# Puerto Rico Territory Energy Profile

Puerto Rico Quick Facts Puerto Rico has few conventional energy resources, and shipped in petroleum products are the dominant energy source for the island. In 2012, 65% of Puerto Rico’s electricity came frompetroleum, 18% from natural gas, 16% from coal, an d 1% from renewable energy. In 2010, Puerto Rico was fifth among U.S. states an d territories in installations of solar thermal hot water heaters; two wind facilities that began operations in 2012, the Santa Isabel and Punta da Lima plants, can supp ly about 120 megawatts of capacity; and up to 30 billion kilowat thours per year of electricity could potentially be generated by tapping ocean wave energy. Puerto Rico offers tax benefits to encourage instal lation of solar equipment and allows net metering, meaning that residents can sell power from home solar panels to the grid. Puerto Rico has adopted a Renewable Portfolio Stand ard requiring 20% of net electricity sales to come from renewable energy resources by 2035.
Last Updated: March 27, 2014



# Data Last Update: August 21, 2014 | Next Update: September 18, 2014


### Economy Population and Industry Puerto Rico United States Peri od Population 3.7 million 311.6 million 2011 Energy Intensity 4,541 Btu per 2005 U.S. dollar 7,329 Btu per 2005 U.S. dollar 2011
Reserves & Supply Reserves Puerto Rico United States Period Crude Oil 0 billion barrels 23 billion barrels 2011 Natural Gas Reserves 0 billion cu ft 305 billion cu ft 2011 Recoverable Coal -- 260,551 million short tons 2008 Production Puerto Rico United States Period Total Energy * 78 quadrillion Btu 2011 Crude Oil 0 thousand barrels/day 7,455 thousand barrels/day 201 3 Natural Gas - Marketed 0 billion cu ft 25,319 billion cu ft 2012 

### Puerto Rico Profile http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=RQ

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### Economy

Coal 0 thousand short tons 1,016,458 thousand short tons 2012
Capacity Puerto Rico United States Period Crude Oil Refinery Capacity (as of Jan. 1) 0 barrels/calendar day 17,823,659 barrels/calendar day 2013
Total Electricity Installed Capacity 6 million kW 1,053 million kW 2011 Net Electricity Generation Puerto Rico United States P eriod Total Net Electricity Generation 20 billion kWh 4,099 billion kWh 2011 Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Coal Net Electricity Generation 20 billion kWh 2,775 billion kWh 2012
Total Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources * 427 billion kWh 2010

» Hydroelectric * 276 billion kWh 2012

» Other Renewables 0 billion kWh 167 billion kWh 2010 Production Facilities Puerto Rico Major Coal Mines None Petroleum Refineries Shell Chem Yabucoa Inc (Yabucoa) Major Non-Nuclear Electricity Generating Plants Aguirre (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; Ar ecibo (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; Caonillas 1 (Puert o Rico Electric Power Authority) ; Central Palo Seco (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; Costa Sur (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; Dos Bocas (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; EcoElectrica (EcoElectrica) ; Garzas 1 (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; Garzas 2 (Puerto Rico E lectric Power Authority) ; Guayama (AES Puerto Rico) ; Rio Blanco (Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; San Juan Plant (Pu erto Rico Electric Power Authority) ; Toro Negro 1 (Puerto Ri co Electric Power Authority) ; Yauco 1 (Puerto Rico Electric Po wer Authority) ; Yauco 2 (Puerto Rico Electric Power Au thority) Nuclear Power Plants None Imports & Exports Total Imports Puerto Rico United States Period Crude Oil Imports 0 thousand barrels/day 9,213 thousand barrels/day 201 0 Total Petroleum Product Imports 176 thousand barrels/day 2,580 thousand barrels/day 2 010

» Motor Gasoline Imports 48 thousand barrels/day 134 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Jet Fuel Imports 10 thousand barrels/day 98 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Kerosene Imports 1 thousand barrels/day 2 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Distillate Fuel Imports 28 thousand barrels/day 228 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Residual Fuel Imports 60 thousand barrels/day 366 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Liquefied Petroleum Gas Imports 4 thousand barrels/day 179 thousand barrels/day 2010 

### Puerto Rico Profile http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=RQ

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### Economy

» Other Petroleum Products Imports 26 thousand barrels/day 1,572 thousand barrels/day 20 10 Natural Gas Imports 48 billion cu ft 3,138 billion cu ft 2012 Coal Imports 1,653 thousand short tons 10,294 thousand short tons 2012 Total Exports Puerto Rico United States Period Crude Oil Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 42 thousand barrels/day 2010 Total Petroleum Product Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 2,311 thousand barrels/day 201 0

» Motor Gasoline Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 296 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Jet Fuel Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 84 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Kerosene Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 1 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Distillate Fuel Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 656 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Residual Fuel Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 405 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Liquefied Petroleum Gas Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 164 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Other Petroleum Products Exports 0 thousand barrels/day 705 thousand barrels/day 2010 Natural Gas Exports 0 billion cu ft 1,619 billion cu ft 2012 Coal Exports 0 thousand short tons 126,720 thousand short tons 2012
Distribution & Marketing Distribution Centers Puerto Rico Oil Seaports/Oil Import Sites Guayanilla ; Humacao ; San Juan Natural Gas Market Centers None Major Pipelines None Consumption per Capita Puerto Rico United States Period Total Energy 105 million Btu/person 313 million Btu/person 2011 by Source Puerto Rico United States Period Total Energy * 97 quadrillion Btu 2011 Total Petroleum Products 176.0 thousand barrels/day 19,180.1 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Motor Gasoline 48.0 thousand barrels/day 8,992.7 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Distillate Fuel 28.0 thousand barrels/day 3,800.3 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Liquefied Petroleum Gases 3.5 thousand barrels/day 2,265.3 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Jet Fuel 10.0 thousand barrels/day 1,431.6 thousand barrels/day 2010 

### Puerto Rico Profile http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=RQ

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### Economy

» Kerosene 1 thousand barrels/day 20 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Residual Fuel 60 thousand barrels/day 535 thousand barrels/day 2010

» Other Petroleum Products 26 Thousand Barrels/Day 2,135 Thousand Barrels/Day 2010

Natural Gas 48 Billion cu ft 25,533 Billion cu ft 2012 Coal 1,653 Thousand Short Tons 889,185 Thousand Short Tons 2012

Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Source Puerto Rico United States Period Total Fossil Fuels 29 million metric tons 5,491 million metric tons 2011 Petroleum 24 million metric tons 2,299 million metric tons 2011 Natural Gas 1 million metric tons 1,318 million metric tons 2011 Coal 4 million metric tons 1,874 million metric tons 2011 

# Analysis Last Updated: December 18, 2013 

# Overview The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico consists of the eas ternmost islands of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, southeast ofFlorida. The commonwealth's main island, Puerto Rico, has coastal plains, sandybeaches, and a forested and mountainous interior, with the highest peak exceedi ng 4,000 feet. Rivers coursing through the mountains offer hydropower potential. T he tropical marine climate has little seasonal variation; temperatures average abo ut 80 degrees Fahrenheit all year. The hurricane season runs from June to Novemb er. The population is concentrated on Puerto Rico, with smaller populatio ns on Vieques and Culebra. There are smaller but uninhabited islands scattered around the main island. The islands' population has been just under 4 million a nd decreasing. Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, and emigration, mainly to the U.S. m ainland, increased in the recent recession. Agriculture, mainly sugarcane, dominated Puerto Ric o's economy until the middle of the 20th century. W hile rum is still produced, sugar cane is no longer raised in Puerto Rico, and agriculture has become a minor part of th e economy. Manufacturing now leads the private sector, with in dustries including pharmaceuticals and medical devi ces, electronics, aviation, and renewable energy. Manufacturing has b een attracted to Puerto Rico in part by special fed eral and commonwealth tax benefits. Tourism is also importan t to the economy, as is government, which employs n early one in three workers. Puerto Rico produces no conventional fuels. Like most Caribbean islands, it relies heav ily on imported petroleum to meet its energy needs. On average, the islands' residents use much less energy than mainl and consumers. Puerto Rico's energy intensity is typically just ov er two-thirds of U.S. energy intensity, and the ter ritory's energy consumption per capita is less than two-fifths of U .S. consumption. 

# Petroleum More than four-fifths of the energy used in Puerto Rico comes from petroleum. The islands neither prod uce nor refine petroleum, so all petroleum products are imported, shipped in through the ports of San Juan, Humacao, Guayanilla, and 

# Puerto Ricans use less than two-fifths the energy per capita that mainland Americans use. Puerto Rico Profile http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=RQ

4 of 8 9/15/2014 3:38 PMPonce. Residual fuel oil makes up about one-third o f imports, and motor gasoline is about one-fourth. Other petroleum

products imported include jet fuel, distillate fuel s, and small amounts of liquefied petroleum fuels a nd kerosene. The last of Puerto Rico's five petroleum refineries, located atYabucoa, was shut in 2009, joining four other isla nd refineries closed between 1992 and 2005. The Yabacoa site is being us ed as a motor gasoline terminal. The electric power and transportation sectors are t he largest petroleum consumers. Puerto Rico allows use of conventional motor gasoline. About two-thirds of pe troleum-based electricity generating capacity consu mes No. 6 residual fuel oil, and one-third consumes No. 2 diesel fuel. Despite the commonwealth's overall low energy cons umption, Puerto Rico's per capita petroleum consumption is about fo ur-fifths of the U.S. average, primarily because ofits dependence on residual fuel oil and diesel fuel for two-thirds ofthe islands' electricity. 

# Natural gas Puerto Rico does not produce natural gas. All natur al gas is imported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) through the Peñuelas terminal and regasification facility at Guayanilla Bay. The facility was built to supply th e 540-megawatt EcoEléctrica generating plant there on the southwestern coast. L NG is imported mainly from Trinidad and Tobago. Natural gas is consumed only i n electricity production, and Puerto Rico's per capita natural gas consumption is less than one-tenth of the U.S. average. However, LNG imports are increasing, and asecond terminal is planned at the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) generating station at Aguirre, on the southeastern coast. The LNG imports will sup port PREPA plans to convert oil-fired generating stations to dual-fuel capabili ty with natural gas, in order to lower fuel costs and meet federal emissions standards. Th e first conversion, the Costa Sur (South Coast) station in Guayanilla, is being s upplied with natural gas from the Peñuelas terminal. PREPA plans originally called for a pipeline to tak e natural gas from that terminal to the north coast , where three PREPA petroleum-fired generating stations are located. Bu t public opposition arose to routing the pipeline t hrough the island's rugged central mountains, and the plan was dropped after officials found the terminal could not handle all of PREPA's expected natural gas needs. PREPA has now contracte d for installation of a floating terminal with rega sification capability 4 miles offshore from Aguirre, which is its largest g enerating station at 1,500 megawatts. PREPA is asse ssing whether natural gas can be transported from the Aguirre ter minal to its three north coast generating plants, o r if a second terminal on the north coast is possible. PREPA is exploring using U.S.-origin LNG if it becomes available. 

# Coal Puerto Rico produces no coal. The island has one co al-fired electricity generating plant, at Guayama. The plant uses circulating fluidized-bed combustion and began oper ation in 2002. Typically, 1.6 million short tons ofcoal are imported annually from Colombia to supply the 454-megawatt p lant. Ash from coal combustion is recycled on site into a partially solidified aggregate that is used in asphalt and co ncrete for road construction and other applications

. 

# Electricity Puerto Rico's electricity is supplied by PREPA, a g overnment agency that owns the electric distribution system for the main island, Vieques, and Culabra, as well as all but two generating stations. PREPA (in Spanish, Aut oridad de Energía Eléctrica, or AEE) began in the 1920s as a government irrigation system, but its responsibilities grew over the years to encompass island electrifica tion. Puerto Rico typically gets two-thirds of its electricity from petroleum, gener ated mainly at six stations with steam turbines, combustion turbines, and/or combine d cycle technology. The balance of PREPA power supply is almost evenly divi ded between natural gas and coal generation, with a small fraction from hydroel ectric generators. The natural gas- and coal-fired plants are owned and operated b y two independent power 

# Puerto Rico is increasing LNG imports to displace petroleum in electricity generation.

The cost of imported petroleum has driven Puerto Rico electricity prices to more Puerto Rico Profile http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=RQ

5 of 8 9/15/2014 3:38 PMproducers who sell their output to PREPA on long-te rm contracts.

High world petroleum prices have driven typical Pue rto Rico power prices to two to three times the U.S. average, and PREPA is planning to add natural gas capability at its five largest petroleum-burning plants. The f irst natural gas conversion, at the Costa Sur (South Coast) station in Guayanilla, is o perating, but other conversions depend on construct ion of LNG import terminals and gas distribution infrastructure. Puer to Rico, the nearby U.S. Virgin Islands, and U.S. f ederal agencies are exploring the potential for interconnecting the iso lated island grids with each other, and with other Caribbean islands, with an eye toward a possible Caribbean-wide grid. A wid er grid could lower costs and enable the use of mor e renewable energy. PREPA gets close to half of its electricityrevenues from commercial sector consumption and ju st over one-third from residential consumption. Per capita, Puerto Ri co's electricity consumption is about two-fifths ofthe U.S. average. 

# Renewable energy Puerto Rico has enacted a Renewable Energy Portfoli o Standard requiring PREPA to get 12% of its electr icity from renewable sources starting in 2015, scaling up to 1 5% by 2020 and 20% by 2035. Technologies meeting th e standard include hydroelectric, solar photovoltaic (PV), win d, geothermal, biomass including municipal solid wa ste, and ocean and tidal energy generation. Only about 1% of Puerto Ri co's electricity has been coming from renewable ene rgy sources, all from hydroelectricity. Puerto Rico has 21 hydroelec tric generating units, which were built beginning i n 1915 and are sited on reservoirs that often supply drinking and irriga tion water as well as electricity. To meet the renewable electricity standard, PREPA i s focusing on wind, solar, and waste-to-energy projects. The utility has signed lo ng-term power purchase agreements with renewable energy developers for abo ut 1,000 megawatts of renewable capacity, which could supply enough renew ably sourced electricity to meet the 2015 portfolio standard if all the project s are built. The first of those utility-scale renewable energy projects began to co me into operation in 2012. A 24-megawatt solar PV plant at Guayama, managed by t he same company that owns Puerto Rico's coal plant, and a 26-megawatt so lar PV plant at Loiza initiated operations. A 95-megawatt wind farm at Santa Isabel became both Puerto Rico's first operating wind generator and the largest wind facility in the Caribbean. A 23-megawatt wind project at Punta de Lima, Naguabo, also started up in 2012. More than 400 megawatts of solar PV and 250 megawat ts of wind are in development. Studies so far show Puerto Rico has li mited potential for large-scale wind projects. But Puerto Rico has taken advantage of the tropical sun and become a le ader in distributed solar applications, including s olar hot water heaters and PV. The government has used weatherization assi stance programs to install more than 11,000 solar h ot water heaters. Those appliances, along with tax benefits to small- scale PV electricity projects, have reduced electri c load by more than 40 megawatts. No municipal solid waste or other waste-to-energy f acilities have yet been built, but PREPA has signed more than a dozen power purchase agreements with developers. Many of those facilities have run into local opposition, bu t waste-to-energy projects have taken on new urgency since the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board issued an order t hat will shut most of the island's landfills by 2014. For the longer t erm, Puerto Rico has been exploring the use of biof uels, primarily those derived from agricultural wastes, and is investigat ing technologies that could harvest energy from the waves, currents, and ocean depths surrounding the island.


# Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD ) : 6 

# than twice the U.S. average.

Puerto Rico is focusing on wind, solar, and waste-to-energy projects to fill its renewable portfolio. Puerto Rico Profile http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=RQ

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### Other Websites

Public Service Commission, Comision de Servicio Pub lico Department of Natural Resources and Environment, De partmento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales Puerto Rico Energy Affairs Administration, Administ racion de Asuntos Energeticos Weatherization Assistance Program, Energy Affairs A dministration, Administracion de Asuntos Energetico s Family Socioeconomic Development Administration, Ad ministracion de Desarrollo Socioeconomico de la Fam ilia Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center - Federal and State Incentives and Laws DSIRE - Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissi oners (NARUC) National Association of State Energy Officials (NAS EO) National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)-Is sues and Research - News Highlights: Issues and Res earch - Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)-DynamicMaps, Geographic Information System (GIS) Data and Analysis Tools - Maps U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Maps, Imagery, and Pu blications - Maps Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Fondo de Energi-a Verde (Green Energy Fund) United States Department of Health and Human Servic es - Administration for Children and Families - LowIncome Home Energy Assistance Program
Email suggestions for additional Puerto Rico websit e resources to: states@eia.gov

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