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### U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

PUBLIC HEARING:

**Carbon Pollution Standard for New Power Plants**

8:36 a.m. through 8 p.m.

Thursday, May 24, 2012

Environmental Protection Agency Ariel Rios East Building 1201 Constitution Avenue Washington, D.C. 20460OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### EPA PANEL:

**Kevin Culligan** , Associate Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards **Howard Hoffman** , Office of Air and Radiation **Jeb Stenhouse** , Office of Air and Radiation **Lora Strine** , Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations **David Evans** , Benefits Assessment and Methods Development Division **Jim Ketcham**

**- Colwill**  , Office of Air and RadiationOLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### C O N T E N T S Page Public Comments:

**Saman tha Ahdoot**  , American Academy of Pediatrics ... ..............................12 **Joelle Novey** , In terfaith Power & Light .......17 **Paul Billings** , Am erican Lung Association .....21 **Kimberly Williams** , American Lung Association..26 **Taldi Walter** , Na tional Audub on Society........31 **Glen Besa** , Sierr a Club........................35 **Darin Schroeder**

, Clean Air Task Force.........39 **Mandy Warner** , Environmental Defense Fund......41 **Elizabeth Perera** , Union of Concerned Scientists.... ..............................51
**Dr . Vinayak Jha**  , George Washington Medical Facility Assoc iates.........................57 **Laura Kate Anderson** , Environment Virginia..... 6 1 **Trieste Lockwood** , Interfaith Power & Light....68 **Jonathan Kolm** , S ierra Club....................71 **Rev. Mitch Hescox**

, Evangelical Environmental Network....... ..............................76 **Rev. Mari Castellanos** , National Council of Churches........... ......................82 **Dr. Damian Pitt** , Virginia Interfaith Power & Light. ..............................85 **Mary A nn Hitt**  , S ierra Club....................89 **Dede Smith** , Envi ronment Virginia..............94 **Allison Chin** , S ierra Club.....................98 **Becky Dawson** , En vironment Virginia...........102 **Carol Stone** , Con cerned Citizen...............107 **Christina Morgan**

, Environment Virginia.......112 **Barbara Gottlieb** , Physicians for Social Responsibility .............................116 **Rev. Douglas Hunt** , United Church of Christ ...122 **Kenneth Haapala** , Science & Environmental Policy Project

............................. 126 **Linda Burchfield** , Northern Virginia Climate Action Network .............................128 **Herbert Fitzell** , Sierra Club............. ....133 **Tyla Matteson** , C oncerned Citizen.............139 **Larry Roussell**

, Sierra Club..................140OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### C O N T E N T S (continued)

Public Comments: (continued) Page

**Rachel Cleetus** , Union of Concerned Scientists.... .............................142 **David Doniger** , N RDC..........................149 **Richard Kennedy**

, Sierra Clu b.................155 **Dr. Catherine Thomasson** , Physicians for Social Respons ibility......................160 **Charles Ellis** , Concerned Citizen.............164 **Kim Knowlton** , NR DC...........................166 **Daryl Downing** , C oncerned Citizen.............17 1 **Dr. Laura Anderko** , NRDC......................172 **Vasiliy Kisunko**

, Concerned Citizen...........176 **Monica Cevallos** , Voces Verdes...... ..........177 **Roger Rivera** , National Hispanic Environmental Council......................180 **Walter Ebmeyer**

, Sierra Cl ub..................186 **Barbara Weinstein** , NRDC......................189 **Andon Zabel** , Con cerned Citizen...............195 **Nathan Willcox**

, Environment America..........202 **Lara Levison** , On behalf of Peter Bahouth.....207 **Priscilla Lin** , C oncerned Citizen.... .........213
**Montre Moore** , Co ncerned Father...............218 **Mary Love** , NAACP .............................223 **Sulvia C. Wood** , Concerne d Citizen............227 **Matt Sinclair** , Communication Workers of America.... .............................231 **Michael Wi lliams**  , BlueGreen Alliance.........234 **Joe Mendelson** , N ational Wildlife Fed.........241 **Mark Jester** , Berkshire County League of Sportsmen.. .............................247 **Dr. Lih Young** , C oncerned Citizen.............254 **Joy Bergey** , Center for Celebratio n of Creation... .............................259 **Eric Orff** , Natio nal Wildlife Fed.............264 **Jim Hoover** , Student...... ....................268 **Rocky Sundquist**

, Concerned Citizen...........270 **Richard Mode** , No rth Carolina Wildlife Fed....274 **Gary Botz ek**  , Min nesota Conservation Fed......279OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### C O N T E N T S (continued) Page

Public Comments: (continued)

**Sylvia Ridgeway**

, NAACP.......................286 **David Dittloff** , National Wildlife Fe d........291 **Dylan Voo rhees**  , National Resources Council of Maine...... .............................300 **Ben Yamagata** , Coal Utilization & Research Counc il...........................306 **Jenny Kordick** , On behalf of Joel Gay, New Mexico Wildlif e Fed........................312 **Joan Picone** , Nat ional Wildlife Fed...........316 **Carol Oldham** , Na tional Wildlife Fed..........320 **David Ellenberger** , National Wildlife Fed.....322 **Frank Szollosi**

, National Wildlife Fed........326 **Sarah Mullkoff**

, Michigan Citizen.............332 **Rev. Richar d Cizik**  , National Association of Evangelical s............................338 **Paul McAllister** , Virginia Interfaith Power & Light....... .............................343 **Molly Rauch** , Mom s Clean Air Force............349 **Dr. Lisa Van Susteren** , National Wild life Fed.355 **Lisa Jacobson** , Business Council for Sustainable En ergy.........................357 **Christina Elles** , Union of Concerned Scientists.... .............................363 **Jim Dougherty** , S ierra Club...................367 **Quentin James** , S ierra St udent Coalition......371 **Gerri Michalska**

, Concerned Citizen...........380 **Boyd Walker** , Concerned C itizen...............385 **James Casey** , Uni on of Concerned Scientists...390 **Henry Hamburger**

, George Mason University.....394 **Sara Chieffo** , Le ague of Conservatio n Voters..400 **Kathleen Mogelgaard** , Concerned Citizen.......404 **Doug Ouse** , Concerned Citizen....... ..........408 **Brenna Muller** , C oncerned Citizen.............411 **Seth Heald** , Conc erned Citizen................413 **Alycia Ashburn**

, Concerned Citizen............4 16 **Jessica Christy**

, Concerned Citizen...........422 **Allison Donnelly** , Concerned Citizen..........428OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### C O N T E N T S (continued) Page Public Comments: (continued)

**Rhett Buttle** , Sm all Business Majority........432 **Lilia Abron** , Sma ll Business Owner............437 **Ross Eisenberg** , National Association of Manufacturers. .............................441 **Beth Kemler** , Chesapeake Climate Action Network....... .............................446 **Larry Greenfield** , Concerned C itizen..........450 **Jennifer Abel** , C oncerned Citizen.............452
**Tom Stevens** , Con cerned Citizen...............454 **Alex Bond** , Natio nal Mining Association.......457 **Anastasia Shemkes** , Concerned Citizen.........465 **Seth Long** , Conce rned Citizen............ .....468 **Christine Guhl**

, Concerned Citizen............471OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### P R O C E E D I N G S 1



### MR. CULLIGAN: Good morning and thank 2



### you for joining us for this morning's public 3



### hearing or today's public hearing. My name is 4



### Kevin Culligan and I am an Associate Divisi on 5



### Director with our Sector Strategies and Program 6



### Division in our Office of Air Quality Planning 7



### and Standards, which is part of EPA's Office of 8



### Air Radiation. 9



### I will be chairing this morning's or 10



### actually today's hearing, and I am joined on the 11



### panel by Jeb Stenhouse, who is also in our Office 12



### of Air Radiation, and Howard Hoffman, who is in 13



### our Office of General Counsel. 14



### We are here today to listen to your 15



### comments on EPA's proposed, "Carbon Pollution 16



### Standard for New Power Plants." The standards 17



### were published in the Federal Register on April 18



### 13, 2012. This common

- sense step under the Clean 19



### Air Act would, for the first time, set national 20



### limits on the amount of carbon pollution the 21



### power plants built in the future can emit. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### For future power plants EP A is proposing 1



### an output

- based standard of 1,000 pounds of CO 2 2



### per megawatt hour. The agency's proposal does 3



### not apply to existing units or to planned units 4



### that already have permits and that break ground 5



### within 12 months of the date of the proposal. 6



### EPA 's proposed standard reflects the 7



### ongoing trend in the power sector to build 8



### cleaner plants that take advantage of 9



### American

- made technologies. The proposal is 10



### flexible and would help to minimize carbon 11



### pollution throughout the deployment of modern 12



### technol ogies that power companies are already 13



### using to built the next generation of power 14



### plants. EPA's proposal would ensure that 15



### progress towards a cleaner and more modern power 16



### sector continues. 17



### Today, we will be accepting oral 18



### comments on all aspects of our proposal, and we 19



### will prepare manuscripts of the hearing. The 20



### transcript will be available as part of the 21



### official record of the rule. We are also 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### accepting written comments up through June 25, 1



### 2012. 2



### At the registration area, which is out 3



### front, there is a handout detailing how you can 4



### submit written comments either through the mail, 5



### fax, or electronically. We will consider your 6



### comments whether you make them orally today or in 7



### written format as we move forward to complete the 8



### rule. 9



### Now, I would like t o describe the 10



### procedures for today's hearing. 11



### I will call the scheduled speakers up in 12



### groups of two. When it is your turn to speak, 13



### please state your name and, for the benefit of 14



### our court reporter, please spell it, and also 15



### provide your affiliation be fore you begin your 16



### testimony. 17



### In order to be fair to everyone, we are 18



### limiting public testimony to five minutes, and we 19



### ask that those speakers remain at the panel until 20



### they both have finished speaking. 21



### After you have finished your testimony, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I or othe r panelists up here may ask questions. 1



### If, in addition to your oral testimony, you would 2



### like to submit written comments, you can either 3



### do so through the mail or you can just leave them 4



### with EPA staff at the registration desk. 5



### In order to make sure that we keep to 6



### the five minutes and give everyone a chance to 7



### speak, we do have a timekeeping system right over 8



### here. It is a system of lights. When you start 9



### speaking, the light should turn green, and after 10



### four minutes, so when you have one minute left, 11



### t he light should turn yellow. At five minutes, 12



### the light will turn red and I will gently nudge 13



### you to end your testimony. 14



### Today's hearing is scheduled to run from 15



### 8:30 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. this evening, and later 16



### if necessary, if we do have additional spe akers. 17



### We are trying to accommodate everyone we can. 18



### The hearing will go on recess from 12:00 19



### to 1:00 and also from 4:30 to 5:30 p.m. We will 20



### begin promptly after those recesses, so at 1:00 21



### p.m. in the afternoon, and 5:30 p.m. in the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### evening to get to e verybody. 1



### If you would like to testify and have 2



### not yet registered, there is still an 3



### opportunity, and you may go out to the 4



### registration desk up front. 5



### We have done our best to accommodate 6



### specific requests for time, and we ask your 7



### patience as we run t hrough the list of speakers. 8



### We may need to make adjustments as the day 9



### progresses depending upon if people come at the 10



### last minute or if people don't show up. Like I 11



### said, what we are trying to do is give everybody 12



### an opportunity to speak. 13



### If any quest ions arise throughout the 14



### day, there are a number of EPA staff around, and 15



### the easiest place to find them is at the 16



### registration table for assistance. 17



### Thank you, and with that, let's get 18



### started. I am going to call up our first two 19



### speakers. I apologize in advance, because I 20



### guarantee you that before the end of the day, I 21



### will butcher probably more than one name, and I 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### do apologize in advance for that. 1



### Our first two speakers are Samantha 2



### Ahdoot and Joelle Novey, so if two people come 3



### up, and we will pla n on starting with Samantha. 4



### DR. AHDOOT: I am Samantha Ahdoot. That 5



### is Samantha, and the last name A

- H

- D

- O

- O

- T, and I 6



### am here today on behalf of the American Academy 7



### of Pediatrics. 8



### Thank you for giving me the opportunity 9



### to speak today. I am a practic ing pediatrician 10



### in Alexandria, Virginia, and I am happy to be 11



### testifying today on behalf of the American 12



### Academy of Pediatrics of which I am a member. 13



### The AAP is a nonprofit professional 14



### organization of greater than 62,000 primary care 15



### and subspecialist pediatricians dedicated to the 16



### health, safety, and well

- being of children. 17



### I am testifying today to express AAP's 18



### strong support for the EPA's proposed carbon 19



### pollution standard for new power plants. There 20



### is broad scientific consensus that the planet is 21



### warming rapidly and at an accelerating rate. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil 1



### fuels, have been deemed responsible for this 2



### warming with greater than 90 percent probability. 3



### As the first ever national limits on 4



### carbon pollution's new pow er plants, the EPA's 5



### proposed standard represents a major step in the 6



### global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 7



### As such, it is a significant opportunity 8



### to protect children from the adverse health 9



### effects of climate change. These effects are 10



### wide ranging and are increasingly being witnessed 11



### by pediatricians, such as myself, across the 12



### world every day. 13



### According to the World Health 14



### Organization, greater than 88 percent of the 15



### existing burden of disease due to climate change 16



### occurs in children less than five years old. 17



### Increasing global temperatures put children at 18



### direct risk of thermal injury. Children spend 19



### more time outside than adults, often during the 20



### hottest hours of the day, playing sports and 21



### being physically active. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### They have less abili ty to control their 1



### local climate or to seek cooling. As a result, 2



### they have greater vulnerability to heat stroke, 3



### exhaustion, sunburn, and skin cancers. 4



### The summer of 2011 broke innumerable 5



### records for heat across this country, and heat 6



### waves are predic ted to increase in frequency and 7



### magnitude. This poses a significant threat to 8



### children's safety during the summer months. 9



### The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 10



### Change predicts that it is likely or extremely 11



### likely that climate change will cause an incr ease 12



### in extreme weather events. 2011 had a record 14 13



### weather and climate disasters in the U.S. 14



### including drought, heat waves, floods, tornadoes, 15



### hurricanes, and wildfires. 16



### Weather disasters represent a major 17



### threat to the health and well

- being of childre n. 18



### Faced with such events, children are at 19



### immediate danger of injury, death, locked up or 20



### separation of some caregivers, and emotional 21



### trauma. Infectious diseases often follow 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### disasters as illustrated by the cholera outbreak 1



### that followed the 2010 earth quake in Haiti, which 2



### resulted in greater than 400,000 cases and 6,000 3



### deaths in just 11 months. 4



### Rising temperatures and changes in 5



### precipitation are expected to lead to increases 6



### in water

- borne gastroenteritis. A study of 7



### children in Peru during an El N ino year showed 8



### that the rate of hospitalizations of children for 9



### diarrhea increased 80 percent per degree 10



### Centigrade temperature increase. 11



### Globally, infectious diarrhea is the 12



### second leading cause of death in young children 13



### with an estimated 1.62 million deaths in children 14



### less than five years every year. 15



### Vector

- borne illnesses are also expected 16



### to increase in range and frequency. Malaria 17



### currently causes more than 1 million deaths 18



### annually, 75 percent of which occur in children 19



### less than five years old . Climate change is 20



### expanding the range of host mosquitos and speeds 21



### the development of the parasites within the host 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### mosquito. 1



### Lyme disease is similarly expanding its 2



### range with exponential increases in the abundance 3



### of ticks documented in Quebec, and d ramatic 4



### increases in all tick

- borne diseases reported in 5



### my home State of Virginia including the very 6



### dangerous and rapidly progressive Rocky Mountain 7



### spotted fever. 8



### Children age five to nine years old have 9



### the highest incidence of Lyme disease and are 10



### li kely to suffer greatest from these increases. 11



### Respiratory disease due to air pollution is a 12



### significant problem in this country as more 13



### hospitalizations and decreased lung function have 14



### all been linked to air pollution resulting from 15



### fossil fuel consumpti on. 16



### One

- half of the U.S. population 17



### currently live in counties where air pollution 18



### exceeds the national health standard. The CDC 19



### recently reported that 7 million children had 20



### asthma in 2010, and that the proportion of 21



### Americans with this condition has in creased 15 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### percent since 2001. 1



### In summary, climate change places the 2



### health and well

- being of children in this country 3



### and the world in jeopardy. There are currently 4



### no national limits on how much carbon can be 5



### released by coal

- fired power plants, the na tion's 6



### largest source of carbon pollution. 7



### The EPA's proposed standard is a 8



### significant step towards reducing carbon 9



### emissions and mitigating the effects of climate 10



### change. The American Academy of Pediatrics 11



### applauds the EPA for seeking to protect the 12



### he alth and well

- being of children in this country 13



### and the world. 14



### Thank you. 15



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 16



### We will move on to Joelle. 17



### MS. NOVEY: Yes. Joelle Novey, 18



### J

- O

- E

- L

- L

- E; Novey, N

- O

- V

- E

- Y. I am with 19



### Interfaith Power & Light. 20



### Through our local Interf aith Power & 21



### Light program, hundreds of congregations of all 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### religious traditions work together on energy and 1



### climate issues. This morning, I am only the first 2



### of a diverse group of religious leaders from 3



### Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and D.C., who 4



### wil l speak in support of the EPA's proposed 5



### carbon pollution standards for new power plants. 6



### Our words will be joined also by those 7



### of religious leaders testifying in State hearings 8



### in Chicago, and over the coming months, many of 9



### the 14,000 congregations in the Interfaith Power 10



### & Light movement nationally will be sending our 11



### messages to the EPA in written testimony. 12



### The teaching from my own tradition that 13



### informs my thoughts on this comes from Rabbi 14



### Isaac ben Sheshet, a 14th century scholar of 15



### Jewish law. H e wrote, "One is forbidden from 16



### gaining a livelihood at the expense of another's 17



### health." One is forbidden from gaining a 18



### livelihood at the expense of another's health. 19



### Simple, ethical wisdom, not bad for medieval 20



### speak. 21



### For too long, here, now, those w ho 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### operate our power plants have been permitted to 1



### gain their livelihood at the expense of people's 2



### health. Right now coal pollution in the United 3



### States results in more than $100 billion annually 4



### in health costs, 12,000 emergency room visits per 5



### year are due to coal

- related illnesses. 6



### Here in D.C., we have one of the 7



### nation's highest asthma rates particularly among 8



### children. 10,000 children in our nation's 9



### capital city sometimes struggle to breathe 10



### because of our dirty air. Someone is making 11



### their livi ng at the expense of these kids' 12



### health, and it should be forbidden in this 13



### country for folks in the energy business or for 14



### anyone else to make their livelihood at the 15



### expense of people's health. 16



### In the religious communities with which 17



### I work, people are heartsick about the role of 18



### coal power in producing the heat gases that are 19



### causing global climate change. They are working 20



### to reduce their electricity use in their 21



### sanctuaries and at home. They are using their 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### energy dollars to support wind energy gener ation. 1



### They are working to bring offshore wind power to 2



### our coasts, and they are figuring out how to 3



### finance solar panels for their roofs. 4



### So often we are told that the change we 5



### are trying to make is unrealistic because clean 6



### renewable energy is so expe nsive, while coal 7



### power is cheap. In fact, coal power is 8



### intolerably expensive, but until now its true 9



### costs have been borne by others. 10



### Who bears the cost of the permanent 11



### destruction through mountaintop removal mining? 12



### Who bears the cost of buried stre ams, air 13



### pollution from coal prep plants and toxic coal 14



### ash dump sites? Who bears the cost of bad air 15



### quality, the cost of kids with asthma, seniors 16



### having heart attacks, pregnant mothers with 17



### mercury in their bodies? 18



### Who bears the cost of stronger storm s, 19



### extreme drought, devastating floods, and other 20



### scary weather caused by global climate change? 21



### On this historic morning, for the first 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### time, the EPA stands poised to set national 1



### limits on our nation's largest sources of carbon 2



### pollution. Protecting pe ople's health and the 3



### climate is the only way to take a truer measure 4



### of the real cost of coal power. 5



### Please approve carbon pollution 6



### standards for new power plants. New power plants 7



### shouldn't be permitted to damage our climate or 8



### make people sick. 9



### Than k you. 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you and I 11



### appreciate the fact that you guys are setting a 12



### good example and staying within the five minutes. 13



### So, thanks. 14



### Our next two speakers will be Paul 15



### Billings and Kimberly Williams. 16



### Good morning and we will star t with 17



### Paul. 18



### MR. BILLINGS: Thank you. Good morning. 19



### I am Paul Billings, P

- A

- U

- L B

- I

- L

- L

- I

- N

- G

- S, 20



### vice president of National Policy and Advocacy 21



### for the American Lung Association. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The American Lung Association is pleased 1



### to support EPA's proposed stan dard for carbon 2



### pollution from power plants. This rule is 3



### setting the stage for the next generation of 4



### America's power plants to be the least toxic and 5



### most modern in the world. 6



### The American Lung association believes 7



### that power plants should not be allow ed to emit 8



### unlimited amounts of carbon pollution into the 9



### air. Scientists warn that the buildup of carbon 10



### pollution will create warmer temperatures which 11



### will increase unhealthful levels of smog. 12



### Any increase in smog means more 13



### childhood asthma attacks a nd complications for 14



### those with lung disease. Addressing carbon 15



### pollution will help protect public health. 16



### Higher temperatures can enhance conditions for 17



### ozone formation. Even with steps that are in 18



### place to reduce ozone, evidence warns that the 19



### changes in climate are likely to increase the 20



### risk of unhealthy levels of ozone in the future 21



### in large parts of the United States. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### To protect human health, the nation 1



### needs strong measures to reduce climate change 2



### and ozone. The proposed standards are an 3



### importa nt first step to address large stationary 4



### source contribution to climate change. 5



### Let me speak briefly about ozone. Ozone 6



### is a highly reactive gas and is a form of oxygen. 7



### Commonly known as smog, ozone is the most 8



### pervasive air pollutant that forms in th e 9



### atmosphere when hydrocarbon vapors react to 10



### oxides and nitrogen in the presence of sunlight 11



### and heat. 12



### The American Lung Association State of 13



### the Air report shows that more than 115 million 14



### Americans live in areas where the air is 15



### unhealthy because of oz one air pollution. 16



### The report is based on the 75 ppb ozone 17



### standard, a standard that the science shows is 18



### clearly too high to protect public health. If 19



### President Obama and EPA had followed the law and 20



### the science, the ozone standard would be much 21



### lower a nd more protective of more people. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### When a person inhales ozone, a chemical 1



### reaction for bodies' internal tissues causing an 2



### inflammation like a sunburn of the lung. Ozone 3



### acts as a powerful respiratory irritant at levels 4



### found routinely across the nation

. 5



### Breathing ozone may cause serious harm 6



### to health including premature death, shortness of 7



### breath and chest pain, wheezing and coughing, 8



### inflammation of the lining of the lungs, 9



### increased susceptibility to respiratory 10



### infections, increased risk of asthma attacks, an 11



### increased need for medical treatment and 12



### hospitalization of people with lung diseases, 13



### such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary 14



### disease. 15



### Children who regularly breathe high 16



### levels of ozone may face reduced lung function in 17



### adulthood. Reduced lung function increases the 18



### risk of lung disease in later life. Most at risk 19



### are people with lung diseases like asthma and 20



### emphysema, children, because their airways are 21



### smaller, their respiratory defenses are not fully 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### formed, and they have highe r rates of breathing. 1



### People who work or exercise outdoors, 2



### older adults over the age of 65, and then there 3



### is a subgroup of people who are just very 4



### responsive and react to those, and we call 5



### responders. 6



### In sum, ozone is a serious health threat 7



### that imp acts millions of Americans. 8



### Specifically, to the rule, we urge EPA to 9



### strengthen the carbon proposal standard in 10



### several key ways. To ensure the next generation 11



### of power plants is the most modern and the least 12



### toxic, we urge EPA to adopt a tighter than t he 13



### 1,000 pound per megawatt hour CO 2 

### standard, 14



### reflecting the achievements of the best 15



### performing power plants in operation today. 16



### We urge EPA to set a standard for 17



### simple

- cycle turbines. We urge EPA to establish 18



### a firm sunset date for the alternate comp liance 19



### mechanism option, excluding all plants built 20



### after a specific data. 21



### We urge strong enforcement of those 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### provisions to ensure that operators will not fail 1



### to meet that compliance option. We will discuss 2



### these issues further in detailed technical 3



### co mments that we will file next month. 4



### Finally, EPA needs to get to work on 5



### establishing a standard for existing sources. 6



### Anything less shortchanges our kids and 7



### shortchanges our health. 8



### Thank you. 9



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 10



### We will move on to Kimberly n ow. 11



### MS. WILLIAMS: Good morning. I am 12



### Kimberly Williams, and I am manager of Advocacy 13



### and Communications for the American Lung 14



### Association serving North Carolina, Virginia, 15



### Washington, D.C., and Maryland. 16



### I am pleased to be here today along with 17



### my coll eague from the American Lung Association 18



### National Office to support the U.S. EPA's 19



### Proposed Standards for Carbon Pollution of Power 20



### Plants. This rule is an important and historic 21



### opportunity for protecting public health. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### We are pleased that EPA has propo sed the 1



### first national standards to address power plant 2



### carbon pollution. There is no reason why this 3



### pollution should not be regulated in the same 4



### manner as other pollutants that are linked to 5



### smog and soot. 6



### This rule will also help to address 7



### public hea lth impacts resulting from smog, which 8



### is especially important for the territory served, 9



### North Carolina, Virginia, D.C., and Maryland. 10



### In North Carolina, there are 206,700 11



### children with asthma, 73,700 of them are living 12



### in areas where ozone levels receive d a failing 13



### grade in the American Lung Association's State of 14



### the Air report. 15



### In Virginia, there are 153,000 children 16



### with asthma, and 51,000 or one

- third of them are 17



### living in areas with unhealthy levels of ozone. 18



### The District of Columbia also received a 19



### failing grade for ozone pollution, and there are 20



### 18,000 children with asthma. Additionally, of 21



### importance to note, is that the Washington 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Metropolitan Area ranks 13th most polluted in the 1



### nation for their high ozone days. 2



### Lastly, in Maryland, there are 160,200 3



### children with asthma, 117,600 or nearly 4



### three

- quarters of them are living in areas with 5



### unhealthy levels of ozone. 6



### Science would say the buildup of carbon 7



### pollution will likely lead to increases in 8



### temperatures which, in turn, could lead to more 9



### ozone or smog in the air. This is why it is 10



### important that EPA begin to address carbon 11



### pollution. 12



### You have heard it before, but it bears 13



### repeating. More smog means more childhood asthma 14



### attacks and complications for those with lung 15



### disease. The truth i s even healthy, active 16



### adults can be negatively affected by air 17



### pollution. 18



### Take, for instance, my own personal 19



### story. I was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, 20



### which is located in Washington County, and 21



### receives a letter grade of B in the State of the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Air re port. I have been active almost my entire 1



### life running, biking, rock climbing, all with 2



### little to absolutely no trouble. 3



### About four years ago, I moved to the 4



### District of Columbia, which, in turn, received a 5



### failing grade for ozone pollution, and there is a 6



### noticeable change in the ease at which I can 7



### perform these activities especially during the 8



### warmer months. 9



### I began to notice that my throat felt 10



### constricted and I was having difficulty taking 11



### deep breaths that were needed to sustain my 12



### typical level of activity. Over time, the 13



### symptoms worsened, and my shortness of breath 14



### became more frequent. On high ozone days, even 15



### my daily Metro commute to and from work would 16



### exacerbate the difficulty I was having in 17



### breathing. 18



### Eventually, I was diagnosed with as thma 19



### and to control my various symptoms, was put on 20



### three separate medications by my physician. 21



### As a young woman who is focused on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### leading a healthy lifestyle, and being active, 1



### this is both frustrating and troublesome that I 2



### have now been diagnosed with asthma and now have 3



### to use a daily medication just to maintain an 4



### active lifestyle. 5



### Unfortunately, my story is all too 6



### common for those in the Washington metropolitan 7



### area as we are living with unhealthy levels of 8



### ozone. 9



### In closing, the proposed rule is an 10



### important step to ensure that the plans of the 11



### future are as clean as they possibly can be. If 12



### we don't enact these standards, we run the risk 13



### of shortchanging the health and well

- being of 14



### future generations. 15



### The National Office of the American Lung 16



### A ssociation will be submitting more detailed 17



### written comments, but I would like to take the 18



### opportunity to urge EPA to lower the emissions to 19



### meet the cleanest plant in operation which they 20



### emit, eliminate exceptions, and do not have 21



### exceptions for coal pla nts that go beyond 2020. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Also, I ask that EPA begin the process 1



### of developing standards to cover existing 2



### sources, as well. 3



### Thank you for the opportunity to testify 4



### here today and I urge you to please finalize this 5



### rule before the end of the year. 6



### Thank you. 7



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. 8



### Our next two speakers will be Todd 9



### Walter and Glen Besa. 10



### MR. BESA: I am Glen Besa. 11



### MR. CULLIGAN: Do we have Todd? 12



### Oh, I apologize, yes. Sorry about that. 13



### So, we will start with Taldi. 14



### MS. WALTER: My name i s Taldi Walter, 15



### Assistant Director of Legislative Affairs. 16



### On behalf of National Audubon Society 17



### and our members, thank you for the opportunity to 18



### comment on the proposed carbon rule today. 19



### Audubon is the oldest conservation group in the 20



### country and is s upported by half a million 21



### members, 460 chapters, and 23 State offices. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Audubon is committed to conserving and 1



### restoring natural ecosystems, focusing on birds 2



### and other wildlife and their habitats for the 3



### benefit of humanity and the earth's biological 4



### div ersity. 5



### I want to express our strong support for 6



### the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 7



### historic efforts to put limits on carbon dioxide 8



### and other greenhouse gas pollutants from new 9



### power plants. 10



### According to the Energy Information 11



### Administration, po wer plants are the largest 12



### source of carbon pollution, accounting for 13



### approximately 40 percent of carbon emissions. 14



### Without action, power plant emissions will 15



### continue to contribute to the unsustainable rate 16



### at which the planet is warming. 17



### Common disrupt ion is harming natural 18



### systems across the globe, posing the greatest 19



### threats to birds and other wildlife in modern 20



### history. More than 80 percent of plants and 21



### animal species have shown changes associated with 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### climate change. Unabated, climate change coul d 1



### lead to the loss of one

- fourth to one

- third of 2



### all species on the earth. 3



### With such an unprecedented rate of 4



### change, many species will not be able to adapt. 5



### Audubon is greatly concerned about the impacts of 6



### climate change on avian species. Birds have l ong 7



### served as indicators of biological health. Birds 8



### also help control insects, rodents, and pests 9



### that can destroy crop foods. 10



### Additionally, one

- third of all human 11



### food comes from plants that are pollinated by 12



### birds, butterflies, and other insects. Las tly, 13



### bird watching, hunting, and outdoor activities 14



### are enjoyed by more than 80 million Americans, 15



### support over 2.6 million jobs. 16



### While some birds may adapt to a warming 17



### planet, other species are highly adapted to 18



### particular habitats throughout the hemisp here, 19



### making adaptation and numerous latitudes 20



### throughout the globe impossible. 21



### Here are some examples of how global 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### warming is already affecting birds. Audubon's 1



### 2009 Birds and Climate, Ecological Disruption and 2



### Motion report authored by Audubon scienti sts 3



### using decades of Christmas bird count data found 4



### that birds are shifting their wintering ranges 5



### northward on an average of 35 miles. 6



### More than 60 of the 305 observed species 7



### have moved their ranges in excess of 100 miles 8



### north. This is a clear indica tion that climate 9



### change is already impacting birds on a global 10



### scale. 11



### As rising sea levels inundate coastal 12



### wetland habitats, species like the American 13



### oyster catcher will be impacted as flooding 14



### mates, submerged aquatic vegetation used for 15



### nesting and f oraging aren't available. 16



### Many bird species have very exact 17



### migration, reproduction, breeding, nesting, and 18



### hatching time lines. This evolutionary synergy is 19



### matched to specific locations and conditions to 20



### maximize resources such as hatching insects in 21



### th e spring that are a vital food source after a 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### long migration from wintering habitats to spring 1



### nesting grounds. 2



### If food sources and hatch dates do not 3



### match, the hatchlings may not survive. As 4



### temperatures warm, the synchronicity between 5



### migration and fo od supplies may be compromised. 6



### Birds that live in very limited 7



### specialized habitats, such as the red crossbill, 8



### which is dependent on high altitude habitats, or 9



### the Eastern meadowlark, a declining grassland 10



### bird, have very few options for immigration whe n 11



### favored habitats vanish. 12



### We are already seeing the impacts of 13



### frequent droughts at the breeding grounds for new 14



### rice water species dry up in the prairie pot hole 15



### regions of the West. 16



### Audubon commends the EPA for its 17



### leadership on this critical issue, a nd we fully 18



### support the proposed rule. 19



### Thank you so much for the opportunity to 20



### speak today and for considering these comments. 21



### MR. BESA: Good morning. My name is 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Glen Besa, G

- L

- E

- N B

- E

- S

- A. I am the director 1



### of the Sierra Club in the neighboring Sta te of 2



### Virginia. 3



### I want to thank the EPA, Administrator 4



### Jackson, and President Obama for moving forward 5



### with these important rules to reduce industrial 6



### carbon pollution from new power plants. I also 7



### want to thank you for relying on the 8



### well

- established cl imate science to move forward 9



### with the statutory obligation you have under the 10



### Clean Air Act as interpreted by the Supreme Court 11



### in Massachusetts versus EPA. 12



### It is especially important in a 13



### political climate dominated by 21st century flat 14



### earthers who den y the science of climate change. 15



### In a coastal State like Virginia, rise is 16



### already costing us millions of dollars in 17



### infrastructure adaptation costs. It is 18



### embarrassing that our governor and our attorney 19



### general are among the climate science deniers 20



### eith er through ignorance, political expedience or 21



### both. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I have had the good fortune to represent 1



### the Sierra Club at several of the United Nations' 2



### climate summits over the past several years, most 3



### recently December in Durban. From my 4



### interactions with citize ns and with government 5



### officials from across the world, it is very clear 6



### that the United States stands alone in its 7



### widespread questioning of the science of climate 8



### change. 9



### This does not mean that the other 10



### nations are actually providing both leadership 11



### a nd addressing climate change, too few are. That 12



### is why it is so important that the U.S. EPA and 13



### the Obama administration move forward with these 14



### reasonable standards, and with others, to reduce 15



### industrial carbon pollution for power plants. 16



### Finally, I wou ld like to close on a 17



### personal note. I suffer from asthma and I take 18



### medication daily to control it. This is what I 19



### take. Before working for the Sierra Club, some 20



### years ago I worked for the American Lung 21



### Association of Maryland, where among my other 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### dut ies, major duties, was asthma education. 1



### In that position, working with 2



### physicians and with young people and with adults 3



### with asthma, far worse than mine by the way, I 4



### saw that air pollution, smog exacerbated by 5



### longer, hotter summers, can cause increased 6



### doctor visits and even hospitalizations and 7



### worse. 8



### I was reminded of this past experience 9



### with the Lung Association when, in March, I hired 10



### a young woman to work for the Sierra Club, and 11



### two weeks later she died of an asthma attack. 12



### These regulations ar e an important step 13



### in the right direction, protecting our health and 14



### well

- being for all Americans. 15



### I want to again thank you for moving 16



### forward with these rules and for this opportunity 17



### to testify. 18



### Thank you so much. 19



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. 20



### Our next two speakers are Darin 21



### Schroeder and Mandy Warner. We can start with 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### you, Darin. 1



### MR. SCHROEDER: Okay. 2



### First off, my name is Darin Schroeder. 3



### That is D

- A

- R

- I

- N S

- C

- H

- R

- O

- E

- D

- E

- R, and I am 4



### with Clean Air Task Force. 5



### On behalf of the Clean Air Task Force, I 6



### want to congratulate EPA and everyone else 7



### involved on the proposed rule. Fossil fuel, 8



### electric generating units are the leading 9



### stationary source of carbon dioxide, a well

- known 10



### greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide contributes to 11



### climate change , internally impacting nearly all 12



### aspects of our everyday life. 13



### This includes adverse effects on 14



### agriculture systems, increases weather

- related 15



### events like wildfires and flooding, increase 16



### stressors on water systems, and adverse effects 17



### on wildlife and ec osystems. 18



### The pressing need to immediately reduce 19



### carbon dioxide, as well as other greenhouse gas 20



### emissions, is highlighted by the pollutant 21



### physical properties as compared to other 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act, 1



### carbon dioxide remains in t he atmosphere for 2



### upwards of 100 years or more. 3



### Until reductions in its emissions are 4



### achieved, resulting accumulations and associated 5



### damage will continue and even grow at a dangerous 6



### rate. The need to achieve greenhouse reductions 7



### therefore is immediat e, and we applaud you all 8



### for taking this historic and important first 9



### step. 10



### Initially, I would just like to note 11



### that because of the impact, all fossil

- fueled 12



### electric generating units have, and will continue 13



### to have on CO 2 

### emissions, we feel it was wise for 14



### EPA to combine them into a single subpart TTTT 15



### for the purposes of this rule. 16



### However, there are a couple of issues 17



### with this rule I would like to briefly touch on 18



### today. The first is EPA's determination that a 19



### natural gas combined cycle plan is the only best 20



### system of initial reduction, supporting the 21



### emission standard EPA proposes. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Congress, through the Clean Air Act, 1



### requires EPA to establish new source performance 2



### standards that reflect

-- and I quote from the 3



### statute here

-- "The degree of emis sion 4



### limitation achievable through the application of 5



### the best system of initial reduction, which 6



### taking into account the cost of achieving such 7



### reduction in any non

- air quality, health, and 8



### environmental impact and energy requirements the 9



### Administrator de termines has been adequate 10



### demonstrated." 11



### For electric generating units, this 12



### system of emission reductions is not only an 13



### efficient gas plant, but also a carbon capture 14



### and sequestration, which I will refer to as CCS 15



### for the remainder of these comments. 16



### CCS is the best system of emission 17



### reduction both as a matter of law and fact. The 18



### NSPS program is meant to pave the way toward 19



### improved air quality including the increased 20



### climate pollutant emissions, and is to be based 21



### on the best system of emission re duction. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### As such, the courts have said that the 1



### NSPS program should look, quote, "toward what can 2



### fairly be projected for the regulate future 3



### rather than the state of art of the present," in 4



### order to stimulate, augment the innovative 5



### character of industry

. 6



### Courts have further told us that an 7



### adequately demonstrated technology, which can be 8



### the basis for the standard, is one which is shown 9



### to be reasonably reliable, reasonably efficient, 10



### and which can reasonably be expected to serve the 11



### interests of conclu sion control without becoming 12



### exorbitantly costly in an economic or an 13



### environmental way. 14



### This includes systems in use in other 15



### countries, as well as across other industries. 16



### The courts have explained that an achievable 17



### limitation based on such technolog y is one that 18



### is not fairly theoretical or experimental, but it 19



### also need not necessarily be routinely achieved 20



### within the industry prior to its adoption. 21



### CCS has adequately demonstrated that 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### emission limits based on this technology are 1



### achievable especia lly when looking at over the 30 2



### years that EGU would have to comply under this 3



### proposal. 4



### For example, two new coal plants in the 5



### U.S. would utilize CCS technology immediately 6



### upon commencement of operations in 2014 and 2015. 7



### Moreover, CCS has long been d emonstrated to 8



### work. CO 2 

### from the Norwegian commercial gas 9



### filament project has been captured and 10



### sequestered since 1996. Accordingly, EPA must 11



### also rely on CCS as the best system of emission 12



### reduction for the emission limit and finalizes 13



### subpart TTTT. 14



### Secondly, I would also like to briefly 15



### comment on the transitional source category 16



### described in the proposal. Under the NSPS 17



### program, any source commencing construction after 18



### the date of the proposed rule's publication is 19



### subject to that rule. 20



### The propos ed rule as is would carve out 21



### an exemption to this requirement for certain 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### facilities it identifies as potential 1



### transitional sources, but such an exemption from 2



### the statutory requirement just is not justified 3



### by the sum costs of projects that have yet to 4



### commence construction alone. 5



### Moreover, we do not see a policy 6



### rationale for providing any special treatment for 7



### potential transitional sources that have no plans 8



### to ever utilize CCS to reduce CO 2 

### emissions. As 9



### such, EPA has not provided a policy of legal 10



### rationale for these exemptions. 11



### Finally, we would also like to note that 12



### the bulk of future CO 2 

### emissions will come from 13



### sources that exist today. We look to EPA to take 14



### much needed action to reduce CO 2 

### emissions from 15



### these existing sources as the next step. 16



### Thank you for the opportunity to comment 17



### on this critically important and historic rule. 18



### MS. WARNER: Good morning. My name is 19



### Mandy Warner and I am with the Environmental 20



### Defense Fund, a nonpartisan environmental 21



### organization with more than 750,0 00 members 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### nationwide. EDF is dedicated to working towards 1



### innovative, cost

- effect solutions to 2



### environmental problems, building on a foundation 3



### of rigorous science, economics, and law. Thank 4



### you for the opportunity to testify today. 5



### The proposed standa rds are an important 6



### step towards addressing the massive quantities of 7



### climate stabilizing pollution emitted from U.S. 8



### power plants, one of the largest sources of 9



### greenhouse gases in the world. 10



### By having the lifetime carbon emissions 11



### from coal

- fired power plants relative to 12



### traditional coal plants, these historic clean air 13



### standards will provide long overdue and urgently 14



### needed protections for our health and climate 15



### while strengthening our made in the USA clear 16



### energy economy. 17



### Climate change presents a cl ear and 18



### present danger now to the U.S. and to the world. 19



### The National Oceanic and Atmospheric 20



### Administration recently announced that the U.S. 21



### completed the single warmest 12

- month period on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### record. Left unchecked, climate change will have 1



### severe impacts on American's health, our 2



### environment, and our economy. 3



### The U.S. Global Change Research Program 4



### has determined that if carbon pollution is not 5



### reduced, it is likely that American communities 6



### will experience increasingly severe impacts, for 7



### example, rising levels of dangerous smog in 8



### cities, which will lead to an increased risk of 9



### respiratory infections, more asthma attacks, and 10



### more premature deaths, increased risk of illness 11



### and death due to extreme heat, more intense 12



### hurricanes, and storm surges, increas ed frequency 13



### and severity of flooding, reduced precipitation 14



### and runoff in the West, reduce crop fields and 15



### livestock productivity, and more wildfires and 16



### increasing frequent and severe droughts in some 17



### regions. 18



### U.S. power plants fueled by coal and gas 19



### ar e the single largest source of carbon pollution 20



### in our nation and one of the largest emitters of 21



### climate stabilizing pollution in the world. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The U.S. power sector is responsible for 1



### roughly 40 percent of all carbon pollution of the 2



### U.S., and of its more G HGs than Russia, India, 3



### Japan, or Germany. Building just one inefficient 4



### emission

- intensive plant today, and millions of 5



### tons of future climate pollution or the expensive 6



### after

- the

- fact shuttering of built infrastructure 7



### that releases harmful pollution. 8



### We cannot effectively address 9



### climate

- stabilizing emissions without addressing 10



### the pollution emitted by the power sector. 11



### Fortunately, our nation has the 12



### innovative solutions and the knowhow to meet this 13



### pressing challenge while strengthening our 14



### economy. Numerous States across the U.S. are 15



### already limiting carbon pollution from new power 16



### plants, like Minnesota, Montana, and Washington. 17



### Ten leaders of State environmental 18



### agencies also recently wrote to EPA expressing 19



### their support for the standard includ ing 20



### Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, 21



### Rhode Island, Vermont, and the District of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Columbia. 1



### Furthermore, over two dozen States have 2



### policies in place to harness the economic and 3



### environmental benefits of cleaner energy. 4



### Twenty

- four States ha ve standards in place that 5



### will drive investments and energy efficiencies, 6



### saving American homes and businesses money while 7



### reducing emissions. 8



### These standards are also aligned with 9



### market forces that are already driving utilities 10



### to develop cleaner techn ologies. An April 2012 11



### WRI report explains that lower natural gas 12



### prices, declining growth in electricity demands, 13



### rising coal prices, and increased cost 14



### competitiveness of renewables are shaping 15



### business decisions in the utility sector. 16



### Leaders from the utility industry 17



### recognize the importance and achievability of 18



### EPA's proposed standards. For instance, Ralph 19



### Izzo, a CEO of a public service enterprise group, 20



### issues the following statement after EPA released 21



### the proposal: 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### "The agency's action establishe s a 1



### logical and modest standard for new electric 2



### power plants and provides the industry with much 3



### needed regulatory certainty. The EPA provides a 4



### framework for the industry to confront this 5



### problem in a cost effective manner." 6



### Under EPA standards, the na tion's energy 7



### needs can be met through a diverse, efficient mix 8



### of power sources including renewable energy, 9



### efficient natural gas power plants, combined heat 10



### and power, and improvements in the efficiency of 11



### our energy use. 12



### The standards also provide a pa thway for 13



### the development of carbon capture and 14



### sequestration for coal plants. The standards 15



### will provide power companies with regulatory 16



### certainty for prudent long

- term investments and 17



### cleaner home

- grown energy that puts Americans to 18



### work. 19



### The technolog y we need is available 20



### today, and the time has come when we can no 21



### longer afford to build new uncontrolled coal 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### plants that discharge vast volumes of GHG 1



### pollution for 50 years or more, recklessly 2



### imperiling our health, our environments, and our 3



### prosperity

. 4



### EPA's proposed limits on GHG pollution 5



### for fossil

- fueled power plants are central to 6



### address climate change, to drive innovation and 7



### clean energy solutions, to ensure a steady flow 8



### of cost effective and cleaner electricity to 9



### power our economy and to pr otect the health and 10



### well

- being of Americans now and in the future. 11



### EDF will also be submitting more 12



### detailed further technical comments on the 13



### proposed rule. 14



### Thank you again for the opportunity to 15



### testify. 16



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 17



### Darin, I have one c larifying question 18



### for you. 19



### You had mentioned CCS as best system of 20



### emission reductions. 21



### MR. SCHROEDER: Yes. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MR. CULLIGAN: Do you think or will your 1



### written comments elaborate on what you think that 2



### does to what the appropriate rate would be for 3



### the l imit? 4



### MR. SCHROEDER: I can't say what it 5



### would be right now, but we will be submitting 6



### detailed technical comments on what that rate 7



### would be. 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 9



### Before we get on to our next two 10



### speakers, I did want to let people know that 11



### some one apparently left an IPad at Security, so 12



### if you are missing an IPad, that might be where 13



### it is. 14



### Our next two speakers are Elizabeth 15



### Martin Perera and Vinayak Jha. I apologize in 16



### advance because I probably got those both wrong. 17



### Why don't we start with you, Elizabeth. 18



### MS. PERERA: Certainly. Good morning, 19



### everyone, and good morning, Howard, Kevin, and 20



### Jeff. 21



### Thank you for the opportunity to testify 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### today in support of EPA's power plant carbon 1



### standard. My name is Elizabeth Martin Perera. I 2



### live in B ethesda, Maryland, and I am a senior 3



### Washington representative and public health 4



### analyst at Union of Concerned Scientists. 5



### Sadly, due to recent layoffs, today will 6



### be my last day at UCS, but I am proud to be 7



### testifying here as a kind of swan song, leaving 8



### Union of Concerned Scientists. 9



### I present this testimony today on behalf 10



### of my two children, Lee and Evan, and also on 11



### behalf of UCS's more than 350,000 supporters and 12



### a network of more than 17,000 scientists. 13



### We strongly support the EPA's effort to 14



### regu late carbon emissions from coal

- and 15



### oil

- fired power plants under the Clean Air Act. 16



### America's public health is gravely threatened by 17



### climate change and EPA's actions to move forward 18



### regulating global warming emissions are grounded 19



### in very strong science. 20



### This first draft rule regulates global 21



### warming emissions from new power plants, and we 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### urge the EPA to move swiftly in completing this 1



### rule, and then releasing a draft rule to regulate 2



### emissions from existing power plants as the 3



### majority of global warmin g emissions come from 4



### existing power plants. 5



### I would like to submit three things for 6



### the record today as a part of my testimony. 7



### First, is a letter that I have signed along with 8



### 369 physicians, nurses, and public health 9



### experts, urging our policymakers t o support EPA's 10



### ability under the Clean Air Act to take action 11



### that will protect public health and address 12



### climate change. 13



### The letter reads: "Climate change poses 14



### significant threats to the health and well

- being 15



### of all Americans with disproportionate imp acts on 16



### children, the elderly, and the poor. Our own 17



### medical journals and professional organizations, 18



### such as American Medical Association, American 19



### Academy of Pediatrics, American Public Health 20



### Association, American Nurses Association have all 21



### sounded th e alarm. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Health effects will include heat

- related 1



### illness, exacerbated cardiovascular, and 2



### respiratory diseases, more frequent outbreaks of 3



### water

- borne diseases, such as cryptosporidium, 4



### and vector

- borne diseases, and then to health 5



### impacts resulting from the stress of coping with 6



### extreme weather including flooding and 7



### hurricanes. 8



### On April 2, 2007, the Supreme Court 9



### ruled that global warming emissions are a 10



### pollutant covered by the Clean Air Act. 11



### Subsequently, the EPA performed an exhaustive 12



### review of th e relative scientific research and 13



### determined that global warming emission is a 14



### danger to public health and welfare, and 15



### therefore must be regulated. 16



### Because the EPA's finding is based on 17



### well

- established science, any effort to prevent 18



### or delay them from taking action to reduce global 19



### warming emissions is a rejection of that science. 20



### The EPA is charged with protecting our 21



### public health and our environment, and the Clean 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Air Act is an extraordinarily successful and cost 1



### effective way of doing this. 2



### In 201 0 alone, this science

- based law 3



### prevents an estimated 160,000 premature deaths 4



### and millions of cases of respiratory and 5



### cardiovascular disease, annual benefits that it 6



### projects to grow during the next decade. 7



### The Clean Air Act is also good for the 8



### economy with benefits exceeding its cost by 26 to 9



### 1. Now, the EPA must be allowed to act under its 10



### authority and law, and begin regulating global 11



### warming emissions. This Act is important to move 12



### forward with. 13



### Finally, I would like to submit two 14



### short reports, which I coauthored with our 15



### climate scientist Todd Sanford that provide more 16



### details on expected impacts from climate change. 17



### These two reports are part of UCS's 18



### climate change and their health series. The 19



### first is entitled, "Rising Temperatures Worsenin g 20



### Ozone Pollution." Ozone pollution is directly 21



### linked to temperature, thus, climate change could 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### likely lead to increased ozone levels. 1



### Our analysis found that in the next 10 2



### years, climate change induced ozone increases in 3



### the United States could resul t in 2.8 million 4



### additional respiratory illnesses, 5,100 more 5



### infants and seniors hospitalized with serious 6



### breathing problems, and 944,000 extra missed 7



### school days. All told, these health

- related 8



### impacts could cost approximately 5.4 billion in 9



### 2020 alone

. 10



### If global warming continues unabated, 11



### these impacts and costs will continue to rise. 12



### The second report is entitled, "After 13



### the Storm," which details the hidden health risks 14



### of flooding in a warming world. Heavy rainfall 15



### events that can lead to floodin g have been 16



### increasing at the same time the temperature has 17



### been rising in the United States. 18



### The problem will likely grow worse in 19



### coming years as earth's atmosphere continues to 20



### warm, leaving more and more Americans vulnerable 21



### to the immediate and linge ring health impacts of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### a major flood event. 1



### This report combines a review of 2



### flooding health risks with a look at how climate 3



### change in current development patterns will 4



### likely increase the threat in years ahead. We 5



### urge you to act swiftly in finalizing this rule 6



### and propose a draft rule for existing power 7



### plants. 8



### I hope and I pray that these standards 9



### will be finalized quickly. Our children and our 10



### future depends on it. 11



### Thank you for your time. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 13



### DR. JHA: Good morning. My n ame is Dr. 14



### Vinayak Jha, V

- I

- N

- A

- Y

- A

- K, last name Jha, J

- H

- A. 15



### I practice pulmonary and critical care 16



### medicine at the George Washington University 17



### Medical Center. I am also privileged to direct 18



### the pulmonary fellowship program there at GW and 19



### thereby help to train two new lung doctors in 20



### critical care positions each year. 21



### Almost every day I treat people whose 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### life is affected by asthma, emphysema, or chronic 1



### bronchitis. I am here, therefore, to support EPA 2



### limits on power plant carbon pollution. The EPA 3



### and I have similar goals. We both want to help 4



### people breathe easier. 5



### Allow me to share with you what it is 6



### like for one of my patients with lung disease. 7



### Imagine someone referred because for several 8



### months they have been short of breath. Things 9



### that w ere previously easy for them to do, going 10



### for a jog or walking up a flight of stairs, are 11



### now difficult. 12



### After evaluating them and running tests, 13



### I determined that they have COPD, chronic 14



### obstructive pulmonary disease. Although there is 15



### treatment, the da mage is permanent and there is 16



### no cure. This news can be sobering and even more 17



### so when one realizes that COPD is a leading cause 18



### of death in the U.S., and there are approximately 19



### 12 million Americans who have the condition. 20



### Fortunately, in addition to m edications, 21



### there are some ways to manage their COPD, and I 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### counsel them to quit smoking if they have not 1



### already, flu shots and the pneumonia vaccine are 2



### also important to avoid infections that may 3



### trigger breathing trouble. 4



### I also advise them to avoid d ust, fumes, 5



### and pollution. Now, if they are someone who 6



### works outdoors, that may be really difficult to 7



### do. He or she may simply not be able to report 8



### to work some days if there is heavy pollution on 9



### that day, and whether you are an outdoor worker 10



### or not , COPD is a major cause of disability in 11



### the United States. In fact, half of all COPD 12



### patients say their condition limits their ability 13



### to work. 14



### Even for the vast majority of people who 15



### don't work outside, they are still affected 16



### clearly by air pollution , especially if they live 17



### in an area with a large number of smog or ozone 18



### alert days. As we all know, ozone smog forms 19



### when pollution reacts with heat. 20



### Carbon pollution contributes to warmer 21



### temperatures, further creating conditions for 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### smog formation. 1



### As we have heard already in this 2



### morning's speakers, even in healthy people, ozone 3



### smog can make breathing uncomfortable. For 4



### people with asthma, it can cause irritation and 5



### worsen asthma attacks. For people with COPD and 6



### other respiratory illnesses, the se ozone alert 7



### days may get harder for them to breathe. 8



### Even when there are not red alert ozone 9



### days, it makes it harder for them to breathe, 10



### sometimes prompting physician visits or hospital 11



### visits. 12



### So, in your review of this proposed 13



### regulation, you are incredibly important to my 14



### patients. You can actually take this step to 15



### reduce outdoor air pollution. You can set 16



### standards to limit power plant emissions. 17



### As someone devoted to improving people's 18



### respiratory health, I am here to commend your 19



### efforts to reduce carbon pollution. I am also 20



### here to ask for more. The rule that the EPA has 21



### proposed does not address the carbon pollution 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### from existing power plants, only new ones. 1



### There are almost 6,000 power plants in 2



### existence today, and there is not an indi cation 3



### that they will comply with this new standard for 4



### new power plants. For these standards to have 5



### the greatest effect, the Environmental Protection 6



### Agency must develop a standard for all power 7



### plants, not only ones built in the future. 8



### So, there are millions of patients 9



### depending on you, millions of people depending on 10



### you. As a physician, I urge you to finalize this 11



### rule and develop standards for existing power 12



### plants as well. 13



### Thank you for the opportunity to 14



### testify. 15



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 16



### Ou r next two speakers are Laura Kate 17



### Anderson and Trieste Lockwood. 18



### Why don't we start with Laura Kate. 19



### MS. ANDERSON: Hi. My name is Laura 20



### Kate Anderson. I live in Falls Church, Virginia, 21



### and I am a field organizer with Environment 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Virginia, a statewide citizen

- based environmental 1



### advocacy organization. 2



### I come before you today in strong 3



### support of EPA's proposed standard to limit 4



### carbon pollution from new power plants. Power 5



### plants are the biggest single source of carbon 6



### pollution which causes global w arming, so 7



### cleaning up carbon is crucial to protecting our 8



### health. 9



### In my capacity as field organizer, I 10



### have been lucky enough to travel to States, help 11



### get the word out to the media and the public 12



### about the biggest problems facing Virginia's 13



### environment and the solutions that we have to fix 14



### them. 15



### Everywhere I go I meet people who are 16



### passionate about keeping carbon pollution out of 17



### our air. There is no place in Virginia that will 18



### be immune from the effects of global warming. 19



### Global warming is not only raising sea levels 20



### around the world, but also makes it more likely 21



### that we will see stronger storms and more 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### frequent rain. 1



### Thanks in large part to industrial 2



### carbon pollution, Hampton Roads residents are 3



### literally struggling to stay above water. I have 4



### spoken with some who have watched the danger grow 5



### every year, facing more and more storms that 6



### could flood their home. 7



### One volunteer I met in Norfolk took me 8



### on a tour of the city's large neighborhood and 9



### pointed out the places that had flooded in the 10



### pas t few hurricanes and whole streets that will 11



### find themselves permanently under water in a 12



### matter of years if things continue the way they 13



### have been. 14



### Coastal communities aren't the only ones 15



### facing problems. Richmond has the dubious 16



### distinction of being n amed the asthma capital of 17



### the country by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation 18



### of America in 2010 and 2011. Smog exacerbates 19



### asthma and more global warning pollution means 20



### more smog. 21



### I have had asthma almost my entire life, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and on particularly smoggy days I can't do 1



### anything more strenuous outside than walk. I 2



### also vividly remember a child's asthma attacks 3



### and trips to the emergency room, and the 4



### terrifying feeling of not being able to breathe. 5



### I can only imagine that my asthma was 6



### even scarier for my pare nts. When I was five, my 7



### severe asthma attacks landed me in the hospital 8



### for a week. My parents were overseas visiting 9



### relatives, and when they found out from an 10



### international phone call from my grandmother that 11



### I was in the hospital, they took the first flight 12



### home. 13



### Maybe when I am a parent myself, I will 14



### be able to understand how they must have felt 15



### sitting during a 12

- hour plane ride with no way 16



### of knowing how I was doing. 17



### In the meantime, though, I do know that 18



### industrial carbon pollution means more parents 19



### will have to go through what mine went through. 20



### A warming world will have more smog 21



### days, means more kids with asthma are rushed to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the hospital, days when playing outside is 1



### dangerous just because of the air our children 2



### breathe. 3



### In 2010, the R ichmond area had 12 of 4



### those days, the D.C. area had 36. Everywhere I 5



### go, I meet people who are concerned about the 6



### impacts that smog has on their health. In 7



### Northern Virginia, people in places like Reston 8



### and Loudon are forming their own start

- up 9



### environ mental organizations to combat air 10



### pollution and other problems on the most local 11



### level. 12



### People in Fairfax recently gathered at 13



### an Environment Virginia event to learn more about 14



### what dirty air means for our health and exchange 15



### ideas on how to fix it. In Charlottesville, one 16



### doctor I spoke with said that asthma is reaching 17



### epidemic proportions among the children there and 18



### that that epidemic is being fueled by the dirty 19



### air they breathe. 20



### Another child's doctor said that he 21



### treats children nearly every day for asthma 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### flareups and that pollution is part of the reason 1



### they are getting sick. 2



### I have also worked with college students 3



### from George Mason University in Fairfax to the 4



### University of Virginia in Charlottesville, the 5



### college of William and Mary in Willi amsburg. 6



### Many of the students I have met see global 7



### warming as the most profound environmental threat 8



### of their generation. 9



### They are doing whatever they can to stop 10



### it, from getting their friends to use less 11



### electricity in the dorms, starting bike share 12



### p rograms and campus gardens to lobbying their 13



### school administration to adopt sustainable 14



### practices, but they also know that these actions 15



### are only part of the puzzle and that Federal 16



### Government actions to cut carbon pollution is an 17



### essential piece. 18



### All ove r Virginia, people are speaking 19



### up about the need to fight global warming. We 20



### are getting news articles written about it and 21



### across the street and the State, we are getting 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### our opinions printed as Letters to the Editor. 1



### We are knocking on doors and talki ng to citizens 2



### and hearing time and time again we need to do 3



### something about this now. 4



### EPA's proposed standard to limit carbon 5



### pollution from new power plants is a necessary 6



### step in the fight to protect our health and our 7



### communities from the effects of g lobal warming, 8



### but it is not a sufficient one. 9



### EPA needs to finalize the standard for 10



### new power plants and then move forward to propose 11



### and finalize the standard for existing power 12



### plants, as well. 13



### Virginia power plants support 32 million 14



### tons of carbon pollution into the air in 2010. 15



### We simply can't stop global warming without 16



### setting limits on those plants. 17



### Clean air is a need that transcends 18



### every possible division among people, race, 19



### location, background, political party. We can't 20



### wait any longer t o attack global warming. I urge 21



### EPA to protect our health by finalizing the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### proposed standards to cut carbon pollution from 1



### power plants as soon as possible because our 2



### health can't wait. 3



### Thank you. 4



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 5



### MS. LOCKWOOD: Good morning . My name is 6



### Trieste Lockwood, T

- R

- I

- E

- S

- T

- E L

- O

- C

- K

- W

- O

- O

- D, 7



### and I speak from my position as director of 8



### Virginia Interfaith Power & Light. 9



### Thank you for your work and for holding 10



### today's hearing. We highly value the open 11



### process around this rulemakin g and appreciate the 12



### opportunity to bring in constituents from across 13



### Virginia to speak to you today. 14



### It is encouraging to know that the EPA 15



### is addressing carbon pollution and engaging the 16



### public on this carbon pollution standard that 17



### could positively aff ect so many people. 18



### I would like to start by telling you a 19



### little bit more about the work we do and the 20



### widespread support in the communities for 21



### eliminating industrial carbon pollution. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Virginia Interfaith Power & Light is one 1



### of 39 State affiliates of the National Interfaith 2



### Power & Light group. Together, we are composed 3



### of thousands of congregations and individuals 4



### whose voices of faith are heard locally and 5



### nationally on responsible energy use and climate 6



### change. 7



### Virginia Interfaith Power & Light is 8



### also part of the Interfaith Center for Public 9



### Policy, the oldest State

- based advocacy group in 10



### the State. We work with 10 adjudicatories and 11



### reach thousands of people on environmental issues 12



### throughout Virginia including those of Hindu, 13



### Jewish, Muslim, a nd Christian traditions. 14



### I have personally worked with Jerry 15



### Lawson, who is EPA's national manager for energy, 16



### small business and congregations network on our 17



### energy stewardship workshop, and these were 18



### created to reduce carbon pollution from these 19



### facili ties and educate the faith community on 20



### energy efficiency. 21



### Through this experience I have seen a 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### sincere passion and initiative of our network 1



### members to reduce their energy consumption and 2



### carbon footprints. Fossil

- fueled power plants 3



### currently emit mo re than 2 billion tons of carbon 4



### pollution and other toxic pollutants into the air 5



### each year. Modernizing new power plants with 6



### better technologies will reduce the emissions 7



### that contribute to climate change and health 8



### problems. 9



### Climate change and the re spiratory 10



### problems that you are hearing about today, caused 11



### by smog, disproportionately affect the most 12



### vulnerable communities. For many, this is a moral 13



### issue, and I am here today to echo the widespread 14



### support from hundreds of these community members 15



### who desire standards to improve our air quality. 16



### Protecting air quality for all 17



### populations is a critical part of EPA's work. 18



### Putting a national cap on carbon pollution from 19



### power plants multiplies the effects of local 20



### action people take to reduce their ene rgy use. 21



### We strongly support enacting these 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### historic carbon pollution standards and thank you 1



### for your time today. 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. 3



### Our next two speakers are Jonathan Kolm 4



### and Mitch Hescox. 5



### We will start with Jonathan and give 6



### Mitch a chance to sit down. 7



### MR. KOLM: Good morning. My name is 8



### Jonathan Kolm. I am a volunteer with the Sierra 9



### Club. I am a resident of Alexandria, Virginia. 10



### Today is an historic day. The carbon 11



### pollution standards that the EPA is proposing 12



### have the potenti al to usher in a multiple of 13



### positive changes that will be of great benefit to 14



### all Americans. 15



### For such important issues like climate 16



### change and the impact of the use of coal and 17



### other fossil fuels, I believe it is vitally 18



### important to consider relevant pr ecedence in 19



### other industries. There is one in particular 20



### that I believe is worth considering to put into 21



### context policy decisions concerning the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### regulation of coal and other fossil fuels. 1



### Until the middle of the 20th century, we 2



### did not know with scienti fic and medical 3



### certainty that smoking was harmful to our health. 4



### It took longer than it should have, but in 1964, 5



### the Surgeon General issued a direct, clear 6



### warning that smoking was directly attributed to 7



### cancer, heart disease, and emphysema. 8



### In that ye ar, almost half U.S. and all 9



### populations smoked. Over the next couple of 10



### decades, it took great courage on the part of 11



### whistleblowers, scientists, doctors, grass

- roots 12



### campaigners and policymakers to confront the 13



### tobacco industry. 14



### Over time they were suc cessful in 15



### raising the issue and they increased taxes and 16



### public awareness of the dangers of smoking was 17



### increased. The tobacco industry fought hard 18



### against any changes they knew that cut into the 19



### process, but through the hard work and 20



### determination of th ose that had the courage to 21



### stand up to the tobacco industry, real change has 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### been accomplished. 1



### Today, less than 20 percent of the 2



### American adult population smokes, and no one 3



### debates anymore that smoking is harmful to our 4



### health. We are a better nation today for 5



### standing up to the tobacco industry. 6



### So, too, has the fossil fuel industry 7



### unfolded. When fossil fuel use began, we didn't 8



### know all of the negative health effects that they 9



### have, but we do now. 10



### The mouth and top removal of coal in 11



### States like West Virginia has devastated the 12



### water and environment of many communities. The 13



### mercury and other toxic emissions of coal plants 14



### is directly linked to death and disease. 15



### As we have to drill for oil in more 16



### extreme places, the likelihood of disasters like 17



### the BP Gulf of Mexico spill increase, tapping 18



### into shale gas reserves with fracking has already 19



### shown that the injection of toxic substances can 20



### contaminate local water supplies. 21



### These are among many other documented 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### health risks in the extraction and bu rning of 1



### fossil fuels, but there are two additional 2



### pressing reasons that we must work swiftly to 3



### curb the use of coal and other fossil fuels. 4



### The first reason is climate change. 5



### Today, there is overwhelming scientific consensus 6



### that the increase in carb on dioxide in the 7



### atmosphere through fossil fuel use is directly 8



### linked to climate change. 9



### Our changing climate has already 10



### produced a number of extreme weather events from 11



### droughts in Texas to floods in the Midwest, and 12



### more frequent and intense tornadoe s and storms. 13



### Another product of climate change is 14



### rising sea levels, but the current level of 15



### increase, the historic part of the city where I 16



### live, Old Town Alexandria, will be under water by 17



### the end of this century. 18



### The second reason is that fossil fue ls 19



### are finite and there is only so much coal, oil, 20



### and gas in the ground. As we remain utterly 21



### dependent on fossil fuels, we are captive to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### resource depletion, wild price swings that play 1



### havoc with our economy, and we must make 2



### difficult geopolitical cho ices in order to secure 3



### oil supplies. 4



### The fossil fuel industry is aware of all 5



### of this, but like the tobacco industry before 6



### them, they will fight any change that might mean 7



### a cut in their profits. They are simply doing 8



### what they are legally bound to do, to create a 9



### maximum return for their shareholders. 10



### We need the EPA and other public 11



### servants whose job it is to protect the common 12



### good and the health of the environment, and the 13



### citizens of our great nation to take the lead in 14



### the struggle. 15



### The people h ere today and millions more 16



### all over the country are in support of the carbon 17



### pollution standards. I remain optimistic that 18



### America can rise to meet the energy and 19



### environmental challenges before us. We have 20



### brilliant scientists, the savvy entrepreneuria l 21



### class, and many innovators of new technologies. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### We have the right policies in place, we 1



### can invent and create a clean energy future that 2



### is sustainable, poses less risk to our health, 3



### and increases our national security. 4



### The proposed carbon pollution s tandards 5



### are a vital early step in this effort that we are 6



### all in together. 7



### Thank you for your time. 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 9



### REV. HESCOX: Good morning. My name is 10



### Mitch Hescox. I am the Reverend Mitch Hescox. I 11



### am president of the Evangelical Envi ronmental 12



### Network, and I reside in New Freedom, 13



### Pennsylvania. 14



### On March 27th of this year, the EPA 15



### proposed the first national carbon pollution 16



### standard for power plants. This truly is an 17



### historic step in the right direction to overcome 18



### global warming and protecting human health. 19



### The simple fact that if man is not able 20



### to solve his ecological problems, then, man's 21



### resources are going to die. Those words were 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### stated by Francis Schaefer, a noted evangelical 1



### in 1970, and they remain true today. 2



### The earth ha s a fever, and the fever's 3



### impacts have reached epidemic proportions 4



### threatening all of us. Simply put, climate change 5



### is the greatest moral challenge of our time. 6



### Climate change resulting from carbon pollution 7



### makes bad things worse. It intensifies natu ral 8



### processes, making natural events unnatural or 9



### extreme, and it hits the most vulnerable the 10



### hardest. 11



### The climate change vulnerability index 12



### graphically indicates the difficulty for those 13



### scraping out a life on the world's poorest 14



### people. The Democrati c Republic of Congo, Kady, 15



### Malawi, Sierra Leone, and Bangladesh are always 16



### some of the most difficult places to survive in 17



### the entire world, and with climate change, they 18



### are most at risk. 19



### These threats are not some future event, 20



### they are happening now, a nd God's children across 21



### this planet cry for our help. The Katem 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### commitment issued by the Lausanne movement 1



### founded by Billy Graham and John Stott recognizes 2



### the need for climate change action, as does the 3



### global evangelical network, the mico challenge. 4



### The changing climate kills hundreds of 5



### thousands of people each year, multiplies 6



### diseases, and forces millions to flee their 7



### homeland as food and water scarcities simply do 8



### not exist. Without basic needs being met, 9



### conflict ensues. 10



### In October 2009, Burke , et al., 11



### published "Warming Increases the Risk of Civil 12



### War in Africa." The author's model, the impacts 13



### just described and their influence by temperature 14



### rise. They conclude that for each 1 degree 15



### Celsius warming will result in 49 percent 16



### increase in Af rican civil wars, a 54 percent 17



### increase in conflict, an additional almost 18



### 400,000 battle deaths within the next 20 years. 19



### They are not alone in predicting 20



### increased instability. Our own U.S. Department 21



### of Defense said in its quadrennial review at 2010 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### th at climate change will continue to contribute 1



### to food and water scarcity, will increase the 2



### threat of disease, and may spur or exacerbate 3



### mass migration. 4



### While climate change alone does not 5



### cause conflict, it may act as an accelerant of 6



### instability or con flict, placing a burden to 7



### respond on civil institutions and militaries 8



### around the world. 9



### These facts represent people. Victor 10



### Mughogho, the director of the Eagle's Relief and 11



### Development Agency in Malawi, just visited the 12



### United States. During his time with us, Victor 13



### shared exactly what climate scientists have 14



### predicted for years. 15



### Victor told us how their parents, the 16



### rainy season was so predictable they could plant 17



### repeatedly on every year on October 15th. They 18



### planted, the rains fell, predictable, stable, 19



### reliable. 20



### They grew so much food that they had an 21



### overabundance. In their parents' lives, they 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### experienced only one major drought, but since 1



### 1970, droughts, floods, and unpredictable rains 2



### have become the new normal, exactly what 3



### scientists said climate change would do, wrecking 4



### havoc for poor farmers. 5



### 2011 was the fourth consecutive year of 6



### drought that was played in Malawi. Moreover, 7



### when the rains came, they were unpredictable. 8



### Victor told us that last year, that farmers 9



### planted and crops fa iled, planted and failed 10



### again, planted a third time and still failed. 11



### Hunger, malnutrition, the stenning of 12



### children are all the results, and Victor reminded 13



### us that all this is happening will damage the 14



### future of Malawi. I have much more to report and 15



### you will find that in my written testimony, but 16



### the new source standard for carbon pollution 17



### remains but a first step, and only a first step. 18



### We need a clean energy revolution whose 19



### rate of change must be incredibly fast. A 20



### transition will not provide an adequate means to 21



### protect public health and the well documented 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### fossil fuel consequences. 1



### Many people here today will talk about 2



### the increase in jobs, the public health benefits, 3



### unveiling the true cost of coal, which right now 4



### experts with Harvard say a dds anywhere from 9 5



### cents to 27 cents per kilowatt in the real cost 6



### of public health and other things. 7



### Today's action is a first step. We need 8



### that kind of clean energy revolution. As I 9



### mentioned here today, and I will conclude with 10



### the following, you m ay consider that I look like 11



### Johnnie Cash today, and I did that for a purpose. 12



### I came here today to speak for those without a 13



### voice. 14



### Many will talk about other things, but I 15



### come here to believe that climate change, carbon 16



### pollution, and the health risks , population risks 17



### are truly a great moral challenge, and we, people 18



### of faith, and we, people of the United States 19



### have a moral responsibility to protect our own 20



### children and the children of the world. 21



### Thank you very much. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 1



### Our next two speakers are Mari 2



### Castellanos and Damian Pitt. 3



### We will start with Mari. 4



### REV. CASTELLANOS: Good morning. My 5



### name is Reverend Mari Castellanos, and I am here 6



### representing both the United Church of Christ, 7



### which has more than 5,600 congregations and more 8



### than 1.2 million members, as well as the National 9



### Council of Churches, which is made of 37 10



### Christian denominations including the UCC and 11



### more than 100,000 congregations in the United 12



### States. 13



### The United Church of Christ and the 14



### broader faith comm unity applaud the Environmental 15



### Protection Agency for its proposed carbon 16



### pollution standard for new plants. We believe 17



### your proposed rule will improve air quality in 18



### this country and uses the Clean Air Act the way 19



### it was intended, to protect creation and ensure 20



### healthy communities for all of God's children. 21



### As noted in the EPA's 2009 Endangerment 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Finding, carbon dioxide, as one of the greenhouse 1



### gases, is a threat to human health and welfare. 2



### Carbon dioxide is one of the leading contributors 3



### to global c limate change, an issue that the faith 4



### community believes is one of our greatest moral 5



### challenges of our time. 6



### Climate change is having enormous impact 7



### on creation, the very creation that God declared 8



### good, as we read in the Book of Genesis, the very 9



### crea tion that we depend on to live life right 10



### here on earth, the very creation that is a gift 11



### from God, not only for us humans, but for all 12



### creatures of the earth. 13



### Changes in local climate including, as 14



### we have just heard, more frequent natural 15



### disasters, of floods and droughts, as well as 16



### changes in seasonal cycles, are not only 17



### affecting our communities, our human communities, 18



### but are disturbing the systems that the entire 19



### creation relies on. 20



### We must do all that we can to prevent 21



### future impacts, as well as prepare for the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### changes we can no longer prevent. 1



### While the standard proposed by the EPA 2



### will not eliminate carbon emissions from the 3



### power sector, they would put forth a standard for 4



### carbon emissions that utilities and businesses 5



### can use for planning pur poses that will not 6



### increase utility rates for consumers, and that 7



### lays the groundwork for improvements to the 8



### utility sector, which is responsible for more 9



### than 30 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions. 10



### As religious people, we pray and long 11



### for the da y when power plants will have no carbon 12



### dioxide emissions and when people will treat 13



### energy as the gift that it is, using only that 14



### which is needed in their daily lives. 15



### Presently, we encourage you to maintain 16



### the rule as is, along transitional plans to b e 17



### built over the 12 months and limiting future 18



### plans to 1,000 pounds of carbon per megawatt are 19



### generated. 20



### Thank you for the opportunity to share 21



### the perspective of the Christian Church as other 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### speakers have done and will do. 1



### Thank you. 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 3



### DR. PITT: My name is Dr. Damian Pitt. 4



### That is D

- A

- M

- I

- A

- N P

- I

- T

- T. I am an assistant 5



### professor of urban and regional planning at the 6



### L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public 7



### Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University. I 8



### am here a t the request of my colleagues from 9



### Virginia Interfaith Power & Light. 10



### I would like to begin by thanking the 11



### EPA and the members of this panel for the 12



### opportunity to give this testimony. 13



### I am strongly in favor of the EPA's 14



### proposed carbon pollution stand ard for new power 15



### plants. My research is primarily on climate 16



### action planning in which local governments devise 17



### strategies to reduce carbon emissions in their 18



### communities through energy efficiency renewable 19



### energy use and other means. 20



### Over 1,000 cities a nd towns across the 21



### country are engaged in these efforts. In 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### addition, many States are devising plans and 1



### adopting policies to address climate change, 2



### however, the State and local efforts are 3



### insufficient as long as our electricity is 4



### provided in large pa rt by antiquated fossil fuel 5



### power plants emitting massive amount of carbon 6



### pollution. 7



### It is time for the Federal Government to 8



### do its part by adopting these proposed carbon 9



### pollution standards for new power plants. 10



### I would like to share with you a story 11



### about one small town's efforts to address climate 12



### change by reducing its own carbon emissions, and 13



### use that context to demonstrate the dramatic 14



### benefits that these proposed standards would 15



### have. 16



### From 2007 to 2011, I assisted the town 17



### of Blacksburg, Virgi nia, in developing a draft 18



### climate action plan which includes an inventory 19



### of current and proposed future carbon emissions 20



### from the community, a goal for reducing those 21



### future emissions, and a series of recommendations 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### for policies and programs to achieve those 1



### emissions reductions. 2



### As part of this process, I worked with 3



### students at Virginia Tech to evaluate a variety 4



### of potential carbon reduction strategies. We put 5



### a major emphasis on residential energy 6



### efficiency, which is our view of I believe the 7



### most effective way that local governments can 8



### reduce energy use in carbon emissions. 9



### In a paper recently published in the 10



### Journal of Energy Environment Research, we found 11



### that an aggressive program to retrofit every 12



### single family home in Blacksburg using the best 13



### efficiency technologies on the market today would 14



### yield about 27,000 metric tons of annual CO 2 15



### equivalent to greenhouse gas reductions. 16



### So, let's contrast those with the 17



### potential carbon reductions with the ones that 18



### could be achieved from these prop osed standards. 19



### According to EPA's eGRID data, there are 20



### 25 large power plants in Virginia that produce at 21



### least 100,000 megawatt hours of electricity per 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### year at CO 2 

### rates exceeding the proposed 1



### standard. The median output of these plants is 2



### about 463,0 00 megawatt hours and the median CO 2 3



### rate is about 2,000 pounds per megawatt hour, 4



### about twice the proposed limit. 5



### If just one of these typical power 6



### plants in Virginia were to meet the proposed 7



### standard, that would save over 210,000 metric 8



### tons of CO 2 

### an nually. In other words, just one 9



### plant that meets the standard would save about 10



### eight times more carbon per year than Blacksburg 11



### community of about 50,000 residents could hope to 12



### achieve from dramatically improving the energy 13



### efficiency of every single fa mily home in town. 14



### These numbers demonstrate that while 15



### significant carbon reductions can be achieved 16



### through energy efficiency and other programs at 17



### the local level, they fail in comparison to the 18



### vast amounts of carbon that could be saved over 19



### the long term through implementation of the 20



### proposed standards. 21



### In order to achieve notable carbon 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### reductions across the country and do our part to 1



### mitigate the impacts of future climate change, we 2



### must take action at all levels of government, and 3



### that is why it i s extremely important that these 4



### proposed carbon standards for future power plants 5



### be implemented. 6



### Thank you. 7



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. Will your 8



### written comments include the Blacksburg study? 9



### DR. PITT: I have a summary of some of 10



### those results in the handout I gave you, and I 11



### can add more in depth. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thanks. 13



### Our next two speakers are Mary Ann Hitt 14



### and Dede Smith. 15



### MS. HITT: Good morning. My name is 16



### Mary Ann Hitt. I am a mother, a concerned 17



### citizen, and the director of the Sierra Club 's 18



### Beyond Coal Campaign. 19



### I live in West Virginia with my family 20



### and because my husband is traveling on business 21



### this week, I am joined today by my two

- year

- old 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### daughter Hazel. So, hopefully, her patience will 1



### last through the length of my testimony. We will 2



### see. 3



### I am here today to voice my full support 4



### for the EPA's proposed carbon pollution standard. 5



### A decade ago, there were over 200 proposed 6



### coal

- fired power plants on the drawing board 7



### nationwide. 8



### Fast forward to today, 10 years later, 9



### and only a ha ndful of those plants have been 10



### built. Why? Some of them were rejected by moms, 11



### dads, small business owners, and other local 12



### community leaders who feared that a major new 13



### industrial polluter in their backyard would not 14



### only harm their children's health, but would 15



### destroy their property values and trap them in a 16



### town or a neighborhood condemned to a downward 17



### spiral of pollution and poverty. 18



### Some of those coal plants were rejected 19



### by governors who wanted their States to be clean 20



### energy leaders in the 21st century and thought 21



### major new investments in coal would take their 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### State in exactly the wrong direction. 1



### Some of those coal plants were rejected 2



### by State regulators who feared that rate payers 3



### would pay dearly on their electric bills if their 4



### State became locked into high carbon energy for 5



### the next 50

- plus years, and some were rejected by 6



### financial backers, who realized that these 7



### projects were an increasingly bad bet, because 8



### they simply could not compete with the rapidly 9



### dropping prices of cleaner source s of energy. 10



### As a result, only one new coal

- fired 11



### power plant has broken ground in the U.S. since 12



### 2008, and the permit for that project was 13



### recently struck down in an unanimous decision by 14



### the Mississippi Supreme Court. 15



### During the same decade in 2009, th e EPA 16



### issued its finding that carbon pollution 17



### endangers public health and welfare. As I just 18



### noted, Americans of all walks of life were 19



### simultaneously reaching the same conclusion, from 20



### financiers to governors, and from State 21



### regulators to local moms and dads. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### In issuing this proposed carbon 1



### pollution standard, the EPA has taken an 2



### important step to safeguard our health and our 3



### families. As I am sure you will hear many times 4



### today, carbon pollution has been linked by 5



### scientists to increasing temperature s, decreasing 6



### levels of smog, which triggers asthma attacks and 7



### other life

- threatening health problems. 8



### But carbon pollution doesn't just 9



### threaten our children's health today, as the main 10



### cause of climate disruption, carbon pollution 11



### casts a dark shadow o ver every aspect of their 12



### future, a future menaced by the threat of 13



### increasing droughts, wildfires, tornadoes, 14



### hurricanes, rising sea levels, not to mention the 15



### resulting political instability around the world. 16



### My daughter Hazel is the light of my 17



### life. She is learning to sing. She never, ever 18



### wants to go inside including being in here at 19



### this moment, and one of her favorite things is 20



### wandering around the alleys of our small town 21



### looking for cats. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### She is also an 11th generation West 1



### Virginian through he r father. With our deep 2



### Appalachian roots, we understand in our family 3



### all too well the challenges that the clean energy 4



### future poses to some parts of the country, but I 5



### believe we have the ingenuity and the knowhow to 6



### tackle those challenges. 7



### Here is ho w the largest newspaper in 8



### West Virginia, the Charleston Gazette, put it in 9



### their editorial this past Sunday. "The topic of 10



### climate change has special resonance in West 11



### Virginia, a fossil fuel treasure trove, and what 12



### happens here has a special impact on the future 13



### of the planet. Pollution controls seeking to 14



### reduce global warming are sure to impose tighter 15



### restrictions on coal and natural gas. 16



### West Virginia's energy should not be 17



### squandered on short

- sighted attempts to protect 18



### the status quo, or to disc redit science in the 19



### public eye, or to vilify the Obama 20



### administration's very reasonable proposal that 21



### new coal

- fired power plants be required to limit 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### their greenhouse gas emissions. 1



### Hazel, I am almost done. 2



### The EPA's proposed carbon pollution 3



### standard is a common sense step towards 4



### addressing a very real threat to this nation and 5



### to the future that my daughter and all our 6



### children will inherit. 7



### If anything, the EPA is arriving late in 8



### the game, following in the footsteps of community 9



### leaders, governors , State regulators, and 10



### financiers, who all realized in the past decade 11



### that new power plants in this country must deal 12



### with their carbon pollution. 13



### I support the proposed standard and I 14



### encourage you to finalize it with all due haste. 15



### Thank you very muc h. 16



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 17



### MS. SMITH: Ooh, I am not sure I can 18



### compete with Hazel. Good morning. Thank you for 19



### this opportunity. 20



### My name is Dede Smith and I am here from 21



### Charlottesville, Virginia, where I am an elected 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### member of City Council. On A pril 2, 2012, the 1



### Charlottesville City Council voted unanimously to 2



### endorse the EPA's proposal to limit carbon 3



### pollution from new coal

- fired power plants. I 4



### have attached a copy of that resolution to my 5



### statement. 6



### Why would Charlottesville, nestled in 7



### th e foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, be 8



### concerned about coal

- burning power plants being 9



### built even hundreds of miles away? Well, simply 10



### because with a new coal

- burning plant proposed in 11



### our vicinity there is an imminent threat of 12



### further degradation i n air quality to those of us 13



### down wind of new sites. 14



### We are concerned because our modest 15



### city, with its reputation as one of the best 16



### places to live in America, has in recent years 17



### had to issue warnings over unhealthy air quality. 18



### This is a threat to our children, to pregnant 19



### women, to the elderly, to the patients who come 20



### to our outstanding medical facilities, and to the 21



### economic health of our region. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Smog is not just an eyesore. It 1



### irritates our lungs, triggers asthma attacks, 2



### increases emergency room visits, and can lead to 3



### irreversible lung damage. 4



### Tourism, education, and our renowned 5



### medical centers are the core of our area's 6



### industry. A city with as rich a historic fabric 7



### as ours relies on the 2 million tourists each 8



### year who come to Charlottesvi lle to see Thomas 9



### Jefferson's Monticello, James Monroe's Ash Lawn, 10



### and James Madison's Montpelier, or to attend one 11



### of Charlottesville's renowned literary, cultural, 12



### or artistic festivals, tour its 30 wineries and 13



### breweries, or just take in the spectacular beauty 14



### of the area, and at the heart of our local 15



### economy is the University of Virginia, 16



### consistently listed as one of the top five public 17



### universities in the country for its strong 18



### academic standing and renowned hospital. 19



### Another part of our tourism att raction 20



### is Shenandoah National Park celebrating its 75th 21



### birthday today, a short jaunt from 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Charlottesville and a refuge from the beltway's 1



### clamor. Sadly, where once a visitor could see 2



### more than 100 miles from its overlooks, today, 3



### its iconic views are o ften limited to only a mile 4



### or two due to the smog and other pollutants 5



### carried on the winds from faraway coal

- burning 6



### plants and posing health risk to the 1.5 million 7



### people who visit the park every year. 8



### I am here today to ask you to help us 9



### preserve th e historic and natural heritage of 10



### Central Virginia and therewith its economy by 11



### reducing the amount of smog and haze allowed in 12



### our air by controlling carbon pollution from new 13



### coal

- fired power plants, and I urge you further 14



### to consider higher standards f or existing power 15



### plants, as well. 16



### Thank you for your time and attention, 17



### and I hope you will come visit Charlottesville as 18



### we celebrate our 250th birthday. 19



### Thank you. 20



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 21



### Our next two speakers are Allison Chin 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and Becky Dawson. 1



### MS. CHIN: Good morning. My name is 2



### Allison Chin and I am the president of the Sierra 3



### Club's national board of directors. On behalf of 4



### our 1.4 million members and supporters, I thank 5



### you for the opportunity to speak to you today 6



### about why the Sierra Club strongly supports the 7



### EPA's recently proposed carbon pollution 8



### standards for new power plants. 9



### These standards are an important and 10



### historic step toward addressing what I believe to 11



### be one of the greatest and most daunting 12



### challenges of our generation, g lobal climate 13



### disruption. 14



### Climate disruption, which scientists 15



### tell us is happening because of ever increasing 16



### amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon 17



### pollution, being emitted into our air represents 18



### a threat, not just to polar bears and to Arctic 19



### dwe llers, but to communities and ecosystems 20



### nationwide. 21



### Scientists and doctors warn us that as 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the earth warms, unhealthy levels of ozone 1



### pollution or smog will increase and become more 2



### widespread. Higher smog levels will mean more 3



### cases of respiratory illn esses, such as childhood 4



### asthma and lung disease. 5



### Already, according to the American Lung 6



### Association, 154 million Americans, roughly half 7



### our country, suffer from air pollution levels 8



### that are unsafe. Holding dirty plants accountable 9



### for the carbon pollu tion they emit into our 10



### communities means fewer sick children and 11



### suffering loved ones, while also preserving for 12



### future generations the wild places and 13



### biodiversity that makes our country great. 14



### By taking this step to address 15



### industrial pollution from po wer plants, the 16



### administration is setting the stage for a shift 17



### in how we power our society. If we are to grow 18



### our economy and shift into a 21st century 19



### renewable model for energy production, we must 20



### modernize our infrastructure and diversify our 21



### sources. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Many States are already leading the 1



### charge to the transition to clean energy, for 2



### example, according to the American Wind and 3



### Energy Association, Iowa and North Dakota now 4



### receive 20 percent of their energy from wind 5



### power, and 38 States have utility sca le wind 6



### installations. 7



### As we think about what kind of world we 8



### want to live in, and leave for future 9



### generations, and what policies and laws we will 10



### enact regarding the future of energy production 11



### it seemed like a no

- brainer that we would want to 12



### consiste ntly strive for more energy and less 13



### waste, for a transition to cleaner fuels that do 14



### not pollute our air and sully our water, and to 15



### incentivize industry modernization and innovation 16



### to provide good, clean jobs for the next 17



### generation of workers. 18



### Yet, un fortunately, what we have seen is 19



### a handful of corporate polluters and their 20



### well

- funded lobbyists on the Hill attempt to 21



### speak for the entire energy community in opposing 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### these common sense steps forward on grounds no 1



### firmer than they simply do not wish t o clean up 2



### their pollution, to be held accountable for their 3



### emissions and damages inflicted on the 4



### communities they serve. 5



### Americans see right through these 6



### attempts to paint the EPA as the bogeyman, and 7



### poll after poll demonstrates they support 8



### implemen tation of the Clear Air Act and letting 9



### the EPA do its job to protect public health and 10



### ensure a cleaner future for us all. 11



### We should not let a vocal minority of 12



### backward thinking, profit

- driven corporate 13



### polluters derail standards that will have 14



### tremendo us benefits for our children, families, 15



### and all Americans who value clean air and wild 16



### places. 17



### Again, the Sierra Club strongly supports 18



### EPA's efforts to clean up dangerous carbon 19



### pollution, and we strongly support this rule. 20



### Thank you. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Th ank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### DR. DAWSON: Good morning. My name is 1



### Becky Smallin Dawson, and I am an assistant 2



### professor in the Department of Global and 3



### Community Health at George Mason University. 4



### My research and teaching interest and 5



### truly my professional passion lie at the 6



### intersection of public health and environmental 7



### science, and I am here today to voice my support 8



### for EPA's proposed standard for carbon pollution 9



### from new power plants, and I would also like to 10



### urge the agency to develop standards for the 11



### existing powe r plants. 12



### I came to Washington, D.C. as a newly 13



### minted Master of Public Health with a focus on 14



### environmental health issues 10 years ago today. 15



### My first task and my first full

- time job was on a 16



### project aimed at identifying strategies to reduce 17



### environment al factors that contribute to asthma 18



### in children. 19



### Ten years ago, both the public health 20



### and the environmental health communities were 21



### keenly aware of the association between air 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### pollution and asthma, so it is disheartening for 1



### me to read the latest vital statistics from CDC 2



### that say that the number of people diagnosed with 3



### asthma grew by 4.3 million people between 2001 4



### and 2009. 5



### From 2001 through 2009, the asthma rates 6



### rose the most among black children, almost a 50 7



### percent increase. Asthma was linked to 3,447 8



### deaths in 2007 alone. Asthma costs in the United 9



### States grew from about $53 billion in 2002 to $56 10



### billion in 2007, and this is about a 6 percent 11



### increase. 12



### During the past decade, as the number of 13



### asthmatics and asthma

- related illnesses and death 14



### have grown, the scientific literature linking 15



### asthma particularly in children to air pollution 16



### has also grown. 17



### The peer

- reviewed literature shows that 18



### evidence to particulate matter, ozone, and other 19



### air pollutants is associated with several 20



### measures of i ncreased asthma including increased 21



### symptoms, such as wheezing, increased bronchitis 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### in children with asthma, increased medication 1



### use, and reduced lung function. 2



### The adverse effects associated with air 3



### pollution are not limited to asthma and other 4



### respir atory illnesses. A systematic review and 5



### meta

- analysis published in the Journal of the 6



### American Medical Association in February of this 7



### year found that carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, 8



### sulphur dioxide, pm10 and pm2.5 were 9



### significantly associated with inc reased risks of 10



### myocardial infarction. 11



### The evidence linking air pollution to 12



### several adverse health outcomes, namely, asthma 13



### and MI, is strong, and it should be noted that 14



### the burden of these diseases disproportionately 15



### impacts two of the most vulnerable populations, 16



### our children and the elderly. 17



### Each year I teach a survey course on 18



### environmental health to both undergrad and 19



### graduate students at George Mason. During my 20



### introductory lecture, we identified the 21



### environmental health challenges facing us in t he 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### 21st century. Without fail, global climate 1



### change is identified as the most important 2



### environmental health issue for the future. 3



### The evidence that the temperature of the 4



### earth is increasing is undeniable. Combine that 5



### with the fact that evidence link ing air pollution 6



### to asthma, other respiratory illnesses, and MI, 7



### and we are creating the perfect storm, the 8



### perfect environmental health storm. 9



### We need to make changes as individuals, 10



### communities, and as a nation to prevent this 11



### storm from rising. We mu st take steps to address 12



### global climate change, and we must take steps to 13



### improve our ambient air quality, our health 14



### depends on it. 15



### EPA needs to address carbon pollution. 16



### New and existing power plants, the largest single 17



### source of carbon pollution, need to be held 18



### accountable for the pollution they create. 19



### Before I step down, I want to take off 20



### my hat as a professor and put on my hat as a 21



### mother of two young and healthy children. I want 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### my kids to grow up in this city. We live about 1



### two miles north, w here they can be outside every 2



### day during the summer without breathing unhealthy 3



### air. 4



### As a mother and an environmental health 5



### researcher and educator, I believe that we need 6



### to shift our thinking and our actions to reflect 7



### the message contained in the Nat ive American 8



### proverb. The proverb reads that we need to treat 9



### the earth well. It is not given to you by your 10



### parents, it is loaned to you by your children. 11



### We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, 12



### we borrow it from our children. 13



### We have borrowed too much from our 14



### children already. The time to act is now. The 15



### time to treat the earth well is now. Let us 16



### begin by working together and limiting carbon 17



### pollution produced by power plants. 18



### Thank you. 19



### MR. CULLIGAN: Our next two speakers are 20



### Carol St one and Christina and no last name. 21



### Let's start with Carol. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MS. STONE: My name is Carol Stone, 1



### C

- A

- R

- O

- L S

- T

- O

- N

- E. I am a resident of 2



### Virginia for the past 23 years. I am here as a 3



### citizen. I frequently sail on the Chesapeake Bay 4



### and camp, hike, an d cycle in the Potomac and 5



### Shenandoah River watersheds. 6



### I relish opportunities to swim, kayak, 7



### and fish in natural waters that are clean enough 8



### and which to safely do so, which are increasingly 9



### rare. Although I work as a violin and viola 10



### teacher, because of my appreciation for clean 11



### water, I have earned a Master's degree in 12



### environmental engineering, and my personal 13



### environmental advocacy now tends to center on 14



### aquatic environments. 15



### Therefore, I would like to address a 16



### specific concern about CO 2 

### emission s that is not 17



### often mentioned in the mainstream media. This 18



### concern is the acidification of the world's 19



### oceans. Acidification and related carbonate 20



### depletion occurs when CO 2 

### from the air mixes with 21



### saltwater and forms carbonic acid. Hydrogen ions 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### thus r eleased also quickly react with carbonate 1



### ions making them unavailable to organisms in the 2



### ocean that need carbonate for shell building. 3



### CO 2 

### released into the air by power 4



### plants and other sources is quite readily 5



### absorbed into the ocean and the deleterio us 6



### effects long predicted in the scientific 7



### community are beginning to be seen in reality. 8



### According to NOAA, acidity in the oceans 9



### has risen 30 percent in the past 200 years since 10



### the onset of the industrial revolution, and this 11



### is thought to be primaril y due to the absorption 12



### of CO 2 

### from the air. As the rate of CO 2 13



### emissions increases, so does the rate of 14



### acidification of the world's oceans. 15



### Ocean acidification predicted to be 16



### harmful to any aquatic organisms that form shells 17



### has already begun to be de monstrably taking its 18



### toll on the health of oyster populations in the 19



### Pacific Northwest. 20



### Over the past decade, highly acidified 21



### seawater has begun rising up along portions of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the West Coast of the United States and the 1



### corrosive waters are preventing the larvae of 2



### wild oyster populations from successfully forming 3



### shells in areas such as the Puget Sound of 4



### Washington State. 5



### Oyster hatcheries in Washington and 6



### Oregon have also begun to experience extremely 7



### high larval mortality rates that have been 8



### attribut ed to the same corrosively acidic 9



### seawater. Affected oyster hatcheries on the West 10



### Coast must now monitor their seawater intake to 11



### avoid the most acidic water and buffer overly 12



### acidic water using sodium bicarbonate in order to 13



### raise the pH levels to allow oyster larvae to 14



### survive. This is an expensive and short

- term 15



### solution and is currently supported with Federal 16



### funds. 17



### The problem in the American Northwest is 18



### an example of what we can expect to see more of 19



### worldwide as CO 2 

### emissions from power plants a nd 20



### other sources continues. According to Richard 21



### Feely, a senior scientist at NOAA's Pacific 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Marine Environmental Laboratory, and an expert in 1



### ocean's carbon chemistry, problems with ocean 2



### acidification are also starting to be seen in the 3



### United States At lantic Coast and in Australia. 4



### Agricultural runoff and sewerage have 5



### been taking a toll on the once thriving oyster 6



### business in the Chesapeake Bay and now a rising 7



### ocean acidity is further exacerbating the 8



### problems of CO 2 

### laden waters right here. 9



### All org anisms that build a shell or 10



### contribute a branch of the coral reef are 11



### threatened, not just mussels and oysters that 12



### some may love to eat. A multitude of familiar 13



### organisms and also those we may not be so 14



### familiar with, such as foraminifera, form an 15



### integ ral part of the food chain and also provide 16



### essential oceanic habitat for fish and other sea 17



### creatures. 18



### Thus, CO 2 

### emissions are not just harming 19



### our respiratory health and tracking heat in our 20



### atmosphere. They are threatening the viability of 21



### our oceans a s well, thereby undermining the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### world's environmental health at a very 1



### fundamental level. 2



### CO 2 

### emissions must be curbed and 3



### limiting emissions from both new and existing 4



### power plants is essential in light of threats to 5



### the ocean systems that we are beginni ng to see 6



### unfold. 7



### I support the EPA's proposed standards 8



### for limiting carbon pollution from new power 9



### plants, and I urge the EPA to act quickly and 10



### responsibly to finalize these standards and move 11



### forward to develop standards for existing power 12



### plants as well. 13



### My son, who recently graduated from 14



### college last weekend, said to me, "This is a 15



### great time to be alive, we have all this great 16



### technology and we haven't destroyed the planet 17



### yet." 18



### I wonder what his children will be 19



### saying to him when they graduate from college. 20



### Thank you. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Go ahead. 1



### MS. MORGAN: Hey, everyone. My name is 2



### Christina and I am from Hampton Roads, Virginia. 3



### I am currently with the Funds for the Public 4



### Interest, working on grass

- roots campaigns for 5



### nonprofi ts, like Environment America and 6



### Environment Virginia. I have spent my life 7



### feeling passionately about the environment, and I 8



### have studied and explored the natural world with 9



### joy from my childhood. 10



### My undergraduate studies and research 11



### within biology and chemistry have given me an 12



### in

- depth view of many aspects of the carbon cycle 13



### on planet earth and ways that human activities 14



### affects that cycle. 15



### We are all here today essentially 16



### discussing those aspects of the carbon cycle the 17



### way that humans through the ir power plants in the 18



### USA, for example, are shaping the destiny and 19



### overall experiences, billions of people in 20



### countless numbers of other organisms on the 21



### planet. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### For me, this issue boils down to one 1



### major concept, and that is responsibility. The 2



### planet is now more polluted by human beings

-- I 3



### am sorry

-- more populated by human beings than 4



### ever before in recorded history. In tandem, our 5



### biosphere is more challenged by human impacts 6



### than ever before in earth's history. 7



### Time ticks by and we learn daily about 8



### the ways that greenhouse gases and global warming 9



### affect our climate. News stories tell us the 10



### tales of lives destroyed by storms and illnesses 11



### that are expected to intensify as carbon release 12



### into the atmosphere through human activities 13



### continues and tentatively increases with coming 14



### years. 15



### At this point in the research and 16



### experience of the human species, we are at a 17



### crossroads. We know the facts or at least many 18



### of them, and have found critical connections of 19



### major greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, two 20



### phenomenon like global warming or climate change, 21



### and we are watching the effects of climate change 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### unfold around us through weather, temperature 1



### changes, ocean acidification, increased ground 2



### level ozone pollution and all of their dramatic 3



### ef fects on our biosphere. 4



### When faced by the information and 5



### circumstances, I feel like the one choice we have 6



### as a species is to stand up for the lives of the 7



### many even if it is sometimes a bit inconvenient 8



### for the few. 9



### With knowledge comes great 10



### responsib ility, and for the United States to 11



### finally adopt and enforce the standards for power 12



### plant carbon emissions with power plants leading 13



### the way in our nation for anthropogenic sources 14



### of carbon release, we would truly be acting 15



### appropriately in response to the knowledge that 16



### we possess on this subject. 17



### Personally, it would make me more proud 18



### to be an American. My family and I have had to 19



### evacuate numerous times from powerful nor'easters 20



### and hurricanes, and felt the impacts of their 21



### winds and flood waters a t our homes and our 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### communities. 1



### The older I get, the more I meet youth 2



### with respiratory problems and asthma tied to air 3



### pollution, and I have watched some of my favorite 4



### views in Virginia, such as the ocean front and 5



### the Shenandoah National park be obscu red by smog 6



### and gray

- green haze. 7



### As a marine scientist, I have been 8



### horrified to learn about the ways that ocean 9



### acidification threatens our marine life 10



### worldwide, in particular, plankton, the producers 11



### of most of the world's oxygen and foundational 12



### compo nents of the world's green ecosystems are 13



### threatened increasingly by acidic oceans as 14



### created by more carbon dioxide diffusing into 15



### earth's waters. 16



### I am not prepared to witness humans 17



### failing to acknowledge their role and conserving 18



### species and habitats f or human and non

- humans 19



### worldwide. Rather, I am ready to see America 20



### take responsibility for its anthropogenic sources 21



### of carbon release into the atmosphere. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### So I support EPA's proposed standards 1



### for carbon pollution from new power plants, and I 2



### urge the agency to move forward with finalizing 3



### these standards this year. 4



### I also urge the EPA to move quickly to 5



### develop standards for existing power plants, 6



### bringing our nation notably more up to date and 7



### meeting our biological requirements for reducing 8



### carbon emissions from such industry. 9



### Thank you all for your time and here is 10



### to a long

- lived healthy planet earth for 11



### countless generations to come. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you for 13



### that. 14



### Our next two speakers are Barbara 15



### Gottlieb and Douglas Hunt. 16



### Thank you and welcome. We will start 17



### with Barbara. 18



### MS. GOTTLIEB: Good morning. My name is 19



### Barbara Gottlieb, G

- O

- T

- T

- L

- I

- E

- B. I am the 20



### director of Environment and Health at Physicians 21



### for Social Responsibility, a national 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### organization of health professionals that works 1



### to protect human life from the greatest threats 2



### to health and survival. 3



### I speak on behalf of our 40,000 members 4



### and activists in voicing our support for the 5



### EPA's proposed rule for reducing greenhouse gas 6



### emissions from coal

- fired power plants

. 7



### As we all know, climate change is 8



### acknowledged by scientists around the world to be 9



### real and to be caused primarily by human activity 10



### especially the burning of fossil fuels. 11



### As the earth warms, the delicate balance 12



### of climate, weather, water, and life is 13



### disrupted. The consequences threaten human 14



### health and ultimately survival. This makes the 15



### EPA's proposed carbon pollution rule for electric 16



### utility generating units one of the most 17



### important actions you can take to protect human 18



### health and well

- being. 19



### The world is warming. 2011 was one of 20



### the warmest years on record according to the 21



### World Meteorological Organization, and longer 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### term, the chance of limiting the rise in global 1



### temperatures to the desired ceiling of 2 degrees 2



### Celsius in this century is getting slimmer and 3



### slimmer according to the International Energy 4



### Agency. Significantly, the IEA's chief economist 5



### recently attributed that pessimistic assessment 6



### to the continuing construction of power plants. 7



### Warming has grave and immediate 8



### consequence s for human health, and these will be 9



### the focus of my remarks today. Global warming is 10



### predicted to increase the frequency of extreme 11



### heat events or heat waves which can cause serious 12



### heat

- related illnesses and can lead to death. 13



### The most common is heat exhaustion, 14



### which, in turn, can progress to heat stroke. The 15



### clinical definition of heat stroke includes a 16



### core body temperature of 105 degrees Fahrenheit 17



### or more, and central nervous system 18



### abnormalities, such as delirium, convulsions, and 19



### coma. 20



### With ef fects like these, heat waves can 21



### and do cause mortality, often related to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory 1



### causes especially with pre

- existing illnesses. 2



### Extreme heat events are already a 3



### significant public health problem in the United 4



### Sta tes, responsible for more deaths annually than 5



### hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, and 6



### earthquakes combined. 7



### The health impact of extreme heat events 8



### will likely be exacerbated in the future by the 9



### synergistic effects of a warming climate, 10



### urbanizat ion, and an aging population. 11



### Advanced age represents one of the most 12



### significant risk factors for heat

- based 13



### illnesses. Although the people have diminished 14



### ability to regulate body temperature, they 15



### generally experience poorer health and they are 16



### more li kely to live alone and have reduced social 17



### contacts, further increasing their vulnerability. 18



### This vulnerable group is growing as the 19



### elderly become an increasingly large proportion 20



### of the U.S. population. The urban poor are 21



### another highly vulnerable popu lation to extreme 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### heat exposure. City environments hold more heat, 1



### creating the so

- called urban heat island 2



### phenomenon. 3



### After absorbing heat during the daytime, 4



### the urban heat island radiates it out at night, 5



### raising nighttime minimum temperatures, a 6



### phe nomenon which has been linked 7



### epidemiologically to excess mortality. 8



### People with certain pre

- existing medical 9



### conditions including cardiovascular disease, 10



### respiratory illnesses, obesity, neurologic, or 11



### psychiatric disease are highly vulnerable. Taken 12



### tog ether, that encompasses a wide swath of the 13



### American population. 14



### Rising temperatures also worsen air 15



### quality and the risk of respiratory disease. As 16



### you have heard from other speakers today, ozone 17



### formation increases with increasing temperature 18



### and ozone contributes to asthma and other chronic 19



### lung diseases. 20



### In addition, a 2000 mine study indicates 21



### that ozone exposure is associated with a 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### heightened risk of death from respiratory causes, 1



### and that long term, even low

- level exposures to 2



### ozone can be lethal

. 3



### This is very worrisome given that other 4



### research suggests that ozone concentrations in 5



### the U.S. may increase between 5 and 10 percent 6



### over the next 50 years purely as a result of 7



### climate change. 8



### Because time is short, I have presented 9



### only a part of PS R's concerns about the health 10



### and climate change. I entered into the docket a 11



### full footnoted version of this testimony and also 12



### information about climate change effects on human 13



### health related to extreme weather, floods, and 14



### droughts, water

- borne and inse ct

- borne diseases, 15



### wildfires, impact on crop fields and the food 16



### supply, and the less known but very real dangers 17



### of mental health effects due to climate change. 18



### I have also entered into the docket the 19



### names and addresses of cities, at least cities 20



### and St ates, of 2,180 PSR members who have added 21



### their support for this very important proposed 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### EPA rule. These signatures are a small 1



### indication of the importance PSR places on this 2



### first Federal action for nationwide reduction of 3



### greenhouse gases. 4



### We look for ward to a strong rule, strong 5



### implementation, and, in the future, more 6



### comprehensive steps to protect our health and our 7



### world from carbon pollution from existing, as 8



### well as power plants. 9



### Thank you. 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 11



### REV. HUNT: Good morning. My name is 12



### Douglas Hunt. I am an ordained clergy in the 13



### United Church of Christ

-- I guess you can't hear 14



### well

-- United Church of Christ. I am also a 15



### board member of the Pennsylvania affiliate of 16



### Interfaith Power & Light, a national 17



### organization, as you have heard before this 18



### morning, connecting over 30,000 congregations of 19



### all faiths across the United States. I have also 20



### been the executive director of Tennessee 21



### Interfaith Power & Light. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I come this morning

-- and we will talk 1



### with some language that I don't think you have 2



### heard very much

-- I was struck by the fact that 3



### in 2007, a public broadcasting system special 4



### called "Heat," began with the remark that we are 5



### standing on the precipice of hell. 6



### Now, those of us in religious circles 7



### are used to usin g those kinds of language, but 8



### clearly, the hell that we are being talked about 9



### is the hell on earth, not a hell after earth, and 10



### I want to thank you for issuing the first ever 11



### national industrial carbon pollution standards 12



### for power plants, and offering t he public this 13



### second chance to be heard. 14



### We have taken with this proposal a step 15



### back, a small step, but perhaps a step back from 16



### that precipice. The standards are essential to 17



### reduce the effects of climate change that worsen 18



### smog, trigger asthma attacks , and other serious 19



### health consequences. 20



### These health impacts are felt most by 21



### those that we care about, children, the elderly, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and people with other respiratory problems 1



### especially those who do not have the resources, 2



### as many in this country and around t he world do, 3



### to mitigate these impacts. 4



### As you may know, Knoxville, Tennessee, 5



### where I was located for five years when I was 6



### executive director there, is also one of the 7



### world's asthma capitals thanks to the Tennessee 8



### Valley authorities, coal

- fired power plants, many 9



### of which are very old. 10



### I have also been struck recently by a 11



### diverse spectrum of individuals, such as NASA 12



### senior climate scientist James Hensen, Archbishop 13



### Desmond Tutu, Prime Minister Angela Merkle, and 14



### many, many others who have recognized the issues 15



### and have identified addressing climate change and 16



### the release of greenhouse gases as a moral 17



### imperative, not just a scientific, but a moral 18



### imperative. 19



### In the views of these notables, in 20



### science and religion and politics, if they are 21



### not persu asive, the deaths and the life of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### illness of our children, human dislocations, crop 1



### failures, decertification, and conclusively laid 2



### by scientific fact at the door of our globally 3



### warming planet proclaim that addressing climate 4



### change is indeed a moral and ethical imperative 5



### and needs to be the concern of everyone. 6



### The United States remains the leading 7



### worldwide per capita emitter of greenhouse gas 8



### pollution. It is clear that the U.S. has the 9



### responsibility to lead in moving us back from 10



### that precipice. 11



### My faith tradition calls me to see with 12



### loving eyes what is before me to judge what I see 13



### against moral and ethical standards and then to 14



### act, to act in faith, to bring the message to 15



### those who will listen. 16



### The needs of our children and our 17



### grandchildren command us to take action. That is 18



### why I am here today. That is why this first step 19



### to directly regulate carbon pollution in the 20



### power industry is so very important. 21



### I strongly support the proposed 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### regulation and urge rapid approval and very, very 1



### rapid implementation. 2



### Thank you again for the opportunity. 3



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 4



### Our next two speakers are Kenneth 5



### Haapala and Linda Burchfield. 6



### You can start whenever you are ready. 7



### MR. HAAPALA: Good morning. I am Ken 8



### Haapala, the vice president of t he Science and 9



### Environmental Policy Project, SEPP. 10



### The idea that carbon is a pollutant that 11



### needs to be regulated is based upon the EPA 12



### endangerment finding. The finding is being 13



### litigated in Federal court, USCA Case No. 10109. 14



### The finding is based upon predictions of 15



### unprecedented and dangerous global warming based 16



### upon speculative computer models. 17



### The models have never been validated or 18



### verified, thus, the products are not scientific 19



### knowledge, but speculation. The models are 20



### clearly wrong. There ha s been no warming trend 21



### for about 15 years even though the atmospheric 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### carbon dioxide levels have been increasing. 1



### There is a high to very high level of 2



### uncertainty in 11 of the 16 major forcing 3



### factors, inputs in the models considered by the 4



### models. Thu s, the outputs have a level of 5



### scientific uncertainty. 6



### The certainty expressed by the EPA is 7



### scientifically false. It is no better than 8



### taking a poll of a J.P. Morgan model builders on 9



### their certainty that their models are correct, 10



### that is, taken three m onths ago. 11



### The models on which the EPA is based are 12



### clearly wrong. The EPA failed to produce an 13



### independent analysis of the science as required 14



### by the Data Quality Act, a finding by the EPA 15



### Inspector General. 16



### The EPA failed to consult its Scientific 17



### Adv isory Board, a finding by the EPA Inspector 18



### General. 19



### The EPA failed to consider the enormous 20



### health and welfare benefits from enhanced carbon 21



### dioxide in the atmosphere including benefits to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### agriculture and the environment, making the 1



### environment far more robust. 2



### I have here a document with 3



### approximately 1,000 studies, scientific studies, 4



### verifying that statement, and another document 5



### with more scientific studies verifying my 6



### statements. 7



### In short, using faulty science, the EPA 8



### is proposing to close down t he coal

- fired utility 9



### industry that has greatly benefited Americans for 10



### 130 years by providing affordable electricity. 11



### Climate has been changing for billions 12



### of years. To propose that controlling EPA will 13



### somehow stop climate change is totally absurd. 14



### Th ank you. 15



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you, and like I 16



### said, you are free to add your comments, read 17



### comments at the front table. 18



### Linda. 19



### MS. BURCHFIELD: Good morning. My name 20



### is Linda Burchfield and I am speaking on behalf 21



### of the Northern Virginia Climate Acti on Network, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### a coalition of 10 nonprofit groups here in 1



### Northern Virginia that all have different 2



### missions, different focuses, but we are united 3



### and are concerned about climate change and a 4



### sense of urgency to reduce greenhouse gas levels. 5



### We are delighted that the EPA has 6



### proposed their new source performance standards, 7



### which will begin to reduce or which will begin 8



### the process of reducing greenhouse gases while, 9



### at the same time, protecting the power industry 10



### from undue hardship. 11



### By beginning the process of reducing 12



### emissions from electric utility generating units, 13



### EPA is reducing the impacts and risks articulated 14



### in the endangerment finding. I will mention two 15



### impacts that focus directly on public health, 16



### higher average temperatures and more heat waves, 17



### which are associated with increased death and 18



### illness. 19



### Heat is already the leading cause of 20



### weather

- related deaths in the U.S. Increased 21



### temperatures react with nitrous oxide and 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### volatile organic compounds to raise ozone levels 1



### which have been linked to ozone, which have been 2



### linked to asthma and premature death. Asthma 3



### levels are too high now, and will increase as 4



### temperatures increase. 5



### A pediatrician friend of mine reports a 6



### telling statistic. At Inova Hospital in Fairfax, 7



### where she works, 285 child ren were admitted for 8



### severe asthma attacks in 2010, and 2,007 children 9



### in 2011. 10



### The standard is not expected to result 11



### in any disruption to our power supply. It merely 12



### reflects the ongoing trends started by themselves 13



### when they choose to fuel with natur al gas for 14



### economic reasons, and for fossil fuel EGUs that 15



### are being proposed, technologies are available 16



### which have been adequately demonstrated. 17



### In proposing the standard, EPA has 18



### considered both the energy and economic impacts 19



### that may result from meet ing the new standard. 20



### This process ensures the new standard will not be 21



### an undue hardship on our economy. Instead, this 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### standard will lead to innovation. 1



### Look, for example, at the EPA standards 2



### on nitrous oxide for auto emissions. In that 3



### case, regulati on was the mother of innovation, 4



### and the catalytic converter was born. A whole 5



### new industry of air pollution control equipment 6



### was created. 7



### A 2010 study by the Department of 8



### Commerce found that here, in the U.S., air 9



### pollution control equipment alone gen erated 10



### revenues of 18 billion per year including exports 11



### of more than 3 billion. 12



### Approximately 119,000 companies are 13



### engaged in the environmental technology business, 14



### which generates approximately 300 billion in 15



### revenue, 44 billion in exports, and support ed 16



### close to 1.7 million jobs. 17



### This standard will encourage research 18



### into more American pollution control technology, 19



### such as CCS. So, yes, we applaud the EPA for 20



### taking this first limited step to protect the 21



### public health and encourage the current trend 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### towards cleaner generation. 1



### It is high time for the standard to be 2



### adopted, and we look forward to seeing reductions 3



### of carbon dioxide from existing EGUs and other 4



### high emitters. 5



### Thank you. 6



### Where do we take our written? 7



### MR. CULLIGAN: You can drop them off at 8



### the registration desk if you signed in at the 9



### beginning. 10



### Thank you, both. 11



### Our next two speakers are Tyler Madison 12



### and Herbert Fitzell. As they are coming up, I 13



### would just like to thank everyone who has spoken 14



### so far for helping me with the only part of my 15



### job today that I wasn't looking forward to, which 16



### was having to tell anyone that they had exceeded 17



### their five minutes. 18



### Everyone has done a very commendable job 19



### of writing, well written, but yet concise 20



### testimony. I personally very much appreci ate 21



### that, so thank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### With that, do we have Tyler Madison? 1



### MR. FITZELL: I will go first. 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: Okay. 3



### MR. FITZELL: I am with the Sierra Club. 4



### I would like to thank everybody for the 5



### opportunity to speak today. Thank you all for 6



### the opport unity to speak about the EPA proposal 7



### to limit industrial carbon pollution. 8



### As a concerned citizen, I am pleased 9



### that the EPA is taking action to address limits 10



### which, given the nature of the problem, could not 11



### be more urgently needed. 12



### Firstly, as a matt er of health, 13



### according to the EPA's web site, I currently live 14



### in the U.S. zip code with unhealthy air quality. 15



### Although the air is far cleaner in Chester, 16



### Virginia than in my previous residence of Mexico 17



### City, the quality of the air in Chester has been 18



### a factor in life and death situations for my 19



### family on more than one occasion. 20



### I lived for years in Mexico City and I 21



### had severe respiratory infections every few 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### months due to the severe pollution. We certainly 1



### need protections from the type of unrestrai ned 2



### pollution found in that city. 3



### My Mexican doctor advised me that over 4



### 95 percent of the population there has either a 5



### respiratory problem or an eye problem due to 6



### pollution. 7



### One would hope that we would be safe 8



### from such extremes in the USA, neverthel ess, 9



### after returning to the U.S., I was the primary 10



### caregiver to more than one person who was dying 11



### of a respiratory disease, and the air quality in 12



### Chester exacerbated what was already a terminal 13



### situation. 14



### My mother had asthma for years and 15



### developed te rminal lung cancer in 2001. She 16



### passed away in 2003. During the intervening year 17



### and a half, she had several asthma attacks which 18



### required a rush to the hospital and threatened to 19



### take her away immediately. 20



### Research has shown that vulnerable 21



### populations are most susceptible to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### asthma

- inducing smog. Unfortunately, I believe 1



### the air quality in Chester contributed to her 2



### asthma attacks. 3



### It is during these life and death 4



### moments when a loved one is struggling for life 5



### and asks for help that one realizes the air 6



### quality is truly a matter of life and death. 7



### My mother did smoke, and this did 8



### contribute to her death, but each day, countless 9



### young children across this country are victims of 10



### asthma attacks. They bear no responsibility for 11



### their situation, and th eir parents were placed in 12



### a similar life and death struggle while listening 13



### to their children try to say "Help me, I can't 14



### breathe." 15



### In 2007, the American Public Health 16



### Association issued a policy statement entitled, 17



### "Addressing the Urgent Threat of Glob al Climate 18



### Change to Public Health and the Environment." 19



### It said, "The long

- term threat of global 20



### climate change to global health is extremely 21



### serious, and the fourth IPCC report and other 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### scientific literature demonstrate convincingly 1



### the anthropogenic T HG emissions were primarily 2



### responsible for this threat. U.S. policymakers 3



### should immediately take the necessary steps to 4



### reduce U.S. emissions of THGs including carbon 5



### dioxide to avert dangerous climate change." 6



### Despite such warnings, my local energy 7



### pr ovider and State monopoly, Virginia Power, has 8



### no plans for clean energy in its recently 9



### released 15

- year integrated resource plan. Dirty 10



### coal remains its chief energy source, and they 11



### continue to muscle out small, clean energy 12



### start

- ups. 13



### I recently spok e to my congressional 14



### representative from Virginia's 4th District, 15



### Randy Forbes. I provided him with a list of 16



### official statements from virtually every 17



### scientific society in the world. These comment 18



### statements were all similar to the statement of 19



### the Amer ican Public Health Association, and 20



### stating that the earth is warming and that 21



### anthropogenic THG emissions are primarily 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### responsible for climate change. 1



### We spoke to Senator James Inhofe's 2



### recent book, "The Greatest Hoax," in which the 3



### science of climate c hange is said to be a great 4



### hoax. 5



### Representative Forbes did not state that 6



### he disagreed with Senator Inhofe, but he 7



### certainly disagrees with Al Gore on the science. 8



### I later received a letter from 9



### Representative Forbes, which stated, "New debate 10



### on global climate change has been fueled by the 11



### extensive discussion arguing new evidence and 12



### research findings on both sides of the climate 13



### change debate." 14



### While there may be debate and deadlock 15



### on both sides of the supposed issue in Congress, 16



### there is a consensu s in the scientific community 17



### about the cause of climate change. 18



### Contrary to some media and Internet 19



### reports, the consensus among professional 20



### scientists is that human activities are the 21



### primary cause of global climate change. We need 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### to reduce the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide 1



### from 392 parts per million to under 350 parts per 2



### million. 3



### In my view, nothing could be more 4



### important than a science

- based approach to global 5



### climate change. Many individual life and death 6



### struggles are impacted by carbon emissions, and 7



### the biosystems of the planet are under the 8



### greatest threat in 65 million years. 9



### I urge the EPA, in accordance with the 10



### 2007 Supreme Court ruling that requires the EPA 11



### to take action to address carbon pollution, to 12



### take whatever action is ne cessary to reduce 13



### carbon levels to under 350 parts per million. 14



### Respect for the sanctity, not only of 15



### human life, but all life and creation itself 16



### requires our strongest efforts. 17



### Thank you, all. 18



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 19



### MR. FITZELL: I would like to b ring a 20



### picture of my mother, Nancy Fitzell. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Just a reminder for all 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### of our future speakers, for the benefit of the 1



### court reporter, it is very helpful for you to 2



### both state your name and spell it, and list any 3



### affiliations before you start t alking. 4



### MS. MATTESON: My name is Tyla Matteson, 5



### T

- Y

- L

- A M

- A

- T

- T

- E

- S

- O

- N, 4896 Burnham Road in 6



### Richmond, Virginia 23234. My comments are quite 7



### short. 8



### It is of most importance to have carbon 9



### standards that the EPA standards stand for our 10



### health, for our safety, and for our climate. 11



### My mother's home has been flooded three 12



### times in the last 10 years due to the more 13



### frequent and severe storms and the resulting 14



### storm surges, also, which is because of the sea 15



### level rise, which is happening in the Hampton 16



### Road s area. She lives near a coastal area in 17



### Hampton, Virginia, on a canal that did not 18



### usually cause such damage. 19



### The number one concern for all of us is 20



### addressing climate change, and these regulations 21



### will address that. I have traveled six times on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### my ow n expense to the United Nations climate 1



### change conferences, and I have heard firsthand 2



### the stories of people from around the world who 3



### are affected by climate change, permafrost 4



### melting, islands disappearing, glacier melting, 5



### and many other things. 6



### Thank you kindly. 7



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 8



### Our next two speakers are Larry Roussell 9



### and Rachel Cleetus. 10



### MR. ROUSSELL: Good morning. Thank you 11



### for this opportunity. My comments will be brief. 12



### I didn't prepare anything for today, but I am 13



### sure you are remi nded of all the things that Tyla 14



### just mentioned. It is very obvious that our 15



### climate is changing for whatever reason, and many 16



### scientists now believe that it is because of 17



### mankind's input. 18



### But I would remind you that we have 19



### failed to regulate our bankin g system, and we are 20



### paying the consequences now. I think we need 21



### regulations even though I generally, as a 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### businessman, I am opposed to regulations. 1



### Some regulations are needed. The profit 2



### motive is a wonderful thing, but if it is not 3



### watched, it can c ause problems. 4



### I am sorry, L

- A

- R

- R

- Y R

- O

- U

- S

- S

- E

- L

- L 5



### from Richmond. I am affiliated with C

- CAN, 6



### Sierra Club, and other groups that are working on 7



### this issue. 8



### I was present when VEPCO presented their 9



### 60

- page batch of regulations that they had 10



### written to the Virginia General Assembly. Some 11



### of the members there weren't even aware, they 12



### hadn't had a chance to even read this proposal, 13



### and for some reason it was voted on unanimously. 14



### I think there is a money factor going on here 15



### that we are not necessarily p arty to or aware of 16



### sometimes. 17



### So, I just encourage you to look at this 18



### as a bigger issue than just protecting citizens 19



### of Virginia, but it is a worldwide issue, and as 20



### a leader of the world, we need to stop dragging 21



### our feet and do something about some o f the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### issues that we are talking about. 1



### Thank you. 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 3



### MS. CLEETUS: Thank you for the 4



### opportunity to testify today. My name is 5



### R

- A

- C

- H

- E

- L, C

- L

- E

- E

- T

- U

- S, and I am a senior 6



### climate economist at the Union of Concerned 7



### Scientists. 8



### UCS is the nation's leading 9



### science

- based nonprofit working for a health 10



### environment and a safer world, and we do a lot of 11



### work to raise awareness of climate science, as 12



### well as solutions we have available to lower 13



### emissions. 14



### On behalf today of UCS's mor e than 15



### 400,000 supporters and our network of more than 16



### 18,000 scientists, I want to say that we strongly 17



### support the EPA's efforts to regulate carbon 18



### emissions from fossil fuel

- fired power plants. 19



### Our supporters have written over 55,000 20



### comments in suppor t of the standard, and this is 21



### part of over 1 million supportive comments that 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### EPA will have delivered to it. 1



### We believe that EPA's actions are firmly 2



### grounded in the science, the threat posed by 3



### unchecked climate change, which is driven by 4



### human activiti es, has been clearly articulated by 5



### numerous national and international scientific 6



### organizations including the U.S. National Academy 7



### of Sciences. 8



### If we fail to make deep reductions in 9



### our carbon emissions, we will greatly increase 10



### the risk of serious econ omic, public health, and 11



### environmental consequences including sea level 12



### rise, extreme weather events, increased risk of 13



### asthma and heat stress, a strain on water 14



### resources, and the loss or degradation of vital 15



### ecosystems. 16



### EPA's obligation and authority to 17



### regulate global warming emissions under the Clean 18



### Air Act is clearly supported by the 2007 Supreme 19



### Court ruling on a subsequent endangerment finding 20



### that the agency issued in 2009. 21



### In 2010, CO 2 

### emissions from power plants 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### were the single largest source o f U.S. CO 2 1



### emissions, responsible for approximately 40 2



### percent of these emissions, and therefore, taking 3



### action to reduce emissions from the electricity 4



### sector is crucial to our overall efforts to 5



### mitigate climate change. 6



### EPA's draft proposal for carbon 7



### s tandards for new power plants are a good start. 8



### We believe that setting an ambitious, but 9



### achievable, output based on it, that is applied 10



### uniformly to all new fossil

- fired power plants 11



### will help ensure a transition to cleaner 12



### generation over time. 13



### We do believe that the standard would be 14



### improved by lowering it from 1,000 pound CO 2 

### per 15



### megawatt hour for electricity generated to 800, 16



### which is a level that is currently achievable by 17



### modern natural gas combined cycle units. 18



### As EPA has noted in its proposal, EIA's 19



### 2011 reference case forecast shows that there 20



### were virtually no new conventional coal

- fired 21



### power plants being built, projected to be built 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### anywhere, and EIA's 2012 projections underscore 1



### the same message. 2



### Basically, even under business as usual, 3



### l ow natural gas prices, the mounting production 4



### and pollution costs of coal

- fired power, and 5



### increased competition for low

- cost alternatives 6



### like energy efficiency and renewable energy are 7



### basically making coal

- fired power uneconomical 8



### under current market conditions. 9



### So, this proposed standard just 10



### underscores a reality that is already underway. 11



### We do have some serious reservations about the 12



### 30

- year averaging will turn a compliance 13



### mechanism that is proposed in the rule, both 14



### because of the difficulties i n actually enforcing 15



### these provisions and because of concerns about 16



### the cost and performance assumptions around 17



### carbon capture and storage. 18



### If this provision does remain in the 19



### final rule, we believe it should be significantly 20



### tightened to ensure that it doesn't merely serve 21



### as a loophole for high

- emitting power plants to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### be built with the risk that those emissions may 1



### never be reduced eventually. 2



### Furthermore, we don't see a reason for 3



### special treatment for CCS. We believe EPA should 4



### explore alternative compliance mechanisms that 5



### utilize energy efficiency and renewable energy. 6



### These are proven technologies, they are already 7



### affordable and available, and, therefore, far 8



### less risky than banking on CCS. 9



### Of course, reducing emissions from the 10



### power sector d oes require reducing emissions from 11



### the existing fleet, as well, which are the main 12



### source of emissions. Since much of our existing 13



### fleet is old and efficient and dirty, there are 14



### significant opportunities here for reducing 15



### emissions. 16



### EPA itself has noted in the draft rule 17



### that we note that now that it is moving on used 18



### power plants, it is legally obligated to issue 19



### standards under 111(d) for the existing power 20



### plants. 21



### So, we look forward to seeing a draft 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### proposal for existing power plants issued in a 1



### ti mely fashion, and this would also provide more 2



### certainty to utilities as they make decisions 3



### about how best to comply with the entire suite of 4



### Clean Air Act obligations. 5



### We encourage EPA's efforts to engage 6



### with and consult with States and appropriate 7



### sta keholders to ensure that those standards for 8



### the existing fleet are well coordinated with 9



### existing State actions. 10



### Several States and regions, as you know, 11



### have taken a leadership role in this area. We 12



### need to ensure that they have the appropriate 13



### incenti ves to continue to implement and 14



### strengthen their programs. 15



### In all cases, the Clean Air Act 16



### standards to the existing fleet should provide an 17



### ambitious framework to encourage greater emission 18



### reductions than would occur without it. 19



### We especially encourag e EPA to conduct 20



### this dialogue in an open fashion perhaps by 21



### holding public hearing listening sessions as you 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### have done in the past. The work that EPA has 1



### begun to reduce global warming emissions is of 2



### crucial importance to the health and well

- being 3



### of Am ericans and, indeed, for citizens around the 4



### world. 5



### We request that you move quickly to 6



### finalize these common standards for new power 7



### plants, and we also urge you to issue strong 8



### common standards for existing power plants 9



### without delay. 10



### Ultimately, other forms of strong action 11



### will be required to get deep emission reductions, 12



### but these standards are very necessary and 13



### important first steps. We will also be 14



### submitting detailed written comments, but on 15



### behalf of UCS and all our members and supporters, 16



### we t hank you deeply for the good work you are 17



### doing. 18



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thanks. You had 19



### mentioned an 800 standard for natural gas. Will 20



### your comments talk about how that would work? 21



### MS. CLEETUS: Yes. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MR. CULLIGAN: And then, second, you had 1



### also mentioned I think for a preference for not 2



### having a 30

- year averaging, but you also 3



### mentioned that if we did have it, we should make 4



### it more stringent? 5



### MS. CLEETUS: Yes. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Would you also provide 7



### details on what you think on that? 8



### MS. CLEETUS: Yes. T hank you. 9



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 10



### The next two commenters are David 11



### Doniger and Richard Kennedy. 12



### We will start with David. 13



### MR. DONIGER: Thank you very much. I am 14



### David Doniger, D

- A

- V

- I

- D D

- O

- N

- I

- G

- E

- R. I am 15



### policy director and senior attorney wit h the 16



### Natural Resources Defense Council. It is a real 17



### pleasure to be here, thank you for what you are 18



### doing and for holding this hearing. 19



### NRDC supports EPA's first national 20



### limits on carbon dioxide emissions from new 21



### fossil fuel

- fired electric plants. A lready more 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### than a million citizens across the country, a 1



### record number in EPA's history, have raised their 2



### voices in support of these standards. 3



### I have been doing this for years. I 4



### have working, supported action to curb carbon 5



### pollution under the Clean Air Act. It is my day 6



### job to be here, but I am truly grateful that 7



### hundreds of citizens are taking time out of their 8



### normal days to be here and express their support. 9



### My colleague, Kim Knowlton, will testify 10



### later today on what scientists have shown, the 11



### staggering costs, health costs, of carbon 12



### pollution, more asthma attacks and 13



### life

- threatening illnesses from worsened air 14



### pollution, and the contribution to climate change 15



### includes the contribution to extreme weather with 16



### devastating storms, floods, and o ther events that 17



### severely threaten life, limb, and property. 18



### The Supreme Court has found in not one, 19



### but two landmark cases that it is EPA's job under 20



### the Clean Air Act to curb dangerous carbon 21



### pollution. The new source performance standard 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### that EPA has proposed for new power plants under 1



### Section 111(b) is a critical step forward. 2



### Power plants have long topped the list 3



### of categories of industrial stationary sources 4



### that contribute significantly to air pollution 5



### that endangers public health and welfare. 6



### The EPA made the endangerment finding 7



### for carbon pollution in 2009, because of a 8



### mountain of scientific evidence demonstrating 9



### that it is already harming, and will continue to 10



### harm, the health and well

- being of our families, 11



### children, and communities. 12



### Fos sil fueled power plants are 13



### responsible for more than 2.3 billion metric tons 14



### of carbon dioxide each year, approximately, 40 15



### percent of the U.S. total, and they are the 16



### largest source. By any standard, they contribute 17



### significantly to dangerous greenhouse gas air 18



### pollution. 19



### NRDC supports EPA's determination to 20



### establish a single category including both 21



### natural gas and coal

- fired new units. These 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### units perform the same function of base load and 1



### intermediate load power generation, and 2



### prospective builders have the flexibility to 3



### choose among these technologies when building new 4



### plants to serve this function. 5



### EPA has asked for comment on the 6



### treatment of simple

- cycle gas turbines, which we 7



### will take up in written comments. 8



### NRDC supports setting a single em ission 9



### rate standard applicable to all new plants in the 10



### category. EPA has asked for comment about the 11



### 1,000 pound proposed level and levels above and 12



### below that. 13



### NRDC supports setting the new source 14



### standard below 1,000 pounds per megawatt hour, 15



### because modern new natural gas combined cycle 16



### plants can meet a tighter standard at no 17



### additional cost, and new coal

- fired power plants 18



### equipped with carbon capture and storage can also 19



### meet a tighter level especially with the 30

- year 20



### averaging provisions that EP A has proposed. 21



### You will hear many claims that EPA's 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### proposed standard is a de facto ban on 1



### constructing new conventional coal plants and 2



### that the standard will cause lost jobs and higher 3



### utility bills. These are phony arguments. The 4



### proposed new source standard actually will impose 5



### no additional costs on the industry or on rate 6



### payers, and have no adverse impact on jobs. 7



### The reason is that market realities have 8



### already driven decisions on new power plants away 9



### from coal. As Brookings senior economist Peter 10



### Wilcox explained in April, "To put it simply, the 11



### life cycle costs of coal

- fired power are 12



### considerably higher than gas

- fired power," and he 13



### continued, "because it only rules out an 14



### expensive option that wouldn't have been used 15



### anyway, the EPA rule w ill have no significant 16



### effect on electricity prices." 17



### Government utility and financial world 18



### analysts all agree in forecasting that the nation 19



### will meet its electricity needs over the next two 20



### decades without constructing new coal

- fired 21



### plants. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Power co mpanies simply aren't planning 1



### to build them due to the availability of low cost 2



### natural gas, strong growth and wind and solar 3



### power, and big opportunities to improve energy 4



### efficiency. 5



### EPA's sensitivity analysis in the 6



### regulatory impact analysis show tha t power 7



### companies will not choose to construct new 8



### conventional coat plants before 2030 even if 9



### natural gas becomes four to five times more 10



### costly and power demand increases. 11



### MR. CULLIGAN: If I could ask you to try 12



### to wrap up. 13



### MR. DONIGER: Okay. So, I am going to 14



### be your first one to violate the five

- minute 15



### rule. I will wrap up very quickly. 16



### So, going forward, EPA also has the 17



### obligation under Section 111(d) to start cutting 18



### the 2.3 billion tons of dangerous carbon 19



### pollution from the existing fleet. 20



### You will hear false claims that doing 21



### what you are proposed to do now will wipe out the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### existing coal plants by requiring them to meet 1



### the same standard as the new plants, but that is 2



### not what the Act requires, the criteria are 3



### different, and nonetheless, there are significant 4



### cost effective steps to curb this pollution from 5



### existing power plants, and EPA must begin that 6



### process without delay. 7



### Thank you. 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 9



### MR. KENNEDY: My name is Richard 10



### Kennedy, a Sierra Club member. I am a ch emical 11



### engineer who switched to economics, got a Ph.D., 12



### spent 31 years as a CIA European analyst, was 13



### awarded the agency's career intelligence medal, 14



### and just as evidence, I have a photo of my family 15



### at CIA Headquarters on the day of the ceremony. 16



### My work sometimes involved energy or 17



### environmental issues. I had a small role in 18



### CIA's analysis of the 1973 oil price hike from 19



### $3.00 to $12.00 a barrel. 20



### In 1992, I wrote a paper on how 21



### environmental policy is made in the EU, and that 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### paper led me to read "The Economics of Global 1



### Warming" by William Cline, who is a very 2



### respected economist. 3



### He approached the subject like a good 4



### CIA analyst, gathered as much information as 5



### possible, and his conclusion was that the case 6



### for CO 2 

### induced global warming was not abso lutely 7



### proven, but it was very strong and the 8



### consequences were very severe, and in that 9



### situation, the rational response is to begin 10



### action to start mitigating the problem. 11



### As a side note, just last year he 12



### published a book called, "Carbon Abatement Cost s 13



### and Climate Change Finance," which I suspect is 14



### equally good, and I know he concludes that the 15



### economic costs are not prohibitive. 16



### That first book was 20 years ago. The 17



### data since then strongly confirmed his 18



### conclusions. I recently did a chart showing 19



### polar sea ice coverage in northern latitudes 20



### temperature from 1880 to 2011. It shows the 21



### temperature rising and the ice shrinking since 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### about 1970. That is this chart, and to me it is 1



### very striking evidence. 2



### I also looked at the plant hardiness 3



### zones t hat the Department of Agriculture 4



### calculates, and those show that since 1990, 5



### approximately half of the country has shifted 6



### into a warmer zone, and that is this chart, but 7



### there is other evidence, of course, which is 8



### shrinking glaciers and the fact that in sects are 9



### now causing problems in regions that used to be 10



### too cold for them, which my entomologist daughter 11



### tells me about. 12



### CO 2 

### causes other problems. I heard a 13



### Smithsonian biologist speak on how the world's 14



### coral reefs are threatened with extinction 15



### bec ause CO 2 

### is making the oceans more acidic. 16



### So, given the problem of what is the 17



### economist's solution, first, we ask why is the 18



### free market not working here when it works so 19



### marvelously in most situations. The answer is 20



### that in most transactions, only the buyer and 21



### seller are affected and people usually are good 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### at protecting their own interests. 1



### Some transactions, however, have what 2



### economists call externalities, which simply means 3



### that other people are affected. In the case of 4



### fossil fuels, the buyer p ays all the costs of 5



### producing them, but not the cost, the resulting 6



### CO 2 

### emissions impose on society. 7



### So, the basic answer to any economist is 8



### the carbon tax, imposed gradually over many 9



### years, according to a pre

- announced schedule, so 10



### that businesses and consumers have time to 11



### adjust, unlike that 1973 oil price increase, 12



### which was the 300 percent increase imposed in a 13



### couple of months, and other taxes can be lowered, 14



### so there is no net tax increase. 15



### EPA, of course, can't impose taxes, so 16



### the regulation y ou are proposing is what 17



### economists would call a second best solution, but 18



### second best is far better than nothing. 19



### The U.S., of course, can't get too far 20



### out of step with our trading partners, because it 21



### would hurt competitiveness, but the U.S. has been 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### t he largest contributor to the increase in 1



### atmospheric CO 2 

### , and so it is common sense for us 2



### to play a leading role in addressing the problem. 3



### I should also mention that former CIA 4



### Director Jim Woolsey is a strong advocate of 5



### action to address global warmi ng, particularly 6



### the development of biofuels and plug

- in hybrid 7



### cars. 8



### Also, CIA serves the rest of the 9



### government, so perhaps EPA could request an 10



### assessment, not of U.S. policy, which would not 11



### be permitted according to the agency's charter, 12



### but whether there is a global problem and what 13



### other nations are doing to address it. 14



### One other observation. I am struck by 15



### the overwhelming consensus among scientists on 16



### global warming, not only the climate scientists 17



### themselves, but also those in other disciplines

, 18



### such as the biologist E.O. Wilson or the 19



### physicist Stephen Hocking. 20



### Finally, let me conclude by saying that 21



### in 31 years as a CIA analyst, I seldom 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### encountered an issue as clear

- cut as climate 1



### change. I hope you can begin the process of 2



### addressing it be fore it's too late. 3



### Time may be short because of the 4



### negative feedback effects that could increase 5



### emissions of methane, which is an even worse 6



### greenhouse gas, and that could cause warming to 7



### spiral out of control with possibly catastrophic 8



### consequences o r what we would call a worst case 9



### in most CIA analyses. 10



### Thank you for the opportunity to speak. 11



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 12



### Our next two speakers are Catherine 13



### Thomasson and Charles Ellis. 14



### Catherine, you can start when you are 15



### ready. 16



### DR. THOMASSON: Tha nk you. My name is 17



### Catherine Thomasson

, T

- H

- O

- M

- A

- S

- S

- O

- N, 18



### Catherine

, C

- A

- T

- H

- E

- R

- I

- N

- E. 19



### I am a physician, I am also a mother, 20



### and I am the executive director of Physicians for 21



### Social Responsibility. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I would like to submit this oral and 1



### written testimon y by first applauding the 2



### Environmental Protection Agency and the 3



### Administration for proposing this first Federal 4



### rule to address the largest public health threat 5



### of this century, global warming. 6



### It is extremely hard to tell your 7



### patient or to tell your c hild who has asthma or 8



### lung disease that they shouldn't go out and play, 9



### that it is harmful to their health when the ozone 10



### level is high. 11



### Children in Los Angeles who played three 12



### or more sports in one year in areas of high 13



### ozone, compared to children who lived in low 14



### ozone areas, have actual decrease in lung volume 15



### or lung capacity. 16



### This will only worsen with climate 17



### change as ozone or smog, ground level smog will 18



### increase with increasing temperatures. 19



### Currently, up to half of the Americans 20



### live at some time during the year in areas of 21



### high ozone. I also want to mention that extreme 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### weather events are already markedly affecting 1



### Americans. From Hurricane Katrina to the recent 2



### Mississippi floods, we now have had over a 3



### million weather refugees. 4



### Economic disruption is a strong social 5



### determinant of health, loss of jobs, loss of 6



### health insurance, loss of home, and loss of 7



### public health infrastructure has incredible 8



### impacts on health. 9



### I also want to mention infectious 10



### diseases as I am sure you are familiar. My son 11



### went to Central America on an away rotation for 12



### college and called me on the phone telling me 13



### that he had dengue fever. Dengue fever is a 14



### virus that is contracted from mosquitoes, and is 15



### also called bone break fever, because it causes 16



### such pain i n the bones. 17



### Currently, in the Tropics, about 3 18



### billion people can be affected by dengue fever. 19



### If you get another strain of dengue fever, you 20



### can die from the hemorrhagic autoimmune 21



### consequences. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### It is estimated that with climate change 1



### and the increas ing range of the mosquito vector, 2



### that up to 6 billion people will be affected. We 3



### now know it is endemic in Southern Texas and in 4



### the Keys, where it was not previously present. 5



### Increases in exposure statistics are 6



### available for malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme 7



### disease, and the most common worldwide parasite, 8



### schistosomiasis. These are but a few of the 9



### examples that I am sure you are very familiar 10



### with, having promulgated the rule to control 11



### greenhouse gas, which is the cause of climate 12



### change. 13



### We, as Phy sicians for Social 14



### Responsibility, also want to advocate for a 15



### higher standard than 1,000 pounds per megawatt 16



### hour, as the technology can bear that standard, 17



### and we need to control greenhouse gases as much 18



### as we can with this first initial rule. 19



### So, again , PSR wholeheartedly endorses 20



### this first Federal step in regulation of carbon, 21



### appropriately targeting new electricity 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### generation, generating units for your first rule 1



### with no minimal impact on the economy. 2



### Thank you very much. 3



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 4



### MR. ELLIS: Good morning, gentlemen. My 5



### name is Charles Ellis, Charles the way you would 6



### expect, and Ellis, E

- L

- L

- I

- S. 7



### I am a happy and proud resident of the 8



### District of Columbia, but I am also proud to tell 9



### you that I am a friend of Larry Roussell, who 10



### spoke a few minutes ago, and I have been a fan of 11



### EPA for 40 years, and of this country for all of 12



### my 66, and I have family in this city, and I have 13



### a little car in this city that does very nicely 14



### on the gas mileage, but every time I go out with 15



### the glass cleaner and the paper towel, if it has 16



### been a couple of weeks, I get black stuff on the 17



### paper towel from cleaning up the windows on the 18



### outside of the car. 19



### I don't have very much to say to you 20



### this morning except that I encourage you to go 21



### ahead with thi s standard for new power plants, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### this carbon pollution standard for new power 1



### plants. It will encourage the development of 2



### alternative energy, and it will bring to an end 3



### the dependence on fossil fuel a little bit longer 4



### than it would otherwise. 5



### I would discourage everybody from 6



### getting all happy about natural gas and how cheap 7



### it is and how clean it is, because the places 8



### where it is getting explored, in Pennsylvania and 9



### New York, and other places around the country, 10



### they are already finding very serious problems 11



### with water quality, air quality, and public 12



### health. 13



### All of these fossil fuels where they are 14



### obtained produce awful results, that the people 15



### within a mile or two know all too well, and 16



### everybody else, we don't think we have to worry 17



### about it, be cause it is someplace else. 18



### So, ultimately, we have to move fossil 19



### fuels out of the picture, but I think that the 20



### proposed carbon pollution standard is an 21



### eminently reasonable step, which other people 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### have told you would be easily afforded and could 1



### bring us forward, and we need to do that instead 2



### of going backward or sitting still. 3



### Thanks very much. 4



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you very 5



### much. 6



### Our next two speakers are Kim Knowlton 7



### and Daryl Downing. 8



### MS. KNOWLTON: Hello. Good morning. 9



### Thank you for this opportunity to testify on the 10



### health threats of climate change and the 11



### milestone the proposed standard offers to limit 12



### the worst of those effects. I a m Kim Knowlton. 13



### That is K

- I

- M, K

- N

- O

- W

- L

- T

- O

- N. 14



### I am a senior scientist in the Health 15



### and Environm ent Program at the Natural Resources 16



### Defense Council, or NRDC. I am also Assistant 17



### Clinical Professor at Columbia University's 18



### Mailman School of Public Health. I am Chair of 19



### the Topic Committee on Climate Change and Health 20



### of the American Public Health As sociation and a 21



### co

- convening lead author of the Human Health 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Chapter of the 2013 National Climate Assessment. 1



### As so many people have told you today, 2



### as you will hear and as you know, climate change 3



### is an absolutely urgent public health concern. 4



### Americans had a very personal experience of one 5



### aspect of climate change last year, and that is 6



### extreme weather. 7



### 2011 gave us 3,251 monthly broken 8



### weather records, so many extreme events that NRDC 9



### put together an on

- line mapping tool to track 10



### them and the destruct ion that they caused across 11



### the U.S. 12



### 2012, this year, is off to another 13



### record smashing start. March was the hottest 14



### March since recordkeeping began back in 1895. 15



### April marked the end of the warmest 12 months' 16



### stretch ever in the U.S., and summer isn't even 17



### here yet. 18



### Now, what is sobering about this is that 19



### many of these extreme weather events are 20



### influenced by climate change, which is loading 21



### the weather dice and contributing to some of the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### most health

- harming of those conditions we face, 1



### and those con ditions in extreme weather that have 2



### big health consequences. 3



### For example, rising temperatures worsen 4



### ozone smog pollution, which is terrible news for 5



### people with asthma. There are nearly 26 million 6



### Americans with asthma and prevalence is 7



### increasing espe cially among children, women, and 8



### economically disadvantaged families. 9



### If you know someone with asthma, and who 10



### doesn't, you know someone whose health is being 11



### challenged by climate change and thus carbon 12



### pollution. 13



### Lung doctors expect asthma cases to ri se 14



### further as the air pollution worsens from the 15



### effects of carbon pollution, and ozone related 16



### emergency room visits for asthma among children 17



### in New York City where I live could increase over 18



### 7 percent by 2020, so it is right around the 19



### corner from the e ffects of climate change, or 20



### take extreme heat. That sends tens of thousands 21



### of people to emergency rooms across the United 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### States for heart, lung, kidney, and other 1



### ailments. 2



### My family has migraines and kidney 3



### stones. Both of those conditions are worse ned by 4



### extreme heat, and heat can, unfortunately, also 5



### be lethal. It has been estimated that, when 6



### totaled, over 150,000 Americans could perish by 7



### the end of this century due to the additional 8



### heat and premature heat

- related mortality 9



### associated with clim ate change, or take flooding 10



### and extreme rain. 11



### The towns and farms of Upstate New York 12



### where I grew up were devastated last year by 13



### record rainfall and flooding, homes, businesses, 14



### crops, main streets were washed away. Besides 15



### human pain and suffering, f looding costs 16



### billions. 17



### Extreme weather in 2011 took over 1,000 18



### lives in the U.S., with economic damages 19



### estimated at well over $52 billion, and that 20



### doesn't include health

- related costs. 21



### NRDC, the University of California 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### economists, recently found out that just six 1



### climate change related events in the last decade 2



### could add tens of billions of dollars in 3



### health

- related costs. This is all just a partial 4



### snapshot of the serious toll that climate change 5



### can take on our health and our economy. There is 6



### a r eally strong consensus among health scientists 7



### that action is needed. 8



### Over 141 public health groups and 9



### professionals have urged President Obama and 10



### members of Congress to address the roots of these 11



### health problems and reduce carbon pollution. 12



### Public hea lth is built on a foundation 13



### of prevention with the goal of avoiding disease 14



### before it happens, so the parallel here is clear. 15



### Supporting EPA's new source performance standard 16



### places national limits on industrial carbon 17



### pollution to prevent more potential ly disastrous 18



### health effects of climate change before they 19



### happen. 20



### The time for us all to protect our 21



### children's and grandchildren's health and future 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### is now. The standard that EPA is proposing will 1



### protect their health in the climate that has 2



### allowed us to build a way of life that we enjoy 3



### today and pave the way for our children and our 4



### grandchildren to enjoy healthier and more secure 5



### communities. 6



### I thank you for the opportunity to talk 7



### and offer testimony on this matter of vital 8



### importance to the publi c health of the nation. 9



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 10



### MR. DOWNING: My name Daryl Downing, 11



### D

- A

- R

- Y

- L
, D

- O

- W

- N

- I

- N

- G. I am the father of two 12



### children, one of whom has asthma. Other than 13



### ensuring he has an inhaler in the health clinic 14



### at school, and more at home, and an inhaler pack 15



### when he goes on outings with the Boy Scouts, I 16



### can't help my son with his asthma. 17



### I need the Federal Government to reduce 18



### toxic pollutants emanating from coal

- fired power 19



### plants. I need the EPA to regulate the amount of 20



### particul ate matter, mercury, and other harmful 21



### substances that enter the air. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I can't protect my family from the 1



### noxious substances that come out of coal

- fired 2



### power plant smoke stacks, but the EPA can and 3



### must. 4



### I served in the Air Force for 24 years. 5



### I was wil ling to give my life in the defense of 6



### the Constitution. I did not serve so 7



### irresponsible companies could poison the air we 8



### breathe, the water we drink, and the land we need 9



### to grow our food. 10



### Regrettably, the U.S. has a deplorable 11



### record. It allows elec tricity companies to put 12



### very harmful substances into the environment. We 13



### can and must do better. The carbon pollution 14



### standard is a step in the right direction for my 15



### family and every other family in the country. 16



### Thank you. 17



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 18



### Our next two speakers are Laura Anderko 19



### and Vasiliy Kisunko. 20



### DR. ANDERKO: Good morning. My name is 21



### La ura Anderko. That is L

- A

- U

- R

- A, A

- N

- D

- E

- R

- K

- O. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I hold the Robert and Kathleen Scanlon Endowed 1



### Chair in Values Based Health Care at Georgetown 2



### Universi ty. I am here on behalf of the Natural 3



### Resource Defense Council and Health Care Without 4



### Harm. I am a member of the American Public 5



### Health Association and the Alliance of Nurses for 6



### a Health Environment. 7



### I was one of almost 400 health 8



### professionals who s igned a letter sent by the 9



### Union of Concerned Scientists in support of the 10



### EPA's carbon pollution standard. I have been a 11



### nurse and a public health professional for over 12



### 30 years, served as a member of the EPA's 13



### Children's Health Protection Advisory Commi ttee, 14



### and have conducted research, published, and 15



### taught in the field of climate change and health. 16



### The proposed regulations and the Clean 17



### Air Act represent a common sense approach to 18



### reducing pollution, improving our nation's 19



### health, and reducing related health costs. In 20



### addition to improving air quality, the proposed 21



### regulations will reduce greenhouse gases that are 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### associated with climate change. 1



### These greenhouse gases can have an 2



### immediate and detrimental impact on human health. 3



### The United States is in the middle of an 4



### epidemic of chronic disease that incurs $1.3 5



### billion in health care costs each year. 6



### Many chronic illnesses, including 7



### asthma, heart and lung disease, cancer, and 8



### vector

- borne disease, such as Lyme disease, 9



### dengue fever, malaria have environmental 10



### associations and are increasing each year. 11



### These illnesses take a toll on the 12



### productivity of workers, on the education of 13



### children when they miss school due to illness, 14



### and on our health care system. There is no doubt 15



### that greenhouse gases contribute heavily to these 16



### diseases, and the related costs are 17



### unsustainable. 18



### The effects of uncontrolled greenhouse 19



### gases are borne not just by individuals, but by 20



### our society. As the effects of climate change 21



### progress, communities will rely more heavi ly on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### both the public health and health care systems to 1



### deal with increased illness, heat stroke and 2



### heart attack patients during heat waves, asthma 3



### attack rates that increase during high air 4



### quality index days, increased insect

- borne 5



### disease as their geog raphical ranges expand, and 6



### trauma associated with hurricanes, tornadoes, and 7



### other extreme weather events that are already 8



### happening in record numbers and increased 9



### intensity. 10



### It will cost millions to prepare our 11



### nation's public health and health care sy stems to 12



### meet these challenges, including the emotional 13



### and mental health costs of climate change. 14



### However, few communities are prepared to 15



### adapt these climate events and associated health 16



### needs. I currently am working with experts at 17



### Georgetown Climate Center to create tools for 18



### cities and States to adapt to these changes and 19



### address health effects from climate events, such 20



### as heat waves. We can do much better than that. 21



### Allowing industries to pollute our 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### atmosphere unchecked is placing an economic 1



### bur den on the taxpayer, patients, and the health 2



### care sector. The question is not whether 3



### industries can afford to implement greenhouse gas 4



### limitations. The question is whether the nation 5



### can afford for then not to do so. 6



### We owe it to our future generation s to 7



### enact these regulations, clean our air, and 8



### improve our nation's health. I strongly support 9



### and really applaud EPA's efforts in proposing the 10



### carbon pollution standards. 11



### Thank you. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 13



### MR. KISUNKO: Hi. My name is Vasiliy 14



### Ki sunko, V

- A

- S

- I

- L

- I

- Y, last name K

- I

- S

- U

- N

- K

- O. 15



### Thank you for the opportunity to 16



### testify. I just want to encourage EPA to limit 17



### the worst effects of fossil

- fueled power plants. 18



### We cannot continue to pollute our air and our 19



### water by burning fossil fuels l ike coal. 20



### We have an opportunity now to find new, 21



### innovative ways to power our lives with renewal 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### energy. 1



### It is our responsibility to provide a 2



### healthy environment, not only for ourselves, but 3



### for our children. This carbon pollution standard 4



### for new powe r plants would not only protect our 5



### health, but also take the right steps towards 6



### curbing global warming and the pollution that 7



### causes it. 8



### We need the EPA to do the right thing 9



### and protect our health and our environment. 10



### Thank you very much. 11



### MR. CULLIGA N: Thank you. 12



### Our next two speakers, I have written 13



### here Richard Kennedy, who I think already 14



### testified, unless there are two Richard Kennedys. 15



### Andon Zabel. A

- N

- D

- O

- N Z

- A

- B

- E

- L. 16



### [No response.] 17



### MR. CULLIGAN: We will move on to the 18



### next two. 19



### We have got Roger Rivera and Monica 20



### Cevallos. 21



### MS. CEVALLOS: Hi. My name is Monica 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Cevallos. Last name C

- E

- V

- A

- L

- L

- O

- S. I am here 1



### on behalf of Voces Verdes and several Latino 2



### organizations committed to efforts that support 3



### our community's health, economic adva ncement, 4



### safety, and well

- being, and the concerned 5



### communities whom we represent. 6



### We are here to express our strong 7



### support for the Environmental Protection Agency's 8



### proposed carbon pollution standards that will 9



### limit industrial carbon pollution from new power 10



### plants. 11



### We also urge the EPA to move forward 12



### with carbon pollution standards for existing 13



### plants. For Latino families, limiting industrial 14



### carbon pollution from new power plants, as this 15



### rule proposes, is a historic step towards 16



### protecting our chil dren and communities from the 17



### impacts of climate change and the associated 18



### health risks. 19



### Power plants are the biggest carbon 20



### polluters. There are currently no national limits 21



### on power plants carbon pollution that fuels 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### climate change, which threaten their health, and 1



### drives our increasingly extreme weather causing 2



### more severe heat waves and contributing to more 3



### devastating floods, rising sea levels, poor air 4



### quality, and many other health threats. 5



### Carbon

- induced climate change also 6



### causes more heat

- relate d illness, cardiovascular, 7



### and respiratory disease, results in more frequent 8



### outbreaks of water

- borne diseases and 9



### vector

- borne diseases, all of which affect 10



### Latinos in the U.S. and abroad in great numbers. 11



### Increased temperatures as a result of 12



### climate ch ange also makes smog worse and 13



### threatens the health of those that can least 14



### afford it, because nearly half or 48.8 percent of 15



### all Hispanics in the United States live in smog 16



### and non

- attainment areas, and since many Latinos 17



### work outside in construction and agricultural 18



### trades, millions in our communities are often at 19



### even greater risk at damaging health impacts of 20



### smog. 21



### Groups representing millions of Latinos 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### have already called for limits to pollutants that 1



### cause climate change and pollute our air, 2



### recogni zing the heightened impacts to many in the 3



### Latino community from these environmental harms. 4



### We are here again joining here to 5



### demonstrate the strong support that exists among 6



### Latinos for strong environmental protection and 7



### the proposed limits to carbon po llution from new 8



### power plants, as well as the need to move forward 9



### on carbon pollution limits and existing power 10



### plants. 11



### It is time for the EPA to set pollution 12



### limits that are truly protective of the public 13



### health of our communities and the future. 14



### Than k you. 15



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 16



### MR. RIVERA: Good morning. I am Roger 17



### Rivera, president and founder of the National 18



### Hispanic Environmental Council, the only National 19



### Latino environmental and natural resource 20



### organization in the country. 21



### Thank you for the opportunity today to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### present NHEC's views on this critical 1



### environmental health and safety issue that 2



### impacts all Americans, but in particular the over 3



### 50 million Americans who are Latino. 4



### I am here today to express our strong 5



### support for the Environm ental Protection Agency's 6



### proposed standard to reduce industrial carbon 7



### pollution from new power plants. In addition, we 8



### also urge EPA to move forward with carbon 9



### pollution standards for existing plants, actions 10



### we know are under consideration. 11



### The power sector is the largest source 12



### of carbon pollution in the United States, as we 13



### all know, and one of the largest sources in the 14



### world. This sector generates nearly 40 percent 15



### of all greenhouse gases in the United States. 16



### Today, insufficiently regulated 17



### ind ustrial carbon pollution from power plants is 18



### having a significant impact on our nation's 19



### health, as you have heard from many speakers this 20



### morning and today. 21



### 154 million Americans already suffer air 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### pollution levels that are too dangerous. Many 1



### studies have amply demonstrated who is most at 2



### risk, people with lung diseases, such as asthma, 3



### chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, children, the 4



### elderly, and people who work outdoors. 5



### Regarding those working outdoors, 6



### millions of Latinos, as has been said, are 7



### em ployed in agriculture, construction, building 8



### trades, and many other occupations, and they work 9



### outside daily. 10



### Since several of these at risk groups 11



### are disproportionately Latino, and as such are 12



### vulnerable to the effects of air pollution and 13



### greenhouse g as emissions, I would like to focus 14



### on the particular impacts to my community. 15



### First, as is well known, the 2010 census 16



### revealed that there are over 50 million Latinos 17



### in the United States. Our community is now 16 18



### percent of the U.S. population, and we a ccounted 19



### for more than half the growth of the country's 20



### total population over the last 10 years. 21



### There are a number of key socioeconomic 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### factors for our community that we urge 1



### policymakers to keep at the forefront as you 2



### deliberate on these proposed carbo n standards. 3



### First, in 2009, the median age for 4



### Latinos was 27.4 years compared to almost 37 5



### years for the total population. Further, more 6



### than one

- third of Latinos were younger than 18 7



### compared to approximately one

- fourth of the total 8



### population. Indee d, today, Hispanics are now the 9



### youngest population in the U.S. 10



### Second, according to the 2010 census, 11



### 25.3 percent of Hispanic Americans live in 12



### poverty, a total of 12.4 million people. Only 13



### African Americans exceeded that percentage with 14



### 25.8 percent. 15



### Third, as you have heard, Latinos have a 16



### significantly increased risk of developing acute 17



### and chronic illnesses like asthma and other 18



### pulmonary and respiratory diseases from exposure 19



### to air pollution. 20



### The reason, as you have heard, is that a 21



### disproportion ate number of Latinos live in areas 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### that fail to meet one or more Federal standards 1



### for clean air. 2



### In 2010, the American Lung Association 3



### examined the 25 most polluted U.S. cities as 4



### measured by unhealthy levels or particulates, 5



### ozone, and other air pollu tion. 6



### In analyzing that data, the Center for 7



### American Progress found that fully 66 percent of 8



### U.S. Latinos, nearly 26 million people live in 9



### areas that do not meet the Federal Government's 10



### safe air quality standards. 11



### Moreover, it found that 7 out of the 25 12



### worst polluted U.S. cities have Latino 13



### populations of over 40 percent. In fact, the 14



### average Latino population in the 10 worst 15



### polluted U.S. cities is 33 percent. 16



### Fourth, it is a documented reality that 17



### low income and poor Latinos have far less access 18



### to quality health care, health insurance, and 19



### inadequate housing. These conditions make our 20



### community especially vulnerable to climate change 21



### related illnesses, a reality that would only 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### worsen should air pollution and greenhouse gases 1



### increase as is proje cted. 2



### One particular scourge for the Latino 3



### community is asthma. Today, Latinos have some of 4



### the highest rates of asthma in the country. 5



### According to a 2005 study by the CDC, 13 percent 6



### of all Latino children suffered from asthma. 7



### In 2009, the Federal Office of Minority 8



### Health reported that 1.7 million Latinos have 9



### asthma. Indeed, Hispanic children are 60 percent 10



### more likely to have asthma compared to 11



### non

- Hispanic whites. 12



### For Puerto Rican children living on the 13



### Island, the asthma rate was an astoundin g 30 14



### percent. There, the death rate from asthma is 15



### 2.5 times the rate of the mainland according to 16



### the CDC. 17



### Finally, Latinos are among the most 18



### uninsured and under

- insured population in the 19



### U.S. when it comes to health insurance. 20



### Estimates were in 2010 that 39 percent of all 21



### Latinos lack health insurance with 25 percent of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Latino children being uninsured. 1



### Further, the uninsured are three times 2



### more likely than those with insurance to report 3



### problems getting needed medical care and are less 4



### likely to re ceive preventative care. 5



### For all these reasons, the proposed EPA 6



### carbon pollution standard is absolutely vital to 7



### the public health, wellness, and safety of the 8



### Latino community. 9



### NHEC urges EPA to move at the fastest 10



### possible speed to implement this much needed 11



### standard. 12



### On behalf of the National Hispanic 13



### Environmental Council, thank you. 14



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. 15



### Our next two speakers are Walter Ebmeyer 16



### and Barbara Weinstein. 17



### MR. EBMEYER: My name is Walter Ebmeyer. 18



### My last name is E

- B

- M

- E

- Y

- E

- R. I am a member of 19



### the Sierra Club, and I am the Pennsylvania 20



### coordinator of Progressive Democrats of America. 21



### This is an article from yesterday's New 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### York Times about Richard Leakey, famed 1



### anthropologist and son of famed anthropologist. 2



### He was aske d to speak at a fundraiser on Chelsea 3



### Piers, a dining room over the Hudson River in 4



### Manhattan, and he said, "I was wondering how many 5



### dinners you will be able to have at Pier 60 6



### before it went under water." 7



### Dr. Leakey and virtually all the tenured 8



### science professors in the world know about global 9



### warming and know what causes it

- greenhouse 10



### gases, among which the greatest are water vapor 11



### and carbon dioxide. 12



### Yet, during the news yesterday morning, 13



### we were subjected to a visually elaborate ad for 14



### Americaspo wer.org, a clan of fossil fuel 15



### producers and burners who are devoted to 16



### convincing the American people there is such a 17



### thing as clean coal, and their continuing to burn 18



### coal, oil, and gas will somehow be good for us. 19



### Virtually, every night during the 20



### netw ork news we see another ad featuring an 21



### attractive young woman sharing her joy that 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### energy need not be a problem, that we only have 1



### to dig up more fossil fuels and burn them, and 2



### all our problems will be solved. She even uses 3



### the phrase, "No question." 4



### I am 77 years old and I have six 5



### grandchildren, 7 years, 7 years, 4 years, 4 6



### years, 17 months, and 3 months old. I would bet 7



### that they could correctly answer this question: 8



### Should we believe the people who excavate and 9



### burn fossil fuels for vast profits, or should we 10



### believe a tenured science professor at Stonybrook 11



### University? I am quite sure a majority of them 12



### would get it right. 13



### When we talk about carbon dioxide, I 14



### worry about my grandchildren's future, about 15



### breathing problems, glacier melt, sea leve l rise, 16



### and ocean acidification. I also worry about men 17



### and women in our world who spend gobs of money 18



### spreading lies about clean coal and the no 19



### question benefits of oil and natural gas. Who 20



### are these people? Do they look in the mirror in 21



### the morning? What do they see? 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Thank you very much. 1



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. You can leave 2



### a copy of that article at the desk to be included 3



### in the record. Thank you. 4



### MS. WEINSTEIN: Good morning. My name 5



### is Barbara Weinstein. I am the legislative 6



### director at t he Religious Action Center of Reform 7



### Judaism, the Washington Office of the Union for 8



### Reform Judaism, which advocates on behalf of more 9



### than 900 congregations and a million and a half 10



### Reform Jews across North America. 11



### I am also here on behalf of the 12



### Coalit ion on the Environment and Jewish Life, 13



### composed of 27 national Jewish organizations 14



### spanning the full spectrum of Jewish religious 15



### and communal life. 16



### Thanks for the opportunity to speak 17



### about support for the EPA's proposed carbon 18



### pollution standard for n ew power plants. The 19



### standard marks an historic step toward developing 20



### comprehensive U.S. climate and energy policy, and 21



### we call on the EPA to maintain the strength of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### this proposed safeguard as it moves toward a 1



### final rule. 2



### The looming crisis of climate change is 3



### an immense environmental, political, and economic 4



### challenge, but in the Jewish community, as in the 5



### faith community broadly, climate change is also a 6



### moral and spiritual challenge. 7



### Judaism teaches that we are partners 8



### with God in the world of c reation and that we 9



### must till and tend the earth, and that it is not 10



### ours to abuse for our own profit. 11



### Our ancient sages well before there were 12



### power plants or man

- made carbon pollution told us 13



### that God implored take care lest you spoil and 14



### destroy my wor ld, because if you do, there is no 15



### one after you to make it right again. 16



### If we fail to preserve and protect this 17



### world, our only world, by failing to address 18



### rising levels of climate pollution, we betray our 19



### responsibility to one another and to future 20



### gen erations. 21



### Our faith also instructs and guides us 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### that in the most difficult times, even in times 1



### of economic hardship or political conflict, all 2



### of creation is to be honored and protected. In 3



### Deuteronomy, we read that it is forbidden to cut 4



### down fruit

- be aring trees outside a besieged city. 5



### It's a reminder to honor our national resources 6



### even when it may seem most imperative or 7



### expeditious to exploit them is a lesson that 8



### inspires us in the secular sphere as well. 9



### The standards proposed by the EPA 10



### addres s the heart of our nation's carbon problems 11



### by targeting power plants, the country's largest 12



### source of carbon pollution. 13



### Existing power plants emit more than 2 14



### billion tons of carbon and other toxic pollutants 15



### each year, nearly 13,000 pounds for every man

, 16



### woman, and child in the country. 17



### There are serious health and 18



### environmental and economic consequences of those 19



### emissions. Scientists and experts agree carbon 20



### pollution threatens public health and welfare by 21



### contributing to rising rates of respiratory 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### a ilments and heart attacks. 1



### These health issues disproportionately 2



### affect some more than others, particularly 3



### communities of color, low income communities, 4



### children, and older adults. Moreover, carbon 5



### pollution it is agreed to be the main cause of 6



### climate change and is linked to the rising number 7



### of extreme weather events in recent years. 8



### Each year from 2001 to 2011 has been one 9



### of the 12 warmest years on record, and the trend 10



### is projected to continue with April making 11



### history as the third warmest month ev er recorded. 12



### The science is clear and our faith 13



### tradition inspires our understanding of the steps 14



### that must be taken to reduce carbon emissions and 15



### address the impacts of these harmful pollutants. 16



### That is why a recent survey conducted by 17



### the Public Relig ion and Research Institute found 18



### that an overwhelming 69 percent of American Jews 19



### are supportive of tougher laws and regulations to 20



### protect the environment even if it raises prices. 21



### Today, it is our responsibility to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### protect our children from the impact o f climate 1



### change. That includes the 55 percent of American 2



### children who, in 2005, by this agency's own 3



### estimate, lived in counties in which the 8

- hour 4



### ozone standard was exceeded on at least one day 5



### per year. 6



### Today, it is our responsibility to help 7



### preve nt our congregants and others in Missouri, 8



### Texas, and Kansas from ever again knowing the 9



### devastation caused by the extreme weather events 10



### that swept their States this year and last, the 11



### same kinds of extreme weather events like heat 12



### waves that this agency notes on its web site, are 13



### probable to become more likely and progressively 14



### more intense over the course of decades under 15



### current climate change scenarios. 16



### Today, it is our responsibility to cut 17



### our carbon emissions and arrest the ever 18



### worsening phenomeno n of climate change, and we 19



### can do that by adopting the carbon pollution 20



### standard for new power plants that this agency 21



### has proposed. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The need for carbon limits has never 1



### been clearer. We commend the EPA for taking 2



### steps to limit these harmful emissions, and we 3



### call on the EPA to maintain the strength of this 4



### safeguard as it moves toward issuing a final 5



### rule. 6



### Thank you. 7



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 8



### We have Andon Zabel. Also, Cathy Green. 9



### We will start with you, Andon. 10



### MR. ZABEL: Where is that yellow l ight 11



### you guys were talking about? Oh. 12



### Thank you for holding this public 13



### hearing. My name is Andon Zabel, and I live at 14



### 1342 A, South Mount Vernon Avenue, Williamsburg, 15



### Virginia 23185. I will spell that for you in a 16



### minute. 17



### I can sit here and tell you about all 18



### the people that I know who are going to be 19



### personally offended by climate change, but 20



### honestly, I would be here all day. 21



### The truth is every family I know is 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### going to be adversely affected by climate change, 1



### whether it is my grandfather's desert wheat 2



### fields that can no longer produce wheat, or my 3



### friends in Norfolk who are getting flooded out of 4



### their homes. Every family in this great land of 5



### ours is going to be affected. 6



### Now, what I want to talk about today is 7



### the young people I know who are d evoting their 8



### lives to slowing down climate change. We do not, 9



### as the coal industry loves to suggest, do this 10



### for the money. We do it because we know that it 11



### is our future that is on the line here. 12



### The effects we are experiencing right 13



### now, flooding in Norfolk, wildfires out West, 14



### months of drought in D.C. followed by weeks of 15



### pouring rain, fewer and fewer snow days in 16



### Virginia, this is just the beginning. By the 17



### time I think about retiring, Norfolk will be 18



### mostly under water, hurricanes will be expecte d 19



### each August, and every coastal city in the 20



### country will feel the way Norfolk does now, so we 21



### are fighting. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### We fought hard to get Obama elected just 1



### so that this hearing could take place in the 2



### first place. We fought for clean energy and 3



### green job legis lation, and we are fighting coal 4



### plants one by one as they are proposed. 5



### We are doing this because we know three 6



### basic facts to be true. 7



### One. Coal is the largest source of 8



### carbon emissions. Two. Carbon emissions are the 9



### largest cause of climate change . Three. Climate 10



### change is going to adversely affect our future by 11



### making weather hotter, more variable, and more 12



### intense. 13



### I applaud the EPA for taking this 14



### historic first step in limiting carbon pollution 15



### from new power plants, and I urge you not to b ack 16



### down in the face of the inevitable backlash from 17



### the coal industry. 18



### The EPA must implement and enforce this 19



### rule first, and next, they must implement 20



### controls or a timeline for controls on carbon 21



### pollution for existing power plants. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Thank you for you r time. 1



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 2



### Do we have Cathy Green? Is Cathy Green 3



### in the audience? 4



### [No response.] 5



### MR. CULLIGAN: I guess with that, that 6



### concludes the slate of speakers we had for the 7



### morning. I would like to actually, before I 8



### adjourn the hea ring for lunch, repeat something 9



### that one of the earlier speakers said. 10



### We recognize a lot of you took time off 11



### to come here and also traveled a fair distance to 12



### get here, so we all appreciate the effort that 13



### you have taken to come and share your views wi th 14



### us this morning. 15



### We will be adjourning for lunch, and the 16



### panel will be returning at 1 o'clock to hear 17



### speakers this afternoon. 18



### Thank you very much. 19



### [Luncheon recess from 11:52 a.m. to 1:08 20



### p.m.] 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Good afternoon. I think 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### we will get s tarted for the afternoon session. 1



### First, I would like to thank you all for 2



### attending our hearing. My name is Kevin 3



### Culligan. I am an Associate Division Director 4



### with our Sector Strategies and Policy Division, 5



### which is part of our Office of Air Quality 6



### P lanning Standards, which is part of our Office 7



### of Air and Radiation at EPA. 8



### I am joined on the panel by Laura 9



### Strine, who is also with the Office of Air and 10



### Radiation, and by David Evans, who is in our 11



### Office of Policy. 12



### We are here today to listen to you r 13



### comments on our proposed, "Carbon Pollution 14



### Standards for New Power Plants." We published 15



### the proposed standards in the Federal Register on 16



### April 13, 2012. This is a common

- sense step 17



### under the Clean Air Act that would, for the first 18



### time, put national limits on the amount of carbon 19



### pollution that could be emitted from power plants 20



### built in the future. 21



### For future power plants EPA is proposing 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and set an output

- based standard of 1,000 pounds 1



### of CO 2 

### per megawatt hour. The agency's proposal 2



### does not appl y to existing units and it also does 3



### not apply to planned units that have already 4



### received permits if they commence construction 5



### within 12 months of April 13, 2012. 6



### EPA's proposed standard reflects the 7



### ongoing trend in the power sector to build 8



### cleaner pl ants to take advantage of American

- made 9



### technologies. The proposal is flexible and would 10



### help to minimize carbon pollution throughout the 11



### deployment of the same types of modern 12



### technology. EPA's proposal would ensure that 13



### this progress towards a cleaner, safer, more 14



### modern power sector continues. 15



### Today, we will be accepting oral 16



### comments on all aspects of our rule, and we will 17



### prepare a written transcript of all of the oral 18



### comments that we receive today. The transcript 19



### will be available as part of the official record 20



### of the rule. We are also accepting written 21



### comments through June 25, 2012. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### At the registration area outside, there 1



### is directions on how those comments can be 2



### submitted either through the mail, via fax, or 3



### through e

- mail. 4



### We will consider the comments whether 5



### they are received here to whether they are 6



### received in written format as we move forward to 7



### complete the final rule. 8



### I would like to walk through the 9



### procedures that we will use this afternoon, as we 10



### have you all testify. 11



### I will cal l up the scheduled speakers up 12



### in pairs, so two of you will come up at a time. 13



### When it is your turn to speak, please state your 14



### name, your affiliation, and if you would, spell 15



### out your name. It is very helpful to our court 16



### reporter. 17



### In order to be fair to everyone, we are 18



### limiting testimony to five minutes, and we ask 19



### that as two of you come up in pairs, that the 20



### first person remain at the table until the second 21



### person finishes speaking. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The three of us may ask clarifying 1



### questions. If an addition to th e transcript of 2



### your testimony that will be made, you would like 3



### to put the full text of your testimony into the 4



### docket, you are welcome to drop off a copy of 5



### your testimony at the registration desk out 6



### front. 7



### We will be using a timekeeping system to 8



### help make sure we keep everyone at five minutes, 9



### so basically, as soon as you start speaking, the 10



### green light will turn on, and then after four 11



### minutes, the yellow light will turn on to warn 12



### you that you have one minute left, and then the 13



### red light will turn o n after five minutes. 14



### Today's hearing is scheduled from 8:30 15



### this morning until 8:00 p.m. tonight. We will be 16



### taking a second break this evening from 4:30 to 17



### 5:30, and we will commence with the final part of 18



### the hearing from 5:30 to 8:00 promptly at 5:30

. 19



### If you would like to testify and you 20



### have not yet registered, there is still an 21



### opportunity to do so. Just go out to the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### registration table outside, and the folks there 1



### will be able to help you. 2



### We ask for your patience as we proceed 3



### through the list o f speakers, and we may make 4



### some adjustments as time progresses if you 5



### weren't here, or to accommodate people's 6



### schedules. 7



### If you do have any questions throughout 8



### the day, the staff outside at the registration 9



### table will be happy to help you. 10



### With that, why don't we get started, and 11



### I am going to call up our first two speakers for 12



### the afternoon, and they are Lara Levison and 13



### Nathan Willcox. 14



### MR. WILLCOX: Nathan Willcox, the last 15



### name is W

- I

- L

- L

- C

- O

- X, and I am the Federal 16



### Global Warning Director for Envi ronment America. 17



### Good afternoon and thanks for the opportunity to 18



### testify on this critically important issue of 19



### carbon pollution from power plants. 20



### Environment America is a federation of 21



### 29 State

- based environmental organizations 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### working to protect Ameri ca's air, water, and open 1



### spaces, and on behalf of Environment America's 2



### citizen members nationwide, I commend EPA for its 3



### proposed carbon pollution standards for new power 4



### plants and urge the agency to move forward with 5



### finalizing these much needed standa rds this year. 6



### Doing so will help to ensure that we 7



### protect our health, our environment, and our 8



### planet for future generations. The science is 9



### clear that global warming is happening and that 10



### it is being fueled by carbon pollution from human 11



### activities. Already March 2012 was the hottest 12



### March on record for the United States, 2010 tied 13



### for the hottest year, and the decade of 2001 to 14



### 2010 was the hottest 10

- year period on record. 15



### Globally, April 2012 marked the 326th 16



### consecutive month that the global aver age 17



### temperature was above its 20th century normal. 18



### The science is also clear that left unchecked, 19



### global warming will negatively impact our health, 20



### our safety, and our environment in a number of 21



### ways. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Numerous studies by the Environment 1



### America Research and Policy Center and others 2



### have documented the increase in extreme weather 3



### that many areas of the country have already seen 4



### in recent decades and documented the science 5



### showing how global warming will likely bring even 6



### more extreme weather in the future. 7



### Other studies have shown how global 8



### warning will lead to the loss of native plant and 9



### animal species, as well as drought and a 10



### dangerous rise in sea level, but the potential 11



### damage to our health from global warming is key 12



### specifically, with relation to o zone smog 13



### pollution. This is the pollution that hangs over 14



### our cities on many of the hottest summer days, 15



### triggering asthma attacks and a number of other 16



### respiratory problems for even healthy 17



### individuals. 18



### Since heat is a key ingredient in the 19



### formation o f smog, scientists predict that we 20



### will see even more smog in a warming world. In 21



### fact, a recent study by the Union of Concerned 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Scientists predicts that higher levels of ground 1



### level ozone due to rising temperatures could lead 2



### to 2.8 million more asthma attacks and other 3



### respiratory problems leading to 900,000 4



### additional missed days of school. 5



### That is bad news for all of us, but 6



### especially to the millions of children, adults, 7



### and seniors who suffer from asthma and other 8



### respiratory problems, and this is to say nothing 9



### of global warming's impact on our health because 10



### of more frequent and more intense heat waves, and 11



### the spread of tropical diseases. 12



### We have known for years that power 13



### plants are the largest single source of the 14



### carbon pollution fueling the problem, and for 15



### decades these power plants have been allowed to 16



### spew unlimited amounts of carbon pollution into 17



### our air with the exception of power plants in the 18



### areas of the country that have enacted State and 19



### regional caps on carbon pollution. 20



### In order to achieve the reductions in 21



### carbon pollution that scientists say are 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### necessary to avoid the worst consequences of 1



### global warming, we need to reverse this trend and 2



### start holding power plants accountable for their 3



### carbon pollution. 4



### That is why EPA's prop osed carbon 5



### pollution standards for new power plants are so 6



### important. Until we rein in the largest emitters 7



### of carbon pollution, most notably power plants, 8



### we cannot possibly hope to achieve the reductions 9



### in carbon pollution called for by scientists. 10



### E nvironment America, therefore, 11



### wholeheartedly supports EPA's proposed carbon 12



### pollution standards for new power plants, and we 13



### also urge the EPA to move ahead with carbon 14



### pollution standards for existing power plants. 15



### Curbing pollution from potential new 16



### p ower plants is critical, but even more critical 17



### is carbon pollution from plants that are 18



### polluting today. The public support for the 19



### standards is strong and it is growing. 20



### Already, Environment America and our 21



### State affiliates throughout the country have 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### collected more than 180,000 public comments in 1



### support of EPA moving ahead with carbon pollution 2



### standards for new and existing power plants 3



### The broader nationwide network of 4



### environmental and public health groups working on 5



### this issue has gathered over 1 million supportive 6



### public comments. 7



### Thanks again for the opportunity to 8



### testify today and for the agency's work in 9



### developing these critical standards to protect 10



### our health and our environment. 11



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 12



### MS. LEVISON: Good afternoon. M y name 13



### is Lara Levison. It's L

- A

- R

- A, L

- E

- V

- I

- S

- O

- N. 14



### However, I am giving this testimony in behalf of 15



### my boss, and his name is Peter Bahouth, 16



### P

- E

- T

- E

- R
, B

- A

- H

- O

- U

- T

- H. 17



### This testimony is from Peter Behouth, 18



### executive director of the U.S. Climate Action 19



### N etwork. I am the program director and domestic 20



### policy director for U.S. CAN. 21



### I am here to express support of U.S. CAN 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and its member groups for the proposed carbon 1



### pollution standard for new power plants. This 2



### proposed rule takes an important step forwa rd at 3



### the Federal level to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas 4



### emissions that are contributing significantly to 5



### global climate change. 6



### The U.S. Climate Action Network is the 7



### largest U.S. network of organizations focused on 8



### climate change with over 85 member groups . Our 9



### purpose is to support and help coordinate these 10



### or organizations' efforts towards effective, 11



### equitable, and sustainable strategies to reduce 12



### carbon pollution and promote a clean energy 13



### future at all levels of the debate

- local, 14



### State, Federal, and international. 15



### U.S. CAN is also an affiliate of the 16



### Climate Action Network CAN International, a 17



### worldwide network of more than 700 18



### nongovernmental organizations and NGOs in more 19



### than 90 countries working to promote government, 20



### private sector, and individu al actions to limit 21



### human

- induced climate change to ecologically 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### sustainable levels. 1



### U.S. CAN's members include a wide range 2



### of nonprofit organizations whose individual 3



### members represent a broad spectrum of Americans. 4



### Many of our member groups focus on c limate 5



### change specifically or environmental issues more 6



### broadly, and these include State, regional, 7



### national, and global organizations. 8



### Because climate change will affect, and 9



### is already affecting, so many aspects of society, 10



### organizations representing ma ny interests and 11



### constituencies belong to U.S. CAN's Network, as 12



### well, including groups focused on the following 13



### topics: health, civil rights, faith, business, 14



### animal welfare, international developments, 15



### energy efficiency, portable energy, renewable 16



### energ y, environmental justice, think tank 17



### research, green jobs, sportsmen and anglers, 18



### wildlife, sustainables, transportation, and 19



### science. A list of U.S. CAN's members is 20



### included at the end of this testimony. I will 21



### not read that list you are happy to know. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The proposed carbon pollution standard 1



### is relevant to American's day

- to

- day concerns 2



### about the health of our families and the state of 3



### the economy. Limiting industrial carbon pollution 4



### from new power plants is critical to protecting 5



### the health of our chi ldren and families. 6



### I am going to skip forward to cover the 7



### main points. Regarding the economy, cleaning up 8



### carbon pollution will spark innovation and clean 9



### technologies and create American jobs to 10



### manufacture, install, and operate these 11



### technologies. 12



### A gain, the proposed carbon pollution 13



### rule is important in relation to topics that 14



### Americans think about every day and recognize as 15



### relevant to our daily lives, namely, the health 16



### of our families and the strength of the U.S. 17



### economy. 18



### The rule is also critic ally important 19



### from a longer term perspective. U.S. CAN's 20



### members recognize that climate change is already 21



### reshaping our lives and our planet in myriad ways 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and that we must seize the opportunities we have 1



### now to reduce carbon pollution and slow down 2



### glob al warming. 3



### At the International Climate Change 4



### Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009, the 5



### Copenhagen Accord recognized that greenhouse 6



### gases in the atmosphere should be stabilized at a 7



### level that would keep the increase in global 8



### temperature below 2 degree Celsius to prevent 9



### dangerous changes to the climate. 10



### Just last week, the chief economist for 11



### the International Energy Agency, Fartih Berol, 12



### warned that it is becoming increasingly unlikely 13



### that we will be able to keep the increase in 14



### global tempera tures below 2 degrees Celsius in 15



### this century, "What I see now with existing 16



### investments for plants under construction, we are 17



### seeing the door for a 2

- degree Celsius target 18



### about to be closed, and closed forever," said Dr. 19



### Berol, " Well, this door is getti ng slimmer and 20



### slimmer in terms of physical and economic 21



### possibility." 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### According to the IEA, this is because 1



### such a large amount of energy

- related greenhouse 2



### gas emissions is already locked in by existing 3



### power plants, factories, buildings, and other 4



### infr astructure. 5



### The evidence of climate change is 6



### becoming harder to ignore as we witness unusual 7



### bouts of extreme weather and record warm 8



### temperatures. Nathan covered that pretty well, 9



### so I will skip this part, too. 10



### Americans are noticing, they are making 11



### the connection between extreme weather and 12



### climate change. According to a March 2012 poll, 13



### 82 percent of Americans report that they were 14



### affected themselves by one or more extreme 15



### weather event or disaster in the last year. 16



### In response to the statement gl obal 17



### warming is affecting the weather in the U.S., 70 18



### percent agreed strongly or somewhat. 19



### We must move forward at the local, 20



### State, national, and international levels to slow 21



### down climate change. The carbon pollution rule 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### for new power plants is a step in the right 1



### direction at the national level for the United 2



### States. 3



### Some of you U.S. CAN's member groups see 4



### it as a significant step, others see it as very 5



### insufficient step, but all agree that it is a 6



### step forward and that EPA should move swiftly to 7



### cov er existing power plants as well. 8



### Thus far, more than 1 million comments 9



### have been submitted to EPA

-- 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: I am sorry. 11



### MS. LEVISON:

-- in support of the 12



### proposed carbon

-- oops, done, okay. Thank you. 13



### MR. CULLIGAN: The next speaker is 14



### Pri scilla Lin. I am ready whenever you are. 15



### MS. LIN: Hi. My name is Priscill a Lin. 16



### It is P

- R

- I

- S

- C

- I

- L

- L

- A, L

- I

- N. I grew up in 17



### Fairfax, Virginia, and I am currently studying at 18



### the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, 19



### Virginia. 20



### My major is glo bal studies and 21



### environmental policy. I am in full support of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### EPA's proposed carbon standards for new power 1



### plants, because I want clean air and healthy 2



### families for Virginia. 3



### Today, I would like to share an example 4



### of how these proposed standards would improve and 5



### benefit the City of Williamsburg and the 6



### surrounding communities. In Surry County, 7



### Virginia, there has been an aggressive pursuit of 8



### a plan to build a $6 billion coal

- fired power 9



### plant. 10



### The site of the proposed coal plant lies 11



### across the Jame s River, 20 miles away from the 12



### College of William and Mary. It would be the 13



### largest coal

- fired plant in Virginia, generating 14



### more than 1,700 pounds of carbon per megawatt 15



### every year. 16



### Carbon pollution fuels global warming, 17



### which only exacerbates air qual ity and smog 18



### problems. My generation already faces a host of 19



### health problems and from air pollution, my 20



### community would face increased risk of asthma and 21



### other lung illnesses seriously affecting our 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### quality of life. 1



### Carbon pollution would also threaten t he 2



### tourist industry that is crucial to the 3



### Williamsburg community. For almost four years, 4



### residents of Surry County and surrounding areas, 5



### including Williamsburg and Norfolk, have fought 6



### against this proposal. 7



### William and Mary students have also 8



### joined in the dialogue with the Student 9



### Environmental Action Coalition for a campaign for 10



### Surry justice. 11



### There is opposition to this project 12



### locally, but there has been blatant disregard in 13



### what the people want. Big polluters need to be 14



### held accountable. There ar e currently no Federal 15



### limits on how much carbon pollution power plants 16



### can emit into our air, and these polluters are 17



### bad corporate neighbors who take advantage of 18



### communities without regard for the health of 19



### people and their environment. 20



### So, we need the EPA to finalize these 21



### carbon pollution standards this year. This is 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### one of the many examples of how big polluters 1



### hurt and exploit communities. I urge the EPA to 2



### move forward in finalizing these standards this 3



### year, and I urge EPA to also move quickly i n 4



### developing standards for existing power plants. 5



### The people of Surry County deserve 6



### better. The students and faculty at William and 7



### Mary, and citizens of Williamsburg, and the rest 8



### of the downwind areas affected deserve better. 9



### We all deserve better. 10



### Thank you. 11



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you very much. 12



### I think at this point we are waiting on 13



### several speakers we are expecting, so we will 14



### take a pause while we wait. 15



### [Pause.] 16



### MR. CULLIGAN: Our next two speakers are 17



### Montre Moore and Mary Love. 18



### I am going t o walk through the 19



### directions one more time. Both of you can sit at 20



### the table. We are basically having two folks 21



### jump up to speak at a time. We have got the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### light system over here, so basically, when you 1



### start speaking, they will turn it on. 2



### It will be green for the first four 3



### minutes, it will turn yellow after four minutes, 4



### so that will let you know you have one minute 5



### left, so you can start to wrap up, and then it 6



### will turn red, and when it turns red, I will give 7



### you a gentle nudge to wrap up. 8



### With th at, whichever one of you wants to 9



### go first. 10



### The other thing I would ask for the 11



### benefit of our court reporter, all of this goes 12



### in a transcript, if you could

-- your names are 13



### actually fairly simple, but if you could repeat 14



### and spell your names, so the co urt reporter knows 15



### who you are, and your affiliation, that would be 16



### great. 17



### MR. MOORE: Do you want me to do that 18



### first? 19



### MR. CULLIGAN: When you start speaking, 20



### yes. 21



### MR. MOORE: Do you want me to spell my 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### name also? 1



### MR. CULLIGAN: Yes, great. Thank you

. 2



### MR. MOORE: Good afternoon. My name is 3



### Montre, M

- O

- N

- T

- R

- E, last name Moore, M

- O

- O

- R

- E. 4



### Good afternoon. My name is Montre 5



### Moore, and I am a resident of Milwaukee, 6



### Wisconsin. I come before you today, not as an 7



### environmental expert, nor as a doctor, n or as a 8



### lawyer, but I stand before you today as what I 9



### feel is the greatest position that God has given 10



### me, and that is of a father. 11



### This is my daughter Malea. Two years 12



### ago my outlook on the world changed dramatically. 13



### As many first

- time parents, I had no clue as to 14



### how to take care of a newborn child, let alone 15



### step into the role of parenting. 16



### But I wanted nothing more than the love 17



### of my life, to have all that she could possibly 18



### aspire for. I wanted nothing but the best for 19



### her, the best bottles, th e best car seats, even 20



### the best educational toys. No expense would be 21



### spared to bring these things to pass no matter 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### how hard I had to work. 1



### As time went on, I seemed to settle into 2



### my new role fairly well, however, I did notice 3



### that I had a greater sens itivity to things that I 4



### had never paid attention to before. I found 5



### myself holding onto empty water bottles, looking 6



### for recycling bins. I even made an effort to 7



### purchase those ridiculous looking grocery bags 8



### what you can reuse. 9



### I said to myself I have to do my part to 10



### save this planet for my little girl. So today I 11



### stand before you, not just asking for myself, but 12



### also for the millions of parents around this 13



### country that more than likely don't even know 14



### this hearing is currently taking place. 15



### I ask y ou today to do your part to save 16



### this planet for our children. 17



### Environmental regulation and awareness 18



### is not something that is commonly spoken about in 19



### my community, yet approximately 71 percent of 20



### African

- Americans live in areas in violation of 21



### air pollu tion standards. Pollution from power 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### plants is an issue of racial disparity as people 1



### with color are most likely to experience the 2



### toxins coming from these plants, and the impact 3



### is obvious on the health outcomes. 4



### Approximately 68 percent of 5



### African

- Amer icans live within 30 miles of 6



### coal

- fired power plants, which is a zone that is 7



### the highest risk of impact of exposure to these 8



### toxic pollutions. 9



### The report on power plants found that 10



### emissions from all power plants in the U.S., both 11



### coal

- fueled and also o thers, are responsible for 12



### 30,000 premature deaths, 7,000 asthmatic effects 13



### attacks on African

- Americans have been shown. 14



### African

- Americans are at 36 percent 15



### higher rate than that of white America as it 16



### relates to these type of illnesses. 17



### African

- America ns are hospitalized twice as much 18



### as relates to asthma and other diseases as it 19



### relates to carbon dioxide. 20



### In addition to the pollution, in 21



### addition to polluting the air we breathe, and the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### water in which we catch our fish, carbon dioxide 1



### is the number on e driver of climate control. 2



### Coal

- fired power plants are the number 3



### one contributor of carbon dioxide in our 4



### atmosphere. 5



### So, today, I stand before you and I 6



### speak on behalf of my sister Sonya, who spent a 7



### warm afternoon in Chicago shopping with a dear 8



### fr iend of hers. She thought to herself this 9



### would be a great opportunity to take in a film 10



### and end our day. 11



### Unfortunately, her BFF, as she called 12



### her, suffered a severe asthma attack during the 13



### film and was pronounced dead just a few hours 14



### later. 15



### Today, I speak on behalf of my niece 16



### Lenora, who suffers from severe asthma. She has 17



### missed 39 days of school this year alone. 18



### Unfortunately, there will be no summer break for 19



### her this year. She simply has too much work to 20



### make up. 21



### Passing the carbon pollution standards 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### will enrich the communities worldwide, that they 1



### don't face continued efforts, continued problems 2



### and threats from pollution that degrade our 3



### health today, also while reeking havoc on the 4



### environment that we all depend on, thereby 5



### resulting in w idespread devastation and sea level 6



### rising, and also extreme weather events, as well. 7



### It is time that we put people before 8



### profit and no longer profit before people. 9



### We have to begin to put in, we have to 10



### begin to implement a succession plan for our 11



### plan et. We now have the resources to do better, 12



### we can do better, and there is no reason that we 13



### should not do better. 14



### We have the opportunity to set the 15



### standard for the world, all while strengthening 16



### our economy and creating millions of clean energy 17



### jobs. Our children are depending on us to get 18



### this right. Our children are depending on us to 19



### get this right. 20



### I thank you and may God bless you. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Mary. 1



### MS. LOVE: Okay. My name is Mary Love, 2



### M

- A

- R

- Y, L

- O

- V

- E. My name is Mary Love , and I am 3



### a resident of Henrico County in the State of 4



### Virginia. 5



### Good afternoon to everyone. I stand 6



### before you today praying silently that you will 7



### listen with an open mind about a young mom who 8



### will give birth in two weeks, hoping her baby 9



### will be bor n healthy. 10



### I stand for the grandmother who lives 11



### three miles from a power plant that gives off 12



### industrial pollution, who has breathed polluted 13



### air most of her life. 14



### I stand to be a voice for their little 15



### boy or their girl who has been in the emergency 16



### ro om four times within six months for asthma, 17



### missing school two to three days each time. 18



### I can't forget about that dad who has 19



### not missed a day from work in 10 years, trying to 20



### be the head of the household, but can't, because 21



### bad news has come his way, he has cancer. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Carbon pollution increases smog and 1



### other nasty wastes continue to be dumped into our 2



### rivers, lakes, creeks, bays, and oceans. Oh, 3



### that we could turn back the hand of time to a 4



### period where these ugly pollutants first began 5



### infesting our envi ronment. 6



### Sadly, we can't travel back in time, 7



### however we can stand up right now and change 8



### these harmful practices in their tracks. 9



### I stand for that young mom who will bear 10



### her baby that live only two days due to breathing 11



### and polluted air, and whose fat her who can't 12



### provide no more. My friend's grandmother who 13



### likes to check on her neighbors in her community 14



### can't walk two blocks because of lung disease. 15



### I stand for my coworker's twin boys, 16



### Jason and Justin, who live in a community that is 17



### filled with smog, who would like to have the 18



### chance to go to college after high school. 19



### Doctors, scientists, and experts says 20



### that carbon pollution is dangerous for children 21



### and seniors because climate changes raises 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### temperatures, is likely to make small pollution 1



### wo rse, which would trigger asthma attacks and 2



### permanently damage and reduce the function of her 3



### children's lungs. 4



### I ask you to pick up a pen to write a 5



### contract of demand to these industrial power 6



### plants to begin to bring an end to polluted 7



### environment. Le t's clear up America around all 8



### neighborhoods to be a cleaner, better place to 9



### live. 10



### Power plants give off carbon pollution, 11



### threaten our health each day, therefore, we are 12



### dying in record notice due to air, waste, and 13



### carbon pollution. We stand here tod ay to ask you 14



### to put yourself in the place of people living 15



### dangerously close to these power plants. 16



### What would you do if your mother, who 17



### hadn't smoked a day in her life, and had nearly 18



### perfect health, suddenly developed lung cancer 19



### and died? 20



### What would you do if your two children 21



### began having sudden asthma attacks due to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### polluted levels in the air? 1



### What would you do if your job your 2



### husband had, had since high school, was at the 3



### coal power plant, and as a result, his health has 4



### consistently declined? 5



### Think about it and make the right 6



### decision. 7



### I plead and I urge the Environmental 8



### Protection Agency to clean up carbon pollution 9



### from new or existing power plants, because it 10



### will protect America's health, young and old. 11



### Clean up industrial carbon polluti on, 12



### which global warming will stop innovation and 13



### clean technology, and create American jobs to 14



### manufacture, install, and operate these 15



### technologies, modernizing the nation with new 16



### power plants to make them more efficient and 17



### cleaner. 18



### It would create new generation and green 19



### jobs. We cleaned up air pollution in the past, we 20



### can do it again. I stand for America everywhere. 21



### Thank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you both very much, 1



### and I thank you also for the amount of time you 2



### guys took to get here. We really appreciate 3



### that. 4



### Our next two speakers are Briana Lou and 5



### Sylvia Wood. 6



### MS. WOOD: My name is Sylvia Wood. 7



### Do we have Briana anywhere, Briana Lou? 8



### [No response.] 9



### MR. CULLIGAN: We will let you get 10



### started and after you are done, we will give 11



### Briana an other shot. 12



### MS. WOOD: Thank you. Good afternoon. 13



### My name is Sylvia Carpenter Wood. I am a 14



### resident of the City of Richmond, Virginia. I 15



### come today to address the issue of carbon 16



### pollution that contributes to many changes in our 17



### climate, as well as a threat that it has on the 18



### health and safety of Americans. 19



### As an African

- American, I stand to speak 20



### for those in my neighborhood and my community, 21



### the voices who are voiceless, and they that are 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### affected by the pollutants that circulate 1



### throughout the air. 2



### I come today, not to totally focus on 3



### giving dates or records on the pre

- industrial 4



### era, or even the greenhouse gases that tend to 5



### warm the atmosphere, but I stand today to 6



### acknowledge my concern as an individual who deals 7



### with effects of many pollutants 365 days a year. 8



### When I wake up in the morning, one of 9



### the things I have to do is turn on the weather 10



### channel of my favorite TV Station WTVI, CBS 6 to 11



### get the local weather and the news. This helps 12



### me to prepare for my day and what I will expect 13



### when I venture outdoors. 14



### My sensitivity to certain pollutants 15



### circulating in the air plays a vital role in my 16



### activities that fill the day. 17



### I have to decide whether I want to take 18



### a morning walk or a stroll, what medications I 19



### have to take or inhale, or just de cide whether I 20



### simply want to venture out to go to work and 21



### venture back out to return to home. That sounds 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### like an exciting and a fun

- filled day. 1



### It can also play a part in limiting my 2



### community and civil rights activism when I travel 3



### throughout the Unit ed States speaking on various 4



### issues. 5



### Today, I stand on behalf of my great 6



### nephew Breyon Wood, a 6

- year

- old, who attends 7



### Westover Hills Elementary in Richmond, Virginia. 8



### He has to limit his outdoors playing because one 9



### day at school, he became sick and d octors 10



### diagnosed him to having asthma. 11



### Now, playing outdoors for a long period 12



### of time and the outdoor conditions can cause 13



### major medical problems. The whites of his eyes 14



### for a long period of time, they can become 15



### yellow. 16



### A coughing spell can lead to hi m 17



### vomiting and a trip to the hospital emergency 18



### room, and all the doctors' office, and yet that 19



### not only affects him, but his mom has to lose 20



### time from her job. This leads to her receiving a 21



### low paycheck, because her job has limits on the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### amount of sick o r personal leave time that she 1



### can use during the calendar year. 2



### How can you tell a young child that has 3



### been busy playing baseball, football, basketball, 4



### that he loves to play, he now comes along with 5



### medical guidelines. 6



### Breyon now has to carry around, and 7



### utilize, an inhaler, not an easy task for a 8



### playful young child. 9



### I stand on behalf of my mother

- in

- law, 10



### who lives near a factory in Richmond, Virginia. 11



### The pollutant from that factory caused her a lot 12



### of pain and suffering with her breathing. She 13



### fi nally decided to pack up the family and move to 14



### another area in the City of Richmond, which 15



### didn't affect her as much. 16



### I come before the EPA to ask that you 17



### strongly look into changing the carbon pollution 18



### standards, and reading there is news articles 19



### tha t existing power plants looked upon as having 20



### great responsibilities for adding to the tons of 21



### carbon and other toxic pollutants in the air. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### This could lead to thousands of pounds 1



### of toxins for each man, woman, or child in the 2



### country. Now is the time to change, if not now, 3



### when? Time is of essence. Please look into your 4



### hearts by focusing on the safety of many 5



### generations of Americans that are here and the 6



### generations to come. 7



### Thank you and God bless you. 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you very much. 9



### Briana Lo u, has Briana Lou joined us? 10



### No, okay. 11



### We will move on to Michael Williams and 12



### Matt Sinclair. 13



### MR. SINCLAIR: Hello. My name is Matt 14



### Sinclair and I am a proud member of the 15



### Communications Workers of America, Local 2201, in 16



### Richmond Virginia. 17



### I work for a large telecommunications 18



### company and I am here to testify in support of 19



### the proposed standards limiting carbon emissions 20



### for new power plants. 21



### Union workers like myself are often on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the front lines when it comes to pollution and 1



### hazardous chemicals, an d every day we see how 2



### safeguards and regulations make our workplaces 3



### safer and cleaner. 4



### While some try to say that there has to 5



### be a choice between having a clean environment or 6



### jobs, this is simply not the case. We have 7



### repeatedly seen how Americans ca n turn 8



### environmental challenges into new economic 9



### opportunities, and the proposed carbon emission 10



### standards for new power plants once again gives 11



### us this chance. 12



### The standard will require new power 13



### plants to emit fewer greenhouse gases or carbon 14



### pollution into the air when they operate. This 15



### means new plants will be built cleaner and more 16



### energy efficient than current plants. 17



### Building new power plants that are 18



### cleaner and more energy efficient will drive 19



### innovation and clean technologies, spur 20



### developmen t and production of clean technologies 21



### in the United States, creating jobs and economic 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### growth, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, 1



### which will address the worse impacts of climate 2



### change. 3



### These regulations will also protect the 4



### health of our families and make sure that we have 5



### a healthier environment, all while creating jobs 6



### and making America more competitive in the global 7



### economy. 8



### In fact, it is likely that we will see 9



### an improvement in job performance and 10



### productivity of American workers and long

- term 11



### environmental growth with these standards. 12



### The need for these standards is becoming 13



### even greater as international competitors and 14



### other governments take action to increase the use 15



### of clean energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas 16



### emissions. 17



### In today's e conomy, America isn't an 18



### island, and we must continue to move forward and 19



### remain competitive internationally. America has 20



### made strides over the past few years to get back 21



### to where we should be economically following the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### recession. 1



### EPA actions like this, coupled with 2



### specific job policies, will make the U.S. economy 3



### more competitive, put millions back to work, 4



### strengthen existing industries, and building the 5



### industries of the future. 6



### I am proud to be a union member and an 7



### essential part of what that means is that I know 8



### I have a moral responsibility to defend the 9



### long

- term interests of the working people. 10



### We want to know we cannot have only good 11



### jobs, but a planet that will be safe and healthy 12



### for future generations of workers. My fellow 13



### union members an d I do not accept the false idea 14



### that we must choose between jobs and a healthy 15



### environment. 16



### I know that in truth, we will have both 17



### or we will have neither. 18



### Thank you for your time. 19



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 20



### MR. WILLIAMS: Good afternoon. My name 21



### is Mike Williams. I work for the BlueGreen 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Alliance as a senior policy and legislative 1



### advocate, and I have the privilege today to help 2



### manage their climate and energy work. 3



### I am here today to convey the BlueGreen 4



### Alliance's support for the proposed carbon 5



### pollution standard and to express our strong 6



### desire for a comprehensive solution to addressing 7



### climate change. 8



### BlueGreen Alliance is a national 9



### partnership of labor unions and environmental 10



### organizations, founded in 2006 by the United 11



### Steelworkers and the Sierra Club, and has since 12



### expanded to now include four of the largest 13



### environmental organizations and eight diverse and 14



### prominent labor unions. 15



### All told, the membership of BGA's 16



### partners represents the interests of over 14 17



### million people across North Am erica. One of the 18



### main principles BGA was founded on was the dire 19



### need to address climate change, that through 20



### addressing climate change, America can build a 21



### lasting, sustainable economy that provides high 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### quality employment and helps rebuild the middle 1



### c lass. 2



### As the dean of the House, Congressman 3



### John Dingell recently said, "We can't afford to 4



### have an economy in which some jobs work for the 5



### future; we need an economy in which they all do." 6



### It is this basic principle that workers 7



### throughout every industr y play a vital role in 8



### the 21st century climate conscious economy. We 9



### will achieve this only by reimagining, 10



### refocusing, and rebuilding our current economy. 11



### Labor and environmental partners of our 12



### alliance strongly advocated for a comprehensive 13



### approach to America's energy and climate policy, 14



### matching mandated reductions in greenhouse 15



### emissions with investment portfolio meant to spur 16



### innovation across the many sectors of the 21st 17



### century clean economy, and enhanced 18



### competitiveness within the traditional s ectors. 19



### Regretfully, we failed to implement this 20



### approach, not just Congress, we all failed, but 21



### we must not use this as an excuse to turn our 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### backs from what we currently can and must be 1



### done, nor can we use this as an excuse to turn 2



### our backs on fiercel y advocating for a 3



### comprehensive solution. 4



### The carbon pollution standard fits well 5



### within the realm of what must be done. This 6



### proposed rule comes out of a long process that 7



### includes a mandate from the Supreme Court and an 8



### endangerment finding from the s cientists at the 9



### EPA. 10



### The standard will apply only to future 11



### power plants, limiting emissions of greenhouse 12



### gases to a standard on natural gas combined cycle 13



### generation or a coal

- fired plant equipped with 14



### carbon capture and storage. Technology is 15



### absolut ely vital for the future of American 16



### industry, across industries. 17



### It will apply only to large power plants 18



### and allows for projects that will begin 19



### construction within one year to forego 20



### compliance. 21



### This is a reasonable first step towards 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### addressing clima te change. The standard does not 1



### affect existing power generation, but it will 2



### ensure that long

- term investments in energy 3



### infrastructure reflect the reality of climate 4



### change, driving investment in clean energy, which 5



### we believe will make America more co mpetitive, 6



### more energy dependent, and create many good jobs. 7



### Again, this is a reasonable and 8



### necessary first step, but there is much, much 9



### more that needs to be done. BlueGreen Alliance 10



### believes that in the absence of comprehensive 11



### climate and clean energ y policy, Congress should 12



### enact the following policies to complement the 13



### carbon pollution standard and ensure that our 14



### country fully realizes the job retention and job 15



### creating benefits of the clean energy economy. 16



### First, create clear market signals for 17



### c lean energy deployment; second, address global 18



### competitiveness; third, invest in cleaner, more 19



### advanced power generation; fourth, provide a 20



### proper transition for workers and communities; 21



### fifth, guarantee access to capital markets for 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### energy

- intensive indus tries; and, sixth, rebuild 1



### American manufacturing and infrastructure. 2



### Pollution is, quite simply, a form of 3



### waste and a sign of inefficiency. Over and over 4



### again, the environmental safeguards of the last 5



### 40 years have resulted in waste reduction, energy 6



### efficiency, and greater economic competitiveness, 7



### creating thousands of new jobs and making 8



### existing jobs more secure. 9



### In a global economy where international 10



### competitors are leading in the development of 11



### clean energy technologies and deployment, 12



### retreati ng from this basic understanding is 13



### tantamount to surrendering our economic future. 14



### Air pollution of all sorts also puts a 15



### tremendous drag on our economic recovery from 16



### increased health care expenses to the cost of 17



### adapting to changed weather patterns. 18



### T hus, although BlueGreen Alliance 19



### believes that Congress ultimately should pass 20



### comprehensive climate and clean energy 21



### legislation, the dangers presented by climate 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### change and the potential for jobs lost as a 1



### result of inaction, leaving us further behind in 2



### the global clean energy market, are too great to 3



### delay any further the process of cutting U.S. 4



### carbon pollution under existing law. 5



### Finally, all too often people are 6



### offered a false choice between having good jobs 7



### or a clean environment. The truth is we don't 8



### have to choose between good jobs and the clean 9



### environment. We can and we must have both. 10



### Thank you. 11



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 12



### So, Judith Charles and Joseph Mendelson. 13



### MS. CHARLES: My name is Judith Charles. 14



### I am here as a citizen and also as a volunteer 15



### with the Sierra Club and the Beyond Coal 16



### Campaign. 17



### I wanted to commend the EPA in proposing 18



### a carbon pollution standard for new power plants 19



### and enforcing the Clean Air Act. 20



### We have heard a great from industries 21



### about costs to clean up the e nvironment, the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### costs are too high, the essential benefits to 1



### society do not justify the investment, or the 2



### standards will cost jobs. 3



### I don't think that this is true. The 4



### costs of leaving carbon emissions unchecked will 5



### be more costly to society in terms of public 6



### health and environmental damage. 7



### Not only are there severe threats to 8



### human health, but there will be significant costs 9



### to agriculture, natural resources management, and 10



### conservation practices. 11



### I am encouraged that the EPA has 12



### proposed the car bon emission standard. As the 13



### country with the second highest level of carbon 14



### emissions in the world, it is time that we act 15



### responsibly and take steps to regulate carbon 16



### emissions. 17



### We need to join the positive actions 18



### taken by some of our States, Austra lia and the 19



### European Union, in tackling these emissions. 20



### Thank you. 21



### MR. MENDELSON: Hi. My name is Joe 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Mendelson. I am director of Policy for National 1



### Wildlife Federation's Climate and Energy program. 2



### NWF is the nation's largest conservation, 3



### educatio n, and advocacy organization with more 4



### than 4 million members across the country. 5



### We have affiliate organizations in 48 6



### States and territories, and our mission is to 7



### inspire Americans to protect wildlife for our 8



### children's future. 9



### As you will hear from t he inspired NWF 10



### speakers representing 12 States that follow my 11



### testimony, support for EPA's proposed carbon 12



### pollution standards for new electric power plants 13



### as a means to protect our public health and 14



### wildlife for future generations is widespread and 15



### foun d throughout the country. 16



### There has never been a more urgent time 17



### to stop carbon pollution as it is fueling climate 18



### change and ocean acidification. Each year, our 19



### nation's power plants pump nearly 2.3 billion 20



### tons of carbon pollution into the atmosphere. 21



### Global carbon pollution is increasing in record 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### amounts, jumping by 6 percent over the last year. 1



### If this pollution path is not altered, 2



### global temperatures will increase by at least 7 3



### degrees Fahrenheit, potentially 11 degrees 4



### Fahrenheit by 2100. 5



### This current path also leaves wildlife 6



### in local communities on the front lines, 7



### experiencing the increasingly virulent impacts of 8



### climate change on a daily basis. 9



### At 4 degrees C, that is the 7

- plus 10



### Fahrenheit temperature increase, scientists 11



### predict massive e xtinctions across the globe. In 12



### the last year, the U.S. has seen wildfires harm 13



### the monarch butterfly migration and push the 14



### Houston toad to the brink of extinction. 15



### Record drought has threatened endangered 16



### whooping cranes, and extreme floods have blown 17



### out fish populations in numerous rivers and 18



### streams. 19



### Our 2011 report game changers, air 20



### pollution, a warming climate, and the troubled 21



### future for America's hunting and fishing 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### heritage, details how toxic air pollution and 1



### carbon pollution from power plant s represents a 2



### double whammy, exacerbating the disappearance of 3



### our nation's beloved fish and game species. 4



### In our recent report on thin ice forming 5



### winters puts America's hunting and fishing 6



### heritage at risk, provides real world 7



### experiences, some of whic h you will soon hear, 8



### with how the decades long trend in shorter, 9



### warmer and less snowy winters is having major 10



### impacts on all forms of outdoor recreation. 11



### At the same time, communities across the 12



### country face a record number of climate change 13



### extreme wea ther events that are taking toll on 14



### our families and our personal property. 15



### In 2011, the U.S. experienced over $35 16



### billion worth of extreme weather losses. That is 17



### insured weather losses, not the uninsured losses, 18



### which we know probably hurt even more. 19



### This property damage has left families 20



### homeless, destroyed critical infrastructure, and 21



### placed an immediate human cost upon accelerating 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### climate change. Without a national policy that 1



### begins to tackle carbon pollution, these problems 2



### will accelerate the s peed and force, and may 3



### become unstoppable. 4



### It is for these very reasons that NWS 5



### affiliates passed a resolution in 2009 resolving 6



### that all new coal

- fired power plants being built 7



### should be required to control their carbon 8



### pollution. 9



### Happily, EPA's propo sed rule just does 10



### that. It sets a standard regardless of fuel type 11



### that says we can no longer indiscriminantly pump 12



### carbon pollution into our skies, and ensures that 13



### as we modernize our power sector, we do not 14



### saddle the future generations with more high 15



### carbon polluting infrastructure that lasts for a 16



### decade to come. 17



### Importantly, EPA cannot stop there. 18



### Since 1999, I have engaged in personal efforts to 19



### utilize the Clean Air Act to limit carbon 20



### pollution. One legal petition, numerous court 21



### rulings inclu ding two Supreme Court rulings now, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and three presidents later, we are only now 1



### tackling the first piece of the nation's largest 2



### sector of carbon pollution. 3



### It has been 12 years since my own 4



### efforts began. I have literally watched my two 5



### daughters grow up , and close to 40 billion tons 6



### of uncontrolled power plant carbon pollution be 7



### emitted during this time. 8



### We cannot delay additional efforts any 9



### longer, and standards to control the carbon 10



### pollution from existing power plants must follow 11



### in short order. T here is not only a legal 12



### obligation to do so, but there is a moral duty to 13



### act. We cannot leave future generations 14



### wondering why we waited to take the next step. 15



### Thank you. 16



### MR. CULLIGAN: What are the 12 States 17



### that we will be hearing from? 18



### MR. MENDELS ON: Do I have it? Let me 19



### check if I have it. They will introduce their 20



### States when I think they testify. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Our next two speakers are 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Mark Jester and Lhi Young. 1



### MR. JESTER: Good afternoon. 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: I just want to remind 3



### folks that, if you could, spell your names for 4



### the court reporter. It is very helpful. 5



### MR. JESTER: Certainly. My name is Mark 6



### Jester. It is Mark with a "k," last name is 7



### Jester, just like the court, J

- E

- S

- T

- E

- R. 8



### I am president of the Berkshire County 9



### League of Sportsmen located in Pittsfield, 10



### Massachusetts. The Berkshire County League of 11



### Sportsmen is an umbrella organization 12



### representing 20 regional clubs and just over 13



### 3,200 sportsmen and conservationists, all of whom 14



### have a vested interest in preserving our pr oud 15



### outdoor heritage and protecting Massachusetts' 16



### rich natural resources. 17



### The delegates of the League represent 18



### some of the most dedicated sportsmen and 19



### sportswomen in the country. People are willing 20



### to give their time, effort, resources to ensure 21



### that the fellow sportsmen and future generations 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### will be able to enjoy the pursuits that we have 1



### all had the opportunity to enjoy. 2



### The Berkshire County League is 3



### considered one of the strongest and most 4



### effective and united organizations of the State 5



### of Massac husetts. 6



### I am here today to talk to you as their 7



### representative about EPA's proposed Clean Air Act 8



### and the effects of carbon pollution on the 9



### Massachusetts habitat and wildlife. 10



### I have been hunting and fishing in 11



### Massachusetts for over 45 years. Both my father 12



### and my grandfather introduced me and my brothers 13



### and sisters to the outdoors as kids. My 14



### grandparents lived next

- door to Lanesboro Town 15



### Brook when I was growing up, one of Berkshire 16



### County's best kept fishing spots up until this 17



### moment. 18



### Each spri ng, on opening day of fishing 19



### season, every kid that lived in Lanesboro would 20



### be lined up elbow to elbow trying to catch the 21



### biggest brook trout and rainbow trout that they 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### could see from the narrow banks leading along to 1



### opening day, each kid dreaming abo ut catching the 2



### biggest fish in the stream, so they could proudly 3



### show it to their mom and dad afterwards. 4



### Today, there is a mercury poisoning 5



### warning on that body of water and any fish that 6



### is caught should be released back into that 7



### polluted water. 8



### In Massachusetts, there are 125 bodies 9



### of water that have mercury warnings on them. The 10



### fish that are caught in these lakes and ponds 11



### cannot be eaten, and effectively, all have become 12



### unofficial catch and release areas. 13



### In these financially troubled times, 14



### many sportsmen are forced to provide their 15



### families dinner from these polluted waters. As a 16



### leader in the State's community of sporting, I am 17



### often called upon by young parents asking about 18



### the waters in western Massachusetts, are the fish 19



### that the kids c atch, are they safe to eat. More 20



### times than not I have to say no. 21



### My first hunting experience was going 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### after rabbits with my grandfather and his 1



### tri

- colored beagle named Topper. It was one of 2



### the most favorite memories of all time, hearing 3



### Old Top, as m y grandfather called him, bay as he 4



### chased the rabbits around and around the hedge 5



### rows of my uncle's farm. 6



### These experiences I have now passed on 7



### over the years to my children, fishing in the 8



### town brook, rabbit hunting with my own beagles, 9



### and now hopefu lly, I will be able to do the same 10



### with my four grandchildren, who are still too 11



### young to take out into the woods and the waters. 12



### But I have to say that I am doubtful 13



### that I will be able to do so if things don't 14



### change, and don't change soon. Sportsmen a re on 15



### the front lines of conservation every day, and 16



### have been for well over 200 years. 17



### We are in the woods and the waters every 18



### single day of the year. We are the watchdogs and 19



### whistleblowers when it comes to protecting the 20



### environment. I am here today to tell you there 21



### are some problems, big problems for our 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### ecosystem, and the effects on the wildlife are 1



### severe. 2



### I have a few examples. There are two 3



### species of cottontails in Massachusetts, the 4



### Eastern Cottontail and the New England 5



### Cottontail. In Jun e of 2004, U.S. Fish & 6



### Wildlife found that there was substantial need 7



### for protection of the New England Cottontail 8



### under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, they had 9



### initiated a review. 10



### In 2006, U.S. Fish & Wildlife determined 11



### that the Federal listing was wa rranted, but 12



### passed them over due to other priorities for 13



### other species. However, the New England 14



### Cottontail was given the highest priority in the 15



### Northeast, and is in decline due to loss of 16



### favorable habitat, habitat is being destroyed by 17



### a warming clima te. 18



### We all know about the comeback of the 19



### striped bass, and that is in jeopardy. The 20



### striped bass is considered by sportsmen 21



### throughout as a highly

-- won a trophy in its 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### regulated seasons and strict limits. Striped 1



### bass fishing is one of the largest gr owing 2



### specters in the sportsmen's ranks. As a 3



### fisherman, one of my favorite pastimes is fishing 4



### for stripers out in the Cape. 5



### They are one of the few big game fish 6



### that require a vastly different habitat. A 7



### warming climate leads to rising sea levels tha t 8



### destroy marshes, that serve as nurseries for 9



### these juvenile bass. 10



### Warmer waters have a cascade of ill 11



### effects on the fish. Stripers absorb toxic 12



### chemicals more quickly when water is at a higher 13



### temperature. Science has shown that the striped 14



### bass with higher loads of dioxins have a lower 15



### reproduction rate. 16



### The final example is waterfowl hunting, 17



### and is as much of a tradition as it gets for 18



### sportsmen. You have a dog, a shotgun, and a fast 19



### moving quarry. The black duck is a Holy Grail 20



### for the duck hun ters, they are big, they are 21



### fast, and they are brawny. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### It has been identified as a susceptible 1



### species due to loss of breeding habitat, 2



### associated with ever increasing climate. Highest 3



### breeding densities are found in the Northeast. 4



### Black ducks utilize a variety of habitat 5



### breeding, such as alkaline marshes, acid bogs, 6



### lakes, and streams, along with fresh brackish and 7



### saltwater marshes. Rising sea levels from 8



### warming climates pose disaster for this fragile 9



### species. 10



### In 2006, 500,000 anglers and 70,000 11



### h unters came to Massachusetts to hunt and fish in 12



### the lands and waters. Fishing and hunting are not 13



### just recreational pasttimes, they are also a 14



### major contributor to the Massachusetts economy. 15



### Over half a million sportsmen and women 16



### generated more than $80 0 million in revenue in 17



### that year alone, however, this rich community of 18



### fish and game and the ecosystem that it depends 19



### on is at risk with the warming world. 20



### For Massachusetts sportsmen, healthy 21



### populations of wildlife are necessary to support 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### our econom y and our outdoor heritage. EPA must 1



### be allowed

-- 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: I ask you to wrap up. 3



### MR. JESTER: One second. Thank you. 4



### EPA just be allowed to carry out its 5



### legal obligation to control carbon pollution that 6



### causes climate change for our country's biggest 7



### polluters. 8



### I will leave you with this quote from 9



### the former Republican Massachusetts Congressman 10



### Sylvio Conte, that was delivered to a delegate 11



### back in 1984. "The problem with preservation 12



### boils down to this

- ducks can't vote, trees 13



### can't vote, neither can salmon, flowers, 14



### mountains and rivers. It is incumbent upon us as 15



### sportsmen to take on this weighty responsibility. 16



### To serve this is our greatest constituency." 17



### Thank you. 18



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 19



### DR. YOUNG: Hi. My name is Lih Young. 20



### I am a Ph.D. in economics by training. I have 21



### run for public office since '94 from local to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Federal, and I am here to testify for the 1



### following purpose. 2



### First, to join the Sierra Club, EDF, 3



### including Air Force, and other environmental 4



### groups to support EPA plans to clean air, reduce 5



### the pollution emissions, and in global warming, 6



### industry improve the government function, protect 7



### the people, families, and the communities from 8



### harmful damages, and to reduce the health care 9



### cost. 10



### American people count on EPA to protect 11



### them, don't depend on polluters to police 12



### themselves, and don't buy the polluters' claim 13



### that EPA safeguard would hurt jobs. 14



### Second, to urge the elimination of any 15



### unfairness and irresponsibility, the impact on 16



### unfair elections, unfair market m echanism, and 17



### unjust inference of corporations, entities, or 18



### network which cause serious social, political 19



### media budget problems and then cost our society 20



### tremendously, briefly speaking. 21



### One, to oppose corruption, unjust, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### unlawful practices and the polici es. 1



### Two, to end all unfair, unjust, 2



### unlawful, or misleading legislation, 3



### appropriation subsidies, or use of land and 4



### resources. 5



### Three, to stop abuse, waste, 6



### destruction, victimization from local to global. 7



### Fourth, to prosecute, eliminate murder, 8



### fraud, crime, unjust networks, which cause 9



### serious social and political problems. 10



### Five, to promote fairness, health, 11



### productivity, social life, and the well

- being of 12



### general public. 13



### Six, to protect people, families, and 14



### communities. 15



### Seven, to improve governmen t function, 16



### considering social cost

- benefits. 17



### Eight, to resolve social issues, 18



### including various social, political media 19



### legislation, budget election system. You put the 20



### hyphen among those words especially those I have 21



### identified, and my family have expe rience. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I would like you to see my candidate 1



### statement on social issues, local to Federal to 2



### global, and complaints at administrative and 3



### judicial levels. 4



### As I mentioned, I have run for public 5



### office on local to Federal since '94, to 6



### prosecute, eliminate murder, for all crime, 7



### unjust network, which is a robbery machine, 8



### robber

- ism, instead of capital

- ism, which are 9



### rampant in private, public sectors, branches of 10



### various agencies, administrative and judicial 11



### levels, including legal, judicial, core 12



### personne l, law enforcement, child services 13



### occupation, contractors, facilities, et cetera, 14



### which are continuing, ongoing, relaying, 15



### infiltrating every segment of our lives including 16



### nonprofit organizations, a standing local problem 17



### with threat, coercion, falsifica tion, misleading, 18



### destruction, tempering the strain, concealing 19



### evidence, document, witness end of abuse of 20



### power, law, authorities, unlawful, immoral acts, 21



### abuse and misconduct, waste unjust scheme, scam, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### manipulation, monitoring inferences, deprivation 1



### o f people's lives, rights, resources, property, 2



### homes, cars, reputation, destruction of social 3



### activities including personal, political 4



### affiliation destroy individual families, 5



### communities, society, justice, peace. 6



### Of course, the home is human rights 7



### netwo rk, social political election media, 8



### destroy essence of democracy, fair market 9



### mechanisms, and so

- called capitalism, and that 10



### costs our society tremendously. 11



### I will have attached several of my 12



### documents, and which a lot of evidence how 13



### serious the proble ms, not working right. So, 14



### this is an opportunity. I really hope the EPA 15



### can show you leadership and to improve our 16



### society, and government function. 17



### As I mentioned, my evidence is including 18



### all those of foreclosure, and abuse of power of 19



### attorney and g uardianship, eviction and 20



### detention, abuse of mental institutions, 21



### anti

- conspiracy, they were sent to mental 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### institutions rather than improve the government 1



### function, and then prosecute official misconduct. 2



### So, we have to make sure this EPA with 3



### Departmen t of Justice, and then prosecute those 4



### with misconduct, criminal network, very serious, 5



### where to put the people, their life, their 6



### rights, and the property, their homes, and, of 7



### course, health and productivity is about all. 8



### Thank you very much. 9



### MR. CULLI GAN: Thank you. 10



### Our next two speakers are Joy Bergey and 11



### Eric Orff. 12



### MS. BERGEY: Good afternoon. My name is 13



### Joy Bergey. That is J

- O

- Y, B

- E

- R

- G

- E

- Y. I speak 14



### in my role as executive director of the Center 15



### for the Celebration of Creation. The Center is 16



### an inter

- religious program affiliated with 17



### Chestnut Hill United Church in Philadelphia, 18



### Pennsylvania. 19



### The Center works with congregants, 20



### congregations, and individuals to address 21



### problems of environmental injustice. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The Center for the Celebration of 1



### Cre ation applauds President Obama and 2



### Administrator Jackson for proposing this strong, 3



### new rule. We urge that it be implemented quickly 4



### and not weakened in any way. 5



### Every major faith tradition calls on its 6



### followers to protect those at the margins of 7



### societ y, those who cannot defend themselves, the 8



### young, the old, the sick, the poor, and it is 9



### exactly those persons who will be hurt first and 10



### worst by climate change, the climate change 11



### caused by industrial carbon pollution. 12



### The major faith traditions also ca ll on 13



### us to protect, even celebrate the natural world 14



### that God has given us. God's love is infinite, 15



### the earth's natural resources are not. 16



### The ways that we generate power in this 17



### country are causing damage to God's world that 18



### may take decades or centuri es to heal, 19



### threatening to deprive our children and their 20



### children of safe and healthy communities in which 21



### to live and grow. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Pennsylvania is the third worst State in 1



### terms of global warming pollution with our 12 2



### million residents creating 1 percent of th e 3



### world's heat trapping emissions. Our State 4



### creates more global warming pollution than 101 5



### countries combined. 6



### With a long history of burning fossil 7



### fuels to generate our power, Pennsylvania already 8



### has abundant scars on our landscape, piles of 9



### coal wast e, miles upon miles of dirty, dead 10



### waterways, and dirty air, and their unacceptable 11



### air quality is largely a result of power plant 12



### pollution. 13



### The Clean Air Task Force found that more 14



### than 1,300 Pennsylvanians died prematurely just 15



### in 2010 because of this power plant pollution. 16



### Almost 2,300 Pennsylvanians had heart attacks 17



### brought on by the pollution. This State that I 18



### love so much offers its people the second worst 19



### mortality risk in the country attributable to 20



### power plant pollution. 21



### Of course, all this industrial carbon 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### pollution is damaging our earth, heating the air, 1



### the land, the water, and destabilizing the 2



### climate. 3



### Our children deserve clean air, so they 4



### can play outside without risking asthma attacks. 5



### Our elders deserve clean air, so they can liv e 6



### out their years in good health. 7



### Our Snowshoe Hares in Pennsylvania, also 8



### part of God's creation, deserve a secure future. 9



### The National Wildlife Federation calls the 10



### Snowshoe Hares the "polar bears of Pennsylvania," 11



### because their already declining numbe rs are 12



### signaling the arrival of climate change. 13



### Pennsylvania's beloved forests are 14



### threatened by global warming as warmer winters 15



### fail to kill off pest species and changing 16



### precipitation patterns stress our trees, the 17



### wildflowers, and the birds and other wildlife 18



### that depend on them. 19



### At one time, we simply didn't understand 20



### the long

- term consequences of our actions as we 21



### burned fossil fuels with abandon. We couldn't 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### have been faulted in the 1960s or '70s for 1



### building countless coal plants that belched 2



### en ormous quantities of industrial carbon 3



### pollution. 4



### But now we know better. We know this 5



### pollution is leading to global warming and we are 6



### understanding just how devastating it may be in 7



### the decades ahead. Morality compels us, 8



### therefore, to require a chan ge moving forward. 9



### This is why the faith community cares so 10



### deeply about this country's energy policies, such 11



### as the rule we are proposing today. 12



### The Center for the Celebration of 13



### Creation, on whose behalf I speak today, is an 14



### interfaith organization. 15



### I am personally a Christian, and I will 16



### quote Saint Paul, who tells us repeatedly in the 17



### New Testament that all things, all people belong 18



### to God. Our little babies in their mama's arms 19



### belong to God. Our Snowshoe Hares belong to God. 20



### The chronically disa bled elders with respiratory 21



### disease due to air pollution belong to God. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Our brook trout threatened by 1



### Pennsylvania's warming waters belong to God. 2



### This rule on which we comment today moves us to 3



### better protect the sacred and irreplaceable gift 4



### of creati on, which comes from and belongs to God. 5



### We need this rule. Amen. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 7



### MR. ORFF: Good afternoon . My name is 8



### Eric Orff E

- R

- I

- C, O

- R

- F

- F. I am from Epsom, New 9



### Hampshire. I am a certified wildlife biologist 10



### and currently work as a consultant to the 11



### National Wildlife Federation. I am also on the 12



### Fish and Game Commission. I serve on a voluntary 13



### board of 11 commissioners appointed by the 14



### Governor to oversee the Fish and Game Department 15



### in New Hampshire. 16



### I have had a four decade lon g career as 17



### a wildlife biologist serving over 31 years as a 18



### wildlife biologist in the New Hampshire Fish and 19



### Game Department until my retirement in June of 20



### 2007. 21



### I was the State's first black bear 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### biologist beginning in 1978, never having seen a 1



### bear in t he wild, and soon after came the fur 2



### bear biologist. In my lifetime of living 50 of 3



### my 62 years in New Hampshire, I have seen winter 4



### disappear. 5



### When my family moved from Maine to New 6



### Hampshire in 1962, I soon discovered a local 7



### marsh called Little Cohas Marsh, created by the 8



### Fish and Game Department in the 1950s to bolster 9



### the duck population. I also discovered wood duck 10



### nesting boxes placed there by the Department to 11



### bolster the nesting ducks. By 1965, I joined the 12



### local Fish and Game Club and convince d them to 13



### fund a project to allow me to build another dozen 14



### boxes to add to the marsh. 15



### I began to check them each winter. In 16



### fact, my parents had bought me snowshoes for 17



### Christmas in 1964, so I could travel to the marsh 18



### that I dearly loved in the deep sn ow. I 19



### regularly checked the boxes in the winter for the 20



### sign of ducks for years to come. 21



### By the middle of the 1980s, I also 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### became the Regional Wildlife Biologist, and one 1



### of my assigned duties was to check the duck boxes 2



### at Little Cohas Marsh. I was ac tually paid to do 3



### what I wanted to do most as a teen, imagine that. 4



### Here again the snow was deep, and 5



### through the 1980s I used a snow machine or 6



### snowshoes to hike the mile long marsh. By the 7



### mid

- 1990s, the snow was gone most winters, so we 8



### used a wheel A TV to get around the marshes. 9



### By the 2000s, the ice was not safe for 10



### me to use a machine on the ice. In fact, the 11



### last winter that I worked, the winter of 2007, I 12



### was supposed to check the duck boxes, but there 13



### was no ice in January, there was no ice in 14



### February or March, there was no ice that winter 15



### to check the duck nesting boxes. 16



### In three of the last five years, in 17



### fact, there has been little ice on Little Cohas 18



### Marsh. Winter has disappeared in Southern New 19



### Hampshire during my lifetime. The unusually warm 20



### winters have raised havoc also with our moose. 21



### These same two warm winters are killing off our 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### moose with spikes and moose winter ticks. The 1



### moose population has declined some 40 percent in 2



### the last six years from about 7,500 moose to now 3



### about 4,5 00 moose. 4



### In the meantime, the Fish and Game 5



### Department and the Commission, which I am a 6



### member of, has had to cut the moose hunting 7



### permits by some 60 percent. 8



### In my decade long observation of 9



### waterfowl populations, saw them migrating later 10



### as well. Co nsequently, duck hunters have 11



### demanded an adjustment of duck season and now our 12



### season runs until mid

- January where it used to be 13



### only in December. 14



### We have bears active all winter long, 15



### something not seen in the first two decades of my 16



### career. Imagine in somniac bears? 17



### The lack of snow and ice this past 18



### winter devastated New Hampshire's outdoor 19



### businesses. Ice fishing equipment sales were off 20



### some 60 percent based on the shop owners I have 21



### known for decades. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The local snow machine dealer in my 1



### town, the y were off over 50 percent. Carbon 2



### pollution is impacting much of New Hampshire's 3



### fish and wildlife, and the businesses that depend 4



### on them. 5



### I urge you to support and pass this 6



### regulation. 7



### Thank you very much. 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you and, as I said 9



### ea rlier, I really appreciate the distance that a 10



### lot of people have come to testify today. 11



### MR. ORFF: Thank you. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: The next two speakers are 13



### Jim Hoover and Rocky Sundquist. 14



### MR. HOOVER: I am Jimmy Hoover. I am a 15



### student at American Universi ty and also an intern 16



### at the Sierra Club, Maryland Chapter, based in 17



### College Park. 18



### I hadn't originally planned to speak 19



### today, but I knew I would regret not taking the 20



### opportunity to express my support for the new 21



### proposed standard for the EPA on carbon w ith new 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### power plants. 1



### I come to the hearing today I think as 2



### an ambassador of the younger generation in that 3



### while we have largely been sidestepped from this 4



### discussion of our nation's energy, I think that 5



### it is something that we need to participate in, 6



### b ecause it concerns us so largely. 7



### To elaborate on that, it is our 8



### generation and the ones that will come after us 9



### that will face the effects and the adverse risks 10



### that carbon pollution poses. 11



### It is our generation and the ones that 12



### come after us that will miss out, because of the 13



### negative effects that climate change will pose 14



### to, for instance, you know, the beloved species 15



### of my Rock Creek Park and its temperate 16



### environment. 17



### I think that, you know, with 40 percent 18



### of carbon pollution being attributed to t he power 19



### plant industries in this country, then, there is 20



### no better time to act with this legislation, and 21



### because simply for the fact that there are 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### alternative solutions already out there, and I 1



### think they need to be harnessed and we need to 2



### move past th is old and outdated and moreover 3



### harmful technologies and embrace the new. 4



### In closing I would like to thank the 5



### Environmental Protection Agency for having our 6



### best interests in heart with this new proposed 7



### carbon standard, and propelling us into a clean 8



### a nd healthier future. 9



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 10



### MR. SUNDQUIST: My name is Rocky 11



### Sundquist. That's S

- U

- N

- D

- Q

- U

- I

- S

- T. I recently 12



### came down from New York to campaign against 13



### climate change as that it's an actually really 14



### urgent problem. 15



### I mean the thing about climate change is 16



### it is often viewed as a really gradual process 17



### like there will be plenty of time to work on 18



### this, you know that we will have until 2100 19



### before things get out of hand. Even then, you 20



### know, what is a few degrees anyways. 21



### I want to t ell you a story that I read 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### recently in National Geographic. You know, this 1



### is legitimate, it is not something, it's not just 2



### hearsay, it is not just speculation. There are a 3



### number of myths surrounding global warming and 4



### climate change in general. 5



### One of them is that it is a natural 6



### cycle, that this is a natural cycle. Well, you 7



### know, I have a few things to say about natural 8



### cycles. 9



### The stories about the PETM, which is an 10



### acronym for the paleocene, eocene, thermal 11



### maximum, which happened 65 million ye ars ago, and 12



### it was after a long warming trend, such as the 13



### one that we have been experiencing, and what 14



### happened was there was a sudden spike of 15



### temperature over a very brief period of time, 16



### there was like a 9 Fahrenheit jump, and it 17



### resulted in like half of the species going 18



### extinct, all the ice caps melted, just complete 19



### destruction, acidification of the seas, complete 20



### annihilation, and, you know, I mean it took 21



### hundreds of thousands of years for the carbon 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### levels to come back down to reasonable standard

, 1



### the atmosphere is completely different, and, you 2



### know, we are on the brink of such a change, 3



### because it is not as if this is just, you know, 4



### going to, like we have all this time to do this. 5



### You know, there are several

-- the 6



### environment isn't really a d elicate balance, and 7



### there are a number of things that keep carbon in 8



### check, the sequestering of carbon is done in 9



### soil, and in the oceans, and by plants, but those 10



### are complicated processes. 11



### Another one of the myths is that the 12



### earth can withstand anythi ng we throw at it, but 13



### the fact is that plants don't always 14



### photosynthesize. 15



### Sometimes plants actually breathe like 16



### we do, they switch over to photorespiration 17



### during a drought, and they will produce carbon 18



### dioxide, and, you know, the ability of the sea, 19



### which is what absorbs most of the carbon dioxide 20



### out of the atmosphere, to sequester carbon, is 21



### dependent on the acidity of the sea, and as it 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### gets more acidic, it loses that ability, and, you 1



### know, agricultural methods are decreasing the 2



### amount of carbon absorbed by the soil, you know, 3



### because they are just not done very responsibly. 4



### In closing, I would like to draw 5



### attention to the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas where 6



### Shell is threatening to drill this week, and I 7



### would just like to point out that, you know, the 8



### leading theory as to what exactly happened during 9



### the PETM is that there was a sudden massive spike 10



### of methane caused by the melting of permafrost, 11



### which inundated the atmosphere. 12



### Currently, right now, in the Chukchi and 13



### East Siberian Seas, and also o ff the coast of

-- 14



### what is that island in Norway

-- well, there are 15



### a number of places where the methane deposits 16



### that have been frozen, the permafrost under the 17



### sea are melting, and it is happening right now, 18



### it is happening right now, and it is not like we 19



### have like a century to work on this. 20



### It's we are in the next PETM at the 21



### moment. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Thank you. Thank you for taking the 1



### stance, it is long overdue. 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you for 3



### taking the time to testify today. 4



### I just would like to follow up. For 5



### those of you who have joined us since we started 6



### at 1:00, if you have not signed up to speak, and 7



### want to, there are obviously still an opportunity 8



### to do so. so just see the people outside. 9



### Our next two speakers are George Mode 10



### and Gary Botzek. 11



### MR. MODE: Members of the panel, I hope 12



### you are having as much fun working on this 13



### terrific issue as I am. 14



### My name is Richard Mode. I am from 15



### Morganton, North Carolina. I have spent 40 years 16



### as a wildlife conservationist working with 17



### sportsmen. I have had the opportunity to serve 18



### in three major nonprofits that advocate for 19



### wildlife conservation. 20



### I had the opportunity to serve as 21



### volunteer leader and did from local chapter 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### president through national president and chairman 1



### of the board. I now serve as the s enior member 2



### of the North Carolina Wildlife Federation Board. 3



### I serve as affiliate representative to National 4



### Wildlife Federation. 5



### I have been blessed and pleased to 6



### receive all three organizations' most prestigious 7



### award. In 2007, I was presented with the 8



### Budweiser U.S. Fish & Wildlife Foundation, 9



### Budweiser Conservationist of the Year Award. 10



### The only reason I review that is because 11



### I have had an opportunity to work with hundreds 12



### of thousands of sportsmen across America. 13



### They, like me, are not couch po tatoes, 14



### they get outside. The ones that are as old as I 15



### am and my friend here have had an opportunity to 16



### see many, many years of change. It is the very 17



### nature of sportsmen and sportswomen and wildlife 18



### conservation is to observe changes in the natural 19



### wor ld. 20



### When you spend your time for a period of 21



### years, it is easy to see the impacts climate 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### change on that natural world. It is the 1



### consensus of the sportsmen and wildlife 2



### communities that wildlife habitats are changing 3



### and changing quickly. 4



### As a dedicate d trout angler, I have 5



### observed trout streams warming, streams that are 6



### marginally cold enough to sustain trout, are 7



### warming to a point that they will not sustain 8



### trout in the future. 9



### Cold water scientists predict that a 10



### very small temperature rise will r educe the range 11



### of Appalachian brook trout, which is North 12



### Carolina's only native salmonid, dramatically. 13



### For almost 40 years, my family's joy has 14



### been to go down east to Lake Phelps, which is a 15



### percosin lake. I have pictures of my 40

- year

- old 16



### son, who i s 230 pounds, when he was a little boy 17



### down there with fly rod in his hand. Basically, 18



### we go down there and wade fish for bass. We go 19



### the end of June because the water is warm enough 20



### to wade and warm enough for the kids to swim. 21



### We have been moving that trip up or back 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### earlier in the year for the last few years. Last 1



### year we went a month early. The water was too 2



### hot to wade comfortably. The bass had to leave 3



### their nesting areas and their areas of cover and 4



### go out to deep water in order to survive. We h ad 5



### to come to the house. 6



### As an avid duck hunter I have tracked 7



### duck migrations for 40 years. Basically, we hunt 8



### local ducks during the early part of the year 9



### during the early part of the season. They are 10



### wood ducks, and the wood ducks leaving for a 11



### whil e we had no ducks. 12



### Then, a glorious thing typically 13



### happens. The big migratory birds come in from up 14



### north. Last year they didn't come. It was the 15



### season that wasn't. 16



### The conservative estimates of sea level 17



### rise on the coast of Eastern North Carolina show 18



### that we are going to lose 1,500 square miles of 19



### prime esterine habitat. This is incredible 20



### wildlife habitat, and it also supports robust 21



### seafood nursery habitat and migratory bird 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### habitat. 1



### We currently have mercury advisories 2



### from the Great Smoky Mo untains to the Outer 3



### Banks. That is a drive that would take you 8 4



### hours. It's an atrocity that North Carolinians 5



### cannot eat the fish that they catch. 6



### Our loss of these special places and the 7



### special pursuits that we hold dear are somewhat 8



### self

- centered we admit, however, two and a 9



### quarter million North Carolinians hunt and fish 10



### and watch wildlife. We spend $2.6 billion a 11



### year. We create 46,000 jobs. We are an economic 12



### driver in the State, so what is good for 13



### sportsmen is good for North Carolina. 14



### Addi tionally, outdoor recreationally 15



### related tourism is a major economic driver in the 16



### State. This business relies on a robust natural 17



### resources base to attract visitors. 18



### I have two granddaughters and another 19



### one on the way. I want them to be able to 20



### experi ence North Carolina like I am. I don't 21



### want to be the butt of their children's jokes. I 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### don't want them to draw cartoons of us, of you 1



### and me and us, with our heads in the sand with 2



### captions saying something like "You had a chance 3



### to act and you didn't." 4



### The sportsmen wildlife community applaud 5



### the development of these carbon rules, welcome 6



### the mercury rules, and hope you will proceed with 7



### speed to implement these rules as the next step 8



### to protect wildlife habitats in our natural world 9



### from the worst imp acts of climate change. 10



### Furthermore, we encourage you, when this 11



### work is done, to address emissions from existing 12



### coal

- fired plants. 13



### Thank you. 14



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 15



### MR. BOTZEK: Thank you and good 16



### afternoon. It is an honor and a privilege to be 17



### h ere, number one, but even more so to sit next to 18



### my North Carolina friend. He is a good friend of 19



### mine, as you can see it's from the heart, and I 20



### am here to give you some more of that experience 21



### but from the Minnesota perspective. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### My name is Gary Botzek, and as I said, I 1



### appreciate the opportunity to come before this 2



### panel this afternoon. I am the executive 3



### director of the Minnesota Conservation 4



### Federation. That is located in St. Paul, 5



### Minnesota. Our membership is traditionally made 6



### up of local sportsm en's clubs. Like Richard 7



### explained, we have the same types of club 8



### memberships. We also allow individuals in 9



### statewide regional organizations to participate. 10



### Our members work every day. They hunt 11



### and fish by night and on weekends. They are blue 12



### collar , they are lawyers, they are professional 13



### people, but they love to get outside. That 14



### speaks for Minnesota. 15



### Minnesota is known for its lakes and our 16



### streams and rivers. We have over 12,000 lakes, 17



### 92,000 miles of shore land. Minnesotans love the 18



### out of d oors, and we live it year around. 19



### We love to hunt and fish just like the 20



### North Carolinians do. We bike and we hike. We 21



### eat, and we drink the waters of the great 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### outdoors. We enjoy our natural resources every 1



### day, however, our waters and our air are not as 2



### clean as they used to be, should be, or need to 3



### be. 4



### The Minnesota Department of Health 5



### actually puts out fish advisories through their 6



### web site, indicating mercury levels in fish in 7



### our lakes and streams. They state that eating 8



### fish is an excellent so urce of low fat protein. 9



### We all agree with that, but they go on 10



### to warn that some fish that contain contaminants, 11



### such as mercury, that can harm human health 12



### especially for children and fetuses. 13



### We have fish advisories for mercury in 14



### most of our lakes an d streams in Minnesota. That 15



### is not a good story. The mercury we have in our 16



### waters in Minnesota comes from power plants. It 17



### is not just power plants in Minnesota, but it is 18



### power plants in our surrounding states, it is 19



### power plants in Canada. 20



### This is a regional, this is a national, 21



### this is an international problem. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Our utilities in Minnesota are actually 1



### good guys in most cases. They have done an above 2



### average job of converting coal

- burning electrical 3



### generation plants to natural gas, and they are 4



### up grading their scrubber technology in the 5



### exhaust pipes. 6



### Minnesota is rich with wildlife and 7



### fish, as I mentioned. Many of our animal species 8



### like trout and moose are sensitive, you heard 9



### already, to temperature change. Milder winters 10



### in Minnesota, as we ll, are affecting the 11



### migration patterns of our wildlife both north and 12



### south, along the Mississippi byway, are affecting 13



### both ducks and loons, our State bird. 14



### The story of the moose population in 15



### Minnesota is not a pretty picture. Aerial photos 16



### that our Department of Natural Resources do show 17



### a decline of the moose in Minnesota in one area 18



### from over 8,000 to just over 4,000, a 50 percent 19



### reduction since 2006. 20



### In six years, we have lost half of our 21



### moose population. This is due to mild winters, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### as you h ave heard earlier, balmy springs, fall 1



### seasons require a moose to use more strength to 2



### cool themselves. 3



### The milder winters also allow parasites 4



### and ticks to survive the winters and do more 5



### damage on the native moose. We need normal 6



### colder winters. I nev er thought I would say 7



### that, but we need normal colder winters, not 8



### warmer ones assisted by climate change caused by 9



### fossil

- fueled power plants, factories, and 10



### automobiles. 11



### The Minnesota Conservation Federation 12



### supports the passage and implementation of t he 13



### legislation and the rules that you have in front 14



### of you today as it relates to reductions in 15



### greenhouse gas emissions. 16



### We are joined by many other conservation 17



### and environmental organizations in Minnesota, 18



### some of which are testifying in Chicago today, as 19



### well. 20



### I personally live next to the largest 21



### coal burning electrical generation plant in the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### State, called Sherco, Sherco 1, 2, and 3. Due to 1



### the wind movement in that part of the State, the 2



### pollution from that facility gravitates northeast 3



### to the Bou ndary Waters Canoe area. Most people 4



### know the Boundary Waters Canoe area and Voyageurs 5



### National Park. It is two our jewels in the 6



### Minnesota and National systems. 7



### This haze is a major concern to park 8



### users and to the general public. As I mentioned, 9



### Sherc o has got three smokestacks on this 10



### location, all full based, two of which are 11



### operational currently. 12



### The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 13



### and others are watching and keeping the pressure 14



### on the utility to do more in terms of 15



### retrofitting the plants wit h cleaner technology. 16



### This plant that I reference is an 17



### excellent example why it is so critical for the 18



### EPA to move to tackle emissions from existing 19



### coal

- fired plants. Strong new standards for new 20



### coal plants are the first step, but we are very 21



### proud to live and work in Minnesota. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Once we have our sporting teams back in 1



### shape, we will be at the perfect place once again 2



### to live and raise our kids and grand kids. 3



### However, we must continue to ask our businesses 4



### including our utilities to do a better job, do 5



### the best job that they can to improve the quality 6



### of our air and our waters. 7



### As rate payers, we are paying them to do 8



### the right thing. At the Minnesota conservation 9



### meetings that we hold, we open our meetings with 10



### a pledge that goes like this. I give my pledge 11



### as an American to save and faithfully defend from 12



### waste, the natural resources of my country, its 13



### air, soil, and minerals, its forests, waters, and 14



### wildlife. 15



### We, in Minnesota, try hard every day to 16



### practice what we preach or what we pledge. Th is 17



### proposed rule will go a long way in the correct 18



### direction of our pledge. 19



### Thank you and have a good afternoon. 20



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. Thank both of 21



### you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Our next two speakers are Sylvia 1



### Ridgeway and David Dittloff. 2



### While we are waiting to have bo th of 3



### them come up, I do want to take a minute to do a 4



### little bit of a commercial for a couple of our 5



### other rules. 6



### There has been some references to some 7



### of the conventional pollutants that come from 8



### power plants, mercury has come up a number of 9



### times. I want to note that we did recently pass 10



### the mercury and air toxics rule, that we are very 11



### hopeful will be significantly reducing mercury in 12



### the next several years from power plants. We 13



### will additionally probably get a lot of the other 14



### pollutants, the conv entional, not CO 2 

### , but a lot 15



### of the other conventionals. 16



### Go ahead. 17



### MS. RIDGEWAY: Good afternoon, members 18



### of the Environmental Protection Agency. I am 19



### Sylvia C. Ridgeway. That is S

- Y

- L

- V

- I

- A
, 20



### R

- I

- D

- G

- E

- W

- A

- Y. 21



### I am a resident of Huntington, West 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Virgin ia. My comments will focus today on the 1



### environment as it is in my State of West 2



### Virginia. 3



### West Virginia is known as the Mountain 4



### State with its beautiful healthy mountains, 5



### streams, and valleys. Yet, many are being 6



### destroyed by mountaintop mining. Wes t Virginia 7



### mining is important because coal production 8



### serves a great percentage of heating in this 9



### nation. 10



### Big mining companies resist EPA 11



### regulation that call for a cleaner coal 12



### processing, that which is safe for miners, and to 13



### the health of all who liv e near the mining 14



### operations. It appears that the important focus 15



### is profit rather than the health of West 16



### Virginians. 17



### A study done on communities affected by 18



### mountaintop mining on Cold River in Raleigh and 19



### Boone Counties, on a total of 409 people, and I n 20



### Pocahontas County on a total of 360, a non

- mining 21



### community. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### This revealed that cancer rates were 1



### higher in the mining community than in the 2



### non

- mining community. The cancer rate was higher 3



### in ways not explainable by age, gender, smoking, 4



### occupational exposure, or family history of 5



### cancer. 6



### On a personal level, my young son, who 7



### is now 47 years old

-- I know I look young

-- was 8



### diagnosed with chronic asthma before age 1. I 9



### was diagnosed with asthma only four years ago. 10



### To my knowledge, no one in our f amily 11



### was asthmatic, so the answer is possibly poor air 12



### quality due to chemical pollution. 13



### My son moved to California where smog is 14



### heavy, but to our family's surprise, he gets 15



### along just fine. It isn't until his plane 16



### touches down when he comes home for a visit that 17



### he begins to have asthma attacks and must use an 18



### inhaler, as I also do. 19



### Chronic diseases do not happen by 20



### accident. The fact is that America is hooked on 21



### coal and according to the executive summary of a 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### report titled "Coal

- blooded," that is , c

- o

- a

- l, 1



### putting profits before people. 2



### The coal

- blooded charts of that report 3



### revealed that of 10 coal plants that were studied 4



### in West Virginia, the John Amos plant, which is 5



### located in Winfield, received a failing plant 6



### grade of D

- plus because of the percentage of 7



### chemical emissions it causes. 8



### Needless to say, poor whites and people 9



### of color live near these power plants. 10



### Approximately 71 percent of African

- Americans 11



### live in areas in violation of air pollution 12



### standards. Race over income is the numb er one 13



### predictor of whether a person lives near a 14



### polluting facility. 15



### An African

- American making $50,000 a 16



### year is more likely to live in an area cited for 17



### air pollution than a white American making only 18



### $15,000 a year. 19



### Certain studies reveal that plant 20



### pollution emissions in the U.S. are responsible 21



### for 30,000 premature deaths, 7,000 asthma

- related 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### emergency room visits, and 18,000 cases of 1



### chronic bronchitis each year. 2



### Asthma affects African

- Americans at a 46 3



### percent higher rate of incidence than white 4



### Americans. In West Virginia, asthma is 5



### relatively high. The Marcellus Shale process, 6



### known as fracking, must not be overlooked. 7



### Fracking is responsible for gas leaks and water 8



### pollution that are causing people and animals to 9



### become sick, and is making it possible for some 10



### people to light their tap water on fire. 11



### Included as an addendum to my comments 12



### today are pictures which depict the dangers of 13



### contamination to people's well water supply. One 14



### picture shows an October 2009 cleanup of a coal 15



### sludge sp ill. Another reveals dark red water in 16



### a bathtub. It is this poisoned water by slurry 17



### that can cause skin rash, birth defects, cancers, 18



### hair loss, kidney problems, and more. 19



### To conclude, there is no doubt that the 20



### environmental issue must be resolved be tween the 21



### EPA and State legislature. Drilling permits need 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### to be awarded with caution based on the areas and 1



### degrees of drilling, cost to families, and enough 2



### EPA monitors to ensure that the process of mine 3



### and gas drilling are done properly and safely, s o 4



### that our air, water, and land in West Virginia 5



### and across this beautiful nation are protected 6



### against lung disease, cancer, and chronic 7



### conditions that cause insurance rates to 8



### skyrocket, hospitals to become overcrowded, and 9



### to ultimately reject the idea that profit is more 10



### important than the health of our citizens. 11



### Thank you for allowing me to speak. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 13



### MR. DITTLOFF: Good afternoon. My name 14



### is David Dittloff, D

- I

- T

- T

- L

- O

- F

- F. I am the 15



### regional representative for the National Wildlife 16



### Federation based out of our northern Rockies and 17



### Prairie's office in Montana. I don't know if 18



### that gives the longest distance to there or not, 19



### but we have our annual meeting in town last week, 20



### so I had to stay over to do this. 21



### I stand in support of these proposed 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### rules, and I want to start off a little bit. At 1



### the end of every year, I think back on the year, 2



### and one of my favorite days, and inevitably, they 3



### are me getting outside with my two girls. 4



### I want to talk a little bit, tell a 5



### story abou t one of those days. In Glacier Park, 6



### right next to the border of Canada, me and my two 7



### girls started, at Swift Current Ranger Station, 8



### and the one thing to remember about this day is 9



### it was hot, 100 degrees, right next to Canada, 10



### along the Continental Di vide. 11



### We proceeded to hike into Bullhead Lake, 12



### you know, Wilbur Mountain, Grinnell Mountain 13



### rising 3

- 4,000 feet above us on each side, kind 14



### of one of the very many needed breaks. My girls 15



### were maybe 8 and 10 at that time. 16



### We spotted some mountain goats on the 17



### mountainside and proceeded to get in to the lake 18



### four or five miles in, I forget exactly, and 19



### breaking out our fishing gear. The girls wanted 20



### to catch some trout, and I am all for that if 21



### they want to catch some trout. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### It was so hot we literally waded in to 1



### our chests. Luckily, there was kind of a gradual 2



### slant there right before the drop off, so it was 3



### ideal, you know, the trout are right after that 4



### drop off. 5



### Sure enough, during that day we caught 6



### some trout, and they were still at the age wher e 7



### dad takes the fish off the hooks, and I make sure 8



### that I showed them this trout, and coloration, 9



### and the beauty, and the fragility of this trout 10



### before I take it off, and we let those go that 11



### day. 12



### Maybe an hour or two into our fishing 13



### expedition, you kn ow, the biggest moose I have 14



### ever seen in my life strolls down obviously to 15



### get out of the heat, and this wasn't a big lake, 16



### so a little bit scary for a parent, but was far 17



### enough away and not showing any inclination, but 18



### we actually got to watch that moos e for two, 19



### three hours it stayed in that water. 20



### Later on, two deer literally came right 21



### down to the lakeside within 10 yards of us, and 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### at the time it was obvious because of the heat, 1



### but it made for an unbelievable day. 2



### You know, it is the kind of day a s a 3



### parent, you know, you want to connect your kids 4



### to something beautiful. My girls and my wife is, 5



### by heritage, Glacial Park is part of those 6



### ancestral grounds, so they got to connect to 7



### that, as well. 8



### It was a beautiful day, you know, God's 9



### grace was on us. It wasn't until we were 10



### actually driving back out to the camp site that 11



### we actually saw a plume of smoke rising from the 12



### forest, which turned into a major forest fire, 13



### and it got me thinking a little bit. This is 14



### before I worked for National Wildl ife Federation. 15



### This was such a great day, I will 16



### remember it the rest of my life, my kids will 17



### remember it the rest of their lives, but are we 18



### screwing this up. It was 100 degrees, right next 19



### to the Canadian border, along the Continental 20



### Divide, literal ly the switch backs going up to 21



### the Continental Divide, we are within 20 yards of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### where we were fishing. 1



### I just say that here, because I want to 2



### be able to protect for my kids' future and if 3



### they have kids moving forward, that they are able 4



### to experience those same things, and as a planet, 5



### we are screwing things up, and not allowing that 6



### kind of thing, and that is a travesty from a 7



### moral, ethical standpoint. America's natural 8



### heritage is something to be proud of, and we need 9



### to protect it. 10



### I looked a lit tle bit more into the 11



### science after that, and sure enough, Montana is 12



### heated up 2.3 degrees on average every year in 13



### the last 60 years. 14



### This was an August day. August 15



### precipitation has declined by 20 percent. What 16



### does that do with the critters that we saw and 17



### hooked that day? 18



### Trout are really a poster child in the 19



### Northern Rockies for climate change, and trout 20



### need cold water, clean water, and a lot of it, 21



### and climate change impacts all those things. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Obviously, the ambient air temperature being high 1



### i mpacts trout. 2



### The earlier runoff from the snow pack in 3



### the streams at least we were fishing on a lake 4



### that day, reduces the amount of water in the 5



### streams late in the season, so the amount of 6



### water is impacted there. 7



### Then, you look at the forest fires an d 8



### all the siltation that causes, that impacts clean 9



### air. So, that is how trout is impacted by 10



### climate change. 11



### You look at the moose. A couple of 12



### people have talked about moose already, I won't 13



### get into that, but the heat stressors there and 14



### the ticks as sociated with the mild winters are 15



### really ravaging moose populations in Minnesota 16



### and the Northeast. It is likely just a matter of 17



### time before they are headed to the Rocky 18



### Mountains with the same problems with moose. 19



### Mountain goats, another poster child. 20



### As temperatures increase, the mountain forests 21



### are creeping up slow, pinching off the Alpine 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### areas where mountain goats spend their time, and 1



### likely then bighorn sheep pikers are all going to 2



### be impacted. 3



### Then, obviously, Glacier Park is named 4



### after glac iers. They predict, now here the 5



### latest signs say within 10, probably at most 20 6



### years, Glacier Park will not have a glacier. 7



### That is a travesty, that is a heritage site for 8



### not just America, but the world. 9



### That being said here, there is a number 10



### of org anizations that are recognizing these 11



### concerns and these impacts to wildlife in our 12



### natural world that have jumped into this. The 13



### National Wildlife Federation for which I work is 14



### a key component of what we do. 15



### Other sportsmen groups created a Seasons 16



### End campaign basically, along the same thing, to 17



### educate sportsmen about the impacts of climate 18



### change, Trout Unlimited, Ducks Unlimited, 19



### Pheasants Forever all belong to that 20



### organization. 21



### The Wildlife Society, an organization of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### wildlife professionals has p ut out papers on it. 1



### You know, this is an important topic if we are 2



### going to protect our natural world for our 3



### children. 4



### It is not just kind of a recreational 5



### issue, it is not just a spiritual issue. It is 6



### more than that, the economics of a lot of areas 7



### are tied to the outdoor recreation. In Montana, 8



### that is one of the leading other than 9



### agriculture, it is the second leading economic 10



### driver in the State right now here. 11



### In the United States, just hunting, 12



### fishing, wildlife, viewing generates $122 billio n 13



### worth of expenditures each year. That is a 14



### significant component to our country's economy, 15



### and something that really meshes with our outdoor 16



### way of life that we have in many parts of it. 17



### That being said, I applaud the EPA for 18



### this proposal. It is a si gnificant step in the 19



### right direction. I think if we are really to 20



### tackle the problem, we might need to go after 21



### existing power plants and propose some kind of 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### standards there as well here, but this is a 1



### really good solid step, and I sure appreciate it. 2



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 3



### I am hoping you all indulge us on the 4



### panel if we take a quick five

- minute break for 5



### the sake of the three of us on the panel and our 6



### hard

- working court reporter over there. After 7



### that we will restart with Dylan Voorhees and Ben 8



### Yamagata. 9



### [Recess from 3:01 to 3:09 p.m.] 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: We are going to get 11



### started again. I know there is a lot of people 12



### who want to talk, and I know people have joined 13



### us since we walked through the directions, so we 14



### really are trying to limit peop le to five 15



### minutes. Like I said, there is a lot of people 16



### who want to talk, and we want to limit people to 17



### five minutes, so that everybody does get a 18



### chance. 19



### In that spirit, Dave is manning our 20



### lights, so what happens over here is they are 21



### green for your first four minutes, and David 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### doesn't start them until you start talking, and 1



### then in the last minute they turn yellow. At 2



### five minutes they will turn red and you will 3



### probably see me lean forward to the mike and try 4



### to find an opportune time to nudge yo u to quickly 5



### wrap up. 6



### So, with that reminder, we will resume 7



### our panel, and I think Laura will be back with us 8



### shortly, but let's just get started so we can 9



### hear as many people as possible. 10



### MR. EVANS: And then briefly remember to 11



### spell your name for the reporter. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. That's a good 13



### reminder. 14



### MR. VOORHEES: Good afternoon. My name 15



### is Dylan Voorhees, V

- O

- O

- R

- H

- E

- E

- S, and I am the 16



### clean energy director for the Natural Resources 17



### Council of Maine, which is a nonprofit membership 18



### organ ization founded in 1959 and dedicated to 19



### protecting, restoring, and conserving Maine's 20



### environment for now and for future generations, 21



### and we have over 12,000 members and activists 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### across the State. 1



### Improving air quality, promoting clean 2



### energy, and takin g actions to address climate 3



### change are high priorities for NRCM, because they 4



### are high priorities for Maine. 5



### The EPA has proposed carbon standards 6



### for power plants are essential to protecting 7



### Maine's people, and environment. Maine's 8



### environment is tied to our culture and our 9



### economy in unique ways, making it especially 10



### critical that we address climate change and power 11



### plant air pollution as quickly and as effectively 12



### as possible. 13



### So far, over 8,000 Maine people have 14



### commented to the EPA in support of th ese proposed 15



### standards, but that abstract figure kind of 16



### belies the fact that climate change is already 17



### negatively impacting real people in Maine, their 18



### lives and their livelihoods. 19



### Last week the EPA administrator for 20



### Region One came up to Maine and to pa rticipate in 21



### and listen to a panel of Maine leaders talk about 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### climate change, and I would like to share a few 1



### of their words, so you can have a sense of how 2



### much people in Maine have at stake. 3



### Harry Dwyer is a master logger and a 4



### forester from Fayette, M aine, and works in the 5



### woods for his own small forestry business. Harry 6



### doesn't earn a salary. His pay comes from the 7



### time he spends in the woods, log in the woods, 8



### and these are some of his words. 9



### I don't think climate change is a future 10



### problem, I thi nk we are in the midst of it right 11



### now, and I have been absorbing the economic costs 12



### of lost work time when heavy rain shuts us down 13



### or when we are waiting for the ground to freeze 14



### to start a logging job. 15



### Ten or 15 years ago no one had to worry 16



### about deer ticks in Central Maine. Now, I am 17



### picking ticks off hours after I get home. They 18



### just weren't here, because we used to have those 19



### cold winters that kept them at bay. 20



### I am a parent, and the world we hand off 21



### to our children matters more to me than the l ost 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### work time and the economic costs of these things. 1



### Our asthma rates, especially childhood asthma, 2



### are far higher than is morally or ethically 3



### defensible. 4



### If you have ever laid awake at night 5



### listening to your child struggle to breathe, had 6



### to go every where with an inhaler, wondering at 7



### what point you are going to head to the hospital, 8



### because inhaler and the nebulizer aren't helping, 9



### then, you will agree these rules are long 10



### overdue. 11



### Harry is one of the people caught in the 12



### crossfire of warming and po llution, a vulnerable 13



### spot that will only get worse. The impacts of 14



### the loss of traditional winter, declining habitat 15



### for industrial soft wood species and increased 16



### invasive pests pose an enormous threat to the 17



### forest products industry in Maine. On top o f 18



### that, his son is one of over 23,000 kids in Maine 19



### suffering from asthma. 20



### Indeed, these rules are important 21



### because they help us reduce the effect of climate 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### warming on smog formation, which fuels childhood 1



### asthma attacks and respiratory illness. 2



### Anothe r panelist last week was Dr. Peggy 3



### Pennoyer, an asthma specialist, says that as a 4



### specialist in asthma, I see the health effects of 5



### air pollution daily on children and adults. 6



### But what Dr. Pennoyer and many other 7



### physicians in Maine are really worried abo ut is 8



### the situation getting worse, and she cited a 9



### recent study that predicted 15,000 additional 10



### cases of serious respiratory illness in Maine by 11



### 2020 if warming continues. 12



### So, by advancing these standards along 13



### with the other air safeguard standards from 14



### mercury and soot and others, EPA is holding 15



### polluters accountable and protecting Maine 16



### families and others. 17



### Our marine environment is also essential 18



### to our large commercial fishing sector, a $375 19



### million lobster and shell fishing industry, and 20



### the acidif ication of the oceans is an existential 21



### threat to these sectors of our economy. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### We congratulate and applaud the EPA for 1



### these standards for new power plants, but it is 2



### also even essential that standards for existing 3



### power plants come next. That is the pe ople of 4



### Maine need in order to preserve our way of life 5



### in a natural resource

- based economy. 6



### In fact, Maine and other northeastern 7



### states have already taken action to limit carbon 8



### pollution from existing power plants through the 9



### innovative and highly succ essful regional 10



### greenhouse gas initiative. 11



### Because of the way that program is 12



### designed, independent assessments have shown that 13



### Maine's economy will see a net benefit of $92 14



### million as a direct result, but Maine cannot 15



### solve this problem alone. We are do wn wind of 16



### many power plants that need to be addressed. 17



### The power plants we build today are, of 18



### course, the existing power plants of the future, 19



### that our children will inherit for 30 to 40 years 20



### to come. 21



### My 6

- year

- old daughter asked me this 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### week why I wa s traveling to Washington, D.C., and 1



### she has only a vague sense of what I do, so she 2



### said, "Are you going there to clean the air, 3



### daddy?" 4



### "Yes, I am trying," I answered, "But to 5



### do that, I have to persuade our leaders to make 6



### sure that we have less pollut ion," and so that is 7



### why I am here, on her behalf, on behalf of the 8



### members of NRCM and the people of Maine support 9



### these rules and insist that we have strong carbon 10



### pollution standards from here on out. 11



### Thank you very much. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 13



### MR . YAMAGATA: On behalf of the 14



### membership of the Coal Utilization and Research 15



### Council, CURC, I want to thank you for the 16



### opportunity to present these comments. 17



### My name is Ben Yamagata, 18



### Y

- A

- M

- A

- G

- A

- T

- A. CURC is a coalition of research 19



### universities, electr ic utility associations, coal 20



### producers, major U.S. utilities that use coal, 21



### and major equipment suppliers of combustion and 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### gasification platform systems, as well as 1



### pollution control equipment. A list of our 2



### membership can be found on our web site. 3



### It is in the context of technology 4



### development that I am here to provide these 5



### comments. I do not profess any expertise in 6



### environmental law generally, nor the statutory 7



### regulatory requirements of the Clean Air Act 8



### specifically. 9



### As an organization focused o n technology 10



### and what is required to develop and deploy clean 11



### coal

- based technologies, I must tell you that the 12



### proposed regulations will not drive the adoption 13



### of carbon capture and storage, and unfortunately, 14



### at least in my view, would simply turn the na tion 15



### away from a richly abundant low cost domestic 16



### energy resource. 17



### I have four points i would like to make. 18



### First, the proposed single performance standard 19



### for all power plants based on emission rates 20



### achievable only by the fuel with the lowest 21



### emission s is troubling. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### In the absence of proven carbon capture 1



### and storage or carbon capture and utilization 2



### storage, the rule is functionally equivalent, I 3



### think, to a requirement that natural gas is the 4



### sole available control technology. 5



### Adoption of the regul ations as proposed 6



### simply means the nation cannot continue to enjoy 7



### the energy and economic benefits which are 8



### distinctively a part of the coal

- based power 9



### system. 10



### You seem to ignore, I think, these 11



### energy and cost benefits shown to be achievable 12



### with coa l by citing to the EIA, including the 13



### natural gas is the abundant domestic resource 14



### cost less than coal and thus, there will be no 15



### new coal bills for the next several decades 16



### anyway. 17



### Somehow by this rationale, this results 18



### in no harm, no fowl. If EPA gen erally believes 19



### that the rule contains no environmental benefit, 20



### and no change in electric power decisionmaking, 21



### why are you proposing the standard in the first 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### place. 1



### Second, the proposed alternative 2



### compliance plan is predicated on a completely 3



### unrealis tic view that businesses will invest 4



### hundreds of millions, or more likely, several 5



### billions of dollars in a power plant betting that 6



### after 10 years of operation, or sooner, 7



### commercial CCS technology will be available and 8



### cost effective for retrofit install ation. 9



### Research and development programs and a 10



### number of first generation demonstration 11



### projects, which I might add have significant 12



### public support, are trying to develop and 13



### demonstrate CCS and CCS U.S. technology, let the 14



### process underway run its course

. 15



### Compounding the lack of proven CO 2 16



### capture technology or unresolved technical, 17



### legal, and regulatory issues concerning carbon 18



### dioxide storage options. 19



### Third, the agency's contention that this 20



### proposed rule is actually a technology driver for 21



### the adopti on of CCS is wrong. The agency seems 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### to argue that if coal is chosen to fuel a power 1



### plant, and there exists a CCS requirement, then, 2



### the regulation will actually drive development 3



### for adoption of the technology. 4



### That might occur if the technology were 5



### c ommercially mature and other less costly fuel 6



### options were not available. Neither of these 7



### circumstances exist. 8



### Fourth, assuming you have a desire, as 9



### we do, to effectively develop and deploy CCS 10



### technology, there are better ways to make steady 11



### progress to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from 12



### coal. We have three immediate positive steps 13



### forward. 14



### First, adopt a stringent but 15



### technologically achievable efficiency standard 16



### for new coal fields, just as you have proposed 17



### for natural gas fuel power plants. 18



### S econd, if we are seeking

-- and I state 19



### again I believe that we all should be seeking

-- 20



### a realistic balance to achieve CO 2 

### emission 21



### reductions, because you yourself admit that no 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### environmental benefits are forthcoming from this 1



### rule, then, revisit these s tandards in 8 years 2



### when you are obligated to review NSPS and examine 3



### then the technology progress being made. 4



### Third, let the Clean Air Act operate to 5



### drive CCS technologies by recognizing that there 6



### are coal

- based CCS demonstrations underway, and 7



### we beli eve many will become operational. 8



### Once demonstrated and commercially 9



### proven, the existing case

- by

- case procedure to 10



### determine best available control technology 11



### should effectively distinguish whether a 12



### particular coal field power plant can reliably 13



### and rea sonable and cost effectively capture CO 2 14



### and store or use it. 15



### Thanks very much for your attention. 16



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you, thank both of 17



### you, and I assume that your comments will go into 18



### some detail about what you think alternative 19



### appropriate level wo uld be

-- 20



### MR. YAMAGATA: We have an intention to 21



### submitting formal statements by the 25th. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MR. CULLIGAN: Great. Thank you. 1



### MR. EVANS: Also, on the EIA 2



### characterization of relative fuel prices, that is 3



### something that you have

-- 4



### MR. YAMAGATA: As wel l, we would be 5



### happy to do that. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Our next two speakers are 7



### Jenny Kordick and Joan Picone. 8



### MS. KORDICK: Hi. My name is Jenny 9



### Kordick, but I am actually going to be reading 10



### the testimony of a colleague Joel Gay of the New 11



### Mexico Wildlife F ederation who couldn't be here 12



### today. His name is Joel Gay, G

- A

- Y. 13



### My name is Joel Gay and I am the 14



### communications director for the New Mexico 15



### Wildlife Federation, which represents thousands 16



### of conservation minded New Mexico hunters, 17



### anglers, and others who care about wildlife and 18



### habitat. 19



### I am also an avid hunter and fisherman 20



### myself. I am here today to ask the Environmental 21



### Protection Agency to protect our nation's 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### wildlife habitat by standing up for clean air and 1



### clean water that our wild game requir es to 2



### thrive. 3



### Hunters and anglers in this country have 4



### always promoted the protection of our wildlife 5



### resources. A century ago, it was sportsmen like 6



### Aldo Leopold, founder of the New Mexico Wildlife 7



### Federation, who calls for a conservative harvest 8



### limit on fish and game. No more commercial 9



### harvest of game birds and animals, and strong law 10



### enforcement to protect game species like 11



### antelope, elk, and turkey that have been 12



### exacerbated in New Mexico and other States. 13



### Thanks to those farsighted sportsmen, 14



### our game populations have recovered and in some 15



### cases are booming. 16



### Today, the threat to wildlife is not 17



### from overharvesting, but from overheating. The 18



### science is irrefutable that as the climate 19



### changes due to increasing levels of greenhouse 20



### gases, average t emperatures will rise, and 21



### precipitation will be increasingly erratic. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Those two factors work together to 1



### affect wildlife and, by extension, sportsmen. 2



### Last week I went fishing on Columbine 3



### Creek in Northern New Mexico, hoping to find 4



### native Rio Grande c utthroat trout. In many 5



### States, the trout streams are big enough that 6



### trout can find deep pools of cold water to help 7



### them survive if temperatures rise, but in New 8



### Mexico, we often fish in streams like the 9



### Columbine that are less than a foot deep. 10



### If tem peratures continue to rise, trout 11



### and trout fishing on many streams in New Mexico 12



### will simply disappear. 13



### Earlier this spring I hunted for turkeys 14



### in the Sacramento mountains in Southeast New 15



### Mexico. They had a record snowfall early in the 16



### winter, followe d by a drought, and then early 17



### runoff. There are almost no water in canyons and 18



### almost no birds. 19



### Wildlife in our region can withstand 20



### flood and drought, but climate change is creating 21



### even bigger swings in precipitation that makes 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the future of hunting f or birds like turkey and 1



### quail questionable. 2



### Likewise, bigger animals that thrive in 3



### so

- called Sky Island of the Southwest, that can't 4



### migrate north, will have nowhere to go as 5



### temperatures rise. 6



### Many hunters already see the effect of a 7



### warming planet, a s waterfowl migration and the 8



### rut season for elk, deer, and others occur later 9



### than they have historically. 10



### I am asking the EPA to take quick 11



### actions of these pollution standards for new 12



### power plants and to begin to rein the pollution 13



### from existing power plants. 14



### We need the EPA to protect our air and 15



### water, which ultimately will protect our 16



### wildlife, protect our outdoor heritage from the 17



### worst effects of a warming world. 18



### Sincerely, Joel Gay who lives in 19



### Albuquerque, New Mexico. 20



### Thank you. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MS. PICONE: Good afternoon. My nam e is 1



### Joan Picone. It's J

- O

- A

- N, P

- I

- C

- O

- N

- E. I am a 2



### life

- long resident of Canton, Ohio, and work in 3



### the community of Stark and Summit Counties on 4



### behalf of the National Wildlife Federation's 5



### Clean Air Def ense Campaign. 6



### Professionally, I have worked in 7



### business and public health. Today, I want to 8



### address the importance of the proposed carbon 9



### pollution standards for new power plants. 10



### According to the American Lung 11



### Association's 2012 State of the Air repor t, Stark 12



### and Summit Counties, my home base, have a 13



### combined population of roughly 917,367 residents. 14



### Moreover, they estimate that half of this 15



### population, 456,364, are at greater health risk 16



### from air pollution due to an existing diagnosis 17



### of asthma, chron ic bronchitis, emphysema, 18



### emphysema, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. 19



### The Lung Association's report released 20



### just this past april gave Stark and Summit 21



### Counties failing grades of F for ozone levels, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### while Stark received a poor grade of D and Summit 1



### a failing grade of F for 24

- hour particle 2



### pollution levels. Recognizing that Ohio is 3



### considered one of the dirtiest polluting States, 4



### I would like to highlight what impact that has on 5



### the lives of two Ohioans. 6



### Recently, I learned that a dear 7



### childhood frie nd Pattie has been suffering from 8



### emphysema and COPD for some time. She is 9



### frequently on oxygen, but going outdoors, 10



### particularly during ozone alert days can be fatal 11



### to her. 12



### She is a grandmother, so enjoying play 13



### time with her grand kids outdoors is no longer an 14



### option. 15



### In another incident, I have been in 16



### communication with a mother, Nicole, whose son 17



### was diagnosed with pediatric asthma, and receives 18



### ongoing weekly treatments in the Akron area. 19



### Sadly, his doctor now recommends that her child 20



### wear a mou th mask when venturing outdoors for any 21



### length of time. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### In both cases, simply stepping outdoors 1



### creates breathing risks for these individuals 2



### given the existence of unhealthy polluted air. 3



### The National Wildlife Federation's 2007 4



### Gardeners Guide points ou t that global warming 5



### has increased northern Ohio temperatures 4 6



### degrees Fahrenheit over the last decade. For 7



### residents living in this region, winter of this 8



### year 2011

- 2012 was the warmest in 140 years 9



### according to the National Weather Service weather 10



### rec ord. 11



### We know that with warming temperatures, 12



### the threat of health issues including 13



### heat

- related death, illnesses, and the spread of 14



### infectious diseases become real possibilities. 15



### With the rise of diabetes, in all age 16



### categories including youth, heat is a troublesome 17



### factor and can be life threatening for this 18



### at

- risk group. My mother lived 36 years with 19



### diabetes, so I know firsthand how her body 20



### reacted to the rise of smog

- related temperatures. 21



### Venturing outdoors during very warm days 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### was limiting for h er particularly as she aged, 1



### however, the rise in outdoor temperatures and 2



### living without air conditioning created a medical 3



### challenge. 4



### Heat lessens one's desire to eat, and 5



### this was true for my mother, who was insulin 6



### dependent. Often this combination w ould send her 7



### body into a severe insulin reaction state, 8



### weakening her quality of life. 9



### Now, imagine our youth of today dealing 10



### with diabetes and going through similar health 11



### circumstances simply because the climate is 12



### warming at the hands of polluters. 13



### Ohioans, along with the nation, continue 14



### to be exposed to air pollution levels that are 15



### dangerous to our health. The proposed EPA carbon 16



### pollution standards for new power plants are 17



### another and first step in the right direction, 18



### and one the National Wildl ife Federation and I 19



### fully support. 20



### Thank you for your time. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Our next two speakers are Carol Oldham 1



### and David Ellenberger. 2



### MS. OLDHAM: Good afternoon. My name is 3



### Carol Oldham, and I live in Brookline, 4



### Massachusetts. I am th e National Wildlife 5



### Federation's Northeast Regional Coordinator. I 6



### am here on behalf of more than 500,000 members 7



### and supporters of the National Wildlife 8



### Federation in the Northeast. 9



### I am also an elected representative in 10



### Brookline. 11



### The town of Brooklin e and the State of 12



### Massachusetts have made strong commitments to 13



### decrease their carbon emissions because they 14



### represent a clear danger to human health in the 15



### natural world. 16



### I personally have made every effort in 17



### my individual life to decrease my impacts, and I 18



### have dedicated my career to helping others do so, 19



### as well. 20



### I love to get outdoors to do almost 21



### anything, but this last winter I had no chance to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### go skiing or snowshoeing. The Northeast had 1



### practically no winter at all. This year was the 2



### earliest r ecorded ice out on the lake in New 3



### Hampshire where my grandmother's cabin is, and it 4



### was almost a month earlier than last year. 5



### I found a tick on me when I was hiking 6



### in March, and who knows what the heat is going to 7



### be like this summer. I love wildlife and I worry 8



### about our moose as Eric Orff and several of my 9



### other colleagues have mentioned, they are 10



### suffering from increased tick populations. 11



### Some of my favorite animals like lynx 12



### thrive in areas with cold winters, and are having 13



### a hard time as our weat her is already warming. 14



### This why carbon pollution needs to be controlled. 15



### It is bad for our health, and it is bad for our 16



### wildlife. 17



### I applaud the Environmental Protection 18



### Agency's work to control carbon pollution, and I 19



### strongly encourage you to move fo rward with this 20



### important rule. I also encourage you to look at 21



### controlling carbon pollution from existing power 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### plants. 1



### Thank you for your time and the 2



### opportunity to speak to you today. 3



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 4



### MR. ELLENBERGER: Good afternoon. Tha nk 5



### you for the opportunity to testify in strong 6



### support of EPA's rules to cut carbon dioxide 7



### pollution on future coal

- fired power plants. 8



### My name is David Ellenberger. I am a 9



### regional outreach coordinator with the National 10



### Wildlife Federation based in Bo ulder, Colorado. 11



### Being born and raised in the 12



### Intermountain West has instilled in me an abiding 13



### love of nature, wildlife, and unique recreational 14



### opportunities supported in the great outdoors of 15



### my beloved Rocky Mountains. 16



### Needless to say, when I moved t o 17



### Colorado from Montana nearly a year ago, I was 18



### excited to experience some of the legendary 19



### downhill skiing that the State has to offer and 20



### that they often brag about. 21



### Before I had even moved to my new home, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I went on line to purchase what is called an e pic 1



### ski pass, offering unlimited ski access to the 2



### famed mountains of Bail, Beaver Creek, Keystone, 3



### Breckinridge, and Arapahoe Basin. 4



### Unfortunately, my first ski season in 5



### Colorado turned out to be something less 6



### pedantic. The season limped to a start wi th a 7



### later opening in most places and on very limited 8



### terrains than many are accustomed to out west. 9



### My friends just kept telling me wait 10



### until March, that's our biggest snow month. I 11



### waited patiently, but March on the front range 12



### was ultimately defined by unseasonably warm 13



### temperatures and nearly zero precipitation, only 14



### 0.01 inches of precipitation was recorded on the 15



### front range during the month of March, making it 16



### the driest March since recordkeeping began, and 17



### towards the end of the month, a wildfire blew out 18



### of control southwest of Denver, killing three 19



### people and torching thousands of acres of wild 20



### lands. 21



### Ski season ended in a whimper and by 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### mid

- April many of the resorts were showing more 1



### bare ground than snow and hardly managing to stay 2



### open until their usual closing dates. Apparently 3



### this, as Carol mentioned, was not limited to the 4



### Colorado Rockies as the Denver Post reported that 5



### the 2011

- 12 ski season will forever rank as one 6



### of the ugliest ever. 7



### The record levels indicate coast to 8



### coast, acr oss the country, average snowfall in 9



### ski areas was down 41 percent, marking yet 10



### another record low in the last 20 years. Half 11



### the country's resorts opened late with man

- made 12



### snow and closed early in sweltering March, ski 13



### area temperatures reaching into th e '80s. 14



### The ski industry in Colorado is the 15



### major economic driver for the State, and while 16



### likely some will say that 2012 was an anomaly 17



### after a few good years of winter snow packs in 18



### the Rockies, the reports from climate scientists 19



### seem to concur that th e future of the 20



### Intermountain West will be hotter and much drier, 21



### more similar to 2012 than not. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Indeed, the recent Washington Post 1



### article in early May confirmed that in 2012, that 2



### the U.S. just completed the warmest 12

- months 3



### period in 117 years, furthe r stating that 4



### although the contortions of the jet stream 5



### established the unusually warm weather patterns, 6



### the intensity and persistence of the warmth 7



### compared to the past is very likely related to 8



### the elevated greenhouse gas concentrations in 9



### atmosphere f rom human activities. 10



### The unfortunate demise of my first ski 11



### season in Colorado pales in light of a predicted 12



### habit of an increasingly warming climate in the 13



### West, increased wildfires, prolonged drought, and 14



### water scarcity, regional dieoffs of numerous 15



### su sceptible plant and animal species and numerous 16



### other maladies that can unravel the very fabric 17



### of western landscapes. 18



### I thought EPA's new proposal to cut 19



### carbon dioxide emissions from future power plants 20



### that will reduce heat trapping emissions by an 21



### est imated 123 billion pounds of carbon pollution 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### annually compared with the business as usual 1



### model. 2



### In my opinion, these rules are very long 3



### overdue and need to be finished this year, as 4



### well as immediately followed by similar rules to 5



### cut our limit in carb on pollution from existing 6



### coal

- fired power plants in this country. 7



### Thank you very much for the opportunity 8



### to testify today and long live winter. 9



### MS. STRINE: Thanks, Dave, I feel your 10



### pain. 11



### MR. CULLIGAN: Our next two speakers are 12



### Frank Szollosi and S arah Mullkoff. 13



### MR. SZOLLOSI: Good afternoon. My name 14



### is Frank Szollosi, S

- Z

- O

- L

- L

- O

- S

- I. I am a 15



### regional outreach coordinator working at National 16



### Wildlife Federation's Great Lake office in Ann 17



### Arbor, Michigan. 18



### I live in Toledo, Ohio. Our regional 19



### off ice works very closely with Deputy 20



### Administrator Cameron Davis on Great Lakes 21



### compact issues, and obviously, the Great Lakes 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### restoration project, which we want to thank the 1



### EPA for their leadership on, representing 2



### hundreds of thousands of members in Great Lakes 3



### states as part of the National Wildlife 4



### Federation. 5



### The threat that climate change poses to 6



### the Great Lakes is real, is already occurring, 7



### and is destructive to wildlife fisheries, 8



### habitat, and is disruptive and costly to human 9



### systems, such as agr iculture, tourism, real 10



### estate, transportation, infrastructure just to 11



### name a few. 12



### Lake Superior is among the fastest 13



### warming lakes in the world. Evaporation 14



### increases snow and precipitation costing cities 15



### more money in snow removal and impacts from 16



### loca lized flooding. 17



### Without ice cover in the winter, lake 18



### levels decrease, hurting property values along 19



### the shore and requiring vast expensive new 20



### capital expenditures. 21



### Warmer water also expands the species, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### such as the warm water loving agent carp, and 1



### wit hout the ice, winter wave activity destroys 2



### eggs of false spotting native fish species 3



### critical to the Great Lakes economy and our 4



### heritage. 5



### It is important to know that Superior 6



### feeds the other Great Lakes and water levels in 7



### Lake Michigan and Lake Huron may drop as much as 8



### 4 1/2 feet in our lifetime, impacting ground 9



### water for communities, as aquifer levels and 10



### recharge rates drop. 11



### Tourism, shipping, and agriculture, as I 12



### mentioned, are also uniquely vulnerable to 13



### climate disruptions. Michigan cherry h arvest is 14



### down this year 80 percent as a result of the 15



### abnormally warm winter and hard freeze. Michigan 16



### produces three

- quarters of all U.S. tart cherries 17



### and for the first time in their history, the 18



### Michigan cherry businesses are importing cherries 19



### from P oland and South America. 20



### Apples and peaches have also been 21



### adversely impacted. Jobs are lost, $190 million 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### in business profit have been lost just this 1



### season, and for small family

- run businesses in 2



### small towns in Northern Michigan that have been 3



### in the s ame hands for generations it is 4



### devastating. 5



### Last week, the Michigan legislature 6



### passed a resolution asking President Obama and 7



### the Secretary of Agriculture for Federal disaster 8



### aid. These types of climate disruptions are 9



### going to cost more in the future without sensible 10



### regulations, such as the carbon pollution 11



### standard. 12



### Water shortages in other regions of the 13



### country will increase the threat of Great Lakes 14



### water diversion. Western governors are already 15



### publicly talking about building pipelines from 16



### the Great Lakes into the Great Plains in the 17



### Southwest and fortunately, the Ohio Senate just 18



### passed a bill weakening resolutions or weakening 19



### protections against increased water diversions 20



### from the Great Lakes. It's a crime. 21



### With that said, it is clear that Great 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Lakes takes themselves, bear considerable 1



### responsibility for these impacts. Midwest 2



### Utilities are responsible for the greatest share 3



### of carbon pollution in the United States. 4



### Michigan is ranked 12th as far as carbon 5



### emissions from the electric pow er sector. 6



### Illinois is 6th, Pennsylvania 4th, and my state 7



### Ohio is behind only Texas in CO 2 

### emissions from 8



### the electric power sector. 88.9 percent of our 9



### electric generation is coal fired in Ohio. When 10



### we don't mine coal in Ohio, we have to report 11



### that, and it costs us money. We send our income 12



### to places like West Virginia and Montana and 13



### other States. 14



### In fact, there are more jobs associated 15



### with renewable energy in Ohio then there is with 16



### coal. In our State, like many States, have done 17



### a good job of creating incentives on the supply 18



### side for renewable energy. 19



### Unfortunately, our States are not doing 20



### enough on the demand side, and that is what 21



### regulations, such as carbon pollution standard 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### does in that it acknowledges the externalities 1



### associated with fossil fuels. 2



### A gentleman who spoke a moment ago 3



### perpetuates this myth of low cost coal. That 4



### argument demonstrates an ignorance of the 5



### well

- established externalities that fossil fuels 6



### -- using fossil fuels in our energy system. 7



### It is an argument that w e have heard 8



### before. In the mid

- 1990s, big tobacco spent 9



### millions to undermine well

- established science 10



### and to block regulations that the Clinton 11



### Administration was pursuing to regulate tobacco. 12



### Big oil and big coal are adopting the 13



### same methods to try t o undermine science and 14



### block regulations that will save lives and where 15



### the benefits will far outweigh the costs. 16



### In conclusion, I will sum up. These 17



### clean air standards create jobs by driving growth 18



### in cleaner forms of energy. We need the carbon 19



### pollu tion standard not only for new power plants, 20



### but also for existing fossil fuel power plants. 21



### It is time for public policy to catch up with 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### established science and economic analysis, and it 1



### is time to stand up for this in future 2



### generations. 3



### Thank you. 4



### M R. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 5



### MS. MULLKOFF: Good afternoon and thank 6



### you for the opportunity to speak today. My name 7



### is Sarah Mullkoff, that is M

- U

- L

- L

- K

- O

- F

- F. I 8



### hail from the State of Michigan where I have 9



### lived my entire life, and I work out of the Great 10



### Lakes Office also for the National Wildlife 11



### Federation and with a network called RE

- AMP, 12



### collectively working on energy and climate 13



### campaign. 14



### I carry a strong identity with where I 15



### come from. The place trademarks by its precious 16



### natural resources like t he cleanest and freshest 17



### Great Lakes speeches, pristine forest and ripe 18



### agricultural layout. 19



### It is also the home to fresh and locally 20



### grown cherry pies and peach cobblers, a family 21



### pastime that summer has never forgotten. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### It is part of my outdoor heritag e in 1



### enjoying the States and marked by a third under 2



### my fingernails, I continue to invest considerable 3



### time into the lands intending to

-- my homestead 4



### style garden plot at my house and two community 5



### garden plots in the neighborhood, always helping 6



### out my boyfriend's 4

- acre farm in the City of 7



### Detroit. 8



### In addition, I volunteer at our 9



### community food bank, the Greater Lansing food 10



### bank, which currently covers the three counties 11



### in the center of the State, Ingham, Eaton and 12



### Clinton Counties on food distributi on programs, 13



### food gathering programs for various gardening 14



### programs. 15



### One of those entitled the garden project 16



### has a program which rescues excess edible produce 17



### and crops from Michigan State University in the 18



### area farmers access excess crops, and distribut es 19



### to a vast network of recipients throughout the 20



### greater Lansing area. 21



### Many of those include traditional 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Michigan crops such as apples, peaches, cherries, 1



### and other berry fruit trees. This year, as 2



### others have mentioned, extreme weather has hit 3



### more sev erely than ever before, and Michigan's 4



### crops are severely adversely affected. 5



### Well, the gleaners program I just 6



### mentioned usually collects 250

- to 350,000 pounds 7



### of produce from the tricounty area, and this 8



### season it will be diminished to 150,000 pounds. 9



### That is half as much as they are able to collect 10



### in excess produce meaning thousands of people 11



### less served. 12



### The string of weather events including 13



### the unseasonably warm weather in March, switching 14



### drastically until late April freeze, a 15



### significant source in Michigan fruit crop, and 16



### once fruit trees started to come out of their 17



### dormancy with the warmer winter, jumpstarted in 18



### March, and they prematurely bloomed, and with 19



### overnight freezes late into April, the 20



### vulnerability at such a young age stunted the 21



### re st of their development and ability to bear 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### fruit later in the summer. 1



### The lack of crop inevitably will have 2



### tremendous impacts on farmers, business markets, 3



### and work throughout the remainder of the season. 4



### According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture

, 5



### damages extreme weather events are accounting for 6



### $223.5 million lost with highest declines 7



### pointing to 90 percent apple, 90 percent sweet 8



### cherry, and 95 percent peach loss. 9



### The loss of our trees and bizarre 10



### weather impacts are not just an anomaly this 11



### year. The warmer and wetter weather this year 12



### emphasizes that there are increased levels of 13



### carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and it will 14



### continue to exacerbate if not adequately 15



### addressed. 16



### Cumulative impacts of climate change 17



### causing air pollution, spec ifically those 18



### released from coal

- burning smokestacks, are going 19



### to continue to result in higher average 20



### temperatures in cases of extreme weather, thus 21



### continuing to adversely affect our agriculture. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### In the proposed new standard, the new 1



### source solution s tandard takes an important step 2



### to alleviate these concerns for the future. I 3



### strongly support this as a measure to ensure the 4



### power plants must reduce their carbon pollution 5



### by using sound and advanced technology. This 6



### proven process will provide assuran ce to the 7



### carbon limits, so it will not have an adverse 8



### effect on our economy. 9



### It is critical that the EPA commit to 10



### finalize and publish the carbon rule this year, 11



### and it is equally important that the EPA take 12



### additional steps to tackle emissions from it s 13



### 15

- pole fire power plant to continue to decrease 14



### the nation's greenhouse gas emissions. 15



### These steps will ensure that important 16



### decisions on clean air are set in place, 17



### preventing future harmful impacts. Earlier this 18



### month, we planted 100 fruit trees at the farm in 19



### Detroit including apples, pears, cherry, paw

- paw, 20



### and chestnuts. Fortunately, we missed the blight 21



### that affected the aforementioned trees an earlier 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### spring. 1



### I see this orchard and their early 2



### blossoms, apple blossoms are starting to come 3



### out , and symbolic toward the future. 4



### As long as the EPA makes the right 5



### decisions today to set strong standards on air 6



### pollution, and finalizes the rule this year, the 7



### trees will have a healthy atmosphere, to grow 8



### strong into the future and we will be able t o 9



### harvest ample packs of produce for decades to 10



### come. 11



### Thank you for hearing my comments. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both or you. 13



### Frank, you had mentioned in your 14



### comments the statistic about Ohio having more 15



### jobs in renewables than in coal. I assume 16



### National Wildlife will probably submit more 17



### detailed comments. That would be a very useful 18



### thing to elaborate on if you have got more 19



### detail. 20



### MR. SZOLLOSI: I will give it to you. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Our next two speakers are Richard Cizik 1



### and Paul McAll ister. 2



### REV. CIZIK: Good afternoon. Richard 3



### Cizik is spelled C

- I

- Z

- I

- K, and I am president of 4



### The New Evangelical Partnership for the Common 5



### Good and served for 28 years with the National 6



### Association of Evangelicals, the last 10 as the 7



### vice president for Governmental Affairs. 8



### I speak today not just with the new 9



### evangelicals, but as an evangelical Presbyterian 10



### minister and an activist in Virginia who has also 11



### been on the Virginia Climate Commission that was 12



### selected by former Governor Tim Kaine, and an 13



### ad visory member to the Virginia Interfaith Power 14



### & Light and the Interfaith action group, so there 15



### you have it, my Virginia credentials, great State 16



### of Virginia. 17



### I speak most importantly, though, as a 18



### father and the parent of a son, two teenage sons, 19



### in fac t, one of whom turned 19 yesterday, but 7 20



### years ago, he was, well, waking up in the morning 21



### struggling to breathe, and so much so that I 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### frankly panicked and wondered what in the world 1



### had happened. He has been suffering bronchial 2



### problems, but I had no i dea. 3



### Well, we took him to the doctor 4



### immediately. He was diagnosed with a serious case 5



### of asthma, and he still has it today. He is a 6



### strapping 6 foot 4 young man with a bright 7



### future, but he has asthma, and will carry, as I 8



### heard testified here by others , an inhaler with 9



### him the rest of his life. 10



### Our family has thus come to know 11



### firsthand the impacts that come from pollutants 12



### and toxins in the environment. It wasn't always 13



### so. I was among those evangelicals who said, 14



### well, the environment and these con cerns are for 15



### someone else, not for us. 16



### I was somewhat aware intellectually of 17



### these industrial pollutants in the air, but had 18



### no idea how they would be and were at the very 19



### time impacting me, that is, until I was asked by 20



### the Environmental Working Group to participated 21



### in what was called the Human Toxome Project. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### In so doing, according to the project's 1



### final report, I became, quote, "One of only a 2



### small number of people in the world that know a 3



### portion of my personal body burden of industrial 4



### chemicals c alled the human toxome," one of 25 in 5



### the United States so tested. 6



### The result is that I can speak to you 7



### today as someone, testify to you as someone who 8



### has industrial chemicals, plasticizers, flame 9



### retardants, teflon chemicals, and heavy metals 10



### that are present in my body. In fact, I have 11



### bearing levels of 39 of 84 industrial compounds, 12



### pollutants, and other chemicals tested including 13



### chemicals linked to reproductive health problems. 14



### No wonder my wife and I experienced infertility 15



### for 10 years. 16



### I was te sted for mercury and 17



### methylmercury, so I applaud you today for the 18



### actions you have taken to restrict the emission 19



### of mercury from our nation's coal

- burning utility 20



### plants, and I urge you to act further, not just 21



### with this rule, on new plants, that is, new 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### electric utility plants, coal

- burning electric 1



### utility plants, but also on those in the future. 2



### Why? Because, well, I have high levels 3



### of mercury in my body. In fact, I am in the 87 4



### percentile, only 13 percent higher mercury 5



### levels, and what the Nation al Academy of Science 6



### says is that, well, there are mercury

- driven 7



### risks for immune disorders and cardiovascular 8



### diseases. 9



### We know that science is only now 10



### beginning to study the health impacts of chronic 11



### exposure to chemical mixtures. In genetics, 12



### timin g and dose all play a role, but let's face 13



### it, what we have in this country are hundreds of 14



### thousands, daresay millions of people who have 15



### exposure to the same kinds of toxins that I have 16



### in my body, that they don't even know about, no 17



### idea. 18



### So, I applaud you today for this first 19



### ever national industrial carbon pollution 20



### standard that will help reduce the effects of 21



### climate change that worsens smog and trigger 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### asthma attacks, such as my son had, and other 1



### health consequences such as the cardiovascular 2



### and respiratory problems that men and women my 3



### age have. 4



### We all know our nation's air quality can 5



### be cleaned up, but no industry that pollutes it 6



### with toxic chemicals or carbon emissions in my 7



### opinion should be permitted to profit at the 8



### expense of public hea lth. It's that simple. 9



### More and more children, like my son, the 10



### elderly and baby boomers like myself will 11



### experience increasing life

- threatening illnesses 12



### if those in Congress who care, by the way, those 13



### who among others say climate change is the 14



### greates t hoax ever perpetrated, this is a joke, 15



### my friends, and it is a lie

-- if, that is, if 16



### these folks continue to protect themselves and 17



### their own campaign coffers and stymie your 18



### efforts, so I say, as a Presbyterian preacher and 19



### as someone who has been call ed by God to speak on 20



### these issues without any financial support or 21



### remuneration from environmental groups, I do it 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### because of my conviction, biblical convictions as 1



### an evangelical that we have to be stewards of 2



### God's creation. 3



### I will finally close by say ing that when 4



### we die

-- I say it to all the groups I speak to 5



### -- God will not ask us how old the earth is, 6



### whether it was created in six days, or six 7



### billion years, he will instead say, as he should, 8



### "What did you do to be a steward of that which I 9



### gave yo u?" 10



### Thank you very much. It is my pleasure 11



### to be here. 12



### REV. McALLISTER: My name is Paul 13



### McAllister. I am a member of the Virginia 14



### Interfaith Power & Light group of Richmond, 15



### Virginia, that Richard has just spoken about. I 16



### am also a member of the Prin ce William County 17



### Ministerial Association. I am currently in my 18



### first term as a member of the Business Leadership 19



### and Resource Committee of the Church of God 20



### headquartered in Anderson, Indiana. 21



### Furthermore, I was encouraged to share 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### with the Committee th at I am not only a minister, 1



### was ordained, with pastoral experience for nearly 2



### 20 years, but I am also an engineer of 22 years 3



### having done consulting with Fortune 100 and also 4



### the Federal Government for at least 22 years. 5



### I am also speaking from a scienti fic 6



### perspective. I want to mention and will present 7



### to the Committee at a future date, a review 8



### article that was published by the Journal of 9



### Toxicology just this year. 10



### It is entitled, "The Adverse Effects of 11



### Air Pollution on the Nervous System," and it i s a 12



### thorough peer reviewed article that is worthy of 13



### this Committee's interest and consideration as it 14



### lists over 200 references regarding this issue, 15



### which fundamentally justifies and substantiates 16



### everything that has been said here today. 17



### I want to voic e my support for you and 18



### the Obama Administration as it seeks to maintain 19



### a fair and balanced clear air standards approach 20



### to improve public health and protect future 21



### generations from air pollution. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I am alarmed by the callous 1



### insensitivity that many indi viduals seem to have 2



### towards power plant regulation. I am alarmed for 3



### the following reasons. 4



### First, we should not wish to live in a 5



### fledgling nation where there is a deficit of 6



### clean breathing air for some, particularly those 7



### who are either very young or senior citizens or 8



### those who are most vulnerable based on other 9



### medical conditions. 10



### Second, we should not continue to build 11



### a culture that devalues the abundant gift of 12



### healthy living at any cost simply to financially 13



### benefit any public or private enterp rise. As our 14



### brothers and sisters keepers, we owe much more to 15



### one another. 16



### In his recent book, George Soros, the 17



### billionaire and economist in financial turmoil, 18



### he argues that proponents for the efficient 19



### market hypothesis sincerely believed that if the 20



### government would leave industry to its own 21



### devices, industry would always assure the optimum 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### allocation of resources and well

- being of 1



### humanity. 2



### However, this type of thinking, free 3



### from regulatory oversight such as what you are 4



### proposing today, eventual ly led to a global 5



### financial crisis from which our nation, even our 6



### world is yet to recover. 7



### The parallels of this fiscal crisis to 8



### the issue at hand are quite obvious. While 9



### financial restitution to those adversely impacted 10



### by unavoidable catastrophes, natural disasters, 11



### and such, is indisputably our sense of moral duty 12



### to one another as citizens, there is no price of 13



### restitution that can atone for the robbery of 14



### another person's health and physical well

- being 15



### if coal

- fueled power plants are inadequately 16



### regulated. 17



### Robust regulatory measures that lead to 18



### cleaner and safer air quality and removal of 19



### unsafe pollutants from the atmosphere, may be 20



### controversial to some, but I can think of no 21



### better way to strengthen our economic prospects 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### as a nation than to insist upon social equity via 1



### clean air throughout all of our towns and cities 2



### and communities. 3



### In closing, persons who attend church 4



### services are very familiar with Psalm 24, Verses 5



### 1 and 2, where David says, "The earth is the 6



### Lord's and the fullness th ereof, the world and 7



### they that dwell therein, for he hath founded it 8



### upon the seas and established it upon the 9



### floods." 10



### When viewed through the lens of Genesis 11



### Chapter 1, Verse 28: which says that we should 12



### be fruitful and multiply and have dominion over 13



### the earth, it truly begs the question who is 14



### mankind to de

- establish and demolish the earth 15



### rather than protect it in the interest of all as 16



### an enjoyable habitation. 17



### Our stewardship of the earth extends 18



### outward from our desire for independence and 19



### freedo m toward everyone we know and also to those 20



### whom we do not know, and so with the hope and 21



### belief that we are bonded together in common 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### cause toward life, health, and prosperity, I 1



### encourage, applaud, congratulate the EPA's 2



### efforts to strengthen power plant standards and 3



### to reduce carbon dioxide emissions on behalf of 4



### billions of Americans or millions of Americans in 5



### this country and hopefully, the impact of this 6



### standard will be global in its impact as well. 7



### Thank you. 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: Excuse me. Richard, you 9



### had mentioned the tested mercury levels, the 10



### toxin testing that you had done, on the mercury 11



### levels, did they do any

-- did they try to figure 12



### out what the source was? Like did you grow up a 13



### big fish eater, or did the study look at that? 14



### MR. CIZIK: No. To the question, in the 15



### project, the Human Toxome project ascertained the 16



### origins of the mercury, not to my knowledge, but 17



### they gave me levels of both methyl mercury and 18



### mercury. 19



### Interestingly enough, my levels were 20



### lower than that which have been es tablished for 21



### impacting parts per billion, the infant in the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### womb, lower than that, but nonetheless, 1



### significantly high enough to experience 2



### respiratory and other consequences. 3



### So, in closing, to answer your question, 4



### no, but we do know that the evangelic als in 5



### particular, myself and others, have been speaking 6



### out on the impacts of mercury upon the unborn, 7



### and it is simply an outrage that anybody in 8



### Congress could call them themself a pro

- lifer and 9



### tolerate this. But thank you for your question. 10



### MR. CULL IGAN: Thank you. 11



### Our next two speakers are Molly Rauch 12



### and Lisa Van Susteren. 13



### MS. RAUCH: Good afternoon . I am Molly 14



### Rauch. M

- O

- L

- L

- Y, R

- A

- U

- C

- H. I live in 15



### Washington, D.C. I am speaking today as a 16



### representative of Mom's Clean Air Force, as a 17



### publi c health professional, and as a mom. 18



### My daughter turned 9 just yesterday, and 19



### I have two boys, ages 6 and 4. I am grateful for 20



### the opportunity to speak with you today in 21



### support of EPA's proposed carbon rules. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Mom's Clean Air Force is a community of 1



### mom s united by concern over the effects of air 2



### pollution on our children. We read the health 3



### research on air pollution, and we have learned a 4



### lot about the health effects of breathing dirty 5



### air. 6



### We know that in its many forms, air 7



### pollution has been linked to the major health 8



### problems of our time. We see that asthma attacks, 9



### heart attacks, heart disease, stroke, lung 10



### cancer, premature death, emergency room visits, 11



### hospital admissions, all of these health problems 12



### have been linked to air pollution. 13



### Many of t hese problems harm our children 14



### in particular. We, at Mom's Clean Air Force, 15



### think that is unacceptable. I have with me in my 16



### red wagon and wish to submit the comments of more 17



### than 8,000 members of Mom's Clean Air Force in 18



### support of the proposed carbon pollution 19



### standard. 20



### These moms, dads, and grandparents know 21



### that protecting our children means preventing 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### pollution. Carbon pollution is disrupting our 1



### planet's climate, causing temperatures to rise. 2



### These rising temperatures increase formation of 3



### groun d level ozone or smog, which triggers 4



### asthma. 5



### This is just one of the many health 6



### impacts that people will endure in a warming 7



### world. After reviewing a massive volume of 8



### research by leading climate scientists on smog 9



### formation and other climate impacts, EPA found 10



### that carbon pollution is a health threat for 11



### Americans. 12



### I am here to assert that carbon 13



### pollution is a health threat especially for our 14



### children. Just last year I was personally 15



### affected by air pollution. I developed wheezing 16



### and respiratory s ymptoms and started using an 17



### inhaler and other medications. 18



### I noticed that my symptoms are worse on 19



### days when the air quality around Washington, D.C. 20



### is poor. Doctors and scientists know that the 21



### high smog and particle pollution levels we have 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### here in D.C . and around the country can harm our 1



### lungs and trigger asthma attacks. 2



### Because of my wheezing, I exercise less, 3



### I spend less time outside with my children, and, 4



### of course, I am very concerned about what 5



### pollution is doing to my children's lungs and 6



### wheth er they will develop asthma symptoms, too. 7



### But I have it easy, very, very easy. I 8



### want to tell you about Rachel Lameyer Murphy. 9



### She has two children with asthma, she lives in 10



### Massachusetts, where wind currents carry 11



### pollutants from power plants, many of which are 12



### in other states, into her community, forming 13



### smog. 14



### Her daughter Mia has such severe asthma 15



### that last year the blood vessels in her eyes 16



### burst from how hard she was coughing. Mia 17



### regularly has to take five

- day courses of 18



### steroids for her asthma , which cause nightmares, 19



### outbursts, and uncontrollable tears. 20



### Rachel says, and I quote, "Cleaning up 21



### air pollution from coal

- fired power plants would 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### have a tremendous impact on my children's 1



### health." 2



### Or the story of Chandra Baldwin Woods, 3



### whose son Jov ante had a severe asthma attack 4



### almost two years ago at home in Ohio, and died at 5



### age 16. He was one of the more than 3,000 people 6



### who die of asthma every year. 7



### Jovante was an athlete who had suffered 8



### from asthma since he was a baby. His sudden 9



### attack, which led to his death, is a horror to 10



### contemplate. Chandra says, and I quote, "Air 11



### pollution causes asthma attacks and cuts short 12



### the lives of those we love most." 13



### Our blog is full of these stories, 14



### stories from Chandra, Rachel, and so many others. 15



### We need to do everything we can to prevent 16



### children like Jovante from dying, to prevent 17



### Mia's next severe asthma attack, to prevent the 18



### damage smog causes inside my children's lungs. 19



### Reducing carbon pollution is a critical 20



### step toward protecting their health

. 21



### Our electric utilities claim, as you 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### have heard today, that they have given us cheap 1



### electricity, but for Jovante's mom, it could not 2



### have been more expensive. 3



### Moms have a lot of experience cleaning 4



### up messes. We know that most children won't 5



### clean up their messes on their own, and neither 6



### will our power plants. 7



### Our children deserve a well

- regulated 8



### electric power industry that produces electricity 9



### from clean sources without destabilizing the 10



### climate, increasing smog levels, and the 11



### associated respir atory health problems, and 12



### causing other grave health effects of global 13



### warming. 14



### It is EPA's job to set the rules that 15



### will give us the clean and safe power industry 16



### that all Americans and especially our children 17



### deserve. 18



### Please finalize the carbon pollu tion 19



### rule for the sakes of our children. 20



### Thank you for your time. 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you, and you can, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### if you don't mind, you can drop off the comments 1



### at the registration desk. 2



### DR. VAN SUSTEREN: Lisa Van Susteren. 3



### That's V

- A

- N S

- U

- S

- T

- E

- R

- E

- N. I a m with 4



### the Center for Health and the Global Environment 5



### at Harvard Medical School. 6



### You have spent the last hours hearing 7



### about sea level rise, wildfires, storms, heat 8



### waves, droughts that turn lands to dust, and 9



### perhaps about climate refugees desperate, l eaving 10



### their homes barefoot and hungry to go to new 11



### places that can't help them and don't want them. 12



### I am a doctor, a psychiatrist. Should 13



### the EPA write an enforced policy to reduce our 14



### dead carbon emissions? Civilization is standing 15



### on the track, the t rain is coming. Should we get 16



### off the track? We have enshrouded ourselves in a 17



### world of pretense, really, going about our 18



### business, celebrating holidays, traveling to and 19



### from. We are not safe, and we are in denial 20



### about this. 21



### As a physician, I assure you of the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### physical toll, famine, the spread of infectious 1



### diseases, new deadly diseases, cancers, 2



### respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular problems, 3



### the statistics are there. 4



### As a psychiatrist, the psychological 5



### toll, the cumulative effect on our psyches of 6



### storm after storm, our world burning drought, 7



### now, and with mounting frequency, we will be 8



### riddled with anxieties, insecurities, our 9



### children frightened, those of us in the trenches 10



### in despair. 11



### When posttraumatic stress disorder is no 12



### longer something th e military alone confronts, 13



### but that the populace, as a whole, knows only too 14



### well, who will take care of us? 15



### The CIA, the Pentagon have said climate 16



### change is a bigger threat to our national 17



### security than terrorism. We will be guilt 18



### ridden, furious at o ur leaders for their 19



### inaction, profoundly depressed, watching species 20



### disappear and our world lying in anguish. 21



### What will this do to us? How will we 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### look in the eyes of the world? We will be 1



### pariahs. Where will we be safe? As a former 2



### psychological pr ofiler for the Central 3



### Intelligence Agency, I fear gravely for our 4



### democratic way of life. 5



### In times of peril, conflict and 6



### scarcity, people turn to what they perceive as 7



### strong leaders to protect them. People are 8



### willing to give up their freedoms in exch ange for 9



### perceived security. Heaven help us from the 10



### tyrants who may be unleashed upon us. 11



### Fight with all your hearts to save us 12



### from ourselves. Hear the anguished urgent cry, 13



### this is the 11th hour. 14



### Thank you. 15



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 16



### Our last speak er on the list that I have 17



### at this point is Lisa Jacobson. 18



### MS. JACOBSON: Good afternoon. Lisa 19



### Jacobson. J

- A

- C

- O

- B

- S

- O

- N. Thank you for the 20



### opportunity to participate in this public hearing 21



### today. My name is Lisa Jacobson, and I am the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### president of the Business Council for Sustainable 1



### Energy. 2



### The Council is a coalition of companies 3



### and trade associations from the energy 4



### efficiency, natural gas and renewable energy 5



### sectors. 6



### Our coalition also includes independent 7



### electric power producers, investor

- o wned 8



### utilities, public power, commercial end users, 9



### and project developers and service providers for 10



### environmental markets. 11



### The Council was founded in 1992 and 12



### advocates for policies that increase the use of 13



### commercially available clean energy technologie s, 14



### products, and services. 15



### Our diverse business membership is 16



### united around the revitalization of our economy 17



### and the creation of a secure and stable energy 18



### future for America. I would like to share five 19



### points with you this afternoon. 20



### First, the Busine ss Council for 21



### Sustainable Energy believes that energy 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### efficiency, renewable energy, and natural gas 1



### will be able to help our nation reduce emissions, 2



### grow the economy, create jobs, and strengthen our 3



### energy system in addition to being cost 4



### effective, comp liance options. 5



### Second, we support the science 6



### underpinning the greenhouse gas endangerment 7



### finding and EPA's continued use of Section 111 to 8



### the Clean Air Act to regulate greenhouse gas 9



### emissions. 10



### That said, we believe the optimal policy 11



### for regulating greenhouse emissions is for 12



### Congress to enact a comprehensive market

- based 13



### program that allows for flexibility and cost 14



### effective emission reductions including the use 15



### of carbon offsets. 16



### Third, in evaluating EPA's proposal, we 17



### applaud the agency for adopt ing an output based 18



### approach. As we communicated to EPA in past 19



### comments, the Council has long supported the 20



### development and use of output

- based emissions 21



### regulations as effective ways to enhance air 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### quality and encourage cost effective and 1



### efficient emis sion reductions. 2



### The best way to limit emissions and to 3



### drive technological innovation is to ask 4



### facilities to produce more useful output per unit 5



### of pollution. 6



### Fourth, building on the positive step 7



### for energy efficiency, EPA has the opportunity in 8



### the c arbon pollution standard to encourage clean 9



### and efficient combined heat and power and waste 10



### heat recovery. 11



### The proposal asks for comments 12



### specifically on CHP. We are working with our 13



### members to suggest ways that EPA could better 14



### account for, and encourag e, useful heat output 15



### from CHP units to help comply with the proposed 16



### 1,000 pounds per CO 2 

### per megawatt hour standard. 17



### There are also possibilities to credit 18



### on

- site use of CHP generated electricity with 19



### avoided line losses which can be quite high at 20



### time s of peak demand. 21



### Today, in the EPA public hearing in 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Chicago on the proposed standard, BCSE board 1



### member recycled energy development is speaking on 2



### these exact issues, and we urge you to take its 3



### recommendations into consideration. 4



### Finally, over the pas t two years, there 5



### have been discussions on how EPA might guide the 6



### States in regulating existing sources through 7



### this NSPS. The Business Council for Sustainable 8



### Energy urges you to keep this in mind in 9



### finalizing the carbon pollution standard for new 10



### sou rces and devising the Federal guidelines that 11



### States must follow in their plans to cover 12



### existing power plants under Section 111(d). 13



### The Business Council for Sustainable 14



### Energy supports an approach that allows States 15



### and tribes to show achievement of equi valence 16



### with prospective Federal Clean Air Act Section 17



### 111(d) requirements through their own and 18



### cooperative regional climate, clean energy, and 19



### energy efficiency programs and policies. 20



### To that end, EPA should establish the 21



### minimum stringency States must meet, but allow 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### States the flexibility to achieve greater 1



### reductions. For example, flexible market

- based 2



### programs that allow for carbon offsets and 3



### emissions trading can drive down emissions at 4



### lower cost and encourage overperformance with 5



### reduction targe ts. 6



### These are complicated issues, but it is 7



### central that facilities not face double 8



### regulation and that existing programs that work 9



### are allowed to continue achieving emissions' 10



### reductions at low cost while spurring clean 11



### energy development. 12



### Again, thank you for the opportunity to 13



### speak with you today. The Council is working 14



### with its members in the coming months to submit 15



### full written comments on the proposed standards, 16



### and we look forward to working with EPA as this 17



### process moves forward. 18



### MR. CULLIGAN: It sounds like you are 19



### likely to submit some pretty detailed comments on 20



### how we might be able to encourage more CHP. 21



### Certainly, the more detail you can get into on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### how you think it works, the more detail you can 1



### get into on helping us understand how it w ould 2



### work and why it would work would be certainly 3



### helpful. 4



### MS. JACOBSON: We are going to be 5



### striving for that, and also there are a set of 6



### other organizations that are focused specifically 7



### on CHP and waste heat recovery, and I know they 8



### will be submitti ng comments as well. 9



### MR. CULLIGAN: Great. 10



### MR. EVANS: The other thing I have is 11



### that point about the output basis. To the extent 12



### that you can speak to this particular regulation 13



### when you provide your comments regarding that 14



### perspective of your organiza tion. 15



### MS. JACOBSON: We would be happy to. 16



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 17



### Our next two speakers are Jim Dougherty 18



### and Christina Elles. 19



### MS. ELLES: Christina

, 20



### C

- H

- R

- I

- S

- T

- I

- N

- A
, Elles, E

- L

- L

- E

- S. I want to 21



### thank you for allowing me to testify today. I 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### know you have been sitting in this room for a 1



### couple of hours, and it's a long day, lots of 2



### folks talking about the importance of the 3



### standards, but I want to reiterate the fact that 4



### I hope that you are finding this day, as long as 5



### it might be inside, as inspi rational and moving 6



### as I have found it. 7



### This is one of two hearings and I know 8



### that there are millions of Americans who support 9



### carbon standards who cannot be here today. I 10



### want to talk a little bit. I am an outreach 11



### associate for the Union of Concerned Scientists, 12



### and we had some of our experts testify earlier 13



### today, but I want to reiterate that despite 14



### whether your a scientist, you are an economist, 15



### or health expert, millions of Americans support 16



### these standards and want to see climate action. 17



### UCS had collected over 55,000 comments 18



### in support of the carbon standards, and we have 19



### seen an overwhelming response to this action 20



### alert. I just found out today that our carbon 21



### petition web site is the number one web site on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### our entire web site, which is big. 1



### Out of all the web pages on our entire 2



### site, people, the number one click that they are 3



### going to is to submit a comment to EPA, and that 4



### was very touching to hear and find out today. 5



### A couple of weeks ago UCS had a 6



### conference call for our entire network, and over 7



### 1,200 people RSVP'd to learn more about the 8



### carbon pollution standards, and EPA's very own 9



### Gina McCarthy was on that call, and hundreds of 10



### UCS activists and experts joined to learn more 11



### about the carbon standards. 12



### I think what was most touching t o me was 13



### after the fact, we got a few e

- mails from folks 14



### who were so happy to hear from EPA officials and 15



### also from Heather Zichal from the White House, to 16



### learn that our Federal Government is actually 17



### taking action and steps to protect our health and 18



### our environment from climate change. 19



### I just wanted to pass that along that 20



### people are very excited to see this happen. 21



### Last week, UCS had an event for young 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### scientists, and as I was standing around with 1



### these folks who are newly minted Ph.D.'s, newly 2



### minted Masters of Science, and all sorts of 3



### backgrounds, some of them were baffled when I 4



### told that we are not taking steps to actually 5



### limit carbon pollution. 6



### Many of us inside the beltway know that 7



### the climate bill failed, that we haven't taken 8



### yet steps, but the fact that we do not yet have 9



### limits on industrial power plants that are 10



### emitting carbon pollution, their jaws dropped to 11



### the floor. 12



### Immediately, as I said that, I passed 13



### out comment postcards, and they all signed them, 14



### they all took stacks home with t hem to pass them 15



### out to their friends and to their coworkers, and 16



### there is just this overwhelming sense that we 17



### need to get this done. 18



### The polls have showed that Americans 19



### want the EPA to protect our health and to protect 20



### the health of their children from carbon 21



### pollution, and we know that it is not just the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### polls, but now with the overwhelming support from 1



### the comments, that this is to be true, I hope 2



### that the EPA will take steps to not only reduce 3



### carbon pollution from new sources, but also from 4



### existing sources, and again I thank you for your 5



### time today. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 7



### MR. DOUGHERTY: Good afternoon. My name 8



### is Jim Dougherty. I am a member of the Board of 9



### Directors of the Sierra Club. On behalf of the 10



### club and its 1.3 million members and supporters, 11



### I am here to express strong support for the 12



### proposed regulations. 13



### In an effort to minimize my carbon 14



### footprint, I bicycled over here. The summer has 15



### already begun apparently. 16



### Let me read from my prepared statement, 17



### if I may. The science bef ore us is conclusive. 18



### Climate change is real, it is happening, and it 19



### presents enormous threats to our way of life as a 20



### sign of well

- being. 21



### A warmer world will mean more extreme 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### weather, damage via wildfires to our private 1



### property and public lands, wate r shortages and 2



### the associated reduced crop yields, and increase 3



### in pest populations and a higher prevalence of 4



### insect

- spread diseases, and intensified 5



### precipitation events, such as hurricanes, storm 6



### surges, and flooding. 7



### Additionally, doctors and nurses tell us 8



### that as temperatures rise, so will the instances 9



### of smog

- induced asthma and a respiratory illness. 10



### In areas like my home here in D.C., where a 11



### disproportionately high number of children suffer 12



### from asthma, a warmer planet means reduced public 13



### heal th, more lives lost, and an increased burden 14



### on our already strapped health care service 15



### program. 16



### It will also hurt our economy by costing 17



### us billions of dollars in damages. As the 18



### Supreme Court recognized in the case of 19



### Massachusetts V. EPA, greenhouse gases are 20



### pollutants that threaten public health and the 21



### environment. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### But it is one thing to recognize a 1



### problem and it is another to address it. It has 2



### now been five years since the decision in Mass V. 3



### EPA, and it is high time that EPA move forward as 4



### i t is now doing to reduce carbon pollution and to 5



### hold industrial polluters accountable for the 6



### carbon pollution they spew into our air. 7



### Let this be the end of the era in which 8



### big polluters are given a free pass to poison our 9



### communities, and let it repre sent a new beginning 10



### for American innovation and clean energy 11



### production. 12



### As EPA is well aware, the United States 13



### emits more carbon pollution per capita than any 14



### developed country. This must change. The 15



### automotive and truck fuel economy standards 16



### propos ed by EPA represent an important first step 17



### toward a clean energy future. 18



### A vital second step is the regulation 19



### that we consider today. These regulations must 20



### be promulgated promptly. 21



### Let me close on a personal note. I 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### worked for the agency in the '70s and the '80s 1



### and the '90s, so I had first hand involvement in 2



### EPA's efforts to roll out the major environmental 3



### initiatives in our country's history including 4



### the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Hazardous 5



### Waste Control, and the rest. 6



### Not once in 40 years has EPA ever 7



### proposed a regulatory program that subsequently 8



### was judged by the American people to have been 9



### too expensive or onerous or to have gone too far. 10



### The industry lobbied in every case. 11



### They said, oh, catalytic converters will make 12



### automobiles u naffordable, stack gas scrubbers 13



### will double the cost of electricity, hazardous 14



### waste management will create backlogs, and all of 15



### it was bull. 16



### In fact, the lesson that we took away 17



### from all of these examples was that we didn't go 18



### far enough. In every cas e we have had to go back 19



### or Congress had to go back, close loopholes, 20



### strengthen the standards, and in every case, we 21



### have near unanimous agreement on the part of the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### American public that we moved in the right 1



### direction. 2



### So, please, I urge you not to pull your 3



### punches on what may be the most important 4



### regulatory initiative in the agency's history. 5



### Thank you. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you both, and I do 7



### want to say in response to how you started your 8



### talk, Christina, that I think I speak for 9



### everyone on this p anel and I think probably in 10



### the other room, as well as Chicago, that we all 11



### appreciate the opportunity to be sitting on these 12



### panels, and we appreciate, frankly, the effort 13



### that people put into writing their comments and 14



### making it here. 15



### We have one more speaker at this point, 16



### Quentin James. 17



### MR. JAMES: Hello. My name is Quentin 18



### James spelled Q

- U

- E

- N

- T

- I

- N, James, J

- A

- M

- E

- S. 19



### I am going to read from some prepared 20



### remarks, but thank you all for having these 21



### hearings and allowing the voices of the American 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### people to be heard, we really appreciate that. 1



### Again, my name is Quentin James, and I 2



### am the national director for the Sierra Student 3



### Coalition, the youth arm of the Sierra Club. 4



### I am also proud to serve as a national 5



### board member for the NAACP. 6



### At the Sierra Club, working with more 7



### than 13,000 high school and college students, our 8



### mission is pretty simple, is to train, empower, 9



### and organize the next generation of leaders in 10



### the environmental movement. 11



### A great many of the youth said that we 12



### work with, I work with, are members of the Sierra 13



### Student Coalition, because they enjoy the 14



### country's great outdoors and wild places. 15



### They are hikers, campers, anglers, 16



### hunters, swimmers, beach goers, skiers, and 17



### snowboarders. They share a common purpose in the 18



### Sie rra Club's mission to explore, enjoy, and 19



### protect the planet. 20



### Unfortunately, air pollution often 21



### hinders our ability to be outside, and it is 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### particularly pertinent for young people suffering 1



### from asthma and other respiratory diseases. We 2



### know that appro ximately 20 million Americans 3



### suffer from asthma, and we know that children are 4



### more likely than adults to have asthma. 5



### Ozone or smog is the leading cause of 6



### asthma attacks. It contributes to missed school 7



### days, increased uses of medicine, and trips to 8



### t he hospital and emergency rooms. 9



### Further, scientists tell us that carbon 10



### pollution, which contributes to hotter days in 11



### summers, leads to increased ozone pollution and 12



### thereby more days when it is unsafe for many 13



### young people to even be outside. 14



### So, simp ly put, young people are 15



### uniquely affected by carbon pollution, and they 16



### are also uniquely aware that environmental and 17



### ecological challenges are facing our country. 18



### Most of them have literally seen climate 19



### disruption in their lifetimes and they are keenl y 20



### aware of the fact that if not addressed, today's 21



### environmental problems could become tomorrow's 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### environmental catastrophes, that they and their 1



### children will be forced to live with. 2



### When I talk to students across the 3



### country, the feedback is clear. The y know 4



### climate disruption is happening. In fact, 5



### polling tells us that in greater numbers than any 6



### other age group, young people age 18 to 29 7



### consider a warming planet a serious problem. 8



### They know climate disruption means 9



### increased respiratory health iss ues, such as 10



### childhood asthma, because of more asthma

- inducing 11



### smog. They know climate disruption means an 12



### increasingly less secure world, both domestically 13



### because of extreme weather, and globally because 14



### of dwindling resources. 15



### They know that if we thr ive economically 16



### in a changing and constantly advancing world, we 17



### must decrease our dependence on dangerous dirty 18



### fuels and increasingly turn to home

- grown 19



### renewables, and they know that the time to act is 20



### now, that we must support steps, such as the new 21



### c arbon pollution standards, to get America back 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### on track, putting the next generation to work and 1



### staving off the worst effects of the climate 2



### crisis. 3



### In closing, I want to again reiterate 4



### that the Sierra Student Coalition stands with the 5



### EPA on the carbon pollution standard for existing 6



### power plants, and we strongly encourage the 7



### Administration to continue to act to protect our 8



### health, economic future, and environmental 9



### quality by addressing the very real threat of 10



### carbon pollution. 11



### Thank you very much. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. With that, we 13



### are going to, I believe we do not have anybody 14



### else, so we are going to adjourn for a break, and 15



### we will back at 5:30 to hear any remaining folks. 16



### We do have I know a number of people already on 17



### the schedule. 18



### With that, like I said, we are going to 19



### adjourn until 5:30. 20



### [Recess from 4:36 to 5:38 p.m.] 21



### MR. CULLIGAN: Good evening. Thank you 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### for attending this public hearing. My name is 1



### Kevin Culligan and I am an Associate Division 2



### Director with our Sector's Policy and Program 3



### Division of EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning 4



### and Standards, which is part of our Office of Air 5



### Radiation. 6



### I am joined at the table by two of my 7



### colleagues from the Office of Air Radiation, Jim 8



### Ketcham

- Colwill, and Laura Strine. 9



### We are he re today to hear your thoughts 10



### on the "Carbon Pollution Standard for New Power 11



### Plants," that the agency proposed. The proposal 12



### came out in the Federal Register on April 13th of 13



### this year. 14



### The proposal is a common

- sense approach 15



### to controlling CO 2 

### emissio ns, greenhouse gas 16



### emissions from new power plants. 17



### For future plants EPA is proposing that 18



### they need to meet a standard of 1,000 pounds of 19



### CO 2 

### per megawatt hour. It does not apply to 20



### existing sources, it also does not apply to 21



### planned units that have pe rmits that commence 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### construction with a year of April 13th, 2012. 1



### The standard will continue a trend 2



### towards building cleaner generation, and is 3



### consistent with the types of generation that 4



### power companies are typically building today. 5



### We will be accepti ng oral comments on 6



### all aspects of our proposal. We do have a court 7



### reporter who will be preparing a transcript that 8



### will go into the official docket for the 9



### rulemaking. 10



### In addition, we are accepting written 11



### comments. Written comments can be provided to the 12



### agency through June 25th, 2012. I believe there 13



### are still copies of directions for how written 14



### comments can be submitted. They can either be 15



### submitted by mail, fax, or e

- mail, and out at the 16



### desk where you registered or passed on your way 17



### in, there i s an explanation of what you do to 18



### submit those. We will consider all the comments 19



### as we move to finalize the rule. 20



### I would like to talk through the 21



### procedures that we are going to use as people 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### testify. 1



### I will be calling the scheduled speakers 2



### up in gr oups of two. When I call you up, if you 3



### can sit at that table and take turns obviously 4



### speaking. 5



### We would ask that the first person stay 6



### seated while the second person speaks. After 7



### both of you speak, the three of us may ask a 8



### follow

- up question. 9



### In or der to be fair to everyone, we are 10



### trying to limit people to five minutes. We have 11



### had a pretty packed day so far, and we used 12



### pretty much all of the allotted time in both the 13



### morning and the afternoon sessions. We do 14



### encourage and people were very good about it, we 15



### encourage you all to help us with that, that we 16



### limit the testimony to five minutes. 17



### In order to make that happen, what we 18



### will be doing is Jim is running our time system, 19



### and as soon as you start speaking, Jim will start 20



### the timer. You will see a green light go on, and 21



### that green light will stay on for the first four 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### minutes of your testimony. 1



### Then, a yellow light will come on 2



### alerting you that you have one minute left. The 3



### yellow light will stay on for a minute and then 4



### at five minutes, y our red light will go on, and 5



### shortly thereafter if you have not finished, you 6



### will see me leaning to the mike in an attempt to 7



### gently prod you to let the rest of the folks here 8



### who would like to also talk about the rule have a 9



### chance. 10



### One more thing. We are scheduled to end 11



### at 8:00 p.m. tonight. If we do have other 12



### people, we will try to accommodate everyone we 13



### can this evening. If you haven't registered to 14



### speak yet, and you would like to, you can go out 15



### to the table outside and get your name on the 16



### l ist. 17



### With that, let's get started for the 18



### evening. 19



### Our first two speakers are Ms. Michalska 20



### and Boyd Walker. The other thing I did forget to 21



### mention, for the benefit of our court reporter, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### when you start speaking, if you could say your 1



### name, spell it, a nd then if you do have any 2



### affiliation that you would like us to know about, 3



### announce that, too, so that it gets into the 4



### public record. We would appreciate it. 5



### You are welcome to start. 6



### MS. MICHALSKA: Good evening. Gerri 7



### Michalska here, a citizen con cerned about the 8



### environment, public health, why be retrograde 9



### when we can be in the forefront. 10



### Dirty and unhealthy fossil fuel, time to 11



### go, inertia and status quo, time to go. Climate 12



### change is the biggest global health threat of the 13



### 21st century. A ma jor report on managing the 14



### health effects of climate change, launched 15



### jointly by the Lancet and the University of the 16



### City of London today say that climate change is 17



### the biggest global health threat of the 21 18



### century. 19



### The UCL team focused on key areas, 20



### pa tterns of disease and mortality, food security, 21



### water, and sanitation, shelter and human 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### settlements, extreme events and population 1



### migration, all of the above is what is happening 2



### now. 3



### Professor Costello from UCL says that 4



### the big message of this report is that climate 5



### change is a health issue affecting billions of 6



### people now, not just an environmental issue about 7



### polar bears and deforestation. 8



### The impact will be felt, not just in the 9



### UK, but all around the world; not just in some 10



### distant future, but in our lifetimes and those of 11



### our children. 12



### Carbon pollution causes climate change, 13



### whose rising temperatures worsen health

- harming 14



### air pollution. Fossil fuel fired power plants are 15



### responsible for 40 percent of manmade carbon 16



### dioxide emissions. 17



### Fossil fuel s also account for more than 18



### 80 percent of U.S. global warming pollution. 19



### Global warming, if unchecked, threatens to 20



### fundamentally change the planet that has 21



### sustained our civilization. In the U.S., we are 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### already seeing some of the effects

- wildfires 1



### t earing through western states, devastating 2



### floods in the Midwest, and historic droughts in 3



### the Southeast. 4



### Carbon and air pollutants like toxic 5



### mercury and dirty soot from coal plants are 6



### linked to asthma attacks, lung disease, and 7



### urological disorders. D o we want this? Do we 8



### need this? No, enough. 9



### The toll from coal, coal pollution in 10



### the United States results in more than 100 11



### billion annually in house costs. Do we want 12



### this? Do we need this? No, time to go. 13



### Then, we have what a Stanford University 14



### study directly links carbon dioxide emissions to 15



### increase human mortality. The study concludes 16



### that each increase of 1 degree Celsius or 1.8 17



### degree Fahrenheit caused by carbon dioxide would 18



### result in air pollution that would lead annually 19



### to about 1,000 m ore deaths. 20



### Do we want this? Do we need this? No, 21



### time to go. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Then, we have here asthma. Asthma was 1



### responsible for 3,384 deaths in the United States 2



### in 2005, and it is increasing rather than 3



### decreasing. 4



### So, I believe that it is apparent to all 5



### of us here that intervention ASAP is called for 6



### to stop this road to oblivion. 7



### The solutions: What is not to like by 8



### Greenpeace. With current technology, renewable 9



### energy sources like wind, solar, and geothermal 10



### can provide 96 percent of our electricity, and 98 11



### percent of our total heating demand, accounting 12



### for almost all of our primary energy demand. 13



### Investing in renewables could jump start 14



### our flagging economy, creating millions of jobs 15



### that can't be shipped overseas. It could put the 16



### U.S. back at the fo refront of the 21st century 17



### economy in front of China, which in 2009 became 18



### the largest global investor in renewables. 19



### Additionally, we also have to improve 20



### our energy efficiency as Europe, for example, far 21



### outpaces us and therefore, we can fill in the ga p 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### of our energy needs with a better standard of 1



### energy efficiency. 2



### So are we going to lead the world 3



### community or follow in the wake of countries like 4



### Germany and even China? 5



### It is time to get ahead of the curve and 6



### break the change of inertia and status quo. Yes, 7



### fossil fuel industries will go kicking and 8



### screaming off the main stage, but alas and alack, 9



### they have already long overstayed their welcome. 10



### The tide is turning as the heartland 11



### institutes most recent conclave of climate change 12



### deniers last w eek is slated to be the last. The 13



### public outcry overcame their concerted farce at 14



### keeping retrograde policies in effect. 15



### MR. CULLIGAN: Try to wrap up. 16



### MS. MICHALSKA: Five minutes is up? 17



### MR. CULLIGAN: Yes. 18



### MS. MICHALSKA: Oh, no. Can't I say one 19



### la st thing? 20



### MR. CULLIGAN: Yes. 21



### MS. MICHALSKA: Justin Hoffman in 1967 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### said plastics; in 2012 I say renewables. For my 1



### friends in the fossil fuel industry, renewables. 2



### There is millions more jobs than in the fossil 3



### fuel industry, and your children will b e proud of 4



### you if you do that. Do the right thing. 5



### MS. STRINE: Before you go, could you 6



### just please spell your name? Thank you. 7



### MS. MICHALSKA: G

- E

- R

- R

- I 8



### M

- I

- C

- H

- A

- L

- S

- K

- A. 9



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. If you want 10



### to give us a written copy, so it all gets in, you 11



### can certainly do that. 12



### MS. MICHALSKA: To you or to him? 13



### MR. CULLIGAN: It actually goes to the 14



### folks upfront, but if you want to just leave it 15



### here, it will get there. 16



### MR. WALKER: Thank you. I am Boyd 17



### Walker. My name is B

- o

- Y

- D
, W

- A

- L

- K

- E

- R. 18



### For over the last 100 years, we have 19



### lived in a carbon

- based economy. For the next 20



### 100 years, we will be in a carbon

- constrained 21



### economy. Then, we might have to live without 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### carbon fuels at all without constraints on much 1



### carbon we put into the at mosphere, we will not 2



### only run out of this resource, but be unable to 3



### breathe our air and drink our water. 4



### I know as I live within a mile of 5



### coal

- fired power plant. It has been the center 6



### of controversy since two citizens produced a 7



### report showing that t he plant was producing 8



### particulate matter that was harmful to citizens. 9



### Why did they suspect that there was a 10



### harmful substance being emitted from the Potomac 11



### generating plant in Alexandria, once owned by 12



### Mirant, but now owned by the GenOn Corporation? 13



### B ecause every morning they woke up to dust on 14



### their window sills or on their cars, and wondered 15



### where it came from. 16



### The source was obvious and probably from 17



### some vantage points in D.C., you can see the 18



### stacks that from 1949 have generated power, but 19



### have a lso been a powerful generator of 20



### pollutants. 21



### The plant said that they do not have 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### large particles and they do not have small 1



### particles without measuring the particles in 2



### between. 3



### But the obviousness that the plant 4



### emitted something was on the stacks them selves, a 5



### kind of skirt to catch the particles before they 6



### fell back into the plant. 7



### It was not until 1989 that they were 8



### even granted a special use permit. Before, they 9



### had been a nonconforming use, and they were not 10



### even regulated. 11



### After Elizabeth Chi mento and Poul 12



### Hertel's report came out, two citizens who lived 13



### nearby the plant, there have been steady efforts 14



### to close the plant. Their permits have been 15



### attempted to be revoked, and their ability to 16



### operate limited. 17



### In 2007, I spoke in front of the 18



### V irginia State Department of Environmental 19



### Quality, which was having hearings on how the 20



### plant should be regulated, and a solution was 21



### found

- build smokestacks that were higher, so 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the plumes would blow farther, just far enough to 1



### be outside Alexandria. T hen, the citizens might 2



### stop complaining. Thankfully, those taller 3



### stacks were never built, but this one plant has 4



### become the poster child for why there is no such 5



### thing as clean coal. 6



### You can put a chemical like tar on the 7



### tron end, but it also might ha ve bad effects, 8



### that have not been studied enough. You can use 9



### steam to catch the particles, but this was never 10



### implemented, and there are two other parts of 11



### running a coal plant that you cannot see from 12



### Washington, D.C., that have an effect in other 13



### part s of the country. 14



### First, the coal has to come from 15



### somewhere and probably comes from Mountaintop in 16



### West Virginia, which are ruining streams and 17



### valleys. 18



### Secondly, coal does not burn clean 19



### through, but leaves ash, and this ash is put in 20



### an ash pit somewh ere far outside Alexandria. I 21



### am sure the disastrous ash pits in Tennessee a 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### couple of Christmases ago has already been 1



### mentioned. So, if we are not polluting our 2



### waterways and our air when we remove the coal, 3



### but when we burn it, we risk damage when we put 4



### the waste in an ash pit. 5



### Coal is not the energy source of the 6



### future. In just a few short months, thanks to 7



### the Sierra Club, Major Michael Bloomberg from New 8



### York, and all the people in Alexandria who worked 9



### on this, our coal

- fired power plant will c lose, 10



### but all the work and the clean air that we will 11



### regain will be negated if new coal

- fired power 12



### plants open in other parts of Virginia like Wise 13



### County or in Surry County on the beautiful Isle 14



### of Wight. 15



### I would rather see wind turbines on the 16



### mountai ns if they are still there, and across our 17



### seas if they are still clean than one more 18



### coal

- fired power plant built. 19



### Thank you. 20



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 21



### Our next two speakers are Jim Casey and 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Henry Hamburger. 1



### Just a reminder to remember to spell 2



### your name for the court reporter. 3



### MR. CASEY: Good afternoon. My name is 4



### James F. Casey, J

- A

- M

- E

- S , F, C

- A

- S

- E

- Y. I am 5



### Professor of Economics at Washington and Lee 6



### University in Lexington, Virginia. My primary 7



### area of teaching and research is environmental 8



### economics and policy. 9



### Today, on behalf of the Union of 10



### Concerned Scientists, I would like to express my 11



### support for the standards to limit carbon 12



### emissions from new power plants. I hope the EPA 13



### will move quickly to finalize and implement 14



### limits on carbon emissions from new power plants, 15



### and then take the next critical step and issue 16



### standards to reduce carbon emissions and all 17



### greenhouse gas emissions from all existing power 18



### plants. 19



### In the brief time I have this afternoon 20



### I will explain why I advocate thi s set of 21



### actions. Let me start with a quick question. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### What did Paul Krugman, the Nobel Prizewinning 1



### economics professor at Princeton University and 2



### Gregory Mankiw, Professor of Economics at 3



### Harvard, who currently serves as advisor to Mitt 4



### Romney, and is the author of a bestselling 5



### economics textbook, have in common? 6



### Aside from having Ph.D.'s in economics, 7



### not much. One might even argue that they 8



### currently represent the polemics of liberal and 9



### conservative economic thought, yet they both want 10



### to regulate and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, 11



### and they are not alone. I certainly stand with 12



### both of them on this policy objective. 13



### In fact, in April of 1997, more than 14



### 2,000 economists signed the Economist Statement 15



### on Climate Change. Again, in March of 2010, more 16



### than 2,000 scientists and economists including 17



### myself and several of my colleagues at Washington 18



### and Lee University endorsed the Union of 19



### Concerned Scientists' call for swift and deep 20



### cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. 21



### Why? Because adherence to stand ard 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### economic theory recognized the negative side 1



### effects generated by greenhouse gases, which 2



### predisposes them to favor strong environmental 3



### protection. 4



### It is true that economists generally 5



### believe free markets are the most efficient way 6



### to direct consump tion and investment decisions as 7



### long as prices are right. 8



### Unfortunately, energy markets get the 9



### prices wrong. Producers and consumers do not pay 10



### for the damage of burning the fuels traded in 11



### these markets. Due to the sometimes massive 12



### external costs, p rices are set inefficiently low 13



### and pollution levels, particularly greenhouse gas 14



### emissions, are inefficiently high, much too high. 15



### Internalizing the externalities 16



### associated with carbon emissions is an important 17



### step toward creating a more efficient econ omic 18



### system. Additionally, according to a 2009 report 19



### from the World Coal Association, climate change 20



### is a global challenge and requires a concerted 21



### global response. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The world can be set on course to a 1



### sustainable energy future provided we make the 2



### neces sary investments in policy decisions. By 3



### choosing to set limits on the amount of carbon 4



### emitted from power plants, the Environmental 5



### Protection Agency is beginning to set such a 6



### course. Not only will the limits reduce future 7



### emissions, but they provide t he incentive for the 8



### private sector to make the necessary investments 9



### to reduce the negative environmental footprint 10



### that characterizes our current economic behavior. 11



### Climate change has already altered our 12



### environment, and with it, patterns of disease. 13



### L et me be very clear. This is a scientific fact, 14



### it is not in dispute. Those that claim climate 15



### change has had little, if any, substantive impact 16



### are ignoring the scientific evidence on this 17



### topic. 18



### Unfortunately, no one is more vulnerable 19



### to the adverse health consequences that accompany 20



### climate change generated by greenhouse bases than 21



### young children. In recent years, they have had 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### to battle an increasing number of respiratory 1



### illnesses, allergies, infections, 2



### immunosuppressive disorders, just to name a few, 3



### this according to the Center for Health and 4



### Global Environment at Harvard University. 5



### We cannot continue to allow for the 6



### unregulated release of greenhouse gases into our 7



### atmosphere. The United States must take the lead 8



### in the battle to reduce the costs and impacts 9



### associated with climate change especially the 10



### cost being placed on our children. 11



### The new EPA carbon standards are a 12



### critical step toward reducing the effects of 13



### climate change and protecting public health. 14



### Thus, the time has come to sup port EPA in its 15



### important work to protect and ensure the health 16



### and safety of our nation. 17



### Thank you very much. 18



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 19



### MR. HAMBURGER: My name is Henry 20



### Hamburger. Henry is spelled H

- E

- N

- R

- Y. Hamburger 21



### is spelled as in hamburger. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I am a member of the Union of Concerned 1



### Scientists, Emeritus Professor of Computer 2



### Science at George Mason, and formerly, and more 3



### to the point, a tenured mathematical social 4



### scientist at the University of California at 5



### Irvine, where I once worked in a field o f crucial 6



### relevance to the issue now before EPA, the study 7



### of the multi

- person Prisoner's Dilemma game 8



### originated by three people independently in 1973, 9



### according to Elsevier's Dictionary of 10



### Psychological Theories. 11



### One got a Nobel Prize in Economics, 12



### anot her was the James Awardee in Psychology one 13



### year, and the third one is me. I will state the 14



### lessons learned from this field and relate them 15



### to the need for regulation specifically with 16



### regard to carbon pollution. 17



### Before I do that, I just want to say I 18



### ab solutely agree with everything everybody said 19



### here, and this is just a little background about 20



### externalities, I guess you could say, negative 21



### externalities. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Game theories about interacting 1



### decisions, Prisoner's Dilemma was originally a 2



### game with two peopl e, for example

-- and I am 3



### going to take this example, throw out the 4



### Prisoner's and just do the Dilemma. 5



### For example, two strangers sit in 6



### separate rooms

-- this is actually the way 7



### empirical studies are done, in separate rooms 8



### without the ability to comm unicate. 9



### Each gets an initial stake of $10

-- I 10



### mean depending on how wealthy the scientist is 11



### who is doing this

-- to keep or maybe not. Each 12



### is offered an additional $10. If one of them 13



### takes it, that costs the other one $15. That is 14



### the negative ext ernality, and vice versa. 15



### So, each has two options, take it or 16



### leave it. No matter what you think the other 17



### person will choose, you do best by taking the 18



### offered extra amount, but if both of you say yes, 19



### you are both worse off, 20, 10 + 10, minus the 15 20



### the other one costs you. Then, if each took the 21



### initial stake. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### So, individual rational choice defeats 1



### the common good. 2



### Here are 10 lessons learned from the 3



### game called "multi

- person, Prisoner's Dilemma." 4



### One, many real

- life situations have this 5



### decisio n structure, most notably

-- 6



### Two, situations involving pollution. 7



### Results may involve money, health, and other 8



### things people like to have

-- 9



### Four, the numbers matter, the amount of 10



### money, the degree of lost health, communication 11



### matters

-- 12



### Six, volunta ry uncritical cooperation is 13



### for suckers

-- 14



### Seven, with increasing numbers of 15



### players, cooperation gets harder and harder to 16



### achieve. 17



### We actually did studies with three 18



### players and with seven players back in the day. 19



### It really does happen, you can't ach ieve 20



### cooperation without something. 21



### Governments can restructure a situation 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### to induce better outcomes. 1



### Nine, a nation sets up the game that 2



### businesses play 3



### Ten, nations are also players in a 4



### global game where the rules are three. 5



### Here are three real kn own solutions to 6



### real problems structured like this is the 7



### multi

- person's Dilemma. 8



### One, congestion charge in urban centers. 9



### Two, enforce nonproliferation of nuclear 10



### weapons. 11



### Three, government regulation of carbon. 12



### So, the way I see it, you are not only 13



### legal, you are right. EPA is right to have a 14



### carbon pollution standard, but I think you can do 15



### more. 16



### Five things worry me. If any of them is 17



### something that you are already dealing with, 18



### great. I mean if these are not valid criticisms, 19



### that's terrific. 20



### One, fracking is carbon pollution that 21



### is huge, upstream, and as far as I can tell, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### ignored here. 1



### Sequestration is a long

- term risk, it is 2



### huge, it is downstream, and apparently ignored 3



### here. 4



### Old utilities, where is the pressure to 5



### replace them? 6



### Four, non

- utilities and small utilities 7



### exempt. Exemption promotes subdividing and 8



### decentralizing. 9



### Five, the averaging rule, there is no 10



### accountability as far as I can tell until after 11



### the 11th year. I don't know, if I am wrong, so 12



### be it. 13



### Thank you. 14



### MR. CUL LIGAN: Thank you. 15



### MR. HAMBURGER: Did you guys have 16



### questions? 17



### MR. CULLIGAN: I could find out on your 18



### five, you know, certainly those are all 19



### worthwhile things to comment, and there are 20



### things that it is helpful for us to think about. 21



### On the fifth one , the way we have set 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### up, and we actually take comments on different 1



### ways to deal with the issue, but there is

-- the 2



### 30

- year average is actually done through a series 3



### of one year averages, so the one

- year averages 4



### would be enforceable. 5



### MR. HAMBURGER: Ye ah, but the first 10 6



### years it is very high. They allow increase in 7



### the first 10 years, for it is only in the 11th 8



### year that you begin to get a handle on something 9



### that really matters. That is my point. 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: Right. Point taken. 11



### The next two s peakers are Sara Chieffo 12



### and Kathleen Mogelgaard. I am sure I butchered 13



### both of those, and I apologize in advance. 14



### MS. CHIEFFO: Good evening. My name i s 15



### Sara Chieffo, spelled S

- A

- R

- A, C

- H

- I

- E

- F

- F

- O. 16



### I am here tonight to encourage the 17



### Environmental Pro tection Agency to finalize this 18



### year its proposal to place the first national 19



### limits on industrial carbon pollution from power 20



### plants. 21



### I am here today as a concerned citizen, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### as an asthma sufferer, and as the legislative 1



### director for the League of Conserv ation Voters. 2



### LCV's mission is to turn environmental 3



### values into national priorities. LCV's members 4



### are spread throughout the country, and we work in 5



### close partnership with a network of over 30 6



### State

- based Leagues of Conservation Voters. 7



### LCB was founded in 1970, the same year 8



### that the Republican President Richard Nixon 9



### created the EPA, and also signed the landmark 10



### Clear Air Act into law. 11



### As an asthma sufferer, whose attacks are 12



### worst on smog

- filled, hot summer days, this 13



### proposal means a great deal to m e personally. I 14



### live here in the Nation's Capitol, and we have 15



### some of the worst air quality in the country. 16



### As I am sure you have heard today from 17



### doctors, nurses, scientists, and other experts 18



### who warn us that carbon pollution threatens 19



### public health a nd is especially damaging to 20



### vulnerable populations like children and the 21



### elderly. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### This is because climate change's rising 1



### temperatures are likely to make smog pollution 2



### worse, triggering asthma attacks and even 3



### permanently damaging children's developing lungs. 4



### Consistent with the United States 5



### Supreme Court's decision, this agency, the EPA, 6



### in 2009, formally recognized these and other 7



### health threats posed by climate change in its 8



### determination that global warning pollution 9



### threatens human health and the environment. 10



### Power plants are the largest source of 11



### carbon pollution in the United States and right 12



### now these polluters are free to dump an unlimited 13



### amount of carbon pollution into our air. 14



### EPA's proposal would, for the first 15



### time, impose national limit s on the amount of 16



### carbon pollution that these power plants built in 17



### the future can emit. These limits translate into 18



### a roughly 60 percent reduction in carbon 19



### pollution when compared with today's coal

- fired 20



### power plants. 21



### The EPA's proposal is a common se nse 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### measure that will protect public health, spur 1



### innovation and clean technologies, and start us 2



### down the needed path to stop unabated global 3



### warming. 4



### It will help ensure the current market 5



### trends toward a cleaner, safer, and more modern 6



### power sector con tinue. Cleaning up and 7



### modernizing the power sector will also create 8



### much needed jobs. 9



### This proposal is not without precedent. 10



### Many States have taken similar steps, and the 11



### standard also builds on the successful actions of 12



### the EPA in partnership with th e Department of 13



### Transportation, have taken the reduced carbon 14



### pollution from the nation's fleet of cars. 15



### I am honored to be part of the over 1.4 16



### million positive comments that have been already 17



### submitted to the EPA in support of this public 18



### safeguard. Wi th over a month yet to go in the 19



### public comment period, this total already 20



### represents the highest number of comments the EPA 21



### has ever received. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### In closing, I would just like to 1



### reiterate my support for this proposal and to 2



### encourage the EPA to finalize a strong carbon 3



### pollution rule this year. 4



### Thank you for this opportunity to 5



### testify. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 7



### MS. MOGELGAARD: Good afternoon and 8



### thank you for providing this opportunity for 9



### public input. 10



### My name is Kathl een Mogelgaard, 11



### K

- A

- T

- H

- L

- E

- E

- N, M

- O

- G

- E

- L

- G

- A

- A

- R

- D. I am a 12



### resident of Washington, D.C., and I have a 13



### long

- standing interest in environmental policy. 14



### I received Master's degrees in public policy and 15



### natural resources from the University of 16



### Michigan, and I currently work as an independ ent 17



### consultant on science and policy issues. 18



### For the past two years, I have taught a 19



### course on climate change and energy policy to 20



### undergraduates at the University of Maryland. In 21



### that process, my students read technical reports 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### on climate change science and climate change 1



### impacts. They learned about prospects for energy 2



### efficiency and renewable energy development, and 3



### they spoke with guest lecturers from the Federal 4



### Government about the challenges and opportunities 5



### in the Federal system for advancing cl ean energy 6



### future and mitigating climate change. 7



### My students learned the basic science 8



### that carbon pollution is contributing to global 9



### average temperature increase. They learned that 10



### the United States has contributed the most of any 11



### country to the carbon pollution that is causing 12



### this temperature increase, and they learned that 13



### in the United States, the electricity generation 14



### is the biggest source of carbon pollution. 15



### My students also read the U.S. Global 16



### Change Research Program's recent report about the 17



### impacts that climate change is having on the 18



### United States

- severe weather, sea level rise 19



### and storm surge, more agricultural pests, and the 20



### health risks associated with extreme heat and 21



### declining air quality. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Students wrote about how these changes 1



### are already affecting their lives and the lives 2



### of their families. In class, when we discussed 3



### the projected growth in greenhouse gases and 4



### carbon pollution, many voiced their fears about 5



### what the future might look like if these trends 6



### don't change. 7



### We talke d about how to respond to these 8



### challenges, analyzing possibilities for reducing 9



### carbon pollution at individual, State, national, 10



### and international levels. 11



### Student quickly realized how critical 12



### Federal Government action is. They recognize 13



### that individual and State action can only get us 14



### so far, and how international progress on climate 15



### change has been stymied by a lack of Federal 16



### action. 17



### Not surprisingly, many of my students 18



### are frustrated at the slow pace of Federal 19



### action. After studying climate scien ce and 20



### impacts, and especially after viewing a film in 21



### which they watched an old man on the Pacific 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Island of Keravis, a country with almost no 1



### carbon pollution, dragging boulders by hand to 2



### create a sea wall to protect his family's home 3



### from sea level ris e and storm surge. 4



### After seeing that image, and others like 5



### it, many students are somewhat bewildered that 6



### the U.S. Government has yet to impose any limits 7



### on carbon pollution from power plants. 8



### It is for their sake and my own that I 9



### want to voice my sup port for the currently 10



### proposed rule that would limit carbon pollution 11



### from future power plants. Such limits represent 12



### an important step in the direction our country 13



### needs to head, toward a future in which we 14



### continue to innovate and prosper with cleaner 15



### e nergy sources that don't threaten our house, 16



### that don't wreck our agricultural systems and 17



### strain our water supplies, and that don't 18



### inundate our coast lines and the coast lines of 19



### others around the world who have not contributed 20



### to this problem. 21



### The prop osed carbon pollution standards 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### for future power plants do signal that we are 1



### serious about addressing our climate change and 2



### energy challenges and that we are ready to lead, 3



### and that we do indeed care about the future we 4



### are leaving to our young people. 5



### Thank you for this opportunity to share 6



### my views. 7



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you very much. 8



### Our next two speakers are Doug Ouse and 9



### Brenna Muller. 10



### MR. OUSE: My name is Doug Ouse

, and I 11



### am from Towson, Maryland. I am here to speak out 12



### in favor of carbon poll ution limits on industry 13



### today. When we look at our nation and the world 14



### today, it is easy to see why we need a carbon 15



### pollution standard, because this standard will 16



### not only clean up the carbon pollution, it will 17



### also clean up the industries that emit ot her 18



### toxic substances into the air. 19



### These include dirty soot, mercury, and 20



### smog from coal

- fired power plants that induce a 21



### wide range of ailments especially asthma. As 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### someone who has a history of asthma, I am very 1



### interested in seeing how our standards f or clean 2



### air, including carbon pollution limits. 3



### An estimated 680,000 people in the 4



### Baltimore, Washington, and Northern Virginia 5



### areas suffer from asthma. With the population of 6



### this area at about 7.46 million, that puts the 7



### asthma rate at 9 percent, an d I just read an 8



### article published last week on Medical Daily's 9



### web site that said asthma rates rose by 15 10



### percent from 2001 to 2010 alone. 11



### In 2007, just that year, asthma cost the 12



### American economy $56 billion. People had to take 13



### over 14 million days off of work and 10 1/2 14



### million days missed from school due to asthma in 15



### 2008 according to data from the U.S. Centers for 16



### Disease Control and Prevention. 17



### In 2009, there were 3,400 deaths due to 18



### asthma, and U.S. hospitals had to handle almost 19



### 480,000 cases of asthma that year, and pollutants 20



### that accompanied the carbon emitted into the air, 21



### also causes cardiovascular disease in the elderly 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### and neurological ailments. 1



### We must also limit this carbon pollution 2



### to curb global warming. Last summer, Texas 3



### experience d a historic drought and heat wave that 4



### spawned an unprecedented wildfire system. Ten 5



### people lost their lives to this heat and these 6



### fires, and about 2,900 homes were destroyed. 7



### Closer to home, we have had more 8



### 100

- degree temperatures the last two years than 9



### we have had during the previous 20 years combined 10



### according to my memory. 11



### We just had probably the first ever 12



### winter here where there were no daytime highs 13



### below the freezing point of 32 degrees 14



### Fahrenheit. This all is evidence of global 15



### warming. 16



### P ublic polls consistently show that 17



### Americans do not trust industrial polluters to 18



### police themselves or industrial claims that 19



### tougher environmental regulations will cost jobs. 20



### I personally think that these safeguards 21



### benefit the economy as companies make new 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### investments in equipment which will spur the 1



### growth of hundreds, if not thousands, of small 2



### businesses. All this makes it necessary for the 3



### EPA to step in with this standard to limit all 4



### new power plants to 1,000 pounds of carbon 5



### pollution or less per megawatt hour. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 7



### MS. MULLER: Good evening. My nam e is 8



### Brenna Muller, B

- R

- E

- N

- N

- A, M

- U

- L

- L

- E

- R. Thank 9



### you for the opportunity to testify in strong 10



### support of the national carbon pollution 11



### standard. 12



### I am testifying today becaus e I am 13



### concerned about the extreme health impacts and 14



### the dangers of climate disruption caused by 15



### carbon pollution from coal

- fired power plants. 16



### I grew up outside of New Haven, 17



### Connecticut, where there is a disproportionately 18



### high asthma rate, and the ozo ne grade is F. I 19



### have many friends who suffer from asthma, most of 20



### whom are the first people in their families to 21



### have had asthma. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I am also especially concerned about the 1



### extreme climate disruption of which carbon 2



### pollution is the primary contributor, s uch as 3



### severe weather, sea level rise, and agricultural 4



### disruption. 5



### In my opinion, these rules are long 6



### overdue. American citizens are counting on the 7



### EPA to protect them from dangerous carbon 8



### pollution. EPA's industrial carbon pollution 9



### standards for p ower plants are a historic step 10



### towards modernizing the way we power our country. 11



### So, I would just like to reiterate my 12



### support for the proposal and thank you for the 13



### opportunity to testify this evening. 14



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you very much. 15



### Our next two speakers are Seth Heald and 16



### Alycia Ashburn. 17



### I would just actually like to take a 18



### minute to thank everybody who has taken the time 19



### both to prepare testimony and to come here and 20



### give it. I know that it takes a lot of effort on 21



### all of your parts, and we re ally do appreciate 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### you all taking the time to come here and tell us 1



### what you think of the rules. 2



### MR. HEALD: Good evening. My name is 3



### Seth Heald, S

- E

- T

- H, last name H

- E

- A

- L

- D. I am 4



### here today to voice my strong support for the 5



### EPA's proposed new greenho use gas standards for 6



### electric generating units. 7



### In recent years, as I have learned more 8



### about climate change and the carbon dioxide 9



### emissions that cause it, I have grown 10



### increasingly concerned at our nation's lack of 11



### meaningful effort to reduce carbon em issions. 12



### We have known for decades that we need 13



### to move away from carbon

- intensive fuels, but 14



### business and government have not done nearly 15



### enough to deal with this. 16



### The EPA is charged with protecting 17



### Americans from pollution that adversely affects 18



### our he alth. The vast majority of Americans 19



### support this mission. Carbon pollution is a 20



### serious threat to our health and welfare and the 21



### proposed greenhouse gas standards are a small, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### but important step towards the goal of protecting 1



### us from climate disruption. 2



### The proposed standards are actually 3



### quite modest and quite overdue. They will not 4



### affect coal

- burning power plants that are already 5



### in service or under construction. 6



### The standards simply acknowledge the 7



### scientific reality that our nation cannot afford 8



### to build any new coal

- fired power plants unless 9



### and until the electric power industry comes up 10



### with a workable method of capturing and 11



### sequestering carbon emissions and there is no 12



### such method in sight. 13



### I am a member

- owner of the Rappahannock 14



### Electric Coo perative in Virginia, which, in turn, 15



### is a member

- owner of the Old Dominion Electric 16



### Cooperative in Virginia, also known as ODEC. 17



### That makes me a utility owner, so I am a utility 18



### owner here speaking out in favor of these 19



### regulations. 20



### As an active Coopera tive member, I have 21



### taken seriously my role both as an electricity 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### consumer and as a utility owner. I have sharply 1



### reduced my electricity consumption through a 2



### combination of conservation and efficiency 3



### measures while also installing solar panels to 4



### provi de almost all of the power that I do need. 5



### ODEC's management, unfortunately, 6



### persists with an ill

- advised plan to build a huge 7



### new coal plant in Virginia notwithstanding strong 8



### opposition to that throughout the State and 9



### strong scientific evidence that co al burning is 10



### the leading cause of climate change. 11



### Yet, ODEC engages in only the most 12



### modest and superficial efforts to invest in 13



### efficiency or carbon

- free renewable energy 14



### sources. We can and must do better for the sake 15



### of ourselves, our children, and g enerations to 16



### follow. 17



### The coal industry and some short

- sighted 18



### utilities spending large sums to challenge the 19



### proposed greenhouse gas standards. They claim 20



### that coal is clean while ignoring the fact that 21



### coal plays a major role in changing the earth's 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### cl imate. 1



### Those changes will last for thousands of 2



### years. Americans cannot afford to ignore coal's 3



### role in climate disruption. The EPA's proposed 4



### standards are sound, science

- based measures to 5



### protect Americans. 6



### I commend the EPA for proposing these 7



### standa rds and urge that they be implemented as 8



### soon as possible, and in closing, I thank the 9



### three of you for listening, and I thank you and 10



### your colleagues for the important work you do to 11



### help protect Americans from pollution. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 13



### MS. A SHBURN: Good evening. My name is 14



### Alycia Ashburn. A

- L

- Y

- C

- I

- A
, A

- S

- H

- B

- U

- R

- N. 15



### My presence and my testimony here today 16



### in support of the EPA's new source standards for 17



### carbon pollution is just as much a religious and 18



### personal act as it is a professional one. 19



### While I am here wearing my work hat as 20



### director of the Creation Care Campaign at 21



### Sojourners, one of the nation's largest network 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### of Christians Committed to Social Justice, I wear 1



### my many other hats at the same time

- U.S. 2



### citizen, Christian, congrega tion member and 3



### trainer for Lutherans Restoring Creation, 4



### biologist, wife, daughter, runner, national park 5



### lover, and last, but certainly not least, 6



### especially in this context, asthma sufferer. 7



### I wasn't born with asthma, in fact, one 8



### could argue that it w as at least in part an 9



### occupational hazard that led to it. When my love 10



### of God's creation led me to graduate school, I 11



### spent many hours, days, and months in plots of 12



### trees fumigated with ozone and carbon dioxide, 13



### studying insects living in those trees and the 14



### impact of air pollution on their communities. 15



### Even though I wore a breathing mask as 16



### much as possible, I still developed asthma. I 17



### know it's ironic, right? My study of air 18



### pollution led to my own personal health battle 19



### with it. 20



### Ironic for me maybe because I chose my 21



### field of study, but not ironic for so many others 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### in the U.S. Upon publicizing this EPA rule and 1



### urging Sojourners' members to submit comments via 2



### our web site, over 3,300 people of faith have 3



### responded and more continue every day. 4



### So me of them have shared their very 5



### personal ongoing battles with air pollution and 6



### here are just a few examples. From Thomas in 7



### Tulsa, Oklahoma, "As a chronic asthmatic, clean 8



### air is not just a nice thing to have, it' a 9



### matter of life and death." 10



### From Wil liam in Ames, Iowa, "I lost a 11



### dear brother a few months ago to asthma due to a 12



### lifetime in a polluted, smoggy city. We must get 13



### our priorities straight and support such rules 14



### that will enhance the possibility of the 15



### generations yet to come for having sust ainable 16



### clean air. Please stay the course." 17



### From Linda in Sault Ste. Marie, 18



### Michigan, "I totally encourage you to adopt these 19



### emission standards. I lived south of a coal

- fired 20



### power plant for 10 years and know firsthand the 21



### impact it had on the local env ironment. Every 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### north wind brought a new layer of gray dust on 1



### and into my house. My family had repeated upper 2



### respiratory infections. When the company planted 3



### foliage on the coal piles and covered the 4



### unloading blooms from the freighters, air quality 5



### im proved. Additional regulations can only help 6



### more." 7



### From Calvin in Norman, Oklahoma, "When I 8



### lived in Conneaut, Ohio, and Ponca City, Ohio, 9



### power plants would release their pollutants into 10



### the air after midnight. It made my wife and 11



### older son so sick we had to move from both places 12



### on doctor's orders. That should not be allowed. 13



### Please make our health and the earth's health a 14



### top priority." 15



### From Michael In North Hartford, 16



### Connecticut, "I am a working family physician and 17



### see the effects of pollution on a daily basis. I 18



### wish my job were easier. Please help make it 19



### so." 20



### From Wyatt in Indiana, "In Indianapolis, 21



### the heart of a major coal power generation State, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### air quality still detrimentally affects children 1



### who attend schools near energy

- generating 2



### sta tions." 3



### From Young Tyler in Lancaster, 4



### Pennsylvania, "It would be great to have clean 5



### air to breathe. I breathe every day, and it 6



### would be great if we can improve air quality so 7



### my mom, brother, and friends don't suffer from 8



### asthma." 9



### From Sandra in Moun t Joy, Pennsylvania, 10



### "I am supporting this new role from the EPA 11



### because breathing clean air shouldn't be a choice 12



### or a talking point. It is essential to our 13



### health. What kind of country would hurt its own 14



### citizens just so polluters can have their way? 15



### It unconscionable and also immoral. Clean air 16



### and clean water shouldn't be a privilege, it's a 17



### right of every American and every human being." 18



### These are folks who have Internet access 19



### and enough time to write in and share their 20



### stories. Whose stories ar e not hearing? How 21



### about those who don't have access to health care? 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I have great health insurance and access to 1



### affordable medication, but so many do not. 2



### I will leave you with two quotes, 3



### because I could bring my hats here today, but so 4



### many couldn't. 5



### Thank you for listening to all of them. 6



### You can read more on the SOJO web site. 7



### SOJO.NET. We are adding more to the blog every 8



### day. 9



### Dr. Marlene from Worthington, Ohio. "We 10



### can't sacrifice public health to cheap energy. 11



### And what is cheap? For all t he people in our 12



### country, children, adults, old persons who have 13



### trouble breathing, my religion teaches our duty 14



### to respect and love our environment as God's 15



### creation for sustaining our lives. It is ungodly 16



### to contaminate, and it is also bad environmental 17



### policy to sacrifice the breath of life to the 18



### greed of certain economic

- driven interests. Stop 19



### the pollution, please." 20



### From Dr. Charlotte in Auburn, Alabama. 21



### "I am a Christian who is a scientist by 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### profession. As a physical chemist by training, I 1



### spent a teaching career of more than 30 years 2



### trying to teach students not only the laws by 3



### which the natural world operates, but the 4



### necessity of our being good stewards of the only 5



### planet ever likely to be available for human 6



### habitation. I support the effort s of the EPA to 7



### maintain the environment of the home God has 8



### given us by maintaining the quality of land, 9



### water, and air necessary for our survival and 10



### that of our fellow species on earth." 11



### Thank you. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 13



### Our next two speakers are Jessica 14



### Christy and Allison Donnelly. 15



### MS. CHRISTY: My name is Jessic a 16



### Christy. It is J

- E

- S

- S

- I

- C

- A, C

- H

- R

- I

- S

- T

- Y. I 17



### would like to start today by thanking you for 18



### allowing public comment on this rule. I am an 19



### asthma sufferer, and it has affected me in many 20



### different ways, and I appreciate you listening. 21



### There is a certain thing in my house 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### that if you get the cadence and the rhythm just 1



### right, it elicits a smile from me, my husband, 2



### and my oldest son. Let me tell you how it goes. 3



### "No, mama, no mama, no mama, no." You 4



### can even like do a little dance when you say it, 5



### and I am sure you are wondering what this has to 6



### do with carbon emissions, so let me tell you. 7



### I live in Washington, D.C. with my 8



### husband and my three children, age 10, 3, 18 9



### months. My oldest son has struggled with asthma 10



### for the past 7 years, and this stuff is really 11



### the reason why I am here to testify on behalf of 12



### limiting carbon emissions. 13



### Currently, my son's asthma is well 14



### controlled. We visit the doctor every three 15



### months like cl ockwork in order to ensure his 16



### asthma maintenance medication is working like it 17



### should. We get refills for his emergency 18



### medications, his inhaler, and we discuss 19



### different ways to minimize asthma triggers. 20



### However, there was a time when his 21



### asthma was no t so well controlled, and we have 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### been in the hospital overnight on more than one 1



### occasion. One of those times is worst asthmatic 2



### attack and is an especially vivid memory for me. 3



### My second child James was just two weeks 4



### old at the time, and my oldest son began having 5



### some trouble breathing. He had a dry, 6



### unproductive cough and I could see that his skin 7



### sinking down between his ribs with every breath 8



### that he took. 9



### Retractions is what I would later learn 10



### they are called. His doctor's office sent him to 11



### t he emergency room after several nebulizer 12



### treatments failed to raise his oxygen level. 13



### The ER admitted him into the hospital 14



### overnight when several more treatments failed to 15



### raise his oxygen levels back to normal. My 16



### husband stayed overnight with our son . The next 17



### afternoon I brought our two

- week

- old, who was 18



### nursing at the time, to the hospital, so that my 19



### husband could go home and shower and brush his 20



### teeth. 21



### By the time my husband returned to the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### hospital, the decision was made that he needed to 1



### stay another night, and he had also gotten a 2



### roommate another boy around 5 years old. Around 3



### 10:00 that evening, the other boy's mother showed 4



### up to the room. It incited a round of demands on 5



### the part of the boy and his mother meeting those 6



### demands with sooth ing words, and finally, the boy 7



### shouting, "No, mama, no mama, no mama, no" for 8



### the next 10 minutes until the nurse finally 9



### entered the room and suggested turning off the 10



### light. 11



### I can smile when I think about it now, 12



### thinking about being in that hospital r oom with 13



### my family and trying to sleep, and having this 14



### young child scream because he is so tired and he 15



### is so in distress from his troubled breathing, 16



### but in the moment I was terrified. 17



### After watching my son sleep after he had 18



### been on albuterol treatment s for several hours, 19



### it became clear just how much of a struggle it 20



### was for him to take just a small breath in and 21



### out. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### I still have the peak flow meter that 1



### they gave us at the hospital, and if you are not 2



### familiar with it, you make a seal around it with 3



### your mouth, and you blow as hard and as long as 4



### you can, and red means you are in trouble, yellow 5



### means you need to watch out, green means that you 6



### are in the clear. 7



### Without putting a seal on this, I can 8



### blow to the top. My son, when he is at his 9



### worst, has trouble making it out of the red. You 10



### can see just how much their small lungs are 11



### affected by triggers such as carbon emissions. 12



### You can see how clearly my son's asthma 13



### affected me. It's a constant part of my life, 14



### every time I leave the house I ha ve to make sure 15



### I am prepared. But let me tell you about another 16



### vivid memory of mine. 17



### During the Thanksgiving in 2007, before 18



### this trip to the hospital, my husband and I took 19



### a 3

- day trip t the Florida Keys. It was an 20



### amazing trip. We drove on the ove rseas highway 21



### from Miami down to mile marker zero on Route 1. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The next day we took a boat trip to a 1



### small chain of islands about 70 miles west of Key 2



### West called Dry Tortugas. It was a wonderful 3



### opportunity to learn about and appreciate both 4



### Civil War er a history as well as the fascinating 5



### ecosystem that is the coral reef. 6



### We toured the fort there and snorkeled 7



### in the coral reefs. Other visitors got a permit 8



### and were able to camp on the beach overnight. 9



### The trip wasn't all good. I didn't appreciate 10



### th e roosters crowing at 3:00 in the morning after 11



### the bars close, and if I had a choice, I would 12



### have passed on watching several people on the 13



### boat get seasick due to rough waters, but I 14



### wouldn't trade those memories for anything. 15



### It is memories like our tr ip to Dry 16



### Tortugas that I would like to continue to make 17



### with my family, and that is why I am asking you 18



### to limit carbon emissions, so that I don't have 19



### to start panicking as soon as I hear that dry, 20



### unproductive cough. 21



### Please help me protect my children' s 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### growing lungs. James and Mary, my two little 1



### ones have never experienced the difficulty that 2



### comes from an asthma attack and breathing, and I 3



### would like to try to keep it that way. 4



### I know I cannot protect my children from 5



### all harm, but I am depending o n the EPA to help 6



### me protect my children's lungs from harmful 7



### carbon emissions. Please put the health of my 8



### children and children across the United States 9



### first when setting limits on carbon emissions. 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 11



### MS. DONNELLY: Good eveni ng. My name is 12



### Allison Donnelly, A

- L

- L

- I

- S

- O

- N, D

- O

- N

- N

- E

- L

- L

- Y. 13



### I am a rising junior at Duke University, 14



### and I am originally from Appleton, Wisconsin. 15



### The current pollution standard is important for 16



### all of us, which is why you have heard today from 17



### pub lic health professionals, businesses, 18



### environmental organizations, economists, faith 19



### groups, mothers, and concerned citizens in 20



### support of the rule. 21



### I am here representing a voice and an 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### age group that isn't often included in these 1



### hearings, college stude nts. Like every other 2



### American, we have a stake in this, a 3



### responsibility to be informed and the right to 4



### speak up. We understand the health consequences 5



### of both pollution and climate change. We 6



### understand from basic economics concepts like 7



### externalitie s, how damages from pollution can end 8



### up costing us far more than what we actually pay. 9



### We also understand the messaging coming 10



### from the other side. Complying with the rule 11



### will cost the electric power sector more money to 12



### build and operate, and therefor e, lose jobs and 13



### hurt the economy. 14



### But this is far outweighed by the 15



### positive economic impacts, a factor which has 16



### been greatly understated and also affects us. 17



### The job rhetoric applies just as much to college 18



### students as to the rest of the country and 19



### p otentially even more. 20



### When my friends in the class of 2012 21



### graduate, or when I graduate in 2014, we enter 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the work force in full for the first time, and 1



### every single one of us is worried about finding 2



### work. 3



### The unemployment rate for workers under 4



### age 25 is 16.4 percent, twice as high as the 5



### national average. Also, notably, the 6



### underemployment rate for recent college graduates 7



### is 19.1 percent over the last year according to a 8



### recent report by the Nonpartisan Economic Policy 9



### Institute. 10



### We students have ide as and the knowhow 11



### to put them to good use, and we as members of an 12



### overeducated and underemployed work force will 13



### therefore tend to gravitate towards areas where 14



### we see progress and growth, areas where 15



### investments have sparked innovation. 16



### The carbon poll ution standard will do 17



### just this, spark innovation. It will create 18



### high

- paying jobs for an educated work force to 19



### develop and implement new technologies to provide 20



### clean, reliable power. 21



### A March 2012 report by the Economic 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Policy Institute stated that in vestments towards 1



### cleaning up and modernizing power plants would 2



### create 90 more jobs than it would displace. 3



### For example, the report analyzed the 4



### EPA's finalized mercury and air toxic standards 5



### and estimated that the rule would create 117,000 6



### new jobs. I nvestments in clean technologies for 7



### power plants would further spur one of the 8



### fastest growing industries worldwide, the clean 9



### energy sector. 10



### In the last seven years, investments in 11



### U.S. clean energy have increased 600 percent, and 12



### the industry already e mploys 2.7 million 13



### Americans according to the reports by the Pugh 14



### charitable trusts and the Brookings Institute 15



### respectively. 16



### This generation of current students is 17



### not bound to the view that traditional coal is 18



### how we have always done things, and that is how 19



### we are going to continue. 20



### In our lifetimes, we have seen massive 21



### strides with cleaner technologies, and we see no 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### need to hold onto outdated technology simply 1



### because alternatives represent a change to the 2



### status quo. 3



### We will be the ones in a few ye ars 4



### taking those massive strides in innovation 5



### ourselves. Therefore, we call on the EPA to 6



### enact the first ever carbon pollution standard 7



### for new power plants to reduce pollutants that 8



### should not be in our air in the first place, and 9



### spark innovation and new, cleaner technologies 10



### that will create jobs. 11



### We, the future American work force are 12



### counting on it. 13



### Thank you. 14



### MR. CULLIGAN: Our next two speakers are 15



### Rhett Buttle and Dr. Lilia Abron. 16



### MR. BUTTLE: My name is Rhett Buttle, 17



### R

- H

- E

- T

- T, last name But tle, B

- U

- T

- T

- L

- E, sort of 18



### like Gone with the Wind, but not exactly. 19



### Good evening. As I said, my name is 20



### Rhett Buttle. I am the national government 21



### affairs director for Small Business Majority. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Thank you for having me tonight. 1



### Small Business Majority i s a national 2



### nonpartisan, small business advocacy 3



### organization. We are founded and run by small 4



### business owners. We represent the 28 million 5



### Americans who are self

- employed or own small 6



### businesses. 7



### We conduct extensive opinion and 8



### economic research and work with our rapidly 9



### growing network of small business owners from 10



### across the country to ensure that their voices 11



### are an integral part of the public policy debate. 12



### Small businesses across the country are 13



### working to pull us out of the economic doldrums, 14



### a nd in that process, they continue outperforming 15



### large businesses in the face to put America back 16



### to work. 17



### But if we are to harness 100 percent of 18



### small business' support as job creators, the 19



### government must do its job to support them. 20



### Small businesses ha ve the potential to try the 21



### economy around, but they need smart policies to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### help them do so, and implementing stronger carbon 1



### pollution standards under the Clean Air Act can 2



### help. 3



### By concentrating their efforts on 4



### raising the requirement new power plants must 5



### meet, legislators can help entrepreneurs 6



### innovate, better their bottom lines and give the 7



### boost they need to rebuild America. 8



### We know this from our research. In two 9



### scientific opinion polls, Small Business Majority 10



### has commissioned over the past yea r, we found 11



### that America's entrepreneurs want pragmatic 12



### innovative policies that help guide them into 13



### competitive clean energy economy. 14



### Just last month we were at least opinion 15



### polling in six States that found that the vast 16



### majority of small business owne rs, 71 percent 17



### believe government investments in clean energy 18



### play an important role in creating new jobs in 19



### boosting our economy. 20



### That support remains strong despite the 21



### fate of Solyndra, a company that received a $535 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### million loan guarantee from the Fed eral 1



### Government prior to filing bankruptcy last year. 2



### In our poll, a majority, 6 in 10 owners 3



### agreed that Solyndra's failure doesn't mean the 4



### government should stop investing in renewable 5



### energy. Turning to the specific standard 6



### proposed by the EPA to li mit carbon emissions 7



### from new power plants, we have consistently found 8



### powerful and enduring support for this rule among 9



### small business owners. 10



### Our recent 6

- State poll, which surveyed 11



### small business owners in Colorado and Michigan, 12



### Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylva nia, and Virginia, 13



### revealed that more than three

- quarters of them, 14



### or 76 percent, are in favor of the EPA 15



### determining Federal limits on power plant 16



### emissions and greenhouse gases like carbon 17



### dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. 18



### So, unwavering is the suppo rt that a 19



### majority of these entrepreneurs would still back 20



### the standards even if it meant a possible 21



### increase in the utility rates. Fifty

- six percent 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### said that utility price increase wouldn't deter 1



### their support for these standards. 2



### In addition, 57 perce nt believed the 3



### EPA's regulation of carbon pollution and other 4



### emissions will impact their own businesses, which 5



### goes to show just how big of a game changer these 6



### standards can be for many small businesses. 7



### Those strong poll findings are 8



### consistent with t he results of our national poll 9



### that we conducted last summer. We asked more 10



### than 1,000 small business owners across the 11



### country how they view EPA standards under the 12



### Clean Air Act and if they would curb carbon 13



### emissions from power plants and other major 14



### emitters. 15



### The results directly mirrored our six 16



### people, 76 percent of respondents said they favor 17



### this kind of standard, and what is more, 43 18



### percent strongly favor it. 19



### In that poll, 6 in 10 of the individual 20



### small business owners said that the regulatio n of 21



### carbon emissions would impact their business 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### directly. They said it would impact it in a good 1



### way, which again reinforces the magnitude and the 2



### significance of economic benefits small 3



### businesses will see if the EPA can fully 4



### implement the carbon poll ution standard for new 5



### power plants. 6



### Not only will it strengthen standards, 7



### put the United States on a path to a more 8



### innovative, competitive economy, but also small 9



### business owners and consumers will save money 10



### over the long term that can be reinvested i n jobs 11



### and growing the economy. 12



### We support the EPA's proposed carbon 13



### pollution standard because it will be good for 14



### small businesses and our economy. 15



### Thank you. 16



### MS. ABRON: Good evening. My name is 17



### Lilia Abron, L

- I

- L

- I

- A
, A

- B

- R

- O

- N. 18



### I am the owner of a small business here 19



### in Washington, D.C. Thank you for having me here 20



### today. 21



### My business was founded in 1978 and we 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### are headquartered right here. We are an 1



### environmental engineering consulting firm meaning 2



### that our primary intent is to improve the 3



### envi ronment and to do so in a way that helps 4



### sustain a strong economy. 5



### We have done a tremendous amount of work 6



### for EPA in helping to provide sustainable and 7



### efficient solutions to various environmental 8



### issues. 9



### One of our major ongoing projects in the 10



### Distri ct presently addresses the reduction and 11



### mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the 12



### built environment. 13



### As a small business owner who has dealt 14



### directly with the issue at hand, and who has been 15



### in the consulting business for nearly 35 years, 16



### perhaps sin ce the industry began, I can assure 17



### you that supporting the Environmental Protection 18



### Agency standard to limit carbon emissions from 19



### power plants would do a great deal to give small 20



### businesses more opportunities in the green 21



### economy and our national economy a much needed 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### financial boost. 1



### Small businesses like mine, and perhaps 2



### all small businesses, for that matter, regardless 3



### of what industry they are in, have the potential 4



### to help turn the economy around, but what we need 5



### are smart policies to facilitate t hat process, 6



### implementing stronger carbon pollution standards 7



### under the Clean Air Act can help. 8



### We are proud to say that we are a member 9



### of the 71 percent of the small businesses that 10



### support this, and about 10 percent of our 11



### business now focuses on the r eduction of 12



### greenhouse gases in urban areas and the 13



### implementation of sustainable low carbon 14



### footprint human settlements in developing 15



### countries. 16



### The support from entrepreneurs for the 17



### Clean Air Act has been so steadfast that 56 18



### percent said they would st ill back the rule even 19



### if it meant a possible increase in their utility 20



### bills. 21



### In addition, small businesses like mine 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### say that we believe that the EPA's regulation of 1



### carbon pollution and other emissions would impact 2



### their businesses positively, that tru ly 3



### highlights how significant these standards could 4



### be for the small business sector. 5



### The carbon pollution standard for new 6



### power plants will help the United States become 7



### more competitive in the global economy, but more 8



### importantly it will have positive impacts at a 9



### local level here at home, because small 10



### businesses like me will have new project 11



### opportunities, and that new income over a long 12



### term will be used to reinvest in our businesses 13



### and create and maintain jobs, and contribute to 14



### the economic growth of our city and our country. 15



### One of my business goals is to help make 16



### Washington, D.C. one of the greenest cities in 17



### the world, and I support EPA's proposed carbon 18



### pollution standard because it will help me 19



### achieve that goal. 20



### Thank you. Thank you for t his 21



### opportunity. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. 1



### Rhett, are you going to submit more detailed 2



### written comments? 3



### MR. BUTTLE: Yes. 4



### MR. CULLIGAN: I assume you will be 5



### attaching all those, the more detailed poll 6



### results, and stuff? Thank you very much

. 7



### MS. ABRON: Thank you. 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: Our next two speakers are 9



### Ross Eisenberg and Beth Kemler. 10



### MR. EISENBERG: Good evening. My name 11



### is Ross Eisenberg, R

- O

- S

- S, E

- I

- S

- E

- N

- B

- E

- R

- G. I 12



### am vice president of Energy and Resource Policy 13



### for the National Association of Manufacturers. 14



### The NAM is the largest industrial trade 15



### association in the U.S., representing over 13,000 16



### small, medium, and large manufacturers in all 50 17



### states. 18



### The NAM is the leading voice for the 19



### manufacturing economy in Washington, D.C ., which 20



### provides millions of high wage jobs in the U.S. 21



### and generates more than $1.7 trillion in PDP. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### In addition, two

- thirds of any NAM 1



### members are small businesses, which serve as the 2



### engine for job growth. Our mission is to enhance 3



### the competitivenes s of manufacturers and improve 4



### American living standards by shaping a 5



### legislative and regulatory environment conducive 6



### to U.S. economic growth. 7



### We appreciate the opportunity to provide 8



### comments today at this hearing. 9



### Through these proposed new source 10



### per formance standards for electric generating 11



### units, EPA is proposing a dramatic and 12



### fundamental change to the scope and application 13



### of the Section 111 and its PS program under the 14



### Clean Air Act, and that will have long

- term 15



### implications for implementing an e nvironmental 16



### policy in the United States. 17



### The NAM and our member companies are 18



### committed to protecting the environment through 19



### greater environmental sustainability, increase 20



### energy efficiency, and conservation and reducing 21



### greenhouse gas emissions. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Howev er, we know the U.S. cannot solve 1



### the climate change issue alone. The 2



### establishment of Federal policies to reduce 3



### greenhouse gas emissions must therefore be done 4



### in a thoughtful, deliberative, and transparent 5



### process that ensures competitive level playing 6



### field for U.S. companies in the global 7



### marketplace. 8



### The EPA has proposed NSPS that a 9



### domestic only policy that sets a very dangerous 10



### precedent that regulations as opposed to the 11



### market decide which fuels should be utilized in 12



### facilities. 13



### Our President s aid it could very easily 14



### cascade to other manufacturing sectors, and 15



### despite EPA's assurances that the rule will not 16



### affect existing plants, EPA, in a voluntary 17



### settlement agreement, has committed to regulate 18



### greenhouse gas emissions from existing faciliti es 19



### under the same provision, and groups testifying 20



### today have urged the EPA to do so immediately. 21



### To issue this rule, EPA must first make 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### a finding that the source category contributes

-- 1



### and this is a quote

-- "contributes significantly 2



### to air pollution which may reasonably be 3



### anticipated to endanger public health and 4



### welfare." 5



### This Clear Air requirement, a 6



### significant contribution, is a fundamentally 7



### different finding than what the EPA made in its 8



### prior finding for motor vehicles under Section 9



### 202, whic h really cannot be relied upon as a 10



### backdrop for this regulation of utilities under 11



### Section 111, yet EPA's proposal failed to make 12



### the necessary finding of significant contribution 13



### of greenhouse gas emissions for the particular 14



### source category, which is re quired to do here and 15



### for possible future regulations. 16



### The EPA's proposed standard of 1,000 17



### pounds of CO 2 

### per megawatt hour does not reflect 18



### the best demonstrated technology for greenhouse 19



### gas reductions from new conventional coal

- fired 20



### power plants altho ugh it can be accomplished by 21



### different types of power plants, namely, natural 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### gas and IGCC with carbon capture and storage. 1



### When applied to conventional coal

- fired 2



### power plants, though, EPA's standard has been 3



### consistent with its own best available contr ol 4



### technology guidance for greenhouse gases, as well 5



### as just plant specific determinations that the 6



### EPA and the States have made over the past 18 7



### months. 8



### Of particular concern to manufacturers, 9



### is its own groups will argue that this 1,000 10



### pounds per megaw att hour standard should be 11



### applied as a backstander for other types of 12



### manufacturing facilities, both new and existing, 13



### which are required to give permits, but not 14



### actually explicitly covered by this rule. 15



### The NAM therefore believes that the EPA 16



### should p roceed with imposed NSPS rule at this 17



### juncture. EPA has not met the prerequisites to 18



### do so, and it does have discretion to defer 19



### regulation. 20



### The agency has an affirmative duty to 21



### promote predictability and reduce uncertainty 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### under President Obama's Execu tive Order 13563, 1



### and the settlement agreement that gave rise to 2



### this regulation does not provide any legally 3



### binding requirement for issuing the regulations, 4



### not a judiciously approved consent decree, and it 5



### specifically disclaims having the force and 6



### eff ect of a legal requirement. 7



### If EPA does, nonetheless, intend to 8



### proceed, the NAM believes the agency should 9



### consider withdrawing the proposal and restarting 10



### with an advanced notice or proposed rulemaking 11



### ANPR. 12



### This action will provide greater 13



### certainty f or manufacturers, they will be subject 14



### to the NSPS promulgated in the future. 15



### Thank you for your attention today, and 16



### the NAM looks forward to submitting a full set of 17



### comments to the agency before the deadline. 18



### Thank you. 19



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 20



### MS. KEMLER: Good evening. My name is 21



### Beth Kemler, B

- E

- T

- H, K

- E

- M

- L

- E

- R. I am the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Virginia State Director for Chesapeake Climate 1



### Action Network. We are a local, sort of regional 2



### organization here in D.C., Maryland, and 3



### Virginia, working to stop the climate crisis. 4



### We support strict limits on carbon 5



### pollution because climate change is already 6



### affecting people in our region. I want to tell 7



### you about a recent day of action that our members 8



### participated in called Climate Impacts Day. It 9



### was an international day of action aimed at 10



### connecting the dots between the sources of carbon 11



### pollution and their actual effects on people. 12



### Throughout Virginia and Maryland our 13



### supporters actually held up literal dots and took 14



### photos. We had about 25 dots over across the 15



### reg ion, and I want to just briefly tell you about 16



### three of those dots in Virginia. 17



### One of them was a group of residents in 18



### the Larchmont neighborhood of Norfolk led by 19



### resident Chris Scanlon, and if you don't know, 20



### Hampton Roads region in Virginia is the sec ond 21



### most vulnerable area of the country to sea level 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### rise, because the land is actually subsiding at a 1



### higher rate than most land does. 2



### So, they are actually on the front lines 3



### of sea level rise down in Hampton Roads, and in 4



### Larchmont, basically, about ev ery year the folks 5



### who live there, they live right on the water, 6



### pretty much every year their houses are getting 7



### flooded, so when a big storm comes through, their 8



### entire houses will get flooded and they will have 9



### to replace all their appliances. 10



### When you walk around in the 11



### neighborhood, you see For Sale signs all over the 12



### place, and folks are having to decide between 13



### losing tons of money on their house and having a 14



### productive life where they don't have to deal 15



### with flooding constantly. 16



### Another dot was hel d up by Joe Bouchard. 17



### He is a retired U.S. Navy Captain. He was 18



### Commander of the Naval Station at Norfolk, the 19



### largest Navy Base that we have, and he held up a 20



### dot that said "Climate crisis equal national 21



### security crisis." 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### So, the naval station down the re is 1



### obviously being affected as well, and they have 2



### 14 piers that they are currently spending tens of 3



### millions of dollars to raise, because the sea 4



### level rise is affecting them that much. 5



### Another dot that we had down in Virginia 6



### was held up in Heathsvil le, Virginia, at Athena 7



### Vineyards and Winery. The president of the 8



### Vineyard, one of the co

- owners, Carol Spengler, 9



### held up the dot, and it said, "Get it before we 10



### can't make it anymore." 11



### Down in Virginia, the growing seasons 12



### are shifting so much that Car ol's vineyard has 13



### only been around since 2003 and over the past 10 14



### years, the blooming time has actually shifted to 15



### three weeks earlier, not three days, not a week, 16



### three weeks earlier over the course of 10 years, 17



### and grapes are so sensitive to temperature s that 18



### just a couple of degrees, a slight shift can make 19



### a difference between a $100 bottle of wine and 20



### cooking sherry. 21



### So folks all over Virginia, various 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### people are being affected already, and therefore, 1



### we support very strict limits. We would love to 2



### see even stricter limits in the future, but we 3



### think this is a really great first step towards 4



### climate stability. 5



### Thank you. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. Ross, 7



### just two questions, and I am not looking for a 8



### detailed answer, but I assume your commen ts will 9



### go into more depth on why you don't think we made 10



### the appropriate finding? 11



### MR. EISENBERG: Our written comments 12



### will. 13



### MR. CULLIGAN: And you talked about an 14



### ANPR being a strategy, will your comments go into 15



### what you think would be the appropriate standard 16



### to talk about? 17



### MR. EISENBERG: They absolutely will. 18



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 19



### Our next two speakers are Larry 20



### Greenfield and Jennifer Abel. 21



### MR. GREENFIELD: As a person who has 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### suffered from asthma since birth, I came today to 1



### testify in fav or of the EPA standards to regulate 2



### carbon emissions. 3



### People with asthma have serious 4



### limitations in their quality of life. For 5



### example, combined with global warming, if you 6



### have asthma, you are advised not to go outside 7



### during excessively hot summer day s in the 8



### Washington area in particular, probably in many 9



### other areas. 10



### The hot weather combined with the 11



### pollution is dangerous to oneself especially if 12



### you have asthma. Asthma is related to other 13



### serious lung problems and I myself have been 14



### hospitalized numerous times with asthma, most 15



### recently five years ago I was given up for dead 16



### in the hospital. 17



### Asthma causes increases in medical 18



### costs, doctors and emergency room visits, 19



### hospitalizations, extensive use of prescribed 20



### medicines, and for people who are suffering from 21



### unemployment today, especially recently with the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### high unemployment, they often lose their health 1



### insurance, and this puts an increasing burden on 2



### people to have to cover these costs. 3



### I applaud EPA for regulating, attempting 4



### to regulate carb on emissions and pollution in 5



### general. 6



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 7



### MS. STRINE: Larry, where are you from? 8



### MR. GREENFIELD: I am from Kensington, 9



### Maryland. 10



### MS. STRINE: Thank you very much. 11



### MS. ABEL: My name is Jennifer Abel 12



### J

- E

- N

- N

- I

- F

- E

- R, A

- B

- E

- L. I appreciate the 13



### opportunity to speak in support of the proposed 14



### carbon pollution standard that would limit 15



### industrial carbon pollution from new power 16



### plants. 17



### The scientific community is in agreement 18



### that global warming and climate disruption are 19



### real phe nomenon and that the causes are man

- made. 20



### It is therefore crucial that our 21



### government take action to move us away from 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### greenhouse gas producing power generation methods 1



### and increase the availability of renewable energy 2



### sources. 3



### Passing the proposed pollu tion standard 4



### is a step in the right direction and is also 5



### vitally important for the health of our children 6



### and other vulnerable populations. 7



### I am a long

- time volunteer with the 8



### Sierra Club and fought to close the GenOn 9



### coal

- fired power plant in Alexandri a that was 10



### shown to be spewing pollutants into the air in 11



### Alexandria and in Arlington where I live. 12



### I am grateful that this plant will be 13



### closing, and I think we owe it to the future of 14



### our children to ensure that coal

- fired power 15



### plants that continue to operate exceed clean air 16



### standards. 17



### I also believe that the pollution 18



### standard is an important tool to reduce the 19



### effects of climate disruption particularly 20



### related to the rise in extreme weather events 21



### from increased severe storms and hurricanes and 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### frea k warming trends in winters in this area to 1



### long

- term droughts and wildfires in other parts 2



### of the country. 3



### We are clearly seeing an unnaturally 4



### high level of extreme weather occurrences. 5



### We obviously take seriously the 6



### scientific community's warnings ab out the impact 7



### of climate change and the impact on our economy, 8



### public health, and environment if the warnings go 9



### unheeded. 10



### I applaud the EPA's proposed pollution 11



### standards and hope that they will be passed and 12



### put into effect without delay. 13



### Thank you fo r your time and attention. 14



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you both. 15



### Our next two speakers are Tim Stevens 16



### and Alex Bond. 17



### MR. STEVENS: Good evening. My name is 18



### Tim Stevens. That is T

- I

- M, S

- T

- E

- V

- E

- N

- S. 19



### I am a retired resident of Falls Church 20



### in Northern Virgi nia. I support the EPA's 21



### proposed regulations to begin limiting carbon 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### pollution from fossil fuel

- fired power plants. 1



### According to the Union of Concerned 2



### scientists, roughly 45 percent of our electricity 3



### comes from coal

- fired power plants, and they are 4



### r esponsible for one

- third of this country's 5



### greenhouse gas emissions. 6



### On an individual basis, each of us is 7



### responsible for approximately 20 tons of 8



### greenhouse gas emissions annually, and that 9



### translate to about 115 pounds of carbon dioxide 10



### daily per perso n. 11



### Using the one

- third fraction that I just 12



### mentioned, the greenhouse gas emissions from 13



### burning coal, which is mainly carbon dioxide, 14



### translates to about 40 pounds a day per person. 15



### Putting 40 pounds of anything into the air on a 16



### daily basis seems extre me, let alone considering 17



### that this is a pollution source that is 18



### disrupting our climate and leading to a number of 19



### significant health concerns requiring billions of 20



### dollars to treat. 21



### These viewpoints sum up why the proposal 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### to limit to 1,000 pounds of ca rbon dioxide per 1



### megawatt of power produced is reasonable by any 2



### standard that has the public interest at its 3



### local point. 4



### Given what is at stake, the EPA could 5



### easily be criticized for being too timid in this 6



### initial effort to regulate carbon dioxide 7



### emi ssions from stationary sources, but knowing 8



### that the EPA has already received substantial 9



### criticism from those who want carbon pollution to 10



### continue unabated, I will instead emphasize the 11



### positive and praise the EPA for taking this first 12



### step to establish a uniform national limit on the 13



### amount of carbon pollution that future power 14



### plants can emit. 15



### This rule should have a positive 16



### multiplier effect in several respects. It will 17



### be a signal to other countries that the U.S. is 18



### finally willing to take some ste ps to reduce out 19



### greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn should 20



### help others follow the same path. 21



### It will help give additional emphasis to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the need to develop renewable sources of energy, 1



### ones that do not emit carbon pollution. Of 2



### course, there is a posi tive economic benefit to 3



### that. 4



### It will also help us address our status 5



### here in the Washington area as a nonattainment 6



### area, as carbon dioxide contributes to harmful 7



### ozone. Given that the EPA issued its 8



### endangerment filing in 2009, this proposed rule 9



### is l ong overdue, and I support seeing it 10



### implemented. 11



### Thank you. 12



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you. 13



### MR. BOND: Good e vening. I'm Alex Bond, 14



### A

- L

- E

- X, B

- O

- N

- D. I am the director of Air 15



### Quality for the National Mining Association. NMA 16



### represents the producers of mos t of America's 17



### coal, metal, and metals industrial and 18



### agricultural minerals. 19



### Like the recent rules directed at the 20



### electricity sector, this proposal by the U.S. EPA 21



### to establish new source performance standards, to 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### reduce greenhouse gas emissions from new electric 1



### utility generating sources is not designed to 2



### improve environment performance, but rather to 3



### force retirement of existing power plants and bar 4



### the construction of new, more efficient coal 5



### plants that would provide our nation robust, 6



### diverse, reli able and affordable source of 7



### electricity. 8



### My comment today will highlight the 9



### unlawful, unprecedented, and unwise nature of 10



### EPA's proposed rule in a shortened version of 11



### official comments that I have submitted to the 12



### docket. 13



### Initially, the proposed rule from EPA is 14



### unlawful. EPA in it NSPS proposal is further 15



### evidence that the Clean Air Act is ill suited for 16



### addressing climate change. Moreover, it 17



### demonstrates how EPA's regulatory approach yields 18



### only stunning costs while producing little, if 19



### any, meas urable benefits. 20



### Section 111(b) requires that NSPS 21



### reflect the best system of emissions reduction, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### BSEER. EPA's proposal one illegally combines 1



### distinct source categories, natural gas and 2



### coal

- fired units into super category of electric 3



### generator units a nd then chooses a natural gas 4



### combined cycle plant at BSEER. 5



### NGCC is a technology, not a system for 6



### emissions reduction, and unlawfully requires a 7



### coal plant to be something entirely different 8



### than what it actually is, a natural gas combined 9



### cycle plant. 10



### The proposed NSPS is aimed at denying 11



### America affordable and reliable coal electricity 12



### by forcing fuel switching. The proposal acts as 13



### a de facto mandate to force utilities to fuel 14



### switch from coal to natural gas. 15



### If EPA truly wanted to address 16



### greenhou se emissions, they would have issued 17



### achievable performance, and it is for both 18



### natural gas and coal

- fired units, and wouldn't 19



### have exempted less efficient, simple cycle 20



### natural gas units from the rule in its entirety. 21



### EPA's proposal is also unprecedented

. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### The agency's decision to combine two distinct 1



### technologies, which have been previously treated 2



### as entirely separate categories, into one 3



### regulated source category is unprecedented. 4



### EPA's decision to treat dissimilar technologies 5



### as equals for GHG emiss ions bucks decades of 6



### established clear air policy. 7



### The only control option that EPA focuses 8



### upon, carbon capture and storage for coal

- fired 9



### units is commercially unavailable. If CCS 10



### becomes commercially viable in the future, there 11



### is no reason to believ e that it would not also be 12



### available for natural gas combined cycle units. 13



### EPA would be able to conduct a rulemaking to set 14



### appropriate NSPS across both source categories. 15



### Until such a time it is reckless for EPA 16



### to pursue this rulemaking. 17



### Finally, the proposed NSPS is unwise. 18



### EPA admits that there are no benefits from this 19



### proposed rulemaking based on the assumption that 20



### no new coal plants would be built in future years 21



### even in the absence of this rule. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### This argument is self

- serving in its own 1



### right to justify a rule that imposes a standard 2



### that all but guarantees that no new coal plant 3



### will be constructed even if energy supplies and 4



### costs change in the future. 5



### It is stunning shortsighted and unwise 6



### to base the future of our energy policy on such 7



### an assumption. 8



### The proposal will only impair the 9



### reliability and affordability of domestic energy 10



### supplies as well by severely diminishing the 11



### diversity of electric generation sole sources 12



### that we rely upon in the United States. 13



### The de facto ban on new high efficiency 14



### coal plants, leaves U.S. households and 15



### businesses exposed to a less reliable, more 16



### expensive and more volatile electric mix of 17



### generation sources. 18



### EPA relies upon faulty assumptions about 19



### natural gas supplies. EPA incorrectly assumes 20



### that th ere will be an adequate, reliable and 21



### affordable supply of natural gas that can sustain 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### electricity supply, which is not supplied to find 1



### any support in energy forecasts. 2



### Incremental net domestic supply, go 3



### through Shell Gas, may be less than half of what 4



### it needed. This has far

- reaching implications 5



### for thwarting this so

- called U.S. manufacturing 6



### renaissance that our colleagues in NAM recently 7



### spoke about. There will also be a supply deficit 8



### for fueling any potential industrial growth. 9



### Finally, I would like to offer a better 10



### way forward for the agency. The better way, and 11



### the only way, for it to reduce greenhouse gas 12



### emission from EGUs is to set a practical and 13



### achievable standard for coal and natural 14



### gas

- fired units that is in step with all of the 15



### abo ve energy strategy. 16



### Instead of placing de facto bans on new 17



### coal construction, EPA rules should enable new 18



### advance coal generation that pays both economic 19



### and environmental dividends by replacing old coal 20



### units and more efficient, low emission, super 21



### crit ical coal plants. We should acknowledge the 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### economic benefits of a stable and diverse 1



### electric generation mix and realize that policies 2



### such as this fly in the face of that goal. 3



### I close by urging the agency to withdraw 4



### its proposed rule for all of the a bove stated 5



### reasons. NMA will submit more detailed written 6



### comments by the June 25th, 2012 comment deadline 7



### that will focus upon the legal and policy 8



### implications of EPA's proposed rule. 9



### Thank you for your time today. 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. 11



### Alex, in those more detailed comments, I 12



### assume you will go into the concerns you have 13



### about gas price assumptions? 14



### MR. BOND: Yes. 15



### MR. CULLIGAN: You also suggested what 16



### you thought the cost of the rule would be. I 17



### assume we will get more detail on that

. 18



### MR. BOND: Cost of the rule and

-- 19



### MR. CULLIGAN: I think at one point you 20



### said that it would have very large costs to the 21



### rule. I assume you will give us some detail on 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### how you come up with those numbers. 1



### MR. BOND: We are building an analysis 2



### right now. I don't have those for you now 3



### unfortunately. 4



### MR. CULLIGAN: I just wanted to make 5



### sure, I suspect it would probably a fairly 6



### detailed set of comments. 7



### The last thing is you suggested that we 8



### should have a separate standard for gas and coal. 9



### MR. BOND: Yes. 10



### MR. CULLIGAN: I imagine you will talk 11



### in detail about what you think an appropriate 12



### level would be for a coal plant. 13



### MR. BOND: I believe that is what our 14



### plan is at the moment. Our focus is also to 15



### highlight the fact that this is the first time 16



### that you have combined two unlike sources into 17



### one category, and haven't set separate standards. 18



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank you very much. 19



### We have got Anastasia Shemkes, I am sure 20



### I got that wrong and I apologize. And I see Seth 21



### Long. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### MS. SHEMKES: My name is Anastasia 1



### Shemkes. I work at the Sierra Club. I work for 2



### the Sierra Student Coalition, but I am here 3



### mostly representing myself. 4



### I grew up in Seattle, Washington, and 5



### Seattle, Washington is more famous for Mount 6



### Rainier. I grew up with Mount Ra inier outside. 7



### I can see it from my house, I saw it every day in 8



### the city. 9



### You grow up with a sense of on clear 10



### days you can't always see Mount Rainier very 11



### clearly. There is a haze like over the top of 12



### it, and so you are looking at this beautiful 13



### mount ain, but you can only see pieces of it. 14



### People always say, "Oh, it is such a big 15



### mountain, it has its own micro

- climate," and it 16



### wasn't until I got older that I learned that the 17



### reason that I couldn't see Mount Rainier 18



### sometimes on clear days was because of dangerous 19



### pollutants that were being dumped into our air 20



### from sources like coal

- fired power plants. 21



### These toxic emissions, carbon pollution, 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### particulate matter, sulphur, you know, I can talk 1



### about it kind of funny, in a sense of, you know, 2



### oh, like I j ust thought Mount Rainier had its own 3



### micro

- climate, but it actually represents a much 4



### bigger issue. 5



### So, I work for the Sierra Student 6



### Coalition, and I work with students across the 7



### nation who are working to retire coal

- fired power 8



### plants on their campuse s, and they are driven to 9



### protect their future, my future. 10



### I have students in Kentucky who were 11



### taking shelter from the record tornado outbreaks 12



### that were happening throughout the Midwest. I 13



### work with another student who has suffered from 14



### asthma since sh e was a young child and had 15



### actually been hospitalized for her asthma before. 16



### These are very serious and like real 17



### cases representing these issues, that the 18



### pollution they are coming from coal

- fired power 19



### plants, it is climate disruption. This is a very 20



### real thing where I have started to see the 21



### impacts of this pollution in my lifetime, and I 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### am going to be dealing with a much different 1



### future than the current one than what we have 2



### now. 3



### It is our job right now to protect my 4



### future, to protect my children 's future with new 5



### standards like these new carbon pollution 6



### standards. In the case of my friend, you know, 7



### the student that I work with who suffers from 8



### asthma, she is one of millions. 9



### There are so many children and young 10



### people and older folks and peop le in 11



### underprivileged communities that suffer from 12



### asthma and other lung diseases because of the 13



### pollutants coming from these coal

- fired power 14



### plants. 15



### I don't want my children to have asthma, 16



### I don't want my children or my nephews or nieces 17



### or my cousins, you know, or I don't want to 18



### develop asthma, and these are very, very real 19



### issues. 20



### I applaud these standards and urge you 21



### to approve them. I think that they are a huge 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### step in protecting our future and cleaning up our 1



### air and protecting the health of fu ture 2



### generations. 3



### MR. LONG: Thank you for giving me time 4



### to speak. It's a little late. I appreciate 5



### having this opportunity. I think the EPA's new 6



### standards for carbon pollution, for coal plants, 7



### it's an excellent step forward in the right 8



### direction. I am impressed that EPA is moving 9



### forward with these. 10



### I think it has only been about 20 years 11



### or so, maybe 30, where science has really 12



### understood the impacts of carbon pollution on 13



### climate change and the quality of air. 14



### So, it is understandable. I thi nk that 15



### there is a little bit of resistance from coal 16



### energy companies, and there is a little bit of a 17



### lag since it is relatively new, but I think all 18



### of us would agree especially living around here 19



### in the summers that the air quality is definitely 20



### sufferi ng. 21



### Just anecdotally, myself and my friends 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### this past spring, with the early spring and the 1



### pollen counts dramatically increasing and just 2



### really taking a beating on our lungs. I feel 3



### like every other person I know has suffered from 4



### respiratory ailments this summer, and I don't 5



### know about you, but last summer in D.C. it was 6



### atrocious. 7



### I was living in a third floor house 8



### without air conditioning under a metal roof, 9



### which was horrible I wouldn't recommend it to 10



### anybody, but it was cheap, so it was not ple asant 11



### though, basically, sleep on the floor with two 12



### fans blowing over me, it was just miserable, it 13



### did not make my life

-- my life was pretty 14



### unpleasant at the time. 15



### It is just a vicious circle, if we only 16



### continued to crank up our air conditioners to 17



### f ight back, and global warming, it is only going 18



### to get worse, but I know we can do better. The 19



### United States has always been a leader in 20



### technological innovation. We already had the 21



### resources and the knowhow to invest in clean 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### energy solutions, to addres s these problems, and 1



### while the coal companies are fighting back, they 2



### talk about the loss of jobs. There are clearly 3



### more jobs created by winds and solar energy than 4



### coal production. 5



### You know, they are one of the wealthiest 6



### industries in the country or in the world that 7



### have even ever existed, so I think really those 8



### concerns are minimal. If people are suffering 9



### with asthma, things like asthma and worse 10



### allergies and heat strokes because the air is 11



### increasing like how many job they have had, it 12



### will not be that important if they are in the 13



### hospital. 14



### I would just like to say thank you for 15



### implementing these new standards. I think the 16



### science is there. It is clear, it is not really 17



### a mystery to anybody. We use science to build 18



### our roads, build computer s that everybody relies 19



### on. We shouldn't give in to false arguments 20



### about jobs or science on something that is so 21



### important as our health. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Thank you. 1



### MR. CULLIGAN: Thank both of you. 2



### We have one more speaker at this point. 3



### Christine Guhl. 4



### MS. GUHL: My name is Christine Guhl. 5



### C

- H

- R

- I

- S

- T

- I

- N

- E, G

- U

- H

- L. First, I just want 6



### to say thank you for this opportunity and also 7



### thanks to you folks for being here. It has been 8



### a very long day for you I know, so I appreciate 9



### it, and we all appreciate you takin g the time to 10



### listen to us and listen to so many comments in 11



### support of this rule. 12



### I am glad to be here to close. But the 13



### other comment is it is no mystery that the Sierra 14



### Club is supporting this rule. I am a New Jersey 15



### Sierra Club organizer, but I woul d really like to 16



### talk about how this rule will affect the people 17



### of New Jersey because that is where I am from, 18



### that is where I live. 19



### Climate change is already affecting New 20



### Jersey, and a standard on carbon pollution will 21



### help to curb the effects that it is having. From 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### the small to the really large issues, climate 1



### change is already here and it is already 2



### happening, and I just want to give you a few 3



### anecdotes that maybe will be humorous, but are 4



### also very real. 5



### In March, I found out that my dog has 6



### Lyme disease, and I love my dog as I am sure 7



### everyone does, and I was really surprised that my 8



### dog had Lyme disease because it was March and I 9



### didn't think that ticks would be active. 10



### When I went to my vet, I was told that 11



### this last year he saw 3,000 cases of Lyme 12



### disease. It had grown every year since he had 13



### been practicing, and I was really interested in 14



### that fact. 15



### So, I went home and, of course, I went 16



### to the Internet like everyone does, and I found 17



### out that one of the reasons that Lyme disease has 18



### become so prevalent in States like New Jersey and 19



### actually north all the way into Canada is because 20



### the winters are just getting warmer, and so every 21



### year that we have a warmer winter and less days 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### below freezing, the ticks will be active and 1



### therefore there will be more Lyme disease. 2



### Actually, it is not just my dog that had 3



### Lyme disease in the last few years. I had Lyme 4



### disease, my mom had Lyme disease. My sister had 5



### Lyme disease, and my sister's two dogs had Lyme 6



### disease. 7



### So, yes, that is anecdotal, but ther e is 8



### a lot of research to support that infectious 9



### diseases are going to get worse, not just in 10



### places like Sub

- Saharan Africa, but in places 11



### like New Jersey which is in the United States, 12



### which is clearly out of the central purview of 13



### the EPA. 14



### So, that is just one small anecdote 15



### about infectious diseases, but there are many, 16



### many more. 17



### Another one is allergies. My colleague 18



### was just up here talking about allergies and how 19



### they are getting worse, and that is another issue 20



### that I suffer from, that I, of co urse, went to 21



### the Internet and looked up why my allergies were 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### getting so much worse in the last few years, and 1



### particularly this year. 2



### Actually, pollen counts have gotten much 3



### higher and have shown up much, much earlier, 4



### every week for the least few year s, and that is 5



### because we have just been having a warmer winter, 6



### and there are many, many allergists and asthma 7



### specialist who will attest to that, and there are 8



### a lot of studies that have been done that have 9



### proven that allergies are getting worse as a 10



### re sult of higher pollen counts, which are cause 11



### by warmer weather, warmer weather every year. 12



### So, these are kind of the more I guess 13



### minimal effects that climate change is having 14



### right now, but they are effects that are already 15



### happening. They are only goi ng to get worse as 16



### the years go on, and they are not just health 17



### effects, although we have heard a lot about them 18



### today. There are effects to New Jersey and to 19



### the planet that will be happening in 20 years, 20



### but that are already starting. 21



### Rising sea level is an issue 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### particularly of concern for coastal States. I 1



### don't live on the beach, but I do like to go 2



### there, and I don't want to see it go away. 3



### Places like Long Beach Island in New 4



### Jersey are already suffering with flooding. I 5



### live on the Delaware Ri ver. There is a lot of 6



### flooding going on there, so there are already 7



### things happening in the State of New Jersey that 8



### are effects of climate disruption, and there are 9



### things that we need to do now to make sure that 10



### those effects don't get worse. 11



### One of t he things that we need to do is 12



### ensure that we have limits on carbon pollution. 13



### It is dangerous, it is dangerous for our health, 14



### it is dangerous for our planet, and I want to 15



### thank you for proposing this rule. 16



### I know that you have heard from probably 17



### ove r 100 people here today. You have gotten 18



### millions of comments in support of this rule. I 19



### would just like you to take those comments into 20



### consideration when making decisions about 21



### implementing it and go forward. 22OLENDER REPORTING, INC. 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., #810, Washington D.C. 20036

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### Don't take any steps back. You have 1



### done a great thing. Thank you for your time and 2



### thank you for proposing the rule. 3



### MR. CULLIGAN: We will take a brief 4



### recess, and if somebody else shows up, we will 5



### listen to them. If anybody here hasn't spoken 6



### and they would like to, there is an opportunity

. 7



### [Recess from 7:27 to 8 p.m.] 8



### MR. CULLIGAN: It's 8 p.m. We have no 9



### other speakers, so we are going to close the 10



### hearing. Thank you. 11



### [Hearing adjourned at 8 p.m.] 12

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