) A review of this section at the employee’s first training and indoctrination

program and annually thereafter.

(ii) Specific emergency procedures shall be prescribed, and posted, and employees shall be familiarized with their terms, and rehearsed in their application.

General Industry Training Requirements

4-Nitrobiphenyl

1910.1003(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

Alpha-Napthylamine

1910.1004(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

Methyl Chloromethyl

Ether

1910.1006(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

(and its salts)

1910.1007(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

Bis-Chloromethyl Ether

1910.1008(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

Beta-Naphthylamine

1910.1009(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

Benzidine

1910.1010(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

4-Aminodiphenyl

1910.1011(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

Ethyleneimine

1910.1012(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

Beta-Propiolactone

1910.1013(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

2-Acetylaminofluorene

1910.1014(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene

1910.1015(e)(5)(i)(a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

1910.1016(e)(5)(i) (a)

through (h)(i) and (ii)
46

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Vinyl Chloride

1910.1017(j)(1)(i)

through (ix)

(j) Training. Each employee engaged in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride

operations shall be provided training in a program relating to the hazards of

vinyl chloride and precautions for its safe use.

(1) The program shall include:

(i) The nature of the health hazard from chronic exposure to vinyl chloride

including specifically the carcinogenic hazard;

(ii) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl

chloride in excess of the permissible limit and necessary protective steps;

(iii) The purpose for, proper use of, and limitations of respiratory protective

devices;

(iv) The fire hazard and acute toxicity of vinyl chloride, and the necessary

protective steps;

(v) The purpose for and a description of the monitoring program;

(vi) The purpose for, and a description of, the medical surveillance program;

(vii) Emergency procedures;

(viii) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition of conditions

which may result in the release of vinyl chloride; and

(ix) A review of this standard at the employee’s first training and

indoctrination program, and annually thereafter.

(1) Training program. (i) The employer shall institute a training program for

all employees who are subject to exposure to inorganic arsenic above the action

level without regard to respirator use, or for whom there is a possibility of skin

or eye irritation from inorganic arsenic. The employer shall assure that those

employees participate in the training program.

(ii) The training program shall be provided by October 1, 1978, for employees

covered by this provision, at the time of initial assignment for those subsequently covered by this provision, and shall be repeated at least quarterly for

employees who have optional use of respirators and at least annually for other

covered employees thereafter, and the employer shall assure that each employee

is informed of the following:

(A) The information contained in Appendix A;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, storage, sources of exposure, and

the specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to inorganic

arsenic as well as any necessary protective steps;

(C) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators;

(D) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program as

required by paragraph (n) of this section;

(E) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the

employee’s job assignment; and

(F) A review of this standard.

(2) Access to training materials. (i) The employer shall make readily

available to all affected employees a copy of this standard and its appendices.

 (ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the

employee information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the

Director.

Inorganic Arsenic

1910.1018(o)(1)(i) and

(ii)(A) through (F) and

(2)(i) and (ii)
47

General Industry Training Requirements

(i) Each employer who has a workplace in which there is a potential exposure

to airborne lead at any level shall inform employees of the content of

Appendices A and B of this regulation.

(ii) The employer shall institute a training program for and assure the participation of all employees who are subject to exposure to lead at or above the

action level or for whom the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists.

(iii) The employer shall provide initial training by 180 days from the effective

date. Editor’s Note: OSHA’s lead standard became effective February 1, 1979

for those employees covered by paragraph (l)(1)(ii) on the standard’s effective

date and prior to the time of initial job assignment for those employees

subsequently covered by this paragraph.

(iv) The training program shall be repeated at least annually for each

 employee.

(v) The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the

 following:

(A) The content of this standard and its appendices;

(B) The specific nature of the operations which could result in exposure to

lead above the action level;

(C) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, use, and limitations of respirators;

(D) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program, and

the medical removal protection program including information concerning the

adverse health effects associated with excessive exposure to lead (with particular attention to the adverse reproductive effects on both males and females).

(E) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the

employee’s job assignment;

(F) The contents of any compliance plan in effect; and

(G) Instructions to employees that chelating agents should not routinely be

used to remove lead from their bodies and should not be used at all except under

the direction of a licensed physician;

(2) Access to information and training materials.

(i) The employer shall make readily available to all affected employees a

copy of this standard and its appendices.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the

employee information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the

Director.

(iii) In addition to the information required by paragraph (l)(1)(v), the employer shall include as part of the training program, and shall distribute to

employees, any materials pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Act,

the regulations issued pursuant to that Act, and this lead standard, which are

made available to the employer by the Assistant Secretary.

(4) Employee information and training. (i) The employer shall institute a

training program for all employees who are potentially exposed to cadmium,

assure employee participation in the program, and maintain a record of the

contents of such a program.

Cadmium

1910.1027(m)(4)(i)

through (iii) (A) through

(H) and (m)(4)(iv)(A)

and (B)

Lead

1910.1025(l)(1)(i)

through (v)(A) through

(G)(2)(i) through (iii)
48

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment to a job

involving potential exposure to cadmium and at least annually thereafter.

(iii) The employer shall make the training program understandable to the employee and assure that each employee is informed of the following:

(A) The health hazards associated with cadmium exposure, with special attention

to the information incorporated in appendix A of the standard;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and storage of cadmium in the

workplace and the specific nature of operations that could result in exposure to

cadmium, especially exposures above the permissible exposure limits (PELs);

(C) The engineering and work practices associated with the employee’s job

assignment;

(D) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from exposure to

cadmium, including modification of such habits as smoking and personal

hygiene, and specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure to cadmium such as appropriate work practices, emergency

procedures, and the provision of personal protective equipment;

(E) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, proper use, and limitations of respirators and protective clothing;

(F) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program

required by paragraph (l) of the standard’s training section;

(G) The contents of the training section and the appendices of the cadmium

standard;

(H) The employees’ rights of access to records under the Access to Employee

Exposure and Medical Records rule, 29 CFR 1910.20.

(m)(4)(iv) Additional access to information and training programs and

materials.

(A) The employer shall make a copy of this section and its appendices readily

available without cost to all affected employees and shall provide a copy if requested.

(B) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary or the Director, upon

request, all materials relating to the employee information program.

(3) Information and training. (i) The employer shall provide employees with

information and training at the time of their initial assignment to a work area where

benzene is present. If exposures are above the action level, employees shall be

provided with information and training at least annually thereafter.

(ii) The training program shall be in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR

1910.1200(h)(1) and (2), and shall include specific information on benzene for each

category of information included in that section.

(iii) In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 1910.1200, the employer shall:

(A) Provide employees with an explanation of the contents of this section, including Appendices A and B, and indicate to them where the standard is available; and,

(B) Describe the medical surveillance program required under paragraph (i) of

this section, and explain the information contained in Appendix C.

Benzene

1910.1028(j)(3)(i)

through (iii)(A) and (B)
49

(1) Training program. (i) The employer shall institute a training program for

employees who are employed in the regulated area and shall assure their

participation.

(ii) The training program shall be provided as of January 27, 1977 for

employees who are employed in the regulated area at that time or at the time of initial

assignment to a regulated area.

(iii) The training program shall be provided at least annually for all employees

who are employed in the regulated area, except that training regarding the occupational safety and health hazards associated with exposure to coke oven emissions and

the purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices shall be

provided at least quarterly until January 20, 1978.

(iv) The training program shall include informing each employee of:

(a) The information contained in the substance information sheet for coke oven

emissions (Appendix A);

(b) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices

required in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section;

(c) The purpose for and a description of the medical surveillance program required

by paragraph (j) of this section including information on the occupational safety and

health hazards associated with exposure to coke oven

emissions;

(d) A review of all written procedures and schedules required under paragraph (f)

of this section; and

(e) A review of this standard.

(2) Access to training materials. (i) The employer shall make a copy of this

standard and its appendices readily available to all employees who are employed in

the regulated area.

(ii) The employer shall provide upon request all materials relating to the employee

information and training program to the Secretary and the Director.

(2) Information and Training. (i) Employers shall ensure that all employees with

occupational exposure participate in a training program which must be provided at

no cost to the employee and during working hours.

(ii) Training shall be provided as follows:

(A) At the time of initial assignment to tasks where occupational exposure may

take place;

(B) Within 90 days after the effective date of the standard; and

(C) At least annually thereafter.

(iii) For employees who have received training on bloodborne pathogens in the

year preceding the effective date of the standard, only training with respect to the

provisions of the standard which were not included need be provided.

(iv) Annual training for all employees shall be provided within one year of their

previous training.

(v) Employers shall provide additional training when changes such as modification of tasks or procedures or institution of new tasks or procedures affect the

employee’s occupational exposure. The additional training may be limited to addressing the new exposures created.

General Industry Training Requirements

Bloodborne Pathogens

1910.1030(g)(2)(i);

(ii)(A) through (C); (iii)

through (vii)(A) through

(N); (viii) and (ix)(A)

through (C)

Coke Oven Emissions

1910.1029(k)(1)(i)

through (iv)(a) through

(e) and (k)(2)(i) and (ii)
50

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(vi) Material appropriate in content and vocabulary to educational level, literacy,

and language of employees shall be used.

(vii) The training program shall contain at a minimum the following elements:

(A) An accessible copy of the regulatory text of this standard and an

 explanation of its contents;

(B) A general explanation of the epidemiology and symptoms of bloodborne

diseases;

(C) An explanation of the modes of transmission of bloodborne pathogens;

(D) An explanation of the employer’s exposure control plan and the means by

which the employee can obtain a copy of the written plan;

(E) An explanation of the appropriate methods for recognizing tasks and other

activities that may involve exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials;

(F) An explanation of the use and limitations of methods that will prevent or

reduce exposure including appropriate engineering controls, work practices, and

personal protective equipment;

(G) Information on the types, proper use, location, removal, handling,

decontamination and disposal of personal protective equipment;

(H) An explanation of the basis for selection of personal protective

equipment;

(I) Information on the hepatitis B vaccine, including information on its efficacy,

safety, method of administration, the benefits of being vaccinated, and that the

vaccine and vaccination will be offered free of charge;

(J) Information on the appropriate actions to take and persons to contact in an

emergency involving blood or other potentially infectious materials;

(K) An explanation of the procedures to follow if an exposure incident occurs,

including the method of reporting the incident and the medical follow-up that will be

made available;

(L) Information on the post exposure evaluation and follow-up that the employer

is required to provide for the employee following an exposure

incident;

(M) An explanation of the signs and labels and/or color coding required by paragraph (g)(1); and

(N) An opportunity for interactive questions and answers with the person conducting the training session.

(viii) The person conducting the training shall be knowledgeable in the subject

matter covered by the elements contained in the training program as it relates to the

workplace that the training will address.

(ix) Additional initial training for employees in HIV and HBV laboratories and

production facilities. Employees in HIV or HBV research laboratories and HIV or

HBV production facilities shall receive the following intiial training in addition to the

above training requirements:

(A) The employer shall assure that employees demonstrate proficiency in standard

microbiological practices and techniques and in the practices and operations specific

to the facility before being allowed to work with HIV or HBV.
51

(B) The employer shall assure that employees have prior experience in the

handling of human pathogens or tissue cultures before working with HIV or HBV.

(C) The employer shall provide a training program to employees who have no

prior experience in handling human pathogens. Initial work activities shall not

include the handling of infectious agents. A progression of work activities shall be

assigned as techniques are learned and proficiency is developed. The employer shall

assure that employees participate in work activities involving

infectious agents only after proficiency has been demonstrated.

(i) Employee education and training. (1) Training program. (i) The employer

shall provide a training program for all employees exposed to cotton dust and shall

assure that each employee is informed of thefollowing:

(A) The acute and long term health hazards associated with exposure to cotton

dust;

(B) The names and descriptions of jobs and processes which could result in

exposure to cotton dust at or above the permissible exposure levels; measures,

including work practices required by paragraph (g) of the standard, necessary to

protect the employee from exposures in excess of the permissible exposure limit;

(C) The measures, including work practices required by paragraph (g) of the

standard, necessary to protect the employee from exposures in excess of the permissible exposure limit;

(D) The purpose, proper use and limitations of respirators required by

paragraph (f) of the standard;

(E) The purpose for and a description of the medical surveillance program required by paragraph (h) of the standard and other information which will aid exposed employees in understanding the hazards of cotton dust exposure; and

(F) The contents of the standard and its appendices.

(ii) The training program shall be provided prior to initial assignment and shall be

repeated annually for each employee exposed to cotton dust, when job assignments

or work processes change, and when employee performance

indicates a need for retraining.

(2) Access to training materials. (i) Each employer shall post a copy of this

section with its appendices in a public location at the workplace, and shall, upon

request, make copies available to employees.

(ii) The employer shall provide all materials relating to the employee training and

information program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director upon

request.

(1) Training program. (i) The employer shall institute a training program for all

employees who may be exposed to DBCP and shall assure their participation in such

a training program.

(ii) The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the

following:

(a) The information contained in Appendix A.

(b) The quantity, location, manner of use, release or storage of DBCP and the

specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to DBCP as well as any

necessary protective steps;

(c) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators;

General Industry Training Requirements

Cotton Dust

1910.1043(i)(1)(i)(A)

through (F) and (2)(i)

and (ii)

1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane

1910.1044(n)(1)(i) and

(ii)(a) through (e) and

(n)(2)(i) and (ii)
52

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Acrylonitrile (Vinyl

Cyanide)

1910.1045(o)(1) and

(iii)(A) through (G) and

(2)(i) and (ii)

(d) The purpose and description of the medical surveillance program required

by paragraph (m) of this section; and

(e) A review of this standard, including appendices.

(2) Access to training materials. (i) The employer shall make a copy of this

standard and its appendices readily available to all affected employees.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the

employee information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the

Director.

(1) Training program. (i) By January 2, 1979, the employer shall institute a

training program for and assure the participation of all employees exposed to

AN above the action level, all employees whose exposures are maintained below

the action level by engineering and work practice controls, and all employees

subject to potential skin or eye contact with liquid AN.

(ii) Training shall be provided at the time of initial assignment, or upon

institution of the training program, and at least annually thereafter, and the

employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following:

(A) The information contained in Appendices A and B. Editor’s Note:

See Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 192, Oct. 3, 1978, pp. 45813-45815;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, or storage of AN, and the

specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to AN, as well as any

necessary protective steps;

(C) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators and protective clothing;

(D) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program

required by paragraph (n) of this section;

(E) The emergency procedures developed, as required by paragraph (i) of this

section;

(F) Engineering and work practice controls, their function, and the employee’s

relationship to these controls; and

(G) A review of this standard.

(2) Access to training materials. (i) The employer shall make a copy of this

standard and its appendices readily available to all affected employees.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the employee information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

(3) Information and training. (i) The employer shall provide employees who are

potentially exposed to EtO at or above the action level with information and training

on EtO at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.

(ii) Employees shall be informed of the following:

(A) The requirements of this section with an explanation of its contents, including

Appendices A and B;

(B) Any operations in their work area where EtO is present;

(C) The location and availability of the written EtO final rule; and

(D) The medical surveillance program required by paragraph (i) of this section

with an explanation of the information in Appendix C.

(iii) Employer training shall include at least:

Ethylene Oxide

1910.1047(j)(3)(i);

(ii)(A) through (D) and

(iii)(A) through (D)
53

(A) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of EtO

in the work area (such as monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring

devices, etc.);

(B) The physical and health hazards of EtO;

(C) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from hazards associated

with EtO exposure, including specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect

employees from exposure to EtO, such as work practices,

emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used; and

(D) The details of the hazard communication program developed by the employer,

including an explanation of the labeling system and how employees can obtain and use the

appropriate hazard information.

(n) Participation. (1) The employer shall assure that all employees who are assigned to

workplaces where there is exposure to formaldehyde participate in a training program,

except where the employer can show, using objective data, that employees are not exposed

to formaldehyde at or above 0.1 ppm, the employer is not required to provide training.

(2) Frequency. Employers shall provide such information and training to employees at

the time of initial assignment, and whenever a new exposure to formaldehyde is introduced into the work. The training shall be repeated at least annually.

(3) Training program. The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the

employee is able to understand and shall include:

(A) A description of the potential health hazards associated with exposure to formaldehyde and a description of the signs and symptoms of exposure to formaldehyde.

(B) instructions to immediately report to the employer the development of any adverse

signs or symptoms that the employee suspects is attributable to formaldehyde exposure.

(iii) Description of operations in the work area where formaldehyde is present and an

explanation of the safe work practices appropriate for limiting exposure to formaldehyde in

each job;

(iv) The purpose for, proper use of, and limitations of personal protective clothing and

equipment;

(v) Instructions for the handling of spills, emergencies, and clean-up

procedures;

(vi) An explanation of the importance of engineering and work practice controls for

employee protection and any necessary instruction in the use of these controls; and

(vii) A review of emergency procedures including the specific duties or

 assignments of each employee in the event of an emergency.

(3)Information and training. (i) The employer shall provide employees with information and training on MDA in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200(h) at the time of initial

assignment and at least annually thereafter.

(ii) In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 1910.1200(h) the employer

shall:

(A) Provide an explanation of the contents of this section, including Appendices A and

B, and indicate to employees where a copy of the standard is available;

(4)Access to training materials. (i) The employer shall make readily available to all

affected employees, without cost, all written materials relating to the employee training

program, including a copy of this regulation.

General Industry Training Requirements

4,4' Methylenedianiline

1910.1050(k)(3)(i) and

(ii)(A) and (4)(i)(ii)

Formaldehyde

1910.1048(n)(1)

through (3)(i) and (ii)(A)

and (B)(iii) through (vii)
54

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Ionizing Radiation

Testing 1910.1096(f)(3)

(viii)

(ii) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary of Labor and the Director,

upon request, all information and training materials relating to the employee information

and training program.

(viii) Before placing the system into operation, all employees normally working in the

area shall be made acquainted with the signal by actual demonstration at their work

locations.

(i)(2) All individuals working in or frequenting any portion of a radiation area shall be

informed of the occurrence of radioactive materials or of radiation in such portions of the

radiation area; shall be instructed in the safety problems associated with exposure to such

materials or radiation and in precautions or devices to minimize exposure; shall be instructed in the applicable provisions of this section for the protection of employees from

exposure to radiation or radioactive materials; and shall be advised of reports of radiation

exposure which employees must request pursuant to the regulations in this section.

(h) Employee Information and Training. (1) Employers shall provide employees with

effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of

their initial assignment, and whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have

not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area. Information and

training may be designed to cover categories of hazards (e.g., flammability, carcinogenicity) or specific chemicals. Chemical-specific information must always be available through

labels and material safety data sheets.

(2)Information. Employees shall be informed of:

(i) The requirements of this section;

(ii) Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present; and,

(iii) The location and availability of the written hazard communication program,

including the required list(s) of hazardous chemicals, and material safety data sheets

required by this section.

(3) Training. Employee training shall include at least:

(i) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a

hazardous chemical in the work area (such as monitoring conducted by the employer,

continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when

being released, etc.);

(ii) The physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the work area;

(iii) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards,

including specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect employees from

exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as appropriate work practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used; and,

(iv) The details of the hazard communication program developed by the employer,

including an explanation of the labeling system and the material safety data sheet, and how

employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information.

(f)Employee information and training. (1) The employer shall provide employees

with information and training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals

present in their work area.

Posting

1910.1096(i)(2)

Occupational Exposure

to Hazardous Chemicals

in Laboratories

1910.1450(f)(1)(2) and

(f)(4)(i)(A) through (c)

and (ii)

Hazard Communication

1910.1200(h)(1),(2)(i)

through (iii) and (3)(i)

through (iv)
55

(2) Such information shall be provided at the time of an employee’s initial

assignment to a work area where hazardous chemicals are present and prior to

assignments involving new exposure situations. The frequency of refresher

information and training shall be determined by the employer.

(4)(i) Employee training shall include:

(A) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence release

of a hazardous chemical (such as monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals

when being released, etc.);

(B) The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area; and

(C) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these

hazards, including specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect

employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as appropriate work

practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used.

(ii) The employee shall be trained on the applicable details of the employer’s

written Chemical Hygiene Plan.

Maritime Training Requirements

Commercial Diving

Operations

Competent Person

1915.7(b)(1)(i) through

(iv); (2)(i) through

(iii)(A) through (C); and

(c)(1) through (7)

Maritime Training Requirements

Subject and Standard

Number

Part 1915—Shipyard Employment

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29

Code of Federal Regulations Parts 1915 (Shipyard Employment), 1917

(Marine Terminals), and 1918 (Longshoring).

Note that in addition to these requirements, Part 1910, relating to general

industry, also contains applicable training standards.

Training Requirement

Note: The requirements applicable to Shipyard Employment under this section are identical to those set forth in 1910.410(a)(1); (2)(i) through (iii); (3)

and (4).

(b) Designation. (1) One or more competent persons shall be designated by

the employer in accordance with the applicable requirements of this section,

unless the requirements of subparts B, C, D, and H of this part are always

carried out by a Marine Chemist. Exception: The employer may designate any

person who meets the applicable portions of the criteria set forth in paragraph (c)

of this section as a competent person who is limited to performing testing to the

following situations:

(i) Repair work on small craft in boatyards where only combustible gas

indicator tests are required for fuel tank leaks or when using flammable paints

below decks;

(ii) Building of wooden vessels where only knowledge of the precautions to

be taken when using flammable paints is required;

(iii) The breaking of vessels where there is no fuel oil or other flammable

hazard; and

(iv) Tests and inspections performed to comply with Section 1915.35(b)(8)

and 1915.36(a)(5).
56

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(2)(i) The employer shall maintain either a roster of designated competent

persons or a statement that a Marine Chemist will perform the tests or

inspections which require a competent person.

(ii) The employer shall make the roster of designated persons or the statement

available to employees, the employee’s representative, the Director or the

Assistant Secretary upon request.

(iii) The roster shall contain, at a minimum, the following:

(A) The employer’s name,

(B) The designated competent person’s name(s), and

(C) The date the employee was trained as a competent person.

(c) Criteria. The employer shall ensure that each designated competent person

has the following skills and knowldege:

(1) Ability to understand and carry out written or oral information or instructions left by Marine Chemist, Coast Guard authorized persons, and Certified

Industrial Hygienists;

(2) Knowledge of subparts B, C, D, and H of this part;

(3) Knowledge of the structure, location, and designation of spaces where

work is done;

(4) Ability to calibrate and use testing equipment including, but not limited to,

oxygen indicators, combustible gas indicators, carbon monoxide indicators, and

carbon dioxide indicators, and to interpret accurately the test results of that

equipment;

(5) Ability to perform all required tests and inspections which are or may be

performed by a competent person as set forth in subparts B, C, D, and H of this

part.

(6) Ability to inspect, test and evaluate spaces to determine the need for

further testing by a Marine Chemist or a Certified Industrial Hygienist;

(7) Ability to maintain records required by this section.

(d) Training of employees entering confined and enclosed spaces or other

dangerous atmospheres. (1) The employer shall ensure that each employee that

enters a confined or enclosed space and other areas with dangerous atmospheres

is trained to perform all required duties safely.

(2) The employer shall ensure that each employee who enters a confined

space, enclosed space, or other areas with dangerous atmospheres is trained to:

(i) Recognize the characteristics of the confined space;

(ii) Anticipate and be aware of the hazards that may be faced during entry;

(iii) Recognize the adverse health effects that may be caused by the exposure

to a hazard;

(iv) Understand the physical signs and reactions related to exposures to such

hazards;

(v) Know what personal protective equipment is needed for safe entry into and

exit from the space;

(vi) Use personal protective equipment; and

Confined and Enclosed

Spaces

1915.12(d)(1) and (2)(i)

through (iii), (3)(i)

through (iii), (4)(i) and

(ii), (5)(i) and (ii)
57

(vii) Where necessary, be aware of the presence and proper use of barriers that

may be needed to protect an entrant from hazards.

(3) The employer shall ensure that each entrant into confined or enclosed

spaces or other dangerous atmospheres is trained to exit the space or dangerous

atmosphere whenever:

(i) The employer or his or her representative orders evacuation;

(ii) An evacuation signal such as an alarm is activated; or

(iii) The entrant perceives that he or she is in danger.

(4) The employer shall provide each employee with training:

(i) Before the entrant begins work addressed by this section; and

(ii) Whenever there is a change in operations or in an employee’s duties that

present a hazard about which the employee has not previously been trained.

(5) The employer shall certify that the training required by paragraphs (d)(1)

through (d)(4) of this section has been accomplished.

(i) The certification shall contain the employee’s name, the name of the

certifier, and the date(s) of the certification.

(ii) The certification shall be available for inspection by the Assistant

Secretary, the Director, employees, and their representatives.

(a) Oxygen content (1) The employer shall ensure that the following spaces

are visually inpsected and tested by a competent person to determine the

atmosphere’s oxygen content prior to initial entry into the space by an employee:

(i) Spaces that have been sealed, such as, but not limited to, spaces that have

been coated and closed up, and non-ventilated spaces that have been freshly

painted;

(ii) Spaces and adjacent spaces that contain or have contained combustible or

flammable liquids or gases;

(iii) Spaces and adjacent spaces that contain or have contained liquids, gases,

or solids that are toxic, corrosive, or irritant;

(iv) Spaces and adjacent spaces that have been fumigated; and

(v) Spaces containing materials or residues of materials that create an oxygendeficient atmosphere.

(b) Flammable atmospheres (1) The employer shall ensure that spaces and

adjacent spaces that contain or have contained combustible or flammable liquids

or gases are:

(i) Inspected visually by a competent person to determine the presence of

combustible or flammable liquids; and,

(ii) Tested by a competent person prior to entry by an employee to determine

the concentration of flammable vapors and gases within the space.

(c) Toxic, corrosive, irritant or fumigated atmospheres and residues (1) The

employer shall ensure that spaces or adjacent spaces that contain or have contained liquids, gases, or solids that are toxic, corrosive or irritant are:

(i) Inspected visually by a competent person to determine the presence of

toxic, corrosive, or irritant residue contaminants; and

Maritime Training Requirements

Precautions Before

Entering

1915.12(a)(1)(i) through

(v)

1915.12(b)(1)(i) and (ii)

1915.12(b)(1)(i) and (ii)
58

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(ii) Tested by competent person prior to initial entry by an employee to determine the air concentration of toxics, corrosives, or irritants within the space.

(2) Testing shall be conducted by a competent person to determine the concentration of flammable, combustible, toxic, corrosive, or irritant vapors within

the space prior to the beginning of cleaning or cold work.

(4) Testing shall be conducted by a competent person as often as necessary

during cleaning or cold work to assure that air concentrations are below 10

percent of the lower explosive limit and within the PELs and below IDLH

levels. Factors such as, but not limited to, temperature, volatility of the residues,

and other existing conditions in and about the spaces are to be considered in

determining the frequency of testing necessary to assure a safe atmosphere.

(b) Hot work requiring testing by a competent person (1) Hot work is not

permitted in or on the following spaces or adjacent spaces or other dangerous

atmospheres until they have been tested by a competent person and determined

to contain no concentrations of flammable vapors equal to or greater than 10

percent of the lower explosive limit:

(i) Dry cargo holds,

(ii) The bilges,

(iii) The engine room and boiler spaces for which a Marine Chemist or a

Coast Guard authorized person certificate is not required under paragraph

(a)(1)(i) of this section,

(iv) Vessels and vessel sections for which a Marine Chemist or Coast Guard

authorized person certificate is not required under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this

section, and

(v) Land-side confined and enclosed spaces or other dangerous atmospheres

not covered by paragraph (a)(1) of this section.

(c) Tests to maintain the conditions of a Marine Chemist’s or Coast Guard

authorized person’s certificates. A competent person shall visually inspect and

test each space certified as “Safe for Workers” or “Safe for Hot Work,” as often

as necessary to ensure that atmospheric conditions within that space is maintained within the conditions established by the certificate after the certificate has

been issued.

(b) Paints and tank coatings dissolved in highly volatile, toxic and flammable solvents. Several organic coatings, adhesives and resins are dissolved in

highly toxic, flammable and explosive solvents with flash points below 80

degrees Fahrenheit. Work involving such materials shall be done only when all

of the following special precautions have been taken:

(1) Sufficient exhaust ventilation shall be provided to keep the concentration

of solvent vapors below 10 percent of the lower explosive limit. Frequent tests

shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration.

(8) A competent person shall inspect all power lighting cables to ensure that

the insulation is in excellent condition, free of all cracks and worn spots, that

there are no connections within 50 feet (15.2 meters) of the operation, that lines

are not overloaded, and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent

undue stress or chafing.

Painting

1915.35(b)(1) and (8)

Cleaning and Other Cold

Work

1915.13(b)(2) and

(4)

Certification Before Hot

Work is Begun

1915.14(b)(1)(i) through

(v)

Maintaining Gas Free

Conditions, Ship Repairing 1910.15(c)
59

(a) In all cases when liquid solvents, paint and preservative removers, paints

or vehicles, other than those covered by § 1915.35(b), are capable of producing a

flammable atmosphere under the conditions of use, the following precautions

shall be taken:

(2) Ventilation shall be provided in sufficient quantities to keep the concentration of vapors below 10 percent of their lower explosive limit. Frequent tests

shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration.

(5) A competent person shall inspect all power and lighting cables to ensure

that the insulation is in excellent condition, free of all cracks and worn spots, that

there are no connections within 50 feet (15.2 meters) of the operation, that lines

are not overloaded, and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent

undue stress or chafing.

(3) When the welding, cutting, or heating operation is such that normal fire

prevention precautions are not sufficient, additional personnel shall be assigned

to guard against fire while the actual welding, cutting, or heating operation is

being performed and for a sufficient period of time after completion of the work

to insure that no possibility of fire exists. Such personnel shall be instructed as to

the specific anticipated fire hazards and how the fire fighting equipment

provided is to be used.

(c) In all cases, suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be immediately

available in the work area and shall be maintained in a state of readiness for

instant use. Personnel assigned to contain fires within controllable limits shall be

instructed as to the specific anticipated fire hazards and how the fire fighting

equipment provided is to be used. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply to

shipbreaking only.

(b) Before welding, cutting or heating is commenced on any surface covered

by a preservative coating whose flammability is not known, a test shall be made

by a competent person to determine its flammability. Preservative coatings shall

be considered to be highly flammable when scrapings burn with extreme

rapidity.

(e) Before welding, cutting or heating is commenced in enclosed spaces on

metals covered by soft and greasy preservatives, the following precautions shall

be taken:

(1) A competent person shall test the atmosphere in the space to ensure that it

does not contain explosive vapors, since there is a possibility that some soft and

greasy preservatives may have flash points below temperatures which may be

expected to occur naturally. If such vapors are determined to be present, no hot

work shall be commenced until such precautions have been taken as will ensure

that the welding, cutting or heating can be performed in safety.

(f) Immediately after welding, cutting or heating is commenced in enclosed

spaces on metal covered by soft and greasy preservatives, and at frequent intervals thereafter, a competent person shall make tests to ensure that no flammable

vapors are being produced by the coatings. If such vapors are determined to be

present, the operation shall be stopped immediately and shall not be resumed

until such additional precautions have been taken as are necessary to ensure that

the operation can be resumed safely.

Flammable Liquids

1915.36(a)(2) and (5)

Fire Prevention

1915.52(b)(3) and (c)

Maritime Training Requirements

Welding, Cutting and

Heating in Way of

Preservative Coatings

1915.53(b)

1915.53(e)(1)

1915.53(f)
60

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(c) Before welding, cutting, heating or brazing is begun on structural voids

such as skegs, bilge keels, fair waters, masts, booms, support stanchions, pipe

stanchions or railings, a competent person shall inspect the object and, if necessary, test it for the presence of flammable liquids or vapors. If flammable liquids

or vapors are present, the objects shall be made safe.

(d) Use of fuel gas. The employer shall thoroughly instruct employees in the

safe use of fuel gas, as follows:

(1) Before connecting a regulator to a cylinder valve, the valve shall be

opened slightly and closed immediately. (This action is generally termed “cracking” and is intended to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter

the regulator.) The person cracking the valve shall stand to one side of the outlet,

not in front of it. The valve of a fuel gas cylinder shall not be cracked where the

gas would reach welding work, sparks, flame or other possible sources of

ignition.

(2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to prevent damage to

the regulator. To permit quick closing, valves on fuel gas cylinders shall not be

opened more than 1-1/2 turns. When a special wrench is required, it shall be left

in position on the stem of the valve while the cylinder is in use so that the fuel

gas flow can be shut off quickly in case of an emergency. In the case of

manifolded or coupled cylinders, at least one such wrench shall always be

available for immediate use. Nothing shall be placed on top of a fuel gas cylinder, when in use, which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick

closing of the valve.

(3) Fuel gas shall not be used from cylinders through torches or other devices

which are equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a

suitable regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold.

(4) Before a regulator is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve

shall always be closed and the gas released from the regulator.

(5) If, when the valve on a fuel gas cylinder is opened, there is found to be a

leak around the valve stem, the valve shall be closed and the gland nut tightened.

If this action does not stop the leak, the use of the cylinder shall be discontinued,

and it shall be properly tagged and removed from the vessel. In the event that

fuel gas should leak from the cylinder valve rather than from the valve stem and

the gas cannot be shut off, the cylinder shall be properly tagged and removed

from the vessel. If a regulator attached to a cylinder valve will effectively stop a

leak through the valve seal, the cylinder need not be removed from the vessel.

(6) If a leak should develop at a fuse plug or other safety device, the cylinder

shall be removed from the vessel.

(d) Operating instructions. Employers shall instruct employees in the safe

means of arc welding and cutting as follows:

(1) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes shall be

removed and the holders shall be so placed or protected so that they cannot make

electrical contact with employees or conducting objects.

(2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped in water, since to do so may

expose the arc welder or cutter to electric shock.

(3) When the arc welder or cutter has occasion to leave his work or to stop

work for any appreciable length of time, or when the arc welding or cutting

Arc Welding and Cutting

1915.56(d)(1) through

(4)

Welding, Cutting and

Heating of Hollow Metal

Containers and Structures Not Covered by

1915.12

Gas Welding and Cutting 1915.55(d)(1)

through (6)
61

machine is to be moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be

opened.

(4) Any faulty or defective equipment shall be reported to the supervisor.

(b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive material, whether or not

under license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall be performed by

competent persons specially trained in the proper and safe operation of such

equipment. In the case of materials used under Commission license, only persons actually licensed, or competent persons under direction and supervision of

the licensee, shall perform such work.

(7) No scaffold shall be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except under

the supervision of competent persons.

Note:The provisions of this section shall apply to ship repairing and ship

building.

(a) No employees other than radar or radio repairmen shall be permitted to

work on masts, king posts or other aloft areas unless the radar and radio are

secured or otherwise made incapable of radiation. In either event, the radio and radar

shall be appropriately tagged.

(a) Unless a first-aid room and a qualified attendant are close at hand and prepared

to render first-aid to employees on behalf of the employer, the employer shall furnish

a first-aid kit for each vessel on which work is being performed, except that when

work is being performed on more than one small vessel at one pier, only one kit shall

be required. The kit, when required, shall be kept close to the vessel and at least one

employee, close at hand, shall be qualified to administer first-aid to the injured.

(5) All repairs to chains shall be made under qualified supervision. Links or

portions of the chain found to be defective as described in paragraph (c)(4) of this

section shall be replaced by links having proper dimensions and made of material

similar to that of the chain. Before repaired chains are returned to service, they shall

be proof tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer.

(l) An individual who is familiar with the signal code in use shall be assigned to

act as a signalman when the hoist operator cannot see the load being handled. Communications shall be made by means of clear and distinct visual or auditory signals

except that verbal signals shall not be permitted.

Paragraph (a) of this section shall apply to ship repairing and shipbuilding only.

Paragraph (b) of this section shall apply to ship repairing, shipbuilding and

shipbreaking.

(a) When ship’s gear is used to hoist materials aboard, a competent person shall

determine that the gear is properly rigged, that it is in safe condition, and that it will

not be overloaded by the size and weight of the lift.

(b) Only those employees who understand the signs, notices, and operating

instructions, and are familiar with the signal code in use, shall be permitted to

operate a crane, winch, or other power operated hoisting apparatus.

(a) This section shall apply to ship repairing and shipbuilding only.

(c) Instruction of operators. Before employees are permitted to use powder actuated tools, they shall have been thoroughly instructed by a competent person with

respect to the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section and the safe use of such

tools as follows:

Uses of Fissionable

Material

1915.57(b)

Scaffolds or Staging

1915.71(b)(7)

Work on or in the

Vicinity of Radar and

Radio

1915.95(a)

First-Aid

1915.98(a)

Maritime Training Requirements

Ropes, Chains and

Slings

1915.112(c)(5)

Use of Gear

1915.116(1)

Qualifications of

Operators

1915.117(a) and (b)

Powder Actuated

Fastening Tools

1915.135(a) and (c)(1)

through (6)
62

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(1) Before using a tool, the operator shall inspect it to determine that it is clean,

that all moving parts operate freely and that the barrel is free from obstructions.

(2) When a tool develops a defect during use, the operator shall immediately

cease to use it and shall notify his supervisor.

(3) Tools shall not be loaded until just prior to the intended firing time and the

tool shall not be left unattended while loaded.

(4) The tool, whether loaded or empty, shall not be pointed at any person, and

hands shall be kept clear of the open barrel end.

(5) In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the tool in the operating position for at least 15 seconds and shall continue to hold the muzzle against the

work surface during disassembly or opening of the tool and removal of the

powder load.

(6) Neither tools nor powder charges shall be left unattended in places where

they would be available to unauthorized persons.

(c) When internal combustion engines on vehicles, such as forklifts and

mobile cranes, or on portable equipment such as fans, generators, and pumps,

exhaust into the atmosphere below decks, the competent person shall make tests

of the carbon monoxide content of the atmosphere as frequently as conditions

require to ensure that dangerous concentrations do not develop. Employees shall

be removed from the compartment involved when the carbon monoxide concentration exceeds 50 parts per million (0.005%). The employer shall use blowers

sufficient in size and number and so arranged as to maintain the concentration

below this allowable limit before work is resumed.

(e) Training. (1) The employer shall provide training to each employee who is

required by this section to use PPE (Exception: Training in the use of personal

fall arrest systems and positioning device systems is covered in Sections

1915.159 and 1915.160) Each employee shall be trained to understand at least

the following:

(i) When PPE is necessary;

(ii) What PPE is necessary;

(iii) How to properly don, doff, adjust , and wear PPE;

(iv) The limitations of the PPE; and

(v) The proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE.

(2) The employer shall ensure that each affected employee demonstrates the

ability to use PPE properly before being allowed to perform work requiring the

use of PPE.

(3) The employer shall retrain any employee who does not understand or

display the skills required by paragraph (e)(2) of this section. Circumstances

where retraining is required include, but are not limited to, situations where:

(i) Changes in occupation or work render previous training obsolete; or

(ii) Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete;

or

(iii) Inadequacies in an affected employee’s knowledge or use of assigned PPE

indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

Internal Combustion

Engines, Other than

Ships’ Equipment

1915.136(c)

General Requirements

1915.152(e)(1)(i)

through (v); (2), (3)(i)

through (iii); and (4)
63

(4) The employer shall verify that each affected employee has received the

required training through a document that contains the following information:

name of each employee trained, the date(s) of training, and type of training the

employee received.

Note: The requirements applicable to Maritime Training Requirements under

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.134(a)(3), (b)(3),

(e)(2) through (4) and (5)(i).

(d) Training. Before using personal fall arrest equipment, each affected

employee shall be trained to understand the application limits of the equipment

and proper hookup, anchoring, and tie-off techniques. Affected employees shall

also be trained so that they can demonstrate the proper use, inspection, and

storage of their equipment.

(d) Training. Before using a positioning device system, employees shall be

trained in the application limits, proper hookup, anchoring and tie-off techniques,

methods of use, inspection, and storage of positioning device systems.

(b) portable, unfired pressure vessels, not built to the code requirements of

paragraph (a) of this section, and built prior to the effective date of this regulation, shall be examined quarterly by a competent person. They shall be subjected

yearly to a hydrostatic pressure test of one and one-half times the working

pressure of the vessels.

(k) Communication of hazards. (9) Employee information and training. (i) The

employer shall at no cost to the employee institute a training program for all employees who install asbestos containing products and for all employees who perform

Class I through Class IV asbestos operations and shall ensure their participation in

the program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment and at

least annually thereafter.

(iii) Training for Class I and II operations shall be the equivalent in curriculum,

training method, and length to the EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) asbestos

abatement worker training (40 CFR) Pt. 763, Subpart E, C). For employers whose

Class II work with asbestos-containing material involves only the removal and/or

disturbance of one generic category of building vessel material, such as roofing

materials, flooring/deck materials, siding materials or transite panels, instead, the

employer is required to train employees who perform such work by providing a

training course which includes as a minimum all the elements included in paragraph

(k)(8)(v) of this section and in addition the specific work practices and engineering

controls set forth in paragraph (g) of this section which specifically relate to that

material category. Such courses shall include “hands-on” training and shall take at

least 8 hours.

(iv) Training for Class III employees shall be the equivalent in curriculum and

training method to the 16-hour Operations and Maintenance course developed by

EPA for maintenance and custodial workers who conduct activities that will result in

the disturbance of ACM (see 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2). Such course shall include

“hands-on” training in the use of respiratory protection and work

practices and shall take at least 15 hours.

(v) Training for employees performing Class IV operations shall be the equivalent

in curriculum and training method to the awareness training course developed by

EPA for maintenance and custodial workers who work in buildings containing

asbestos-containing material (See 40 CFR 763.92(a)(1)). Such course shall include

Respiratory Protection

1915.152(a)(4)

Personal Fall Arrest

Systems

1915.159(d)

Positioning Device

Systems

1915.160(d)

Portable Air Receivers

and Other Unfired

Pressure Vessels

1915.172(b)

Maritime Training Requirements

Asbestos

1915.1001(k)(9)(i)

through (vi)(A) through

(J)
64

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

available information concerning the locations of PACM and ACM and asbestos

containing flooring material where the absence of asbestos has not been certified;

and instruction in recognition of damage, deterioration, and delamination of

asbestos-containing building materials. Such course shall take at least 2 hours.

(vi) The training program shall be conducted in a manner that the employee is able

to understand. In addition to the content required by provisions in paragraph

(k)(8)(iii) of this section, the employer shall ensure that each such employee is

informed of the following:

(A) Methods of recognizing asbestos including the requirement in paragraph

(k)(1) of this section to presume that certain building materials contain asbestos;

(B) The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;

(C) The relationship between smoking and asbestos in producing lung cancer;

(D) The nature of operations that could result in exposure to asbestos, the importance of necessary protective controls to minimize exposure including, as applicable,

engineering controls, work practices, respirators, housekeeping procedures, hygiene

facilities, protective clothing, decontamination procedures, emergency procedures,

and waste disposal procedures, and any necessary instruction in the use of these

controls and procedures; where Class II and IV work will be or is performed, the

contents of EPA 20T-2003, “Managing Asbestos In Place,” July 1990, or its

equivalent in content;

(E) The purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and limitations of

respirators as required by 29 CFR 1910.134;

(F) The appropriate work practices for performing the asbestos job;

(G) Medical surveillance program requirements;

(H) The contents of this standard including appendices;

(I) The names, addresses and phone numbers of public health organizations which

provide information and materials and which conduct programs concerning smoking

cessation. The employer may distribute the list of such

organizations contained in Appendix J, to comply with this requirement;

(J) The requirements for posting signs and affixing labels and the meaning of the

required legends for such signs and labels.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1003.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1017.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1018.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1025.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1027.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1028.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1030.

13 carcinogens

1915.1003

Cadmium

1915.1027

Benzene

1915.1028

Bloodborne Pathogens

1915.1030

Vinyl Chloride

1915.1017

Inorganic Arsenic

1915.1018

Lead

1915.1025
65

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1044.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1045.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1047.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1048.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1050.

Note: The requirements appliacable to shipyard employment under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1096.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200.

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this section

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1450.

Part 1917—Marine Terminals

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.410(a)(1); (2)(i) through (iii); (3)

and (4).

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.332(b)(1).

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.272(e)(1)(i) and (ii) and (2).

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) and (3)(i) through (iv).

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1096(i)(2).

Note: The requirement applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.95(i)(4).

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.134(k)(3)

Note: The requirement applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.177(c)(1)(i) through (iii); (2)(i)

through (viii) and (3) including single piece wheels per Federal Register of

February 3, 1984 (pp. 4338-4352) but not automobile or truck tires marked

“LT.”

1,2-Dibromo-3-

Chloropropane

1915.1044

Acrylonitrile

1915.1045

Ethylene Oxide

1915.1047

Formaldehyde

1915.1048

Methylenedianiline

1915.1050

Ionizing Radiation

1915.1096

Hazard Communication

1915.1200

Occupational Exposure

to Hazardous Chemicals

in Laboratories

1915.1450

Maritime Training Requirements

Commercial Diving

Operations

1917.1(a)(2)(iii)

Electrical SafetyRelated Work Practices

1917.1(a)(2)(iv)

Grain Handling

Facilities

1917.1(a)(2)(v)

Hazard Communication

1917.1(a)(2)(iv)

Ionizing Radiation

1917.1(a)(2)(vii)

Hearing Protection

1917.1(a)(2)(viii)

Respiratory Protection

1910.1(a)(2)(x)

Servicing Multi-Piece

and Single-Piece Rim

Wheels

1910.1(a)(2)(xii)
66

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.

(b) Determination of Hazard (1) When the employer is aware that a room,

building, vehicle, railcar, or other space contains or has contained a hazardous

atmosphere, a designated and appropriately equipped person shall test the atmosphere before employee entry to determine whether a hazardous atmosphere

exists.

(d) Entry into hazardous atmospheres. Only designated persons shall enter

hazardous atmospheres, in which case the following provisions shall apply:

(3) Except for emergency or rescue operations, employees shall not enter into any

atmosphere which has been identified as flammable or oxygen deficient (less than

19.5 percent oxygen). Persons who may be required to enter flammable or oxygen

deficient atmospheres in emergency operations shall be instructed in the dangers

attendant to those atmospheres and instructed in the use of self-contained breathing

apparatus, which shall be utilized.

(2) Persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere shall be instructed in the nature of the hazard, precautions to be taken, and the use of protective

and emergency equipment. Standby observers, similarly equipped and instructed,

shall continuously monitor the activity of employees within such a space.

(3) Persons who may be required to enter flammable or oxygen deficient atmospheres in emergency operations shall be instructed in the dangers attendant to those

atmospheres and instructed in the use of self-contained breathing apparatus, which

shall be utilized.

(a) Qualifications of machinery operators. (1) Only those employees determined

by the employer to be competent by reason of training or experience, and who

understand the signs, notices and operating instructions and are familiar with the

signal code in use shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch or other power operated cargo handling apparatus, or any power operated vehicle, or give signals to the

operator of any hoisting apparatus. Exception: Employees being trained and supervised by a designated person may operate such machinery and give signals to operators during training.

(b) Supervisory accident prevention proficiency. (1) After October 3, 1985

immediate supervisors of cargo-handling operations of more than five (5) persons

shall satisfactorily complete a course in accident prevention. Employees newly

assigned to supervisory duties after that date shall be required to meet the provisions

of this paragraph within 90 days of such assignment.

(2) The course shall consist of instruction suited to the particular operations

involved.*

 *The following are recommended topics: (i) Safety responsibility and authority;

(ii) elements of accident prevention; (iii) attitudes, leadership and motivation; (iv)

hazards of longshoring, including peculiar local circumstances; (v) hazard identification and elimination; (vi) applicable regulations; and (vii) accident investigations.

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) and (3)(i) through (iv).

Hazardous Atmospheres and Substances

1917.23(b)(1)

Toxic and Hazardous

Substances

1917.1(a)(2)(xiii)

1917.23(d)(3)

Fumigants, Pesticides,

Insecticides, and Hazardous Preservatives

1917.25(e)(2) and (3)

Personnel

1917.27(a)(1) and (b)(1)

and (2)

Hazard Communication

1917.28
67

5) Training (i) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer

shall designate and train a sufficient number of persons to assist in the safe and

orderly emergency evacuation of employees.

(ii) The employer shall review the plan with each employee covered by the plan at

the following times:

(A) Initially when the plan is developed;

(B) Whenever the employee’s responsibilities or designated actions under the plan

change; and,

(C) Whenever the plan is changed.

(iii) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial assignment those

parts of the plan that the employee must know to protect the employee in the event

of an emergency. The written plan shall be kept at the workplace and be made

available for employee review.

(a) The requirements of this section apply to general vehicle use within marine

terminals. Exception: The provisions of paragraphs (c) and (1) of this section do not

apply when preempted by applicable regulation of the Department of Transportation.

(i) A distance of not less than 20 feet (6.1 Meters) shall be maintained between the

first two vehicles in a check-in, check-out, roadability, or vessel loading/discharging

line. The distance shall be maintained between any subsequent vehicles behind

which employees are required to work.

(ii) The employer shall ensure that each employee demonstrates his ability to

service multipiece rim wheels, including performance of the following tasks.

(A) Tire demounting (including deflation);

(B) Inspection of wheel components;

(C) Mounting of tires;

(D) Inflation of tires, including use of a restraining device;

(E) Handling of wheels;

(F) Inflation of tires when a wheel is mounted on the vehicle; and

(G) Installation and removal of wheels.

(d) The plant superintendent and foremen shall be trained and be knowledgeable

about the hazards of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen deficiency. They shall be trained

in the use of appropriate respiratory and other protective equipment, and in rescue

procedures. Other supervisory plant personnel shall be informed of these hazards

and instructed in the necessary safety measures, including use of respiratory and

rescue equipment.

 (4) When the hot work operation is such that normal fire prevention precautions

are not sufficient, additional personnel shall be assigned to guard against fire during

hot work and for a sufficient time after completion of the work to ensure that no fire

hazard remains. The employer shall instruct all employees involved in hot work

operations as to potential fire hazards and the use of firefighting equipment.

Maritime Training Requirements

Emergency Action Plans

1917.30(a)(5)(i) and

(ii)(A) through (C)(iii)

General Rules

Applicable to Vehicles

1917.44(i) and (ii)(A)

through (G)

Terminal Facilities—

Handling Menhaden and

Similar Species of Fish

1917.73(d)

Welding, Cutting and

Heating (Hot Work)

1917.152(c)(4)
68

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Part 1918—Longshoring

Note: The requirements spplicable to Longshoring under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.410(a)(1); (2)(i) through (iii); (3)

and (4).

Note: The requirements spplicable to Longshoring under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.332(b)(1).

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) and 3)(i) and (iv).

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1096(i)(2).

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.95(i)(4)

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.134(k)(3).

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z.

(k) Fall Protection Systems (12) Before using any fall protection system, the

employee shall be trained in the use and application limits of the equipment,

proper hook up, anchoring and tie-off techniques, methods of use, and proper

methods of equipment inspection and storage.

(3) Except in emergency or rescue operations, employees shall not enter any

atmosphere identified as flammable or oxygen-deficient (less than 19.5 percent

oxygen). Persons who may be required to enter flammable or oxygen-deficient

atmospheres in emergency operations shall be instructed in the dangers attendant

to those atmospheres and be instructed in the use of self-contained breathing

apparatus which shall be used for entry.

(b) To prevent inadvertent employee entry into spaces identified as having

hazardous, flammable, or oxygen-deficient atmospheres, appropriate warning

signs or equivalent means shall be posted at all means of access to those spaces.

(v) One or more employees on duty shall be equipped and trained to provide

any specific emergency medical treatment stipulated for the particular fumigant.

(b) First-Aid. A first-aid kit shall be available at or near each vessel being

worked. At least one person holding a valid first-aid certificate, such as is issued

by the Red Cross or other equivalent organization, shall be available to render

first-aid when work is in progress.

(a) Qualification of machinery operators.(1) Only an employee determined

by the employer to be competent by reason of training or experience,and who

understands the signs, notices, and operating instructions and is familiar with the

signal code in use, shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch, or other poweroperated cargo handling apparatus, or any power-operated vehicle, or give

signals to the operator of any hoisting apparatus. However, an employee being

trained and supervised by a designated person may operate such machinery and

give signals to operators during training.

Hazardous Atmospheres

and Substances

1918.93(d)(3)

Hazard Communication

1918.1(b)(4)

Respiratory Protection

1918.1(b)(8)

Ionizing Radiation

1918.1(b)(5)

Hearing Protection

1918.1(b)(6)

Toxic and Hazardous

Substances

1918.1(b)(9)

Containerized Cargo

Operations—Fall

Protection Systems

1918.85(k)(12)

Ventilation and Atmospheric Conditions and

Fumigants

1918.94(b)(v)

First-Aid and Life

Saving Facilities

1918.97(b)

Qualifications of Machinery Operators

1918.98(a)(1)

Commercial Diving

Operations

1918.1(b)(2)

Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices

1918.1(b)(3)
69

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29,

Code of Federal Regulations Part 1926. Note that in addition to these

requirements, Part 1910, relating to general industry, also contains

applicable training standards.

Construction Training Requirements

Construction Training Requirements

Safety Training and

Education

1926.21(a)

1926.21(b)(1) through

(6)(i) and (ii)

General Safety and

Health Provisions

1926.20(b(2) and (4))

Subject and Standard

Number

Training Requirement

(2) Such programs [as may be necessary to comply with this part] shall provide

for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be

made by competent persons [capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards

in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or

dangerous to employees, and who have authorization to take prompt corrective

measures to eliminate them designated by the employers].

(4) The employer shall permit only those employees qualified [one who, by

possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by

extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his

ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the

project] by training or experience to operate equipment and machinery.

(a) General requirements. The Secretary shall, pursuant to section107(f) of the

Act establish and supervise programs for the education and training of employers

and employees in the recognition, and prevention of unsafe conditions in

employments covered by the Act.

(1) The employer should avail himself of the safety and health training programs

the Secretary provides.

(2) The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of

unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to his work environment to control

or eliminate any hazards or other exposure to illness or injury.

(3) Employees required to handle or use poisons, caustics, and other harmful

substances shall be instructed regarding their safe handling and use, and be made

aware of the potential hazards, personal hygiene, and personal protective measures

required.

(4) In job site areas where harmful plants or animals are present, employees who

may be exposed shall be instructed regarding the potential hazards and how to avoid

injury, and the first-aid procedures to be used in the event of injury.

(5) Employees required to handle or use flammable liquids, gases, or toxic materials shall be instructed in the safe handling and use of these materials and made aware

of the specific requirements contained in Subparts D, F, and other applicable

subparts of this part.

(6) (i) All employees required to enter into confined or enclosed spaces shall be

in-structed as to the nature of the hazards involved, the necessary precautions to be

taken, and in the use of protective and emergency equipment required. The employer

shall comply with any specific regulations that apply to work in dangerous or

potentially dangerous areas.

(ii) For purposes of subdivision (i) of this subparagraph, “confined or enclosed

space” means any space having a limited means of egress, which is subject to the accumulation of toxic or flammable contaminants or has an oxygen deficient atmosphere. Confined or enclosed spaces include, but are not limited to, storage tanks,
70

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

process vessels, bins, boilers, ventilation or exhaust ducts, sewers, underground

utility vaults, tunnels, pipelines, and open top spaces more than 4 feet (1.2 meters) in

depth such as pits, tubs, vaults, and vessels.

(e) Training. (1) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer shall designate and train a sufficient number of persons to assist in the

safe and orderly emergency evacuation of employees.

(2) The employer shall review the plan with each employee covered by the

plan at the following times:

(i) Initially when the plan is developed,

(ii) Whenever the employee’s responsibilities or designated actions under the

plan change, and

(iii) Whenever the plan is changed.

 (3) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial assignment

those parts of the plan which the employee must know to protect the employee in

the event of an emergency. The written plan shall be kept at the workplace and

made available for employee review. For those employers with 10 or fewer

employees the plan may be communicated orally to employees and the

employer need not maintain a written plan.

(c) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician that is reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance to the worksite which is available

for the treatment of injured employees, a person who has a valid certificate in

first-aid training from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red Cross, or

equivalent training that can be verified by documentary evidence, shall be

available at the worksite to render first-aid.

(b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive materials or X-rays,

whether or not under license from the Atomic Energy Commission [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] shall be performed by competent persons specially trained in the

proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case of materials used under

Commission license, only persons actually licensed, or competent persons under the

direction and supervision of the licensee, shall perform such work.

(a) Only qualified and trained employees shall be assigned to install, adjust, and

operate laser equipment.

(b) Proof of qualification of the laser equipment operator shall be available and in

possession of the operator at all times.

(b) To achieve compliance with paragraph (a) of this section, administrative or

engineering controls must first be implemented whenever feasible. When such

controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or other

protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contaminants within the limits prescribed in this section. Any equipment and technical

measures used for this purpose must first be approved for each particular use by a

competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever

respirators are used, their use shall comply with § 1926.103.

Note: The requirements applicable to Construction under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) and 3)(i) and (iv).

Employee Emergency

Action Plans

1926.35(e)(1) and

(2)(i) through (iii) and

(3)

Medical Services and

First-aid

1926.50(c)

Ionizing Radiation

1926.53(b)

Nonionizing Radiation

1926.54(a) and (b)

Gases, Vapors, Fumes,

Dusts, and Mists

1926.55 (b)

Hazard Communication

1926.59
71

Note: The requirements applicable to construction under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1050(k)(3)(i) and (ii)(A) and (4)(i)

and (ii).

(1) General. (i) The employer shall communicate information concerning lead

hazards according to the requirements of OSHA’s Hazard Communication

Standard for the construction industry, 29 CFR 1026.59, including but not

limited to the requirements concerning warning signs and labels, material safety

data sheets (MSDS), and employee information and training. In addition,

employers shall comply with the following requirements:

 (ii) For all employees who are subject to exposure to lead at or above the

action level on any day or who are subject to exposure to lead compounds which

may cause skin or eye irritation (e.g., lead arsenate, lead azide), the employer

shall provide a training program in accordance with paragraph (1)(2) of this

section and assure employee participation.

(iii) The employer shall provide the training program as initial training prior to

the time of job assignment or prior to the start up date for this requirement,

whichever comes last.

(iv) The employer shall also provide the training program at least annually for

each employee who is subject to lead exposure at or above the action level on

any day.

(2) Training program. The employer shall assure that each employee is

trained in the following:

(i) The content of this standard and its appendices;

(ii) The specific nature of the operations which could result in exposure to

lead above the action level;

(iv) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program, and

the medical removal protection program including information concerning the

adverse health effects associated with excessive exposure to lead (with particular

attention to the adverse reproductive effects on both males and females and

hazards to the fetus and additional precautions for employees who are pregnant);

(v) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the

employee’s job assignment including training employees to follow relevant good

work practices described in Appendix (B) of this section;

(vi) The contents of any compliance plan in effect;

(vii) Instructions to employees that chelating agents should not routinely be

used to remove lead from their bodies and should not be used at all except under

the direction of a licensed physician; and

(viii) The employee’s right of access to records under 29 CFR 1910.20.

(3) Access to information and training materials. (i) The employer shall

make readily available to all affected employees a copy of this standard and its

appendices.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the

employee information and training program to affected employees and their

designated representative, and to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

Construction Training Requirements

Methylenedianiline

1926.60(l)(3)(i) and

(ii)(A) through (C)

Lead in Construction

1926.62(l)(1)(i) through

(iv); (2)(i) through (viii)

and (3)(i) and (ii)
72

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Note: The requirements applicable to construction under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.(g)(1)(i) and (ii).

Note: The requirements applicable to construction under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(1)(i) and (ii); (2)(i) through

(vii); (3)(i) through (iv) and (4) through (9).

(b) Ear protective devices inserted in the ear shall be fitted or determined

individually by competent persons.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction under this section are

identical to those set forth in 1910.134(k)(3)

(5) As warranted by the project, the employer shall provide a trained and

equipped fire fighting organization (Fire Brigade) to ensure adequate protection

to life. “Fire Brigade” means an organized group of employees that are knowledgeable, trained, and skilled in the safe evacuation of employees during

emergency situations and in assisting in firefighting operations.

(viii) Portable fire extinguishers shall be inspected periodically and maintained in

accordance with Maintenance and Use of Portable Fire Extinguishers, NFPA No.

10A-1970.

From ANSI/NFPA Standard 10A-1970: “The owner or occupant of a property in

which fire extinguishers are located has an obligation for the care and use of these

extinguishers at all times. By doing so, he is contributing to the protection of life and

property. The nameplate(s) and instruction manual should be read and thoroughly

understood by all persons who may be expected to use extinguishers.

“1120. To discharge this obligation he should give proper attention to the inspection, maintenance, and recharging of this fire protective equipment. He should also

train his personnel in the correct use of fire extinguishers on the different types of

fires which may occur on his property.

“3020. Persons responsible for performing maintenance operations come from

three major groups:

“Trained industrial safety or maintenance personnel;

“Extinguisher service agencies;

“Individual owners (e.g., self-employed. . . .).

(2) Signaling directions by flagmen shall conform to American National Standards

Institute D6.1-1971, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and

Highways.

(1) Only employees who have been trained in the operation of the particular tool

in use shall be allowed to operate a powder actuated tool.

(12) Powder-actuated tools used by employees shall meet all other applicable

requirements of American National Standards Institute, A10.3-1970, Safety

Requirements for Explosive-Actuated Fastening Tools.

Process Safety

Management of Highly

Hazardous Chemicals

1926.64

Hazardous Waste

Operations and

Emergency Response

1926.65

Hearing Protection

1926.101(b)

Respiratory Protection

1926.103(c)(1)

Fire Protection

1926.150(a)(5)

1926.150(c)(1)(viii)

Powder-Operated Hand

Tools

1926.302(e)(1) and (12)

Signaling

1926.201(a)(2)
73

(f) Other requirements. All woodworking tools and machinery shall meet other

applicable requirements of American National Standards Institute, 01.1-1961, Safety

Code for Woodworking Machinery.

From ANSI Standard 01.1-1961, Selection and Training of Operators:

“Before a worker is permitted to operate any woodworking machine, he shall

receive instructions in the hazards of the machine and the safe method of its

operation. Refer to A9.7 of the Appendix.

“A9.7 Selection and Training of Operators. Operation of Machines, Tools,

and Equipment. General.”

“(1) Learn the machine’s applications and limitations, as well as the specific

potential hazards peculiar to this machine. Follow available operating

instructions and safety rules carefully.

“(2) Keep working area clean and be sure adequate lighting is available.

“(3) Do not wear loose clothing, gloves, bracelets, necklaces, or ornaments.

Wear face, eye, ear, respiratory, and body protection devices, as indicated for the

operation or environment.

“(4) Do not use cutting tools larger or heavier than the machine is designed to

accommodate. Never operate a cutting tool at greater speed than recommended.

“(5) Keep hands well away from saw blades and other cutting tools. Use a

push stock or push block to hold or guide the work when working close to a

cutting tool.

“(6) Whenever possible, use properly locked clamps, jig, or vise to hold the

work.

“(7) Combs (feather boards) shall be provided for use when an applicable

guard cannot be used.

“(8) Never stand directly in line with a horizontally rotating cutting tool.

This is particularly true when first starting a new tool, or a new tool is initially

installed on the arbor.

“(9) Be sure the power is disconnected from the machine before tools are

serviced.

“(10) Never leave the machine with the power on.

“(11) Be positive that hold-downs and anti-kickback devices are positioned

properly, and that the workpiece is being fed through the cutting tool in the right

direction.

“(12) Do not use a dull, gummy, bent, or cracked cutting tool.

“(13) Be sure that keys and adjusting wrenches have been removed before

turning power on.

“(14) Use only accessories designed for the machine.

“(15) Adjust the machine for minimum exposure of cutting tool necessary to

perform the operation.”

(d) Use of fuel gas. The employer shall thoroughly instruct employees in the

safe use of fuel gas as follows:

Construction Training Requirements

Woodworking Tools

1926.304(f)

Gas Welding and

Cutting

1926.350 (d)(1)

through (6)
74

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(1) Before a regulator to a cylinder valve is connected, the valve shall be

opened slightly and closed immediately. (This action is generally termed “cracking” and is intended to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter

the regulator.) The person cracking the valve shall stand to one side of the outlet,

not in front of it. The valve of a fuel gas cylinder shall not be cracked where the

gas would reach welding work, sparks, flame, or other possible sources of

ignition.

(2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to prevent damage to the

regulator. For quick closing, valves on fuel gas cylinders shall not be opened

more than 1-1/2 turns. When a special wrench is required, it shall be left in

position on the stem of the valve while the cylinder is in use so that the fuel gas

flow can be shut off quickly in case of an emergency. In the case of manifolded

or coupled cylinders, at least one such wrench shall always be available for

immediate use. Nothing shall be placed on top of a fuel gas cylinder, when in

use, which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of

the valve.

(3) Fuel gas shall not be used from cylinders through torches or other devices

which are equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a

suitable regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold.

(4) Before a regulator is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve

shall always be closed and the gas released from the regulator.

(5) If, when the valve on a fuel gas cylinder is opened, there is found to be a

leak around the valve stem, the valve shall be closed and the gland nut tightened.

If this action does not stop the leak, the use of the cylinder shall be discontinued,

and it shall be properly tagged and removed from the work area. In the event that

fuel gas should leak from the cylinder valve, rather than from the valve stem,

and the gas cannot be shut off, the cylinder shall be properly tagged and removed

from the work area. If a regulator attached to a cylinder valve will effectively

stop a leak through the valve seat, the cylinder need not be removed from the

work area.

(6) If a leak should develop at a fuse plug or other safety device, the cylinder

shall be removed from the work area.

(j) Additional rules For additional details not covered in this subpart, applicable technical portions of American National Standards Institute, Z49.1-1967,

Safety in Welding and Cutting, shall apply.

From ANSI Standard Z49.1-1967, Fire Watch Duties: “Fire watchers shall be

trained in the use of fire extinguishing equipment. They shall be familiar with

facilities for sounding an alarm in the event of a fire. They shall watch for fires

in all exposed areas, try to extinguish them only when obviously within the

capacity of the equipment available, or otherwise sound the alarm. A fire watch

shall be maintained for at least a half hour after completion of welding or cutting

operations to detect and extinguish possible smoldering fires.”

(d) Operating instructions. Employers shall instruct employees in the safe

means of arc welding and cutting as follows:

(1) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes shall be

removed and the holders shall be so placed or protected that they cannot make

electrical contact with employees or conducting objects.

Arc Welding and

Cutting

1926.351(d)(1) through

(5)

1926.350(j)
75

(2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped in water; to do so may expose

the arc welder or cutter to electric shock.

(3) When the arc welder or cutter has occasion to stop work for any appreciable length of time, or when the arc welding or cutting machine is to be

moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be opened.

(4) Any faulty or defective equipment shall be reported to the supervisor.

(5) Other requirements, as outlined in Article 630, National Electrical Code,

NFPA 70-1971; ANSI C1-1971 (Rev. of 1968), Electric Welders, shall be used

when applicable.

(e) When the welding, cutting, or heating operation is such that normal fire

prevention precautions are not sufficient, additional personnel shall be assigned

to guard against fire while the actual welding, cutting, or heating operation is

being performed, and for a sufficient period of time after completion of the work

to ensure that no possibility of fire exists. Such personnel shall be instructed as

to the specific anticipated fire hazards and how the firefighting equipment

provided is to be used.

(a) Before welding, cutting, or heating is commenced on any surface covered

by a preservative coating whose flammability is not known, a test shall be made

by a competent person to determine its flammability. Preservative coatings shall

be considered to be highly flammable when scrapings burn with extreme

rapidity.

(iii)(B) The employer shall designate one or more competent persons (as

defined in § 1926.32(f)) to implement the program.

Training Requirements. (a) The employer shall have each employee who

performs work while on a scaffold trained by a person qualified in the subject

matter to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used

and to understand the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. The

training shall include the following areas, as applicable:

(1) The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards and falling object hazards

in the work area;

(2) The correct procedures for dealing with electrical hazards and for erecting,

maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems and falling object

protection systems being used;

(3) The proper use of the scaffold and the proper handling of materials on the

scaffold;

(4) The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacities of the

scaffolds used; and

(5) Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart.

(b) The employer shall have each employee who is involved in erecting,

disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, maintaining, or inspecting a scaffold trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with the

work in question. The training shall include the following topics, as applicable:

(1) The nature of scaffold hazards;

(2) The correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating,

repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the type of scaffold in question;

Construction Training Requirements

Fire Prevention

1926.352(e)

Scaffolding—Training

Requirements

1926.454(a)(1) through

(5) and (b)(1) through

(4) and (c)(1) through

(3)

Welding, Cutting and

Heating in Way of

Preservative Coatings

1926.354(a)

Ground Fault Protection

1926.404(b)(iii)(B)
76

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(3) The design criteria, maximum intended load-carrying capacity and

intended use of the scaffold;

(4) Any other pertinent requirements of this subject.

(c) When the employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill

or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection use or dismantling

of scaffolds, the employer shall retrain each such employee so that the requisite

proficiency is regained. Retraining is required in at least the followoing

situations:

(1) Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which an employee

has not been previously trained;

(2) Where changes in the types of scaffolds, or other equipment present a

hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained; or

(3) Where inadequacies in an affected employee’s work involving scaffolds

indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite proficiency.

(a) Training Program. (1) The employer shall provide a training program for

each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. The program shall enable

each employee to recognize the hazards of falling and shall train each employee

in the procedures to be followed in order to minimize these hazards.

(2) The employer shall ensure that each employee has been trained, as

necessary, by a competent person qualified in the following areas:

(i) The nature of fall hazards in the work area;

(ii) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and

inspecting the fall protection systems to be used;

(iii) The use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems,

safety net systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, controlled

access zones, and other protection to be used;

(iv) The role of each employee in the safety monitoring system when this

system is used;

(v) The limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during the

performance of roofing work on low-slope roofs;

(vi) The correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment and

materials and the erection of overhead protection; and

(vii) The standards contained in this subpart.

(1) The employer shall comply with the manufacturer’s specifications and

limitations applicable to the operation of any and all cranes and derricks. Where

manufacturer’s specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the

equipment shall be based on the determinations of a qualified engineer competent in this field and such determinations will be appropriately documented and

recorded. Attachments used with cranes shall not exceed the capacity, rating, or

scope recommended by the manufacturer.

(5) The employer shall designate a competent person who shall inspect all

machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in

safe operating condition. Any deficiencies shall be repaired, or defective parts

replaced, before continued use.

Fall Protection—Training Requirements

1926.503(a)(1) and

(2)(ii) through (vii)

Cranes and Derricks

1926.550(a)(1), (5) and

(6)
77

(6) A thorough, annual inspection of the hoisting machinery shall be made by

a competent person or by a government or private agency recognized by the

U.S. Department of Labor. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates

and results of inspections for each hoisting machine and piece of equipment.

(4) Personnel platforms (i) Design criteria. (A) The personned platform and

suspension system shall be designed by a qualified engineer or a qualified

person competent in structural design.

(iv) A visual inspection of the crane or derrick, rigging, personnel platform,

and the crane or derrick base support or ground shall be conducted by a competent person immediately after the trial lift to determine whether the testing has

exposed any defect or produced any adverse effect upon any component or

structure.

(1) The employer shall comply with the manufacturer’s specifications and

limitations applicable to the operation of all hoists and elevators. Where

manufacturer’s specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the

equipment shall be based on the determinations of a professional engineer

competent in the field.

(c) Personnel hoists. (15) Following assembly and erection of hoists, and

before being put in service, an inspection and test of all functions and safety

devices shall be made under the supervision of a competent person. A similar

inspection and test is required following major alterations of an existing installation. All hoists shall be inspected and tested at not more than 3-month intervals. Records shall be maintained and kept on file for the duration of the job.

(17)(i) Personnel hoists used in bridge tower construction shall be approved

by a registered professional engineer and erected under the supervision of a

qualified engineer competent in this field.

(c) Lifting and hauling equipment (other than equipment covered under

Subpart N of this part).

(1)(vi) All industrial trucks in use shall meet the applicable requirements of

design, construction, stability, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation,

as defined in American National Standards Institute B56.1-1969, Safety

Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks.

From ANSI Standard B56.1-1969: Operator Training: “Only trained and

authorized operators shall be permitted to operate a powered industrial truck.

Methods shall be devised to train operators in the safe operation of powered

industrial trucks. Badges or other visual indication of the operators’

 authorization should be displayed at all times during the work period.”

(1) Employees engaged in site clearing shall be protected from hazards of

irritant and toxic plants and suitably instructed in the first-aid treatment

available.

(c) Access and egress (1) Structural ramps. (i) Structural ramps that are

used solely by employees as a means of access or egress from excavations shall

be designed by a competent person. Structural ramps used for access or egress

of equipment shall be designed by a competent person qualified in structural

design, and shall be constructed in accordance with the design.

Construction Training Requirements

Material Hoists,

Personnel Hoists, and

Elevators

1926.552(a)(1)

1926.552(c)(15) and

(17)(i)

Material Handling

Equipment

1926.602(c)(1)(vi)

Site Clearing

1926.604(a)(1)

Excavations General

Protection Requirements (Excavations,

Trenching, and Shoring)

1926.651(c)(1)(i)

1926.550(g)(4)(i)(A)

1926.550(g)(5)(iv)
78

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(h) Protection from hazards associated with water accumulation. (2) If

water is controlled or prevented from accumulating by the use of water removal

equipment, the water removal equipment and operations shall be monitored by a

competent person to ensure proper operation.

(3) If excavation work interrupts the natural drainage of surface water (such

as streams), diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable means shall be used to

prevent surface water from entering the excavation and to provide adquate

drainage of the area adjacent to the excavation. Excavations subject to runoff

from heavy rains will require an inspection by a competent person and

compliance with paragraphs (h)(1) and (h)(2) of this section.

(i) Stability of adjacent structures. (1) Where the stability of adjoining buildings, walls, or other structures is endangered by excavation operations, support

systems such as shoring, bracing, or underpinning shall be provided to ensure

the stability of such structures for the protection of employees.

(iii) A registered professional engineer has approved the determination that the

structure is sufficiently removed from the excavation so as to be unaffected by the

excavation activity; or

(iv) A registered professional engineer has approved the determination that such

excavation work will not pose a hazard to employees.

(k) Inspections. (1) Daily inspections of excavations, the adjacent areas, and

protective systems shall be made by a competent person for evidence of a situation

that could result in possible cave-ins, indications of failure of protective systems,

hazardous atmospheres, or other hazardous conditions. An inspection shall be

conducted by the competent person prior to the start of work and as needed throughout the shift. Inspections shall also be made after every rainstorm or other hazard

increasing occurrence. These inspections are only required when employee exposure

can be reasonably anticipated.

(2) Where the competent person finds evidence of a situation that could result in a

possible cave-in, indications of failure of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres,

or other hazardous conditions, exposed employees shall be removed from the

hazardous area until the necessary precautions have been taken to ensure their safety.

(a) No construction loads shall be placed on a concrete structure or portion of a

concrete structure unless the employer determines, based on information received

from a person who is qualified in structural design, that the structure or portion of the

structure is capable of supporting the loads.

(i) The design of the shoring shall be prepared by a qualified designer and the

erected shoring shall be inspected by an engineer qualified in structural design.

(4) Plumbing-up guys shall be removed only under the supervision of a competent

person.

(d) Safety instruction. All employees shall be instructed in the recognition and

avoidance of hazards associated with underground construction activities including,

where appropriate, the following subjects:

(1) Air monitoring;

(2) Ventilation;

1926.651(i)(1)

1926.651(i)(2)(iii)

1926.651(i)(2)(iv)

1926.703(b)(8)(i)

1926.651(k)(1) and (2)

Concrete and Masonry

Construction

1926.701(a)

Bolting, Riveting,

Fitting-Up and

Plumbing Up

1926.752(d)(4)

Underground

Construction

1926.800(d)

1926.651(h)(2) and (3)
79

(3) Illumination;

(4) Communications;

(5) Flood control;

(6) Mechanical equipment;

(7) Personal protective equipment;

(8) Explosives;

(9) Fire prevention and protection; and

(10) Emergency procedures, including evacuation plans and check-in/check-out

systems.

(g)Emergency provisions. (2) Self-rescuers. The employer shall provide self-rescuers

having current approval from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

and the Mine Safety and Health Administration to be immediately available to all employees at work stations in underground areas where employees might be trapped by smoke or

gas. The selection, issuance, use, and care of respirators shall be in accordance with

paragraphs (b) and (c) of 1926.103.

(g) Emergency provisions. (5) Rescue teams. (iii) Rescue team members shall be

qualified in rescue procedures, the use and limitations of breathing apparatus, and the use

of firefighting equipment. Qualifications shall be reviewed not less than annually.

(iv) On jobsites where flammable or noxious gases are encountered or anticipated in

hazardous quantities, rescue team members shall practice donning and using self-contained

breathing apparatus monthly.

(v) The employer shall ensure that rescue teams are familiar with conditions at the

jobsite.

(j) Air quality and monitoring. (1) General (i)(A) The employer shall assign a

 competent person who shall perform all air monitoring required by this section.

(B) Where this paragraph requires monitoring of airborne contaminants “as often as

necessary,” the competent person shall make a reasonable determination as to which

substances to monitor and how frequently to monitor taking into consideration: location of

jobsite; geology of the jobsite; presence of air contaminants in nearby jobsites and changes

in levels of substances monitored on prior shifts; and work practices and jobsite conditions

including use of diesel engines, explosives, fuel gas, volume and flow of ventilation,

visible atmospheric conditions, decompression of the atmosphere, welding, cutting, and

hot work, and employees’ physical reactions to working underground.

(j) Air quality and monitoring. (1) General. (vi) When the competent person determines, on the basis of air monitoring results or other information, that air contaminants

may be present in sufficient quantity to be dangerous to life, the employer shall:

(A) Prominently post a notice at all entrances to the underground jobsite to inform all

entrants of the hazardous condition; and

(B) Ensure that the necessary precautions are taken.

(o) Ground support (3) Underground areas (i)(A) A competent person shall inspect the

roof, face, and walls of the work area at the start of each shift and as often as necessary to

determine ground stability.

Construction Training Requirements

1926.800(j)(1)(i)(A) and

(B)

1926.800(g)(2)

1926.800(j)(1)(vi)(A)

and (B)

1926.800(g)(5)(iii)

through (v)

1926.800(o)(3)(i)(A)
80

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(o) Ground support (3) Underground areas (iv)(B) A competent person shall

determine whether rock bolts meet the necessary torque, and shall determine the

testing frequency in light of the bolt system, ground conditions, and the distance

from vibration sources.

(t) Hoisting unique to underground construction. (3) Additional requirements for hoists. (xix) A competent person shall visually check all hoisting

machinery, equipment, anchorages, and hoisting ropes at the beginning of each

shift during hoist use, as necessary.

(xx) Each safety device shall be checked by a competent person at least

weekly during hoist use to ensure suitable operation and safe condition.

(1) There shall be present, at all times, at least one competent person designated

by and representing the employer, who shall be familiar with this subpart in all

respects, and responsible for full compliance with these and other applicable

subparts.

(2) Every employee shall be instructed in the rules and regulations which concern

his safety or the safety of others.

(1) There shall be retained one or more licensed physicians familiar with and

experienced in the physical requirements and the medical aspects of compressed air

work and the treatment of decompression illness. He shall be available at all times

while work is in progress in order to provide medical supervision of employees

employed in compressed air work. He shall himself be physically qualified and be

willing to enter a pressurized environment.

(10) The medical lock shall:

(xii) Be in constant charge of an attendant under the direct control of the retained

physician. The attendant shall be trained in the use of the lock and suitably instructed

regarding steps to be taken in the treatment of employees exhibiting symptoms

compatible with a diagnosis of decompression illness.

(1) Every employee going under air pressure for the first time shall be instructed

on how to avoid excessive discomfort.

(2) In the event it is necessary for an employee to be in compressed air more than

once in a 24-hour period, the appointed physician shall be responsible for the

establishment of methods and procedures of decompression applicable to repeated

exposures.

(3) If decanting is necessary, the appointed physician shall establish procedures

before any employee is permitted to be decompressed by decanting methods. The

period of time that the employees spend at atmospheric pressure between the

decompression following the shift and recompression shall not exceed 5 minutes.

(1) At all times there shall be a thoroughly experienced, competent, and reliable

person on duty at the air control valves as a gauge tender who shall regulate the

pressure in the working areas. During tunneling operations, one gauge tender may

regulate the pressure in not more than two headings: Provided, that the gauge and

controls are all in one location. In caisson work, there shall be a gauge tender for

each caisson.

(a) Prior to permitting employees to start demolition operations, an engineering

survey shall be made, by a competent person, of the structure to determine the

condition of the framing, floors, and walls, and the possibility of unplanned collapse

1926.800(o)(3)(iv)(B)

1926.800(t)(3)(xix) and

(xx)

Compressed Air

1926.803(a)(1) and (2)

1926.803(b)(1) and

(10)(xii)

1926.803(e)(1)

1926.803(f)(2) and (3)

1926.803(h)(1)

Preparatory Operations

1926.850(a)
81

of any portion of the structure. Any adjacent structure where employees may be

exposed shall also be simlarly checked. The employer shall have in writing evidence

that such a survey has been performed.

(c) A substantial gate shall be installed in each chute at or near the discharge end.

A competent employee shall be assigned to control the operation of the gate, and the

backing and loading of trucks.

(g) During demolition, continuing inspections by a competent person shall be

made as the work progresses to detect hazards resulting from weakened or deteriorated floors, or walls, or loosened material. No employee shall be permitted to work

where such hazards exist until they are corrected by shoring, bracing, or other

effective means.

(a) The employer shall permit only authorized and qualified persons to handle

and use explosives.

(i) The prominent display of adequate signs, warning against the use of mobile

radio transmitters, on all roads within 1,000 feet (303 meters) of blasting operations. Whenever adherence to the 1,000-feet (303 meters) distance would create

an operational handicap, a competent person shall be consulted to evaluate the

particular situation, and alternative provisions may be made which are adequately designed to prevent any premature firing of electric blasting caps. A

description of any such alternatives shall be reduced to writing and shall be

certified as meeting the purposes of this subdivision by the competent person

consulted. The description shall be maintained at the construction site during the

duration of the work, and shall be available for inspection by representatives of

the Secretary of Labor.

(q) All loading and firing shall be directed and supervised by competent

persons thoroughly experienced in this field.

(c) A blaster shall be qualified, by reason of training, knowledge, or experience, in the field of transporting, storing, handling, and use of explosives, and

have a working knowledge of State and local laws and regulations which pertain

to explosives.

(d) Blasters shall be required to furnish satisfactory evidence of competency

in handling explosives and performing in a safe manner the type of blasting that

will be required.

(e) The blaster shall be knowledgeable and competent in the use of each type

of blasting method used.

(b) Motor vehicles or conveyances transporting explosives shall only be

driven by, and be in the charge of, a licensed driver who is physically fit. He

shall be familiar with the local, State, and Federal regulations governing the

transportation of explosives.

(i) Each vehicle used for transportation of explosives shall be equipped with a

fully charged fire extinguisher, in good condition. An Underwriters Laboratoryapproved extinguisher of not less than 10-ABC rating will meet the minimum

requirement. The driver shall be trained in the use of the extinguisher on his

vehicle.

Construction Training Requirements

Mechanical Demolition

1926.859(g)

Chutes

1926.852(c)

General Provisions

(Blasting and Use of

Explosives)

1926.900(a)

1926.900(k)(3)(i)

1926.900(q)

Blaster Qualifications

1926.901(c), (d), and

(e)

Surface Transportation

of Explosives

1926.902(b) and (i)
82

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(a) A code of blasting signals equivalent to Table U-1, shall be posted on one

or more conspicuous places at the operation, and all employees shall be required

to familiarize themselves with the code and conform to it. Danger signs shall be

placed at suitable locations.

 Table U-1

WARNING SIGNAL—A 1-minute series of long blasts 5 minutes prior to

blast signal.

BLAST SIGNAL—A series of short blasts 1 minute prior to the shot.

ALL CLEAR SIGNAL—A prolonged blast following the inspection of blast

area.

(1) When deenergizing lines and equipment operated in excess of 600 volts,

and the means of disconnecting from electric energy is not visibly open or

visibly locked out, the provisions of subdivisions (i) through (vii) of this subparagraph shall be complied with:

(ii) Notification and assurance from the designated employee [a qualified

person delegated to perform specific duties under the conditions existing] shall

be obtained that asserts that:

(a) All switches and disconnectors through which electric energy may be supplied

to the particular section of line or equipment to be worked have been deenergized;

(b) All switches and disconnectors are plainly tagged indicating that men are at

work;

(c) And that where design of such switches and disconnectors permits, they have

been rendered inoperable.

(vi) When more than one independent crew requires the same line or equipment

to be deenergized, a prominent tag for each such independent crew shall be placed on

the line or equipment by the designated employee in charge.

(vii) Upon completion of work on deenergized lines or equipment, each designated employee in charge shall determine that all employees in his crew are clear,

that protective grounds installed by his crew have been removed, and he shall report

to the designated authority that all tags protecting his crew may be removed.

(2) When a crew working on a line or equipment can clearly see that the means of

disconnecting from electric energy are visibly open or visibly locked-out, the provisions of subdivisions (i) and (ii) of this paragraph shall apply:

(ii) Upon completion of work on deenergized lines or equipment, each designated

employee in charge shall determine that all employees in his crew are clear, that

protective grounds installed by his crew have been removed, and he shall report to

the designated authority that all tags protecting his crew may be removed.

(1) The employer shall provide training or require that his employees are knowledgeable and proficient in:

(i) Procedures involving emergency situations, and

(ii) First-aid fundamentals including resuscitation.

(2) In lieu of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph the employer may

comply with the provisions of § 1926.50(c) regarding first-aid requirements.

Firing the Blast

1926.909(a)

General

Requirements

(Power

Transmission and

Distribution)

1926.950(d)(1)(ii)(a),

through (c), (vi) and

(vii)

1926.950(d)(2)(ii)

1926.950(e)(1)(i) and

(ii) and (2)
83

(3)(i) A designated employee shall be used in directing mobile equipment

adjacent to footing excavations.

(b) Metal Tower Construction. (8) A designated employee shall be utilized to

determine that required clearance is maintained in moving equipment under or

near energized lines.

(d) Stringing adjacent to energized lines. (1) Prior to stringing parallel to an

existing energized transmission line a competent determination shall be made to

ascertain whether dangerous induced voltage buildups will occur, particularly

during switching and ground fault conditions. When there is a possibility that

such dangerous induced voltage may exist, the employer shall comply with the

provisions of subparagraphs (2) through (9) of this paragraph in addition to the

provisions of paragraph (c) of this § 1926.955, unless the line is worked as

energized.

(1) Employes shall be instructed and trained in the live-line hand technique

and the safety requirements pertinent thereto before being permitted to use the

technique on energized circuits.

(4) All work shall be personally supervised by a person trained and qualified

to perform live-line, bare-hand work.

(1) While work is being performed in manholes, an employee shall be available in the immediate vicinity to render emergency assistance as may be required. This shall not preclude the employee in the immediate vicintiy from

occasionally entering a manhole to provide assistance, other than emergency.

This requirement does not preclude a qualified employee [a person who by

reason of experience or training is familiar with the operation to be performed

and the hazards involved], working alone, from entering for brief periods of

time, a manhole where energized cables or equipment are in service, for the

purpose of inspection, housekeeping, taking readings, or similar work if such

work can be performed safely.

(1) When construction work is performed in an energized substation, authorization shall be obtained from the designated, authorized person [a qualified

person delegated to perform specific duties under the conditions existing] before

work is started.

(1) Work on or adjacent to energized control panels shall be performed by

designated employees.

(1) Use of vehicles, gin poles, cranes, and other equipment in restricted or

hazardous areas shall at all times be controlled by designated employees.

(15) Ladders shall be inspected by a competent person for visible defects on a

periodic basis and after any occurrence that could affect their safe use.

The following training provisions clarify the requirements of

§ 1926.21(b)(2) regarding the hazards addressed in subpart X.

(a) The employer shall provide a training program for each employee using

ladders and stairways, as necessary. The program shall enable each employee to

recognize hazards related to ladders and stairways, and shall train each employee

in the procedures to be followed to minimize these hazards.

(1) The employer shall ensure that each employee has been trained by a

competent person in the following areas, as applicable:

Construction Training Requirements

1926.955(b)(8) and

(d)(1)

Overhead Lines

1926.955(b)(3)(i)

Underground Lines

1926.956(b)(1)

Construction in Energized Substations

1926.957(a)(1)

1926.955(e)(1) and (4)

1926.957(d)(1)

Ladders

1926.1053(b)(15)

1926.957(e)(1)

Training

Requirements

1926.1060(a)(i) through

(v) and (b)
84

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

(i) The nature of fall hazards in the work area;

(ii) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the

fall protection systems to be used;

(iii) The proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all

stairways and ladders;

(iv) The maximum intended load carrying capacities of ladders used; and

(v) the standards contained in this subpart.

(b) Retraining shall be provided for each employee as necessary so that the

employee maintains the understanding and knowledge acquired through

 compliance with this section.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.410.

(9) Employee information and training. (i) The employer shall, at no cost, to

the employee, institute a training program for all employees who are likely to be

exposed in excess of a PEL and for all employees who perform Class I through

IV asbestos operations, and shall ensure their participation in the program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at at the time of initial

assignment and at least annually thereafter.

(iii) Training for Class I operations shall be the equivalent in curriculum,

training method and length to the EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP)

asbestos abatement workers training (40 CFR part 763, subpart E, appendix C).

(viii) The training program shall be conducted in a manner that the employee

is able to understand. In addition to the content required by provisions in paragraph (k)(9)(iii) through (vi), the employer shall ensure that such employee is

informed of the following:

(A) Methods of recognizing asbestos including the requirement in paragraph

(k)(1) to presume that certain building materials contain asbestos;

(B) The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;

(C) The relationship between smoking and asbestos in producing lung cancer.

(D) The nature of operations that could result in exposure to asbestos, the

importance of necessary protective controls to minimize exposure including, as

applicable, engineering controls, work practices, respirators, housekeeping

procedures, hygiene facilities, protective clothing, decontamination procedures,

emergency procedures, and waste disposal procedures, and any necessary instruction in the use of these controls and procedures where Class III and IV work

will be or is performed, the contents of EPA 20T-2003, “Managing Asbestos

In-Place” July 1990 or its equivalent in content;

(E) The purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and limitations of

respirators as required by 29 CFR 1910.134.

(10) Access to training materials. (i) The employer shall make readily available to affected employees without cost, written materials relating to the

employee training program, including a copy of this regulation.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 1910.1003.

Asbestos

1926.1101(9)(i) through

(viii)(A) through (e)(10)

Commercial

Diving Operations

1926.1076

13 Carcinogens

1926.1103
85

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 1910.1017.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1018.

(4) Employee information and training. (i) The employer shall insitute a

training program for all employees who are potentially exposed to cadmium,

assure employee participation in the program, and maintain a record of the

contents of such a program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment to a

job involving potential exposure to cadmium and at least annually thereafter.

(iii) The employer shall make the training program understandable to the

employee(s) and shall assure that each employee is informed of the

following:

(A) The health hazards associated with cadmium exposure, with special

attention to the information incorporated in Appendix A of this section;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and storage of cadmium in

the workplace and the specific nature of operations that could result in exposure

to cadmium, especially exposures above the PEL;

(C) The engineering controls and work practices associated with the

employees’ job assignments;

(D) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from exposure to

cadmium, including modification of such habits as smoking and personal hygiene, and specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect

exployees from exposure to cadmium such as appropriate work practices,

emergency procedures, and the provision of personal protective equipment;

(E) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, proper use, and limitations of

respirators and protective clothing.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1028.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1029.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1044.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1045.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1047.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1048.

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this

 section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1052.

Construction Training Requirements

Vinyl Chloride

1926.1117

Inorganic Arsenic

1926.1118

Cadmium

1926.1127(m)(4)(i)

through (iii)(A) through

(E)

Coke Oven

Emissions

1926.1129

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane

1926.1144

Benzene

1926.1128

Acrylonitrile

1926.1145

Ethylene Oxide

1926.1147

Formaldehyde

1926.1148

Methylene

Chloride

1926.1152
86

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Agricultural Training Requirements

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29, Code

of Federal Regulations Part 1928. Note that in addition to these requirements,

Part 1910, relating to general industry, also contains applicable training

standards.

Roll-Over Protective

Structures (ROPS) for

Tractors Used in AgriCultural Operations

1928.51(d)

Guarding of Farm Field

Equipment, Farmstead

Equipment, and Cotton

Gins

1928.57(a)(6(i) through

(v)

Temporary Labor

Camps

1928.142

Logging

1928.266

Hazard Communication

1928.1200

Cadmium

1928.1027

Subject and

Standard Number

Training Requirement

Note: The requirements applicable to agricultural training requirements under

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.142.

Note: The requirements applicable to agricultural training requirements under

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.266.

Note: The requirements applicable to agricultural training requirements under

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1200.

Note: The requirements applicable to agricultural training requirements under

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR1910.1027.

(d) Operating instructions. Every employee who operates an agricultural tractor shall be

informed of the operating practices contained in Exhibit A of this part and of any other

practices dictated by the work environment. Such information shall be provided at the

time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.

Exhibit A—Employee Operating Instructions

1. Securely fasten your seat belt if the tractor has a ROPS.

2. Where possible, avoid operating the tractor near ditches, embankments, and holes.

3. Reduce speed when turning, crossing slopes, and on rough, slick, or muddy surfaces.

4. Stay off slopes too steep for safe operation.

5. Watch where you are going, especially at row ends, on roads, and around trees.

6. Do not permit others to ride.

7. Operate the tractor smoothly—no jerky turns, starts, or stops.

8. Hitch only to the drawbar and hitch points recommended by tractor

manufacturers.

9. When tractor is stopped, set brakes securely and use park lock if available.

(6) Operating instructions. At the time of initial assignment and at least annually

thereafter, the employer shall instruct every employee in the safe operation and servicing of

all covered equipment with which he is or will be involved, including at least

the following safe operating practices:

(i) Keep all guards in place when the machine is in operation.

(ii) Permit no riders on farm field equipment other than persons required for

instruction or assistance in machine operation;

(iii) Stop engine, disconnect the power source, and wait for all machine movement to

stop before servicing, adjusting, cleaning, or unclogging the equipment, except where the

machine must be running to be properly serviced or maintained, in which case the employer shall instruct employees as to all steps and procedures which are necessary to safely

service or maintain the equipment;

(iv) Make sure everyone is clear of machinery before starting the engine, engaging

pow-er, or operating the machine;
87

Agricultural Training Requirements

1928.57(d)(1)(viii)

Cadmium

1928.1027

(v) Lock out electrical power before performing maintenance or service on

farmstead equipment.

(d)Cotton ginning equipment. (1) Power transmission components. (viii) In power

plants and power development rooms where access is limited to authorized personnel,

guard railings may be used in place of guards or guarding by location. Authorized employees having access to power plants and power development rooms shall be instructed in the

safe operation and maintenance of the equipment in accordance with paragraph (a)(6) of

this section.

Note: The requirements applicable to agricultural training requirements under this

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1027.
88

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Federal Employee Programs Training Requirements

Financial Management

1960.7(c)(1)

Qualifications of Safety

and Health Inspectors

and Agency Inspectors

1960.25(a)

Safety and Health

Services

1960.34(e)(1)

Agency Responsibilities

1960.39(b)

Training of Top

Management

1960.54

Training of Supervisors

1960.55(a) and (b)

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29,

Code of Federal Regulations Part 1960. Note that in addition to these requirements, Part 1910, relating to general industry, also contains applicable

training standards.

Subject and

Standard Number

Training Requirement

(c) Appropriate resources for an agency’s occupational safety and health

program shall include, but not be limited to:

(1) Sufficient personnel to implement and administer the program at all levels, including necessary administrative costs such as training, travel, and personal protective equipment.

(a) Executive Order 12196 requires that each agency utilize as inspectors

“personnel with equipment and competence to recognize hazards.” Inspections

shall be conducted by inspectors qualified to recognize and evaluate hazards of

the working environment and to suggest general abatement procedures. Safety

and health specialists as defined in 29 CFR 1960.2(s), with experience and/or

up-to-date training in occupational safety and health hazard recognition and

evaluation are considered as meeting the qualifications of safety and health

inspectors. For those working environments where there are less complex hazards, such safety and health specializations as cited above may not be required,

but inspectors in such environments shall have sufficient documented training

and/or experience in the safety and health hazards of the workplace involved to

recognize and evaluate those particular hazards and to suggest general abatement

procedures. All inspection personnel must be provided the equipment necessary

to conduct a thorough inspection of the workplace involved.

(e) Safety and health services. The General Services Administration (GSA)

will operate and maintain for user agencies the following services:

(1) Listings in the “Federal Supply Schedule” of safety and health services and

equipment which are approved for use by agencies when needed. Examples of

such services are: Workplace inspections, training, industrial hygiene surveys,

asbestos bulk sampling, and mobile health testing. Examples of such equipment

are: Personal protective equipment and apparel, safety devices, and

environmental monitoring equipment.

(b) Agencies shall provide all committee members appropriate training as

required by subpart H of this part.

Each agency shall provide top management officials with orientation and other

learning experiences which will enable them to manage the occupational safety

and health programs of their agencies. Such orientation should include coverage

of section 19 of the Act, Executive Order 12196, the requirements of this part,

and the agency safety and health program.

(a) Each agency shall provide occupational safety and health training for

supervisory employees that includes: supervisory responsibility for providing

and maintaining safe and healthful working conditions for employees; the

agency occupational safety and health program; section 19 of the Act; Executive

Order 12196; this part; occupational safety and health standards applicable to the
89

assigned workplaces; agency procedures for reporting hazards; agency procedures for reporting and investigating allegations of reprisal; and agency procedures for the abatement of hazards, as well as other appropriate rules and

regulations.

(b) This supervisory training should include introductory and specialized

courses and materials which will enable supervisors to recognize and eliminate,

or reduce, occupational safety and health hazards in their working units. Such

training shall also include the development of requisite skills in managing the

agency’s safety and health program within the work unit, including the training

and motivation of subordinates toward assuring safe and healthful work

practices.

(a) Each agency shall provide occupational safety and health training for

safety and health specialists through courses, laboratory experiences, field study,

and other formal learning experiences to prepare them to perform the necessary

technical monitoring, consulting, testing, inspecting, designing, and other tasks

related to program development and implementation, as well as hazard recognition, evaluation and control, equipment and facility design, standards, analysis

of accident, injury, and illness data, and other related tasks.

(b) Each agency shall implement career development programs for their

occupational safety and health specialists to enable the staff to meet present and

future program needs of the agency.

Each agency shall provide training for safety and health inspectors with

respect to appropriate standards, and the use of appropriate equipment and

testing procedures necessary to identify and evaluate hazards and suggest general abatement procedures during or following their assigned inspections, as well

as preparation of reports and other documentation to support the inspection

findings

Within six months after October 1, 1980, or on appointment of an employee

to a collateral duty position or to a committee, each agency shall provide training for collateral duty safety and health personnel and all members of certified

occupational safety and health committees commensurate with the scope of their

assigned responsibilities. Such training shall include: the agency occupational

safety and health program; section 19 of the Act; Executive Order 12196; this

part; agency procedures for the reporting, evaluation and abatement of hazards;

agency procedures for reporting and investigating allegations of reprisal; the

recognition of hazardous conditions and environments; identification and use of

occupational safety and health standards, and other appropriate rules and

regulations.

(a) Each agency shall provide appropriate safety and health training for

employees including specialized job safety and health training appropriate to the

work performed by the employee, for example: Clerical, printing, welding, crane

operation, chemical analysis, and computer operations. Such training also shall

inform employees of the agency occupational safety and health program, with

emphasis on their rights and responsibilities.

(b) Occupational safety and health training for employees of the agency who

are representatives of employee groups, such as labor organizations which are

recognized by the agency, shall include both introductory and specialized

courses and materials that will enable such groups to function appropriately in

ensuring safe and healthful working conditions and practices in the workplace

Training of Safety and

Health Specialists

1960.56(a) and (b)

Training of Safety and

Health Inspectors

1960.57

Training of Collateral

Duty Safety and Health

Personnel and

Committee Members

1926.58

Training of Employees

and Employee

Representatives

1960.59(a) and (b)

Federal Employee Training Requirements
90

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

and enable them to effectively assist in conducting workplace safety and health

inspections. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to alter training provisions provided by law, Executive Order, or collective bargaining arrangements.

(a) Agency heads may seek training assistance from the Secretary of Labor,

the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and other appropriate

sources.

(b) After the effective date of Executive Order 12196, the Secretary shall,

upon request and with reimbursement, conduct orientation for Designated

Agency Safety and Health Officials and/or their designees which will enable

them to manage the occupational safety and health programs of their agencies.

Such orientation shall include coverage of section 19 of the Act, Executive Order

12196, and the requirements of this part.

(c) Upon request and with reimbursement, the Department of Labor shall

provide each agency with training materials to assist in fulfilling the training

needs of this subpart, including resident and field training courses designed to

meet selected training needs of agency safety and health specialists, safety and

health inspectors, and collateral duty safety and health personnel. These materials and courses in no way reduce each agency’s responsibility to provide whatever specialized training is required by the unique characteristics of its work.

(d) In cooperation with the Office of Personnel Management, the Secretary

will develop guidelines and/or provide materials for the safety and health training programs for high-level managers, supervisors, members of committees, and

employee representatives.

(b) The Secretary shall provide leadership and guidance and make available

equipment, supplies, and staff services to the Field Federal Safety and Health

Councils to assist them in carrying out their responsibilities. The Secretary shall

also provide consultative and technical services to field councils. These services

shall involve aid in any phase of developing and planning programs; and in

sponsoring, conducting, or supporting safety and health training courses.

(d) To promote coordination, cooperation, and sharing of resources and

expertise to aid agencies with inadequate or limited resources. These objectives

can be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, field councils could

organize and conduct training programs for employee representatives, collateral

duty and professional safety and health personnel, coordinate or promote programs for inspections, or, on request conduct inspections and evaluations of the

agencies’ safety and health programs.

Training Assistance

1960.60(a) through (d)

Role of the Secretary

1960.85(b)

Objectives of Field

Councils

1960.87(d)
91

Suggested Readings in Industrial Safety and Health Training and Other Resources

Suggested Readings in Industrial Safety and Health Training and Other Resources

Chemical Hazard Communication, OSHA 3084, OSHA/OICA

Publications, P.O. Box 37535 Washington DC 20210-7535.

Schedule and Registration Instructions, OSHA Training Institute,

1555 Times Drive, Des Plaines, IL 60018. Telephone: (847) 297-4810.

OSHA Safety and Health Training Guidelines for General Industry

(PB-239-310/AS), National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, VA 22161.

OSHA Safety and Health Training Guidelines for Maritime Employment (PB-239-311/AS), National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, VA 22161.

OSHA Safety and Health Training Guidelines for Construction

(PB-239-312/AS), National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, VA 22161.

Kirkpatrick, Donald L., A Practical Guide for Supervisory Training

and Development, Pages 158-161, 1983, Second Edition, AddisonWesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA 01867.

Mager, Robert F., Preparing Instructional Objectives, 1984, Second

Edition, Davis S. Lake Publishers, 19 Davis Drive, Belmont, CA

94002.

Supervisors Safety Manual, 1991, Seventh Edition, National Safety

Council, Chicago, Il 60611.

Reference List of Audiovisual Materials, National Audiovisual Center,

Washington, DC 20409.

OSHA Publications and Audiovisual Programs, OSHA 2019, OSHA/OICA

Publications P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20210-7535.
92

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Commissioner

Alaska Department of Labor

1111 West 8th Street

Room 306

Juneau, AK 99801

(907) 465-2700

Director

Industrial Commission of Arizona

800 W. Washington

Phoenix, AZ 85007

(602) 542-5795

Director

California Department

 of Industrial Relations

45 Fremont Street

San Francisco, CA 94105

(415) 972-8835

Commissioner

Connecticut Department of Labor

200 Folly Brook Boulevard

Wethersfield, CT 06109

(203) 566-5123

Director

Hawaii Department of Labor

 and Industrial Relations

830 Punchbowl Street

Honolulu, HI 96813

(808) 586-8844

Commissioner

Indiana Department of Labor

State Office Building

402 West Washington Street

Room W195

Indianapolis, IN 46204

(317) 232-2378

Commissioner

Iowa Division of Labor Services

1000 E. Grand Avenue

Des Moines, IA 50319

(515) 281-3447

Secretary

Kentucky Labor Cabinet

1047 U.S. Highway, 127 South

Frankfort, KY 40601

(502) 564-3070

Commissioner

Maryland Division of Labor

 and Industry

Department of Licensing

 and Regulation

1100 N. Eutaw Strret, Room 613

Baltimore, MD 21202-2206

(410) 767-2215

Director

Michigan Department

 of Consumer and Industry

 Services

4th Floor Law Building

P.O. Box 30004

Lansing, MI 48909

(517) 373-7230

Commissioner

Minnesota Department of Labor

 and Industry

443 Lafayette Road

St. Paul, MN 55155

(612) 296-2342

Administrator

Nevada Division of Industrial

 Relations

400 West King Street

Carson City, NV 89710

(702) 687-3032

Secretary

New Mexico Environment

 Department

1190 St. Francis Drive

P.O. Box 26110

Santa Fe, NM 87502

(505) 827-2850

States with Approved Plans

Commissioner

New York Department of Labor

W. Averill Harriman

State Office Building 12

Room 500

Albany, NY 12240

(518) 457-2741

Commissioner

North Carolina Department

 of Labor

319 Chapanoke Road

Raleigh, NC 27603

(919) 662-4585

Administrator

Department of Consumer

 and Business Services

Occupational Safety and Health

 Division (OR-OSHA)

350 Winter Street, N.E.

Rm. 430

Salem, OR 97310-0220

(503) 378-3272

Secretary

Puerto Rico Department of

 Labor and Human Resources

Prudencio Rivera Martinez

 Building

505 Munoz Rivera Avenue

Hato Rey, PR 00918

(809) 754-2119

Director

South Carolina Department

 of Labor, Licensing & Regulation

3600 Forest Drive

Koger Office Park,

Kingstree Building

110 Centerview Drive

P.O. Box 11329

Columbia, SC 29210

(803) 896-4300

Commissioner

Tennessee Department of Labor

710 James Robertson Parkway

Nashville, TN 37243-0659

(615) 741-2582
93

Commissioner

Virgin Islands Department

 of Labor

2131 Hospital Street, Box 890

Christiansted

St. Croix, VI 00820-4666

(809) 773-1994

Commissioner

Virginia Department of Labor

 and Industry

Powers-Taylor Building

13 South 13th Street

Richmond, VA 23219

(804) 786-2377

Commissioner

Industrial Commission of Utah

160 East 300 South, 3rd Floor

P.O. Box 146650

Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6650

(801) 530-6898

Commissioner

Vermont Department of Labor

 and Industry

National Life Building Drawer 20

120 State Street

Montpelier, VT 05620-3401

(802) 828-2288

Director

Washington Department of Labor

 and Industries

P.O. Box 44001

General Administrative Building

P.O. Box 4401

Olympia, WA 98504-40001

(360) 902-4200

Administrator

Workers’ Safety, & Compensation

Division (WSC)

Wyoming Dept. of Employment,

Herschler Building, 2nd Floor

 East

122 West 25th Street

Cheyenne, WY 82002

(307) 777-7786

States with Approved Plans
94

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

OSHA Consultation Project Directory

State Telephone State Telephone

Alabama ............................................ (205) 348-7136

Alaska ............................................... (907) 269-4957

Arizona ............................................. (602) 542-5795

Arkansas ........................................... (501) 682-4522

California .......................................... (415) 972-8515

Colorado ........................................... (970) 491-6151

Connecticut ....................................... (860) 566-4550

Delaware ........................................... (302) 761-8219

District of Columbia ......................... (202) 576-6339

Florida............................................... (904) 488-3044

Georgia ............................................. (404) 894-2643

Guam .......................................... 011(671) 475-0136

Hawaii............................................... (808) 586-9100

Idaho ................................................. (208) 385-3283

Illinois ............................................... (312) 814-2337

Indiana .............................................. (317) 232-2688

Iowa .................................................. (515) 965-7162

Kansas............................................... (913) 296-7476

Kentucky........................................... (502) 564-6895

Louisiana .......................................... (504) 342-9601

Maine ................................................ (207) 624-6460

Maryland........................................... (410) 880-4970

Massachusetts ................................... (617) 727-3982

Michigan .....................................(517) 322-1817 (H)

.................................................... (517) 322-1809 (S)

Minnesota ......................................... (612) 297-2393

Mississippi ........................................ (601) 987-3981

Missouri ............................................ (573) 751-3403

Montana ............................................ (406) 444-6418

Nebraska ........................................... (402) 471-4717

Nevada .............................................. (702) 789-5016

New Hampshire ................................ (603) 271-2024

New Jersey........................................ (609) 292-2424

New Mexico ..................................... (505) 827-4230

New York .......................................... (518) 457-2481

North Carolina .................................. (919) 662-4644

North Dakota .................................... (701) 328-5188

Ohio .................................................. (614) 644-2246

Oklahoma ......................................... (405) 528-1500

Oregon .............................................. (503) 378-3272

Pennsylvania ..................................... (412) 357-2561

Puerto Rico ....................................... (787) 754-2188

Rhode Island ..................................... (401) 277-2438

South Carolina .................................. (803) 896-4300

South Dakota .................................... (605) 688-4101

Tennessee .......................................... (615) 741-7036

Texas ................................................. (512) 440-3809

Utah .................................................. (801) 530-7606

Vermont ............................................ (802) 828-2765

Virginia ............................................. (804) 786-6359

Virgin Islands .................................... (809) 772-1315

Washington ....................................... (360) 902-5638

West Virginia .................................... (304) 558-7890

Wisconsin ...................................(608) 266-8579 (H)

.................................................... (414) 521-5063 (S)

Wyoming .......................................... (307) 777-7786

(H) - Health

(S) - Safety
95

OSHA Area Offices

OSHA Area Offices

Area Telephone Area Telephone

Albany, NY ....................................... (518) 464-4338

Albuquerque, NM ............................. (505) 248-5302

Allentown, PA ................................... (610) 776-0592

Anchorage, AK ................................. (907) 271-5152

Appleton, WI .................................... (414) 734-4521

Austin, TX ........................................ (916) 482-5783

Avenel, NJ ........................................ (908) 750-3270

Baltimore, MD .................................. (410) 962-2840

Bangor, ME....................................... (207) 941-8177

Baton Rouge, LA .............................. (504) 389-0474

Bayside, NY...................................... (718) 279-9060

Bellevue, WA .................................... (206) 553-7520

Billings, MT...................................... (406) 247-7494

Birmingham, AL ............................... (205) 731-1534

Bismarck, ND ................................... (701) 250-4521

Boise, ID ........................................... (208) 321-2960

Bowmansville, NY ........................... (716) 684-3891

Braintree, MA ................................... (617) 565-6924

Bridgeport, CT .................................. (203) 579-5581

Calumet City, IL ............................... (708) 891-3800

Carson City, NV ............................... (702) 885-6963

Charleston, WV ................................ (304) 347-5937

Cincinnati, OH .................................. (513) 841-4132

Cleveland, OH .................................. (216) 522-3818

Columbia, SC ................................... (803) 765-5904

Columbus, OH .................................. (614) 469-5582

Concord, NH..................................... (603) 225-1629

Corpus Christi, TX ........................... (512) 888-3420

Dallas, TX ......................................... (214) 320-2400

Denver, CO ....................................... (303) 844-5285

Des Plaines, IL.................................. (847) 803-4800

Des Moines, IA ................................. (515) 284-4794

Englewood, CO ................................ (303) 843-4500

Erie, PA ............................................. (814) 833-5758

Fort Lauderdale, FL .......................... (954) 424-0242

Fort Worth, TX ................................. (817) 428-2470

Frankfort, KY ................................... (502) 227-7024

Harrisburg, PA .................................. (717) 782-3902

Hartford, CT ..................................... (860) 240-3152

Hasbrouck Heights, NJ ..................... (201) 288-1700

Guaynabo, PR ................................... (787) 277-1560

Honolulu, HI ..................................... (808) 541-2685

Houston, TX ..................................... (281) 286-0583

Houston, TX ..................................... (281) 591-2438

Indianapolis, IN ................................ (317) 226-7290

Jackson, MS ...................................... (601) 965-4606

Jacksonville, FL ................................ (904) 232-2895

Kansas City, MO............................... (816) 483-9531

Lansing, MI ...................................... (517) 377-1892

Little Rock, AR ................................. (501) 324-6291

Lubbock, TX ..................................... (806) 743-7681

Madison, WI ..................................... (608) 264-5388

Marlton, NJ ....................................... (609) 757-5181

Methuen, MA .................................... (617) 565-8110

Milwaukee, WI ................................. (414) 297-3315

Minneapolis, MN .............................. (612) 664-5460

Mobile, AL........................................ (334) 441-6131

Nashville, TN.................................... (615) 781-5423

New York, NY .................................. (212) 466-2482

Norfolk, VA....................................... (757) 441-3820

North Aurora, IL ............................... (630) 896-8700

Oklahoma City, OK .......................... (405) 231-5351

Omaha, NE ....................................... (402) 221-3182

Parsippany, NJ .................................. (201) 263-1003

Peoria, IL .......................................... (309) 671-7033

Philadelphia, PA................................ (215) 597-4955

Phoenix, AZ ...................................... (602) 640-2007

Pittsburgh, PA ................................... (412) 395-4903

Portland, OR ..................................... (503) 326-2251

Providence, RI .................................. (401) 528-4669

Raleigh, NC ...................................... (919) 856-4770

Salt Lake City, UT ............................ (801) 487-0073

Sacramento, CA ................................ (916) 566-7470

San Diego, CA .................................. (619) 557-2909

Savannah, GA ................................... (912) 652-4393

Smyrna, GA ...................................... (770) 984-8700

Springfield, MA ................................ (413) 785-0123

St. Louis, MO ................................... (314) 425-4249

Syracuse, NY .................................... (315) 451-0808

Tampa, FL ......................................... (813) 626-1177

Tarrytown, NY .................................. (914) 524-7510

Toledo, OH ....................................... (419) 259-7542

Tucker, GA........................................ (770) 493-6644

Westbury, NY.................................... (516) 334-3344

Wichita, KS....................................... (316) 269-6644

Wilkes-Barre, PA .............................. (717) 826-6538

Wilmington, DE ................................ (302) 573-6115
96

Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines

Region I

(CT,* MA, ME, NH, RI, VT*)

JFK Federal Building

Room E-340

Boston, MA 02203

Telephone: (617) 565-9860

Region II

(NJ, NY,*

 PR,* VI*)

201 Varick Street

Room 670

New York, NY 10014

Telephone: (212) 337-2378

Region III

(DC, DE, MD,*

 PA, VA,* WV)

Gateway Building, Suite 2100

3535 Market Street

Philadelphia, PA 19104

Telephone: (215) 596-1201

Region IV

(AL, FL, GA, KY,* MS, NC*, SC,* TN*)

Atlanta Federal Center

61 Forsyth Street, S.W., Room 6T50

Atlanta, GA 30303

Telephone: (404) 562-2300

Region V

(IL, IN,* MI,* MN,* OH, WI)

230 South Dearborn Street

Room 3244

Chicago, IL 60604

Telephone: (312) 353-2300

Region VI

(AR, LA, NM,*

 OK, TX)

525 Griffin Street

Room 602

Dallas, TX 75202

Telephone: (214) 767-4731

Region VII

(IA,* KS, MO, NE)

City Center Square

1100 Main Street, Suite 800

Kansas City, MO 64105

Telephone: (816) 426-5861

Region VIII

(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT,* WY*)

1999 Broadway, Suite 1690

Denver, CO 80202-5716

Telephone: (303) 844-1600

Region IX

(American Samoa, AZ,* CA,* Guam, HI,* NV,*

Trust Territories of the Pacific)

71 Stevenson Street

Room 420

San Francisco, CA 94105

Telephone: (415) 744-6670

Region X

(AK,*

 ID, OR,* WA*)

1111 Third Avenue

Suite 715

Seattle, WA 98101-3212

Telephone: (206) 553-5930

OSHA Regional Offices

*These states and territories operate their own OSHA-approved job safety and health

programs (Connecticut and New York plans cover public employees only). States with

approved programs must have a standard that is identical to, or at least effective, as the

federal standard.

Wilmi
ADDENDUM

Addendum to U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Publication No. 2254, Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines, Revised

1998.

 New general industry training requirements for powered industrial trucks (1910.178(l), page 38.

NOTE: These new training requirements for powered industrial trucks also apply to OSHA standards 1915.120 (shipyard employment), 1917.1 (marine terminals), 1918.1 (longshoring) and

1926.602 (construction).,

Powered Industrial (l) Operator training. (1) Safe operation. (I) The

Trucks employer shall ensure that each powered industrial truck

1910.178(l)(1)(I) and (ii); operator is competent to operate a powered industrial truck

(2)(I)(A) and (B)(ii) and safely, as demonstrated by the successful completion of the

(iii); (3)(I)(A) through training and evaluation specified in this paragraph.

(M); (ii)(A) through (I)

(iii); (4)(I) and (ii)(A) (ii) Prior to permitting an employee to operate a

through (E); (iii)(5), powered industrial truck (except for training purposes), the

(6), and (7) employer shall ensure that each operator has successfully

completed the training required by this paragraph (l),

except as permitted by paragraph (l)(5).

(2) Training program implementation (I) Trainees

may operate a powered industrial truck only:

(A) Under the direct supervision of persons who

have the knowledge, training, and experience to train

operators and evaluate their competence; and

(B) Where such operation does not endanger the

trainee or other employees.

(ii)Training shall consist of a combination of formal

instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer

learning, videotape, written material), practical training

(demonstrations performed by the trainer and practical

exercises performed by the trainee), and evaluation of the

operator’s performance in the workplace.
(iii) All operator training and evaluation shall be

conducted by persons who have the knowledge, training,

and experience to train powered industrial truck operators

and evaluate their competence.

(3) Training program content. Powered industrial

truck operators shall receive initial training in the following

topics, except in topics which the employer can demonstrate are not applicable to safe operation of the truck in the

employer’s workplace. (I) Truck-related topics:

(A) Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions for the types of truck the operator will be

authorized to operate;

(B) Differences between the truck and the

automobile;

(C) Truck controls and instrumentation: where they

are located, what they do, and how they work;

(D) Engine or motor operation;

(E) Steering and maneuvering;

(F) Visibility (including restrictions due to loading);

(G) Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, and

use limitations;

(H) Vehicle capacity;

(I) Vehicle stability;

(J) Any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the

operator will be required to perform;

(K) Refueling and/or charging and recharging of batteries;

(L) Operating limitations;

(M) Any other operating instructions, warnings, or

precautions listed in the operator’s manual for the types of vehicle

that the employee is being trained to operate.

(ii) Workplace related topics:
(A) Surface conditions where the vehicle will be operated;

(B) Composition of loads to be carried and load stability;

(C) Load manipulation, stacking, and unstacking;

(D) Pedestrian traffic in areas where the vehicle will be

operated;

(E) Narrow aisles and other restricted places where the

vehicle will be operated;

(F) Hazardous (classified) locations where the vehicle will

be operated;

(G) Ramps and other sloped surfaces that could affect the

vehicle’s stability;

(H) Closed environments and other areas where insufficient

ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could cause a buildup of

carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust;

(I) Other unique or potentially hazardous environmental

conditions in the workplace that could affect safe operation.

(iii) The requirements of this section.

(4) Refresher training and evaluation (i) Refresher

training, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of that

training, shall be conducted as required by paragraph (l)(4)(ii) to

ensure that the operator has the knowledge and skills needed to

operate the powered industrial truck safely.

(ii) Refresher training in relevant topics shall be provided to

the operator when:

(A) The operator has been observed to operate the vehicle

in an unsafe manner;

(B) The operator has been involved in an accident or nearmiss incident;

(C) The operator has received an evaluation that reveals

that the operator is not operating the truck safely;

(D) The operator is assigned to drive a different type of

truck; or
(E) A condition in the workplace changes in a manner that

could affect safe operation of the truck.

(iii) An evaluation of each powered industrial truck

operator’s performance shall be conducted at least once every three

years.

(5) Avoidance of duplicative training. If an operator has

previously received training in a topic specified in paragraph (l)(3)

of this section, and such training is appropriate to the truck and

working conditions encountered, additional training in that topic is

not required if the operator has been evaluated and found

competent to operate the truck safely.

(6) Certification. The employer shall certify that each

operator has been trained and evaluated as required by this

paragraph (l). Certification shall include the name of the

operator, the date of the training, the date of the evaluation, and the

identity of the person(s) performing the training or evaluation.

(7) Dates. The employer shall ensure that operators of

powered industrial truck are trained, as appropriate, by the

following dates: (A) If the employee was hired prior to December

1,1999, the initial training and evaluation of that employee must be

completed by December 1, 1999. (B) If the employee was hired

after December 1, 1999, the initial training and evaluation of that

employee must be completed before the employee is assigned to

operate a powered industrial truck.
ADDENDUM

Addendum to U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Publication No. 2254, Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines, Revised

1998.

 New general industry training requirements for powered industrial trucks (1910.178(l), page 38.

NOTE: These new training requirements for powered industrial trucks also apply to OSHA standards 1915.120 (shipyard employment), 1917.1 (marine terminals), 1918.1 (longshoring) and

1926.602 (construction).,

Powered Industrial (l) Operator training. (1) Safe operation. (I) The

Trucks employer shall ensure that each powered industrial truck

1910.178(l)(1)(I) and (ii); operator is competent to operate a powered industrial truck

(2)(I)(A) and (B)(ii) and safely, as demonstrated by the successful completion of the

(iii); (3)(I)(A) through training and evaluation specified in this paragraph.

(M); (ii)(A) through (I)

(iii); (4)(I) and (ii)(A) (ii) Prior to permitting an employee to operate a

through (E); (iii)(5), powered industrial truck (except for training purposes), the

(6), and (7) employer shall ensure that each operator has successfully

completed the training required by this paragraph (l),

except as permitted by paragraph (l)(5).

(2) Training program implementation (I) Trainees

may operate a powered industrial truck only:

(A) Under the direct supervision of persons who

have the knowledge, training, and experience to train

operators and evaluate their competence; and

(B) Where such operation does not endanger the

trainee or other employees.

(ii)Training shall consist of a combination of formal

instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer

learning, videotape, written material), practical training

(demonstrations performed by the trainer and practical

exercises performed by the trainee), and evaluation of the

operator’s performance in the workplace.
(iii) All operator training and evaluation shall be

conducted by persons who have the knowledge, training,

and experience to train powered industrial truck operators

and evaluate their competence.

(3) Training program content. Powered industrial

truck operators shall receive initial training in the following

topics, except in topics which the employer can demonstrate are not applicable to safe operation of the truck in the

employer’s workplace. (I) Truck-related topics:

(A) Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions for the types of truck the operator will be

authorized to operate;

(B) Differences between the truck and the

automobile;

(C) Truck controls and instrumentation: where they

are located, what they do, and how they work;

(D) Engine or motor operation;

(E) Steering and maneuvering;

(F) Visibility (including restrictions due to loading);

(G) Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, and

use limitations;

(H) Vehicle capacity;

(I) Vehicle stability;

(J) Any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the

operator will be required to perform;

(K) Refueling and/or charging and recharging of batteries;

(L) Operating limitations;

(M) Any other operating instructions, warnings, or

precautions listed in the operator’s manual for the types of vehicle

that the employee is being trained to operate.

(ii) Workplace related topics:
(A) Surface conditions where the vehicle will be operated;

(B) Composition of loads to be carried and load stability;

(C) Load manipulation, stacking, and unstacking;

(D) Pedestrian traffic in areas where the vehicle will be

operated;

(E) Narrow aisles and other restricted places where the

vehicle will be operated;

(F) Hazardous (classified) locations where the vehicle will

be operated;

(G) Ramps and other sloped surfaces that could affect the

vehicle’s stability;

(H) Closed environments and other areas where insufficient

ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could cause a buildup of

carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust;

(I) Other unique or potentially hazardous environmental

conditions in the workplace that could affect safe operation.

(iii) The requirements of this section.

(4) Refresher training and evaluation (i) Refresher

training, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of that

training, shall be conducted as required by paragraph (l)(4)(ii) to

ensure that the operator has the knowledge and skills needed to

operate the powered industrial truck safely.

(ii) Refresher training in relevant topics shall be provided to

the operator when:

(A) The operator has been observed to operate the vehicle

in an unsafe manner;

(B) The operator has been involved in an accident or nearmiss incident;

(C) The operator has received an evaluation that reveals

that the operator is not operating the truck safely;

(D) The operator is assigned to drive a different type of

truck; or
(E) A condition in the workplace changes in a manner that

could affect safe operation of the truck.

(iii) An evaluation of each powered industrial truck

operator’s performance shall be conducted at least once every three

years.

(5) Avoidance of duplicative training. If an operator has

previously received training in a topic specified in paragraph (l)(3)

of this section, and such training is appropriate to the truck and

working conditions encountered, additional training in that topic is

not required if the operator has been evaluated and found

competent to operate the truck safely.

(6) Certification. The employer shall certify that each

operator has been trained and evaluated as required by this

paragraph (l). Certification shall include the name of the

operator, the date of the training, the date of the evaluation, and the

identity of the person(s) performing the training or evaluation.

(7) Dates. The employer shall ensure that operators of

powered industrial truck are trained, as appropriate, by the

following dates: (A) If the employee was hired prior to December

1,1999, the initial training and evaluation of that employee must be

completed by December 1, 1999. (B) If the employee was hired

after December 1, 1999, the initial training and evaluation of that

employee must be completed before the employee is assigned to

operate a powered industrial truck.

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