Federal Records Relating to
 

Civil Rights in the
 

Post­World War II Era
 

R E F E R E N C E I N F O R M A T I O N P A P E R 1 1 3

Na tiona l Ar chive s and Re cords Administr a tion, Wa shing ton, DC

2006
                 

Federal Records Relating to Civil Rights

in the Post­World War II Era

C O M P I L E D B Y WA LT E R B . H I L L , J R . , A N D L I S H A B . P E N N

R E F E R E N C E I N F O R M A T I O N P A P E R 1 1 3

National Archives and Records Administration
 

Washington, DC
 

2006
     

   

   

    

    

    

                  

    

   

     

         

   

   

   

     

United States. National Archives and Records Administration.

Federal records relating to civil rights in the post­World

War II era / compiled by Walter B. Hill, Jr., and Lisha B.

Penn.—Washington, DC : National Archives and Records

Administration, 2006.

p. ; cm.— (Reference information paper ; 113)

1. United States. National Archives and Records Administration –

Catalogs. 2. African Americans – Civil rights – History –

20th century – Sources – Bibliography – Catalogs. 3. Civil

rights movements – United States – History – 20th century –

Sources – Bibliography – Catalogs. 4. United States – Race

relations – History – 20th century – Sources – Bibliography

– Catalogs. I. Hill, Walter B. II. Penn, Lisha B. III. United

States. National Archives and Records Administration. IV. Title.

Cover: Washington, DC; President Eisenhower with Negro leaders following conference on problems of school integration and other matters affecting Negroes. Left to right: Lester B. Granger, Executive Secretary, National

Urban League; Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., President, Southern Leadership

Conference; E. Frederick Morrow, Administrative Officer, the White House;

President Eisenhower; Asa Philip Randolph, Vice President, AFL­CIO; U.S.

Attorney General William P. Rogers; Rocco Siciliano, Special Assistant to

the President; and Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary, National Association

for the Advancement of Colored People. (306­PS­58­133001)

Back Cover: Leaders at the head of the Civil Rights March on Washington,

DC, August 28, 1963. (306­SSM­4A­35­6)

ii
   

         

         

   

   

                    

c o n t e n t s

Preface ix
 

PA RT I: I n t r o d u c t i o n

Scope of the Paper 1
 

Principles of Arrangement 3
 

Editor’s Note 3
 

Other Sources 4
 

Regional Archives 5
 

Presidential Libraries 7
 

Acknowledgments 10
 

PA RT I I: E x e c u t i v e B r a n c h R e c o r d s
 

i n t h e N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s , Wa s h i n g t o n , D C , A r e a
 

Record Group 12  Records of the Office of Education 11
 

Records of the Office of the Commissioner 11
 

Records of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Education 14
 

Records of the Division of Higher Education 15
 

Records of Special Projects and Programs/National Survey of
 

Vocational Education and Guidance of Negroes 18
 

Records of the Division of Equal Educational Opportunity 20
 

Records of the Bureau of Elementary and Secondary Education 24
 

Record Group 40  General Records of the Department of Commerce 26
 

Records of the Office of the Secretary 26
 

Record Group 51 Records of the Office of Management and Budget 30
 

Records of the Transportation, Commerce, and Housing Division 30
 

Records of the Office of the Director 32
 

Record Group 56 General Records of the Department of the Treasury 39
 

Records of the Office of Employment Policy Programs 40
 

Records of the Office of the Under Secretary 42
 

iii
   

   

   

   

   

   

     

Record Group 60  General Records of the Department of Justice 43
 

Records of the Civil Rights Division 46
 

Record Group 65  Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 61
 

Record Group134  Records of the Interstate Commerce Commission 92
 

Records of the Bureau of Enforcement 93
 

Record Group 146 Records of the U.S. Civil Service Commission 94
 

Records of the Office of Personnel Management 94
 

Records of the Office of the Commissioners 95
 

Record Group 174  General Records of the Department of Labor 96
 

Records of the Office of the Secretary 97
 

Records of the Office of the Solicitor 103
 

Records of the President’s Committee on 

Government Contract Compliance (CGCC) 105
 

Records of the Office of Administrative Law Judges 106
 

Records of the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs 107
 

Records of the Office of Program Analysis and Evaluation 109
 

Record Group 196 Records of the Public Housing Administration 109
 

Record Group 207 General Records of the Department of Housing 

and Urban Development 110
 

Records of the Office of the Secretary 118
 

Records of the Office of the Under Secretary 121
 

Other Records 122
 

Record Group 220  Records of Temporary Committees, Commissions,
 

and Boards 123
 

Records of the President’s Committee on Equal Employment,
 

1961–65 124
 

Record Group 235  General Records of the Department of Health,
 

Education, and Welfare 127
 

Records of the Office of the Secretary 128
 

Record Group 237  Records of the Federal Aviation Administration 128
 

Records of the Office of Compliance and Security 129
 

Records of the Office of the Administrator 130
 

Record Group 319  Records of the Army Staff 131
 

Records of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Military
 

Operations (ODCSOPS) 131
 

iv
                

     

   

   

   

   

   

         

   

     

Record Group 381 Records of the Community Services Administration 133
 

Headquarters Records of the Office of Economic Opportunity 133
 

Records of the Office of the Director 134
 

Records of the Office of Civil Rights 137
 

Records of the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation 139
 

Record Group 398 General Records of the Department of
 

Transportation 140
 

Records of the Office of the Secretary of Transportation 140
 

Record Group 403  Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity
 

Commission 141
 

Records of the Office of the Chairman 143
 

Records of the Compliance Division 147
 

Other Records 148
 

Record Group 406  Records of the Federal Highway Administration 150
 

Mixed Directive Files, 1961–69 151
 

Records of the Office of the Administrator 152
 

Record Group 441  General Records of the Department of Education 152
 

Records of the Office of the Secretary 153
 

Records of the National Institute of Education 154
 

Record Group 453  Records of the United States Commission on 

Civil Rights 155
 

Records of the Office of the Chairman 156
 

Records of the Office of the Staff Director 158
 

Record of the Office of the Deputy Staff Director 165
 

Records of the Office of the General Counsel 166
 

Records of the Office of Management Activities 169
 

Records of the Liaison and Information Office 169
 

Records of the Office of Federal Civil Rights Evaluation 171
 

Records of the Federal Programs Division 172
 

Records of the Clearinghouse Division 175
 

Record Group 527  Records of the United States Marshals Service 177
 

PA RT I I I: R e c o r d s i n t h e
 

C e n t e r f o r L e g i s l a t i v e A r c h i v e s
 

Record Group 46  Records of the U.S. Senate

v

179
       

         

       

   

   

   

                      

                      

       

   

   

   

  

   

         

                  

   

     

                

   

                      

                      

Record Group 233  Records of the U.S. House of Representatives 179
 

Survey of Documents 182
 

PA RT I V: R e c o r d s i n t h e
 

O f f i c e o f R e g i o n a l A r c h i v e s S e r v i c e s
 

NARA—Pacific Alaska Region (Seattle) 187
 

Record Group 21  Records of District Courts of the United States 187
 

Record Group 403  Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity 

Commission 190
 

NARA—Southeast Region (Atlanta) 190
 

Record Group 21  Records of District Courts of the United States 190
 

NARA—Northeast Region (Boston) 198
 

Record Group 21 Records of the District Courts of the United States 198
 

NARA—Great Lakes Region (Chicago) 199
 

Record Group 21 Records of the District Courts of the United States 199
 

Record Group 228  Records of the Committee on Fair Employment 

Record Group 211  Records of the War Manpower Commission,
 

Record Group 403  Records of the Equal Employment 

Record Group 276  Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals 205
 

Record Group 75  Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs 207
 

Record Group 155  Records of the Wage and Hour Division 207
 

Practices, 1941–1946 208
 

1942–1945 208
 

Record Group 156  Records of the Office of the Chief of Ordnance 208
 

Record Group 92 Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General 208
 

Opportunity Commission 209
 

Record Group 146  Records of the U.S. Civil Service Commission 209
 

Record Group 381 Records of the Community Services Administration 209
 

NARA—Rocky Mountain Region (Denver) 210
 

Record Group 527  Records of the United States Marshals Service 210
 

Record Group 60  General Records of the Department of Justice 215
 

NARA—Southwest Region (Fort Worth) 216
 

Record Group 21 Records of the District Courts of the United States 216
 

NARA—Central Plains Region (Kansas City) 218
 

Record Group 21 Records of the District Courts of the United States 218
 

vi
   

                      

       

   

   

                      

                      

       

   

   

   

   

         

       

   

   

   

   

   

Record Group 228  Records of the Committee on Fair 

Employment Practice 222

NARA­Pacific Region (Laguna Niguel) 222
 

Record Group 21 Records of the District Courts of the United States 222
 

Record Group 276  Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals 223
 

NARA—Northeast Region (New York City) 224
 

Record Group 21  Records of the District Courts of the 

United States 224
 

Record Group 181  Records of Naval Districts and Shore 

Establishments 226
 

NARA—Mid Atlantic Region (Center City Philadelphia) 227
 

Record Group 21 Records of the District Courts of the United States 227
 

NARA—Pacific Region (San Francisco) 237
 

Record Group 21 Records of the District Courts of the United States 237
 

Record Group 228  Records of the Committee on Fair Employment 

Records of the Committee on Fair Employment Practice,
 

Record Group 381  Records of the Community Services 

Record Group 276  Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals 240
 

Record Group 129  Records of the Bureau of Prisons 241
 

Records of the Bureau of Prisons, 1870–1981 241
 

Practice 241
 

1941–1946 241
 

Administration 243
 

Records of the Community Services Administration, 1967–1979 243
 

PA RT V: R e c o r d s i n Preside nt ial Librar ies

Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Missouri 245
 

Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas 255
 

John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts 263
 

Lyndon B. Johnson Library, Austin, Texas 271
 

Nixon Presidential Materials Staff, College Park, Maryland 280
 

Gerald R. Ford Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan 283
 

Jimmy Carter Library, Atlanta, Georgia 287
 

vii
   

   

   

     

AP PENDIXE S

APPENDIX A: Published Congressional Hearings That Pertain 

to Civil Rights Beginning with the 79th Congress (1945–46) 289
 

Commission on Civil Rights 292
 

Discrimination in Education 295
 

Discrimination in Employment 302
 

Discrimination in Housing 305
 

APPENDIX B: Department of Justice Microfilm Collection 

Deposited in the John F. Kennedy Library, August 1964 309
 

Civil Rights Division 309
 

Public Accommodations and Demonstrations 313
 

Freedom Rides 314
 

Voting 314
 

Schools 318
 

Transportation 319
 

Employment 320
 

Presidential Papers of John F. Kennedy 322
 

Speech Files 322
 

Legislative Files 322
 

Departments and Agencies 322
 

APPENDIX C: U.S. Government Publications 

Relating to Civil Rights 323
 

APPENDIX D: Records Relating to Civil Rights in the Center for
 

Electronic Records (NWME) 327
 

viii
   

   

   

                 

   

             

       

preface

This  reference  information  paper  provides  descriptions  of the  records  of

Federal  agencies, commissions, and  courts  that  formulated  civil  rights

guidelines, programs, and judicial decisions. The records cover the span of

time  between  civil  rights  initiatives  undertaken  by  the  Harry  S. Truman

administration, 1945–52, through  the  reorganization  plan  of civil  rights

programs directed by the Jimmy Carter administration, 1977–81. The focus

herein  is  on  textual  records  in  archival  facilities  in  the  Washington, DC,

area, the  regional  archives, and  the  Presidential  libraries  of the  National

Archives and Records Administration (NARA).

Six decades ago, the National Archives began publishing reference information papers (RIPs) as part of a comprehensive descriptive program

designed to help people find their way through the voluminous records in

our holdings. Related topic addressed in other publications are Records of

Military Agencies Relating to African Americans from the Post­World War I

Period to the Korean War (RIP 105, 2006); Black History: A Guide to Civilian

Records in the National Archives (1984); and Federal Records Pertaining to

Brown  v. Board  of Education  of Topeka, Kansas  (1954) (RIP  112, 2004).

The National Archives and Records Administration’s web site,

www.archives.gov, offers access to more sources for African American history as well as to the Archival Research Catalog (ARC), the online catalog of

NARA’s nationwide holdings.

As the nation’s recordkeeper, NARA safeguards records of all three branches of the Federal Government. NARA meets an almost unlimited range of

information needs, ensuring access to records on which both the credibility  of government  and  the  accuracy  of history  depend. We  welcome  any

comments you may have on the information products and services NARA

provides. Please e­mail your ideas to inquire@nara.gov.

Allen Weinstein

ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES

ix
       

       

Top Negro civil rights leaders who have called for an end to rioting in U.S.

cities and are supporting President Johnson in condemning lawlessness.

Top left, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; top right, Roy Wilkins; bottom left,

Whitney M. Young, Jr.; bottom right, A. Philip Randolph. (306­PSC­67­2777)

x
     

               

               

                 

                 

                       

                     

                   

             

               

       

               

                     

                           

               

                   

               

                   

                 

                     

                 

                 

                   

                         

                       

             

                 

                   

PART I: Introduction

SCOPE OF THE PAPER

I.1 This reference information paper (RIP) describes the records of

Federal agencies and commissions that formulated civil rights guidelines

and programs. The records cover the civil rights initiatives undertaken

by the Harry S. Truman administration, 1945–52, through the reorganization plan of the civil rights programs as directed by the Jimmy Carter

administration, 1977–81. The focus of this RIP is on textual records in

archival facilities in the Washington, DC, area, the regional archives, and

the Presidential libraries of the National Archives and Records

Administration (NARA). In addition there are four appendixes that

identify publications, published congressional hearings, electronic

records, and microfilm collections that relate to civil rights.

I.2 Additional records related to this topic, but not listed in this paper,

may be available at NARA. This RIP is not meant to be exhaustive, but to

provide guidance to researchers interested in conducting research on

civil right issues. It includes descriptions of records from agencies and

commissions that emphasized civil rights issues, initiated programs to

change internal operations, and effected social change. The history of the

Federal Government’s attention and response to civil rights begins in the

early national period and continues to the present. However, it was not

until President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9808, which

established the President’s Committee on Civil Rights, that the Federal

Government placed a deliberate focus on civil rights issues. He believed

that it was of such importance that he mentioned civil rights issues as a

priority for his administration in his 1947 and 1948 State of the Union

messages to Congress. President Truman committed the Federal

Government to policies and initiatives that would strengthen civil rights

and provide for the protection of all citizens, in particular African

Americans.

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I.3 This RIP is the first and only National Archives publication that specifically focuses on records that relate to civil rights. It supplements the standard finding aid Black History: A Guide to Civilian Records in the National

Archives and  expands  upon  the  identification  and  description  of those

record  series  that  pertain  to  civil  rights. Also, it  is  recommended  that

researchers consult Reference Information Paper (RIP) 112 Federal Records

Pertaining to Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas (1954), because

the Brown decision gave impetus to the growing attention to and demand

for civil rights by citizens. RIP 112 cites court cases and other civil rights

related  events  that  influenced  Federal  activity  around  the  question  of

school  desegregation  and  other  issues  related  to  educational  civil  rights.

Numerous civil rights issues were handled in the Federal judiciary system—

District  Courts, Appeal  Courts, and  the  Supreme  Court. Many  of these

cases will be found in the holdings of the regional archives. The court cases,

other  executive  branch  activities, and  events  surrounding  the  Supreme

Court decision and its aftermath must be understood as part of civil rights

history and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Black History: A Guide to

Civilian Records in the National Archives, RIP 112, and this RIP are guides

for  researchers  who  study  civil  rights  in  Federal  records. In  addition,

researchers may wish to further consult finding aids at the Nixon

Presidential Materials Staff and the following National Archives

Presidential libraries, as they may contain relevant civil rights related materials: Dwight  D. Eisenhower  Library, Herbert  Hoover  Library, John  F.

Kennedy  Library; Lyndon  B. Johnson  Library; Gerald  R. Ford  Library;

Jimmy Carter Library; Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, and Harry S. Truman

Library.

I.4 Other supplemental NARA finding aids that may provide information

about civil rights issues pertaining to African Americans include RIP 105,

Records  of Military  Agencies  Relating  to  African  Americans  from  the  PostWorld  War  I  Period  to  the  Korean  War; RIP  108, Black  Family  Research:

Records of Post­Civil War Federal Agencies at the National Archives; Selected

Documents Pertaining to Black Workers Among the Records of the

Department  of Labor  and  Its  Component  Bureaus, 1920–1969; and  Select

Audiovisual Records: Pictures of African Americans During World War II.

2
 
   

   

   

   

       

PRINCIPLES OF ARRANGEMENT

I.5 All National Archives records described in this publication are arranged

by  record  group. NARA  arranges  its  holdings  according  to  the  archival

principle of provenance. This principle provides that records be attributed

to the agency that created or maintained them and be arranged thereunder

as they were filed when in active use. At NARA, the application of the principle of provenance takes the form of numbered record groups with each

comprising the records of a major government entity, usually a bureau or

independent agency. For example, National Archives Record Group 174 is

General Records of the Department of Labor.

I.6 Most record groups include records of any predecessors of the organization named in the title of the record group. The number assigned to a

record group reflects the order in which it was established by the National

Archives.Within each record group, the records of a government agency are

organized into series. Each series is a set of documents arranged according

to the creating office’s filing system or otherwise kept together by the creating office because they relate to a particular subject or function, result from

the same activity, document a specific kind of transaction, take a particular

physical form, or have some other relationship arising out of their creation,

receipt, or use.

I.7 Records  and  manuscripts  that  are  in  the  holdings  of the  Presidential

libraries are less often arranged with reference to record groups and series.

This necessity arises from the fact that each White House Office has been

organized differently according to the needs and style of each administration; from the reality that such holdings are as much manuscript repositories as they are archives; and from the practice of accessioning a relatively

large proportion of nongovernmental collections related to each President’s

administration.

EDITOR’S NOTE

I.8 Because of the differences in the arrangement and description practices

mentioned above, it is difficult to arrive at a standard format for describing

both National Archives and Presidential libraries material. Since this publication  is  issued  by  the  Office  of the  National Archives, the  standards  are

essentially those of that entity. For instance, the titles of series (the most

3
   

   

     

   

   

   

                 

common  unit  of description  in  NARA)  are  rendered  in  bold  face. Such

titles  are  almost  always  followed  by  dates  indicating  the  coverage  of the

records and thereafter by volume figures (in parentheses). Thereafter may

follow  further  information  such  as  box  numbers, accession  numbers, or

other  items  helpful  to  archivists  in  locating  specific  records. Presidential

libraries  records  seldom  fit  this  format. They  are, for  instance, seldom

described in terms of series.(When such an expression is used, we have rendered  the  series  titles  as  mentioned  above.)  Generally, conventions  of

Presidential  libraries  capitalization  have  been  retained  herein, but  the

National Archives order and style of dates and volume information have

been  used. This  was  all  done  in  the  interest  of producing  a  reasonable

degree of conformity and of making it relatively easy for the user to scan

this RIP and have series and collection titles stand out. Paragraph numbers,

with a prefix referring to part number (as III.23), are used for the same reasons and are also the basis of reference for index items. Lists within paragraphs are numbered—thus such an item might be cited in the index as

III.23.7.

I.9 The general physical locations of the records should be obvious because

of the context of the description—that is, the arrangement of this RIP separates the descriptions into sections for each major depository. Within the

section describing the largest collection— “Executive Branch Records in the

National Archives in the Washington, DC, Area” (Part II)—there are notes

immediately following series or file titles that often indicate shelf, or even

box, locations. These few lines will assist archivists in locating records accurately and efficiently to serve researchers. The “Finding Aid” (such as “PI”

for preliminary inventories) helps the archivist put the records in context

within the record group. The “MLR” (Master Location Register) number

yields a shelf location. The box numbers further refine the location of the

subject  records. And  the  “NAII” designation  indicates  that  the  records

reside at the National Archives at College Park, MD.

I.10 It also should be noted that the usage by which African Americans are

referred to with terms such as “colored,” “Negro,” “black,” “African

American,” or  other  is  reflected  in  most  series  descriptions  or  historical

background segments as was applicable in the relevant records or the period in which they were created. The same is true, to a lesser extent, regarding other ethnic and minority groups.

4
 
   

       

               

           

OTHER SOURCES

I.11 For  information  on  records  located  in  regional  archives, consult  the

following locations. The area served by each regional archive is listed for

convenience:

NARA–Northeast Region (Boston)

380 Trapelo Road

Waltham, MA 02452­6399

866­406­2379

e­mail: waltham.archives@nara.gov

area served: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,

Rhode Island, and Vermont

NARA–Northeast Region (Pittsfield)

10 Conte Drive

Pittsfield, MA 01201­8230

413­236­3660

e­mail: pittsfield.archives@nara.gov

NARA–Northeast Region (New York City)

210 Varick Street, 12th Floor

New York, NY 10014­4811

212­401­1620

e­mail: newyork.archives@nara.gov

area served: New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands

NARA–Mid Atlantic Region (Center City Philadelphia)

900 Market Street

Philadelphia, PA 19107­4292

215­606­0100

e­mail: philadelphia.archives@nara.gov

area served: Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland,Virginia, and West Virginia

NARA–Southeast Region (Atlanta)

5780 Jonesboro Road

Morrow, GA 30260­3806

770­968­2100

e­mail: atlanta.archives@nara.gov

area served: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North

Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee

5
 
           

       

   

       

     

   

   

NARA–Great Lakes Region (Chicago)

7358 South Pulaski Road

Chicago, IL 60629­5898

773­948­9001

e­mail: chicago.archives@nara.gov

area served: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and

Wisconsin

NARA–Central Plains Region (Kansas City)

2312 East Bannister Road

Kansas City, MO 64131­3011

816­268­8000

e­mail: kansascity.archives@nara.gov

area served: Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska

NARA–Southwest Region (Fort Worth)

501 West Felix Street, P.O. Box 6216

Fort Worth, TX 76115­0216

817­831­5900

e­mail: ftworth.archives@nara.gov

area served: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas

NARA–Rocky Mountain Region (Denver)

Denver Federal Center, Building 48

P.O. Box 25307

Denver, CO 80225­0307

303­407­5700

e­mail: denver.archives@nara.gov

area served: Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South

Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming

NARA–Pacific Region (Laguna Niguel)

24000 Avila Road, 1st Floor

Laguna Niguel, CA 92677­3497

949­360­2641

e­mail: laguna.archives@nara.gov

area served: Arizona, southern California, and Clark County, Nevada

6
 
   

     

NARA–Pacific Region (San Francisco)

1000 Commodore Drive

San Bruno, CA 94066­2350

650­238­3500

e­mail: sanbruno.archives@nara.gov

area served: northern California, Hawaii, Nevada (except Clark

County), American Samoa, and the Pacific Trust Territories

NARA–Pacific Alaska Region (Seattle)

615 Sand Point Way, NE

Seattle, WA 98115­7999

206­336­5115

e­mail: seattle.archives@nara.gov

area served: Idaho, Oregon, and Washington

NARA–Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage)

654 West Third Avenue

Anchorage, AK 99501­2145

907­261­7800

e­mail: alaska.archives@nara.gov

area served: Alaska

I.12 The National Archives and Records Administration currently administers 13 Presidential libraries:

Herbert Hoover Library

210 Parkside Drive

P.O. Box 488
 

West Branch, IA 52358­0488
 

319­643­5301
 

website: www.hoover.archives.gov
 

e­mail: Hoover.library@nara.gov
 

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library

4079 Albany Post Road

Hyde Park, NY 12538­1999

845­486­7770

website: www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu

e­mail: Roosevelt.library@nara.gov 

7
 
   

Harry S. Truman Library

500 W. U.S. Highway 24

Independence, MO 64050­1798

816­268­8200

website: www.trumanlibrary.org

e­mail: Truman.library@nara.gov 

Dwight D. Eisenhower Library

200 Southeast Fourth Street

Abilene, KS 67410­2900

785­263­6700

website: www.eisenhower.archives.gov

e­mail: Eisenhower.library@nara.gov

John F. Kennedy Library

Columbia Point

Boston, MA 02125­3389

617­514­1600

website: www.jfklibrary.org

e­mail: kennedy.library@nara.gov

Lyndon Baines Johnson Library

2313 Red River Street

Austin, TX 78705­5702

512­721­0200

website: www.lbjlib.utexas.edu

e­mail: Johnson.library@nara.gov

Nixon Presidential Materials Staff

Office of Presidential Libraries

National Archives at College Park

8601 Adelphi Road

College Park, MD 20740­6001

301­837­3290 

website: http://nixon.archives.gov/index.php

e­mail: Nixon@nara.gov

8
 
Gerald R. Ford Library

1000 Beal Avenue

Ann Arbor, MI 48109­2114

734­205­0555

website: www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov

e­mail: Ford.library@nara.gov

Gerald R. Ford Museum

303 Pearl Street, NW

Grand Rapids, MI 49504­5353

616­254­0400

website: www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov

e­mail: Ford.museum@nara.gov 

Jimmy Carter Library

441 Freedom Parkway

Atlanta, GA 30307­1498

404­865­7100

website: www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov

e­mail: Carter.library@nara.gov 

Ronald Reagan Library

40 Presidential Drive

Simi Valley, CA 93065­0600

800­577­8444/800­410­8354

website: www.reagan.utexas.edu

e­mail : Reagan.library@nara.gov 

George Bush Library

1000 George Bush Drive

College Station, TX 77845­3906

979­691­4000

website: www.bushlibrary.tamu.edu

e­mail: Bush.library@nara.gov 

William J. Clinton Library

1200 President Clinton Avenue

Little Rock, AK 72201­1749

501­244­2889

website: www.clintonlibrary.gov

e­mail: Clinton.library@nara.gov 

9
           

             

   

   

                 

             

   

   

               

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I.13 The  compilers  of this  finding  aid  worked  as  a  team  to  research  and

describe pertinent civil rights related records of the three branches of the

Federal Government: executive, legislative, and judicial. Walter B. Hill, Jr.

(who described White House records) and Lisha B. Penn (who described

Justice, Labor, Education, Civil Rights Commission, and Commerce

records)  wish  to  extend  their  sincere  appreciation  to  several  NARA  staff

members who spent countless hours working with them on this team to

prepare  the  descriptions  of records  that  made  this  publication  possible.

Special thanks to team members Trichita Chestnut, who made coordinated

arrangements  with  the  Office  of Presidential  Libraries  and  the  Office  of

Regional Records Services for descriptions of pertinent civil rights related

records in those facilities; Jahi Issa, who wrote series descriptions for the

transportation cluster record groups; Maryellen Trautman, who prepared

the list of relevant publications of the U.S. Government; Cynara Robinson,

who described U.S. Marshal, gift collections, and Federal Bureau of

Investigation  records; Janis  Wiggins, who  wrote  descriptions  of Federal

Bureau  of Investigation  records; Ida  Brudnick, who  provided  descriptive

information about congressional records; and student interns Paul

Williams, who described U.S. Army Staff records and Michael Hussey, who

assisted  with  Health, Education  and  Welfare  records. Thanks  to  Ann

Cummings, Anthony  Fantozzi, James  Hastings, Jeanne  Schauble, Steve

Tilley, and Richard Wood for being so supportive of this product. Thank

yous are also extended to Sharon Fawcett (NL) and Nancy Malan (NR) for

coordinating  the  submission  of staff descriptions  of Presidential  library

material and regional records for this publication. Thank you also to NARA

staff members Patrice Brown, Barbara Brett, Teresa Matchette, Don

McIlwain, and  Mary  Kay  Schmidt, who  prepared  some  of the  original

descriptions that were found in dossiers of relevant records included in this

finding aid. Ben DeWhitt deserves special recognition for his outstanding

editorial  assistance. His  contributions  include  exceptional  attention  to

detail and valuable suggestions for organization and presentation of information.

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PART II: Executive Branch Records in the

National Archives in the Washington, DC, Area

Record Group 12

Records of the Office of Education
 

II.1 A Department of Education, headed by a Commissioner, was established

by an act of March 2, 1867. The Department was abolished as a separate independent agency by an act of July 20, 1868, and was reestablished in the

Department of Interior as the Office of Education, effective July 1, 1930 (46

Stat. 281, May 14, 1930). Under Reorganization Plan 1, effective July 1, 1939,

the Office was transferred to the newly created Federal Security Agency,

which on April 1, 1953, became the Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare (HEW). In 1972, HEW was reorganized and the Office of Education

was placed in the Education Division along with the National Institute of

Education. The Division was run by an Assistant Secretary for Education.

The statutory function of the Office of Education was administration of programs of financial assistance to educational agencies, institutions, and organizations. The Office was abolished, effective May 4, 1980, by the Department

of Education Organization Act, October 17, 1980 (93 Stat. 668).

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER

II.2 The Commissioner of Education was appointed by the President with

the advice and consent of the Senate and had general direction of the programs  and  operations  of the  agency  under  its  various  designations  of

department, bureau, and office.

II.3 Office Files of Ambrose Caliver, 1946–1962 (4 ft.)

Finding Aid: PI­178

MLR Entry 17

Boxes 1–10 [NN­368­20]

Loc: NAII

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Arrangement: Arranged by subject or name of conference or organization.

Files: AEA  Committee  on  Literacy  &  Fundamental  Education—Women

College Presidents

Scope and Content: The records consist of speeches, articles, minutes, conference proceedings, and related correspondence concerning Caliver’s liaison work with organizations interested in the education of black Americans

and adult education. Caliver was a national leader in the field of black education  for  over  30  years. These  records  document  the  formulation  of

national educational policy and advice to and cooperation with state, local,

and private institutions about educational matters particularly the postwar

education  of veterans  and  war  workers, vocational  education  and  higher

education  of Negroes. There  are  also  references  to  the  National  Urban

League and the United Negro College Fund.

II.4 Press Releases of the Commissioner of Education, 1963–1969

(7 ft. 4 in.)
 

Finding Aid: NARS­A1
 

MLR Entry 95
 

Boxes 1–17 [NN3­012­94­008]
 

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged in two sections, press releases and press digests,

and thereunder chronologically.

Files: 200  Public  Schools  under  MDTA—U.S. Office  of Education, Daily

Press Digest (12/31/69)

Scope and Content: This series contains press releases concerning a wide

variety of subjects administered by the Office of Education or concerning

education generally. These include press releases regarding topics such as

the  acceptance  by  Commissioner  Francis  Keppel  of desegregation  plans

from  12  southern  public  school  districts  and  the  termination  of Federal

financial  assistance  to  six  southern  school  districts  for  failure  to  comply

with desegregation guidelines. Other records concern grants to train teachers  of handicapped  students, graduate  school  fellowships  awarded  under

Title IV of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA), and a program to

train persons from low income backgrounds for careers in the education

profession.

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II.5 Office of the Commissioner of Education, 1928–1980 (505 ft. 7 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 122
 

Boxes 1–1155 [NN3­012­94­016]
 

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically, generally in one­year blocks, and

thereunder by type of file.

Files: National Conference on Physical Fitness—Congressional forms

Scope and Content: This series contains records covering the whole range

of topics  addressed  by  the  Office  of Education. The  yearly  reading  files

include correspondence with Congress; the White House; the Secretary of

Health, Education, and Welfare; and other agencies. The subject files cover

issues such as civil rights, student unrest, and Federal aid to education, as

well as other administrative issues. The series also contains speeches and

articles by the Commissioners of Education. Box 79 (segregation); Box 80

(survey of the higher education of Negroes); Boxes 100–101 (court decisions  [segregation/integration])  &  desegregation, Prince  Edward  County,

VA); 123 (segregation/integration); 181 (civil rights); 192–202 (civil

rights—report  on  racial  imbalance  &  education—segregated  cafeterias);

217 (equal educational opportunity program report); 226–28 (school district plans under civil rights act); 240 (segregation); 275–76 (equal education in higher education—U.S. Commission on Civil Rights); 345 (educational  opportunities  for  Negroes  in  higher  education); 358  (civil  rights);

383–84 (Title IV of the Civil Rights Act); 455–59 (poor people’s demands—

student  unrest); 486  (urban  education); 510  (minority  groups); 522–23

(desegregation plans—Civil Rights Commission); 527 (Howard

University); 645 (urban education); 654 (Howard University); 701 (urban

education); 762 (black colleges); 952–54 (Bakke case—affirmative action);

1005–06 (affirmative action); 1013 (operation EXCEL, Jesse Jackson); 1016

(desegregation study); 1067 (civil rights compliance); 1087 (equal education opportunity); 1123–24 (civil rights compliance); and 1146 (discrimination).

II.6 Records Relating  to Formulation of National  Education Policy,

1951–1980 (23 ft. 1 in.)
 

Finding Aid: NARS­A1MLR Entry 126
 

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Boxes 1–53 [NN3­012­94­016]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject and thereunder chronologically.

Files: National Conference on Physical Fitness—Congressional forms

Scope and Content: This series contains documentation of a wide variety of

issues  concerning  the  Office  of Education  during  the  1960s  and  1970s.

Much of this series overlaps with the series Office Files of the

Commissioner  of Education, although  this  series  appears  to  have  been

maintained separately as a more general file on policy issues. For more specific information about civil rights related records, see Boxes 4 (black colleges), 22 (Jesse Jackson), 47 (Chicago school desegregation matters), and

48 (Jesse Jackson).

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE
 

ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION
 

II.7 The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Education was created by the

Education Amendments, signed into law on June 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 327; 20

U.S.C. 1221e), which created the Education Division within the Department

of Health, Education and Welfare. Under direct supervision of the Assistant

Secretary, the Division was responsible for coordinating and generally supervising the education activities of the Department. The Education Division

consisted of the Office of Education and the National Institute of Education.

II.8 Program Files, 1972–1975 (21 ft.)

Finding Aid: PI­178

MLR Entry 91

Boxes 1–48 [NN3­441­94­014]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged according to an agency­created alphanumeric filing plan.

Files: ADM 1 (Administration)—VT 16­2 (Career Education Policy)

Scope and Content: This series relates to the establishment and implementation of Federal programs designed to improve the academic performance

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of American students, enhance the delivery of education services, raise the

standards of American public schools, and strengthen post­secondary education. Included are records relating to the issuance of regulations and

guidelines for various educational reform acts, such as the Education

Amendments Act of 1972, the Emergency School Aid Act, the Elementary

and Secondary Education Act, the Higher Education Act of 1965, and the

International Education Act of 1966. Specific documented programs include

Head Start, Upward Bound, Teacher Corps, and the School Lunch Program.

Other topics covered include affirmative action, grants, vocational education, the Cuban refugee program, bilingual education,racial discrimination,

gender discrimination, international education, urban education, literacy,

health and nutrition, Native Americans, and African Americans.

RECORDS OF THE DIVISION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

II.9 The Division of Higher Education was established on February 3, 1911,

although the Bureau of Education had been active in that field since 1867.

Its name was changed to the Division of Colleges and Professional Schools

in 1929, but the earliest name was restored in November 1933. The Division

collected and disseminated information about higher education, including

professional schools, normal schools, and junior colleges, and administered

funds appropriated for the establishment and support of land grant colleges.

II.10 Annual Reports Received From Land Grant Colleges, 1929 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 46

Boxes 1–3

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by type of report and thereunder alphabetically by

name of institution.

Files: Alabama Polytechnic Institute—University of Wyoming

Scope and Content: These reports were submitted annually to the Bureau

of Education to examine, analyze, and issue a statement on the status of the

colleges. The records consist of original and duplicate sets of the reports

received on a standard form provided for that purpose for fiscal year 1929.

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The Morrill Act of 1862 provided that each state was to receive a certain

amount of public land or land script and that the proceeds from its sale were

to constitute a permanent fund for the establishment of colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts. The second Morrill Act (1890) and the Nelson

amendment of 1907 provided additional funds for these schools. These laws

also required annual reports on the use of the 1862 funds and the MorrillNelson appropriations to the Secretaries of Agriculture and the Interior.

Information about Negro land grant colleges generally is interspersed with

other reports. However, there is one file folder, “Annual Reports of Land

Grant Colleges for Negroes,” that contains reports about colleges formerly

known as Alabama A&M, Florida A&M, Kentucky State Industrial College,

Prairie View A&M, Southern A&M, Prairie View State Normal and

Industrial College, and Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute.

II.11 Correspondence of Walter G. Daniel, 1951–1953 [Correspondence

of Walter G. Daniel, Specialist for Higher Education for Negroes,

1951–1953] (4 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 47

Boxes 1–10 [NN­370­179]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged in two parts: alphabetically by state in which colleges

or universities were located; and alphabetically by subject or type of record.

Scope and Content: This series includes correspondence with college officials

concerning Daniel’s speaking engagements, campus race relations, and the

admission of black Americans to each institution. There is also an exchange of

correspondence with officials of the Federal Security Agency and the Office of

Education, other government officials, and nongovernment individuals and

organizations concerning higher education for black Americans. Included is

information on the participation of black Americans in World War II.

II.12 Material Relating to Negro Higher Education Information,

1951–1953 (1 ft. 7 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 48

Boxes 1–4 [NN­370­179]

Loc: NAII

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Arrangement: Arranged in two parts: alphabetically by name of organization, place, or company; and unarranged.

Files: A–U; and miscellaneous

Scope and Content: This reference file, apparently maintained by Walter G.

Daniel, contains  publications  or  drafts  of publications  concerning  black

American education, integrated schools, and racial or intergroup relations.

II.13  Records  Relating  to  the  Annual  Survey  of Howard  University,

1941–1968 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 50

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­12­90­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by year in reverse chronological order.

Files: Summary of Inspections—Howard University 1941

Scope and Content: Annual inspections of Howard University were

required  by  provisions  of an  Act  of December  15, 1928  (45  Stat. 1021),

which first authorized annual appropriations for the support of the traditionally  black  institution. From  1929  to  1940, these  inspections  were  the

responsibility of the Department of the Interior. Reorganization Plan No. 4

of 1940  transferred  that  responsibility  to  the  Federal  Security  Agency,

which in turn delegated the inspections to the Office of Education (OE).

Survey  teams  comprised  of OE  professionals  and  other  experts  annually

examined one or two aspects of the University’s educational programs. The

team  spent  several  days  at  the  University  meeting  with  members  of the

administrative staff, faculty, and student body and examining relevant facilities, laboratories, equipment, records, and reports. Among the programs

and services inspected were the Graduate School (1967 and 1977), College

of Medicine (1964 and 1965), Library facilities (1972), university­student

relations (1968), and Schools of Pharmacy (1965), Music (1957), and Social

Work (1963). Also included are summaries of inspections, procedures for

annual inspections, a copy of the Centennial Report of Howard University

in 1967, and articles on the history of the University. There are no inspections  for  the  years  1951–52, 1958, and  1969–70. There  are  some  general

unarranged reference materials at the beginning of the series.

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RECORDS OF SPECIAL PROJECTS AND

PROGRAMS/NATIONAL SURVEY OF VOCATIONAL

EDUCATION AND GUIDANCE OF NEGROES

II.14 Using funds authorized by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act

(49 Stat. 115), April 8, 1935, the Office of Education conducted a national

survey of opportunities available to blacks for vocational education,

1935–36, with tabulation and publication of results in 1937.

II.15 General Correspondence, 1934–1938 (2 ft. 5 in.)

Finding Aid: PI­178

MLR Entry 159

Boxes 1–6

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by name and subject.

Files: A­W (Atlanta Meeting—Robert C. Weaver)

Scope  and  Content: This  series  constitutes  the  central  file  of Director

Ambrose Caliver and Associate Director Harold L. Trigg. The records consist  of administrative  correspondence, memorandums, reports, organization charts, diagrams, minutes, and other records relating to the national

survey. They  include  correspondence  with  members  of the  Technical

Advisory Committee; Franklin O. Nichols, special assistant to the Director

on  vocational  training  in  medicine; Robert  C. Weaver, adviser  on  black

affairs in the Interior Department; and Ira De A. Reid, director of research

in the National Urban League and of the Works Progress Administration

(WPA) survey of training and employment of white­collar and skilled black

workers. Funds were allocated under the provisions of the Emergency Relief

Appropriations  Act  of 1935  for  the  Office  of Education  to  conduct  a

national  survey  of opportunities  for  vocational  education  available  to

blacks.

II.16 Correspondence with the Regional Directors, 1935–1937 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 160

Box 1

Loc: NAII

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Arrangement: Arranged  by  name  of regional  director  and  thereunder

chronologically.

File: Walter R. Chivers—James H. Robinson

Scope and Content: The records consist of reports, memorandums, and correspondence of the Director and the Associate Director with the regional

directors about administrative, budget, personnel, and surveying procedures.

II.17 Inquiry Forms, 1935–1937 (7 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 161

Boxes 1–2

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by form designation Ac–Z.

Files: Original Schedules Ac—Schedule I

Scope  and  Content: The  records  consist  of blank  inquiry  forms, instructions  on  their  use, lists  of recipients, and  memorandums  relating  to  the

development of the forms. Data from the survey were obtained from a variety of sources including high schools, vocational schools, evening schools,

students, medical  schools, colleges, welfare  agencies, and  teachers. These

forms were used to record information on the organization and administration of the schools, trends in curriculums, content of courses, teaching

methods, students’ socioeconomic  backgrounds, and  vocational  interests

and occupational goals.

II.18 Accounting Records, 1936–1938 (8 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 162

Boxes 1–2

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by state.

Files: Michigan—Texas

Scope and Content: The records mainly consist of abstracts of allotment

ledger sheets and unliquidated encumbrance reports prepared by the State

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Accounts Office of the U.S. Treasury Department. The reports and abstracts

were sent to project managers,state supervisors, and regional directors of the

survey to assist them in keeping their accounts that were forwarded to the

Office of Education. States represented in the files include Michigan,

Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas.

RECORDS OF THE DIVISION OF
 

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY
 

II.19 The Division of Equal Educational Opportunity (DEEO) was created

after a reorganization in 1968 and administered Title IV of the Civil Rights

Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 241) to assist school districts with their desegregation

efforts through grants, the Emergency School Assistance Program, and the

Emergency School Aid Act.

II.20 Administrative Files, 1965–1972 (4 ft. 7 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 32

Boxes 1–11 [NN3­012­91­002]

Loc: NAII 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Poor People’s Campaign—DEEO Policy and Organization

Scope and Content: These records concern Title IV, Desegregation of Public

Education, of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 241). Under this title, the

Office of Education was given the responsibility of assisting U.S. school systems in the process of desegregation. The records include studies, guidelines, and  program  plans  developed  by  the  Division  to  offer  guidance  to

school  systems  on  methods  of desegregation  and  the  means  to  access

Federal funding. Also included are administrative records of the Division,

including reports on staffing and organization, budgetary records, a fiveyear plan, and internal memorandums.

II.21 Reading Files, 1968–1970 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 33

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Boxes 1–3 [NN3­012­91­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically by month and year.

Scope and Content: These records primarily consist of letters sent by the

Division both within the Office of Education and to private citizens. The

letters  cover  administrative  topics  such  as  appropriations  and  facilities

management  and  also  address  specifics  on  program  development  and

implementation. Many  of these  letters  and  other  materials  found  in  this

series concern the Division’s administration of Title IV of the Civil Rights

Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 241), addressing aid to school systems for the desegregation of public education.

II.22 Grants Reports, 1969–1970 (10 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 34

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­012­91­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by grant number.

Scope and Content: As a sampling of a much larger group of records, these

reports represent several of the large number of grants administered by the

Division. They were a necessary administrative task for those recipients of

grants provided for in Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Under this

title, the Office of Education was responsible for administering aid including grants to U.S. school districts in order to facilitate their efforts at desegregation. Referred to as “case files” by the agency, each of these numbered

reports contains standard information, including proposal, memorandums,

correspondence, narrative reports, and program materials. The exceptions

to this standard are two unnumbered grant files at the end of the series.

II.23 Records Relating to Desegregation in Education, 1962–1974 (1 ft. 8

in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 35

Boxes 1–4 [NN3­012­91­002]

Loc: NAII

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Arrangement: Arranged  numerically  by  subject  and  records  type  grant

number.

Files: Original  ESAA  (Emergency  School  Aid  Act)  Year  I—Information

Papers re. Desegregation

Scope  and  Content: These  records  concern  the  history  of educational

desegregation as it relates to the Office of Education. Most of the records

cover the Office’s duties pursuant to the 1950s “suitability” ruling. These

court rulings established the necessity of providing a desegregated education for children living on Federal property. The Office of Education was

given the responsibility of ensuring that the decision was carried out. Other

documents concern Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 241)

and the Emergency School Aid Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 354), both of which

gave the Office of Education responsibility for aiding state school systems

in their efforts at desegregation.

II.24 Rejection Letters, 1970–1971 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 36

Box 1 [NN3­012­91­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  numerically  by  subject  and  records  type  grant

number.

Scope and Content: These records consist of copies of letters sent to applicant  school  districts  with  explanations  of why  their  grant  requests  were

denied. The grants referred to in these letters were provided through the

Emergency School Assistance Program, which was created under the 1970

Office  of Education  Appropriations  Act  (84  Stat. 801). The  grants  were

established to provide financial assistance to state educational agencies to

help mitigate the costs of desegregation.

II.25 Correspondence, 1970–1971 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 37

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­012­91­002]

Loc: NAII 

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Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by state.

Scope and Content: As a sample of a larger group of correspondence, these

records  cover  the  states  alphabetically  from  Alabama  to  Mississippi. The

topics addressed deal with desegregation and the work of the Division as

mandated by the 1964 Civil Rights Act (78 Stat. 241) and the 1971 Office of

Education Appropriations Act (84 Stat. 801). The letters refer to the status

of grant applications, constituent letters referred by the White House, testimony before the Congress, and Division regional plans for desegregation,

as well as administrative activities within the Division.

II.26 Title IV case files, 1965–1970 (24 ft. 9 in.)

Finding Aid: NAS­A1

MLR Entry 102

Boxes 1–57 [NN3­012­94­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by project number in roughly chronological order.

Files: Texas  Southern  University  I135—(Tennessee  OE­5­37­029)  Fisk

University

Scope and Content: This series consists of project case files that document

how the Office of Education administered provisions of Title IV, Pub. L. 88­

352, which provided money for civil rights educational activities. The program  was  designed  to  assist  states  and  localities  to  develop  strategies  for

implementing desegregation. Individual projects varied in focus; however,

they  typically  dealt  with  the  development  of local  desegregation  plans,

workshops for administrators, seminars for the entire education community, and in­service diversity instruction for teachers. Often this meant hiring

experts  or  specialists  in  the  areas  of desegregation  and  cultural  diversity.

Case files exist for local school boards, state education offices, and universities that applied for money to fund a project. A typical case file consists of

a proposal for a project, evaluations of the proposal, notification of grant

awards and related documents, review of the project, and reports. Reports

may include site visits, interim reports, financial reports and documentation, and final project report. In addition, the case files may also include

biographies of school personnel, information such as pamphlets or

newsletters about a school district, and information about the organization

sponsoring the training.

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II.27 Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) Project Case Files, 1972–1975 (10

ft. 5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 103 

Boxes 1–24 [NN3­012­94­004 and NN3­012­94­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by project number.

Files: OEG­74­7679  Missouri, Special  Arts  Project—  Shannon  County

Independent School District #1.

Scope and Content: This series consists of project case files that document

how the Office of Education administered Pub. L. 92­318, as amended by

Pub. L. 93­380, the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA). This legislation provided money to states and local school districts so they could continue desegregation activities. Congress recognized that the expense of funding desegregation could cause the process to stall. Grants provided as a result of the

ESAA allowed school systems to develop innovative desegregation techniques

and to desegregate more quickly. Individual grants varied in focus; however,

they typically provided moniesto a localschool district for a specific program

orto a state agency forthe development and implementation of a more inclusive curriculum. Local districts represented include the Boston metropolitan

area, districts from Region VII (Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska,

and Utah), and Dallas, TX. State projects focused on cooperating with state

cultural, arts, or humanities agencies to create a curriculum that included

exposure to other cultures and recognized the achievements of minorities. A

typical case file consists of a proposal for a project, evaluations of the proposal, notification of grant awards and related documents, review of the project,

and reports. Reports may include site visits, interim reports, financial reports

and documentation, and final project report. In addition, the case files may

also include copies of products produced as a result of the project.

RECORDS OF THE BUREAU OF ELEMENTARY
 

AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
 

II.28 The Bureau of Elementary and Secondary Education was established

to promote academic excellence, to enhance opportunities and equity for

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all of America’s children and families, and to improve the quality of teaching and learning by providing leadership, technical assistance, and financial

support. The Bureau was responsible for coordinating and recommending

policy for programs designed to: assist state and local educational agencies

to improve the achievement of elementary and secondary school students;

help  ensure  equal  access  to  services  leading  to  such  improvement  for  all

children, particularly children who are educationally disadvantaged, Native

Americans, or children of migrant workers or the homeless; foster educational improvement at the state and local levels; and provide financial assistance  to  local  educational  agencies  whose  local  revenues  are  affected  by

Federal activities.

II.29 Correspondence of the Associate Commissioner, 1962–1967 (15 ft.

7 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 90

Boxes 1–36 [NN3­012­94­005]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged according to an agency­created alphanumeric filing plan.

Files: Administrative Management (AM) Enforcement of Davis­Bacon Act

in Library Services/Voc. Ed. Programs— Reports and Statistics (RS) Survey

of Dependents Schools (AID) in Southeast Asia.

Scope and Content: This series consists of incoming and outgoing memorandums and supplementary materials relating to programs implemented under education laws such as the National Defense Education Act and

the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Topics covered include

internal management of the Bureau of Elementary and Secondary

Education (BESE), educational loans and other assistance for Cuban

refugees, desegregation, civil rights, conferences, committees, audits,

grant programs, higher education, and educational laws and legislation.

Records relating to the withdrawal of student loans and investigations of

fellowship holders concerning their political views may require screening

by reference staff.

25
 
      

           

   

   

           

           

Record Group 40
 

General Records of the Department of Commerce
 

II.30 The Department of Commerce was established by the Act of March 4,

1913 (15 U.S.C. 1501), which reorganized the Department of Commerce

and  Labor. The  act  transferred  all  labor  activities  into  a  new, separate

Department of Labor. The Department of Commerce encourages, serves,

and promotes the Nation’s international trade, economic growth, and technological advancement. The Department  provides a wide variety  of programs  throughout  the  competitive  free  enterprise  system. It  offers  assistance and information to increase America’s competitiveness in the world

economy; administers programs to prevent unfair foreign trade competition; provides social and economic statistics and analyses for business and

government planners; provides research and support for the increased use

of scientific, engineering, and technological development; works to

improve  our  understanding  and  benefits  of the  Earth’s  physical  environment and oceanic resources; grants patents and registers trademarks; develops policies and conducts research on telecommunications; provides assistance  to  promote  domestic  economic  development; and  assists  in  the

growth of minority businesses.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

II.31 The Secretary of Commerce is responsible for the administration of

all functions and authorities assigned to the Department of Commerce and

for  advising  the  President  on  Federal  policy  affecting  the  industrial  and

commercial segments of the national economy. The Secretary is served by

the  offices  of the  Deputy  Secretary, the  Inspector  General, the  General

Counsel, and  the  Assistant  Secretaries  of Administration, Legislative  and

Intergovernmental Affairs, and Public Affairs. The Office of the Secretary

develops  and  promotes  a  cooperative  working  relationship  and  ensures

effective communication between the Department of Commerce and the

business community. It also promotes business involvement in departmental policy making and program development and provides technical assistance to businesses that desire help in dealing with the Government.

26
 
                 

       

   

   

   

   

   

II.32 Records of Special Assistants to the Secretary of Commerce,

1961–1963 (5 ft.10 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 53

Boxes 1–14 [NN3­040­95­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope and Content: These unprocessed records consist of memorandums,

correspondence,reports, minutes, speeches, and pamphlets that were created  or  maintained  by  Hyman  H. Bookbinder  and  Clifford  Rucker, who

served as special assistants to Secretary of Commerce Luther M. Hodges.

The  files  contain  information  about: “Year­End  Surveys” to  determine

employment levels of Negroes in the Department that were submitted to

the  President’s  Equal  Employment  Opportunity  Committee  (PEEO)  for

various Commerce components; discrimination complaints; promotions of

Negroes to higher grades or problems associated with promoting them into

some professional job series; Commerce’s recruitment and EEO policy; and

recruitments of Negro students at historically black colleges and universities to work at the Department of Commerce. Included in the files is material from the Civil Rights Sub­cabinet Group, which was composed of highlevel representatives of various Federal departments who met periodically

at the call of Lee White, special counsel at the White House. This group met

to discuss matters of procedure and planned the Kennedy administration’s

strategy on some civil rights issues, such as planning the “Centennial Year

of Negro Progress”; an Executive order against discrimination in Federally

assisted construction projects; use of Negro pilots on airplanes; and appearances  of some  cabinet  officers  before  segregated  audiences  in  the  South.

There are references to the “Plans for Progress” agreement with U.S. businessmen  to  voluntarily  agree  to  hire  Negroes; a  task  force  established  to

improve  employment  and  business  opportunities  for  minority  group

members; a  request  by  National  Association  for  the  Advancement  of

Colored  People  (NAACP)  that  racist  signs  posted  by  the  Ku  Klux  Klan

along  U.S. highways  in  Alabama  be  removed; efforts  by  the  Commerce

Department to get chain variety stores and restaurants to desegregate lunch

counters and other services in the South; incidents of racial discrimination

experienced by foreign diplomats from Sudan, Jamaica, and Sierra Leone

while visiting various American states; and reports such as “Proposals for

27
 
   

   

   

           

   

Executive Action to End Federally Supported Segregation and Other Forms

of Racial Discrimination” and “The Economic Situation of Negroes in the

United States.”

II.33 Subject File of Executive Assistants to the Secretary of Commerce,

1968–1972 (2 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 54 

Boxes 8–9 [NN3­040­95­001]

Loc: NAII 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope and Content: These unprocessed records consist of correspondence,

reports, and memorandums that are part of a larger collection of files held

by numerous persons who served as Executive Assistants to Secretaries of

Commerce. These  particular  files  were  created  or  maintained  by  Joseph

Casson, who  served  as  the  Executive  Assistant  to  Commerce  Secretary

Maurice H. Stans. There is a copy of a May 1971 report presented by the

Congressional Black Caucus, “Report to the Nation,” written in response to

President Richard Nixon. There are 60 proposed recommendations to spur

minority  economic  development  or  enterprise. Included  in  the  files  are

background documents about the Office of Minority Business Enterprise’s

(OMBE)  advisory  conference  for  black, Spanish­speaking, and  Indian

minorities and replies to congressional and general public inquiries about

the OMBE’s work. The OMBE was created by President Nixon in 1969 to

seek  out  and  develop  opportunities  for  members  of minority  groups  to

establish businesses or expand existing ones. Also found in the records is

the correspondence of Secretary of Commerce Stans with Harvard Business

Review editor Edward C. Bursk about not publishing Stans’s response to a

disparaging  article  about  minority  businesses  in  the Review. Stans  wrote

that the Review had “readily printed a disservice to the minority citizens of

the Nation” in the article “Let’s Write off MEBIS.” Included is information

about  Nixon’s  Presidential  goal  for  achieving  $100  million  in  minorityowned bank deposits. Many Federal agencies and private sector companies

such  as  General  Electric, Xerox, Pepsi  Cola, Ford, Prudential, AT&T, and

IBM participated by making deposits in minority banks. A copy of an article written by Andrew Brimmer, “Recent Trends in Black Banking,” is also

in the file.

28
 
     

               

   

     

         

       

II.34 Plans for Progress Records, 1961–1969 (86 ft. 7 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 71

Boxes 1–85 [NN3­040­95­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  alphabetically  by  name  of business  entity  and

thereunder by year.

File: AAI (American Armament, Inc)—American Airlines

Scope and Content: The unprocessed records consist of the signed contractual  agreements  of the “Plans  for  Progress” program  by  which  company

presidents pledged to the U.S. Government (represented by Vice Presidents

Lyndon B. Johnson and Hubert H. Humphrey) to provide equal employment opportunities to all Americans regardless of race, creed, or national

origin. These files document to a significant extent how private sector companies  became  more  integrated  in  employment  during  the  1960s  and

1970s. This  program  was  implemented  under  Executive  Order  10925  by

President John F. Kennedy (which also established the President’s

Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity) and encouraged companies  or  businesses  to  volunteer  to  participate  and  to  recruit  and  hire

employees without discrimination. The signed contracts detail the terms of

the agreement with information about policy implementation, recruiting,

training, placement, employee benefits, reductions­in­force, and status for

minority  employees. Some  companies  that  signed  “Plans  for  Progress”

agreements  were  Aetna  Life  and  Casualty  Company, Allied  Chemical

Company, Bank  of America, Anheuser­Busch, Bristol­Myers  Company,

Bendix  Corporation, Campbell  Soup  Company, Coca  Cola  Company,

Colgate­Palmolive Company, International Business Machines (IBM),

Lockheed Aircraft, Pepsi Cola, and United Airlines. Many of these companies were also encouraged by the Federal Government to make monetary

donations toward the “Progress Vocational Guidance Institute” program.

II.35 Records of the Advisor on Negro Affairs, 1940–1963 (11 ft. 8 in.)

Finding Aid: NC­54

MLR Entry 9

Boxes 1–27 [III­NNE­99]

Loc: NAII

29
 
                   

                       

                   

                   

                 

                     

                           

                 

                 

                 

                     

                       

                     

                 

      

             

     

   

               

     

   

Arrangement: Arranged by subject and thereunder alphabetically by name

of company or business or type of record.

Scope and Content: These records contain the general subject and correspondence files of Elmer Martin Lancaster,Advisor on Negro Affairs to the Secretary

of Commerce.The filesinclude information about Negro participation in business and agriculture,the financial condition of Negro banking institutions, and

national conferences of Negro businessmen (sponsored by the Department of

Commerce). Other files pertain to the mobilization of Negro firms in furtherance of the war effort (World War II) and postwar planning for the Negro in

business. The records include references to insurance companies owned by

Negroes (such as Atlanta Life Insurance Company, Booker T. Washington

Burial Association, and Guaranty Life Insurance Company) and requests that

were made for each state to identify Negro­owned banks. These were identified

as the Carver Savings Bank of Savannah, GA; Douglas State Bank of Kansas

City, KS; the Home Seekers Savings and Loan Association of Jefferson City,

MO; and Consolidated Bank and Trust Company of Richmond,VA.

Record Group 51
 

Records of the Office of Management and Budget
 

II.36 Executive  Order  11541  of July  1, 1970, prescribed  the  duties  of the

Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Domestic Council in

the Executive Office of the President to implement Reorganization Plan No.

2 of 1970. The OMB assists the President in preparing the budget, in formulating  fiscal  programs, and  in  supervising  the  administration  of the

budget. The OMB conducts efficiency reviews of executive branch organizational structure and management procedures; assists in clearing legislative proposals from Federal agencies; drafts Executive orders and

Presidential proclamations; and develops regulatory reform programs.

RECORDS OF THE TRANSPORTATION,
 

COMMERCE, AND HOUSING DIVISION
 

II.37 Program Records [of the Housing Division], 1969–1976 (9 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

30
                   

   

     

     

       

   

     

   

         

MLR Entry 202

Boxes: 1, 2, 5–7, 13, 16, 18–23, 25, 34, 46–47, 56

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged generally in four chronological periods (1969–70,

1971–72, 1973–74, and 1975–76), thereunder by agency, and thereunder by

subject.

Scope  and  Content: These  files  contain  letters, memorandums, reports,

studies, analyses, fact sheets, briefing papers, discussion documents, newspaper clippings, news releases, charts, graphs, and other documents relating

to  the  activities  of several  OMB  units  with  housing  responsibilities. The

records  cover  a  variety  of subjects  and  activities  that  relate  to  numerous

civil rights issues, programs, conferences, studies, and legislation. Among

the records are three files on the Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,

commonly referred to as the Kerner Commission. The Commission, established on July 27, 1967, by Executive order, was charged to make recommendations with respect to recent major civil disorders in American cities,

to develop strategies to avert further civil disorders, and to define the role

of local, state, and Federal authorities. Racial violence had occurred in over

100 cities between 1965 and 1967. The Commission held hearings in many

of those cities and conducted studies in difficult problems confronting the

Nation. There  are  files  on  fair  housing  and  equal  opportunity  actions

throughout the government, in particular regarding the work of the Federal

Equal  Housing  Opportunity  Council. They  cover  efforts  to  abolish  the

President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity in Housing and transfer its

function to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, civil rights

recommendations on housing, and the relocation of governmental facilities

working in the area of fair housing. There is also a file containing a preliminary draft of the Civil Rights Study for Federally Assisted Programs established by Title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964; an EEO action plan for Federal

agencies charged with initiating EEO programs; and an executive summary  of the  Management  Review  of the  Equal  Employment  Opportunity

Commission  (EEOC). Several  files  cover  the  U.S. Commission  on  Civil

Rights’ questionnaire to government agencies initiating EEO programs and

the responses of those agencies. There are Commission reports on voting

rights, women, and Title VI enforcement. Some files cover the organization

and reorganization plans for the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission  and  a  management  analysis  and  evaluation  of the  EEOC’s

31
 
           

                     

   

             

           

structure. Several “Civil Rights” chronological files (1971) deal with policies

in  the  President’s  budget  formulation  for  fiscal  year  1973, recommendations  by  the  Congressional  Black  Caucus, and  responses  to  the  government’s EEO efforts.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

II.38 Subject Files of the Director, 1969–1976 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 156 A

Box 3 [NN3­51­86­19]

Loc: NAII 

Arrangement: Arranged by the agency’s filing code 69.1 and thereunder by

subject.

File: E6­1 Civil Rights, Privileges and Immunities

Scope and Content: This file includes a memorandum on anti­discrimination  programs  in  the  Federal  Government. There  are  précis  of assigned

duties with a focus on EEOC and the Office of Federal Contract

Compliance, Department of Labor. There is also correspondence that covers Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act; Contract Compliance—Executive

Order 11246, Non­discrimination in Federal employment; and Fair

Housing—Executive  Order  11063, Titles  VIII  and  IX  of the  1968  Civil

Rights Act. Also included are correspondence of the Commission on Civil

Rights with various individuals and activists of the Civil Rights Movement

and reports of the Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.

II.39 [Deputy Directors’ & Assistant Directors’] Office Files, 1961–1968

(4 ft. 5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 8

Boxes 7, 10, 11, 15–16, 22, 26–27, 29

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by the agency’s filing code 61.1b and thereunder

chronologically.

32
 
           

   

               

     

   

   

   

   

   

   

Scope  and  Content: Correspondence  files  for  the  Community  Relations

Service, 1964; reports of the Task Force on Cities, 1967–68; reports of the

Task  Force  on  Civil  Rights, 1966; proposals  for  legislative  and  executive

action, 1966 and 1967; Memorandum from Civil Rights Division,

Department  of Justice  to  Joseph  P. Califano, Jr., Special  Assistant  to  the

President; Task  Force  Report  on  Education  for  1967  legislative  program;

Task  Force  on  Urban  Affairs, 1965–67; Civil  disorders  and  the  National

Advisory Commission agency response; memorandums that pertain to the

Office of Economic Opportunity, 1964; correspondence of Sargent Shriver,

Director of OEO; and Federal executive boards’reports on urban problems

and issues, 1966–67.

II.40 Civil Rights Organizational Files, 1977–1979 (10 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 245

Boxes 1–10 [NN3­051­95­005]

Loc: NAII 

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope and Content: This series is unprocessed. Some examples of the information found in this entry include:

1. Box 1

Volume 1: Summary of the President’s Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1978

to  reorganize  the  Federal  Government’s  equal  opportunity  enforcement

activities, with a special emphasis on the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission

Volume 2: Study initiative for the reorganization of civil rights efforts by

Federal  agencies  with  focus  on  the  elimination  of discrimination  in

employment, education, and  housing  in  Federally  assisted  activities  and

projects

Volume 3: Public participation in EEO reorganization initiative; reports by

several agencies involved in EEO efforts

Volume 4: Analysis of the public’s response to the reorganization initiative

Volume 5: Civil rights groups respond to the reorganization initiative and

33
 
   

   

     

         

     

   

     

submit proposals for the strengthening of Federal protections of rights to

equal opportunity

2. Box 2

Volume 6: Business response and reaction to the Federal action to consolidate civil rights/EEO programs

Volume 7: Federal agencies responses to the new efforts of the government

to consolidate civil rights/EEO programs

Volume 8: Unions’ and civil rights and other groups’response to the Federal

initiative to consolidate civil rights /EEO programs

Volume  9: Various  responses  and  reaction  to  the  Reorganization  Act  of

1977 and the proposals for the equal employment entities’ reorganization

Volume 10: Reports from consultant groups on the advantages and disadvantages of the consolidation of Federal contract compliance functions into

an  Office  of Federal  Contract  Compliance; proposals  for  reorganizing

Federal EEO rights and enforcement efforts

3. Box 3

Volume  11: Various  reorganization  proposals  and  recommendations  for

ending employment discrimination

Volume 12: Presidential decision memorandum summarizing the findings

and recommendations and identifying the steps required to undertake the

recommendations

Volume  13: Congressional  action  regarding  the  reorganization  plan  with

congressional staff in place to work with the plan

Volume 14: Congressional testimony on Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1978

Volume 16: Congressional hearings in March and April 1978, which included  several  civil  rights  advocates  such  as  James  T. McIntyre, Jr., OMB;

Eleanor  Holmes  Norton, EEOC; Alan  K. Campbell, U.S. Commission  on

Civil Rights; Drew S. Days III, Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice;

Donald Elisburg, Department of Labor; and Clarence Mitchell and Arthur

S. Flemming, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

34
 
   

           

   

   

   

         

Volume 17: Implementation of coordination responsibility comprising the

Executive  order  providing  for  the  coordination  of the  Federal  EEO  programs and the implementation of the reorganization plan

4. Box 4

Folders: Draft Phase I Documents #1—draft reports of the Civil Rights Task

Force; Drafts  Phase  I  Documents  #2—drafts  of the  reorganization  plan,

Civil  Rights  Task  Force, January–February  1978; Miscellaneous  Phase

Documents; files on the civil rights activities of the Congress during 1977;

Congressional liaisons with Federal agencies

5. Box 5

File: Volume C­1, March 1977–July 1977

Correspondence  file  discussing  issues  surrounding  equal  employment

efforts by the U.S. Government. Among the issues discussed were initiatives

for establishing an appeals system, proposed legislation and related memorandums, status of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, fragmentation  of the  Federal  civil  rights  enforcement  efforts, news  clippings

and  correspondence  seeking  consolidation  of Federal  equal  employment

opportunity  efforts, and  agencies  responsible  for  civil  rights  compliance.

The file also contains correspondence from non­Federal institutions interested in the government’s civil rights efforts.

File: Volume C­2, August 1977–September 1977

Correspondence  file  acknowledging  individuals, organizations, government agency heads of civil rights offices for their recommendations concerning  the  reorganization  of the  government’s  civil  rights  enforcement

efforts. Also comments from organizations and government agencies

regarding  the  reorganization  efforts. Memorandum  of the  President’s

Reorganization Project.

File: Volume C­3, Oct. 1977–April 1978

Correspondence  file  consisting  of Federal  and  non­Federal  communications. Much of the correspondence relates to the President’s Reorganization

Project. File: Volume 21 Conferences, May 1977–April 1978. Invitations to

participate in civil rights conferences and seminars on equal employment

opportunity. Letters  of appreciation; planning  of local, regional, and

35
 
   

   

   

             

   

                   

   

national conferences; meetings with business and financial groups; correspondence from groups such as National Urban League, NAACP, National

Black  Policemen  Association, AFL­CIO, law  firms  and  attorneys, U.S.

Conference of Mayors, and the Brookings Institution.

File: Volume 22 Civil Rights Commission Report, ca 1977

The  file  contains  a  status  report  of EEO  efforts  in  the  Civil  Service

Commission, the Department of Labor (Compliance Office), the

Department of Labor (Equal Pay Act), the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission, the  Department  of Justice  (Civil  Rights  Division), and  the

Equal Employment Opportunity Coordinating Council. There is a section

on the 1977 Report of the Commission on Civil Rights and EEOC’s comments on the report.

6. Box 6

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

File: Veteran’s Administration Equal Opportunity Lender Certificate, 1977

Scope and Content: Instructions for home loan processing for VA centers

File: Federal Programs, 1976–77

Scope  and  Content: Department  of Housing  and  Urban  Development

(HUD)  publications  on  fair  housing; conference  report  before  the  U.S.

Commission on Civil Rights— “Milliken v. Bradley: The Implications for

Metropolitan Desegregation”

File: GAO Draft Questionnaire, 1977

Scope  and  Content: Draft  questionnaire  of a  General  Accounting  Office

(GAO) survey of Federal agency enforcement of Title VI of the 1964 Civil

Rights Act

File: President’s statement on Title VI, 1977

Scope and Content: Minutes of the cabinet meeting, July 11, 1977;

Department  of Justice  correspondence  regarding  the  Attorney  General’s

responsibility for strengthening enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights

Act of 1964

36
 
   

   

   

     

     

   

   

                   

       

   

   

           

File: Education, 1975–78

Scope and Content: HEW statement on behalf of the Equal Employment

Opportunity  Commission, Administration  and  Enforcement  of Certain

Civil Rights Laws and Authorities; HEW report: Fact­Finding Hearing to

Consider Employment by Institutions of Higher Education Under Federal

Non­Construction Contracts; newspaper clippings; memorandum regarding  the  Administration’s  proposal  for  a  Cabinet­level  Department  of

Education; released  statement  by  Rev. Jesse  Jackson, President, Push  for

Excellence, Inc.

File: Kenneth Adams v. Joseph Califano, Secy. of HEW, 1977

Scope  and  Content: Copy  of U.S. District  Court  for  the  District  of

Columbia order and ruling

File: Housing, 1978

Scope  and  Content: Statement  of Patricia  Roberts  Harris, Secretary  of

HUD, before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, U.S.

Senate; newsletter of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights; various circulars

that pertain to urban housing

File: Title VI Forum, 1976–78

Scope and Content: Newsletter of the Civil Rights Division of the

Department  of Justice, Federal  Program  Section; draft  of the  Federal

Financial  Regulatory Agency’s  report: Department  of Justice  Civil  Rights

Division Housing and Credit Section

File: Department of Defense, 1978

Scope and Content: Draft report of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on

the Department of Defense

File: General Information and Data, 1978

Scope and Content: Congressional correspondence, notes from the

President’s Reorganization Project

7. Box 7

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

37
 
   

       

     

     

   

   

   

   

   

     

     

   

Scope  and  Content: A  report  issued  by  the  Institute  for  the  Study  of

Educational Policy, Howard University, on affirmative action in higher education, 1977; comments  and  suggestions  from  a  variety  of organizations

and  institutions  on  the  proposed  amendment  to  Title  VIII  of the  Civil

Rights  Act  of 1968, H.R. 3504, A  National  Housing  Law  Project; Special

Task  Force  report  on  the  Office  of Federal  Contract  Compliance, 1977,

commissioned by Ray Marshall, Secretary of Labor; report on affirmative

action in faculty employment as proposed by Executive Order 11246, 1974,

prepared by Professor Jan Vetter, University of California, Berkeley; report

prepared by the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1977, on

the  transfer  of affirmative  action  responsibilities  in  Federal  employment

from the Civil Service Commission to the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission; assorted reports and position papers on Federal responsibilities in the area of equal opportunity and employment rights, 1975–78; and

Mid­Atlantic Regional Action of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on

the 1980 National Affirmative Action Monitoring Project.

8. Box 8

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

File: Federal Program Citations, 1977

Scope and Content: Listings and statistics of Federal EEO and compliance

programs under Title VI, VII, and VIII

File: Work Plan—OMB’s Role in Civil Rights, 1978

Scope and Content: Study of OMB role in the administration and enforcement of civil rights laws; master mailing list of names, groups, associations,

college and university presidents, unions, mayors, and human rights groups

to correspond with on Federal enforcement of civil rights laws

File: Status Report, Phase II, 1978

Scope and Content: Phase II study of nondiscrimination efforts in Federally

assisted  programs  and  fair  housing; options  papers, study  designs, and

reports on the Federal enforcement of civil rights laws, 1978

9. Box 9

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

38
 
                 

       

   

         

   

   

     

   

       

   

     

             

     

     

   

Scope and Content: State Advisory Committee Reports to the U.S.

Commission on Civil Rights, 1980: Massachusetts, Tennessee, New Jersey,

Oklahoma, Michigan, and Pennsylvania

10. Box 10

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope and Content: Title VII statutes and DOJ lists of VII agencies, 1978;

report on the reorganization of equal employment opportunity programs,

1977; options papers on the reorganization of Federal equal employment

programs, September–December 1977; report of the Department of

Agriculture on civil rights programs and responsibilities, 1978; Interagency

Survey  report: Evaluation  of Title  VI  Enforcement  at  the  Community

Services  Administration, May  1976; District  Court  of the  District  of

Columbia, brief, Women’s Equity Action League, et al., v. Joseph Califano, Jr.,

and Kenneth Adams,et al., v. Joseph Califano, Jr., June 1976; report,Veteran’s

Administration Loan Guaranty Service, February 1978; list of departments

and  agencies  responsible  for  equal  opportunity  enforcement, December

1978; doctoral dissertation on Hispanic groups and government employment, 1977; draft option papers on Federal EEO programs, 1978; agency

comments  on  options  papers, 1977; and  correspondence  related  to  an

Executive order banning sex discrimination in Federally assisted programs,

1977.

Record Group 56
 

General Records of the Department of the Treasury
 

II.41 The Department of Treasury was created by an act of September 2,

1789  (1  Stat. 65). This  act, which  remains  the  Department’s  operating

authority, provides for the appointment of a Secretary of the Treasury as

the  head  of the  Department, a  Comptroller, an  Auditor, a  Treasurer, a

Register, and  an  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. The  duties  assigned  to  the

Secretary  are  to  prepare  and  implement  plans  for  the  improvement  and

management  of the  revenue  and  for  the  support  of the  public  credit, to

superintend the collection of the revenue, to devise forms for keeping and

stating  accounts  and  making  returns, to  grant  under  certain  established

limitations  all  warrants  for  moneys  issued  from  the  Treasury, to  execute

39
 
   

                 

   

         

   

   

     

such services relating to the sale of public lands as may be required of him,

to report to either branch of the Congress in person or in writing on all

matters referred to him by those bodies or which appertain to his office,

and  to  perform  all  such  services  relating  to  the  public  finances  as  he  is

directed. As  a  major  policy  adviser  to  the  President, the  Secretary  of the

Treasury  has  primary  responsibility  for  formulating  and  recommending

domestic and international financial, economic, and tax policy; participating in the formulation of broad fiscal policies that have general significance

for the economy; and managing the public debt. The Secretary also oversees the activities of the Department in carrying out its major law enforcement responsibility; in serving as the financial agent for the U.S.

Government; and in manufacturing coins, currency, and other products for

customer agencies. The Secretary also serves as the Federal Government’s

chief financial officer.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF
 

EMPLOYMENT POLICY PROGRAMS
 

II.42 The Office of Employment Policy Programs was responsible for the

operation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Program under the general supervision of the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, who serves as the

Employment  Policy  Officer. The  Office  promulgates  policies, procedures,

and guidelines for the handling of complaints of discrimination in employment and other personnel matters based on race, creed, color or national

origin  under  Executive  Order  11246. The  Office  investigates  complaints,

attempts their resolution, and makes recommendations to appropriate officials for corrective action, if indicated. The Office also promotes positive

aspects of the program through studies of employment practices and recommends measures to be taken for improvement.

II.43  Subject  Files  of the  Assistant  Secretary  and  Employment  Policy

Officer Robert A. Wallace, 1960–1962 (11 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 756

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­056­99­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

40
 
   

     

               

   

           

                 

               

                 

               

               

Scope  and  Content: This  series  contains  memorandums  and  correspondence  relating  to  the  establishment  and  administration  of the  equal

employment  program  throughout  the  Department  of the  Treasury. The

records focus on agency efforts to institute equal employment policies and

practices in the Treasury Department. Subjects include matters such as the

Equal Employment Opportunity Program, discrimination complaints

filed, minority recruitment, and progress reports on minority hiring.

II.44  Outgoing  Correspondence  of the  Director  of the  Employment

Policy Program Mary F. Nolan, January 4, 1965–December 5, 1966 (4 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 757

Box 1 [NN3­056­99­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  by  year  and  thereunder  in  reverse  chronological

order.

Scope  and  Content: This  series  contains  memorandums  and  correspondence relating to the administration of the Equal Employment

Opportunity Program in the Department of the Treasury. The records concern specific matters such as investigating discrimination complaints, onthe­job training, and restrictive hiring practices.

II.45  Subject  Files  of the  Director  of the  Employment  Policy  Program

Mary F. Nolan, 1963–1966 (9 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 758

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­056­99­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: This series contains memorandums, correspondence, press

releases, and reports concerning the investigation and monitoring of Treasury’s

Equal Employment Opportunity Program. The records relate to such specific

matters asracial discrimination complaints,hiring practices,high turnoverrates

among narcotics agents, Coast Guard appointments, field installation inspections, and the President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity.

41
 
             

                 

                     

                 

               

           

                   

               

                 

           

               

                     

                   

   

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY

II.46  Subject  Files  of Treasury  Under  Secretary  Edward  C. Schmults,

1974–1975 (3 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 760

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­056­99­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: This series consists of correspondence, memorandums,

and testimony concerning the assistance and advice provided to the

Secretary and Deputy Secretary of the Treasury by the Under Secretary on

the formulation and execution of high­level policies and programs relating to such matters as tariff administration, law enforcement, departmental administrative management, legislative liaison, and the general revenue

sharing program. These records concern such specific topics as the Bank

Holding Act, general revenue sharing program, securities legislation, student loans, civil rights issues, intelligence activities, and testimony before

congressional subcommittees on securities, foreign operations, and the

Merchant Marine. Prior to being appointed Under Secretary, Edward

Schmults was Treasury’s General Counsel, and some of his files from that

earlier position are included in this series. The records are partially

restricted.

II.47 Subject Files of Treasury Under Secretary Jerry Thomas, 1976 (1 ft.

6 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 761

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­056­99­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: This series consists of correspondence, memorandums,

and reports concerning the assistance and advice provided to the Secretary

and Deputy Secretary of the Treasury by the Under Secretary on formulation  and  execution  of high­level  policies  and  programs  relating  to  such

matters  as  law  enforcement  operations, tariff administration, the  general

42
 
   

               

               

       

                 

             

      

           

       

revenue sharing program, and departmental administrative management.

The records relate to such specific topics as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,

and Firearms (ATF), the Anti­Drug Enforcement Committee, the Energy

Resources Council, the Exchange Stabilization Fund, and the Haiti

International  Development  Bank  road  project. Also  included  are  records

from Under Secretary Jerry Thomas’s additional duties as Assistant

Secretary of Enforcement, Operations, and Tariff Affairs. The records are

partially restricted.

II.48 Subject Files of Treasury Special Assistant Faye P. Hewlett,

1975–1980 (5 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 764

Boxes 1–5 [NN3­056­99­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged in two parts—numerically by filing codes

(#100–209) and alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: This series consists of correspondence, memorandums,

reports, press releases, and newspaper articles concerning the assistance and

advice provided to the Under Secretary of Treasury by her Special Assistant

relating  to  budget  preparation  and  analysis, minority  banking  liaison

duties, civil  readiness  duties, personnel  hiring, and  other  administrative

duties. The  records  relate  to  such  specific  topics  as  the  minority  bank

deposit program, cash management, the Interagency Council for Minority

Business Enterprises, national women’s business enterprise, saving bonds,

destruction of unfit currency, and gasoline rationing.

Record Group 60
 

General Records of the Department of Justice
 

II.49 The Department of Justice (DOJ) was established by an act of June 22,

1870 (28 U.S.C. 501, 503, 509 note), with the Attorney General as its head

directing the affairs and activities of the Department. The Attorney General

represents the United States in legal matters generally and gives advice and

opinions to the President and to the heads of executive departments when

so requested. The Attorney General appears in person to represent the U.S.

43
 
     

   

             

       

   

   

   

     

Government before the U.S. Supreme Court in cases of exceptional gravity

or importance.

II.50 The Civil Rights Division (CRT) was established in 1957 to enforce

Federal statutes prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, sex, handicap, religion, and national origin. CRT enforces and prosecutes criminal

violations  of Federal  civil  rights  statutes  such  as  the  Civil  Rights Acts  of

1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968; the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as amended; the

Equal  Credit  Opportunity  Act; the  National  Voter  Registration  Act; the

Uniformed and Overseas Absentee Voting Act; and additional civil rights

provisions contained in other laws and regulations. The Division conducts

the litigation of cases to secure equal opportunity in the areas of employment, education, housing, voting, public  accommodations  and  facilities,

and  federally  assisted  programs. CRT  is  headed  by  an  assistant  attorney

general and is assisted by deputy assistant attorneys general.

II.51 Litigation  case  files  consist  of records  created  or  accumulated  by

DOJ’s legal components in carrying out the Department’s responsibilities

in matters arising under the laws of the United States in which legal action

may  be  taken  or  considered. Also, the  records  may  have  been  created  or

accumulated by DOJ in connection with administrative matters relating to

the  Department, its  various  components, and  offices  of U.S. Attorneys.

These records can be accessed using agency­created subject­ and name­card

indexes  to  identify  appropriate  case  file  numbers  and  may  occasionally

include brief descriptions of the litigation undertaken.

II.52 In use since 1911, DOJ’s current filing system is the “duplex­numeric

system.” Prior to this system, DOJ used a straight numerical filing system

beginning with #25013, for which each case or subject was assigned a consecutive number regardless of the year or nature of the case. Although the

straight numbers were phased out in 1914,some numbers that could not be

appropriately  classified  under  the  current  system  are  still  in  use. The

duplex­numeric system is a subject­numeric system based on a standard set

of numerical codes that are separated by dashes. Its primary numbers are

usually identified with Federal laws (a section of the U.S. Code), an act of

Congress, or a legal or administrative subject. These primary numbers are

referred to as  classes and now number 203. (It should be noted that the

usage of the term “class” in reference to the primary numbers has resulted

in them being termed “classified” regardless of their security classification

status.) Continuing in this sequence, the secondary numbers usually repre44
 
   

   

   

   

               

sent the judicial district in which the case began or to which the subject may

relate. The tertiary numbers identify each file pertaining to a particular case

arising within a given district. Using case file 5­51­836 as an example, the

number 5 (class) refers to the violation or subject (Income and Inheritance

Taxes), 51  represents  the  judicial  district  (Southern  New  York), and  836

identifies a particular case (case number 836) within district 51.

II.53 There are, in fact, some variations and exceptions to this filing system.

Some classifications (classes) such as Class 90 (Lands) are not arranged by

district but are further subdivided by subject. In other classes, such as Class

60  (Antitrust  Violations  cases), the  second  number  represents  the  commodity involved in the case and not the judicial district. Additionally, all of

the  DOJ  classes  contain  general  files  of miscellaneous  correspondence

which are identified by “0” sub­numbers. Any such case file ending with a

zero is a general file, and the placement of the zero pertains to the type of

subject involved. For instance, file 170­0 contains miscellaneous correspondence about hiring and employment discrimination. Furthermore, file 170­

12­0 contains miscellaneous correspondence about hiring and employment

discrimination in the Southern District of California.

II.54 Classes may also be further divided by a series of standard zero subnumbers  such  as  01  (legislation), 04  (Executive  orders  and  Presidential

proclamations), and 016 (definitions and interpretations). For example, file

170­12­016 contains correspondence about the interpretation of Title VII

of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in the Southern District of California. All

DOJ case files, regardless of the filing system (straight numerical system or

duplex­numerical  system), are  physically  similar. Each  case  file  contains

correspondence and reports pertaining to a particular case or legal transaction that are “Acco­fastened” inside of file jackets and stamped with a file

number. A “multisection” case file results when additional sections of the

file are created if the file jacket becomes thicker than 1.5 inches. Those files

measuring less than one inch are “single­section” case files. Note that only

a small sample of civil rights­related litigation case files from six classes are

described in this finding aid due to the large volume of accessioned textual

records. For information about other litigation case files,researchers should

consult  other  litigation  cases  that  comprise  the  series Classified  Subject

Files, 1930–1987, and the related bulky records “Enclosures to the

Classified Subject Files, 1930–1987.”

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RECORDS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION

II.55 The Civil Rights Division, headed by an assistant attorney general,was

established in 1957 to secure effective Federal enforcement of civil rights.

The  Division  is  the  primary  institution  within  the  Federal  Government

responsible for enforcing Federal statutes prohibiting discrimination on the

basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin. The Division has responsibilities in the coordination and review of various civil rights statutes that prohibit  discrimination  on  the  basis  of race, color, national  origin, sex, and

religion in programs and activities that receive Federal financial assistance

from Federal agencies. It handles criminal cases involving conspiracies to

interfere with federally protected rights; deprivation of rights under color

of law; the use of force or threat of force to injure or intimidate someone in

their enjoyment of specific rights (such as voting, housing, employment,

education, and  public  facilities  and  accommodations); interference  with

exercise  of religious  freedom; and  the  holding  of a  worker  in  slavery  or

involuntary servitude. It also handles educational opportunities litigation

involving violations of Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal

Educational Opportunities Act of 1974. The Division enforces civil statutes

prohibiting discrimination in housing on the basis of race, color, religion,

sex, national  origin, disability, or  familial  status; discrimination  in  credit

transactions; and discrimination in places of public accommodations, such

as  hotels, restaurants, and  places  of entertainment. It  also  safeguards  the

right to vote of racial and language minorities, illiterate persons, individuals with disabilities, overseas citizens, persons who change their residence

shortly before a Presidential election, and persons 18 to 20 years of age.

II.56 Class 144 (Civil Rights)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114­8

Boxes 1–1835

Loc: NAII

Scope and Content: This classification covers civil rights litigation initiated

before the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The cases involve suits to

implement  court­ordered  school  desegregation, complaints  of racial  discrimination on interstate common carriers, and allegations of brutality by

local  police  officials  against  blacks  and  members  of other  ethnic  groups.

The records below (and other relevant records) are described in NARS­A1

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and are located in:

1. 144­1­262 (Sec. 1–4): These are multisection case files for the Northern

Judicial  District  of Alabama  that  pertain  to  the  enrollment  of Autherine

Lucy  at  the  University  of Alabama. The  files  contain  memos, correspondence, and newspaper clippings describing the details of disturbances at the

University of Alabama and the resulting court case. Included also are letters

written in support of her enrollment; a transcript of Thurgood Marshall’s

telephone  conversations  concerning  the  case; and  a  memo  describing  an

incident  in  which  a  brick  was  thrown  through  the  front  window  of Rev.

Fred L. Shuttlesworth’s house (he accompanied Lucy on numerous occasions to the University of Alabama).

2. 144­1­266  (Sec. 1–4): The  records  are  multisection  case  files  for  the

Northern Judicial District of Alabama containing Federal Bureau of

Investigation  (FBI)  memos  and  correspondence  about  the  integration  of

schools in Birmingham, AL, and also about the June 29, 1958, bombing of

Bethel Baptist Church that was pastored by Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth.

3. 144­16­84 (Sec. 1–7): These are multisection case files for the District of

Columbia that contain correspondence, memos, and newspaper clippings

pertaining  to  the  re­argument  of Brown v. Board  of Education, et  al.

(October  1953)  before  the  U.S. Supreme  Court  and  other  related  school

segregation cases. Also contained in the files are responses to a survey conducted  by  Virginia  Attorney  General  J. Lindsay  Almond  of other  states’

attorneys  general  regarding  segregated  public  schools  in  their  respective

states. Replies to letters about Supreme Court desegregation decisions are

also included in the case files.

4. 144­40­116 (Sec. 1–2; and misc. file sec. 30): The records are multisection

case files for the Northern Judicial District of Mississippi that contain letters, petitions, and  telegrams  from  American  citizens  and  members  of

Congress, and the responses to them, concerning the investigation of the

murder of Emmett Louis Till in Mississippi. Till was a 14­year­old boy from

Chicago, IL, who was visiting relatives in Leflore County at the time of his

death. Also  contained  in  the  files  is  an  FBI  report  highlighting  the  complaints of two defendants to the Till murder case (Leroy Collins and Henry

Lee Logan) who allegedly were jailed in order to prevent them from testifying in the case.

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5. 144­41­686 (Sec. 13 and 15 B and other sections previously accessioned):

These  are  multisection  case  files  for  the  Southern  Judicial  District  of

Mississippi that contain correspondence, memos, and telegrams written in

response to the murders of the three civil rights workers (James Chaney,

Andrew  Goodman, and  Michael  Schwerner)  in  Neshoba  County, MS.

Grand jury indictments were returned in the case of U.S. v. Cecil Ray Price,

et al. Related grand jury enclosures (court sealed) to these case files contain

autopsy  photographs  of the  three  victims  and  photographs  of the  burial

site.

II.57 Class 166 (Voting Rights)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114­10

Boxes 1–142

Loc: NAII

Scope  and  Content: This  classification  originally  covered  discrimination

and  intimidation  in  voting  in  violation  of the  Civil  Rights Acts  of 1957,

1960, and 1964 (Title I). The classification was later expanded to include

enforcement of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The records below (and other

relevant records) are described in:

1. 166­1­7  (Sec. 1–8): The  records  are  multisection  case  files  for  the

Northern Judicial District of Alabama that contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, memos, and a field study report summarizing the nature

and scope of voter registration and problems experienced by Negroes who

attempted  to  register  to  vote. Federal  examiners  were  sent  to  Jefferson

County, AL, to investigate the complaints of Negro voters in Birmingham.

Some female Negro voters related stories of having their application forms

marked with “CF” to indicate colored female or, if married, being asked to

provide birth certificates to prove the legitimacy of their children.

2. 166­2­1  (Sec. 1–4): These  are  multisection  case  files  for  the  Middle

Judicial District of Alabama that contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, memos, and reports pertaining to the court case U.S. v. Sanford, et al.

in  violation  of the  Civil  Rights  Acts  of 1957  and  1960. This  case, filed

against the Elmore County Board of Registrars, culminated from a Federal

investigation of racial distinctions that were made in the voter registration

process in Elmore County, AL, and of Negro citizens not being granted the

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right to vote. The investigation determined that 80 percent of white citizens

were granted the right to vote versus only 6 percent of Negro voters.

3. 166­19M­35  (Sec. 1–9): The  records  are  multisection  case  files  for  the

Middle Judicial District of Georgia that contain correspondence, newspaper clippings, memos, reports, and telegrams pertaining to the court case

U.S. v. Zeke T. Mathews, et al. in violation of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957

and 1960. This case concerned the intimidation of prospective Negro voters and representatives of the Student Non­Violent Coordinating

Committee  (SNCC)  who  worked  on  Negro  voter  registration  in  Terrell

County, GA. The case files also contain transcripts of interviews held with

subjects and victims in the court case.

4. 166­40­3 (Sec. 1–17): These are multisection case files for the Northern

Judicial  District  of Mississippi  that  contain  correspondence, newspaper

clippings, memos, reports, and telegrams pertaining to the court case U.S.

v. Mississippi, et al. in violation of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960.

The case files also contain references to the shooting of SNCC worker James

Travis in Leflore County, MS, and the problems that Negroes experienced

when attempting to register to vote. Many Americans wrote to President

John F. Kennedy and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy expressing their

concerns  about  the  racial  problems  in  Greenwood, MS. A  telegram  sent

from the Chicago area friends of SNCC wrote that they “strongly protest

continued, unchecked  terror  and  violence  against  workers  attempting  to

register Negro voters in Mississippi.”

II.58 Class 167 (Desegregation of Public Accommodations)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114­12

Boxes 1–112

Loc: NAII

Scope  and  Content: This  classification  covers  discrimination  in  public

accommodations serving interstate commerce, which is prohibited under

Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The records below (and other relevant records) are described in:

1. 167­55­45: This  is  a  single­section  case  file  for  the  Western  Judicial

District of North Carolina that contains correspondence, memos, and an

FBI investigative report describing the details of complaints by victims of

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being denied service at a café in Statesville, NC. The victims were later identified as Pless Leonard Morrison, Jr., William Leon “Buddy” Gray, Ronald

Eugene Cowan, and Kenneth Byers. Gray was wounded by a gun that was

shot  as  the  group  of four  attempted  to  leave  the  diner. According  to  the

owner, Curtis  Reid, the  victims  had  accosted  a  white  female  patron  by

speaking to her.

2. 167­56­1: This  is  a  single­section  case  file  for  the  Judicial  District  of

North Dakota that contains correspondence, memos, and an FBI investigative report pertaining to a complaint against Home Café owner Helen L.

McLaughlin. She  allegedly  discriminated  against  Native  American  Ted

Bison  at  her  café  in  Devils  Lake, ND. Bison  and  other  Native Americans

often frequented this café. A second victim, Allen Fassett, also claimed that

he was discriminated against, contrary to the owner’s statement of asking

him to leave the café after causing a disturbance.

3. 167­67­75  (Sec.1–2): These  are  multisection  case  files  for  the  Judicial

District  of South  Carolina  that  contain  correspondence, memos, and  an

FBI investigative report regarding a tip provided by a CBS photographer

(Clarence Gibbons) to the FBI. Gibbons noted a possible demonstration at

the All Star Lanes, Inc., bowling alley in Orangeburg, SC. He indicated that

a group of Negro protestors, including students from South Carolina State

College, were said to be planning on testing the integration policy of this

bowling alley. Five Negro students entered the bowling alley without incident  on  February  2, 1968, and  two  bowled  for  50  minutes. The  owner,

Harry  K. Floyd, stated  that  he  was  not  going  to “buck” a  Federal  judge’s

order to integrate.

II.59 Class 168 (Desegregation of Public Facilities)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114­14

Boxes 1–18

Loc: NAII

Scope  and  Content: This  classification  covers  cases  involving  discrimination in access to or use of facilities such as parks, playgrounds, swimming

pools, libraries, auditoriums, and courthouses. This classification also covers cases pertaining to golf courses and liquor stores owned or managed by

a state or local government, including facilities operated by private busi50
 
       

   

   

   

   

                     

                 

                   

                       

                     

                         

                     

                     

                           

nesses located in public buildings. The records below (and other relevant

records) are described in:

1. 168­1­1: This  is  a  single­section  case  file  for  the  Northern  Judicial

District of Alabama that contains correspondence and an FBI investigative

report  describing  the  account  of the  Negro  victim  Lorenza  King. King

alleged  that  he  was  discriminated  against  and  physically  struck  by  an

unknown bus driver in Birmingham, AL, on July 28, 1964, when attempting to board the bus. The bus driver became angry when King supposedly

refused to board the bus through the rear door. Consequently, the investigation concluded that the bus system in Birmingham was desegregated and

that no pattern of resistance existed.

2. 168­3­3: This is a single­section case file for the Southern Judicial District

of Alabama  that  contains  correspondence  and  affidavits  describing  the

details of the court case U.S. v. Hugh Mallory, Judge of the Dallas County

Court in Alabama. The plaintiffs in the case, James Bevel and James Webb

(two Negro staff workers of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

[SCLC])  filed  suit  against  the  judge  on April  26, 1965, alleging  denial  of

“equal protection” of the laws arising from their conviction for contempt of

court. Judge  Mallory  convicted  them  after  they  refused  to  move  from  a

“small  section  of the  Dallas  County  Courtroom  specifically  reserved  for

white people” to the “larger section of said courtroom reserved for the general public.” Both men were sentenced to five days in jail and $50 fines. A

motion to dismiss was granted in the case.

3. 168­35­1 (Sec. 1–2): The records are multisection case files for the Judicial

District of Maryland that contain correspondence, court briefs, and photographs regarding a lawsuit brought by plaintiffs Joseph W. Williams, Olivia

Jones, and John W. Battiste. The plaintiffs alleged that they were denied “full

and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, etc.” provided by the

defendants due to their race and color at the arena and swimming pool in

Cambridge, MD. These facilities were owned and operated by the Rescue Fire

Company Area and Swimming Pool, which agreed later to integrate the skating arena but would not open the swimming pool due to a “lack of funds.”

II.60 Class 169 (Desegregation of Public Education)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114­16

51
 
   

     

   

   

   

   

           

       

Boxes 1–59

Loc: NAII

Scope  and  Content: This  classification  covers  civil  suits  instituted  by  the

Attorney General for the desegregation of schools, private suits concerning

school  desegregation  in  which  the  Department  intervened, and  cases  in

which the Department provided technical or financial assistance to school

boards preparing desegregation plans. The classification also includes cases

involving allegations of discrimination by public or private school officials

in the firing or assigning of administrators, principals, teachers, or school

employees. The records below (and other relevant records) are described in:

1. 169­3­15 (Sec. 1): This is a multisection case file for the Southern Judicial

District of Alabama that contains court briefs and memos pertaining to Lee,

et al. v. Macon County Board of Education, et al. The parents of Negro students attending segregated schools in Thomasville, AL, brought this lawsuit

against the school board. The court ordered the Macon County Board of

Education  to  prepare  a  desegregation  plan  by  the  start  of the  1970–71

school year.

2. 169­10­23 (Sec. 1–3): These are multisection case files for the Western

Judicial District of Arkansas that contain an FBI report, correspondence,

newspaper clippings, memos, and telegrams relating to the lawsuit brought

by 11 Negro students and their parents against the Willisville school district

in  Nevada  County, AR. The  students  were  being  bused  to  a  segregated

school in the Oak Grove school district, 10 miles northwest of Willisville.

According to an FBI report, the Willisville school district would not integrate unless forced to do so because of space problems.

II.61 Class 170 (Discrimination in Hiring and Employment [Equal

Employment Opportunity])

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114­18

Boxes 1–44

Loc: NAII

Scope  and  Content: This  classification  covers  cases  arising  from  enforcement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination by employers, employment agencies, and labor unions. The records

below (and other relevant records) are described in:

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1. 170­1­1: This is a single­section case file for the Northern Judicial District

of Alabama that contains memos and an FBI report describing the allegation of Mercer Givhan, Jr., of his being discriminated against in employment in Birmingham, AL. Givhan responded to a newspaper advertisement

for management work by telephoning P. F. Collier and Son, Inc. He was told

that  there  were  not  any  positions  to  fill  after  stating  that  he  was  a

Morehouse College graduate. After contacting the office a second time, but

using  an  assumed  name  (Joe  Volker)  and  different  college, Givhan  was

immediately given an appointment date and time of July 12, 1965, at 11:45

a.m., to come in for an interview.

2. 170­3­7: This is a single­section case file for the Southern Judicial District

of Alabama  that  contains  an  FBI  report  detailing  the  allegation  of Lee

Davenport  being  denied  employment. Davenport  alleged  she  was  not

allowed to apply for a truck driver position with the United Parcel Service

(UPS) because of her gender. She attempted to apply for a position through

the Alabama Employment Service after reading an employment advertisement in the newspaper on January 18, 1967. She allegedly was told that “no

application could be accepted from a woman as there were no showers or

locker  room  facilities  for  women.” The  Department  of Justice  closed  the

case after finding that no further action was warranted due to: 1) not being

an appealing case (woman wants to be truck driver); 2) relief would require

expenditures for extra showers, etc; and 3) national policy was not seriously involved.

II.62  Files  of W. Wilson  White, Assistant  Attorney  General, 1958–1959

(10 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 306­B

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­60­91­2]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by file number.

Files: #101–14

Scope and Content: The records were created or accumulated by White as

the Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Division. These files contain  press  releases  from  the  White  House  and  others  from  the  Attorney

General  about  the  mob  attack  upon  Freedom  Riders  in  Alabama  and

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Mississippi. Also contained in the records are congressional legislation pertaining to mob violence and antilynching that culminated from such incidents as the Federal investigation into the abduction and subsequent murder of Mack Charles Parker, who was jailed and charged with raping a white

woman. Parker was dragged from his jail cell by a group of masked men,

and nine days later his body was found by FBI agents in the Pearl River near

Bogalusa, LA. There  are  reports  about  the  status  of school  desegregation

plans in southern states such as Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina,

Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia to comply with the Supreme Court decision

in Brown v. Board  of Education and  a  paper  about  the  Division’s  role  in

school segregation cases (1961). Also contained in the records are memorandums  and  reports  about  public  school  closings  to  avoid  integration

“massive resistance,” such as in Prince Edward County, VA; an analysis of

school  closings  laws; and  a  copy  of Attorney  General  Herbert  Brownell’s

legal opinion (November 7, 1957) to President Dwight Eisenhower about

the Little Rock school desegregation case in Arkansas.

II.63  Files  of Joseph  M.F. Ryan, Jr., Acting  Assistant  Attorney  General,

1958–1960 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 306­C

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­60­91­3]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by file number.

Files #101–04

Scope and Content: The records were maintained for or by Ryan as acting

Assistant  Attorney  General  of the  Civil  Rights  Division. In  this  capacity,

Ryan was responsible for enforcing all Federal statutes affecting civil rights,

such as Federal election laws; obstruction of justice; peonage and slavery;

illegal  use  of search  warrants; and  laws  relating  to  illegal  deprivation  of

rights of citizens. These files are a hodgepodge of memorandums and correspondence concerning the Department’s authority to represent the child

of a Negro airman stationed in Little Rock, AR, in a suit to attend a school

adjacent  to  the  airbase; responses  to  policy  questions  about  impacted

school desegregation; and suggested desegregation requirements. The

records contain a copy of Attorney General William P. Rogers’s statement

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before the Senate Judiciary Committee on the proposed Civil Rights legislation (March 28, 1960); and various reports, background statements, and

responses about the voting referee bill.

II.64 Records of Burke Marshall, Attorney, 1961–1965 (1 ft. 5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 306­D

Boxes 1–4 [NN3­60­91­005]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: #102 Legislation—Mississippi to Title III C.R.A. of 1960

Scope and Content: The records were maintained for or by Marshall as the

Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Division. These files contain

copies of municipal ordinances or city codes that were requested by Deputy

Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach from various U.S. attorneys about

racial segregation in Birmingham, Montgomery, and Selma, AL; Asheville,

Greensboro, and Winston­Salem, NC; Danville, Lynchburg, Richmond, and

Roanoke, VA; Baltimore City and Montgomery County, MD; Baton Rouge

and  New  Orleans, LA; and  Clarksdale, Greenwood, and  Meridian, MS.

Included  also  is  a  report  of the  Mississippi  Freedom  Democratic  Party

(MFDP) highlighting its political challenges and a COFO report describing

the  Mississippi  State  legislature’s  passage  of anti­civil  rights  bills  such  as

antileafleting and antipicketing legislation. The records contain the statement of U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy about racial discrimination  in  the  operation  of interstate  motor  carriers  (before  the  Interstate

Commerce Commission [ICC]); comments on the impact to Federal voting referee bills hearings; reports on school desegregation plans; sit­in cases

pending  for  argument  before  the  Supreme  Court; and  drafts  of the  proposed Civil Rights Act of 1964 and comments about the constitutionality of

the Civil Rights Act of 1966.

II.65  Records  of St. John  Barrett, Deputy  Assistant  Attorney  General,

1965–1967 (7 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 306­E

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­60­91­4]

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Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by file number.

Files: #101–10

Scope  and  Content: These  records  were  accumulated  or  maintained  by

Barrett as Deputy Assistant Attorney General. These files contain drafts of

policy memorandums regarding control of the Title VII litigation by DOJ;

policy planning of litigation under section 707 of the Civil Rights Act of

1964, and investigations of public accommodations complaints. The files

contain background material and legal opinions about the Mack Charles

Parker lynching case in Poplarville, MS (144­41­304) in U.S. v. Jewel Haysel

Alford, et al. and supporting draft memorandums for antilynching legislation; sit­ins  at  lunch  counters  and  cafeterias  (lunch  counter  cases); and

summaries of protest activities at segregated public libraries in Memphis,

TN, Petersburg, VA, and Greenville, SC. Included also is a copy of the FBI

Director’s report to the Attorney General on “Negro Protest

Demonstrations/Racial  Matters”; a  summary  report  prepared  in  connection with the voting referee bills; a copy of “Arkansas Anti­Integration Acts

of 1958”; and reports about ICC cases and others about the experiences of

Freedom  Riders  (Congress  on  Racial  Equality  [CORE]  members)  testing

the new integration law. There are also copies of memorandums of support

in U.S. v. City of McComb, et al. and U.S. v. John L. Fraiser, et al. (ICC cases),

a letter from Secretary of State Dean Rusk to Attorney General Robert F.

Kennedy in support of efforts to desegregate interstate bus transportation;

and the survey report “Waiting Room Practices in 21 Southern Cities,” prepared by the Southern Regional Council. Included also is the NAACP paper

“Jim­Crow  Still  Rides  the  Trains” and  a  copy  of the  pamphlet  “Our

Struggle: The Story of Montgomery,”written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,

about the violent protest against segregated buses in Montgomery, AL.

II.66 Records of John Doar,Assistant Attorney General, 1960–1967 (9 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 306­F

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­60­90­008]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by file number.

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Files #101–21 (miscellaneous and notebook)

Scope and Content: These records were maintained for or by John Doar as

the Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Division. The files contain  copies  of annual  reviews  (1964–66)  and  the  report  “Leading  Civil

Rights Cases” covering the desegregation of public facilities and accommodations, rights and voter registration, education, fair housing, juries, poll

taxes, and criminal laws enforcement. There are copies of jury instructions

in U.S. v. Cecil Ray Pride, et al. (for the murder of Goodman, Chaney, and

Schwerner); U.S. v. Cecil William Myers, et al. (murder of Negro educator

Lemuel Penn); the trial for the murder of Mrs. Viola Liuzzo; and U.S. v.

Earle Wayne Patridge, et al. (police brutality against Fannie Lou Hamer).

Included also are copies of legal opinions given to grand juries (memorandums  of law)  on  various  matters  such  as  “flight  as  evidence  of guilt”;

instructions  sent  to  FBI  Director  J. Edgar  Hoover  (August  9, 1965)  on

bureau investigative procedures to be followed under the Voting Rights Act

of 1965; and a copy of the Commission on Civil Rights report (February

1964)  “Directory  of Desegregated­Segregated  Status  of Institutions  of

Higher Education in the Southern U.S.”

II.67 Records of David L. Norman, 1969–1973 (1 ft. 5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 306­G

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­60­90­9]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by file number.

Files: #101–42

Scope and Content: These records were created or accumulated by David L.

Norman for his use as the Deputy Assistant Attorney General of the Civil

Rights Division. The files contain references to voting problems in Raleigh,

NC, Chicago, IL, Richmond, VA, and Lowndes County, AL; policy on the

presence of U.S. marshals at polling places; and guidelines for appointing

election  observers. There  are  comments  about  provisions  of the  voting

rights act regarding giving false information to Federal examiners, a draft

brief for South Carolina v. Katzenbach, and a copy of the transcript of testimony by Norman as Acting Attorney General of the Civil Rights Division

before a congressional subcommittee about the enforcement of Section 5 of

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the  Voting  Rights  Act  of 1965  and  the  re­registration  of black  voters  in

southern  states  such  as  Alabama  and  Mississippi. Also  contained  in  the

records is a copy of Mississippi State NAACP conference president Aaron

Henry’s  statement  about  voting  irregularities  before  the  House  Judiciary

subcommittee  that  recounted  tales  in  his  state  about  car  tires  being  cut,

bomb threats, and the murders of Edgar Higganbotten and Eddie

McClinton by white men. There are references to proposed legislation to

create a “National Voter Registration Administration (NVRA)” within the

Bureau of the Census; and testimony by Senator Edward Kennedy,

Secretary of State of Pennsylvania Delores Tucker, and Congressman Bill

Frenzel before a Senate hearing to support the establishment of voter registration  by  mail. Included  is  a  copy  of a  publication  entitled, “Aspects  of

Federal  Civil  Rights  Enforcement: the  Justice  Department  and  the  FBI,

1939–1964”; a memorandum entitled “The Open City—the Federal Attack

on the Urban Ghetto” summarizing the Federal Bar Association conference

in  Washington, DC  (March  16–17, 1963); copies  of the  1971–72  annual

report of the Division; and a paper describing the Federal court system.

II.68 Subject Index to Various Central Classified Files, 1918–1981 (3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1001

Box 14

Loc: NAII

Index Cards: Civil Rights

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: The records are 3­ x 5­inch index cards that serve as

cross­references to the general files for Classes 44, 144, 166, 169, 170, 171,

173, and 175. These index cards provide a brief synopsis of subject category for each class as it pertains to legislation, Executive orders and

Presidential  proclamations, reports  and  data, policy  and  procedures, and

definitions and interpretations.

II.69 Docket Cards, 1969–1987 (23 ft. 8 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1002

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Boxes 1–44

Loc: NAII

Index Cards: example 144­1­20

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by case file number.

Scope and Content: The records are 4­ x 6­inch index cards that serve as

cross­references to the litigation case files for Classes 44, 50, 57, 84, 95, 123,

125, 126, and 144. These index cards list the names of subjects or victims (if

known), nature of the complaint, date received, and name of the U.S. attorney who handled the case.

II.70 Name Index to Litigation Case Files, 1956–1984 (54 ft. 2 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1003

Boxes 1–124

Loc: NAII

Index Cards—A&A to Zysk, Kenneth

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by surname of person or name of

business entity.

Scope and Content: The records are 3­ x 5­inch index cards that serve as

cross­references  to  the  litigation  case  files  for  Classes  144, 166, 167, 168,

169, 170 and 175. These index cards list the case file numbers (DJ numbers), class titles (subject), names of subjects and victims (if indicated), a

brief synopsis of the complaint, geographical location, and related enclosures. Topics covered by the records pertain to civil rights, desegregation of

public  accommodations, bomb  threats, police  brutality, voting  rights,

denials of equal employment opportunities, and housing discrimination.

II.71 Subject Index to Litigation Case Files, 1946–1970 (4 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1004

Boxes 1–10

Loc: NAII

Index Cards—Alabama to Wyoming

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by state or subject.

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Scope and Content: The records are 3­ x 5­inch index cards that serve as

cross­references to the litigation case files for Classes 46, 50, 82, 84, 95, 121,

144, 171, and 175. These index cards identify the subjects and victims of the

complaint (if indicated), a synopsis of the civil rights complaint, and geographical location where the complaint occurred. Subjects covered by the

cards pertain to police brutality, extortion, racketeering, bribery, bombing

matters, and involuntary servitude. Class 144, which comprises the bulk of

the  cards, was  used  for  early  racial  discrimination  related  matters  in  the

area of school segregation and public accommodations before new classes

were designated for those subjects.

II.72 Name Index to EEOC Case Files, 1978–1980 (4 ft. 8 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1005

Boxes 1–9

Loc: NAII

Index Cards—Abeyta to Zvaigznitis

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by surname of person.

Scope and Content: The records are 4­ x 6­inch index cards that serve as

cross­references to the litigation case files for Classes 169 and 170. These

index cards list the names of the complainant, the nature of the complaint,

dates, and  the  case  file  number  (DJ  number). The  complaints  relate  to

desegregation of public education and discrimination in hiring and

employment that were filed against municipalities, school boards, colleges

and universities, and state or local agencies.

II.73  Subject  Index  to  Cases  Involving  Violations  of Election  Laws,

1928–1972 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1006

Boxes 1–3

Loc: NAII

Index Cards—Alabama to Wyoming

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by state.

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Scope and Content: The records are 3­ x 5­inch index cards that serve as

cross­references  to  the  litigation  case  files  for  Classes  72, 144, and  166.

These index cards provide a brief synopsis of the civil rights, election, or

voting  violation; names  of subjects  or  victims  (if known); city  and  state

where the violation occurred; and case file number (DJ number).

Record Group 65
 

Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

II.74 The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the investigative arm of

the Department of Justice (DOJ). It was established on July 26, 1908, when

Attorney General Charles Bonaparte created a force of special agents in the

DOJ. In 1909, this investigative service became the Bureau of Investigation

and reported to Chief Examiner Stanley W. Finch. It also became a permanent part of the DOJ. The Bureau of Investigation was renamed the U.S.

Bureau of Investigation on July 1, 1932. By the Act of March 22, 1935 (49

Stat. 77), the name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and

28, U.S.C. 533 gives the FBI its authority to conduct investigations.

II.75 The  FBI  is  responsible  for  investigating  allegations  of violations  of

Federal civil rights laws. This is completed through the FBI’s Civil Rights

Program, which  consists  of four  sub­programs: Hate  Crimes, Color  of

Law/Police  Misconduct, Involuntary  Servitude/Slavery, and  Freedom  of

Access to Clinic Entrances. The Civil Rights Unit at the FBI Headquarters

administers these programs and provides oversight to field investigations

related to Color of Law/Police Misconduct and Hate Crime.

II.76 The FBI records that relate to civil rights include administrative files,

investigative  files, special  files, and  special  collection  files. Administrative

and investigative files are created during the normal course of the FBI carrying out its mission. These types of files are maintained in the agency’s

central records system. In addition, special files and “interesting case write

up” summaries are created and maintained in some instances. Special files

consist  of annual  reports, and “interesting  case  write  up” summaries  are

generally maintained in the Director’s office. The material duplicates, for

the most part, the information found in the investigative files. Special collection files were developed in response to congressional, court, or

Presidential requests. (For a detailed account of how the FBI developed its

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filing system and a thorough description of the various classifications used

by the agency, see Gerald K. Haines and David A. Langbart, Unlocking the

Files of the FBI: a Guide to Its Records and Classification System [1993]).

II.77 Most  documents  that  relate  to  civil  rights  investigations  are  maintained in case files. The administrative and investigative case files are maintained according to a classification (class) scheme that has evolved since the

early 1920s and currently includes more than 309 classifications. Those that

pertain to civil rights matters include classification 44, civil rights; classification  50, involuntary  servitude  and  slavery; classification  88, unlawful

flight  to  avoid  prosecution; classification  157, civil  unrest; classification

173, Civil Rights Act of 1974; and classification 176, anti­riot laws.

Investigations  involving  more  than  one  violation  are  generally  classified

under  the  more  serious  crime. In  addition, a  secondary  number  is  used

after  the  classification  designator. This  number  designates  a  specific  case

within a classification. For example, a case with the number 44–12 indicates

that it was a case in classification 44, civil rights, and that it was the twelfth

civil rights case opened. Each document within a case would carry its own

numerical designation or serial number as well. Therefore, 44–12–6 would

refer to the sixth document or serial in the twelfth case conducted under

classification 44. The serials are numbered consecutively in chronological

order. Case components, in addition to the main record, include alphabetical  subfiles  of news  clippings, informant  reports, transcripts, and  enclosures to correspondence—enclosed bulky files (EBF) and exceptional case

materials.

II.78 In addition, each classification begins with a zero (0) file and a double zero (00) file. These are used for documents that relate to the classification but do not warrant a separate case designation. Most of the 00 files, for

example, contain material relating to the administrative history of the classification  and  document  how  the  FBI  initiated  it; changes  in  legislation

affecting  it  and  Bureau  responsibilities; investigative  policies  and  procedures; and the relationships of the FBI with other Federal agencies, including jurisdictional disputes. The 0 files predate the establishment of the 00

files and were sometimes used for policy documentation as well. The 0 files,

however, principally contain citizen complaints, routine requests for information, general reference material, and newspaper clippings that relate to

the  classification. Materials  culled  for  annual  reports  are  from  classifications 62, administrative inquiry, and 66, administrative matters.

62
 
             

   

     

   

   

Documents found in “interesting case write up” summaries and special collection files are drawn from a variety of FBI classifications. For a detailed

account of how the FBI developed its filing system as well as a thorough

description of the various classifications used by the agency, a researcher

should  consult Unlocking  the  Files  of the  FBI:  A  Guide  to  Its  Records  and

Classification System by Gerald K. Haines and David A. Langbart

(Wilmington, Delaware: 1993).

II.79 The FBI developed an extensive series of indexes to maintain intellectual control over their records. The most important is the general index,

which is arranged alphabetically and consists of two types of cards: 1) main

cards for individuals, organizations, and general subjects that are the primary focus of an investigation, and 2) cross­reference cards for secondary

subjects. When  the  FBI  transfers  case  files  to  the  National  Archives  and

Records  Administration  (NARA), in  most  instances, the  index  cards  are

also sent. NARA maintains these index cards by classification number and

thereunder alphabetically by the last name of the individual or by group

name.

II.80 The FBI field offices generally adopted the same filing procedures that

the headquarters maintained. However, because files are numbered consecutively in each different classification, the same case will not have the same

number at headquarters as in the field offices. In some instances, the case

may even be filed in an entirely different classification in the field than at

headquarters.

II.81 Some FBI case files, indexes, and special collections are restricted. A

researcher may request access to restricted materials under the Freedom of

Information Act (FOIA). See NARA’s web site archives.gov for guidance on

how to request materials under FOIA.

II.82 Classification 44—Civil Rights (2,542.76 ft.) 

This classification was established in 1924 by J. Edgar Hoover primarily to

investigate the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. He based his authority to do

this  on  the  civil  rights  act  of the  Reconstruction  period  that  prohibited

actions  or  conspiracies  to  stop  U.S. citizens  from  exercising  the  rights

secured by the Constitution. The records in this classification document the

domestic and social changes during the 20th century in the United States

The early records from 1921 to 1950 document FBI involvement in stop63
 
   

                   

                     

                     

                     

                       

ping  the  Ku  Klux  Klan, lynching, and  institutional  segregation  and  in

ensuring voting and other constitutional rights for American citizens. The

records of the 1960s and 1970s capture the changes in election laws and the

civil unrest taking place in the United States

II.83 Classification 44—Index to Headquarters Case Files, 1923–1972

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 37F

Boxes 1–77 [NN3­65­02­002]

Loc: NAII

Finding Aid: UD­04D

MLR Entry 13A

Boxes 1–137 [NN3­065­04­014]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder alphabetically by the last name of person or group name.

Scope and Content: The indexes provide case file numbers to headquarters

case files under classification 44. Each entry includes various types of information and can include a name (usually names of law enforcement officers),

aliases, a residing state, address, date of birth, birthplace, additional case file

numbers in which their names appear, and the name of any victims.

II.84 Classification 44—Headquarters Case Files, 1923–1978

Finding Aid: NARS­A1 

MLR Entry 38D (1923–46)
 

Boxes 1–346 [NN3­065­90­002]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP 

MLR Entry 38 (1922–64)
 

Boxes 1–272 [NN3­065­002­002]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP
 

MLR Entry 42 (1962–66)
 

Boxes 1–540 [NN3­065­002­022]
 

Loc: NAII
 

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Finding Aid: UD­UP 

MLR Entry 137 (1964–75)
 

Boxes 1–274 [NN3­065­002­013]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP
 

MLR Entry 144 (1966–68)
 

Boxes 1–271 [NN3­065­02­030]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP
 

MLR Entry 145 (1968–69)
 

Boxes 1–180 [NN3­065­03­004]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP
 

MLR Entry 150 (1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–900 [NN3­065­03­009]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 1 (1974–75)
 

Boxes 1–360 [NN3­065­04­001]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 5 (1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–360 [NN3­065­04­005]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 13 (1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–20 [NN3­065­04­014]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder numerically by case file.
 

Scope and content: This material pertains to investigations of civil rights
 

abuses, such as police and prison brutality. The case file materials consist
 

of telegrams, memorandums, correspondence, letters, newspaper clip65
 
           

                   

     

   

   

                 

     

   

pings, photographs, transcribed interview statements from witnesses and

other persons involved in the cases, and police reports. Some examples

include:

1. Case 44­1111: This case pertains to a man in St. John Parish, LA, who in

1944 attempted to register to vote and was denied due to skin color. Edward

Hall filed suit against the St. John Parish registrar of voters. The case was

dismissed by a Federal judge in 1945, who found that the policies used by

the registrar were not discriminatory.

2. Case 44­996: This case pertains to William Murray Mitchell of West Palm

Beach, FL,who was denied his right to vote in the Democratic primary elections in 1944 because of his skin color. He was told by the State Democratic

Executive Committee of the Democratic Party of Florida that he would be

allowed to vote in only the general elections.

3. Case  44­1137: This  case  pertains  to  21  black  residents  of the  Warren,

Halifax, and Northampton counties of North Carolina, who were denied

the right to register for the Democratic primary election in 1944. The individuals were presented with requirements such as writing the Preamble to

the Constitution from memory in order to register to vote.

4. Case  44­65602: This  case  involves  two  black  deputy  marshals  who  in

1975 sued numerous officials in the Department of Justice for racial discrimination. They claimed that there was a conspiracy to deny promotions

in retribution for speaking before the Black Deputy U.S. Marshals’

Organization.

5. Case 44­74619: This case pertains to complaints of physical abuse of prisoners by correctional officials at the Arkansas Department of Corrections

in Grady, AR, in 1977. The prisoners claimed the officers hauled them into

private rooms for minor violations and proceeded to beat them, and illegally  placed  them  in  solitary  confinement, claiming  that  the  prisoners  had

assaulted the officers.

6. Case 44­74301: This case pertains to three black males who were beaten

in Kansas City, MO, in 1977 by more than six police officers. The officers

claimed they were responding to complaints of loud disturbances coming

from the outside recreational area of an apartment complex.

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II.85 Classification 44—Index to Field Office Case Files, 1964–1978 

Finding Aid: UD­05D
 

MLR Entry 4 (1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–77 [NN3­065­05­002]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder alphabetically by the last name of person or group name.
 

Scope and Content: The index provides case file numbersfor headquarters case
 

files under classification 44. They display a varied amount of information and
 

can include a name (usually names of lawenforcement officers), aliases, a residing state, address, date of birth (DOB), birthplace, additional case file numbers
 

in which their names appear, as well as the names of the victims in the cases.
 

II.86 Classification 44 –Field Office Case Files, 1923–1978

Finding Aid: NARS­A1 

MLR Entry 53B (1923–38)
 

Boxes 1–5 [NN3­65­90­004]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D 

MLR Entry 14 (Albany—Chicago 1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–272 [NN3­065­002­002]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 15 (Cincinnati—Indianapolis 1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–206 [NN3­065­04­017]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 16 (1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–162 [NN3­065­04­018]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 17 (1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–320 [NN3­065­04­019]
 

Loc: NAII
 

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Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 20 (San Juan—Washington 1964–78)
 

Boxes 1–79 [NN3­065­04­021]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder numerically by case file number.

Scope and Content: This material pertains to investigations into police and

prison brutality complaints that occurred in a field office city or the surrounding areas served by those offices. The case files consist of memorandums, correspondence, letters, newspaper  clippings, photographs, transcribed interview statements from witnesses and other persons involved in

the cases, and police reports. The field office claims of civil rights abuses

mirror  those  in  the  headquarters  case  files, mainly  concerning  incidents

between  law  enforcement  officials  and  citizens, usually  complaints  of

unnecessary physical abuse during an arrest or during a prison term. Some

examples include:

1. Case  44­4719—New  Orleans: This  case  pertains  to  the  1972  killing  of

two  black  male  students  by  riot  police  on  the  campus  of Southern

University’s  campus  in  Baton  Rouge, LA. The  incident  occurred  about  a

month after protest demonstrations began against the school over certain

administrative practices, inclusive of substandard housing, slanted curriculum, poor equipment, and underqualified professors.

2. Case 44­2429—Los Angeles: This case pertains to an investigation of a

police officer who fatally shot Roland Daryle Peterson, a black male Long

Beach State University student. The Long Beach Police Department officer

was investigating Peterson’s involvement in a possible burglary. When the

police arrived at the Peterson’s apartment, he tried to flee and was shot and

killed by the officer.

3. Case 44­332—Milwaukee: This case involves the investigation of officials

at  the Wisconsin  State  Prison  who  were  accused  of blocking  an  inmate’s

request  to  file  a  petition  for  a  writ  of habeas  corpus. Leslie  M. Pirk, the

inmate, sought to expose the physical abuse inflicted by prison officers on

inmates in a segregated area of the prison. This area was used to hold prisoners who officers felt had disobeyed orders.

4. Case 44­7059—Dallas: This case pertains to a civil rights complaint by

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Kevin Miller, a white male of Hurst, TX, who was arrested in 1977 for his

involvement in a car accident while driving drunk. While in jail, two Hurst

police officers beat him until he confessed to two rapes.

5. Case 44­1773—Philadelphia: This case concerns racism and brutality in

the  Philadelphia  Police  Department  surrounding  a  1969  investigation

against two police officers. They dragged Gerry Goode from his car, beating

him with a blackjack before arresting him. He was charged with disorderly

conduct, assault on a police officer, and resisting arrest. This case spawned

several lawsuits against the Philadelphia police department and immense

controversy over its law enforcement practices.

6. Case 44­893—Minneapolis: This case pertains to an investigation of an

incident in which a Bureau of Indian Affairs policeman, Jesse Trueblood,

fired from his car into a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation residence with five

persons present in the home. Trueblood, who was killed shortly after firing

upon the home, was seen in a verbal altercation just before the shooting

with one of the persons in the home. The altercation, along with rising tensions between several Indian factions, was believed to have provoked the

shooting on the South Dakota reservation.

II.87 Classification  44—Headquarters  and  Memphis  Field  Office  Case

Files and Index Pertaining to the Assassination of Martin Luther King,

Jr., 1968–1978

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 39 (Headquarters and Memphis Field Office)

Boxes 1–105 [NN3­065­002­014]

Index Boxes 1–3

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder numerically by case file number. Index cards are arranged alphabetically by last name, place name, or description name.

Scope and Content: This material is also referred to under its code name,

MURKIN, and includes all investigative records accumulated following the

April  4, 1968, murder  of Martin  Luther  King, Jr. The  records  include  a

range of investigative material—memorandums, telegrams, laboratory and

autopsy reports, court proceedings, letters, photographs, drawings, newspaper clippings, and supplemental correspondence. The primary focus of the

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material is on James Earl Ray’s past, as well as his whereabouts and actions

leading  up  to April  4, 1968. Important  highlights  of these  records  reveal

Ray’s use of more than nine aliases, his extensive arrest record for illegal

activity that included armed robbery and the forging of U.S. Postal money

orders, as well as Ray’s alleged negligent actions immediately following the

shooting, leaving  behind  the  fingerprinted  rifle, articles  of clothing, and

laundry tags. The records reveal a skepticism in the investigation of Ray’s

alleged lone involvement in the murder. Also included are interview statements from inmates who served jail time with Ray before the murder. One

stated that his involvement would be “completely out of character” because

he  was  a  loner  who  actually  worked  well  with  black  inmates  on  kitchen

duties in the prison and displayed no racist or violent behavior.Also included is material showing that Ray’s attorney was contacted by persons claiming to have been involved in the murder (or knew of the involvement of

others in the murder for the exchange of money), as well as other mysterious  fragments  in  the  case, such  as  the  removal  of a  black  detective, Ed

Redditt, from security surveillance for King at the Lorraine Motel.

The indexes contain names of individuals, places, or descriptions of items

of evidence that appear in the investigation materials. The cards that contain an individual’s name include profiles of the persons, a physical description, and other information such address and date of birth. The evidence

description cards provide the item’s significance to the case. All of the cards

provide the case file number by which the person, place name, or description can be located in the investigation materials.

II.88 Classification 44—Field Office Case Files Pertaining to the

Investigation of the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., 1968–1978

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 40 

Index Boxes 1–4 [NN3­065­002­020]

Boxes 1–58

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Index cards are arranged alphabetically by last name, place

name, or description name.

Scope and Content: The indexes contain names of individuals or places that

appear in the investigation materials. The cards that contain an individual’s

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name include profiles of the person, physical description, and other information such address and date of birth. All of the cards provide the case file
 

number by which the person or place name can be located in the investigation materials.
 

Arrangement: The case files are arranged by subject classification number
 

44 and thereunder numerically by case file number.
 

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be
 

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see
 

paragraph II.81 of this guide.
 

Finding Aid: UD­04D
 

MLR Entry 21 (San Antonio Field Office)
 

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­065­04­022]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder numerically by case file number.
 

Scope and Content: These files pertain to investigations conducted by the
 

San Antonio Field Office into matters related to the larger investigation into
 

the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
 

Finding Aid: UD­05D
 

MLR Entry 18 (Boston and El Paso Offices)
 

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­065­05­012]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder numerically by case file number.
 

Scope and Content: These files pertain to investigations conducted by the
 

Boston and El Paso Field Offices into matters related to the larger investigation into the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP
 

MLR Entry 149 (Atlanta, Indianapolis, Albuquerque, and Kansas City
 

Field Offices)
 

Boxes 1–20 [NN3­065­03­008] 

Loc: NAII
 

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Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder numerically by case file number.

Scope and Content: These files pertain to investigations conducted by the

above  named  field  offices  into  matters  related  to  the  larger  investigation

into the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

II.89  Classification  44—Headquarters  Case  Files  Released  Under  the

Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Disclosure Acts

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 136G

Box 1–1 [NN3­065­02­010]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 44 and thereunder numerically by case file number.

Scope  and  Content: This  entry  includes  two  case  files  that  consist  of

telegrams, memorandums, letters, and transcribed sworn statements to the

FBI that mainly concern complaints of police brutality,such as use of excessive physical force and harassment of persons of Eastern European descent.

The cases are as follows:

1. Case  44­28776: This  case  pertains  to  a  Czechoslovakian  man, Josef J.

Hochman, who in 1965 was stopped for speeding in Murfreesboro, TN, by

a state policeman. When Hochman refused to sign the arrest ticket, he was

physically assaulted by the officer.

2. Case 44­51001: This case pertains to two Serbian men from Yugoslavia

who were assaulted by officers of the New York City Police Department and

U.S. Secret Service agents in 1971 while attending a gathering of demonstrators at a Serbian Orthodox church. Preparations were underway at the

church for a demonstration against an upcoming visit to President Nixon

by the Yugoslavian President. The men were harassed and beaten; one of

them suffered a broken arm.

II.90 Classification 50—Involuntary Servitude and Slavery [ISS]

1921–1975 (34.35 ft.)

This classification was adopted by the FBI for use in 1921 and was one of

the  original  classifications  from  the  Department  of Justice  filing  system.

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The  types  of cases  filed  under  this  classification  include  the  holding  or

returning of a person to peonage, enticement into slavery, sale into servitude, deprivation of rights under the 13th Amendment, and conspiracy to

violate the rights of citizens. Cases prior to 1942 generally involved involuntary servitude plus debt. The early cases concentrated on state and local

prison  conditions  and  forced  labor  issues, especially  chain  gangs  in  the

South  and  Jim  Crow  laws. From  1942  through  the  end  of the  1950s, the

cases did not concentrate on debt but rather on the issue of involuntary

servitude  and  slavery. The  focus  was  on  the  exploitation  of black  tenant

farmers  and  sharecroppers  in  the  South. The  1960s  and  1970s  case  files

clearly reflect a change in focus to migrant labor conditions, especially concerning Mexican and Central and South American workers.

II.91 Headquarters Files from Classification 50—(Involuntary Servitude

and Slavery) Released Under the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial

Government Disclosure Acts

Finding Aid: NARS­ A1

MLR Entry 136­J

Box 1 [NN3­065­01­015]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 50 and thereunder numerically by case file number.

Scope and Content: This entry includes one case file that consists of telegrams,

memorandums, letters and transcribed sworn statements to the FBI.

Case 50­2391: This case pertains to a German immigrant, Ludwig Karl

Graven, who was brought to the United States in 1949 by his foster daughter and her husband. The husband was a scientist, who came to the United

States after World War II as part of Project PAPERCLIP. This project recruited German scientists to the United States and laid groundwork for the space

program. Graven claimed that his daughter and her husband were holding

him against his will at their Monrovia, CA,residence, where he was forbidden

to leave and forced to do work around the home or face deportation. Graven

was eventually repatriated to Germany in 1953 due to his age and illness.

II.92 Classification 50—Field Office Case Files and Index, 1955­1977

Finding Aid: UD­04D

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MLR Entry 10

Index Box “M” [NN3­065­04­010]

Boxes 51–64

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: The index is arranged alphabetically by city name and thereunder alphabetically by last name.

Scope and Content: The index provides the field office city in which the

investigation was conducted and within those sections provides the names

of the individuals being investigated. It also provides any supporting information on the individuals, including aliases, address, date of birth, birthplace, and the names of the victims in the case. Several cards contain only

the victims’ names.

Arrangement: The case files are arranged by subject classification number

50 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  cover  field  office  investigations  into

complaints  of involuntary  servitude  and  slavery. The  records  include

telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper clippings, transcribed interview statements from witnesses and other persons involved in the cases, and

other correspondence. The content of the cases varies, from labor with little or no compensation to cases of prostitution. Some examples include:

1. Case  50­00—Albany: This  case  pertains  to  a  1972  investigation  of a

migrant farm labor camp in Pomona Park, FL. Victims stated that at the

Amos Lee Kimmel labor camp they were being forced to work without pay

and were intimidated with threats of physical violence. The owners of the

camp were found guilty of involuntary servitude, slavery, and peonage and

were convicted.

2. Case  50­47—Houston: This  case  involves  a  complaint  of involuntary

servitude against a Palacios, TX café owner, Roberta Allen. Mary Sanford

stated that as a waitress in Allen’s café in 1951, she was held against her will

and forced to go on “dates”with men, for which Allen collected $5. Sanford

received no money and was threatened with physical force.

3. Case 50­71—Philadelphia: This case involves a 1973 investigation of several Pennsylvania officials who allowed the involuntary servitude and peonage of 6,346 mental patients in various state institutions. The patients were

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forced to dig ditches, do janitorial work, perform electrical work, and assist

stone masons.

4. Case  50­21—Milwaukee: This  case  pertains  to  the  investigation  of

Benjamin Robert Navarro, an owner of a strip club in Racine, WI, who in

1975 was charged with involuntary servitude and slavery. The employees of

Navarro’s club complained that he locked his female dancers in the club at

night  until  the  next  day’s  opening, encouraged  the  women  to  engage  in

prostitution from which he would profit, failed to pay his employees, and

assaulted those who disagreed with his policies.

5. Case 50­22—Minneapolis: This case involves the investigation of

Leonard Crow Dog, against whom James Warren Northrup, Jr., filed complaints of involuntary servitude and slavery. In 1973, Northrup was arrested  at Wounded  Knee  in  Pine  Ridge, SD, by American  Indian  Movement

officials, who thought he was a spy. Northrup stated that he was released

into the custody of Crow Dog, who forced him to work and assist in religious ceremonies.

6. Case  50­161—Charlotte: This  case  pertains  to  the  investigation  of

Andrew  Roberts, a  crew  leader  with  Billy  Barbour’s  farm  labor  camp  in

Benson, NC. In  1975, complaints  were  brought  against  Roberts  for  mistreating  workers, not  paying  workers  at  the  agreed­upon  time, forcing

female workers to perform sexual acts with laborers, threatening laborers

with guns, and selling drugs and alcohol.

II.93 Classification 50—Headquarters Case Files Pertaining to

Investigations of Involuntary Servitude and Slavery, 1937–1975

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 27

Boxes 1–50 [NN3­065­01­007]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 50 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

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II.94 Classification 50—Index to Headquarters Case Files and Microfilm

of Headquarters  Case  Files  Pertaining  to  Investigations  of Involuntary

Servitude and Slavery, 1921–1950

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 37 and 37A

Boxes A–M [NN3­065­02­003]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 50 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: These indexes and case files are currently restricted and

must  be  requested  under  the  FOIA. For  instructions  on  how  to  make  a

request, see paragraph II.81 of this guide.

II.95 Classification 88—Unlawful Flight to Avoid Prosecution,

1938–1952 (4.15 ft.)

In 1934, the FBI was given primary responsibility for investigating cases of

unlawful flight involving murder, kidnapping, burglary, rape, assault with a

deadly weapon, and threats of violence. Cases involving these matters were

filed under this classification. In the 1960s, the Bureau expanded the classification to include all state felony crimes and crimes committed under the

Civil Rights Act.

II.96 Classification 88—Index to Headquarters Case Files, 1938–1952

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 110 

Box 1 [NN3­065­079­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 88 and thereunder alphabetically by last name of subject.

Scope and Content: This index provides the names of those persons who

were  the  subject  of the  investigation  and  any  information  about  them,

including aliases, city and state of residence, and relevant dates. The index

also provides the corresponding case file numbers.

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II.97 Classification 88—Headquarters and Field Office Case Files,

1938–1952

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 109

Boxes 1–8 [NN3­065­097­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 88 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: The records under this entry cover investigations conducted  by  headquarters  and  field  offices  into  cases  of unlawful  flight  to

avoid  prosecution. The  records  consist  of microfilm  copies  and  include:

telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper clippings, transcribed interview statements from witnesses and other persons, photographs, and other

correspondence. The subject of the cases mainly include crimes of burglary, murder, and rape and the criminals’ actions in avoiding prosecution for

these  crimes  or  evasion  of testimony  in  these  crimes. Some  examples

include:

1. Case  88­519: This  case  pertains  to  the  investigation  of three  fugitives,

David Cross, Paul Cross, and Lester Corey—who were wanted on armed

robbery and assault with intent to kill two state patrolmen in Grove City,

PA, in 1938. These men were also being sought on several bank robberies in

Ohio and Vermont. The men fled to Kentucky to avoid being apprehended.

2. Case  88­726: This  case  pertains  to  a  1939  investigation  to  apprehend

John  Henry  Howland, who  was  wanted  for  the  murder  of a  61­year­old

woman in New Hampshire, a murder he carried out in the presence of a 15­

year­old girl, whom he forced to accompany him when he fled authorities.

He was caught weeks later in Corpus Christi, TX.

3. Case 88­1220: This case pertains to a man who fled to avoid prosecution

after raping a Richmond, VA, school teacher in 1940.

4. Case  88­1269 This  case  pertains  to  Odell Walker, who  was  wanted  for

murder  in  Virginia  in  1940. After  fleeing  Virginia, he  was  apprehended,

found guilty of murder, and sentenced to electrocution.

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II.98 Classification 157—Civil Unrest 1957–1978 (205.188 ft.)

The Bureau established this classification on January 23, 1959, and initially

called  it “Racial  Matters/Bombing  Matters.” Case  files  relate  to  investigations of Ku Klux Klan­type organizations, hate organizations, and associated individuals. The bombing matter cases involve the bombing of a religious or educational facility or a bombing or attempted bombing having

apparent  racial  or  religious  aspects. They  do  not  pertain  to  cases  about

threats  to  bomb. During  the  1960s, after  the  assassination  of President

Kennedy, the Bureau began to include investigations of the American Nazi

Party, anti­Semitic and other hate groups, and attacks on civil rights workers  in  this  classification. Information  during  the  period  October  12,

1958–January  30, 1960, concerned  3,080  bomb  threats. The  FBI  has  not

transferred the indexes to this classification.

II.99 Classification 157—Headquarters Case Files, 1957–1978

Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 1 

Boxes 201–318, including “A” boxes [NN3­065­04­025]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 157 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 1A 

Boxes: 220–304 [NN3­065­04­025]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 157 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: This entry consists of headquarters case files that relate

to investigations into groups and/or events that had the potential to ignite

civil unrest. The records include telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper clippings, witness statements, and supplemental correspondence. Many

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of the records concern surveillance of groups considered “agitator” groups

by the FBI, such as the Ku Klux Klan and various black civil rights groups

that formed in the 1960s. Some examples include:

1. Case 157­17437: This case pertains to FBI ongoing monitoring of Black

Panther Party activities. This case looks specifically at the launching of the

Black Panther Party in Dayton, OH.

2. Case  157­17355: This  case  involves  further  investigation  of the  Black

Panther Party, particularly surveillance of the Black Panthers and the Black

Coalition, also  known  as  Black Action  Council  for  United  Progress. This

case investigates confrontations between Black Coalition members and the

police  in  Champaign­Urbana, IL, sparked  by  a  fatal  shooting  of a  black

male by police in April 1970. The case also reveals how one of the Black

Coalition’s leaders became an FBI informant following fallouts with other

founding members.

3. Case 157­22874: This 1971 case investigates racial tensions in Marianna,

AR, during  a  boycott  of white  merchants  by  black  citizens  who  were

demanding  more  employment  for  blacks  in  business  establishments, city

government, the police department, and schools. The boycotters consisted

mainly of black junior and senior high school students.

4. Case  157­14792: This  case  concerns  an  incident  in  Pittsburgh, PA, in

1969, in which 300 to 400 demonstrators succeeded in halting construction

work  at  several  sites  in  the  area, demanding  that  blacks  be  accepted  for

training in construction trades and employment through unions.

Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 11A

Boxes 332–459 [NN3­065­05­009]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 157 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  records  consist  of headquarters  case  files  that

relate to investigations into groups and/or events that had the potential to

ignite civil unrest. The records include telegrams, memorandums, letters,

newspaper  clippings, witness  statements, and  supplemental  correspondence. Many of the records concern surveillance of groups considered “agi79
 
   

   

   

   

               

       

   

tator” groups by the FBI, such as the Ku Klux Klan and various black civil

rights groups that formed in the 1960s. Some examples include:

5. Case 157­14741: This case pertains to surveillance of the Black Panther

Party in 1973 in the New Orleans area, as well as the organization Republic

of New Africa, another group considered “extremist” by the FBI.

6. Case 157­2680: This case pertains to surveillance of the Ku Klux Klan

(KKK) throughout Louisiana and some parts of Mississippi and includes a

look  at  rallies, meetings, and  those  persons  in  attendance, as  well  as  the

organization’s office elections. Former KKK member and Louisiana politician David Duke appears in these files.

Finding Aid: UD­04D

MLR Entries 23 and 24

Boxes 1–200, including “A” boxes [NN3­065­04­024]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 157 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  records  consist  of headquarters  case  files  that

relate to investigations into groups and/or events that had the potential to

ignite civil unrest. The records include telegrams, memorandums, letters,

newspaper  clippings, witness  statements, and  supplemental  correspondence. Many of the records concern surveillance of groups considered “agitator” groups by the FBI, such as the Ku Klux Klan and various black civil

rights groups that formed in the 1960s. The records further include intelligence  covering  race­sensitive  events, such  as  the  desegregation  of public

schools across the South. Examples are included below:

7. Case 157­30: This case pertains to an investigation of Carl Leslie Boyette,

who was being investigated in 1962 for his involvement in a shooting at an

NAACP official’s home in Tampa, FL, and his intention to bomb the home

of an NAACP attorney. Boyette maintained affiliations with the

Amalgamated Gun Club of Florida, Inc., in Tampa, which was also under

FBI surveillance.

8. Case 157­Section 1­Serials 1–50: These files pertain to FBI surveillance

for possible eruptions of civil unrest as a result of the integration of public

schools in Chattanooga, TN, in the early 1960s.

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9. Case 157­Section 1­Serials 1–19: These files pertain to FBI surveillance

for possible eruptions of civil unrest as a result of the integration of public

schools in New Orleans, LA, in the early 1960s.

10. Case 157­1022: This case pertains to the investigation of a black civil

rights group, UHURU, which was formed in the 1960s to fight for equal

rights and primarily consisted of Wayne State University students. The case

includes  surveillance  of UHURU  during  its  protest  against  the  Detroit

Police Department in 1963 after a questionable shooting of a black prostitute by the police.

II.100 Classification  157—Headquarters  and  New  Orleans  Field  Office

Case Files, 1957–1978

Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 11

Boxes 319–460 [NN3­065­05­009]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 157 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

II.101 Classification 157—FBI Field Office Case Files Pertaining to

Investigations of Civil Unrest and Disturbances (Racial Matters),

1957–1978

Finding Aid: UD­05D 

MLR Entry 17

Boxes 461–620, with gaps [NN3­065­05­016]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 157 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

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Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 17A

Boxes 464–610 [NN3­065­05­016]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 157 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  records  consist  of headquarters  case  files  that

relate to investigations into groups and/or events that had the potential to

ignite civil unrest. The records include telegrams, memorandums, letters,

newspaper  clippings, witness  statements, and  supplemental  correspondence. Many of the records concern surveillance of the Ku Klux Klan, considered an “agitator” organization by the FBI. An example is:

Case  157­56  –Albuquerque: This  case  pertains  to  Bureau  surveillance  in

New Mexico following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., in April

1968. The file shows that the Bureau was monitoring any signs of potential

riotous outbreaks in New Mexico in response to the assassination.

II.102 Classification 173—Civil Rights Act of 1964 (286.09 ft.)

This classification was established in 1964 for investigations of violations

under the Civil Rights Act of that year. Congress passed this legislation after

President  Lyndon  Johnson  addressed  a  joint  session  of Congress  on

November 23, 1963, and called for them “to write the next chapter of equal

rights and to write it in the book of law.” Prior to the passage of this act the

FBI took the position that protection of civil rights was a local function, not

a Federal one. The Bureau’s work under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 focused

on discrimination in public accommodations, public facilities, public education, and  employment. In  1972, Congress  amended  the  act  to  prohibit

discrimination  on  the  basis  of sex  in  public  educational  institutions. In

1977, classification 173 was divided into subgroup arrangements of 173A—

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Preliminary Investigations; 173B—Civil Rights Act

of 1964—Extended, Pattern or Practice Investigations; 173C—Civil Rights

Act of 1964—Interference Cases; and 173D—Civil Rights Act of 1964—All

Other Matters. Cases filed under this classification relate to sex discrimination, racially motivated bomb threats, and racial and religious discrimination by restaurants and other public accommodations, as well as segregation in local jails.

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II.103 Classification 173—Headquarters Case Files, 1964–1978

Finding Aid: UD­04D

MLR Entry 4

Boxes 1–80 [NN3­065­04­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 173 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: See description for UD­04D, MLR Entry 6, below.

Finding Aid: UD­04D

MLR Entry 6

Boxes 81–160 [NN3­065­04­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 173 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: The content of these two entries concerns discrimination  in  public  accommodations, public  facilities, public  education, and

employment. The  materials  include  telegrams, memorandums, letters,

newspaper clippings, transcribed interview statements from witnesses and

victims, photographs, and supplemental correspondence. The records

reveal  the  FBI’s  attempts  to  enforce  the  measures  of the  Civil  Rights Act

immediately following its implementation and display, in some instances,

state and local officials’ efforts to undermine the act. Some examples are:

1. Case  173­564: This  case  pertains  to  a  suit  filed  by  the  Department  of

Justice against city officials of Greenwood, MS, in 1964, due to the fact that

these officials were interfering with a local theater’s adherence to the Civil

Rights Act. The  city  purposefully  failed  to  provide  protection  to  persons

attending  the  newly  integrated  Leflore  Theater, around  which  crowds  of

anti­integration onlookers gathered, making it difficult for patrons to move

in and out of the theater.

2. Case 173­1055: This case pertains to a 1964 investigation into a refusal of

service case in Thomson, GA. Four black youth were denied service by two

restaurants, one  of which  was  a  Burger  King, and  a  local  movie  house.

Following this incident, two men involved were fired from their jobs.

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3. Case 173­1461: This case concerns the integration of the Houston, TX,

Independent School District, prompted by NAACP resolutions in 1965 to

speed up the process of integration in the district, which was only proceeding with integration on a “grade­a­year” plan.

4. Case  173­5420: This  file  refers  to  an  investigation  into  discriminatory

practices in employment at the Standard Brands Company in 1968.

Finding Aid: UD­04D

MLR Entry 19

Boxes 161–280 [NN3­065­04­020]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 173 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: The content of these two entries documents violations

relating to discrimination in public accommodations, public facilities, public education, and employment. The materials include telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper  clippings, transcribed  interview  statements

from  witnesses  and  victims, photographs, and  supplemental  correspondence. The records reveal the FBI’s attempts to enforce the measures of the

Civil Rights Act immediately following its implementation and further display, in some instances, state and local officials’ efforts to undermine the

act. Some examples are:

5. Case 173­5683: This case refers to an investigation of the Redwood Motel

and  Restaurant  in  Leesville, LA, where  in  1968  government  employee

Clarence M. Gilliam was refused service due to skin color.

6. Case  173­5696: This  case  involves  the  Justice  Department’s  efforts  in

1971 to force building and construction trade unions in New York to adhere

to the 1964 Civil Rights Act with respect to employment to allow blacks into

their organizations, opening up opportunities for higher wages for them.

7. Case 173­8956: This file pertains to a 1972 investigation of the Avon Park

Correctional Institution in Avon Park, FL, where M. C. Sands accused institution officials of wrongfully terminating his study program and denying

him furloughs and work releases due to his race.

8. Case 173­9905: This case involves discriminatory practices at a state hos84
 
   

   

   

   

   

pital in Rusk, TX, where in 1974 victims claimed they were being denied

their Constitutional right to adequate care and treatment of their conditions due to race.

II.104  Classification  173—Headquarters  and  Field  Office  Case  Files,

1964–1978

Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 2

Boxes 281–320 [NN3­065­04­026]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 173 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: The content of this entry concerns discrimination in

public  accommodations, public  facilities, public  education, and  employment. The materials include telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper

clippings, transcribed  interview  statements  from  witnesses  and  victims,

photographs, and  supplemental  correspondence. The  records  reveal  the

FBI’s  attempts  to  investigate  violations  of the  Civil  Rights  Act  of 1964

immediately following its implementation. This particular entry primarily

focuses on discrimination in public accommodations.

II.105 Classification 173—Field Office Case Files, 1964–1978

Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 3

Boxes 321–424 [NN3­065­05­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 173 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: The content of this entry concerns discrimination in

public  accommodations, public  facilities, public  education, and  employment. The materials include telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper

clippings, transcribed  interview  statements  from  witnesses  and  victims,

photographs, and  supplemental  correspondence. The  records  reveal  the

FBI’s attempts to investigate the execution of measures of the Civil Rights

Act of 1964 immediately following its implementation. Many of the files in

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this entry cover employment discrimination, in addition to school integration and Ku Klux Klan activity. Some examples include:

1. Case 173­149—Indianapolis: This case pertains to a woman in

Indianapolis, IN, who  complained  that  she  was  a  victim  of employment

discrimination when she was refused an application for employment in a

librarian position at an all female school in Indianapolis in 1973.

2. Case 173­150—Indianapolis: This case pertains to a female employee at

the Clevepak Corporation in Eaton, IN, who in 1973 complained that she was

being denied certain facilities because she was a woman. She also stated that

she was not allowed the same smoking liberties as allowed to male employees.

3. Case 173­123—Indianapolis: This case involves complaints in 1972 by

prisoners at the Marion County Jail in Indianapolis, IN, who claimed that

the prison maintained segregated facilities for its inmates.

Finding Aid: UD­05D

MLR Entry 12

Boxes 425–30 [NN3­065­05­010]

Loc: NAII 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification code 173 and thereunder

numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: The content of this entry concerns discrimination in

public  accommodations, public  facilities, public  education, and  employment. The materials include telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper

clippings, transcribed  interview  statements  from  witnesses  and  victims,

photographs, and  supplemental  correspondence. The  records  reveal  the

FBI’s  attempts  to  investigate  violations  of the  Civil  Rights  Act  of 1964

immediately  following  its  implementation. This  particular  entry  deals

heavily with the desegregation of Florida schools in the early 1970s and the

incidents arising from it.

II.106 Classification 176—Anti­Riot Laws 1972–87 (404.67ft.)

This classification was established in 1968 by the Bureau for its investigations  of violations  connected  with  the  anti­riot  provisions  of the  Civil

Rights Act of 1968. The act made it illegal for individuals to cross national

or state boundaries in order to participate in any civil disorder and for any86
 
     

         

one or any group to teach or demonstrate the use of firearms, explosives, or

incendiary devices in order to incite civil disorder.

II.107 Classification 176—Headquarters Case Files

Finding Aid: UD­UP 

MLR Entry 26

Boxes 217–306 [NN3­065­00­020]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 176 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

Finding Aid: UD­UP 

MLR Entry 25­A

Boxes 579A–B [NN3­65­01­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 176 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

II.108 Classification 176—Headquarters and Field Office Case Files

(223.03 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­ A1
 

MLR Entry 104 (1968–71)
 

Boxes 1–216 [NN3­065­97­003]
 

Index Boxes 1–16
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Indexes for headquarters case files are arranged alphabetically by last name or group name.Indexes for field office case files are arranged
 

alphabetically by city name and thereunder alphabetically by last name or
 

group name.
 

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Index Scope and Content: Headquarters and Field Office Indexes provide

name of person under investigation, address, birth date, other supplemental information available pertaining to the case, as well as the case file number. Some cards only provide the person or group name and the corresponding case file number.

Arrangement: The case files are arranged by subject classification number

176 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: The case files consist of headquarters and field office

files  on  individuals  and  organizations  that  have  violated  anti­riot  laws,

those  who  are  attempting  to  violate  anti­riot  laws, or  those  persons  or

events that have the potential to violate anti­riot laws. The materials include

telegrams, memorandums, letters, newspaper clippings, transcribed interview  statements  from  witnesses, photographs, and  supplemental  correspondence. Many  of the  files  cover  surveillance  of anti­Vietnam  War

groups and events and of black civil rights organizations. Several files refer

to political protest incidents surrounding the Democratic National

Convention of 1968 in Chicago, and a survey of the actions of political and

civil  rights  groups, such  as  the  Students  for  a  Democratic  Society, the

Weathermen, the Black Panther Party, and the Student Nonviolent

Coordinating Committee is included. Some examples are:

1. Case 176­21: This file pertains to an investigation into a partially riotous

situation that occurred in Harvey, IL, in 1968. Two hundred people gathered to protest a coroner’s inquest verdict of justifiable homicide for a case

in which a black male was shot and killed by Harvey police. The protest

resulted in the wounding of several police and civilians.

2. Case 176­1325: This file covers FBI continued surveillance of the Black

Panther  Party. Specifically, this  case  includes  surveillance  of the  Boston

chapter and the arms defense training that chapter was conducting.

3. Case  176­1584: This  file  pertains  to  an  investigation  of two  men  who

were traveling to Cleveland to protest the conviction of Ahmed Evans, who

was found guilty in connection with the killing of three policemen during

the Glenville riots that occurred in Cleveland in 1968.

4. Case 176­61: This file refers to an investigation into a book that was written  following  the  Washington  riots  of 1968, which  were  sparked  by  the

murder  of Martin  Luther  King, Jr. In  chapter  10  of this  publication, Ten

88
 
     

Blocks  from  the White  House: Anatomy  of the Washington  Riots  of 1968, a
 

Washington  Post reporter  interviews  people  who  claimed  that  they  had
 

committed arson during the riots.
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP 

MLR Entry 17 (1970–87)
 

Boxes 307–436 [NN3­065­01­003]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 176 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).
 

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be
 

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see
 

paragraph II.81 of this guide.
 

II.109 Classification 176—Field Office Case Files and Index, 1972–1975

Finding Aid: UD­UP 

MLR Entry 25 

Boxes A–525 [NN3­065­01­006]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Scope and Content: These case files and index are currently restricted and
 

must  be  requested  under  the  FOIA. For  instructions  on  how  to  make  a
 

request, see paragraph II.81 of this guide.
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP
 

MLR Entry 142 (Seattle Field Office)
 

Boxes 673–78 [NN3­065­02­028]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 176 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).
 

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be
 

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see
 

paragraph II.81 of this guide.
 

Finding Aid: UD­UP
 

MLR Entry 146 (Pittsburgh, Salt Lake, Seattle, and Washington Field
 

Offices)
 

89
 
   

   

Boxes 679–700 [NN3­065­03­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject classification number 176 and thereunder numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope  and  Content: These  case  files  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

II.110 Index to FBI Annual Reports, 1921–51 (0.22 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 37B 

Box 1 [NN3­65­87­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: Cards include information about the geographic location of the subject; they indicate the fiscal or calendar year of the referenced

annual report and identify interesting cases, listing the case file numbers.

Currently, these  indexes  are  restricted  and  must  be  requested  under  the

FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see paragraph II.81 of

this guide.

II.111 FBI Annual Reports, 1921–51 (11.38 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 38H

Boxes 1–26 [NN3­65­90­2, NN3­65­87­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  by  subject  classification  number  and  thereunder

numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope and Content: Annual reports present key information such as annual statistics on personnel and appropriations and accomplishments of the

Bureau in areas of civil rights. Records consist of case files culled from subject  classification  62—Administrative  Inquiry  and  subject  classification

66— Administrative Matters. Case files contain weekly reports of completed investigative activity in closed cases. The closed cases enumerate by class

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the number of fugitives apprehended, and with detainers filed against, or

prosecuted, and  the  results  appear  in  communications  from  J. Edgar

Hoover  to  the  Attorney  General. These  records  document  the  statistical

performance of the Bureau in civil rights investigations and describe “interesting cases,” such as this summary of the Ivory Seals case (44­795):

In  1943, the  Federal  Bureau  of Investigation  received  several  complaints

alleging that Ivory Seals, the local marshal at Batesville, Mississippi, was terrorizing blacks in that vicinity by picking them up on minor charges, having  them  fined  without  a  trial; or, in  lieu  of a  fine, they  were  whipped.

According to the individuals complaining to the FBI, Marshal Seals was pursuing his policy of terrorizing blacks in order to control them. One complainant, however, stated that the marshal’s policy, besides being brutal

towards the negroes, was causing the local colored population to move out of

that locality, and therefore, the local labor situation was becoming difficult.

Upon a request from the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice,

the  FBI  conducted  an  investigation  and  determined  that  the  complaints

received  were  substantially  correct. A  number  of blacks, who  had  been

arrested  and  beaten  with  apparently  little  provocation, were  interviewed.

Most  of those  arrested  were  not  given  a  trial  and  many  were  fined. The

amount of the fine was apparently governed by what the traffic would bear.

As a result of the investigation the U.S. Attorney in the Northern District of

Mississippi  charged  that  Marshal  Seals  had  deprived  blacks  of their  civil

rights in that he whipped, beat or assaulted them without placing a legal

charge and thereafter he tried and sentenced them without legal procedure.

On May 20, 1944, Marshal Seals entered a plea of guilty to one of the counts

and  he  was  fined  $100. The  remaining  seven  counts  against  Seals  were

thereafter dismissed.

Many  of the  FBI  Annual  Reports  are  currently  restricted  and  must  be

requested under the FOIA. For instructions on how to make a request, see

paragraph II.81 of this guide.

II.112 Index to Interesting Case Write Ups, 1932–1972 (0.59 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 38

Boxes 1–5 [NN3­65­87­001]

Loc: NAII

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Arrangement: Arranged  alphabetically  by  last  name, group  name, or

description name.

Scope and Content: This index provides a varied amount of information

from the case files and can include the following: name of the person being

investigated for the crime, known aliases, description of the type of crime,

date, and case file number. Some of the cards also provide a synopsis of the

case, as well as the victim’s name, if any. Several of the cards also display a

description name that references some aspect of the case file.

II.113 Interesting Case Write Ups, 1932–1972 (18.76 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 40

Boxes 1–46 [NN3­65­87­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  by  subject  classification  number  and  thereunder

numerically by case file number (with gaps).

Scope andContent:The InterestingCase Program wasinstituted in 1927 to provide the press and public with interesting and factual data concerning the

accomplishments of the Bureau. In the beginning, the cases only involved fingerprint comparisons; however, by 1932 the cases were drawn from a variety of

Bureau classifications.The program eventually became a public relationssource

for FBI personnel in preparing the budget and the annualreport to Congress, as

well as a source for television, radio, and film producers. The records in this

entry consist of case write­ups on various types of cases, whose crimes range in

nature and include examples of the following: espionage, kidnapping, smuggling, mob violence, murder, extortion, mail fraud,sedition, and check forging.

Record Group 134
 

Records of the Interstate Commerce Commission
 

II.114 The  Interstate  Commerce  Act  (24  Stat. 379)  of February  4, 1887,

established the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) as an independent

agency. The  Commission  has  the  responsibility  of regulating  carriers

engaged in transportation in interstate commerce and in foreign commerce

within the United States.

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RECORDS OF THE BUREAU OF ENFORCEMENT

II.115 Investigative  Report  Case  Files  Relating  to  Complaints  of Racial

Discrimination Against Motor Carriers in Interstate Commerce,

1961–1970 (14.61 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1

Boxes 1–29 [NN­374­146]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by case number RD­0 to RD­310

Scope and Content: These records contain discrimination cases filed with the

Bureau of Enforcement between 1961 and 1971. The Bureau was charged

with investigating complaints and enforcing regulations. The files consist of

correspondence, memorandums, reports, opinions, decisions, legal briefs,

photographs, diagrams, and press clippings. The cases grew out of alleged

racial discrimination on buses engaged in interstate commerce and in station

waiting rooms, washrooms, and restaurants. The complaints usually were

made to field representatives of the ICC, some as early as 1958, and were first

investigated by them. All complaints were forwarded to the Bureau of

Enforcement, where the files were maintained. In many instances, the matter

was referred to the Department of Justice for appropriate action.

II.116 Correspondence and Unnumbered Cases Relating to Complaints

of Racial Discrimination against Motor Carriers in Interstate

Commerce, 1961–1969 (0.5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 2

Box 1 [NN­374­146]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically.

Scope and Content: The records consist of correspondence of the Bureau of

Enforcement and its predecessors with its field representatives, local officials, members of Congress, and the Department of Justice and other agencies concerning alleged racial discrimination on buses engaged in interstate

commerce  or  in  their  station  facilities. Some  unnumbered  case  files  are

interspersed among the correspondence.

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Record Group 146
 

Records of the U.S. Civil Service Commission
 

II.117 The Civil Service Act (22 Stat. 403) of January 16, 1883, established

the  Civil  Service  Commission  as  an  independent  agency. It  administered

the  Federal  civil  service  system, including  employee  appeals  of adverse

agency personnel actions. The act authorized the Commission to establish

a  merit  system  under  which  selections  for  Federal  Government  service

appointments would be based on an applicant’s demonstrated relative fitness. It examined applicants for Federal positions; supplied personnel officials with qualified candidates’ names; established standards for reinstating,

promoting, and  transferring  Federal  employees; conducted  investigations

to enforce civil service laws and regulations; studied the administration of

the Federal Government security program; and administered the Veteran

Preference Act of 1944, the Classification Act of 1949, the Voting Rights Act

of 1965, and  the  statutory  provisions  and  civil  service  regulations  that

restricted  Federal  employees’ political  activity. The  Office  of Personnel

Management in 1979 assumed many functions of the Civil Service

Commission.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

II.118 Minority Group Study, 1962 (3.23 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­WW

MLR Entry 1

Boxes 52–54 [NN3­146­000­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by department or agency, thereunder by bureau or

other organizational unit, and thereunder by state or Washington, DC.

Scope  and  Content: Surveys  full­time  Federal  civilian  employment  of

selected minority groups as of 1962. The survey identifies minority group

by grade level and number. Materials include:

1. Box 52

Department of the Interior; Department of Agriculture

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2. Box 53

Department of the Army; Navy Department; Department of State;

Department of the Air Force; Department of Defense

3. Box 54

Veterans Administration; Department of the Navy; Department of Labor;

Department of Health, Education and Welfare; Housing and Home Finance

Agency; American Battle Monuments Commission; U.S. Arms Control and

Disarmament Agency; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; Canal Zone

Government; Panama Canal Company; Board of Governors of the Federal

Reserve System; Civil Aeronautics Board; General Services Administration;

U.S. Civil Service Commission; Commission of Fine Arts; U.S. Commission

on Civil Rights; Delaware River Basin Commission; Export­Import Bank of

Washington; Federal  Aviation  Agency; Farm  Credit  Administration; U.S.

Information Agency; Selective  Service  System; various  agencies, commissions, and boards.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONERS

II.119 Records Relating to the Commission’s Participation in the Voting

Rights Program, 1965–1967 (19.41 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 35

Boxes 1– 45

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged (Unprocessed series).

1. Boxes 1–19 Challenges: Wilcox County, Alabama

Scope and Content: The records consist of docket files of hearings on the

challenge of eligibility of individual voters in counties and the state in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Docket files contain the decisions of

the hearing officer for the cases, certificates of voting eligibility, and notices

of hearings on challenges.

2. Boxes  20–21  Cumulative  Weekly  and  Quarterly  Reports, December  2,

1965, to February 28, 1966

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Scope and Content: Daily and cumulative statistics and reported comments

relating to voter registration in the Voting Rights Program in affected states.

3. Boxes 22–25 Voting Rights Correspondence, December 1965 to

December 1967

Scope  and  Content: Cumulative  voting  percentage  by  state, county, and

race; form letters from state supervisors of the Voting Rights Program certifying voter eligibility.

4. Boxes  26–28  State  Headquarters  Daily  Reports, August  10, 1965, to

November 11, 1965

Scope and Content: Statistical compilation of applicants, reviews, and challenges of the Voting Rights Program arranged by date, state, and county.

5. Boxes 29–35 Memoranda—Space and Federal Work Statistics for Use in

Voting Rights

Scope and Content: Memorandums related to the number of Federal establishments with 50 or more employees, 1965; statistical estimate of counties

voting less than 50 percent arranged by state, county, and race, 1965; correspondence  of U.S. Regional  Directors  related  to  implementation  of the

Voting  Rights  Act  of 1965; compilation  of data  related  to  the  workload,

space, and  size  of Federal  workforces  of 50  or  more  employees  in  states

affected by the Voting Rights Act, 1964–65.

6. Box  36  Report  on  Challenge  Activity  and  Voting  Registration  for  the

District of Columbia, 1966

Scope and Content: Memorandums related to the challenges of voter eligibility under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 1965– 66; monthly reports of

challenge activity by state, 1965–66.

Record Group 174
 

General Records of the Department of Labor
 

II.120 The Department of Labor (DOL) was created by the Act of March 4,

1913 (29 U.S.C. 551). A Bureau of Labor was created by Congress in 1884

under the Interior Department. The Bureau of Labor later became inde96
   

   

           

   

             

pendent  as  a  Department  of Labor  without  executive  rank. It  again

returned  to  bureau  status  in  the  Department  of Commerce  and  Labor,

which was created by the Act of February 14, 1903 (15 U.S.C. 1501). In carrying  out  this  mission, the  Department  administers  a  variety  of Federal

labor laws guaranteeing workers’ rights to safe and healthful working conditions, a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay, freedom from employment  discrimination, unemployment  insurance, and  workers’ compensation. The  Department  also  protects  workers’ pension  rights; provides  for

job  training  programs; helps  workers  find  jobs; works  to  strengthen  free

collective  bargaining; and  keeps  track  of changes  in  employment, prices,

and other national economic measurements. As the Department seeks to

assist all Americans who need and want to work, special efforts are made to

meet the unique market problems of older workers, youths, minority group

members and women, the handicapped, and other groups.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

II.121 The Secretary of Labor is the principal adviser to the President on

the  development  and  execution  of policies  and  the  administration  and

enforcement of laws relating to wage earners, their working conditions, and

their employment opportunities. The purpose of the Department of Labor

is  to  foster, promote, and  develop  the  welfare  of the  wage  earners  of the

United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their

opportunities for profitable employment.

II.122 Secretary Frances Perkins, General Subject File, 1933–1944

(0.25 in.)

Finding Aid: NC­58

MLR Entry 20

Box 154

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

File: “Negro”

Scope and Content: This file consists of a small quantity of letters received

by Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins about equal employment opportuni97
 
             

                 

   

       

   

   

ties  for  Negroes  during  World  War  II. She  received  letters  from  the

President’s Committee on Fair Employment Practice, the Emergency

Advisory Council for Negroes (affiliated with the National Urban League),

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, and the National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). These correspondents requested that Negroes be appointed to serve on the War Labor Board, to work in

defense industries, or to serve in the military. The file does not include any

responses from Secretary Perkins.

II.123  Records  of Secretary  of Labor  Arthur  J. Goldberg, 1961–1962

(1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 1

Boxes 43–45 [NN­365­67]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Files: Committee  1961: President’s  Committee  for  Equal  Employment

Opportunities—Subcommittee on Civil Rights

Scope and Content: This series contains the files that Secretary Goldberg

created or maintained as the vice chairman of President John F. Kennedy’s

Committee for Equal Employment Opportunities. Vice President Lyndon

B. Johnson was the chairman of this committee which was established by

Executive Order 10925 of March 6, 1961 (26 F.R. 1977), to “promote and

ensure equal opportunity for all qualified persons, without regard to race,

creed, color, or national origin, employed or seeking employment with the

Federal government and on government contracts.” The files contain minutes of committee meetings, references to President Kennedy’s “Plans for

Progress” agreements with major Government contractors to increase their

employment numbers for Negroes, press releases, pamphlets, newsletters,

and weekly activity reports that document the work of the Committee and

its  various  subcommittees  in  an  effort  to  improve  minority  employment

numbers. These records include Goldberg’s responses to congressional correspondence about the work of the Committee; employment discrimination  complaints  from  Negroes  working  at  such  as  places  as  the  St. Louis

Engineer  Supply  Control  office  in  Missouri  and  the  Thompson­RamoWoolridge plant in Ohio, and replies to letters from Federal agency officials,

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businessmen, labor union officials, and the general public. Included also are

policy guidance provided to employment officers of the Federal

Government, a copy of a form devised by the Committee for use by persons

who wished to file discrimination complaints in Federal employment matters, and the report “Sample Study of Employment in Grades 5 through 18”

prepared by the subcommittee on government employment. The files also

contain Goldberg’s records that were generated by his work on the

President’s Advisory Committee on Labor­Management Policy which was

set up to encourage a healthy national economy by establishing sound wage

policies and price stability.

II.124 Records of Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, 1962–1969

(5 ft. 10 in.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 2

Boxes 97; 112–13; 153–54; 236; 239–40; 245–47; 341; 620; 637. [NN­370­

108]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject and thereunder chronologically by year.

Files: Summary Plans and Reports (EEO Personnel Actions)—President’s

Committee on Labor­Management Policy

Scope and Content: This series contains a portion of the files that Secretary

Wirtz  created  or  maintained  as  the  Vice  Chairman  of the  President’s

Committee  for  Equal  Employment  Opportunities  (PCEEO). The  records

consist of responses to correspondence about the activities of the

Committee  from  members  of Congress, Federal  agencies, or  civic, labor,

and  professional  organizations. There  are  also  copies  of statements  or

speeches  given  by  Wirtz  before  subcommittees  of the  U.S. Senate  and

House of Representatives concerning the status of Federal or private sector

equal employment opportunities for Negroes and the causes or problems of

their  unemployment  and  testimony  given  about  congressional  amendments or bills such as the Manpower Development and Training Act and

the Interstate Public Accommodations Act of 1963. The files also contain

copies of Wirtz’s address before the White House Civil Rights Conference

(November  17, 1963); speeches  given  before  various  annual  conferences,

such as the 1963 NAACP national conference on Negro employment and

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the Washington Urban League’s “equal opportunity day”; and proceedings

of a Tuskegee Institute jointly­sponsored conference “Enhancing the

Occupational Outlook and Vocational Aspirations of Southern Secondary

Youths.”Also included are references to creating equal employment opportunities  within  all  Department  of Labor  components, DOL’s  role  in  the

Federal Voting Assistance Program to maintain and utilize voting materials

for military absentee voters, enforcement of the Fair Labor Standards Act,

and other classification and wage administration matters.

II.125 Records of Secretary of Labor George P. Schultz, 1969–1970 (3 ft.

4 in.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 3

Boxes 53; 68–70; 123; 174–75; 209–10 [NN­372­171]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Commission: Construction Industry—Fair Labor Standards

Scope and Content: The records were created or maintained by George P.

Schultz, who served as Labor Secretary under President Richard M. Nixon.

These files contain responses to correspondence from members of Congress,

private sector business leaders, and other Federal agencies about equal

employment opportunity (EEO) contract compliance matters or other

issues within DOL’s mandated responsibilities. Subjects include employment discrimination complaints,references to the activities of the U.S. Equal

Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and material about the

original and revised “Philadelphia Plan” for how minorities would be able to

compete equitably for construction industry jobs when many persons or

groups opposed them. Also contained in the files are copies of Schultz’s

statements before the Senate Subcommittee on Labor to further promote

equal employment opportunities for all American workers, as well as material pertaining to his service as Vice Chairman of the President’s Cabinet

Committee on School Desegregation—established in February 1970 to recommend a plan for students to receive a quality education during the desegregation of public schools. The files contain a memo that Schultz received—

“The State of the Law Regarding Southern School Desegregation”—that

summarizes Supreme Court decisions in Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board

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of Education (Brown I and II), Sweatt v. Painter, and Griffin v. County School

Board of Prince Edward County. There are also some briefing papers such as

“Title  IV  Experience  in  the  Desegregation  Process,” “On  Equality  of

Educational Opportunity” (edited by Frederick Mosteller and Daniel P.

Moynihan), and “Position of Judge Haysworth in Civil Rights Cases.” There

is also a memorandum describing the outcome of a lecture series at

Georgetown University (March 5, 1969) during which Ralph Abernathy

announced plans for an event to commemorate the assassination of Dr.

Martin L. King, Jr. There are also some 8­ by 10­inch (black and white) photographs depicting scenes from the riots in Washington, DC; Detroit, MI;

Baltimore, MD; Los Angeles, CA; Chicago, IL; Boston, MA; Pittsburgh, PA;

and Kansas City, MO, following King’s assassination on April 4, 1968.

II.126  Records  of the  Executive  Assistant  to  the  Secretary  of Labor,

Stephen H. Shulman, 1961–1962 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 16

Boxes 43–45 [NN­365­67]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Pres[ident’s]  Com[mittee  for]  EEO­Staff Meetings—Procurement

Labor Relations

Scope  and  Content: These  records  were  maintained  by  Shulman  in  his

capacity as the Executive Assistant to Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg.

They consist of copies of memorandums, activity reports, minutes of meetings, and other documents relating to the President’s Committee for Equal

Employment  Opportunities  (PCEEO)  and  the  Advisory  Committee  on

Labor­Management Policy on which Secretary of Labor Goldberg served.

The files contain references to a “Plans for Progress” agreement that various

Federal  Government  contractors  and  companies  signed  to  increase  the

overall employment of Negroes; a copy of a progress report prepared by a

special consultant to the PCEEO; a self­analysis questionnaire that companies  were  asked  to  complete; a  chart  prepared  by  the  Census  Bureau,

“Population  (Total  and  Negro)  of the  25  Largest  Metropolitan  Areas,

1910–1960”; and a copy of a working paper, “Management Problems and

Government Procurement Policy.”

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II.127  Records  of the  Special  Assistant  and  Executive  Assistant  to  the

Secretary, John C. Donovan, 1961–1964 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 17

Box 8 [NN­371­20]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: PCEEO Miscellaneous—President’s Committee on Handicapped

Scope and Content: These miscellaneous files were maintained by Donovan

during his service to Secretaries of Labor Arthur Goldberg and W. Willard

Wirtz. The records consist of copies of press releases and activity reports of

the PCEEO (plans for progress initiative); responses to letters from college

administrators and religious leaders about equal employment opportunities for Negroes; and “Relationship with the Maryland Employment

Service,” a report about the Negro community’s belief that they were being

discriminated  against  when  referred  for  farm  labor, cannery, or  garment

industry jobs in Cambridge, MD. Included also are investigations of EEO

complaints; a  questionnaire  designed  to  obtain  statistical  information

about the racial composition of local labor unions; a news release announcing the creation of a task force to inspect Federal construction for adherence to EEO regulations; and a report analyzing the structure and operations  of the  PCEEO  submitted  by  Theodore  W. Kneel  to  Vice  President

Johnson.

II.128  Records  of the  Special  Assistant  to  the  Secretary  of Labor  for

Economic Affairs, Seymour L. Wolfbein, 1962–1967 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 22

Box 8 [NN­369­124]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Equal Opportunity—Balance of Payments

Scope  and  Content: These  miscellaneous  records  were  created  or  maintained by Wolfbein,who served in this capacity under Secretary of Labor W.

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Willard  Wirtz. They  contain  a  status  report  about  the  Summer  Jobs

Program on Equal Employment Opportunity; copies of presentations given

by  Wolfbein, such  as “How  to  Make  the  Next  Generation  Employable”;

DOL’s responsibilities under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; and

proceedings of the 1964 international manpower seminar.

II.129 Records of the Special Consultant to the Secretary of Labor, India

Edwards, 1961–1964 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 29

Box 1 [NN­370­171]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Women’s Bureau Meeting—President’s Committee on Youth

Employment (PCYE) Reports

Scope and Content: The miscellaneous records were created or maintained

by India Edwards, who served as a special consultant on youth employment to Secretaries of Labor Arthur Goldberg and W. Willard Wirtz. These

files pertain mostly to the work of the PCYE, created by President John F.

Kennedy (November 15, 1961) to confront the problems of American (particularly minority) youths seeking employment opportunities and to make

recommendations about improvements through the use of apprenticeships

and training programs. There are copies of the proceedings of meetings,

working papers, summary reports of the PCYE, and copies of reports such

as “Challenges of Jobless Youth—One Year Later” and “Some of the Many

Voluntary Programs to Aid Potential or Actual Dropouts.” Some of the work

activities of a few DOL components are highlighted in the files of organizations such as the Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training (BAT) and the

Office of Manpower, Automation and Training (OMAT).

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR

II.130 The Office of the Solicitor was established by the Organic Act of

March 4, 1913, with the creation of the Department of Labor as an entity

distinct and separate from the Department of Commerce and Labor. The act

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provided, however, that the Department of Justice assign the Solicitor of

Labor. Under Executive Order 6166 of June 10, 1933, the Solicitor and staff

became part of the immediate Office of the Secretary of Labor, and they

remained there until June 6, 1940, when by administrative order all departmental personnel employed in legal work and all other necessary personnel

were placed under the Solicitor. The primary function of the Solicitor of

Labor is to advise the Secretary of Labor and other departmental officials on

all legal matters, and, with authority from the Secretary, to exercise final

jurisdiction over tort claims arising from departmental activities. The

Solicitor of Labor is the chief legal officer for the Department of Labor.

II.131 Subject Files Relating to Civil Rights, 1957–1971 (13 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 28

Boxes 1–13 [NN3­174­94­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject or name of litigant.

Scope and Content: This series consists of letters, telegrams, memorandums,

court filings, briefs, motions, decisions, exhibits, reports, interviews, application forms, contracts, copies of legislation, newspaper clippings, articles, and

miscellaneous publications. The subjects covered include anti­discrimination

efforts by the Office of the Special Assistant to the Solicitor for Civil Rights,

who provided legal services to the Manpower Administration and the Office

of Federal Contract Compliance within the Labor Department. Included is

comparative data on how whites and blacks fared in various areas of employment. Legal services rendered were primarily in relation to fair employment

practice provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in programs financed by grants from the Department of Labor.

Among these programs were the Neighborhood Youth Corps, Job Corps, and

employment security agencies in the states funded by Labor. Particular attention was given to assisting the Office of Federal Contract Compliance in its

mandated task of preventing job discrimination on Government contracts.

II.132 Subject Files, 1945–1963 (12 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 29

Boxes 1–12 [NN3­174­94­002]

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Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject, or name, or type of

document.

Scope  and  Content: This  series  includes  official  correspondence, internal

memorandums  and  reports, personnel  lists, labor  legislation  and  comments, labor  related  court  rulings, press  releases, speeches  (particularly

statements made in congressional hearings), newspaper clippings, statistical reports, miscellaneous public and private publications, and labor agreements. These files cover a wide variety of subjects, including delegations of

authority for the Secretary of Labor and other top labor officials (dating

back to 1913); labor legislation; Mexican labor; wage laws; the physically

handicapped  in  the  workplace; race, age, and  sex  discrimination; union

organizers and labor­management relations; DOL personnel matters; security  requirements; Federal  reorganization  plans; employment  of veterans

returning  from  World  War  II; loyalty  programs; statistical  and  narrative

descriptions  of field  operations; internal  changes  and  reforms  in  the

administration  of various  laws  within  the  purview  of the  Solicitor; and

interpretations and opinions on fine points of law.

RECORDS OF THE PRESIDENT’S COMMITTEE ON
 

GOVERNMENT CONTRACT COMPLIANCE (CGCC)
 

II.133 This Committee was a short­lived successor to the Fair Employment

Practices  Committee  of World  War  II. The  CGCC  was  established  by

President  Truman’s  Executive  Order  10308  to  promote  compliance  with

legislation  that  required  nondiscrimination  clauses  in  any  Government

contracts. Unlike the Office of Federal Contract Compliance of the 1960s,

the CGCC did not prosecute cases against individual companies. In 1953

President Eisenhower replaced the Committee with the President’s

Committee on Government Contracts.

II.134 Litigation  Case  Files  Arising  Under  the  Age  Discrimination  Act,

Equal Pay Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act, 1965–1976 (26 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 34

Boxes 1–26 [NN3­174­94­002]

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Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by name of litigant.

Scope  and  Content: The  records  include  pleadings, briefs, transcripts  of

proceedings  or  hearings, court  rulings, judgments, subpoenas, vouchers,

exhibits, memorandums, and  some  internal  correspondence. These  cases

were brought against the defendants in U.S. district courts under the Equal

Pay Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the Age Discrimination Act by

the Department of Labor in response to complaints by private citizens. The

vast majority of the cases involve the issue of equal pay for women doing

the  same  job  as  men. Usually  the  court  decided  in  favor  of the  plaintiff,

placed a restraining order on the employer, and required that back wages be

paid to the female employees. The Solicitor’s Office assisted in the prosecution and acted as the collecting agent for back wages.

II.135 Transcripts of Minutes of Meetings, 1952 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 36

Box 1 [NN3­174­94­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically by date of meeting.

Scope  and  Content: Although  this  Committee  was  not  long­lived  and

accomplished  little, it  was  a  direct  forerunner  of President  Kennedy’s

Committee  on  Equal  Employment  Opportunity  and  foreshadowed  the

efforts  of the  Office  of Federal  Contract  Compliance  of the  1960s. This

series  offers  important  evidential  and  informational  data  on  the  early

Federal efforts to achieve equal opportunity in employment.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES

II.136 The Office of Administrative Law Judges(OALJ) was created in August

1972 from the Office of Hearing Examiners, Office of the Solicitor, by an

order of the Secretary of Labor that transferred the Office of the Hearings

Examiners to the Office of the Under Secretary. The OALJ hears two kinds of

cases. In some cases, it holds hearings and issues decisions. In other cases, the

OALJ only makes recommendations to the Secretary of Labor, the Under

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Secretary or some other Labor Department official, depending on which

office is in the relevant law as the final authority. Administrative law judges

preside over formal hearings to determine violations of the minimum wage

requirements, overtime payments, and health and safety regulations—all of

which are set forth under the Walsh­Healey Public Contract Act, the

McNamara­O’Hara Service Contract Act, the Contract Work Hours

Standards Act, the Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act of 1963, and the

Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. Formal hearings are also

conducted to determine the validity of claims filed under the District of

Columbia’s Workmen’s Compensation Act, the Non Appropriated Funds

Instrumentalities Act, and the Davis­Bacon Act. Hearings are conducted and

decisions issued on claims filed under the Longshoremen’s Harbor Workers’

Compensation Act and under the Black Lung Benefits Reform Act of 1977.

Designated judges also serve as members of the Department of Labor Board

of Contract Appeals and the National Review Panel, the latter being the highest appellate level for hearings and appeals required by the Talmadge

Amendments to the Social Security Act. OALJ also conducts hearings and

renders decisions under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and

certifies aliens in both agricultural and nonagricultural employment.

II.137 Office of Federal Contract Compliance Case Files, 1977 (8 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 43

Boxes 1–8 [NN3­174­94­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically by date of meeting.

Scope  and  Content: This  series  consists  of cases  filed  against  companies

accused of discrimination on the basis of sex or handicapped status. The

files include judgments and motions, transcripts of hearings, exhibits, photographs, videotapes, and other documentation.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF FEDERAL
 

CONTRACT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS
 

II.138 The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) was

established under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Labor by Executive

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Order 11246 of September 4, 1965, which required nondiscrimination and

affirmative  action  in  Government  contracts  and  subcontracts  and  in

Federally assisted construction and prohibited discrimination on the basis

of race, color, religion, sex, or  national  origin. The  OFCCP  coordinated

with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the

Department of Justice on matters relating to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

of 1964 and supervised the compliance activities of 15 Federal contracting

agencies. The  OFCCP’s  authority  was  expanded  by  section  503  of the

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibited discrimination against workers on the basis of physical handicaps, provided that there were jobs that

such persons could reasonably be expected to perform. The OFCCP conducts compliance reviews of all Government contractors and subcontractors to ensure that they are complying with the required affirmative action

programs. Should a company fail to comply, it can be debarred from receiving  any  Government  contracts. Typically, the  company  and  OFCCP  will

agree to an affirmative action program to remedy any problems found and

the  OFCCP  will  conduct  follow­up  reviews  at  regular  intervals. The

OFCCP also receives and investigates complaints of discrimination on the

basis of race, sex, or handicapped status and can prosecute the company

before  an  administrative  law  judge. The  OFCCP  receives  legal  assistance

from the Solicitor’s Office.

II.139 Compliance Review Files, 1965–1985 (39 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 64

Boxes 1–39 [NN3­174­94­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by industry type, thereunder by year, and thereunder alphabetically by name of company.

Scope and Content: Compliance reviews were investigations by the OFCCP

of companies in the construction or supply and service industries that contracted with the Federal Government to determine if they met with Federal

equal opportunity regulations. The reviews could be initiated at the complaint of a company worker or by the OFCCP. If problems were found, the

OFCCP could prosecute the company or negotiate an agreement and make

follow­up investigations to monitor the company’s progress. The files include

correspondence, memorandums, contracts, EEO­1 reports, affirmative

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action programs, standard compliance review reports, conciliation agreements, and other documentation. The companies covered in these reports are

the Bethlehem Steel Company and the Crown Zellerbach Company.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF PROGRAM
 

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
 

II.140 The Office of Program Analysis and Evaluation, established in 1964,

provided top staff of the Department of Labor with a continuing examination  and  evaluation  of all  DOL  programs. It  furnished  comprehensive

information on progress and problems in meeting planned objectives. Its

main purpose was to provide top staff with advice, guidance, and assistance

for  the  most  efficient  and  effective  methods  of allocating  departmental

resources to meet program goals and to assist in the planning of programs

that would conform to departmental resources.

II.141 Reports and Correspondence, 1964–1965 (8 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 65

Boxes 1–8 [NN3­174­94­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject or type of records.

Scope and Content: This series consists of letters, memorandums, reports,

miscellaneous financial data and audit reports,summaries, forecasts, and policy statements dealing with planning and program evaluation throughout the

Labor Department. Primary emphasis is on manpower utilization and training, civil rights enforcement, neighborhood youth programs, and various

approaches to the problems of migratory and foreign agricultural workers.

Record Group 196
 

Records of the Public Housing Administration
 

II.142 The  Public  Housing  Administration  succeeded  the  U.S. Housing

Authority, established to administer the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 (50 Stat.

888). The act authorized a system of loans, grants, and subsidies to assist

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local housing authorities in the development of low rent housing projects

for low income groups. The act provided for a program of locally owned

and operated low rent public housing under local governments, in accordance with state enabling legislation, and established local public housing

authorities  to  develop, own, and  operate  public  housing  projects. Under

Executive Order 9070 of February 24, 1942, the U.S. Housing Authority was

transferred to the Federal Public Housing Authority, formerly the National

Housing  Agency. The  President’s  Reorganization  Plan  No. 3  of 1947  (61

Stat. 954) created a consolidation of the Federal Public Housing Authority

and  the  Housing  and  Home  Finance  Agency  and  redesignated  them  the

Public Housing Administration.

II.143 Records of the Inter­group Relations Branch, 1936–1963 (14.28 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 47

Boxes 1–20 [NC3­196­78­3]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject and thereunder by activity.

Scope  and  Content: The  records  include  directives  and  memorandums

related to the agency’s policies and procedures. Among the records are civil

rights correspondence, statements and policy about race, records regarding

labor based on state activity, and reports and statements of the PHA Deputy

Commissioner. There  are  records  that  document  the  Branch’s  reviews  of

local housing authorities’ policies on the hiring of minorities. The intraagency correspondence consists of reports on sub­Cabinet groups on civil

rights, racial policy, employment, and the Commissioner’s staff meetings.

There  is  also  information  about  court  cases  involving  housing  decisions

that pertain to racially restrictive covenants, copies of restrictive covenants,

and newspaper clippings.

Record Group 207
 

General Records of the Department of Housing
 

and Urban Development
 

II.144 The Department of Housing and Urban Development Act (79 Stat.

667), September  9, 1965, established  the  Department  of Housing  and

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Urban  Development  (HUD). The  Department  of Housing  and  Urban

Development replaced a number of predecessor agencies that were involved

in Federal housing activities. It succeeded the Housing and Home Finance

Agency (HHFA), established in 1947 to coordinate Federal housing activities  and  to  implement  the  Housing Act  of 1949. In  1942  the  HHFA  had

replaced the National Housing Agency (NHA), which coordinated wartime

housing  activities. The  1965  act  creating  HUD  transferred  the  functions,

powers, and  duties  of the  HHFA  to  the  Department, which  was  made

responsible for administering programs designed to provide assistance for

housing and the development of the nation’s communities.

II.145 Robert C. Weaver, Administrator, 1961–1968, Subject

Correspondence Files, 1942–1969 (158 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 55

Boxes 60–375 [NN3­370­114]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by Secretary, thereunder by year, and thereunder

by subject.

Scope and Content: Some examples under this entry include:

1. Box 61

Folder: 1961—Government Commissions and Presidential Committees on

Civil Rights

Scope  and  Content: The  records  contain  various  state  reports  to  the

Commission on Civil Rights from the state advisory committees. There are

correspondence and complaints that pertain to housing discrimination at

the state level.

2. Box 64

Folder: Inter­group Relations

Scope and Content: The folder contains studies on the housing of nonwhite

populations  in  the  United  States. There  are  several  reports  by  the  U.S.

Commission on Civil Rights for the year 1961, and a statement by President

Kennedy on equal opportunity in housing. There is correspondence

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between President Kennedy and Weaver detailing civil rights issues regarding fair housing. The folder also contains correspondence by Robert Weaver

to various nongovernmental agencies.

3. Box 65

Folder: Justice Department

Scope and Content: The records concern civil rights issues focused on by

the Justice Department and correspondence of various civil rights organizations asking Weaver to use his influence in the Kennedy administration to

promote the nomination of a clerk in the U.S. Court of Appeals that would

be sensitive to civil rights issues.

4. Box 66

Folder: President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity

Scope  and  Content: The  file  contains  correspondence  with  the  NAACP

Nashville office concerning housing discrimination. There are also letters

alleging discrimination by private contractors who are contracting under

HUD and HFA. Some correspondence addresses the upcoming 1962 EEO

conference in Los Angeles, CA.

5. Box 68

Folder: Rental Houses

Scope and Content: This folder contains assorted correspondence that pertains  to  housing  discrimination  in  rental  apartments  throughout  the

United States

6. Box 69

Folder: NAACP and Urban League

Scope and Content: The records concern correspondence with Whitney M.

Young, Jr., executive director of the National Urban League. The subject of

much of the correspondence is the NAACP’s and Urban League’s desire to

have  Negroes  represented  at  international  events  in  official  Government

delegations. There are also communications with Secretary Weaver encouraging him to promote more Negroes to positions within HUD.

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7. Box 89

Folder: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

Scope and Content: The file contains speeches and invitations concerning

Weaver’s involvement with the Commission.

8. Box 93

Folder: President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity

Scope and Content: The file contains Home Finance Agency policies and

procedures  on  employment  and  other  Federal  agencies’ memorandums

concerning their policies regarding equal rights.

9. Box 112

Folder: State Department

Scope and Content: The file consists of correspondence concerning housing discrimination against African diplomats living in Washington, DC. It

also contains letters from various real estate agencies accused of discrimination and correspondences from Weaver’s office to the State Department.

10. Box 116

Folder: President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity in the Armed Forces

Scope and Content: There are several 1961 reports by the U.S. Commission

on Civil Rights. The file also contains information regarding the President’s

Committee on Equal Rights in the Armed Forces. Several memorandums

detail housing discrimination at the nation’s public universities.

11. Box 123

Folder: United Negro College Fund

Scope and Content: The file primarily consists of correspondence from the

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce and the United Negro College

Fund. Much of the file pertains to housing discrimination across the nation.

12. Box 124

Folder: Commission Against Discrimination

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Scope and Content: The file contains newspaper clippings regarding Weaver’s

addresses to various state NAACP branches across the country. There are also

memos on equal opportunity in housing and lettersfrom theCongress of Racial

Equality (CORE)invitingWeaverto speak at their conference on equal housing.

13. Box 126

Folder: Tuskegee

Scope  and  Content: The  box  contains  records  that  pertain  to  Weaver’s

speeches at Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, AL.

14. Box 129

Folder: Housing Discrimination

Scope and Content: The file contains correspondence that pertains to the

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its implications for the Housing and Home

Finance Agency.

15. Box 134

Folder: President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity

Scope  and  Content: Included  in  this  folder  is  the  President’s  Executive

Order 10925 that established the President’s Committee on Equal

Employment Opportunity Fair Housing Ordinances. There is also a report

from the subcommittee on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. There are memorandums from President Johnson’s office pertaining to EEO, as well as letters concerning discrimination against Negro bricklayers in Chicago.

16. Box 148

Folder: Equal Opportunity in Housing

Scope and Content: This folder contains information that pertains to various conferences held on the issue of equal opportunity in the northeast and

midwest regions of the United States

17. Box 204

Folder: President’s Executive Order

Scope  and  Content: The  folder  contains  information  detailing  HUD’s

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desire  to  terminate  funding  projects  for  low  income  housing  for African

Americans. There  is  also  information  pertaining  to  various  presidential

committees on equal opportunity.

18. Box 208

Folder: White House Civil Rights Conference

Scope and Content: In 1966, the Johnson administration held a conference

on  civil  rights. This  folder  contains  correspondence  between  the  White

House and Weaver’s office. There are also several letters from the NAACP’s

attorney, Jack Greenburg.

19. Box 219

Folder: National Urban League

Scope and Content: The file contains information that pertains to the 1966

National Urban League annual conference. Robert C. Weaver addressed the

convention, providing  an  assessment  of the  Black  Power  Movement  and

offering  solutions  on  how  government  programs  could  help  to  eradicate

poverty in urban ghettos.

20. Box 221

Folder: Urban Crisis

Scope  and  Content: Most  of this  file  consists  of speeches  and  papers  by

Weaver and his assessment of urban problems in America. The major subjects of the papers are the programs of the Great Society initiative and the

implementation  of various  civil  rights  bills  that  were  passed  under  the

Kennedy and Johnson administrations.

21. Box 240

Folder: Correspondence

Scope  and  Content: This  is  a  general  correspondence  file  of Robert  C.

Weaver  concerning  what  he  calls  “racial  isolation  around  the  country.”

There is also a study regarding various racial problems in the country.

22. Box 241

Folder: Equal Opportunity Standards and Regulations

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Scope and Content: The folder contains correspondence from the Congress

of Racial Equality requesting an investigation on low income housing construction.

23. Box 242

Folder: Equal Opportunity in HUD

Scope  and  Content: The  file  consists  of correspondence  and  memorandums pertaining to equal opportunity programs in the Department.

24. Box 287

Folder: Commission on Civil Rights (CCR)

Scope  and  Content: The  folder  contains  correspondence  related  to  the

activities of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. The Commission undertook  several  studies  on  minority  housing  in  Tennessee  and  California.

There are also several letters from HUD senior officials to the CCR. There

is also a folder concerning the plight of Mexican Americans.

25. Box 289

Folder: Office of Economic Opportunity

Scope and Content: This folder contains memorandums from the Assistant

to the Secretary of Inter­group Relations concerning HUD’s annual

Washington Conference. Kenneth Clark and various commissioners from

the Office of Equal Opportunity addressed the conference.

26. Box 292

Folder: President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity

Scope  and  Content: The  file  mainly  consists  of staff bulletins  that  detail

HUD’s  policies  toward  affirmative  action, and  rules  and  regulations  that

pertain to handling discrimination complaints.

27. Box 300

Folder: Civil Rights Acts of 1964–66

Scope  and  Content: The  records  pertain  to  the  civil  rights  guidelines  of

HUD that were mandated by the Civil Rights Acts. Much of the documen116
 
               

tation covers strategies based on the acts for improving deficiencies within

the agency.

28. Box 302

Folder: Weaver’s Goals

Scope and Content: This file contains the goals and objectives of Robert C.

Weaver as Secretary of HUD.

29. Box 303

Folder: NAACP

Scope and Content: These records are composed of correspondence

between Robert C. Weaver and NAACP branches across the nation.

30. Box 305

Folder: National Committee against Discrimination in Housing

Scope  and  Content: This  folder  contains  studies  of urban “ghettos” and

how  Federal  work  impacts  on  low  income  Americans  who  are  mired  in

poverty.

31. Box 317

Folder: Equal Opportunity Correspondence

Scope and Content: These records relate to Senate efforts to officially sanction “Negro History Month.” The file also contains correspondence from

community  activists  around  the  nation  requesting  HUD  to  fund  various

history programs for Negroes.

32. Box 318

Folder: Equal Opportunity in HUD

Scope  and  Content: The  box  contains  files  that  detail  the  various  HUD

policies regarding civil rights. The folder contains newspaper clippings on

investigations  undertaken  by  HUD  regarding  alleged  discrimination  in

housing programs.

33. Box 319

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Folder: Equal Opportunity

Scope and Content: This folder contains memorandums concerning various  cases  relating  to  recent  developments  in  Title  VI  enforcement  programs.

34. Box 367

Folder: Commission on Civil Rights

Scope and Content: In this folder there are numerous references to the Civil

Rights Act of 1968 as it relates to HUD’s policies and procedures toward fair

housing loans to minorities. Much of the file consists of correspondence

between Robert C. Weaver and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

35. Box 373

Folder: Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity

Scope  and  Content: This  folder  contains  records  that  relate  to  minority

employment within the Federal Government. There is testimony regarding

the difficulties that agencies were having in finding qualified applicants.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

II.146 Subject File 1960–1968 [Secretary Robert C. Weaver] (6 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 126

Boxes 1, 4–7, 9 [NN3­207­94­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

1. Box 1

Folders: Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Civil Rights Act of 1968

Scope and Content: The records relate to the enforcement of Title VI of the

Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, and include memorandums and policy

statements, that underscore the importance of enforcing these acts within

HUD. The files also contain correspondence between Robert C. Weaver and

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HUD officials addressing the shortcomings of some civil rights policies relative

to housing. Other records include information about the Secretary’s ability to

enforce TitleVIII civilrightsregulations within all Federal agenciesthroughout

the United States, and challenges to the authority of Titles VI and VIII.

2. Box 4

Folders: Joint Center for Urban Studies, Massachusetts Institute of

Technology (MIT) and Harvard University; Leadership Conference of Civil

Rights, 1966; Legislation; Legislation, Demonstration Cities and

Metropolitan  Development Act  of 1966  (3  folders); and  Minority  Group

Housing, 1965

Scope and Content: The records consist of memorandums, reports, correspondence, and statements that pertain to housing issues and civil rights.

Files include correspondence concerning the interest of MIT’s Center for

Urban Studies in working with HUD on housing issues. Other files contain

correspondence between Robert C. Weaver and Daniel Patrick Moynihan

that concerns EEOC and fair housing regulations as well as records relating

to various Cabinet members’ support of the proposed Civil Rights Bill of

1966 before the Senate subcommittee. There is also a folder that details the

Civil Rights Conference of 1966, held in Washington, DC, which lists various government and nongovernment organizations that attended.

3. Box 5

Folders: National  Association  for  the  Advancement  of Colored  People

(NAACP), 1968 and 1969 (3 folders); National Committee against

Discrimination  in  Housing, 1968  and  1969  (2  folders); and  the  National

League of Cities, 1967–1968

Scope and Content: The records include correspondence, memorandums and

notes between the NAACP and Weaver concerning investigations of numerous Title VIII discrimination complaints. Although most of the complaints

came from various southern NAACP branches, there are a few from northern

cities. There are also various letters written to HUD’s Equal Opportunity

Administrator concerning complaints and investigations of housing discrimination. There are letters from the Urban League’s director,Whitney Young, to

HUD’s Office of Equal Opportunity. In 1969, the Secretary of HUD sent a

condolence letter to the National Urban League’s Seattle office in reference to

the assassination of the branch’s executive director.

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4. Box 6

Folders: Poor People’s March, 1968; Racial Problems (Riots) 1967 (2 folders); and Racial Tensions (Riots)

Scope and Content: These records include correspondence relating to the

Poor People’s March on Washington, DC, which was organized by Dr. Ralph

Abernathy. There is also a detailed letter to HUD’s Secretary demanding that

more Federal dollars be applied to housing the nation’s poor.

5. Box 7

Folders: Watts Area, Los Angeles, California, 1968

Scope  and  Content: The  records  include  memorandums  and  correspondence  pertaining  to  the Watts  Riot  of 1965. The  Johnson  administration

assigned  the  Department  of Housing  and  Urban  Development  and  the

Office of Economic Opportunity to study the housing and economic needs

of that city. Also included in the file are various proposals to provide low

income housing and reports on community involvement in assuring that

public funds were properly allocated.

6. Box 9

Folders: Data Book, Civil Rights, 1966

Scope and Content: The data book includes fact sheets, printed materials

such as the Congressional Record, copies of bills, and clippings on HUD’s

civil  rights  record. Also  included  in  the  book  are  questions  and  answers

regarding Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1966 and documents that pertain to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

II.147 Program  Files, 1940–1965  [Race  Relations  Program, 1946–1958]

(3.5 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 56

Boxes 745–51 [NN­370­114]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: These records cover postwar race relations programs in

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the Eisenhower administration. The files pertain to various African

American  civil  rights  organizations’ protests  of discriminatory  policies

within the Federal Government’s housing programs. The documents reveal

support  for  a  race  relations  office  for  employees  within  HUD. This  proposed  office  was  to  facilitate  the  training  of race  relations  officers  that

would  have  the  responsibility  of overseeing  complaints  filed  against  the

agency. The  records  also  cover  various  race  relations  conferences  that

emphasized  equal  opportunity  in  housing  throughout  the  nation. Also

included  are  meetings  between  HUD  agencies, the  NAACP, the  Urban

League, and the National Council of Negro Women. Files contain newspaper articles and clippings, speeches and articles by HUD officials, and training programs designed for minority populations.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY

II.148 Subject Files of Richard C.Van Dusen, 1969–1972 (3 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 88

Boxes: 24–29 [NN­374­134]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  alphabetically  by  subject. In  some  instances  the

folders include an alphanumeric file designation.

Scope and Content: The records contain correspondence, memorandums,

reports, newspaper clippings, and policy statements regarding the operation  of the  Office  of Economic  Opportunity  (OEO)  during  the  Nixon

administration. The  correspondence  consists  of communication  between

various intragovernment agencies and documentation of changes in OEO’s

policy in the area of civil rights. The correspondence includes communications between civil rights organizations and HUD alleging the

Department’s  unresponsiveness  to  housing  discrimination  complaints.

Civil rights organizations also accused the Nixon administration and HUD

of failing  to  adhere  to  laws  regarding  equal  access  to  housing. There  are

records relating to the 1972 conference on equal opportunity and resignation letters of HUD officials.

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OTHER RECORDS

II.149 Subject Correspondence, 1964–1966 (2 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114

Boxes 9, 27 [NN3­207­94­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by the agency’s numerical filing scheme and thereunder by subject.

1. Box 9

Scope and Content: The records consist primarily of information on the

Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1966. There is correspondence between the

National Urban League, the NAACP, and local civil rights groups and HUD

regarding housing discrimination in various cities across the country. There

was considerable concern among civil rights groups over Federal allowance

of segregated public housing. There are also letters from African American

Vietnam veterans that sought Federal assistance in acquiring homes. Some

files contain plans and policy statements that pertain to EEO compliance

and documents that pertain to enforcement procedures for institutions of

higher education under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

2. Box 27

Folder: Programming General, April 13–30, 1967

Scope  and  Content: The  records  relate  to  various  civil  rights  advocacy

organizations  and  congressional  hearings  on  enforcement  of civil  rights

polices. There are letters from the Virginia Council of Human Rights, the

NAACP, and the National Urban League concerning ending segregation in

Government projected housing. The NAACP San Francisco branch

requested that HUD investigate contractors in that area who refused to hire

African American laborers. There are also communications from Congress

requesting  HUD  to  enforce  Executive  Order  11063, which  prohibits  discrimination  in  FHA­  or  Veterans  Administration­assisted  housing  programs. African  American Vietnam  veterans  petitioned  Congress  to  assist

them in their efforts to purchase homes in nonsegregated areas.

Representative  John  Conyers  was  one  of the  principal  congressmen  who

helped in this effort.

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II.150 Metropolitan  Development  Reader  and  Subject  Files, 1965–1968 

(1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 112

Box 20 [NN3­207­94­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically by date and thereunder by subject.

Scope and Content: These are records of the Advisory Committee on Equal

Opportunity that relate to memorandums of the Director of Equal

Opportunity within HUD. The correspondence relates to the elimination of

segregated facilities within governmental contractor’s work compounds.

II.151 Publications of the Department of Housing and Urban

Development, 1972–1973 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: UP

MLR Entry 1001

Boxes 41–42 [NC3­287­79­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by the agency’s alphanumeric filing scheme.

File: PRO 48­1, Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Publications

Scope and Content: These records pertain to fair housing and equal opportunity within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity.

They  consist  mostly  of monthly  reports, complaint  activity  reports, and

compliance reviews for the years 1972–73. Also included is a bibliography

of scholarly research on urban housing compiled by HUD.

Record Group 220

Records of Temporary Committees, Commissions, and Boards

II.152 Temporary committees, commissions, boards, and other bodies have

been appointed from time to time by Presidents to serve in fact­finding or

advisory capacities with regard to the work of executive agencies.

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RECORDS OF THE PRESIDENT’S COMMITTEE

ON EQUAL EMPLOYMENT, 1961–65

II.153 Executive Order 10925 of March 6, 1961, as amended by Executive

Order  11114  of June  22, 1963, established  the  President’s  Committee  on

Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO). The Commission studied

employment practices of the Federal Government and large employers and

recommended steps to eliminate discrimination within the executive

branch and by Government contractors. Executive Order 11246 of

September 24, 1965, abolished the Commission and transferred its activities for resolution, as appropriate, to the Department of Labor and the Civil

Service Commission.

II.154 The  records  of PCEEO  relate  to  the  administration  of Executive

Orders 10925 and 11114 in an effort to obtain adherence and compliance

with those orders from Government contractors and Government agencies.

The 11 series include the Committee’s compliance reports for Government

contractors, which were conducted to monitor contractors’ compliance to

the Executive orders, providing numerical representations for the number

of minorities  employed  in  professional, skilled, and  other  positions. The

materials also explore the period during which the Kennedy administration

initiated  preliminary  enforcement  of antidiscrimination  laws; they  also

document the signing of the Plans for Progress by labor entities.

Documented  discrimination  complaints  against  Government  contractors

and Federal agencies and installations are also included. These complaints

range  in  nature  from  segregation  of job  facilities  to  job  and  promotion

denial due to racial bias. These records further document the signing of the

Union Programs for Fair Practices by labor unions and provide studies in

the form of questionnaires presented to labor unions inquiring about the

number of minority members. The records of Hobart Taylor, Jr., Executive

Vice  Chairman  of the  PCEEO, include  a  variety  of correspondence  concerning  the  Committee’s  efforts  to  enforce  Executive  orders  of the  Civil

Rights  Act, investigate  discrimination  complaints, and  identify  programs

implemented to expand employment to minorities. Records concerning the

Committee’s efforts to implement equal employment opportunity in

Government agencies, as well as records of the Labor Advisory Council of

the PCEEO, which worked to assist unions in implementing the fair practices program, are also included.

124
 
1. Compliance Reports, 1962–1963 (39 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 35010 A

Boxes 1–96 [N3­220­87­8]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by contractor name.

2. Newspaper Clippings, 1961–1962 (4 ft.)
 

Finding Aid: NARS­A1
 

MLR Entry 35010 B
 

Boxes 1–8 [N3­220­87­3]
 

Loc: NAII
 

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject and thereunder by date.
 

3. Requests for Copies, 1962–1963 (3 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 35010 C

Boxes 1–6 [N3­220­87­1]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by date.

4. Complaint Files, 1961–1965 (77.6 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 35010 D

Boxes 1–70 [N3­220­87­1]

Boxes 1–84 [N3­220­87­3]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by case file number.

5. Local Union Questionnaires, 1963 (27.7 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

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MLR Entry 35010 E 

Boxes 1–68 [N3­220­87­1]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by state.

6. Records  Maintained  by  Hobart  Taylor, Jr., Executive Vice­Chairman,

1961–1965 (4 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 35010 F

Boxes 1–8 [NN­366­72]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

7. Agency EEO Correspondence, 1961–1965 (18.78 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 35010 G

Boxes 1–46 [N3­220­87­2]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by name of Government agency or installation.

8. Records of the Labor Advisory Council of the PCEEO Maintained by

Thomas McNamara, 1963–1965 (3 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 35010 H

Boxes 1–6 [N3­220­87­1]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by names of council members and by union trade.

9. General Subject File, 1961–1965 (7.94 ft.)

Finding Aid: A1

MLR Entry 35010 I

Boxes 1–19 [N3­220­87­1]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

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10. Miscellaneous Files, 1962–1965 (2.95 ft.)

Finding Aid: A1

MLR Entry 35010 J

Boxes 1–7 [N3­220­87­1] 

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

11. Records Concerning Unions, 1961–1964 (3.02 ft.)

Finding Aid: A1

MLR Entry 35010 K

Boxes 1–6 [N3­220­87­1]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by union name.

Record Group 235
 

General Records of the Department of Health,
 

Education, and Welfare
 

II.155 Reorganization  Plan  No. 1  of 1953  established  the  Department  of

Health  Education, and Welfare  (HEW)  on April  11, 1953. It  became  the

principal agency responsible for overseeing Federal programs designed to

promote the health, education, and social well­being of the people of the

United States. It had six major program components—the Public Health

Service, the Office of Education, the Food and Drug Administration, the

Social Security Administration, the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, and

St. Elizabeth’s Hospital. It also had responsibilities for three federally aided

operations—Howard  University, the  American  Printing  House  for  the

Blind, and Gallaudet University. HEW became the Federal agency responsible  for  ensuring  that  school  districts  receiving  Federal  funds  annually

complied with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, and national origin in federally assisted

programs, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibits discrimination based on sex in federally assisted education programs.

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RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

II.156 Secretary’s Subject Correspondence, 1956–1974 (2 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 34

Boxes 133 and 148 [NN3­235­95­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by the agency’s decimal classification system.

1. File Classification: 009 Civil Rights

Scope and Content: These records are the subject correspondence files of

the Office of the Secretary. They were maintained in the Central Records

section of the Secretary’s Office between 1960 and 1963. This particular file

contains congressional committee lists, speech excerpts, Presidential messages to the Congress, summary reports, civil rights House bills, statistical

charts on school desegregation in the South, Cabinet papers on civil rights

(1961), the Secretary’s Staff papers on civil rights, and a proposal to end

discrimination in Government­assisted programs authored in 1961 by Roy

Wilkins and Arnold Aronson.

2. File Classification: 031.3 U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

Scope and Content: These records are the file of correspondence with the

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights for the years 1959–62. They contain memorandums, newspaper clippings, reports, and publications regarding vocational educational programs and public vocational rehabilitation programs.

The correspondence involved the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, the

Department of Health, Education and Welfare (Office of Education), the

White House, the Department of Justice, the House of Representatives, and

the Senate. They cover subjects such as equal protections laws and public

higher education, recommendations for the use of Federal funds in grantin­aid programs, problems of school transitions, and school desegregation.

Record Group 237
 

Records of the Federal Aviation Administration
 

II.157 The Department of Transportation Act (80 Stat. 932) of October 15,

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1966, established  the  Federal  Aviation  Administration  (FAA)  within  the

Department  of Transportation. It  was  charged  with  regulating  air  commerce  and  promoting, encouraging, and  developing  civil  aeronautics. It

was given the responsibility of controlling the military and civilian use of

air space. The FAA also has the authority to develop, install, and operate air

navigation facilities and air traffic control systems.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF COMPLIANCE AND SECURITY

II.158 General Files, 1964–1970 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 80

Box 1 [NN3­237­02­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by an order, or change, or notice number.

Scope and Content: The records consist of case files that include copies of

paperwork submitted to the Paperwork Management Branch of the FAA to

change or initiate forms. The forms were developed by the Office of Civil

Rights of the FAA in order to track and analyze the hiring of minorities by

the agency.

II.159 Equal Employment Opportunity Files, 1959–1966 (12 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 82

Boxes 1–12 [NN3­237­02­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged (Unprocessed series).

Scope and Content: The records of this entry are those of the FAA’s Office

of Equal Employment Opportunity and include memorandums, letters,

data reports, EEO Office materials, FAA publications, newspaper clippings, surveys, and other correspondence between FAA’s Administrator

and the FAA field offices. The records further include FAA regional agencies’ discrimination complaints, and compliance reports and reviews, as

well as employment appraisals from those agencies. In order to encourage

129
 
                   

                     

                     

                     

             

                     

                 

                     

                   

   

           

                       

             

   

       

             

     

the implementation of measures under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the

President issued a directive to Federal agencies to take all necessary steps

to ensure that equal rights were guaranteed to the Federal work force;

therefore, there are several files in this series relating to the President’s

Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and the FAA’s support

for the PCEEO policies. Also included are reports from FAA field areas

where there was minority employment, in addition to newspaper clippings that show disapproval of the FAA’s commitment to the hiring and

promotion of minorities, including a Ku Klux Klan outcry against the

Civil Rights Act.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

II.160 Administrator’s Subject Correspondence, 1959–1982 (6 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 14

Boxes 78, 115, 155, 204, 249, 289, 320, 353, 386, 428, 446, 477, 520 [NN3­

237­94­003]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by year (with gaps) and thereunder by the agency’s

numerical filing scheme.

Numerical Files: 3700 (Equal Employment), 1964–67; 3700­1 (Equal

Opportunity), 1968–76; and 3701(Equal Opportunity), 1977–81

Scope  and  Content: The  records  in  this  entry  include  memorandums,

telegrams, letters, newspaper clippings, reports, and correspondence. The

material consists of general correspondence between the FAA

Administrator’s  office  and  its  regional  offices  and  field  areas, correspondence between the Administrator’s office and Congress, and some public

correspondence with the Administrator. The records primarily cover management operations and organization, airports, facilities, air traffic and aircraft management, and personnel matters. Included are records that show

the FAA’s handling of Equal Employment Opportunity measures and the

administration’s policy adjustments to meet EEO objectives.

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Record Group 319
 

Records of the Army Staff
 

II.161 The Army Organization Act of 1950 (64 Stat 263) of June 28, 1950,

established the Army Staff in the Department of the Army as the collective

name  for  all  organizations  responsible  to  the  Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.

General Order 97, Department of the Army, of November 13, 1951, confirmed  the  new  organization. The  Army  Staff provided  advice  to  the

Secretary, Under Secretary, and Assistant Secretaries of the Army. It supervised the planning, execution, and review of all Army programs, including

organization, operations, supply, equipment, recruitment, training, mobilization, and demobilization. Also, it investigated and reported on the efficiency and preparedness of the Army.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF
 

FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS (ODCSOPS)
 

II.162 Domestic Disturbance Files

1. Records of the Oxford Mississippi Operation, 1961–1963 (19.15 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD

MLR Entry 113

Boxes 1–38

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope  and  Content: ODCSOPS  records  relate  to  the  use  of Federal  marshals, U.S. troops, and the federalized National Guard in Oxford,

Mississippi, 1962–63, on the occasion of James Meredith’s enrollment at the

University  of Mississippi. The  records  cover  events  such  as  the  riots  of

September 30 and Governor Barnett’s efforts to obstruct Federal marshals,

as well as the daily events on campus and Meredith’s progress under integration. The  files  detail  Federal  involvement  from  a  number  of angles,

including preparations for the operation, Executive orders from the

President, after action reports on the cost and lessons of Federal involvement, congressional  correspondence  on  the  military’s  involvement, and

effects on the media, public, and, in particular, students and staff at “Ole

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Miss.” These detailed records demonstrate that the Government was highly

sensitive to public opinion, researching the legality of Federal intervention

and monitoring press reports, letters to congressmen, and the international impact of the campaign.

2. Records of the March on Washington, or Operation “Steep Hill,” 1963

(4.03 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 114

Boxes 1–8

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope and Content: These records reveal details of the Federal

Government’s  plans  to  intervene  in  the  March  on  Washington  (codenamed Operation “Steep Hill”) in the event the march became disorderly.

The Operation was extended to include plans for intervention in Alabama

during 1963 and 1964 over the issue of school integration. Army Staff communications and memorandums tracked the plans of the march organizers

throughout  the  summer, and  ODCSOPS  prepared  contingency  plans  for

cooperation with Washington, DC, police for controlling the march. The

records also include intelligence reports and estimates, congressional correspondence, press articles, and maps planning the route of the march and

facilities needed. The Alabama operations are covered lightly, as are other

civil  disturbances  throughout  the  United  States. These  records  give  an

insight into the personalities and events at the March on Washington.

3. Records of Operations “Oak Tree” and “Palm Tree,” 1963 (13.86 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 115

Boxes 1–26

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: Operation “Oak Tree” began in May 1963 as the code

name for the Army’s plan to intervene in Alabama in the event of civil disturbances related to school integration. “Palm Tree” was the new designa132
 
   

   

   

   

   

      

         

         

   

                     

tion  in  June  when  the  operation  was  extended  over  a  wider  area. These

records cover Governor Wallace’s “stand in the schoolhouse door” and the

Birmingham  church  bombing, when  the  National  Guard  was  federalized

and  U.S. troops  were  deployed. The  files  include  a  log  of activities, after

action reports, news reports, and a summary of significant events.

4. Records of Operation “Arkansas,” 1957–1958 (2.52 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 116

Boxes 1–5

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by folder number.

Scope  and  Content: The  records  cover  President  Eisenhower’s  use  of

Federal troops and the Arkansas National Guard in the Little Rock integration crisis of 1957–58. The operation is detailed from the stage planning for

intervention prior to deployment, up to the withdrawal of troops at the end

of the school year. Records include a journal of events, a summary of the

operation by ODCSOPS, a historical report prepared by the Office of the

Chief of Military History (OCMH), papers on Governor Faubus’ actions

with regard to integration, press reports and observations by Army officers

on the reaction of the community, and congressional correspondence. The

records document official concern over the legality and ramifications of the

operation and provide an insight into the problems surrounding this early

attempt at school integration.

Record Group 381
 

Records of the Community Services Administration
 

HEADQUARTERS RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC
 

OPPORTUNITY
 

II.163 The Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) was established in the

Executive Office of the President by the Act of August 20, 1964 (78 Stat.

508). It  had  responsibility  for  the  administration  and  coordination  of

Federal anti­poverty programs as specified in the Economic Opportunity

Act of 1964 (Pub. L. 88­452, as amended). All Office of Economic

133
 
       

       

       

           

   

       

   

       

     

   

   

   

     

   

Opportunity  programs, except  three, were  transferred  by  administrative

action on July 6, 1973, to the Departments of Labor, Housing and Urban

Development, and  Health, Education  and  Welfare. The  Legal  Services

Program, was transferred to the Legal Services Program of the Community

Services Administration by terms of the Legal Services Corporation Act of

1974 (88 Stat. 378), approved July 25, 1974. The Community Action and

Economic  Development  Programs  were  transferred  to  the  Community

Services Administration by an act of January 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2291, 2310).

Records of the Office of Economic Opportunity are now a part of Records

of the Community Services Administration.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

II.164 Deputy Director’s Project Files, 1965–1970 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1003

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­381­92­18]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by year and thereunder by subject.

Scope and Content: This series contains correspondence, copies of newspaper  clippings, memorandums, reports, minutes  of meetings, convention

programs, and  other  records  accumulated  by  Bertrand  Harding, who

served  as  the  Deputy  Director  and  Acting  Director  of the  Office  of

Economic Opportunity. Much of the correspondence concerns the activities  of Maurice  Dawkins, Assistant  Director  for  Civil  Rights, Office  of

Economic Opportunity. The records include an assessment of the National

Conference on Black Power, 1967, in Newark, NJ; documentary materials

from the 1967 CORE Convention, Oakland, CA ; notes from the Southern

Christian Leadership Conference convention, August 14–17, 1967, and the

Department  of Justice  Task  Force  on  Civil  Rights, 1968, for  the  White

House; documents relating to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Report

on  Ghettoes, 1967; material  on  the  Poor  People’s  Campaign  and  OEO,

1968, and  civil  rights  and  the  anti­poverty  war; and  reports  on  the  Civil

Rights Coordinator Conference, 1968. Many of the files contain information  regarding  civil  rights  leaders  such  as  Martin  Luther  King, Jr; Roy

Wilkins; Whitney Young; and Andrew Young.

134
 
                       

                 

           

                     

                     

                 

               

                   

                   

                     

                 

                         

             

                 

               

                 

                   

                   

         

   

                         

                   

II.165 Alphabetical File of Samuel Yette, 1964–1966 (4.53 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 2

Boxes 7–15

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by name of correspondent, organization, or subject.

Scope and Content: Samuel Yette was the Special Assistant to the Director of

Civil Rights. He corresponded with the OEO staff, government agencies,

official congressional members, civil rights organizations, labor unions,

staffs of various antipoverty programs, and the public. He advised the Office

of Economic Opportunity Director on civil rights legislation and on the formulation and implementation of policy. Among his records are correspondence, reports, antipoverty program analyses, minutes of meetings, transcripts of testimonies, publications on various subjects related to civil rights,

Federal housing reports on poverty problems, and press clippings and news

releases. Some of the extensive files cover civil rights in specifically designated areas such as proposed legislation, Mexican Americans, hearings, violations, Civil Rights Act of 1964—Title VI, the Civil Rights Office of OEO, the

1966 White House Conference—“To Fulfill These Rights,” discrimination in

housing, the NAACP, the National Urban League, the National Newspaper

Publishers Association, and Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division.

Some of the reports cover implementation of the equal employment opportunity program, efforts to achieve compliance of OEO programs with the

Civil Rights Act of 1964, complaints of racial and sex discrimination, conferences regarding civil rights, and congressional hearings.

II.166 Program Files, 1964–1967 (2.01 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 3

Boxes 16–19

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject, program, or region.

Scope and Content: The Office of the SpecialAssistant to the Directorfor Civil

Rights held the responsibility for tracking and assuring the compliance with

135
 
                   

                 

                 

               

                     

                     

                 

                   

                     

                     

           

               

           

                 

             

           

                   

                 

             

                 

                 

                   

               

                 

                       

                 

                   

                   

               

civil rights legislation of programs administered by the Office of Economic

Opportunity. The records consist of correspondence, weekly reports on civil

rights matters, reports by civil rights coordinators, equal employment opportunity guidelines, civil rights program compliance procedures and reports,

reports of civil rights violations, civilrights policy directives, press releases and

newspaper clippings, and publications that pertain to the civilrights aspects of

programs such Job Corps, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Upward Bound, and

VISTA. There are weekly activity reports for the Community Action Program,

Headstart, and Job Corps, and a national and regional profile of project

Upward Bound. There are files for the Department of Health, Education and

Welfare; Department of Interior; Small Business Administration; Department

of Agriculture; and Farmers Home Administration that contain correspondence related to their civil rights duties.

II.167 Records Relating to the Administration of the Civil Rights

Program in the Regions, 1965–1966 (7.65 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 4

Boxes 20–34

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by region and thereunder by state and thereunder

by local areas and cities.

Scope and Content: These records consist of correspondence between

regional coordinators, various civil rights groups, labor organizations, members of Congress, and community groups regarding the activities of the

Office of Economic Opportunity. The OEO Act created the Community

Action Program nationwide, and many files contain correspondence and

reports regarding the civil rights–antipoverty initiative. The records of each

region contain memorandums, reports, activities of youth and poverty programs, and weekly activity reports of the Office of Economic Opportunity.

Some regions’ records contain published hearings of the United

Commission on Civil Rights, 1965–66. There are newspaper clippings of

specific activities in the cities of the various regions and assessments of the

effectiveness of the antipoverty programs. The records also address particular issues and programs in local areas. There are also memorandums on

authority and responsibility in the assignment and direction of regional civil

rights coordinators and procedures for staffing patterns of regional offices.

136
 
           

                 

   

       

   

   

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS

II.168 Program Records of the Assistant Director for Civil Rights,

November 1965–December 1968 (7.05 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1005

Boxes 1–14 [NN3­381­92­1]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

1. Box 1

Scope and Content: The files contain travel logs, authorizations, and reimbursement  documents  related  to  the  activities  of Maurice  A. Dawkins,

Assistant Director for Civil Rights, for the year 1965. Several files contain

programs of the events at which Maurice Dawkins spoke. There are invitations and reminder correspondence to speak at various conferences, conventions, programs of the major civil rights organizations, lunches, dinners,

and award ceremonies.

2. Box 2

Scope  and  Content: The  files  contain  memorandums, correspondence,

newspaper clippings, press releases, and copies of programs related to the

activities of Maurice Dawkins in the year 1967. There are files that contain

correspondence  and  program  items  from  such  conferences  as  CORE  on

Black Power in June; the NAACP National Convention; meetings and newspapers of the Black Panther Party; the Black Power Conference, Newark,

NJ; the  Southern  Christian  Leadership  Conference  National  Convention;

and several national meetings of fraternities and sororities.

3. Box 3

Scope  and  Content: The  files  contain  memorandums, correspondence,

newspaper clippings, press releases, and copies of programs related to the

activities of Maurice Dawkins in August 1968. There are files on National

Urban League conferences, the Conference on Title VI of the Civil Rights

Act  of 1964, and  a  Negro  Middle  Class  Women’s  conference  held  in

Washington, DC, in 1968.

137
 
   

   

   

     

   

   

   

   

       

4. Box 4

Scope  and  Content: The  files  contain  memorandums, correspondence,

newspaper clippings, press releases, and copies of programs related to the

activities of Maurice Dawkins during 1968. The are files on the National

Bar  Association  Convention, 1968; the  Southern  Christian  Leadership

Conference Convention; the NAACP State Convention in North Carolina;

and the Regional Directors Conference.

5. Box 5

File: D/S  Regional  Directors  Conference, New York  City  (NYC), October

24–25, 1968 (folder 2 of 3)

Scope and Content: Position papers for the regional directors’ headquarters

staff conference.

File: D/S Regional Directors Conference, NYC, October 24–25, 1968 (folder 3 of 3)

Scope and Content: U.S. Civil Service Commission bulletins sent to OEO

regional  directors  regarding  equal  employment  opportunity  regulations

and memorandums sent to all regional directors.

6. Boxes 6–9

Scope and Content: These files contain correspondence between Maurice

Dawkins  and  the  regional  coordinators  for  civil  rights  for  the  year  1967.

The  files  of Robert  W. Saunders, Civil  Rights  Coordinator, Region  III,

Southeast  Region, 1967–68, are  quite  prominent  among  these  records.

There  are  agendas  for  briefings  and  planning  meetings, newspaper  clippings, and regional director’s reports. There are files maintained on congressional  supporters, foundations, lawyers, and  individual  civil  rights

groups. There are OEO reports for Job Corps centers, monthly statistical

reports, and  reports  of the  U.S. Commission  on  Civil  Rights  hearings  in

Montgomery, AL, for 1968.

7. Boxes 10–11

Scope and Content: These files cover subjects related to the activities and

interests of Maurice Dawkins during the years 1966–68. They include correspondence, memorandums, reports, minutes  of meetings, information

138
 
     

   

               

         

on national conventions and meetings, and documents related to congressional concern with civil rights—including inquiries and reactions to current events. The files contain the 1967 Booz­Allen & Hamilton report on

the statewide education study in Mississippi.

8. Boxes 12–13

File: Program Records of the Assistant Director for Civil Rights, November

1965–December 1968 (Demonstration Projects Involving Dawkins)

Scope and Content: These files consist of records related to demonstration

projects  that  interested  Maurice  Dawkins. They  cover  the  years  1967–69.

There  are  correspondence, memorandums, reports, proposals, investigations, and information related to national conferences. There are records

that pertain to Operation Breadbasket and Martin Luther King, Jr; the New

Orleans City Planning Commission; the Denver Fair Housing Project; the

Ford Foundation and SCLC training; the Harlem Economic Development

Project and its replication; and the Southern Christian Leadership

Foundation Advisory Board.

9. Box 14

File: Program Records of the Assistant Director for Civil Rights, November

1965–December 1968 (Miscellaneous Administrative Records)

Scope and Content: These files consist of miscellaneous records maintained

by Maurice Dawkins.Among them are files on Congressman Adam Clayton

Powell  and  memorandums  and  correspondence  that  pertain  to  equal

employment  and  public  relations  and  to  the  Senate  Labor  and  Public

Welfare Committee.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF PLANNING, RESEARCH, AND

EVALUATION

II.169 Subject Files, 1964–1972 (41.32 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 10­A

Boxes 1–82 [NC3­381­83­004]

Loc: NAII

139
 
   

         

      

           

         

   

     

   

           

   

Arrangement: Arranged by year and thereunder alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: This office had the responsibility for identifying and

defining the nature and extent of poverty in the United States. It sought to

develop  the  most  comprehensive  program  possible  to  combat  and  minimize  poverty. The  Office  undertook  ongoing  studies  and  evaluations  of

specific programs and accomplishments. The records are arranged alphabetically by subject and include correspondence, reports, memorandums,

proposals, plans, agendas, evaluations, studies, congressional  hearings,

newspaper clippings, press releases, and related records.

Record Group 398
 

General Records of the Department of Transportation
 

II.170 The Department of Transportation Act (80 Stat. 931) was passed on

October 15, 1966. The act consolidated highway, rail, air, and marine transportation functions vested in several Federal agencies into the newly created  Department  of Transportation  (DOT). The  Department  establishes

national  transportation  polices  affecting  highways, railroads, urban  mass

transit systems, and aviation. It develops and enforces safety regulations for

highways, waterways, ports, and oil and gas pipelines. Before the terrorist

attacks  of September  11, 2001, it  administered  the  U.S. Coast  Guard,

Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal

Railroad Administration, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,

Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Saint Lawrence

Seaway  Development  Corporation, and  Research  and  Special  Programs

Administration.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE
 

SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
 

II.171 General Correspondence, 1961–1972 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 3

140
             

      

       

       

         

   

   

       

   

       

Boxes 33–35 [NN374­26]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged numerically by the agency’s filing scheme.

Files: Minority Applicants, 1961–1967

Scope  and  Content: These  records  pertain  to  the  adherence  of DOT  to

equal  employment  opportunity  (EEO)  hiring  polices, and  its  efforts  to

employ  minority  workers  in  the  Department. The  files  contain  employment  applications  and  letters  recommending  various  applicants  for  high

level DOT positions. Employment opportunities comprised both civil service and political appointments. The files contain the applications of several

minority candidates. Prominent among them is the application of

Greyhound  executive  and  former  Brooklyn  Dodger  pitcher  Joe  Black  for

the DOT Advisory Board.

Record Group 403
 

Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
 

II.172 The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII (78 Stat. 253), established the

Equal  Employment  Opportunity  Commission  (EEOC), which  became

operational on July 2, 1965, with Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr., as its first chairman (May 26, 1965–May 11, 1966). Title VII charged EEOC with responsibility to end discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion,

and sex in hiring, promoting, terminating, paying, and all other conditions

of employment. EEOC also had the function of promoting voluntary programs  by  employers, unions, and  company  organizations  to  put  equal

employment opportunity into operation. Five commissioners were

appointed by the President to assist the Chairperson in fulfilling the mandates of Title VII.

II.173  Subject  File  Relating  to  Litigation  Against  American  Telephone

and Telegraph Company, 1971–1973 (.82 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1

Boxes 1–2 

Loc: NAII

141
 
   

   

                 

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope  and  Content: This  series  contains  correspondence  between  the

defendants (AT&T and its many companies), the plaintiffs, EEOC, and the

Department  of Labor. Among  the  records  is  the  complaint  and  consent

decree, replies from the plaintiffs, materials and reference, and memorandums of agreement and pre­hearing memorandums.

II.174  Numeric­Subject  Files  Relating  to  Litigation  Against  American

Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1965–1973 (51.60 ft.)

Finding Aid NARS­A1

MLR Entry: 2

Boxes 1–122

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  numerically  by  the  agency’s  filing  scheme  and

thereunder alphabetically or numerically by folder title.

Scope  and  Content: This  series  contains  proceedings  of the  litigation

against  AT&T  by  the  EEOC  and  assorted  exhibits  submitted  into  evidence—graphs  and  charts  of employment  practices  from  AT&T  subsidiaries, summaries  and  testimonies, records  documenting  affirmative

action programs, correspondence, and memorandums.

II.175 Reports and Publicity Records, 1971–1973 (.82 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 3

Boxes 1–2

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: This series contains research reports, beginning as early

as 1966, on minority hiring and employment practices in select cities and

industries. There are several copies of the EEOC News Digest, which contain

primarily newspaper clippings about EEO efforts in the private and Federal

sectors. There  are  also  public  affairs  notices  designed  to  keep  the  public

informed of EEOC activities and weekly activity reports for the

Commission staff.

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RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN

II.176 Records of Stephen Shulman [General Correspondence],

1966–1968 (10 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 4

Boxes 1–10 [NN3­403­94­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope and Content: These records contain various files of the general correspondence  of the  Chairman’s  office. Stephen  N. Shulman  served  as

Chairman  from  September  14, 1966, to  July  1, 1967. There  are  reports,

memorandums, speeches of the Chairman, minutes of meetings, publications, journal articles, and newspaper clippings. Some of the file titles refer

to EEOC regulations and rules, employment statistics, directives for affirmative  action  plans, investigations  of employment  services, civil  rights

organizations, congressional responses to EEOC activities, public affairs of

EEOC, and commentary and analyses of sex and race discrimination. Also

covered  are  EEOC  guidelines  on  discrimination  based  on  sex, religion,

national origin, and race; staff discussions regarding Title VII implications

for sex,race, age, and religious discrimination; an airline steward case; decisions  of the  Chairman  and  Commission; the  National  Organization  for

Women; the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights; and activities of the General

Counsel of EEOC.

II.177 Records of Chairman Franklin Roosevelt, Jr. [General

Correspondence], 1965–1966 (2 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 5

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­403­94­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope  and  Content: These  records  consist  of correspondence, memorandums, reports, newspaper clippings, and press releases. Franklin Roosevelt,

Jr., became the first chairman of EEOC, serving May 26, 1965, to May 11,

1966. Most  of the  correspondence  covers  the  Chairman’s  responses  to

143
 
   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

EEOC officials and congressional inquiries. It contains information on the

New England EEOC Conference plans and program (1965) and the White

House Conference on EEOC (1965). There are administrative files on work

flow, regional  directors’ meetings, and  weekly  reports. The  legislative  file

contains House and Senate bills related to EEO functions under civil rights

bills.

II.178 Chronological Files, 1969–1979 (6 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 6

Boxes 1–6 [NN3­403­94­008]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope  and  Content: These  records  are  the  correspondence  file  of the

Chairman’s  office, 1969–79. The  subject  matter  covers  a  wide  variety  of

issues and interests of EEOC. Among the records are newspaper clippings,

small publications, press releases, and assorted memorandums. The series

includes the following information:

1. Box 1

Files: April 1969–June 1974

Scope  and  Content: These  files  were  created  by  Chairmen  William  H.

Brown  III  (May  6, 1969–December  28, 1973)  and  John  H. Powell, Jr.

(December 28, 1973–March 18, 1975). The subjects covered include contract compliance, racial composition studies of the labor force, memorandums of agreement with other Federal agencies, budget and fiscal matters

of the Commission, Federal procurement and minority business enterprise,

union discrimination, congressional enforcement legislation, Americans of

Hispanic  origin, state  employment  practices, management  and  organization  studies, steel  settlements  with  nine  unions, and  planning  for  EEOC

conferences and seminars. Some of the Federal agencies and organizations

cited are the Office of Federal Compliance (Department of Labor), the U.S.

Commission on Civil Rights, the Senate, the House of Representatives, the

Federal Women’s Program, the Native American Task Force, the Office of

the White House, and the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Labor.

144
 
   

               

   

             

         

   

                 

                   

   

   

2. Box 2

Files: July 1974–December 1975

Scope and Content: These files were created by Chairmen John H. Powell,

Jr., and Lowell W. Perry (May 27, 1975–May 15, 1976). The correspondence

includes records relating to the Commission on Human Rights in regards

to the establishment of EEO programs in the New York City government,

the NAACP’s 65th Annual Convention, annual audit plans, preparation for

the Vice President’s appearance before the National Urban League

Convention, concerns over regional office affairs, restructuring of district

offices, the  U.S. Civil  Service  Commission, the  National  Conference  of

Christians and Jews, the Federal Bar Association, liaison with the American

Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, correspondence with

members  of the  House  and  Senate, and  EEOC  policy  regarding  layoffs

based on seniority.

3. Box 3

Files: May 1969–May 23, 1973

Scope and Content: These files contain the speeches, press releases, radio

and television interviews, and Commission statements of Chairman

William  H. Brown, III. The  files  are  arranged  by  month, date, and  year.

Some  of the  forums  that  the  Chairman  spoke  before  are  the  National

Convention of the NAACP (1969), the Conference on Affirmative Action,

the Annual Convention of Alpha Phi Alpha, the American Bar Association,

the National Employment Association, the American Society for Personnel

Administration, the State of Maryland Commission on Human Relations,

the New York Chamber of Commerce Forum on Fair Employment

Practices, the Pacific Coast Labor Conference, and the Conference for EEO

in the 1970s.

4. Box 4

Binders [No Title]

Scope and Content: These binders contain the news digest for the

Commission. They consist of newspaper clippings compiled by the Public

Affairs  Department—Binder  1, May–June  1970; Binder  2, June–August

1970; Binder 3, August–October 1970; and Binder 4, October–November

145
 
           

   

   

             

   

   

                   

           

   

             

   

       

1970.
 

5. Box 5

Files: John H. Powell, 1974; Lowell W. Perry, 1975 (May 27, 1975–May 15,

1976)

Scope and Content: These files contain some of the speeches, remarks, and

statements  of Chairmen  Powell  and  Perry. Some  of the  Powell  speeches

were  given  at  the  National  Conference  of Christians  and  Jews, January

1974; Mexican American Education Conference, March 1974; House

Appropriations Subcommittee, April 1974; American Bar Association, May

1974; and the National Urban League Annual meeting, July 1974. Some of

Perry’s addresses were made at the NAACP Annual Conference, July 1975;

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, August 1975; various colleges and universities,

1975; and  the  House  Subcommittee  on  Equal  Opportunity, September

1975.

6. Box 6

Binders [No Title]

Scope and Content: These binders contain the news digest of the

Commission compiled by the Public Affairs Department—Binder 1,

January–February  1971; Binder  2, March–April  1971; and  Binder  3, May

1971–January 1972.

II.179 General Correspondence Files of the Executive Secretary,

1965–1966 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 7

Box 1 [NN3­403­94­005]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope  and  Content: These  files  are  primarily  the  correspondence  files  of

Margaretta  S. Bell, Executive  Secretary  to  the  Chairman. They  consist  of

correspondence, December  1965–May  1966, and  an  administrative  file,

1965–66. Most of the correspondence files consist of letters of inquiry or

complaint about the Commission’s function; unlawful employment prac146
 
       

     

   

   

tices based on race, color, religion, sex, and natural origin; Social Security

and disability allotments; and employment at the Commission. Among the

correspondence is a file designated “Cranks and Nuts.” This file contains an

assortment of letters that apparently made little sense to the Commission

and to which the Commission therefore did not respond. The administrative file contains internal memorandums of the Office of the Chairman on

subjects  such  as  organizational  plans, office  and  job  assignments, White

House correspondence, fiscal year budget estimates, and office procedures.

RECORDS OF THE COMPLIANCE DIVISION

II.180 Compliance Correspondence, 1966–1967 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 9

Box 1 [NN3­403­94­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope  and  Content: The  correspondence  consists  of responses  to  complaints  of unlawful  employment  practices  under  Title  VII  of the  Civil

Rights  Act  of 1964; interoffice  memorandums  regarding  investigation,

transmission, and disposition of complaints filed against individuals and

companies; and documentation of conciliation activities. There are Bureau

of Labor Statistics studies related to seniority issues. There are memorandums on the regional offices’ daily workload disposition.

II.181 Compliance Division Files, 1965–1966 (2 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 8

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­403­94­003]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope and Content: The files concern compliance activities of field representatives, interoffice memorandums to the Commissioners, summaries of

investigations, Federal agencies’ reports, general correspondence, nonjuris147
 
         

   

           

dictional  matters, complaint  withdrawals, case  dismissals, pending  cases

and processing, and policy recommendations.

Other Records

II.182 Commission Decisions Files (Document Control Systems)

1966–1999 (46 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 6

Boxes: 1–46 [NN3­403­03­005]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by year and thereunder alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: These records pertain to the EEOC’s decisions on cases

that involve discrimination in employment. Cases were either approved or

denied. Included in this series are records pertaining to Top Ranked Boxing,

Inc. The EEOC accepted this case because of alleged discrimination against

women, who  were  not  allowed  to  participate  as  judges  in  major  boxing

events. Also included are cases related to racial and sexual discrimination at

the St. Louis Adams Mark Hotel. Material is currently restricted.

II.183 Chairman’s Chronological Files, 1980–1990 (4 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 7

Boxes 1–4 [NN3­403­03­007]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged (Unprocessed series).

Scope and Content: Most of these records were created during the Reagan

administration. They primarily include correspondence between the

EEOC’s  Chairman  and  nongovernmental  institutions. Included  is  correspondence with women’s organizations, civil rights organizations, and the

Congressional  Black  Caucus. There  are  communications  between  the

Chairman, Clarence Thomas, Mickey Leland, labor unions, and Hispanic

civil rights organizations. There are records that reveal EEOC’s participation in the campaign to help during the Ethiopian famine. Material is currently restricted.

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II.184 Commission Decision Files, 1977–1986 (5 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 8

Boxes 1–5 [NN3­403­03­008]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by year and thereunder by subject.

Scope and Content: These records primarily focus on EEOC’s decisions and

their  immediate  ramifications  regarding  pending  Supreme  Court  cases.

There are numerous letters from various EEOC board members that refer

to the California vs. Bakke case (1978). There are also letters concerning a

reemphasis on affirmative action and its impact on employment. There are

also proposals to improve racial/ethnic data base collections, and numerous

manuals on reviewing Federal agencies’ assurances under Executive Order

2067, an order that gave the EEOC responsibility to provide leadership and

coordination for all Federal programs prohibiting discrimination. There is

also information regarding the Equal Pay Act (EPA).

II.185 Chairman’s Chronological File, 1976–1999 (10 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 9

Boxes 1–10 [NN3­403­03­009]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by year and thereunder by folders labeled

“January–May” and “June–December.”

Scope and Content: There are several letters that relate to the proposal in

1977 to relocate the EEOC from Washington, DC, to Richmond, VA. Most

of the  letters  are  from  members  of the  Congressional  Black  Caucus  and

demonstrate  the  negative  effect  the  move  would  have  on  the  greater

Washington, DC, community. There  is  also  correspondence  regarding  a

meeting of the Chairman with Oral Roberts. Included are documents pertaining  to  the  Chairman’s  acceptance  and  rejection  of various  speaking

engagements throughout the United States. There are also several communications from a number of congressmen concerning the EEOC’s “reverse

discrimination” policies. Material is restricted.

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II.186 Ida Castro, Chairwoman, Correspondence, 2000–2001 (6 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 10

Boxes 1–6 [NN3­403­03­010]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject and thereunder chronologically.

Scope and Content: These records relate mostly to Chairwoman Ida Castro’s

tenure as EEOC Commissioner. There are also numerous speaking invitations

from civil rights organizations, the majority of which are from the Hispanic

community. There are documents that relate to a civil rights conference titled

“EEO Basics.” Representatives of Operation Push, Blacks in Government, law

schools, and associations all attended that civil rights conference in 2000.

There are also cases that deal with discrimination in the workplace. There is a

case that deals with discrimination in several Arizona counties against

Hispanic and female low­wage workers.Also included are reports on activities

under the National Enforcement Plan for Fiscal Year 2000.

II.187 EEOC Landmark Cases 1974–1996 (30 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 11

Boxes 1–30 [NN3­403­03­011]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by case file number.

Scope and Content: These records concern mainly EEOC’s landmark cases,

1974–96. They include EEOC v. Southern Pacific Transportation Company and

General Telephone Company. Also included in the records are letters to and

from plaintiffs and defendants, the law firms representing them, and individuals alleging discrimination. There are transcripts of case proceedings.

Record Group 406
 

Records of the Federal Highway Administration
 

II.188 The Department of Transportation Act (80 Stat. 932) of October 15,

1966, established the Federal Highway Administration within the

150
   

   

Department  of Transportation. The  act  consolidated  functions  formerly

vested  in  the  Department  of Commerce  and  the  Interstate  Commerce

Commission. The  Federal  Highway  Administration  (FHA)  administers

Federal financial assistance to the states for highway construction; coordinates Federal highway beautification,safety, and research and development;

and  provides  training  for  state  and  local  highway  department  employees

and foreign highway officials.

MIXED DIRECTIVE FILES, 1961–69

II.189 Administrative Memorandums, 1960–1964 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 29

Box 1 [NN3­406­93­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by date.

Scope  and  Content: The  records  contain  information  pertaining  to  civil

rights and equal employment, as well as publications on nondiscrimination

requirements. There are circular memorandums to regional and divisional

directors announcing the creation of nondiscrimination policies.

II.190 Civil Rights Manual, 1967–1975 (2 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 28

Boxes 1–2 [NN3­406­93­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  chronologically  and  thereunder  by  transmittal

number.

Scope and Content: The records contain a published manual on civil rights,

a questionnaire related to civil rights violations, a review report on affirmative action, and the agency’s policy on civil rights.

II.191 Central Correspondence Files, 1968 (1 ft.)

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Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1D

Boxes 46–47

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by the agency’s numeric filing system.

File: 900­901.5 (1974)

Scope  and  Content: This  series  contains  information  regarding  various

complaints and claims of discrimination sent to the Office of Civil Rights

within FHA. There are records regarding the establishment of a civil rights

career program officer. Other subjects covered by these records are equal

employment opportunity reports and recommendations on regional civil

rights programs concerning FHA regional hiring practices.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

II.192 General Files, 1967–1968 (1.5 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 19

Boxes 2–3, 11 [NN3­030­93­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content: The records contain reports, lists of attendees, and correspondence that pertain to the 1968 conference on poverty. There are surveys of nondiscrimination programs for housing in the Washington, DC,

metropolitan area.

Record Group 441
 

General Records of the Department of Education
 

II.193 The Department of Education was created by the Department of

Education Organization Act of 1979 (20 U.S.C. 3411) and is administered

under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of Education. The

Department of Education establishes policy for, administers, and coordinates

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most Federal assistance to education. Its mission is to ensure equal access to

education and to promote educational excellence throughout the nation.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

II.194 The  Office  of the  Secretary  of Education  was  created  by  the

Department of Education Organization Act of 1979. The first Secretary was

sworn in on December 6, 1979. The Secretary advises the President on education plans, policies, and programs of the Federal government; serves as

the chief executive officer of the Department; coordinates and oversees all

Department activities; and provides support and encouragement to states

and  localities  on  matters  related  to  education. The  Secretary  focuses  the

resources of the Department and the attention of the country on ensuring

equal access to education and promotes educational excellence throughout

the nation. The Secretary also carries out certain Federal responsibilities for

four  federally­aided  corporations: the  American  Printing  House  for  the

Blind, Gallaudet University, Howard University, and the National Technical

Institute for the Deaf.

II.195  General  Correspondence  and  Administrative  Files, 1979–1983

(179 ft. 8 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 1

Boxes 1–411 [NN3­441­94­009]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  by  Secretary, thereunder  by  year, thereunder  by

type of document, and thereunder chronologically. Some of the subjects are

coded by an alphanumeric filing system.

Files: Secretary Reading File (Jan.–Mar. 1980)—Secretary Bell’s Trip

Briefing Book (Oct.–Dec. 1983) 

Scope  and  Content: This  series  documents  the  entire  range  of activities,

decisions, and  issues  faced  by  the  Secretary  of Education. The  records

include memorandums by the Secretary and other documents concerning

dealings  with  Congress, daily  schedules, publications  of the  Department,

and other administrative matters. The series includes annual reports, brief153
 
   

   

       

       

         

       

       

               

   

   

               

   

ing books, correspondence, memorandums, press releases, reports, schedules, and  speeches. Specific  topics  covered  by  the  records  pertain  to  the

black  college  concerns  initiative, civil  rights, discrimination  and  enforcement, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, school desegregation remedies, and  elementary  and  secondary  education  civil  rights  surveys. The

records of the first Secretary, Shirley Hufstedler, who served as Education

Secretary  in  1981, are  in  boxes  1–98; and  the  records  of the  second

Secretary, T. H. Bell, are in boxes 98–411.

RECORDS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION

II.196 The National Institute of Education (NIE) was provided for as part

of the Education Amendments of 1972 (86 Stat. 327; 20 U.S.C. 1221e).With

the establishment of the Department of Education in 1979, NIE was transferred to the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) by

the Act of October 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 678), and became one of five key program components. The NIE was created to provide leadership in the conduct and support of scientific inquiry into the educational process, to provide more dependable knowledge about educational quality, and to

improve education, including career education. These purposes were carried out in a variety of ways. One was by helping to solve the problems and

achieve the objectives of American education, including equal opportunity.

Another was by advancing the practice of education as an art, science, and

profession. The NIE also worked to strengthen the scientific and technological foundations of education by building an effective educational research

and development system.

II.197 Project Reports Relating to the Minorities and Women’s Program,

1977–1982 (11 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 10

Boxes 1–26 [NN3­441­94­013]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by name of postsecondary institution or association.

Files: Institute  of Independent  Study  at  Radcliffe  College—Research  and

Development Seminars

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Scope  and  Content: This  series  primarily  consists  of various  types  of

reports prepared by participants in the Minorities and Women’s Program

in  fulfillment  of the  National  Institute  of Education’s  contract  requirements. These reports include project proposals, progress reports, quarterly

and final reports, financial status reports, project evaluations, and copies of

completed written research projects. Other records include related correspondence, resumes  of project  directors, and  meeting  agendas. The  NIE

instituted the Minorities and Women’s Program to increase the participation of minority group members and women in educational research and

development. The  program  targeted  those  individuals  who  already  had

experience  or  expertise  related  to  educational  research, but  who  were

underutilized or not regularly employed in doing such work. The program

was of particular interest to minority persons and women who were: 1) in

professional positions where other responsibilities prevented the development of research ideas; 2) in research positions that did not permit full use

of their expertise and capabilities; or 3) outside the regular workforce that

was involved with education and educational research.

Record Group 453
 

Records of the United States Commission on Civil Rights
 

II.198 The Commission on Civil Rights (CCR) was first created by the Civil

Rights  Act  of 1957, as  amended, and  reestablished  by  the  United  States

Commission on Civil Rights Act of 1983, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1975). The

Commission  makes  findings  of fact  but  has  no  enforcement  authority.

However, it collects and studies information on discrimination or denials of

equal protection of the laws because of race, color, religion, sex, age, handicap, national origin or in the administration of justice in such areas as voting rights, enforcement of Federal civil rights laws, and equal opportunity

in education, employment, and housing. In furtherance of its fact­finding

duties, the CCR may hold hearings and issue subpoenas for the production

of documents and the attendance of witnesses at such hearings. Findings

and  recommendations  are  submitted  to  the  President  and  Congress, and

many of the Commission’s recommendations have been enacted either by

statute, Executive order, or regulation. The Commission evaluates Federal

laws and the effectiveness of Government equal opportunity programs. It

also  serves  as  a  national  clearinghouse  for  civil  rights  information. The

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CCR maintains state advisory committees and consults with representatives

of Federal, state, and  local  governments  and  with  private  organizations.

Because it lacks enforcement powers that would enable it to apply specific

remedies, the CCR refers many complaints to the appropriate Federal,state,

or  local  government  agency  or  private  organizations  for  action. The

Commission is composed of eight Commissioners: four appointed by the

President and four by the Congress. Not more than four members shall at

any one time be of the same political party. Commissioners serve six­year

terms (no Senate confirmation is required). The President may remove a

member  of the  Commission  only  for  neglect  of duty  or  malfeasance  in

office.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN

II.199 The Chairman of the Commission on Civil Rights is designated by

the President from among the members of the Commission with a majority of their concurrences. The Chairman heads the Commission.

II.200 Publications, Reports, and Studies, 1973–1976 (14 ft. 8 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 8

Boxes 1–34 [NN3­453­095­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: “Media in Montana: Its Effects on Minorities and Women”—

“Employment Practices in Montana: The Effects on American Indians and

Women”

Scope  and  Content: These  records  appear  to  have  been  maintained  by

Chairman  of the  Commission  on  Civil  Rights Arthur  S. Flemming. Staff

Director  John  A. Buggs  also  figures  prominently  in  the  records. They

include reports published by the Commission and its various state advisory committees, transcripts of hearings and testimony before congressional

committees, internal  personnel­related  reports  giving  statistics  on  the

Commission’s  demographics, chartering  of state  advisory  committees,

analyses of proposed civil rights legislation, as well as copies of civil rights156
 
           

   

   

         

   

         

   

   

   

related  newspaper  clippings. Subjects  covered  by  these  records  include

desegregation of schools in the Boston, MA, Denver, CO, Louisville, KY, and

Tampa, FL, school  districts; RAND  Corporation  reports  on  the  development of a longitudinal study of school desegregation; antibusing legislation

sponsored by President Gerald R. Ford in 1976; and race and sex discrimination affecting access to education, employment, Government contracts,

housing, and legal assistance across the country. Other topics include proposed legislative and constitutional measures to restrict access to abortion

services; the  status  of American  Indians  in  Arizona, Minnesota, North

Dakota, and South Dakota, as well as Asian minority groups in California;

civil  rights  issues  in  state  prison  systems  including  Alabama, Arizona,

Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio,

and  Oregon; testimony  before  Congress  regarding  voting  rights  and  the

Equal Credit Opportunity Act in 1975; and landmark court cases such as

Brown v. Board of Education and Milliken v. Bradley.

II.201  Correspondence  of Chairman  Arthur  S. Flemming, 1971–1979

(5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 11

Box 1 [NN3­453­095­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject and thereunder in reverse chronological

order.

Files: Flemming Reading File (Oct. 1977)—SD/Guidelines for

Commissioners (Aug. 18, 1971)

Scope and Content: The records relate to the daily administrative activities

of Chairman Arthur S. Flemming. Included are drafts of civil rights­related

testimony given before various congressional committees; analyses of proposed civil rights legislation; and Commission program plans and schedules prepared by Acting Staff Director Louis Nunez that were routed to the

Chairman  for  his  review  and  signature. There  are  also  several  drafts  and

revisions of proposed guidelines for the conduct of Commissioners related

to making public statements, giving congressional testimony, and handling

citizen complaints. Other subjects covered include school desegregation in

Mississippi; the  Commission’s  opposition  to  any  legislation  that  would

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authorize tax credits paid for tuition to all private elementary and secondary schools; and the Commission’s analysis of H.R. 9804, “the Civil Rights

Act of 1977,” which opposed the bill’s ambiguity regarding discrimination

in housing and employment and the centralization of civil rights enforcement authority in a single agency.

II.202 Records Relating to Surveys of State and Local Human Relations

Commissions, 1964–1965 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 12

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­453­095­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged alphabetically by state, and thereunder by city or

county.

Files: Project Memos—West Virginia (Logan)

Scope and Content: These surveys were conducted to elicit basic information about the identity, establishment, constituency, funding, jurisdiction,

staff, and procedures of each state and local commission. The surveys were

also conducted to obtain views and opinions on matters such as the respective roles of Federal, state, and local governments in civil rights issues, and

the needs and problems of state and local commissions. The records contain an untitled draft report of the findings from these studies. Local commissions documented in this series include the Baltimore Equal

Opportunity Commission (MD); the Bi­Racial Committee (Winter Park,

FL); the Civic Unity Commission (Cambridge, MA); the Fair Employment

Practice Commission (East Chicago, IN); the Iowa City Human Relations

Commission  (IA); the  Joliet  Commission  on  Human  Relations  (IL); and

the Mayor’s Better Citizenship Committee (Monroe, NC). The amount of

information on each above mentioned organization varies.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE STAFF DIRECTOR

II.203 The Staff Director of the Commission on Civil Rights is appointed

by the President with the concurrence of a majority of the Commission’s

members. The  Staff Director  oversees  the  day­to­day  operations  of the

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Commission and is responsible for defining and enforcing policy decisions

of the Commission and supervising the conduct of agency programs.

II.204 Records Relating to Surveys and Studies, 1958–1962 (10 ft. 5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 2

Boxes 1–24 [NN3­453­83­1]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope and Content: This series includes records relating to the Black Belt

Survey conducted by the CCR, 1960–61. The survey was taken in 1961 on

the  administration  of justice  and  minority  group  employees  working  for

the  Internal  Revenue  Service, the  Federal  Housing  Administration, the

Veterans  Administration, Federal  courts, and  correctional  institutions.

Copies of sections of the Library of Congress’s civil rights project reports

on elections, education, housing, employment, and the administration of

justice are also included. There are also records relating to state advisory

committees, including reports and studies conducted by the various committees. This series contains information about the Alabama and Louisiana

voting cases with dockets, transcripts, lists of registered voters, and

unserved subpoenas, correspondence, and exhibits, as well as miscellaneous

and false allegations received from individuals complaining that their civil

rights were violated.

II.205 References Files, 1979–1982 (5 ft. 2 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 9

Boxes 1–12 [NN3­453­095­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically by date.

Files: Chairman’s Correspondence (FY 1982)—Informational Mailing

Materials (September 1982)

Scope  and  Content: This  series  appears  to  have  been  maintained  by  the

Office of the Staff Director. The bulk of the records were collected or provided to the Commissioners for review, but also provide commentary on

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policy and legislation and recommendations addressing the administration

of justice, Presidential  appointments, civil  rights  coordination, enforcement of civil rights laws, elimination of sex discrimination in Federal programs, equal  education  opportunity, nondiscrimination  in  employment,

and  fair  housing. Other  topics  include  school  desegregation  in  Portland,

OR, and Boston, MA; age discrimination against children and the elderly;

immigration  policies; and  testimony  and  commentary  related  to  implementing  the Voting  Rights Act. There  are  numerous  exchanges  of correspondence between the Commission and Eleanor Holmes Norton,

Chairwoman  of the  U.S. Equal  Employment  Opportunity  Commission,

regarding minorities and women in private industry and the coordination

of Federal equal opportunity programs. In addition, the records contain a

report  entitled  “The  State  of Black  America  1980,” published  by  the

National Urban League; a staff report related to a hearing in Harrisburg,

PA, on “The Legal System and Women Victims of Domestic Violence” (June

1980); and remarks of Senator Orrin G. Hatch before the Utah Advisory

Committee  to  the  Commission  on  Civil  Rights  regarding  employment

opportunities for women and minorities (August 25, 1982). The

Commission’s interest in race relations is reflected in the Western Regional

Office’s  report  on “Police  Community  Relations  in  San  Jose, CA” (April

1980)  and  a  report  written  following  racial  disturbances  in  Miami, FL,

titled  “Confronting  Racial  Isolation  in  Miami” (June  1982). Numerous

court cases are documented throughout the series, including the U.S. Court

of Appeals decision in Liddill v. Board of Education, City of St. Louis relating

to the implementation of Brown v. Board of Education.

II.206 Correspondence of the Staff Director, 1959–1977 (5 ft. 6 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 10

Boxes 1–13 [NN3­453­095­005 and NN3­453­095­006]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject or surname of correspondent.

Scope and Content: These records were created by Staff Directors Howard

W. Rogerson, Berl I. Bernhard,William L. Taylor, Howard A. Glickstein, and

John A. Bugg. The records mostly consist of communications with members of Congress, academic faculty, legal professionals, and local civil rights

organizations. Also included are transcripts of Commissioners’ testimony

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before U.S. House and Senate committees regarding issues such as the status of Mexican­American employees of General Dynamics in Pomona, CA;

the status of Mexican­American students in schools in southwestern states;

desegregation  of California  schools; assessments  of Federal  civil  rights

enforcement  efforts; and  support  for  the  Civil  Rights Act  of 1967. Other

subjects discussed in the records include desegregation of the Boston, MA,

Denver, CO, and Tampa, FL,school districts; public reaction to student busing and other civil rights issues in Cairo, IL; implementation of affirmative

action programs in California universities and at Lockheed Corporation;

proposed legislation such as amendments to the Civil Rights Acts of 1964

and  1968  and  the  Voting  Rights  Acts  of 1965  and  1970; congressional

appropriations bills affecting funding of the Commission; and the resignation  of the  Chairman, Staff Director, and  Commissioners  in  1972. The

records also contain some newspaper clippings and extracts from articles

regarding the Black Panther Party and the Commission’s response to the

shooting  deaths  of party  members  Fred  Hampton  and  Mark  Clark  in

Illinois  in  1969. There  is  also  a  small  amount  of material  related  to  the

donation  of the  papers  of Commissioners  to  the  prospective  Richard  M.

Nixon Presidential Library.

II.207 Records Relating to Studies of Minority Employment and

Participation  in  Federally  Assisted  Job  Training  Programs, 1963 (1  ft.

3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 14

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­453­095­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Employment  Staff Report  (Capt. 3, Pittsburgh)—Reports  Received

(4/29/63)

Scope  and  Content: These  studies  were  conducted  by  the  Commission’s

Employment Section to gather information about minority access and participation in Federally assisted training programs, specifically those under

the Area Redevelopment Act of 1961 (75 Stat. 47), the Manpower

Development  and  Training  Act  of 1962  (76  Stat. 23), and  the  National

Defense Education Act (Title VIII) of 1958 (72 Stat. 1580). They also stud161
 
   

   

     

         

   

   

   

                   

ied  minority  participation  in  jobs  generated  by  certain  Federal  loan  and

grant programs such as the Public Works Acceleration Act of 1962 (76 Stat.

541)  and  the  Small  Business Act  of 1958  (72  Stat. 384). Federal  agencies

were required to collect data on black American participation in jobs that

were, directly  or  indirectly, the  result  of loans  and  grants, detailing  the

number and race of participants in vocational and technical training programs, types of programs offered, and employment figures.

II.208 Congressional  Correspondence  of the  Staff Director, 1968–1976

(1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 20

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­453­095­003]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically.

Scope and Content: These records were created by Staff Directors William

L. Taylor, Howard A. Glickstein (1969–72), and John A. Buggs (confirmed

by  the  Senate  on  June  29, 1972). The  records  consist  of letters  between

Commission  officials  and  members  of the  Senate  and  the  House  of

Representatives. Subjects include appropriations bills affecting funding of

the  Commission; how  Federal  revenue­sharing  funds  might  be  spent  by

state  and  local  governments; support  for  amending  Title  IV  of the  Civil

Rights Act  of 1964; extending  the  Civil  Rights Act  of 1965  and  the  Civil

Rights Act of 1973; and opposition to proposed constitutional amendments

to limit student busing. Other topics concern discriminatory housing practices  at  Northwestern  University, the  status  of Mexican­American  and

American  Indian  students  in  southwestern  states, and  police­community

relations in Los Angeles, CA. The records also include criticism by

Representative Elford Cederberg about a Commission report citing a lack

of Presidential leadership in civil rights enforcement and a number of letters  between  Representative  Henry  B. Gonzalez  and  the  Staff Director

regarding Federal food assistance programs in Texas.

II.209 Records Relating to Special Projects, 1960–1970 (18 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 22

Boxes 1–42 [NN3­453­095­004].

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Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged in three parts: alphabetically by state; alphabetically by surname of correspondent, and by subject.

Files: Alabama SAC (1966)—Michigan State Advisory Committee

Scope and Content: These records appear to have been maintained by Staff

Director  William  L. Taylor  and  his  successor, Howard  A. Glickstein. The

three  principal  projects  present  in  this  series  concern  the  state  advisory

committees (SACs), Mexican Americans, and race and education. The SAC

project  files  contain  minutes  of open  meetings  and  summaries  of closed

meeting held throughout the South from 1965 to 1967 to assess compliance

with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and to

disseminate information about school desegregation. The Mexican

American project was a major project relating to the administration of justice as it affected Mexican Americans in the Southwest, but also addressed

employment and education issues, including complaints of discrimination

against Latino employees at Kelly Air Force Base, TX; a series of walkouts

by  students  in  Los  Angeles, CA, in  March  1968; and  hearings  in  San

Antonio, TX, in  December  1968. The  Race  and  Education  Project  was

undertaken  in  November  1965  in  response  to  a  mandate  from  President

Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate racial isolation in the public schools. The

Commission solicited opinions from administrators, teachers, parents, students, and others. The Commission’s reports, issued in February 1967, recommended several new legislative measures to end all forms of school segregation. Other  records  include  civil  rights­related  studies  conducted  by

Federal agencies, including Department of Defense reports on equal opportunity  housing  in  the  Armed  Forces  and  reports  on  equal  access  to

Department  of Agriculture  farming  programs. There  is  also  a  Federal

Bureau of Investigation report entitled “The Politics of Street Revolution”

dated September 1968 (currently withdrawn); reports regarding the 1965

Watts riots in Los Angeles, CA; and communications with the White House

about the progress of Commission activities and the civil rights agendas of

both President Kennedy and President Johnson.

II.210 Commission Meeting Files, October 1979– September 1981 (6 ft.

1 in.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

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MLR Entry 4

Boxes 1–6 [NN3­453­02­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope and Content: These unprocessed records contain agendas, reports,

minutes, and other background papers from Commission meetings.

II.211 Headquarters Office files, 1978–1981 (21 ft. 4 in.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 5

Boxes 1–21 [NN3­453­02­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope  and  Content: These  unprocessed  records  contain  correspondence

that was sent and received by the office. The files may also contain monthly activity reports that were submitted to document program accomplishments and program issues.

II.212 Government Agency Files, FY 1981 (1 ft.)

Finding Aid; UD­UP

MLR Entry 6

Box 1 [NN3­453­02­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope  and  Content: These  unprocessed  records  contain  correspondence

between the Commission and Federal agencies about a wide variety of subjects that were relevant to its operations or programs. The records may also

contain informational material used by the Commission.

II.213 Transcripts of Commission Meeting Files, 1967–1972 (3 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 7

Boxes 1,2, and 4 [NN3­453­03­001]

Loc: NAII

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Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope and Content: These unprocessed records contain the original transcripts from Commission meetings.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY STAFF DIRECTOR

II.214 The Deputy Staff Director assists the Staff Director with the day­today operations of the Commission and assists with defining and enforcing

policy decisions of the Commission and supervising the conduct of agency

programs.

II.215 Records Relating to Race and Education, 1965–1967 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 16

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­453­095­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Race and Education Conference files(May–Dec. 1967)MCH/Education

Working Papers (1966–67)

Scope and Content: The records relate to the Commission’s activities and

research concerning race and education. Included is information regarding

the  planning  and  preparation  of the  Commission’s  Race  and  Education

Conference held in November 1967. These files consist of requests for conference papers and a selection of submitted papers, edited by the

Commission, entitled “Big  City  School  Desegregation,” “The  Implication

for Educational Policy of Desegregation and Integration in Public Schools,”

and  “School  Desegregation  in  Berkeley.” Other  records  consist  of background research and working papers for the Commission’s race and education report of 1967, including specific information on the St. Louis Area

School  Study  and  the  Banneker  School  Project; a  program  designed  to

improve academic achievement test scores of culturally disadvantaged children; and a request from President Lyndon B. Johnson for the Commission

to  undertake  a  study  of racial  isolation, supplemented  with  related  news

clippings and press releases.

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RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL

II.216 The Office of the General Counsel provides the legal expertise and

activity  required to conduct hearings and  to  ensure the  legal integrity  of

Commission products.

II.217 Records Relating to Police­Community Relations in Urban Areas,

1954–1966 (2 ft. 6 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 13

Boxes 1–6 [NN3­453­095­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Correspondence  (Mr. [Roy]  Littlejohn)—Rules  of Conduct  and

Discipline (Cleveland, OH, police, 1950)

Scope and Content: The records pertain to police­community relations in

various urban areas, documenting incidents of police brutality, false arrests,

police inaction, assault and battery, race relations, and training programs

for police departments.Also included are reports and other records, such as

Detroit’s Citizens Committee for Equal Opportunity report entitled,

“Police, Law Enforcement, and the Detroit Community” (Summer 1965); a

report  from  the  Pennsylvania  Human  Relations  Commission  entitled,

“Status Report on Police Training in Intergroup Relations and Workshops

on Community Responsibility in Race Relations”; and a “Survey of

Minority Group Employment Patterns, City of Minneapolis,” created by the

Mayor’s Commission on Human Relations. Other urban areas documented  in  this  series  include  Canton, OH; Chicago, IL; Cleveland, OH; New

York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; San  Francisco, CA; Savannah, GA; St. Louis,

MO; and Washington, DC. The records document activities and concerns

of organizations such as the Urban League, the Congress of Racial Equality

(CORE), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP), and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) about policecommunity relations.

II.218 Records Relating to Race Relations in Cleveland, Ohio, 1964–1965

(5 ft. 2 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

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MLR Entry 18

Boxes 1–12 [NN3­453­095­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Index: Education—Police­community relations in Cleveland, Ohio

Scope and Content: These records appear to have been collected by General

Counsel Howard A. Glickstein, but Assistant General Counsel Roy

Littlejohn  and  Staff Attorney  Edwin  D. Wolf also  figure  prominently  in

them. Most of the records pertain to education, housing, and police­community relations. The education­related records include attendance,

dropout, and  population  statistics; interviews  with  students, faculty, and

parents  regarding  racial  perceptions; a  confrontation  between  black  and

white  students  at  Collinwood  High  School  in  1966; employment  regulations for faculty; and annual reports from the superintendent of schools.

Housing­related records include interviews with renters and homebuyers

about their experiences and attitudes; data gathered from citizens displaced

by highway construction through a predominantly minority area; detailed

analyses of the root causes of segregated housing in the city; and Cleveland

City  Planning  Commission  reports. Police­community  relations­related

records include interviews with citizens and law enforcement officials about

alleged  mistreatment  of minority  groups  by  police  officers; Cleveland

Police Department annual reports; and publications from other organizations  such  as  the  International  Association  of Chiefs  of Police. Also  discussed in the records is a five­day hearing to collect information on civil

rights issues in the city that was held in April 1966.

II.219 Litigation Files, 1964–1967 (3 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 19

Boxes 1–7 [NN3­453­095­003]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Alabama—Complaints, north and west (1961–63)

Scope  and  Content: These  records  appear  to  have  been  maintained  by

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Elizabeth  R. Cole, Chief of the  Public  Education  Section. Most  of the

records are copies of legal briefs filed with Federal district courts and decisions  rendered  by  those  courts  regarding  alleged  racial  discrimination  in

public schools, mostly in northeastern and southern states. Individual cases

include  Balaban v. Rubin  (New  York  Board  of Education); Brunson v.

Clarendon  County, SC, Board  of Trustees; and Hill v. Prince  George, VA,

School Board. These records also contain information relating to discriminatory voter registration practices and restricted minority access to public

transportation in Alabama, including the cities of Birmingham,

Montgomery, and Selma, and Barbour, Bullock, and Macon Counties.

II.220  Records  Relating  to  a  Study  of the  Desegregation  of Southern

Schools (3 ft.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 21

Boxes 1–7 [NN3­453­095­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: Anniston, AL (interviews)—AFS (American Friends Service

Committee)

Scope and Content: These records were collected byAssistant General Counsel

David H. Marlin in response to the controversy surrounding the acceptance of

freedom of choice desegregation plans by the Department of Health,

Education and Welfare (HEW) during the early 1960s. Segregated school districts were required to submit desegregation plans to HEW’s Commissioner of

Education under the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In

the fall of 1965, the Commission began visiting school districts in southern

and border states to view these plans in action. These school districts were

located in Anniston, AL; Webster and Calhoun Counties, MS; Americus and

Sumter, GA; Charlottesville, VA; Bay County, FL; Lexington and Fayette

Counties, KY; and Pemiscot and Dunklin Counties, MO. The Commission’s

state advisory committees visited an additional 27 communities throughout

the South. During these visits, interviews were held with parents, students,

teachers, school administrators, and prominent local civil rights activists to

gather information about desegregation alternatives,such as offering freedom

of choice, introducing geographically­based school attendance, and closing

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previously black­only schools. These interviews often disclosed the intimidation of black students and parents who enrolled their children in previously

white­only schools. The Commission discontinued the use of freedom of

choice plans because they tended to produce only token desegregation, even

under favorable conditions.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

II.221 The Office of Management Activities provided budget and finance,

and human resources development support services for the Commission.

This office was later combined with several other offices to form the Office

of Management.

II.222 Monthly Activity Reports, 1967–1977 (5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 15

Box 1 [NN3­453­095­002]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged in reverse chronological order.

Scope and Content: These records relate to the administrative duties of the

Director of the Office of Management Activities, Bert Silver. The final draft

of each  monthly  report  was  compiled  by  Silver  upon  receipt  of activity

reports from various divisions within the Office of Management Activities.

Included  also  are  some  earlier  biweekly  activity  reports  and  a  statement

from the Acting Staff Director, Howard A. Glickstein, concluding that the

biweekly  reports  served  no  further  useful  purpose. Subjects  covered  by

these  records  are  monthly  and  fiscal  planning; congressional  appropriations; Commission  allocations; brief narrative  updates  concerning  the

preparation  of employee  development  studies; and  other  administrative,

personnel, and publication­related issues.

RECORDS OF THE LIAISON AND INFORMATION OFFICE

II.223 The Liaison and Information Office served as the public voice of the
 

Commission  and  ensured  that  the  activities  and  the  publications  of the
 

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Commission were known to the American people. The Office coordinated

and carried out activities such as briefing reporters and the

Commissioners on civil rights issues, holding press conferences, issuing

press releases, arranging interviews with the Commissioners; and monitoring press activity regarding the Commission and civil rights issues. It

also responded to public inquires and sent representatives to meetings of

civil rights organizations. The Office was later renamed the Public Affairs

Unit.

II.224 Records Relating to Conferences, 1961–1965 (2 ft. 6 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 6

Boxes 1–6 [NN3­453­095­007]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope and Content:  The records relate to the National Conference on

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, sponsored by the U.S.

Commission on Civil Rights, which was convened on January 28, 1965, in

Washington, DC, to analyze the accessibility of equal opportunity in

Federally assisted programs. Conference attendees represented Federal

Government agencies, states, civic and civil rights organizations, and

labor and religious groups. These files also include the keynote address of

Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and remarks of other conference

speakers given at the conference. Additional documented conferences are

the state advisory committees (SAC) conference held in Washington, DC,

June 27–28, 1964, and the National Intergroup Relations Officials

(NAIRO) conference that was concerned with public policy matters.

Other records include a SAC study on de facto public school segregation

in northern and western states; a SAC study on Pine Bluff, AR; and access

to and participation of blacks in Federally assisted retraining programs

under the Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA) and the

Area Redevelopment Act (ARA). Also contained in the files are congressional inquiries; weekly activity reports; a community survey on

Savannah, GA; a copy of “Service for All Citizens”; a pamphlet outlining

the public accommodations sections of the civil rights bill;  an equal

employment opportunity conference paper, “Developing the Facts in

Discrimination Cases”; and an analytical study, “The Image of a

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Promotable Person in Business Enterprise,” conducted by New York

University.

RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF FEDERAL
 

CIVIL RIGHTS EVALUATION
 

II.225 The Office of Federal Civil Rights Evaluation provided the subject

matter, and the critical, and analytical expertise required to research and

write evaluations of civil rights issues. The Office monitored the activities

of numerous Federal agencies as well as national and regional civil rights

trends. This Office developed project proposals based on information gathered, carried out projects, and responded to inquiries from the public and

the Commissioners. It also received,researched, analyzed, and recommended resolutions for civil rights complaints. The office was later renamed the

Office of Civil Rights Evaluation.

II.226 Monitoring Files, 1977–1980 (3 ft. 9 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 3

Boxes 1–9 [NN3­453­095­007]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope  and  Content: The  records  contain  comments  and  responses  to

Commission  inquiries  during  the  course  of its  work  appraising  Federal

laws, policies, and  regulations  to  assist  Federal  agencies, private  citizens,

and  civil  rights  organizations  with  eliminating  discrimination  against

minorities and women. There are references to the Bakke court case that

alleged reverse discrimination and guidelines on combating discrimination

because of religion or national origin,sex discrimination and sexual harassment, processing handicap complaints, and fair housing. Other topics covered by the records are the work of the President’s Reorganization

Committee, a Federal program for increasing Federal deposits in minority

banks, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the collection of census data on

the Latino population, and Civil Service reform. Included is a copy of the

report “Last Hired, First Fired: Layoffs and Civil Rights” (1977).

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RECORDS OF THE FEDERAL PROGRAMS DIVISION

II.227 Records  Relating  to  Equal  Protection  and  the Administration  of

Justice, 1961–1965 (5 ft. 6 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 4

Boxes 1–9 [NN3­453­095­007]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Scope and Content: The records pertain to various Commission studies to

appraise policies and regulations as applied in programs administered by

Federal agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in ways that

allegedly provided racially discriminatory services to black rural and farm

residents  by  denying  them  equal  protection  under  Federal  laws  and  the

Constitution. They also document investigations of the administration of

justice  regarding  civil  rights  violations, equal  opportunities, and  housing

and racial discrimination complaints of black Americans. For instance, the

records  contain  recommendations  for  providing  food  to  starving  black

families in Dallas County,AL, whose relatives were dismissed from jobs due

to participation in the Selma civil rights marches and to those evicted from

their homes in Fayette and Haywood, TN, who were residing in “tent cities.”

The files contain a Commission progress report, “Black Belt Study” which

analyzed  racial  conditions  in  Gadsden  County, FL, and  detailed  field

reports on black voter registration difficulties and intimidation tactics used

by  white  citizens’ councils  and  others  in  certain  Mississippi, Tennessee,

Louisiana, Georgia, and North Carolina counties. The 1960 field report on

Mississippi notes the assistance of Medgar Evers, a Mississippi NAACP field

representative, who suggested local community persons for the

Commission staff to interview. Evers was later assassinated in front of his

home in 1963. Other topics relate to Commission hearings on civil rights

held in Indianapolis, IN, and Memphis, TN; school desegregation at military installations; minority access to Federally assisted employment training programs; and urban renewal. Included also are copies of the reports

“The Future Role of Negroes in American Agriculture” and “Cabinet Paper

on Civil Rights” and a Defense Department study, “The Services and Their

Relations with the Community.”

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II.228 Records  of Commission  Hearings  and  Studies, 1965–1966 (3  ft.

5 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 5

Boxes 1–8 [NN3­453­095­007]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged  by  an  unidentified  alphanumeric  filing  scheme

(PPJ­3 to PPJ­17).

Scope  and  Content: The  records  contain  the  background  papers  and

reports of a Commission hearing held in Cleveland, OH, in April 1966. This

hearing, which produced the bulk of the records in this series, was held to

ascertain any civil rights or racial discrimination problems encountered by

blacks in the areas of education, employment, health and welfare, housing,

or  police­community  relations. At  the  conclusion  of the  hearing, the

Commission appointed a subcommittee to the Ohio State Advisory

Committee to serve as a continuing forum through which suggestions and

solutions  to  civil  rights  problems  affecting  the  community  could  be  the

subject of additional hearings. The Cleveland hearing files include reports

such as “Cleveland: Its Population,” “Demographic Characteristics of

Cleveland,” and “Cleveland’s Unfinished Business in Its Inner City.” Other

records pertain to hearings or studies on Baltimore, MD; Cincinnati, OH;

Philadelphia, PA; Oak Ridge, TN; and the State of Alabama. Included also

are reports on the availability to black patients of medical and hospital care

in  Chicago, IL; study  material  on  the  race  and  education  project; and

numerous reports of the White House Conference “To Fulfill These Rights”

(November 17–18, 1965) concerning black families. These reports pertain

to topics such as “Federal Programs and the Housing Problems of Negroes,”

“Racial Discrimination in Health Services, Facilities, and Programs,” “Job

Training and Economic Security,” and “Voting and Citizenship

Participation.”

II.229 Chronological Files, February 1964–December 1965 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 7

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­453­095­007]

Loc: NAII

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Arrangement: Arranged chronologically by date.

Scope and Content: These records are the green carbon copy reading files

of the Division that summarize studies, field trips, meetings, and conferences  or  conversations  pertaining  to  the  civil  rights  of black  Americans.

Some of the records were created by the Liaison and Information Division.

The bulk of the records concern agricultural­related matters such as reports

of discrimination problems with Federal Extension Service programs and

Federal farmer loan lending discrepancies. They document interviews with

white  and  black  farmers  about  Federal  farm  programs  and  extension

agents’ work, and the desegregation of Federally assisted youth organizations such as 4­H Clubs and Future Farmers and Future Homemakers of

America. Other topics pertain to an examination of Title VI implications of

the  National  School  Lunch  Act  of 1946; a  1961  report  on  employment

problems  areas; the  report, “Civil  Rights  Protected  by  Existing  Federal

Orders, Regulations, and Statutes”; a community survey of Pine Bluff, AR;

and a study of county agents’ reports in Shelby County, TN. Also included

are  summaries  of Extension  Service  personnel  interviews  on  providing

equal services, interstate transportation discrimination allegations,

Division  employment  opportunities, the  21st  Annual  Institute  of Race

Relations at Fisk University, and a review of compliance statements.

II.230 Field Investigation Reports, 1962–1965 (1 ft. 3 in.)

Finding Aid: NARS­A1

MLR Entry 17

Boxes 1–3 [NN3­453­095­004]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Arranged by subject.

Files: St. Augustine, FL (file 63­1)—Samuel v. Perry (July 1963)

Scope and Content: The records relate to various civil rights­related interviews, background investigations, and surveys conducted by Commission

investigators Ivan E. Levin and Robert H. Amidon. These reports pertain to

racial situations, race relations, and reported incidents of race­related violence  in  St. Augustine, FL; Pittsburgh, PA  and  Mississippi. Included  are

interviews  with  city  commissioners; officials  from  religious, education,

employment, and  minority  organizations; law  enforcement  officials; and

the general public. Other records consist of civil rights­related background

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research for the preparation of the St. Augustine, FL, quadricentennial celebration, supplemented with related news clippings and press releases.

RECORDS OF THE CLEARINGHOUSE DIVISION

II.231 This Division managed the Commission’s information resources and

library and served as the clearinghouse for information on civil rights. The

office also responded to requests from the public for copies of Commission

publications.

II.232 Publications of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1993–1995

(1 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 1

Box 1 [NN3­453­00­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope  and  Content: These  unprocessed  publications  were  printed  by  the

Government Printing Office and the Commission. The records consist of

four statutory and interim reports that resulted from studies, surveys, and

complaint investigations; one Clearinghouse report; one consultation

report; one miscellaneous report; and 18 state advisory committee (SAC)

reports.

II.233 Miscellaneous  Records  of the  U.S. Commission  on  Civil  Rights,

1957–1969 (9 ft. 1 in.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 2

Boxes 1–9 [NN3­453­96­001]

Loc: NAII 

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope and Content: These unprocessed U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

records  should  become  five  individual  series  when  archival  processing

occurs. The  unprocessed  records  contain  newspaper  clippings  relating  to

the  integration  of the  University  of Mississippi  and  attendance  of James

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Meredith (the first black American admitted to that university); verbatim

transcripts of the Commission’s conference “Equal Educational

Opportunity  in  America’s  Cities: Problems  and  Programs  for  Change,”

which was held in Washington, DC, on November 11, 1967; and information about the Voting Rights Act of 1965, an analysis of voting practices and

procedures of southern states, and reports of staff attorneys who traveled to

nine counties in Mississippi to speak with Federal voting examiners. Other

topics  covered  by  the  records  pertain  to  hearings  that  were  held  in

Rochester and Syracuse, NY; Boston, MA; California; and Mississippi about

the negative impact of school segregation and the advantages of busing students in order to integrate public schools, and the annual program reviews

under Title VI, which required all programs receiving Federal assistance be

administered without discrimination.

II.234 Publications of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (4 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 3

Boxes 1–4 [NN3­453­97­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged.

Scope  and  Content: These  unprocessed  publications  were  printed  by  the

Government Printing Office and the Commission and should be arranged

with the other unprocessed publications described under Entry 1 for RG

453 during archival processing. The records consist of statutory and interim  reports; reports  from  hearings, consultants, and  conferences; staff

reports; miscellaneous reports; and state advisory committee reports. Some

of the statutory and interim reports include topics such as “Prospects and

Impact of Losing State and Local Agencies from the Federal Fair Housing

System,” “The Decline of Black Farming in America,” “Voting Rights Act:

Unfulfilled  Goals,” “Who  is  Guarding  the  Guardians?” “Report  on  Police

Practices,” “Desegregation  of the  Nation’s  Public  Schools: Status  Report,”

and “Twenty Years after Brown.” Other titles include publications such as

“Intimidation  and  Violence: Racial  and  Religious  Bigotry  in  America,”

“Federal Enforcement of Equal Employment Requirements,” “New

Evidence on School Desegregation,” “The Economic Progress of Black Men

in  America,” and  “The  Equal  Rights  Amendment: Guaranteeing  Equal

Rights  for Women  under  the  Constitution.” There  are  also  transcripts  of

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Commission hearings, consultations, and conferences held on topics such

as “Racial and Ethnic Tensions in American Communities: Poverty,

Inequality, and Discrimination—A National Perspective,” “The Validity of

Testing  in  Education  and  Employment,” “Changing  Perspectives  on  Civil

Rights,” and “Issues  in  Housing  Discrimination.” Staff reports  pertain  to

“Bigotry  and Violence  on  American  College  Campuses,” “The  Economic

Status of Black Women: An Exploratory Investigation,”“Police­Community

Relations in San Jose,” and SAC reports.

Record Group 527
 

Records of the United States Marshals Service
 

II.235 The United States Marshals Service was established under the supervision of the Attorney General by the Judiciary Act of 1789 (1 Stat. 73) on

September  24, 1789. Each  Federal  judicial  district  is  authorized  one  U.S.

attorney and one U.S. marshal. U.S. attorneys prosecute criminal cases in

U.S. district courts,serve as attorneys for the United States in civil suits, and

perform legal investigations. U.S. marshals serve as officers of the U.S. district courts.

II.236 United States Marshals Service Sound Recordings, Transcripts and

Other  Paper  Documents  Relating  to  the  Integration  of Ole  Miss, 1985 

(2 ft.)

Finding Aid: UD­UP

MLR Entry 1

Boxes 3–4 [NN3­527­03­001]

Loc: NAII

Arrangement: Unarranged (Unprocessed series).

Scope  and  Content: The  records  of the  United  States  Marshals  Service

(USMS) concern the service operations of U.S. marshals in the desegregation of the University of Mississippi in Oxford, upon the arrival of James

Meredith in September of 1962. The records include President Kennedy’s

Executive Order to send in Federal marshals, security strategies for the protection of Meredith, accounts of the marshals’ conduct at the resulting riot

in Oxford, logs for arms used in the riot, shift reports of marshals protecting Meredith, and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and USMS reports

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on the riot situation. Also included are transcripts of phone conversations

between Robert F. Kennedy and the Governor of Mississippi, Ross Robert

Barnett, concerning the Oxford situation.

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PART III: Records in the Center for

Legislative Affairs

Record Group 46
 

Records of the U.S. Senate
 

Record Group 233
 

Records of the U.S. House of Representatives
 

III.1 Through its role in the consideration and passage of legislation, the

United States Congress was a significant battleground in the Civil Rights

Movement. Many sources of legislative history—including hearings,

reports, floor speeches, and voting records—are available in Record Group

287  (Publications  of the  U.S. Government)  and  at  Federal  depository

libraries across the nation. The Center for Legislative Archives, which is the

repository of the official records of the standing, special, select, and joint

committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate, holds additional unpublished items that may be of interest to researchers of civil rights

history.

III.2 The  original  documents  in  Record  Group  233  (Records  of the  U.S.

House  of Representatives)  and  Record  Group  46  (Records  of the  U.S.

Senate) include information on specific bills, committee papers, and petitions sent to committees, as well as various administrative and procedural

records. Access to these records is currently governed by Senate Resolution

474, from the 96th Congress, and House Rule VII. These rules stipulate that

most House records remain closed for 30 years, with investigative records

and  records  involving  personal  privacy  closed  for  50  years; most  Senate

records remain closed for 20 years, with a similar 50­year closure period for

sensitive records.

III.3 Most of the material in RG 233 and RG 46 is arranged according to the

two­year Congress under which the document was considered and thereunder by the committee of jurisdiction. Knowing the legislative history of

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a bill, including the bill number and committee and subcommittee of reference, is the first step in locating related documents. In most cases, civil

rights  legislation  proceeded  through  the  House  and  Senate  Judiciary

Committees. However, other committees, including the House Rules

Committee, also had opportunities to exercise their influence.

III.4 Records on a particular subject might be found in any or all of three

series, including: Papers  Accompanying  Specific  Bills  and  Resolutions;

Committee Papers; and Petitions and Memorials. The “Papers

Accompanying  Specific  Bills  and  Resolutions” series, also  known  as “Bill

Files” or “Accompanying Papers Files,” is arranged by committee and thereunder  by  bill  number. The  bill  files  may  include  file  copies, reports,

markups, and  amendments  detailing  the  specific  path  of the  legislation

through the chamber. In some cases these files also contain committee roll

calls, requests  to  testify, and  newspaper  clippings  (SEN86A­E12, HR85AD10). Researchers should note that bill files may exist not only for the bill

that passed, but also for alternative bills introduced and considered. For

example, during the February 1957 House Judiciary Committee hearings

regarding the Civil Rights Act passed later that year, the Committee replaced

HR2145 with HR6127. The corresponding records from the House Judiciary

Committee for the 85th Congress include four folders on HR2145 and three

folders on HR6127 (HR85A­D10). The House Judiciary Committee papers

for the 89th Congress contain a similar split with records concerning the

Voting Rights Act of 1965, with approximately four boxes of material in the

files for HR6400 and three folders concerning S1564.

III.5 Letters  from  the  public  to  the  committees  may  be  included  in  the

Committee Papers series or in a separate Petitions and Memorials series.

The records of the House Judiciary Committee for the 88th Congress, for

example, include two boxes containing petitions favoring civil rights legislation and picturing Congressman William L. Dawson (D­IL). The other

two boxes contain 17 folders against the act and in favor of a national referendum on its contents, as proposed by Congressman Gillis W. Long (DLA). In addition,some petitions related to civil rights are intermingled with

petitions pertaining to other issues within the jurisdiction of the

Committee. In  the  box  of various  petitions  sent  to  the  Senate  Judiciary

Committee during the 86th Congress is a January 7, 1960, petition from the

Afro­American Congress of Christian Organizations calling for action after

murders in Mississippi (SEN86A­J12).

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III.6 In addition to committee records, the administrative and procedural

records of the Senate and House of Representatives are an important part

of the history of civil rights legislation. These records reflect the extent to

which supporters and opponents of the Civil Rights Movement in Congress

attempted  to  utilize  legislative  rules  and  procedure  to  promote  or  delay

action. Compiled by the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate,

these records include the original tally sheets for roll call votes, discharge

petitions in the House, and cloture petitions in the Senate.

III.7 Article 1, Section 5, of the Constitution stipulates that “the Yeas and

Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of

one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.”The House and Senate

Journals, available at the National Archives and many depository libraries,

allow researchers to determine how individual members voted on a particular bill, amendment, or procedural matter and provide the vote totals. The

original tally sheets are housed in the Center for Legislative Archives.

III.8 On a few occasions during the Civil Rights Movement, proponents of

civil rights attempted to wrest control from recalcitrant committees

through the use of discharge petitions. Any member of the House may file

a motion to discharge a committee from further consideration of a particular bill if the committee of reference has not reported a bill within a set

amount of time. The House Rules Committee may also be discharged if it

fails to report a rule governing the consideration of a bill by the House. A

successful discharge petition must contain the signatures of a majority of

the members of the House, although a committee may relent as the number of signatures climbs to avoid being overpowered. One example of a discharge  petition  is  the  December  9, 1963, attempt  initiated  by  Judiciary

Committee Chairman Emanuel Celler to discharge the Rules Committee,

led  by  Chairman  Howard  Smith  (D­VA), from  consideration  of House

Resolution  574, “A  resolution  providing  for  the  consideration  of the  bill

HR7152.” Prior to a rule change in the 103rd Congress (1993–94), the identity of petition signers was not public information, making these records a

unique source of this information. These documents are housed within the

records of the Office of the Journal Clerk.

III.9 In the Senate, fewer limits on debate have at times led to filibusters by

opponents  of particular  bills. Filibusters  were  frequently  employed  by

opponents of civil rights legislation and presented a significant obstacle to

passage. Senator Strom Thurmond of South Carolina, for example, earned

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the record for the longest speech when he spoke for 24 hours and 18 minutes filibustering the 1957 Civil Rights Act. To stop these delays, supporters

of the legislation must employ cloture to cut off debate. This is begun when

Senators  gather  a  minimum  of 16  signatures  on  a  cloture  petition. After

waiting until the second calendar day in which the Senate is in session, the

chamber votes on whether or not to approve cloture. Cloture was considered on a number of occasions during the civil rights era. The Center for

Legislative Archives holds the original signed cloture petition asking for an

end to the filibuster over the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (SEN88A­M5) and the

roll call vote taken on approving cloture (SEN88A­M1).

III.10 Finally, messages  from  the  President  of the  United  States  to  the

House and Senate provide information on the influence of the executive on

congressional action on civil rights issues. These messages are printed in a

number of sources, including the Congressional Record, the Serial Set, and,

since 1965, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. The original

messages  with  the  President’s  signature  are  located  in  the  Center  for

Legislative Archives. Messages to the House are often found in the Records

of the  Office  of the  Clerk, while  messages  to  the  Senate  are  more  likely

found  in  the  committee  papers. Presidential  messages  concerning  civil

rights were transmitted by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 10,

1957, and  February  5, 1959. President  John  F. Kennedy  addressed  civil

rights legislation in messages on February 28 and June 19, 1963. President

Lyndon  B. Johnson  used  his  first  address  to  Congress  after  President

Kennedy’s  assassination  to  call  for  the  passage  of the  Civil  Rights Act  to

honor his predecessor’s legacy. He returned to this issue in his first State of

the Union address on January 8, 1964, and again on March 15, 1965.

SURVEY OF DOCUMENTS

III.11 The following survey, intended to provide examples of the types of

original  documents  in  the  Center  for  Legislative  Archives, details  items

related  to  specific  pieces  of legislation. Additional  items  may  exist. File

codes that begin with HR are located within Record Group 233, Records of

the U.S. House of Representatives. File codes that begin with SEN are located within Record Group 46, Records of the U.S. Senate.

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III.12 Civil Rights Act of 1957

1. HR85A­D10: House Judiciary Committee; Box 300 contains 4 folders on

HR2145 including telegrams, correspondence from the Attorney General of

Florida, general  correspondence, requests  to  testify, and  newspaper  clippings. Box 318 contains 3 folders on HR6127, including copies of bills and

letters.

2. HR85A­J10.1: Petitions to the House Judiciary Committee; The petitions

in this series touch on a number of subjects in the jurisdiction of the

Committee, including civil rights. A petition from Durham, NC, expresses

opposition to trial­by­jury for those accused of obstructing voter registration.

3. HR85A­K3: House roll call tally sheets, roll call 112 on recommitting the

bill and roll call 113 on final passage.

4. HR85C­B1.7: President Eisenhower’s State of the Union message,

January 10, 1957.

5. SEN85A­E11: Committee on the Judiciary; 2 folders on S.83 include file

copies of the bill, an amendment, and limited correspondence. Folders for

numerous other bills introduced during the civil rights debate, including S.

427, S. 428, S.429, and  S.1735, include  copies  of the  bills  referred  to  the

Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights.

III.13 Civil Rights Act of 1960

1. HR86A­D8: Papers Accompanying Specific Bills and Resolutions; Judiciary

Committee; 4 folders include copies of HR8601, correspondence to Chairman

Emanuel Celler (D­NY), and copies of outgoing correspondence.

2. HR86A­K1: Bound volume of discharge petitions, including a petition

submitted by Chairman Celler to discharge the Committee on Rules from

consideration of House Resolution 359, providing for the consideration of

HR8601.

3. HR86C­B1.6: Eisenhower message of February 5, 1959.

4. SEN86A­E12: Committee on the Judiciary, Papers Accompanying

Specific  Bills  and  Resolutions: Box  77; 3  folders  under  HR8601; these

include  file  copies, markups, amendments, limited  correspondence, and

Committee roll calls.

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5. SEN86A­F12: Committee Papers:

Box 1: February 5, 1959, Eisenhower message in which he states that “every

individual regardless of his race, religion, or national origin is entitled to

protection of the laws” before making recommendation for legislation to

further such protection.

Box  29: Proposed  Legislation  files; Folder  containing  Numbers  34­37

includes a letter from the Attorney General transmitting the text of four of

the seven legislative proposals that the President Eisenhower outlined in his

address.

6. SEN86A­J12: Petitions  and  Memorials: 1  box  of various  petitions,

including  a  January  7, 1960, letter  from  the  Afro­American  Congress  of

Christian Organizations calling for urgent action after a wave of terror in

Mississippi.

7. SEN86A­M1: Roll call tally sheets.

III.14 Civil Rights Act of 1964

1. Presidential messages of February 28, 1963; June 19, 1963; November 27,

1963; and January 8, 1964: House copies located in Office of the Journal

Clerk. Senate  copy  of February  28  and  June  19  speeches  by  President

Kennedy located in SEN88A­F12, Records of the Judiciary Committee.

2. House  Petitions: “Judiciary  Committee  Civil  Rights  Legislation, 88th

Congress”: 15 folders (two boxes) containing Chicago petitions in favor of

the  legislation  and  containing  the  picture  of Congressman  William  L.

Dawson (D­IL). Two additional boxes contain 17 folders against the act and

in favor of a national referendum on the Civil Rights Act, as proposed by

Congressman Gillis W. Long (D­LA).

3. House Office of the Journal Clerk: Motion by Chairman Emanuel Celler

(D­NY)  to  discharge  Committee  on  Rules  from  consideration  of House

Resolution 574, “A resolution providing for the consideration of the bill HR

7152,” December 9, 1963.

4. House Reading Clerk: Box of “Prints of bills and resolutions,” contains

the reading copy of the bill and a title by title list of amendments indicating sponsor and status.

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5. SEN88A­M1: Senate roll call vote tally of June 10, 1964, on cloture and

on June 19, 1964, vote for final passage.

6. SEN88A­M5: A cloture petition with signatures.

III.15 Voting Rights Act of 1965

1. Presidential Message of March 15, 1965: House version, Records of the

Journal Clerk, Presidential Messages (T­W). Senate version, SEN89A­E12,

Judiciary Committee, S. 1564.

2. House Committee papers: Legislative files: Senate Bills, Box 190, S.1564,

3  folders  (limited  correspondence; copies  of bills); also  see  HR6400  for

approximately four boxes of bill copies, invitations to testify, letters from

the public, and limited internal correspondence.

3. House Office of the Bill Clerk: roll call tally sheets.

4. SEN89A­E12: Senate  Judiciary  Committee  Papers: S.1564, correspondence.

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PART IV: Records in the 

Office of Regional Archives Services

NARA—PACIFIC ALASKA REGION (SEATTLE)

Record Group 21
 

Records of District Courts of the United States
 

IV.1 Records of the U.S. District Court of Washington

Records of the District of Washington,Western District, Northern Division,

Seattle

Criminal Case Files

Case  File: Criminal  45738—United  States v. Gordon  Kiyoshi  Hirobayashi

(320 U.S. 81)

Description: In 1942 Gordon Hirobayashi, a University of Washington student, deliberately  violated  the  curfew  provision  of Public  Proclamation

Number  3  issued  by  the  Military  Commander  of the  Western  Defense

Command  and  turned  himself in  to  the  Federal  Bureau  of Investigation

(FBI). His  purpose  was  to  prove, in  court, that  the  exclusion  order  was

unconstitutional, being in violation of the Fifth Amendment and of Article

4, section 2, clause 1 of the Constitution. He was convicted, appealed, and

eventually  the  Supreme  Court  affirmed  his  conviction. In  1986, Judge

Donald Voorhees of the Western District of Washington reversed the 1942

Hirobayashi conviction after a full hearing in Seattle on a 1983 petition to

overturn  the  conviction, dismiss  the  charges, and  hold  a  hearing  on  the

issue of government misconduct.

IV.2 Records of the U.S. District Court of Oregon

Criminal Case Files

Case  File: Criminal  16056—  Judgment  Roll  22771  and  22775—United

States v. Minoru Yasui

Description: In a similar case to Hirobayashi, Minoru Yasui tried to prove

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that the President’s evacuation order (Executive Order 9066) and the relocation of Japanese and Japanese­American citizens from the west coast into

relocation  camps  was  unconstitutional. Although  American  born, Yasui,

because he had visited grandparents in Japan at the age of nine, had attended Japanese language school in the United States, and had been employed

by the Japanese Consulate in Chicago (having thereby to register with the

State Department as an agent for a foreign power), had, in the opinion of

Judge Fee, “Made an election and chose allegiance to the Emperor of Japan,

rather than citizenship in the United States at his majority.” The case was

appealed and the Supreme Court sustained the conviction but ordered the

Oregon court to “strike its findings as to appellant’s loss of United States

citizenship.” The Yasui case contains Judge Fee’s opinion. The Hirobayashi

file contains a transcript of record which was filed when the case went to

the Circuit Court of Appeals.

IV.3 Records of the U.S. District Court of Washington

Records of the District of Washington,Western District, Northern Division,

Seattle

Civil Case Files

Case File: Civil case 5598—Lawrence W. Baggett, et al. v. Dorothy Bullitt, et

al.

This  case  is  a  class  action  suit  involving  First  Amendment  freedoms. In

1962, 64  University  of Washington  faculty  members  brought  suit  against

the university’s board of regents. Professor Baggett was first on the list and

Dorothy Bullitt was chair of the board of regents. At issue were the loyalty

oaths required of all teachers under a Washington law of 1931 and of all

State  employees  under  the  Washington  State  Subversive  Activities  Act  of

1951. Plaintiffs contended that the requirement violated the rights guaranteed by the 14th Amendment and through it the First Amendment.A threejudge panel of the district court upheld the constitutionality of the loyalty

oath, and the plaintiffs appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court

ruled 7–2 that “ the State may not require one to choose between subscribing to an unduly vague and broad oath, thereby incurring the likelihood of

prosecution, and conscientiously refusing to take the oath with the consequent loss of employment, and perhaps profession, particularly where ‘free

dissemination of ideas may be the loser.’” This decision served as a precedent under which the loyalty oaths of Arizona and several other states were

subsequently struck down. The five inches of records in the case file include

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the plaintiffs’ exhibits: correspondence, University of Washington Faculty

Handbook, copies  of the  oaths, and  two  volumes  of the  reports  of the

Canwell Committee of the Washington State Legislature on “Un­American

Activities in Washington State” for 1948. The Canwell Committee had conducted hearings at the University of Washington.

IV.4 Records of the U.S. District Court of Washington

Records of the District of Washington,Western District, Northern Division,

Seattle

Criminal Case Files

Case  File: Criminal  48563—United  States v. Henry  P. Huff, John  Shields

Dashbach, et al.

According  to  the  Annual  Report  of the  Attorney  General  for  1953, “the

Criminal Division received and processed during the year 18,361 new cases

relating to internal security. Eighteen Communist Party functionaries, representing the top­level leadership in Missouri, Michigan, and Washington

were  indicted  and  charged  with  conspiracy  to  violate  the  Smith  Act  by

advocating and teaching the overthrow of the United States Government by

force  and  violence  and  organizing  the  Communist  Party, USA, for  that

Purpose.” Henry Huff and six other defendants were indicted by attorney

John Coughlan, and were convicted. The conviction was reversed on appeal

to  the  Ninth  Circuit  because  by  that  time  the  Smith Act  had  been  ruled

unconstitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court. The  defense  charged  that  the

Smith Act “is on its face unconstitutional, as it abridges freedom of speech

and of the press, and the right of people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances, all in violation of the First

Amendment”; that it violates the Fifth Amendment by depriving persons of

liberty  without  due  process  of law; that  it  violates  the  Ninth  and  Tenth

Amendments because it “purports to exercise powers not delegated to the

United States by the Constitution but reserved thereby to the people of the

United States”; and that it constitutes a bill of attainder.

The case files (1 cubic ft.) include the transcript of record on appeal and

many exhibits, including newspaper clippings and political campaign literature. It was stated that the foreman of the grand jury was reported in the

press to have been “a major contributor to the political campaign of Henry

Jackson, a Democrat, for U.S. Senate.” It was suggested that the jury lists had

been tampered with as a high percentage of the jurors “belong to the employ189
 
                             

                       

                   

     

       

   

   

     

             

   

     

     

   

er class . . . and live in high income areas where illegal restrictive covenants are

systemically practiced.” It was also charged that the defendants’ right to a fair

trial was impaired by the virulent pre­trial publicity the case received in connection with the 1952 election. Many examples of this are included.

Record Group 403
 

Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
 

IV.5 Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC),

Seattle District Office

The series Landmark Plaintiff Case Files consists of the plaintiff case files

for  the  landmark  case EEOC v. Ironworkers  Local  86, et  al., in  which  the

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) sued labor unions

over the unions’ failure to include minorities in their apprenticeship programs. The  labor  unions  cited  as  defendants  in  this  discrimination  suit

included  International  Brotherhood  of Electrical  Workers  (IBEW)  Local

46, Plumbers Local 32, Ironworkers Local 86, Sheet Metal Workers Local 99,

and Operating Engineers Local 302. The records in this series include correspondence, memorandums, personnel  files, eligibility  lists, depositions,

and statistical information. Material is subject to screening.

NARA—SOUTHEAST REGION (ATLANTA)

Record Group 21
 

Records of District Courts of the United States
 

IV.6 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia,

Atlanta Division

Case File: Civil 6298—Vivian Calhoun, et al. v. A. C. Latimer, et al. (1958)

In 1958 the case of Vivian Calhoun, et al. v. A. C. Latimer, et al. was filed in

the U.S. district court in Atlanta, GA, by ten Atlanta public school parents,

with the assistance of Thurgood Marshall and Constance Baker Motley of

the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. They charged that the public schools of

Atlanta failed to follow the U.S. Supreme Court’s order to desegregate the

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public schools as directed in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education

of Topeka, Kansas. They  further  charged  that  the  operation  of the  public

school system on a racially segregated basis deprived the minor plaintiffs

and  other  minor  Negro  pupils  similarly  situated  of equal  educational

opportunities in violation of rights secured to them by the equal protection

clause  of the  14th  Amendment. The  court  ruled  that  the  Atlanta  Public

Schools were segregated, that discrimination should cease, and that compulsory  segregation  should  no  longer  be  enforced  in  the  Atlanta  Public

Schools. To ensure compliance, the court also ordered that a desegregation

plan be filed within a reasonable time.

IV.7 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia,

Atlanta Division

Case File: Civil 4355—Horace T. Ward v. Regents of the University System of

Georgia, et al. (1951)

On September 29, 1950, Horace T.Ward applied for admission to the School

of Law of the University of Georgia. He had previously earned an undergraduate degree from Morehouse College in Atlanta and a master’s degree in

political science from Atlanta University. His application was not handled in

the usual manner, and in June of 1951, after a number of delays and correspondence,Walter N. Danner, Registrar of the University of Georgia, advised

Ward that his application had been denied. Ward was later advised that the

board of regents had adopted new procedures governing admission to the

School  of Law  and  that  his  application  would  be  subject  to  those  procedures. Among the requirements was that the student provide personal recommendations from alumni, including one from the judge of the superior

court  in  the  applicant’s  judicial  circuit. These  requirements  effectively

blocked Ward’s entrance to the University of Georgia. In 1951 Ward filed a

suit in Federal court charging that the University of Georgia violated his

rights under the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. He was then drafted into military service, and his case was deferred until his return. In 1957,

Judge Hooper dismissed the case based on Ward’s enrollment in

Northwestern  University’s  law  school  subsequent  to  filing  his  complaint.

The court concluded that Ward’s new status as a transfer student invalidated his initial application to the University of Georgia.

IV.8 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia,

Atlanta Division

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Case  File: Civil  9028—George  Willis, Jr., Woodrow  T. Lewis  and  Albert  L.

Dunn v. the Pickrick, a Corporation, and Lester G. Maddox (1964)

In 1964 George Willis, Jr., Woodrow T. Lewis, and Albert L. Dunn filed suit

against  the  Pickrick  Restaurant  in  Atlanta, GA, and  Lester  Maddox, its

owner. They sought an injunction restraining the defendant from continuing the practice of refusing service to Negroes. Maddox, who later became

Governor of Georgia, was ordered to desegregate the restaurant. He chose

to close his restaurant rather than serve blacks.

IV.9 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia,

Savannah Division

Case File: Civil 482­233—Georgia State Conference of Branches of NAACP, et

al. v. State of Georgia, et al. (1982)

This case relates to the assignment of black school children in Georgia to

disproportionately black classes resulting from the operation of intentional racial discrimination rather than a racially neutral criterion such as ability or achievement. The plaintiffs alleged that black school children were

erroneously classified as educable mentally retarded as a means of removing them from normal classrooms or excluding them from programs for

specific learning disabled children.

IV.10 Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of

Georgia, Atlanta Division

Case File: Civil 16708—Emma Armour, et al. v. Jack P. Nix, Superintendent

and State Board of Education of Georgia, et al. (1972)

This case was filed in 1972 by the parents of black children who attended

the City of Atlanta’s public schools in an attempt to eliminate the school

boards’ district or boundary lines. These lines prevented the integration of

public schools on a metropolitan basis and excluded black children from

educational resources, facilities, and opportunities which otherwise would

be  available  except  for  the  separate  school  systems. The  plaintiffs  maintained that the county and city municipal boundary lines, as school district

lines and areas, were obstacles to desegregation of the public schools in the

multi­county­city metropolitan area.

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IV.11 Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of

Georgia, Atlanta Division

Case File: Civil 9017—Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc., v. the United States of

America and Robert F. Kennedy as the Attorney General of the United States

(1964)

In 1964 the Heart of Atlanta Motel, a large downtown motel in the city of

Atlanta, GA, which regularly catered to out­of­town guests, sued to prevent

the Attorney General of the United States from exercising powers granted

to him under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Heart of Atlanta Motel had

followed a practice of refusing to rent sleeping accommodations to

Negroes, and it alleged that it intended to continue to do so unless ordered

by the court to comply with the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, which upheld the injunction

issued  by  the  district  court  and  required  the  Heart  of Atlanta  Motel  to

receive business from clientele of all races.

IV.12 Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Western  District  of

Tennessee, Memphis Division

Case File: Civil 68­80—City of Memphis v. Martin Luther King, Jr., Hosea

Williams, Reverend James Bevel, Reverend James Orange, Ralph D. Abernathy

and Bernard Lee (1968)

In 1968 the City of Memphis was beset with a strike by the city’s sanitation

workers. Martin  Luther  King, Jr., and  other  members  of the  Southern

Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) went to Memphis to lend support

to the strike. After a march in support of the workers turned violent, the

city filed suit to prevent a second march. This case emphasizes Dr. King’s

commitment to nonviolence as the dominant instrument for social change,

as evidenced by his extolling the marchers that “the only force we will use

is soul­force which is peaceful, loving, courageous, yet militant.” The opinion and temporary injunction of the court was filed on April 5, 1968, the

day after King was assassinated.

IV.13 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama,

Montgomery Division

Case File: Civil 1147­N—Aurelia S. Browder, et al. v. W. A. Gayle, et al. (1956)

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Thisfederal courtsuitresulted from the famous Montgomery,AL, bus boycott

in 1955. The case is well­known in civil rights history because it made Martin

Luther King, Jr., a 25­year­old minister in Montgomery, famous. King was

president of the Montgomery Improvement Association, which led the boycott. Rosa Parks, one of the first black citizens to refuse to give up her seat to

whites on a crowded bus, became famous. While Parks’s police report, fingerprints, and state court testimony are part of the case file, she was not a party

to the Federal case because her suit was tied up in the state court appeals system. The plaintiffs in this case were Aurelia Browder and others, largely high

school  students  who  used  the  public  buses  for  their  transportation  to

school. The case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ultimately declared segregation of public buses in Montgomery illegal and instructed the local court to work with the city to devise a plan for desegregation.

IV.14 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama,

Montgomery Division

Case File: Civil 2181­N—Hosea Williams, John Lewis, and Amelia Boynton,

on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated v. Honorable George C.

Wallace, as Governor of the State of Alabama, et al. (1965)

The march from Selma to Montgomery, AL, in 1965 was a pivotal event in

the  history  of the  Civil  Rights  Movement. Hundreds  of marchers  were

stopped  at  the  Edmund  Pettus  Bridge  in  Selma, AL, where  they  were

attacked by State and local police on “Bloody Sunday.” The class action suit

brought  by  Hosea  Williams, John  Lewis, and  Amelia  Boynton  against

Governor George C. Wallace and the State of Alabama sought protection of

marchers as they walked from Selma to Montgomery on behalf of Negro

voter  registration  in  Alabama. Federal  District  Court  Judge  Frank  M.

Johnson, Jr., ruled that “the law is clear that the right to petition one’s government for the redress of grievances may be exercised in large groups . . .

and  these  rights  may  be  exercised  by  marching, even  along  public  highways.”A few months after the events in Selma, President Lyndon B. Johnson

signed into law the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

IV.15 Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Southern  District  of

Mississippi, Jackson Division

Case File: Civil Action 3130—James H. Meredith,et al. v.Charles Dickson Fair,

President of the Board of Trustees of StateInstitutions of Higher Learning (1961)

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James H. Meredith was the first African American admitted to the University

of Mississippi in Oxford. Meredith’s legal battle was long and arduous, but the

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit finally ordered his admission. Ross

Barnett, the Governor of the State, personally intervened to bar Meredith

from entering “Ole Miss.” In September of 1962, President John F. Kennedy

ordered Federal troops to Oxford to enforce the court order. When Meredith

arrived on the campus, rioting ensued and two individuals were killed.

Federal troops remained on campus for the next year protecting Meredith.

He graduated in 1963, the first African American to graduate from Ole Miss.

IV.16 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Georgia,

Athens Division

Case File: Civil 450—Hamilton E. Holmes and Charlayne A. Hunter, et al. v.

Walter N. Danner, Registrar of the University of Georgia (1960)

In 1960 the parents of two African American honor graduates of Turner High

School in Atlanta, GA, challenged the time­honored practice of limiting

admissionsto the University of Georgia to white persons. Six years after Brown

v. Board of Education the University of Georgia was still segregated. Hamilton

Holmes and Charlayne Hunter challenged that policy in Federal court in 1960.

When the court ordered their admission,Holmes and Hunterfaced turmoil—

rioting,taunting, and racialslurs.They were courageousin theirrefusal to give

in, and both graduated in 1963. After graduation Hamilton Holmes became

the first African American admitted to Emory University’s School of

Medicine. He died in 1995 after a long career as an orthopedic surgeon.

Charlayne Hunter (now Charlayne Hunter­Gault) graduated with a degree in

journalism and is now a distinguished broadcast journalist.

IV.17 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of North

Carolina, Charlotte Division

Case File: Civil 65­1974—James E. Swann, et al. v. Charlotte­Mecklenburg

Board of Education (1965)

Swann v. Charlotte­Mecklenburg Board of Education concerns the subject of

busing  students  across  district  lines  to  promote  integration  in  public

schools in Charlotte, NC. The district court directed that the school board

consider altering attendance areas, pairing or consolidation of schools, bus

transportation of students, and any other method which would effectuate a

racially unitary system. The court also declared unconstitutional a portion

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of the North Carolina General Statutes known as the Anti­Busing Law and

granted  an  injunction  against  its  enforcement. On  appeal  to  the  U.S.

Supreme Court, Chief Justice Burger wrote that “Just as the race of students

must be considered in determining whether a constitutional violation has

occurred, so also must race be considered in formulating a remedy. To forbid, at this stage, all assignments made on the basis of race would deprive

school authorities of the one tool absolutely essential to fulfillment of their

constitutional obligation to eliminate existing dual school systems.”The case

is significant because it led to increased use of busing to achieve integration.

IV.18 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South

Carolina, Columbia Division

Case File: Civil 1670—John H. Wrighten v. Board of Trustees of the University

of South Carolina, et al. (1947)

On June 30, 1946, John H. Wrighten, an African American, applied for

admission to the School of Law at the University of South Carolina. He

received a letter acknowledging the receipt of his application and informing

him that the university was unable to act favorably upon his application. He

then wrote the Board of Trustees of the University of South Carolina and

was advised that his letter would be brought to the attention of the board at

its next meeting. Wrighten heard nothing further and considered his application to be rejected. With the support of the NAACP’s lawyers, Wrighten

filed a suit in Federal court challenging the constitutionality of the State’s

denial of admission. He claimed that the State was in violation of his rights

under the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. He further asserted that

there was no other law school maintained by public funds in the State of

South Carolina where he could study law to the same extent and on an equal

level of scholarship and intensity as in the School of Law of the University of

South Carolina. The State of South Carolina had created a graduate program

and law school for black students at South Carolina State College; however,

the program was not funded. The case was heard before U.S. District Court

Judge J. Waties Waring. Although the court affirmed Wrighten’s entitlement

to the same educational opportunity and facilities afforded to whites in the

State of South Carolina, it did not grant the requested injunction to provide

for his admittance into the University of South Carolina’s law school. The

court, instead, required that the State provide equal legal education to

African Americans, a mandate it felt satisfied by appropriations to establish

a separate law school at South Carolina State College.

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IV.19 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South

Carolina, Columbia Division

Case  File: Criminal  16,603—United  States  of America v. Lynwood  Lanier

Shull (1946)

On  February  12, 1946, in  Batesburg, SC, Isaac  Woodard, Jr., a  returning

African American World War II veteran, was beaten and blinded following

his arrest. The Chief of Police of Batesburg was charged but acquitted in

this criminal case. The case attracted national attention and contributed to

President Harry Truman’s decision to desegregate the Armed Forces.

IV.20 Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Middle  District  of

Tennessee, Nashville Division

Case File: Civil 2724—Charles W. Baker, et al. v. Joe C. Carr, et al. (1959)

This landmark case concerns the apportionment of seats in the Tennessee

General Assembly. The plaintiffs alleged that, by means of a 1901 statute,

Tennessee arbitrarily and randomly apportioned the seats in the General

Assembly  among  the  State’s  95  counties  and  failed  to  reapportion  them

subsequently  to  account  for  substantial  growth  and  distribution  of the

State’s population. The effect was to allot rural citizens greater proportional representation than their counterparts in the growing cities. They further

alleged that they suffered a “debasement of their votes” and were denied the

equal protection of the laws guaranteed them by the 14th Amendment. The

case generated many other lawsuits challenging legislative districting. It was

appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court whose ruling established the principle

of equal representation, i.e., “one man, one vote.”

IV.21 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama,

Opelika Division

Case File:Civil 462­E—C. G. Gomillion,et al. v. Phil M. Lightfoot,et al. (1958)

This case pertains to the redrawing of the city limits of Tuskegee, AL, and

an attempt by the white administration of the town to exclude most black

neighborhoods from the city limits. The petitioners claimed that they were

discriminated against in violation of the due process and equal protection

clauses of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution and were denied the

right to vote in defiance of the 15th Amendment. The redrawn boundaries

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altered the shape of Tuskegee from a square to a 28­sided figure. The effect

of this redefinition of Tuskegee’s boundaries was to remove from the city all

but four or five of its 400 Negro voters while not removing a single white

voter  or  resident. The  case  was  eventually  appealed  to  the  U.S. Supreme

Court, which reversed the lower court and declared this “racial gerrymandering” to be unconstitutional.

IV.22 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South

Carolina, Columbia Division

Case File: Civil 1702—George Elmore, on behalf of himself and others similarly situated v. Clay Rice, et al. (1947)

In  1947  George  Elmore  filed  suit  to  test  the  legality  of the  action  of the

defendants in not permitting him and other qualified Negro electors to vote

in  the  Democratic  Party’s  primary  held  on August  13, 1946, in  Richland

County, SC. The primary was held for the purpose of nominating candidates on the Democratic ticket for the U.S. House of Representatives and

for various State offices. Defendants in the case included election managers

of primary elections in Ward 9 Precinct, Richland County, and members of

the Richland County Democratic Executive Committee. Thurgood

Marshall  of the  National  Association  for  the  Advancement  of Colored

People  (NAACP)  argued  the  case  before  District  Court  Judge  J. Waties

Waring. In  his  opinion, Judge  J. Waties Waring  wrote  that “It  is  time  for

South Carolina to rejoin the union. It is time to fall in step with the other

States and to adopt the American way of conducting elections. . . . Racial

distinctions cannot exist in the machinery that selects the officers and lawmakers of the United States.” Judge Waring’s ruling in effect ended the allwhite Democratic primary in the State.

NARA—NORTHEAST REGION (BOSTON)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.23 Records of the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts,

1789–1979

Case File: 911­G (1972)—Tallulah Morgan, et al. v. James W. Hennigan, et al.

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This case was a class action lawsuit brought in 1972 by the parents of black

children  alleging  that  the  Boston  School  Committee  violated  the  14th

Amendment of the U.S. Constitution by a deliberate policy of racial segregation. Judge W. Arthur Garrity, Jr., issued the opinion on June 21, 1974, in

which he found that the Boston School Committee had intentionally carried out a program of segregation in the Boston public schools. The ruling,

upheld  unanimously  by  the  U.S. Court  of Appeals  for  the  First  Circuit,

ordered the School Committee to formulate a permanent school desegregation plan that addressed student assignment, teacher employment, and

facility improvement procedures, as well as the use of busing on a citywide

basis. By January 1975, the School Committee had failed to present an adequate plan to the court. As a result, the court assumed an active role in the

formulation  of the  desegregation  plan  and  oversaw  implementation  of

court­ordered  desegregation  in  the  Boston  public  schools. In  1994, the

court issued its final judgment, permanently prohibiting the School

Committee from practicing racial discrimination in the public schools.

NARA—GREAT LAKES REGION (CHICAGO)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.24 Records  of the  District  Courts  of the  United  States, 1940–1954

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

Case File: Civil 234—Carl Hansberry vs. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe

Railway (1938)

Hansberry, a  prominent  African  American  real  estate  businessman  in

Chicago, protested the practice of racially segregating black railroad passengers  into  inferior “Jim  Crow” cars  by  filing  suit  against  the  Santa  Fe

Railway. Hansberry’s  complaint  included  the  allegation  that  the  railroad

company charged African Americans first­class fares, but relegated them to

third­class passenger cars.

IV.25 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1940–1954

Records of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois,

Eastern Division

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Case File:  Civil 44C720—Perry Hansberry vs. Franklin D. Roosevelt,

Commander in Chief of the U.S. Army and Navy, et al.

Hansberry, a  prominent  African  American  real  estate  businessman  in

Chicago and the brother of Carl Hansberry, protested racial discrimination

and  segregation  in  the  military  draft  and  in  military  duty  by  filing  suit

against the U.S. Government.

IV.26 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1940–1954

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

Case  File: Civil  52C339—United  States  of America  vs. Carl  A. Hansberry,

Perry Hansberry, M. L. Hansberry, and C.A. Enterprises

This  case  involves  a  suit  filed  by  the  U.S. Government  against  Carl

Hansberry, father of playwright Lorraine Hansberry, and his brother Perry

Hansberry for violation of the Federal Housing and Rent Act for allegedly

overcharging rent from an African American tenant in an apartment building owned by the Hansberrys.

IV.27 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1940–1954

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

Case File: Civil Case 53C840—United States of America vs. Carl A.

Hansberry, Perry Hansberry, and C.A. Enterprises

Suit by the U.S. Government against Carl Hansberry and his brother Perry

Hansberry for violation of the Federal Housing and Rent Act for allegedly

overcharging rent from three middle­aged African American households in

an apartment building the Hansberrys owned at 6347 Greenwood Avenue in

Chicago.

IV.28 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1940–1954

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

Case File: Civil Case 58C1284—Carl A. Hansberry, Perry Hansberry,

Lorraine Hansberry, et al. v. City of Chicago

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This  suit  was  filed  by  the  Hansberry  family  of Chicago’s  Black  Belt  for

alleged  harassment  of tenants, defamation  of the  Hansberry’s  real  estate

business by city housing inspectors, and conspiracy by white city officials to

deprive African American property owners of their property. At the time of

this Federal lawsuit in 1958, the City of Chicago was pursuing 42 separate

municipal court cases against the Hansberry family for alleged violations of

building codes. The Hansberrys attempted to rehabilitate apartment buildings at 417–419 East 45th Street in Chicago, but after they evicted tenants

from 50 apartments to allow renovation work to begin, the Chicago building commissioner refused to give the Hansberrys a permit for the necessary

repairs. Allegedly, the  building  commissioner  spoke  abusively  to  Carl

Hansberry and added numerous additional prerequisites for the permit.

IV.29 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1954–1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

Case File: Civil Case 61C1569—James William Webb, Jr., and Andre Webb,

minors, by  James  R. Webb, their  parent  and  next  friend, et  al. vs. Board  of

Education, City of Chicago

This case concerns the desegregation of public schools.

IV.30 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1954–1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

Case File: Civil Case 63C1739—Ronald L. Todd and Michael Cochran, by his

parents and next friends, Ulysses Cochran and Patricia Cochran, and James

Hill v. Joint Apprenticeship Committee of the Steel Workers of Chicago and

International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers

Local Union No. 1; Iron Workers Bridge and Structural Union, Local No. 1;

Iron Workers District Council of Chicago and Vicinity; Paschen Contractors,

Inc.;  Peter  Kiewit  Sons’ Co.;  Bethlehem  Steel  Company;  Dominic  Tesauro,

Regional Administrator, General Services Administration; and The Board of

Education of the City of Chicago, Alvin Dost, Regional Director

IV.31 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1954–1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

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Case File: 63C1895—James William Webb, Jr., and Andre Webb, minors, by James

R.Webb, their parent and next friend,et al., v. Board of Education, City of Chicago

This case concerns the desegregation of public schools.

IV.32 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1954–1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Illinois,

Eastern Division

Case File: Civil Case 64C1684—Morton L. Zaslasvsky v. Congress of Racial

Equality

IV.33 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1954–1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of Ohio,

Eastern Division at Cleveland

Case File: Civil Case 31464—The Provisional Committee to Organize

Colored Locomotive Firemen, et al. v. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen

and Enginemen, et al.

This case involves the violation of the duty of fair representation under the

Railway  Labor Act  by  excluding African American  railroad  firemen  from

union membership while retaining representational rights over those firemen and their positions.

IV.34 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case  File: Civil  Case  65C51—James  William  Webb, Jr., and  Andre  Webb,

minors, by  James  R. Webb, their  parent  and  next  friend, et  al. v. Board  of

Education, City of Chicago

This case concerns the desegregation of public schools.

IV.35 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 65C942—Board of Education of the City of Chicago v.

Chicago Branch, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People;

Chicago  Branch, Congress  of Racial  Equality;  Chicago  Area  Friends  of the

Student  Non­Violent  Coordinating  Committee;  Coordinating  Council  of

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Community Organizations; ACT; Sydney C. Finley; Albert Brooks; Albert A.

Raby; Reverend A. P. Jackson; Charles A. Davis; Marshall Bynum; Lawrence

Landry;  Martha  O’Kennard;  Sylvia  Fisher;  Roberta  Galler;  G. E. Riddick;

Monroe Sharp; Nathaniel Jackson; Robert Lucas; Elton Cox; Milton I. Davis

and Sam Riley, June 9, 1965

This case concerns desegregation of public schools.

IV.36 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 65C1443—Albert Raby, a/k/a Al Raby; Richard Gregory,

a/k/a  Dick  Gregory;  Robert  Lucas, a/k/a  Bob  Lucas;  Robert  Hostetter, a/k/a

Bob Hostetter; Father Robert Taylor; Kenneth Davis, a/k/a Ken Davis; Frank

Ditto, a/k/a Malcolm X; James R. Webb, et al. v. Richard J. Daley, et al.

IV.37 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 66C1003—Albert A. Raby; Robert E. Hostetter; Leo E.

Holt; Gloria Fraction; Ernice Kelly; Mrs. Donald Rose; Alvin Pitcher; Atricia

Raby; Dorothy Holt; Lelia McClelland; Ellis McClelland, and all others similarly situated v. City of Chicago; Richard J. Daley; Orlando Wilson; and Robert

Quinn, June 6, 1966

IV.38 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case  File: Civil  Case  66C1459—Dorothy  Gautreaux v. Patricia  Harris,

Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Chicago

Housing Authority

IV.39 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 69C633—United States of America,ex rel Albert A. Raby

v. Joseph  I. Woods, Sheriff of Cook  County, Illinois, and  Winston  Moore,

Warden of the Cook County Jail

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IV.40 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 70C2194—Chicago Council of Lawyers, Chicago

Metropolitan  Council  of the  National  Association  for  the  Advancement  of

Colored Persons, et al. v. William J. Bauer, U.S. Attorney; John C. Meiszner,

U.S. Marshal; and Elbert A. Wagner, Jr., Clerk of the United States District

Court, Northern District of Illinois

IV.41 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case  File: Civil  Case  70C2220—Renault  Robinson  and  the  Afro­American

Patrolmen’s League v. James B. Conlisk, Jr., the City of Chicago, Franklin M.

Kreml, Morgan F. Murphy, Paul W. Goodrich, Theophilus M. Mann,

Raymond Schoessling, Raymond J. Hauser, and the Police Review Board of the

City of Chicago

IV.42 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 75C2925—Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission v. Playboy Enterprises, Inc.

This case concerns discrimination in employment due to race.

IV.43 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Illinois, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 76C3005—Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission

This is a precedent­setting case involving employment discrimination on

the basis of gender.

IV.44 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Southern  District  of Indiana, New

Albany Division

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Case  File: Civil  Case  66C20—Thelma  Bowe, et  al. v. Colgate  Palmolive

Company

This case found that hiring rules involving weight­lifting ability, when solely applied to female applicants, are unconstitutional.

IV.45 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Ohio, Eastern

Division

Case File: Civil Case 71C—Jo Carol LaFleur v. Board of Education,

Cleveland, Ohio

In this case, mandatory maternity leave for pregnant female teachers was

ruled unconstitutional.

IV.46 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records  of the  U.S. District  Court, Northern  District  of Ohio, Eastern

Division

Case  File: Civil  Case  71C—Ann  Elizabeth  Nelson v. Board  of Education,

Cleveland, Ohio

In this case, mandatory maternity leave for pregnant female teachers was

ruled unconstitutional.

IV.47 Records of the District Courts of the United States, 1964

Records of the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin,

Milwaukee Division

Case File: Civil Case 65C173—Armstrong, et al. v. Board of Education

This case concerns the desegregation of public schools.

Record Group 276
 

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals
 

IV.48 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals, 1954–1964

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

Case  File: Appellate  Case  13387—The  Provisional  Committee  to  Organize

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Colored Locomotive Firemen, et al. v. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen

and Enginemen, et al.

IV.49 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals, 1954–1964

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

Case File: Appeal of Civil Case 31464 from the U.S. District Court for the

Northern  District  of Ohio, Eastern  Division  at  Cleveland. Appeal  filed

October 1, 1957.

Further  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of the  United  States, No. 560,

October Term 1958, Oliphant, et al. v. BLF & E, et al.

This case concerns discrimination on the basis of race in labor union membership and the duty of fair representation.

IV.50 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals, 1954–1964

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

Case File: Appellate Case 14642—Deborah A. Northcross, et al. v. The Board

of Education of the City of Memphis, et al.

Appeal  of Civil  Case  3931  from  the  U.S. District  Court  for  the  Western

District of Tennessee, Western Division at Memphis. Appeal filed May 10,

1961.

This case concerns the desegregation of public schools

IV.51 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals, 1954–1964

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

Case File: Appellate Case 13974—James William Webb, Jr., and Andre Webb,

minors, by  James  R. Webb, their  parent  and  next  friend, et  al. v. Board  of

Education of the City of Chicago and Benjamin Willis

This case concerns the desegregation of public schools.

IV.52 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals, 1964

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

Case File: Appellate Case 15186—Board of Education of the City of Chicago

v. Chicago Branch, National Association for the Advancement of Colored

People

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Appeal of Civil Case 65C942 from the U.S. District Court at Chicago

This case concerns the desegregation of public schools.

IV.53 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals, 1964

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

Case File: Appellate Cases 16624, 16625, 16626, 16632, 72­1016, 72­1343—

Thelma Bowe, et al. v. Colgate Palmolive Company

These cases found hiring rules involving weight­lifting ability, when solely

applied to female applicants, to be unconstitutional.

Record Group 75
 

Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
 

IV.54 Minutes of Meetings, 1934–1968, of the National Railroad

Adjustment Board for Divisions 1, 2, 3, and 4 include transcripts of correspondence  with  individual  railroad  workers, all­white  railroad  brotherhoods, and all­black railroad unions, as well as board decisions about the

problem of racial discrimination in labor union membership and the white

brotherhoods’ duty of fair representation toward black railroaders beginning in the 1930s and continuing throughout the 1960s.

Record Group 155
 

Records of the Wage and Hour Division
 

IV.55 Inspection Case Files, 1939–1945 (137 cubic ft.), of regional offices

for  Region  5  (Kentucky, Ohio, and  Michigan)  and  Region  6  (Indiana,

Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota) document investigations about alleged

inequality in the wages of women employed alongside men and other violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The records include investigative interviews with claimants, correspondence, exhibits such as payroll

and  accounting  records, reports, and  copies  of civil  action  court  records

heard in U.S. district courts.

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Record Group 228
 

Records of the Committee on Fair Employment
 

Practices, 1941–1946
 

IV.56 The records of regional offices for Region 5 (Ohio, Michigan), Region

6  (Indiana, Illinois, and  Wisconsin), and  Region  8  (Iowa, Minnesota,

Nebraska, North  Dakota, and  South  Dakota)  include Active  Case  Files,

Closed  Case  Files, and  Administrative  Records about  investigations  of

employment  discrimination  on  the  basis  of race, religion, or  ethnic  or

national origin in war industries.

Record Group 211
 

Records of the War Manpower Commission, 1942–1945
 

IV.57  Records  of Regional  Offices for  Region  5  (Kentucky, Ohio, and

Michigan)  and  Region  6  (Illinois, Indiana, and  Wisconsin)  include  the

series appeal case records arising from employment stabilization programs,

1943–45  (22  lin. ft.). Complaints, investigative  reports, correspondence,

and memorandums about discriminatory employment practices in

wartime industries due to race or gender can be found in the series.

Record Group 156
 

Records of the Office of the Chief of Ordnance
 

IV.58 Records of Ordnance Plants and Depots Throughout Ohio,

Indiana,Illinois,Wisconsin, and Minnesota, 1940–1954 (bulk dates) contain narrative reports about the histories of the facilities, including detailed

information and photographs relating to discriminatory employment practices on the basis of race or gender.

Record Group 92
 

Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General
 

IV.59 Records of the Chicago Quartermaster Depot, 1929–1953, include

documents  about  a  controversy  during  World  War  II  in  which  African

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American civilian employees of the quartermaster depot in Chicago were

ordered segregated from German prisoners of war after the German POWs

complained about proximity to the black workers.

Record Group 403
 

Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
 

IV.60 Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,

1969–1982

EEOC Legal Unit Case Files, 1969–1982, for selected Federal court cases in

which the EEOC Region 6 Office (based in Chicago) was the plaintiff. Files

exist for litigation against Economy Fire and Casualty Company, 1979–82

(11 ft.); Hiram Walker, Inc., 1969–82 (25 ft.); Mexicana Airlines, 1974–82

(21 ft.); the Milwaukee Road railroad company, 1975–82 (6 ft.); Motorola,

Inc., 1974–82 (30 ft.); and Standard Brands, 1974–82 (13ft.). Access to these

records is restricted under the provisions of the Freedom of Information

Act, the Privacy Act, and any court orders relating to the individual lawsuits.

Record Group 146
 

Records of the U.S. Civil Service Commission
 

IV.61 Records of the U.S. Civil Service Commission, 1963–1969

The  records  of the  Region  7  office  (Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois,

Missouri, Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin) include a series of Community

Review Program files, 1963–69. The records include those relating to equal

employment opportunity in the Federal Government.

Record Group 381
 

Records of the Community Services Administration
 

IV.62 Records  of the  Community  Services  Administration, 1968–1972

Records of the Office of Economic Opportunity, Region 5 (Chicago)

The records, which consist of organization files, planning files, and man209
   

   

     

           

           

   

                 

                   

                     

               

                 

                     

                 

   

agement program files, include correspondence, reports, and studies about

job training, employment counseling, and housing for African Americans,

Native Americans, and migrant workers and about programs to assist older

persons.

NARA—ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION (DENVER)

Record Group 527
 

Records of the United States Marshals Service
 

IV.63 Records of the Director, 1959–1993, consist mostly of weekly reports

sent  to  the  Attorney  General  or  to  field  offices  from  the  United  States

Marshals  Service  (USMS)  Director. The  reports  to  the  Attorney  General

span 1989–93 and cover the topics of judicial security, significant investigations, general operations, external communications, and personnel.

Reports to field offices are dated 1993 and relate to administration, public

affairs, fiscal  management, and  operations. Included  are  several  speeches

spanning  1989–93. Director  Stanley  Morris  delivered  the  speeches  as

Director of the USMS to varied audiences ranging from INTERPOL to the

Rose Bowl Parade. There is also some personal correspondence from two

former  directors. The  correspondence  includes  material  regarding  the

background and nomination of Stanley Morris dated 1973–88, as well as

correspondence from Director Wayne Colburn to all U.S. Marshals dated

1969–75. There are some photos. This series also includes records relating

to  Deputy  Marshal  James  McShane  before  he  became  Director  of the

Service. It includes his diaries, 1960–67, including an entry the night before

admitting James Meredith into the University of Mississippi on September

30, 1962. It also contains notebooks (1958–67) which detail his assignments

as a USMS deputy. McShane also served as security chief to President

Kennedy during his election campaign. Because of this relationship,

he saved several magazine articles covering the assassination of President

Kennedy.The magazines are included in this series,which also includes newspapers, 1969–74, covering the moon landing and the Watergate scandal.

IV.64 The series Records of the Court Security Division, 1980–1994, contains reports sent between the Court Security Division, the U.S. Marshals

Service, and the Attorney General’s Office. There are weekly activity reports

from the Court Security Division to the Associate Director for Operations,

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1980–94. They detail events concerning court security and the witness protection program. Each case cites the parties involved, the offense, and the

duties covered by deputy marshals. There are also Daily Activity Reports,

1985–88, which cover only events from highly sensitive or high threat court

trials. The Attorney General’s Reports, 1988, are from the chief of the Court

Security Division to the chief of the Threat Analysis Division, who forwarded the information to the Attorney General. They detail all threats made

against  U.S. marshals  or  judiciary  personnel. There  are  also  some  correspondence files, 1983–86. The letters contain safety recommendations for

judiciary personnel and courts.

IV.65 The series National Reports and Publications, 1886–1990, contains

reports and publications produced by the USMS for the benefit of deputies

and  other  Federal  Government  agencies. It  contains  reports  from  USMS

security assignments at the United Nations General Assembly. The reports

are dated 1980–85 and cover Assemblies 35–37 and 40. The USMS Bulletin

(Nos. 1–81), 1946–69, is a national report distributed to all deputies and

offices. Other publications include Instructions to U.S. Marshals, Then and

Now, and The Pentacle, a monthly magazine published by the USMS, May

1978–July 1987.

IV.66 Correspondence, 1865–1990, includes personal letter files as well as

agency­wide correspondence. The personal files, 1979–83, are from

Howard Safir, former Associate Director of Operations. Other correspondence, 1935–71, includes that of individuals within the executive office of

the agency. These files cover requests for funds, budget issues, and personnel. There are also topical correspondence files, 1979–83, arranged by topic.

Agency­wide correspondence, 1935–90, is found in the form of newsletters

and circulars. These are USMS Newsletters, 1970–76, and Department of

Justice  Circulars  2683–3599. There  is  also  correspondence  between  the

agency and the public. These include rejected compensation claims,

1865–1985, sent to the next of kin of U.S. marshals. The files are arranged

alphabetically and indicate the reasons claims were rejected.

IV.67 Records of the District Offices, Alabama, 1889–1952

These are records from field offices in Alabama. They include information

on  budget  issues, court  cases, correspondence, and  reports. The  budget

records, 1930–50, detail  the  fees  and  expenses  deputy  marshals  incurred

while  on  duty. The  court  cases  are  criminal  case  files  dated  1924–44.

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Correspondence files are from Deputy Meadors, 1938–47; Deputy Davis,

1943–45; general  correspondence, 1921–57; and  correspondence  books,

1889–1925. The records also include daily reports, 1946–52; daily calendars,

1937–52; and FBI reports, 1946–48.

IV.68 Records of the District Offices, Arkansas, 1896–1986

The Arkansas records are from two districts within the State, the Eastern

and the Western Districts. The Eastern District records are court cases, both

civil and criminal, 1896–1912. The Western District records are primarily

from Fort Smith and detail the Fort Chaffee Riot of 1980. There are also

some records on Arkansas school integration from the 1960s.

IV.69 Records of the District Offices, Connecticut, 1982–1986

This series contains records dealing with the Gagnon and Bourgeois investigation. Gagnon and Bourgeois were apprehended after a series of bank

robberies  in  the  United  States  and  Canada. During  a  bank  robbery  in

Missouri, they shot and wounded a police officer, adding attempted murder  to  the  list  of charges. Gagnon  and  Bourgeois  were  apprehended  and

imprisoned in Connecticut. On August 13, 1985, they escaped from U.S.

marshals during a prison transfer in downtown Hartford, CT. Gagnon was

an expert in French foot fighting, and the Canadian Government believed

him to be part of a radical terrorist group that operated along the U.S. and

Canadian border. While Bourgeois was apprehended only 30 minutes after

the escape, Gagnon remained at large for some time. These records concern

their  escape  from  U.S. marshals  and  the  recapture  of Bourgeois. The

records  include  information  on  the  criminal  prosecution, investigative

leads, background  information, correspondence, sighting  reports, weekly

reports, photos, escape information, and contacts.

IV.70 Records of the District Offices, Florida, 1980

The  records  from  Florida  originate  from  the  Eglin  Air  Force  Base  and

describe two different operations. The first are security reports for Air Force

flight  departures  and  arrivals. The  second, more  extensive  group, are

records  dealing  with  Cuban  and  Latino  refugee  camps. They  include

offense reports, marshal’s operations logs, special operations groups, collected  evidence, and  photographs. The  majority  of the  records  describe

marshal security operations throughout the camps.

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IV.71 Records of the District Offices, Georgia, 1937–1954

This series contains records of fees and expenses incurred by deputy marshals within Georgia. The majority of expenses were incurred during security operations for courtroom proceedings.

IV.72 Records of the District Offices, Island Territories, 1940–1977

This series contains records created by U.S. marshals working in Guam,

the Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico. The Guam records, 1975–76,

include expenses, reimbursements, and information related to

Vietnamese repatriates. The repatriate records are deputy marshal orders

and assignments, as well as newspaper clippings concerning the

Vietnamese repatriate camps  in  Guam. The  Mariana  Islands  records,

1975–77, are  correspondence  and  resolution  acts  concerning  the  Islands.

There is some correspondence referring to an inquiry by Colorado Senator

Gary  Hart  into  the  marshals’ practices  on  the  Islands. The  Puerto  Rico

records, 1940–60, include marshal training manuals, newspaper clippings,

and photos. Most documents are in English but a few are in Spanish. The

photographs are of Puerto Rican crime families and marshal training procedures on the island.

IV.73 Records of the District Offices, Maryland, 1938, 1974–1984

This series includes enforcement files from Maryland, 1974–84, as well as a

record book from Washington, DC, for 1938. The enforcement files concern fugitives captured by the marshals. The record book from Washington

is a record of search warrants served and material collected during searches and seizures.

IV.74 Records of the District Offices, Michigan, 1930–1972

This  series  contains  four  record  books. One  book  is  an  arrest  record,

1930–54. It details who was arrested and for what offense. There are three

books of court records, 1946–72. They contain details such as the parties

involved, the case number, and the judgment sentence.

IV.75 Records of the District Offices, Mississippi, 1960

The  records  of this  series  concern  racial  integration  and  civil  rights  in

Mississippi. The series begins with several copied microfilm reels arranged

by  number. They  contain  correspondence  and  documents  related  to  the

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integration  events  at  the  University  of Mississippi  and  James  Meredith.

Many of the reels are copies of materials in the John F. Kennedy Presidential

Library. Also included are records of the Mississippi Department of Justice,

1962–63. These  records  also  relate  to  integration  at  the  University  of

Mississippi  and  include  press  reactions, correspondence  with  Governor

Barnett, newspaper clippings, details of law enforcement injuries, and interviews with witnesses. The series also contains general civil rights material,

1961–65. These include a University of Mississippi newspaper, photographs

related  to  integration, court  documents  and  exhibits  from  the  James

Meredith  case, and  records  pertaining  to  the  integration  of Mississippi

school districts.

IV.76 Records of the District Offices, Oregon, 1924–1954

This series contains FBI “wanted cards,” 1930–40, arranged alphabetically.

There  are  also  daily  record  books, 1928–48, and  deputy  daily  logbooks,

1952–55. The daily records are arranged chronologically. Correspondence

files are included for Deputies Clarence Wells, 1924–34, and Paul Hanlin,

1940–48. The  series  also  contains  court  case  files, 1941–48, arranged

chronologically.

IV.77 Records of the District Offices, South Dakota, 1956–1973

This series contains records related primarily to the Wounded Knee incident  of the  1970s, but  there  are  a  few  records  dealing  with  budget  and

expense  issues. There  are  budget  estimates  and  supplemental  records,

1956–70. There are also records on congressional funding, 1972, arranged

chronologically. The Wounded  Knee  records, 1971–73, include  operation

plans, Pine Ridge operation plans, radio logs, and FBI reports. The records

relate to Native American uprisings on the Pine Ridge Reservation.

IV.78 Records of the District Offices, Washington, 1980–1982

This series contains reports of alerts and potential threats, daily work logs,

and a report on the Bingaman incident. Charles M. Bingaman filed a grievance against the U.S. Marshals Service alleging unjust suspension.

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Record Group 60
 

General Records of the Department of Justice
 

IV.79 Records of the Assistant Attorney General’s Office, 1937–1972, contain official files and correspondence from the Assistant Attorney General.

The  official  files  are  from  both  office  headquarters  and  individual  state

offices. The state files detail personnel and specific duties in the respective

states. The correspondence files are numbered sequentially with the exception of a correspondence book.

IV.80 The  series  Civil  Rights  Records, 1961, describes  Department  of

Justice  involvement  in  civil  rights  issues. The  majority  of the  records  are

court  case  files  that  detail  specific  steps  toward  civil  rights. The  files  are

arranged alphabetically. There are also two photograph albums that depict

the violence involved with the integration of Arkansas schools.

IV.81 Department  of Justice  reports, 1883–1994, begins  with  a  series  of

books,“Annual Report of the Attorney General.” It is a nearly complete run

dated 1884–1941. These reports were issued at the end of each fiscal year

detailing the activities of the Attorney General. There is also a nearly complete run of “Register of Department of Justice,” 1883–1970. These registers

detail the activities of the Department of Justice through the fiscal year. The

remainder of the series is general reports, 1886–1994. These are primarily

Federal law and regulation reports from various Federal agencies bound in

book form. There are also state audits, 1984, by the Department of Justice

for  the  U.S. Marshals  Service  (USMS), as  well  as  files  related  to  Federal

offenders from the 1930s.

IV.82 The  series  National  Anti­Violent  Crime  Initiative, 1994, contains

correspondence and reports dealing with USMS assistance to promote and

work with the National Anti­Violent Crime Initiative. This initiative was an

effort by the Department of Justice to coordinate the work of law enforcement  agencies  in  the  struggle  to  reduce  violent  crime. The  records  are

arranged chronologically.

IV.83 The series U.S.Marshals History, 1980–1994, contains reports, notes,

and articles on the history of the USMS. It has lists of deputies as well as

note cards of personnel and completed assignments and missions. There is

a draft of a book, “Compilations of U.S. Marshal’s Feats, Foes, and

Friends,” that is a history of the Marshals Service. There are also supplies

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for a USMS display. It contains mounted pictures of the original marshals

with summary captions as well as mounted pictures of famous USMS

assignments.

NARA—SOUTHWEST REGION (FORT WORTH)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.84 Arkansas, Eastern District, Jonesboro Division

Case File: Civil Case J918, filed October 13, 1955—Hoxie School District No.

46, et al. v. Brewer, et al.

The  Hoxie  School  District  attempted  to  desegregate  its  schools  in  accordance with the Brown decision and the 14th Amendment. The school district asked the Jonesboro Federal court for an injunction against intimidating  actions  taken  by  the  defendants, Herbert  Brewer; Amis  Guthridge;

White America, Inc.; Citizens Committee Representing Segregation in the

Hoxie Schools; and the White Citizens Council of Arkansas.

IV.85 Arkansas, Western District, El Dorado Division

Case  File: Civil  Cases  ED68C5  and  ED68C6, filed  February  20, 1968—

Christian, et al. v. Meshell, et al.

This case involved segregated schools within the Strong School District No.

83 of Union County, Arkansas. The Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare  had  terminated  Federal  financial  assistance  to  the  Strong  School

District  for  its  failure  to  comply  with  Title VI  of the  Civil  Rights Act  of

1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000.

IV.86 Arkansas, Western District, El Dorado Division

Case File: Civil Case ED69C42, filed November 5, 1969—Runyan, et al. v.

McNeil School District, et al.

This  case  concerns  the  McNeil  School  District  of Columbia  County, AR,

which  had  desegregated  its  high  schools  on  a “freedom  of choice” plan,

resulting  in  partial  desegregation. The  partial  desegregation  allowed  the

district  to  continue  to  receive  HEW  grant  funds. In  1969, the  plaintiffs

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asked  the  school  district  to  accelerate  the  unification  of black  and  white

schools within the district, but the school board refused to do so.

IV.87 Arkansas, Western District, Texarkana Division

Case  File: Civil  Case  1003, file  October  17, 1966—Robinson, et  al. v.

Willisville School District, et al.

African American  students  residing  within  the Willisville  School  District

were  bussed  to  the  adjacent  Oak  Grove  School  District. In  1966  the

Willisville  School  District  began  desegregation  by  offering  a “freedom  of

choice” plan, but did not allow the black student to choose schools within

the  district. The  Oak  Grove  District  discontinued  its  segregated  school

arrangement with the Willisville School District, which continued to deny

African American students access to its schools.

IV.88 Louisiana, Eastern District, New Orleans Division

Case File: Equity Case 8306 (U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District),

filed  November  28,1877—  Bertonneau v. Board  of Directors  of the  City

Schools of New Orleans

This case was filed under the authority of the 1875 Civil Rights Act. Judge

William B. Woods of the Fifth Circuit (later Supreme Court associate justice) heard the case, which was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1879.

IV.89 Texas, Northern District, Dallas Division

Case File: Civil Case 6165, filed September 12, 1955— Bell,et al. v. Rippy,et al.

The questions in this case revolved around Article 2900 of Vernon’s Civil

Statutes  of the  State  of Texas  and  Article  VII, Section  7, of the  Texas

Constitution. Did enforcement of the articles within the Dallas

Independent School District pose a violation of the 14th Amendment? 

IV.90 Texas, Southern District, Corpus Christi Division

Case File: Civil Case 1384, filed November 22, 1955—Hernandez, et al. v.

Driscoll Consolidated Independent School District

This case relates to segregation of Hispanic children from other children in

the first and second grades.

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IV.91 Texas, Southern District, Houston Division

Case File: Civil Case 10444, filed December 26, 1956— Ross, et al. v. Rogers,

et al. Cited as Ross, et al. v. Echels, et al. (Echels replaced Rogers as president

of the board of trustees for the Houston Independent School District.)

This case originally began as a segregation case involving African American

students, but was amended in 1970 to include Hispanic children.

IV.92 Texas, Western District, Austin Division

Case  File: Civil  Case  388, filed  November  17, 1947— Delgado, et  al. v.

Bastrop Independent School District, et al.

This case involved segregation of Hispanic children in Bastrop, Elgin, and

Martindale Independent School Districts and Colorado Common School

District. The  independent  school  districts  were  located  in  Bastrop  and

Caldwell Counties, while the Colorado Common School District was located in Travis County.

NARA—CENTRAL PLAINS REGION (KANSAS CITY)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.93 Records of the U.S. District Court for the District of Iowa

Southern Division, Burlington, Iowa (1849–58), June Term 1850

Case File: unnumbered case file (1850)—Ruel Daggs v. Elihu Frazier, et al.

In this case, a Missouri slave owner named Ruel Daggs filed suit in Federal

court to recover nine of his slaves. They had escaped to Iowa where they

were being protected by Frazier and others. Daggs believed he was entitled

to  have  his  property  returned. The  court  agreed, and  he  recovered  the

slaves.

IV.94 Records of the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Kansas

First Division, Topeka, Kansas, Law and Equity Cases (1862–1911)

Case File: 1568 (1876)—United States v. Murray Stanley (109 U.S. 3)(1883)

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The Civil Rights Act of 1875 guaranteed equal access for all persons,regardless  of race, to  hotels, land  and  water  transportation, theaters, and  other

places of public amusement. Anyone found guilty of denying access would

be subject to pay the wronged person $500 and would be subject to additional  fines  and  possible  incarceration. Several  cases  that  were  being

appealed from lower court decisions were considered together by the U.S.

Supreme Court in 1883. One of these cases, United States v. Stanley, took

place  in  Kansas; United  States v. Nichols, took  place  in  Missouri. Murray

Stanley was indicted for “denying equal privileges of an inn to a person of

color.” Samuel  Nichols  was  indicted  on  a  similar  charge. The  Supreme

Court ruled that Congress did not have the power to prohibit private discrimination under the 13th and 14th amendments. It would not be until

the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that the Court upheld the use of

commerce power because hotels were affected by interstate commerce.

IV.95 Records  of the  U.S. Circuit  Courts  for  the  Western  District  of

Missouri

Central  Division, Jefferson  City, Missouri, Equity  and  Law  Case  Files

(1879–1912)

Case File: 821 (1876)—United States v. Samuel Nichols (109 U.S. 3)(1883)

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 guaranteed equal access for all persons,regardless  of race, to  hotels, land  and  water  transportation, theaters, and  other

places of public amusement. Anyone found guilty of denying access would

be subject to pay the wronged person $500 and would be subject to additional  fines  and  possible  incarceration. Several  cases  that  were  being

appealed from lower court decisions were considered together by the U.S.

Supreme Court in 1883. One of these cases, United States v. Stanley, took

place  in  Kansas; United  States v. Nichols took  place  in  Missouri. Murray

Stanley was indicted for “denying equal privileges of an inn to a person of

color.” Samuel  Nichols  was  indicted  on  a  similar  charge. The  Supreme

Court ruled that Congress did not have the power to prohibit private discrimination under the 13th and 14th amendments. It would not be until

the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that the Court upheld the use of

commerce power because hotels were affected by interstate commerce.

IV.96 Records of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri

Eastern Division, St. Louis, Missouri, Civil Case Files (1938–1972)

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Case File: Civil Case 2331 (1943)—Emma Jane Lee v. the Board of Education,

Festus, Missouri

In this case, Lee, a teacher in Festus, MO, filed suit because her salary was

significantly lower than that of her white counterparts of equal experience

and education. Lee won the case. The court ruled “the Board of Education

of Festus, Missouri, will not pay smaller salaries to colored teachers or principals than to white teachers or principals of substantially equal qualifications and experience, exercising duties and performing services, which are

substantially the same and are of an equal quality.”

IV.97 Records of the U.S. District and Other Courts in Kansas, 1855–1984

Records of the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas, First Division

(Topeka)

Case  File: Civil  Case  ­T­316  (1951)—Oliver  Brown, et  al. v. Board  of

Education of Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas, et al. (347 U.S. 483)(1954)

and (349 U.S. 294)(1955)

In  this  case, a  permanent  injunction  and  restraining  order  was  issued  to

admit  African  American  children  to  white  schools. In  1954, the  U.S.

Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision, ruled that “in the field of public

education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place.” The following

four cases were decided by the Supreme Court in the Brown decisions of

1954 and 1955: Harry Briggs, Jr.,et al. v. R. W. Elliott,et al.; Dorothy E. Davis,

et  al. v. County  School  Board  of Prince  Edward  County, Virginia, et  al.;

Spottswood  Thomas  Bolling, et  al. v. C. Melvin  Sharpe, et  al.;  Francis  B.

Gebhart, et al. v. Ethel Louise Belton, et al.

IV.98 Records of the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Nebraska, Omaha

Division

Chancery, Civil, Criminal, Equity and Law Case Files (1867–1911), Docket

“E” Cases

Case File: 136E (1879)—United States ex rel. Ma­Chu­Nah­Zha ( Standing

Bear) v. George Crook

In 1877, Chief Standing Bear’s band of Ponca Indians had been removed

from their Nebraska reservation to Indian Territory (later Oklahoma). The

lack of shelter, inadequate food, and change of climate caused the group

much suffering. Standing Bear and about 30 Poncas returned to Nebraska

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in 1879. The Interior Department ordered General George Crook to take

Standing Bear and his band into custody. They were held at Fort Omaha.

Crook  called  upon  the  editor  of the Omaha  Herald, Thomas  H. Tibbles,

who was sympathetic to the Indians’ situation. Tibbles enlisted the support

of John. L. Webster and A. J. Poppleton. They drew up a writ of habeas corpus. Judge Elmer S. Dundy, U.S. District Judge for Nebraska, was contacted,

and he agreed to hear the case. The argument for the Poncas was that there

was no authority that had the right to transport Indians from one place to

another  without  their  consent  and  that  an  Indian  is  indeed  a  person.

Furthermore, they argued, when it can be shown that a person is deprived

of a liberty, then he is entitled to sue in the Federal courts. Dundy ruled a

few days later that if Indians were expected to obey the laws of the land,

then they must also be afforded the protection those laws provide. He ruled

that “an Indian is a person within the meaning of the laws of the United

States, and therefore [has] the right to sue out a writ of habeas corpus in a

federal  court.” In  addition, he  stated  that  the  Poncas  were  being  illegally

detained and must be freed.

IV.99 Records of the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Nebraska, Omaha

Division

Chancery, Civil, Criminal, Equity  and  Law  Case  Files  (1867–1911),

Docket “E” Cases

Case File: 330E (1881)—John Elk v. Charles Wilkins (112 U.S. 94)(1884)

In this case, John Elk, a member of the Winnebago Tribe living in Omaha,

Nebraska, attempted to register to vote in 1880. Charles Wilkins, the election official, denied Elk the opportunity to register. It was Elk’s belief that

as he had been born in the United States, he was a citizen by virtue of the

14th Amendment, and that under the provisions of the 15th Amendment,

he should not be prevented from registering to vote on the basis of his race

or color. Elk lost his initial case in Federal circuit court; he appealed to the

U.S. Supreme  Court, which  affirmed  the  decision  of the  lower  court  in

1884. The Court ruled that the 14th Amendment did not bestow citizenship

on Indians. It further stated that the 14th Amendment requires that a person be born in the United States and be subject to the jurisdiction thereof

(which Indians by virtue of their tribal relationship are not) or be naturalized. It would not be until 1924 that all Indians were granted Federal citizenship.

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Record Group 228
 

Records of the Committee on Fair Employment Practice
 

IV.100 The Committee on Fair Employment Practice (1943–46) formulated and interpreted policies to combat racial and religious discrimination in

employment; received, investigated, and adjusted complaints of such discrimination; and  assisted  Government  agencies, employers, and  labor

unions with problems of discrimination. The records relate to complaints

of discrimination, regional committee hearings, employment practices of

firms within the regions, and routine office administration.

NARA—PACIFIC REGION (LAGUNA NIGUEL)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.101 Records of the District Courts of the United States, Central District

of California (Los Angeles)

Case  File: Civil  Case  4292  (1946)—Mendez, et  al. v. Westminster  School

District, et al.

In this case, Mexican and Mexican­American families in Orange County, CA,

sued their school districts to protest the segregation of their children into separate schools. The parents argued that their children, born in the United States

and fluent in English, should not be made to attend segregated “Mexican”

schools far from home but should have been allowed to enroll in the schools

in their own neighborhoods. The school districts defended the segregation of

these students based on language and hygiene issues, but lost their case in the

trial court as well as on appeal. The case was closely watched by a number of

civilrights groups, and Thurgood Marshall filed an amicuscuriae brief with the

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals during the appellate portion of the case. The

case file includes all the pleadings as well as a complete transcript of the trial.

IV.102 Records of the District Courts of the United States, Central District

of California (Los Angeles)

Case  File: Civil  Case  7543  (1949)—Ruth  Wyatt v. Transcontinental  &

Western Air

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In  this  case, an  African  American  opera  singer  sued  TWA  after  being

stranded overnight and refused accommodations in the same hotel the airline arranged for the other passengers. She had purchased a ticket from Los

Angeles  to  Detroit, but  her  plane  was  grounded  in  Albuquerque  due  to

inclement weather. TWA arranged hotels for the other (white) passengers

on  the  plane, and  offered  Ms. Wyatt  her  choice  of a  segregated  hotel  or

accommodations in the home of their African American porter. Ms. Wyatt

refused and spent the night in the airport lobby. She sued under the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution, charging the airline had violated her civil rights by not finding her suitable accommodations. The judge

decided in favor of TWA, saying that it was not the airline’s fault that the

Albuquerque hotels would not accept African American guests and that the

airline had done all it could to find accommodations for Ms. Wyatt.

IV.103 Records  of the  District  Courts  of the  United  States, District  of

Arizona, Tucson Division

Case File: CR­6781 (1944)—U.S. v. George Fujii

In this case, a Japanese­American internee at Poston was tried for sedition

for interfering with the draft. He posted handbills around Poston encouraging men of draft age to not register, in an effort to protest internment and

the loss of their civil rights. The case file includes examples of these handbills as well as a letter written by Mr. Fujii and sent to President Roosevelt.

Record Group 276
 

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals
 

IV.104 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

Court Case Files, ca 1945–1980

Case File: No. 11310—Westminster School District of Orange County, et al. v.

Gonzalo Mendez, et al. (1946–47)

This case is the school district’s unsuccessful appeal against the decision of the

district court in Los Angeles. This groundbreaking 1945 civil suit, filed by

Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez against foursouthern California school districts,

demanded an end to the segregation of Hispanic schoolchildren in Orange

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County. The Mendez children had been turned away from Westminster’s 17th

Street School and consigned to Hoover, generally regarded as the school for

children of Mexican descent. The Mendez family won the case in U.S. District

Court and again on appeal, and then enrolled their children in the 17th Street

School. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP), American Civil Liberties Uniont (ACLU), American Jewish

Congress and Japanese American Citizens League all submitted amicus briefs

to the appellate court arguing in favor of court­ordered integration. While the

ruling waslimited to desegregation of Hispanicsin California, it was part of the

national drive to end segregation and is considered by many Californians to be

their Brown v. the Board of Education. NARA’s Pacific Region holds District

Court filings and transcripts in Laguna Niguel, while Ninth Circuit Court

appeal case records affirming the District Court ruling are available in San

Bruno. NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall, who would join the Supreme

Court, cited the Mendez case in Brown v. Board of Education.

NARA—NORTHEAST REGION (NEW YORK CITY)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.105 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case File: Civil Case 45­152—Dick Campbell and Muriel Rahn v. Southern

Railway System, (1948)

This  case  is  similar  to  Rustin v. Southern  Railway, Civil  Case  47­371, in

which the plaintiff claimed that his rights were violated by being excluded

from the train’s dining car.

IV.106 Records of the District Courts, Southern District New York

Case File: Civil Case 47­371—Bayard Rustin v. Southern Railway Company

(1948)

Bayard Rustin purchased a Pullman ticket on the Southern Railway from

Philadelphia to Knoxville, TN. The morning after boarding, he tried to use

the  dining  car  and  was  prevented  from  eating. Rustin  claimed  that  the

actions of the railroad violated his rights as a passenger.

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IV.107 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case  File: Civil  Case  60­330—Thomas  T. Patterson v. Atlantic  Coast  Line

Railroad Co. (1950)

Civil rights case filed when Patterson was denied service in a train dining car.

IV.108 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case File: Civil Case 81­7—Anice Hawkins v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad

Co. (1952) 

The plaintiff was moved to a segregated car on a train from Florida. The car

was loaded with “baggage and corpses” and was considered a Jim Crow car.

IV.109 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case File: Civil Case 97­356—Fitzgerald, Ella, et al. v. Pan American World

Airways, Inc. (1954)

Ella  Fitzgerald  was  denied  permission  to  fly  from  Honolulu  to  Sydney,

Australia, because of her race. The complaint was dismissed for “failure to

state a claim upon which relief may be granted.” The case was appealed to

the Second Circuit under case number 23850.

IV.110 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case File: Civil Case 85­373—Otis Gerst, Mable Gerst and Lillie Barnett v.

Pennsylvania Railroad and Southern Railway System (1953)

The  plaintiffs  were  forced  to  wait  for  their  train  in  a  segregated  waiting

room and to ride in an all black car from Virginia to Washington, DC. The

case was dismissed when the plaintiffs failed to appear to file depositions.

IV.111 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case File: Criminal Case 17­348, 31­37 and 33­688—United States v. Marcus

Garvey, Elie Garcia, Orlando M. Thompson and George Tobias (1922–23)

Marcus Garvey and the others indicted with him were accused of defrauding investors in the Black Star Line using the U.S. Post Office. The company claimed that it owned ships that would be used to transport people and

freight to Africa. Workmen and material would travel to Africa on the ships

“to build up the Republic of Liberia for the Race.”

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IV.112 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case File: Civil Case 4098—Leslie Teylor and Kevin Taylor, et al. v. the Board

of Education of New Rochelle (1960)

After  New  York  State  Education  Commissioner  James  E. Allen, Jr., dismissed  an  appeal  by  five  New  Rochelle  residents  who  contended  that

replacing the outmoded Lincoln School on its present site would perpetuate a segregated Negro school, the parents of eleven Negro children brought

suit  in  the  district  court  in  the  Southern  District  of New York. The  suit

charged that the New Rochelle Board of Education operated racially segregated public elementary schools.

IV.113 Records of the District Courts, Southern District of New York

Case File: Civil Case 2889—Martin Luther King, Jr. v. Mister Maestro, Inc. &

Twentieth Century­Fox Record Corporation (1963)

Martin Luther King, Jr., sued Mister Maestro for recording and selling his

speech known as “I Have a Dream,” delivered during the 1963 March on

Washington. The file contains a deposition signed by Dr. King and a printed copy of the speech.

Record Group 181
 

Records of Naval Districts and Shore Establishments
 

IV.114 Case  File: Historical  Record  of the  Liaison  Officer  for  Negro

Personnel, 1944–1945

On March 7, 1944, Lt. Howard Knag, USNR, assumed the position of Third

Naval District liaison for Negro personnel under the District Welfare and

Recreation Office. This report described actions that the Office would take

to reduce the number and severity of race­related problems. The report also

contains detailed statistics on number and concentration of black seamen

achieving the rank of petty officer, and the character and qualifications of

African American sailors as factors in promotions.

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NARA—MID ATLANTIC REGION (CENTER CITY PHILADELPHIA)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.115 Records of the U.S. District Courts, Delaware

Case File: Civil Case 56­1816—Coalition, et al. v. State Board, et al.

In May 1956, the parents of Brenda Evans and 18 other African American

children filed suit in the District Court of Delaware against the members of

the  State  Board  of Education  of Delaware, the  State  Superintendent  of

Public Instruction, and the board of trustees of the Clayton School District

in  Kent  County, DE, claiming  that  the  policy  of the  defendants  to  deny

admission of the plaintiffs (based on their color) to all­white schools in the

district  violated  their  14th  Amendment  rights. Despite  the  defendant’s

attempts  to  get  the  case  dismissed, Judge  Paul  Leahy  issued  a  summary

judgment in favor of the plaintiffs in March 1957 and ordered the Clayton

School District to integrate by the fall term of 1957. This ruling spawned

other civil actions filed by African Americans in seven different school districts in the State of Delaware. These other cases were consolidated with the

Evans case. In July 1957, Judge Leahy ordered summary judgments in favor

of the plaintiffs in the other seven cases. The rulings were appealed to the

Third Circuit Court of Appeals and to the U.S. Supreme Court. Both higher courts affirmed the District Court’s rulings in May and October 1958,

respectively. The  school  boards  were  ordered  to  present  a  desegregation

plan for the fall term of 1959. The school boards’ desegregation plan called

for integration to take place at one grade per year until 1970.

In July 1959 the district court approved the 12­year desegregation plan, but

that ruling was reversed by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, and that

reversal was sustained by the Supreme Court in September 1960. The case

returned back to the district court for further litigation. In July 1961, the

district court ordered all schools in the State of Delaware to admit students

on a non­racially­discriminatory basis. However, the state school board and

the local school districts continued to delay implementing a desegregation

plan. In July 1969 the State Assembly passed legislation calling for a reorganization of the school system in Delaware to eliminate racial discrimination, but  the  legislation  exempted  the  school  district  in  the  City  of

Wilmington  from  benefiting  from  the  plan. The  plaintiffs  petitioned  the

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district court in 1971, complaining that a dual educational system based on

race still existed in the City of Wilmington. The schools contained within

Wilmington were predominately African American, whereas the schools in

the Wilmington suburbs were all white. The plaintiffs wanted the reorganization act to apply also to Wilmington schools.

In 1974 a three­judge panel of the U.S. District Court of Delaware ruled

that the provision of the school reorganization act that exempted the City

of Wilmington from being reorganized and run on a racially nondiscriminatory  basis  was  unconstitutional  and  ordered  the  Wilmington  School

District  to  submit  a  new  plan  that  was  racially  nondiscriminatory. The

defendants appealed the ruling to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld

the district court’s ruling in 1975 and 1978.

IV.116 Records of the U.S. District Courts, Maryland

Case  File: Civil  Case  170—Walter  Mills  vs. Board  of Education  of Anne

Arundel County (Maryland) and George Fox (filed 1939)

Walter Mills, a black schoolteacher and principal in Anne Arundel County,

MD, sued  the  county  board  of education  and  its  superintendent  over

teacher and principal salaries. A Maryland State statute set lower minimum

salaries for schoolteachers employed at a “colored school” than for schoolteachers employed at a “whites only” school. The statutory minimum annual  salary  was  $1,250  for  white  teachers  and  $765  for  black  teachers. The

court  ordered  a  cessation  of salary  discrimination  based  on  race, but

refused to order the board not to pay black teachers less than white teachers. The lead attorney for the plaintiff was Thurgood Marshall.

IV.117 Records of the U.S. District Courts, Maryland

Case File: Civil Case 21,552— Montebello Community Association, et al. v.

Morris Goldseker, et al.

In 1970 African American residents in Baltimore, along with local community  groups, filed  a  civil  action  case  against  real  estate  corporations. For

years, the real estate corporations had refused to allow African Americans

to purchase or lease houses or real estate in and around Baltimore City. The

number  of plaintiffs  was  so  numerous  that  to  bring  them  all  into  court

would have been impractical. However, the 78 or so plaintiffs that were chosen to be witnesses acted as adequate protectors and representatives of the

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community as a whole. Each of the defendants in the case had at one time

denied African Americans sales or leases to real estate. The plaintiff’s argument  relied  solely  upon  the  fact  that  residential  discrimination  created

racial  segregation; the  real  estate  corporations  then  led  many  African

Americans to sell their homes at depreciated values by means of exploitive

economic fears. During the trial most of the information about the land

purchases or lack thereof came from the defendants themselves; the plaintiffs had few or no records of transactions. Consequently, the lack of

records—and therefore proof of their accusations—hurt the plaintiffs’ case

tremendously. The defendants filed a motion for dismissal of the complaint.

The defendants won the case because the court found no concrete evidence

that the real estate corporations were using discriminatory practices.

IV.118 Records of the U.S. District Courts, Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Case  File: Civil  39404—Commonwealth  of Pennsylvania, et  al. v. Revelle

Brown, et al.

Stephen Girard, a noted Philadelphia philanthropist, died in 1831, leaving

behind  a  will  that  provided  for  the  establishment  of a  college  for  white

orphan males from the ages of 6 to 18 who resided in Philadelphia. The college was opened in 1848 and was administered by the City of Philadelphia

from 1848 to 1959.After 1956, lawsuits were filed in the municipal and state

courts of Pennsylvania arguing that the provisions of Stephen Girard’s will

violated  the  14th  Amendment  rights  of African  American  students  who

wanted to apply for admission to Girard College. The municipal and state

courts denied these petitions, and the case ended up in the U.S. Supreme

Court, which ruled in 1958 that the City of Philadelphia could not legally

enforce the racial restrictions contained in the will. Therefore, it would have

to  cede  administrative  control  of Girard  College. In  1959  the  City  of

Philadelphia ceded control of Girard College to a board of trustees designated by the Orphans Court of Philadelphia County. The trustees continued to enforce the racially restrictive clauses of Stephen Girard’s will.

In December 1965, seven African American male orphans were denied admission to Girard College whereupon the guardians of those children petitioned

the U.S. district court for an injunction against the trustees of Girard College,

arguing that the racially restrictive clauses violated the 14th Amendment rights

of the plaintiffs and the terms of the Pennsylvania PublicAccommodationsAct,

which forbade segregation of public facilities.In November 1966,Judge Joseph

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Lord III ruled that the Pennsylvania Public Accommodations Act prohibited

the trustees of Girard College from denying admission to eligible minority students. Judge Lord ruled that the plaintiffs should be admitted at once. The

defendants appealed to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals for an injunction of

the district court’s order, which was granted. In April 1967 the Third Circuit

Court of Appeals vacated the district court’s order, citing errors in the ruling

that the Pennsylvania Public Accommodations Act forbade the denial of

admission to Girard College by minority students. The case went back to the

District Court for further hearings.

In July 1967, District Court Judge Lord reaffirmed his judgment in favor of

the plaintiffs but also stayed his injunction against the trustees of Girard

College until the Third Circuit Court of Appeals could affirm or deny the

district court’s decision. The stay of the plaintiffs injunction remained in

effect until July 16, 1969, when the Third Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed

the district court’s decision and granted the plaintiff’s injunction against

the trustees of Girard College.

IV.119 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Eastern  District  of Virginia,

Newport News Division

Case File: Civil Case 489—Jerome Atkins, et al. v. School Board of the City of

Newport News, Virginia, et al.

In April 1956, the parents of Jerome Atkins and 53 other children filed suit

in the U.S. district court alleging that the school board of Newport News,

VA, was denying the plaintiffs their civil rights under the 14th Amendment

by continuing to enforce racial segregation in the city schools. The plaintiffs

petitioned the court to restrain the school board from barring admission to

any student on the grounds of race. The lead attorney for the plaintiffs was

future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. Trial proceedings were

held in November 1956, and in February 1957 the district court ruled that

racial segregation in the Newport News school system must end and that the

schools must be opened on an integrated basis by the start of the 1957–58

school year. The defendants appealed the ruling to the Fourth Circuit Court

of Appeals.In July 1957 the circuit court upheld the District Court’s decision

ending racial segregation in the Newport News school system.

IV.120 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Eastern  District  of Virginia,

Norfolk Division

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Case File: Civil Case 50—Walter B. Alston, et al. v. School Board of the City

of Norfolk, et al.

In October 1938 attorney Thurgood Marshall filed a petition for Norfolk

teacher Arline Black. Black was seeking salary equalization from the School

Board of the City of Norfolk and was consequently fired.After Black moved

to New York, Marshall filed the suit on behalf of Melvin Alston, president

of the  Norfolk  Teachers  Association. Though  they  lost  the  first  case, a

Federal  appeals  court  ordered  that  African  American  teachers  should  be

paid salaries equal to those of white teachers. The plaintiffs in the case stated that their constitutional right of “equal protection”—guaranteed under

the  14th Amendment  —was  being  violated  due  to  the  school  board  discriminating  on  the  grounds  of race  and  color. The  1940  case  found  that

white and African American public school teachers with comparable qualifications needed to be paid equally. This case was one of the first cases to

assert equal educational rights for African Americans.

IV.121 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Eastern  District  of Virginia,

Richmond Division

Case File: Civil Case 1333—Davis, et al. v. County School Board of Prince

Edward County

The Dorothy Davis case raised the issue of equality between the county’s

white and non­white schools. Prince Edward County, VA, had three high

schools at the time: the whites­only Farmville and Worsham High Schools,

and  the  blacks­only  Moton  High  School. As  demonstrated  by  testimony

and photographs, the educational facilities and courses were decidedly not

equal. When  the  U.S. district  court  ruled  in  favor  of the  defendants, the

plaintiffs appealed to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Eventually, the

Dorothy  Davis  case  became  one  of the  five  cases  decided  by  the  U.S.

Supreme  Court  under  the  name  of Brown v. Board  of Education. Having

decided in Brown that the separate but equal doctrine laid out in previous

decisions was no longer valid, the Supreme Court ordered the desegregation of all public school districts. However, the decree from the U.S. district

court allowed Prince Edward County to continue operating as before until

a statewide desegregation policy was established. Like so many other school

districts, Prince Edward County fought the Supreme Court decision. Their

tactics were unorthodox—rather than desegregate the school system, they

simply closed the public schools. A private school, funded with vouchers

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from the county school board, was founded which accepted only the white

children of the county. The Davis case was resurrected first as Eva Allen v.

the County School Board and later as Cocheyse J. Griffin v. the County School

Board in order to force Prince Edward County to reopen the public schools

and follow the original mandate of the Supreme Court. Finally, in 1964, the

Supreme Court ruled that the county was required to provide public education to all children. Appeals of this case are filed in Record Group 276,

Records  of the  U.S. Court  of Appeals, Fourth  Circuit  Case  Files  #  7829,

8837, 9597, and 10,191.

IV.122 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Eastern  District  of Virginia,

Richmond Division

Case File: Civil Case 4266— Charles C. Green, et al. v. County School Board

of New Kent County (VA)

On March 15, 1965, the parents of Charles C. Green and 35 other plaintiffs

filed suit in U.S. district court alleging that the county school board of New

Kent County, VA, had failed to properly desegregate the student population

and faculty of the New Kent County school system. The plaintiffs were petitioning the court to order the county school board to comply with Brown v.

Board of Education Supreme Court rulings and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The case was tried in May 1966, and a plan for the desegregation of the New

Kent County school system was submitted by the school board. The plan

called for all families to have the “freedom­of­choice” to send their children

to whatever school they desired. The district court approved this plan in June

1966. The plaintiffs appealed this ruling to the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals,

stating that the desegregation plan did not properly achieve true racial integration. The plaintiffs stated that whereas African American students could

choose to attend the formerly all­white New Kent County school, white students were refusing to attend the formerly all African American George

Watkins school, thus making the latter school a racially segregated educational facility. The circuit court of appeals upheld the district court’s approval of

the school board’s “freedom­of­choice” plan, whereupon the plaintiffs

appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled in May 1968 that

the “freedom­of­choice” plan failed to meet the standard of school desegregation. The Supreme Court vacated the district court and circuit court’s

approval of the “freedom­of­choice” plan and ordered the district court to

order the New Kent County School Board to come up with a new plan. In

August 1968, the district court ordered that the New Kent County School

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Board adopt a plan for integrating its schools and that each school’s student

body have a minimum of 25 percent minority representation. The Green case

is important because it set a judicial precedent used by other Federal district

courts in the 1970s in mandating busing and other desegregation actions in

order to achieve a truly nonracial system of public education in America.

IV.123 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Eastern  District  of Virginia,

Richmond Division

Case File: Civil Case 3536—United States v. County School Board of Prince

George County, et al.

In 1962, the Department of Defense began to address the matter of desegregating educational facilities and family housing on military bases, in particular  Fort  Lee, VA. Fourteen  years  prior  to  the  case, President  Harry

Truman issued Executive Order 9981, which stated that the highest standards of democracy were to be maintained in the Armed Forces; equality of

treatment and opportunity were to be implemented immediately.

Coincidentally, African  American  servicemen  and  their  children  did  not

receive the equal treatment guaranteed under Truman’s order. As a result,

the case was brought before the Eastern District court of Richmond, pitting

the Department of Defense against the school board; specifically the Pupil

Placement Board of Petersburg and Prince George County. During the trial

the prosecution showed the court that not only were the defendants blatantly refusing accommodation for minority students but the board had a

policy in effect that prevented minority children from receiving the same

rights  during  the  application  process. Citing  Truman’s  order, the  14th

Amendment and the fact that they honorably served their country during

war time, the servicemen won the case. All schools on military bases were

to be desegregated without delay. This case led to a 1963 directive written

by Secretary of Defense McNamara that ordered the immediate elimination

of discrimination in family housing.

IV.124 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Western  District  of Virginia,

Charlottesville Division

Case  File: Civil  Case  30—Gregory  Hayes  Swanson v. The  Rector  and  the

Visitors of the University of Virginia

In  the  summer  of 1950, an  African  American  lawyer  named  Gregory

Swanson  applied  to  take  additional  graduate  courses  at  the  University  of

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Virginia’s Law School. Swanson had graduated from Howard Law School

and  was  seeking  to  take  graduate  courses  at  the  University  of Virginia.

However, when Swanson applied to the school, his application was denied

because of his race.At the time,Virginia’s higher education segregation laws

did  not  permit  African  Americans  to  enter  a  white  school. As  a  result,

Swanson—with  the  help  of Thurgood  Marshall  and  Charles  Houston—

took the case to the Western District Court of Virginia. During the court’s

proceedings, Swanson pointed out that he would have been accepted to the

school  had  he  been  white  with  the  same  qualifications. During  the  trial,

Swanson told the court that he was merely trying to exercise his legal right

to  freedom  from  discrimination. While  the  segregation  laws  of Virginia

were designed to prevent blacks from entering schools of higher education,

the  laws  clearly  had  a  bigger  enemy  than  Swanson: the  United  States

Constitution. The  14th  Amendment  states  that  “No  state  can  make  or

enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens

of the United States.” Furthermore, Swanson’s legal team brought to light

two other desegregation cases in their arguments. Pearson v. Murray stated

that the state cannot undertake the function of education in law, and that

no person may be omitted from education because of skin color. The case

also stated that students must be offered equal treatment. The second case,

Sweatt v. Painter, took place in Texas. The court’s ruling backed Swanson’s

argument  by  saying, “We  hold  that  the  Equal  Protection  Clause  of the

Fourteenth  Amendment  requires  that  the  petitioner  be  admitted  to  the

University of Texas Law School.” In reaching the final decision, the three

U.S. circuit  court  judges  agreed  that  Swanson  was  denied  entry  into  the

University of Virginia Law School solely because he was a member of the

“Negro Race.” The judges went on to say that Swanson possessed all of the

scholastic and moral qualifications necessary for him to be accepted into

the law school. By use of the 14th Amendment, Swanson and his legal team

were  able  to  break  down  the  race  barriers  that  were  designed  to  keep

African Americans out of Virginia higher educational facilities. This landmark  decision  by  the Western  District  of Virginia  successfully  concluded

that  no  person  could  be  held  back  from  a  higher  education  exclusively

because of their race or skin color.

IV.125 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Western  District  of Virginia,

Lynchburg Division

Case File: Civil Case 534—Jackson, et al. v. School Board of Lynchburg

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In September 1961 the parents of Cecelia Jackson, Linda Woodruff, Owen

Cardwell, and  Brenda  Hughes  filed  suit  against  the  School  Board  of

Lynchburg  and  the  Pupil  Placement  Board  of the  Commonwealth  of

Virginia in U.S. district court. The plaintiffs petitioned the court to have

their  children  admitted  to  the  all­white  E. C. Glass  High  School  in

Lynchburg, alleging  that  the  school  board  was  not  complying  with  the

Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court rulings that called for school

desegregation.In November 1961 Judge Thomas Michie ordered the School

Board of Lynchburg to admit Linda Woodruff and Owen Cardwell to E. C.

Glass  High  School  but  denied  admission  to  Cecelia  Jackson  and  Brenda

Hughes, claiming  that  their  grades  and  low  scores  in  their  aptitude  tests

made them academically unfit for admission to that school. Judge Michie

also  ordered  the  school  board  to  submit  a  plan  for  desegregating  the

Lynchburg school system. The school board submitted a plan in February

1962 calling for the desegregation of the Lynchburg school system at one

grade  per  year. The  judge  approved  the  plan. The  plaintiffs  appealed  the

judge’s rulings with regard to Cecelia Jackson and Brenda Hughes and the

desegregation plan to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. In September

1962  the  court  of appeals  reversed  Michie’s  ruling  denying  admission  of

Jackson and Hughes to the E. C. Glass School and approving the desegregation  plan. Jackson  and  Hughes  were  ordered  to  be  admitted  to  the  E. C.

Glass High School, and the School Board of Lynchburg was ordered to submit a new plan for desegregation. For the next nine years the case would

continue to be adjudicated with regard to handling the question as to how

and when the Lynchburg school system would be desegregated. It would

not be until 1971 that a final plan would be put into effect that created a

racially balanced system in the City of Lynchburg.

IV.126 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Western  District  of Virginia,

Roanoke Division

Case File: Civil Case 341—P. C. Corbin v. the County School Board of Pulaski

County, Virginia

In 1947, African American attorneys Oliver Hill and Spottswood Robinson

represented a legal suit initiated by Dr. P. C. Corbin on behalf of his son,

Mahatma  Corbin. This  case  became  part  of a  movement  of local  classaction lawsuits orchestrated by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal

Defense Fund to equalize the public education of blacks. Mahatma Corbin

v. County School Board of Pulaski County was one of the last equalization

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cases  the  NAACP  Legal  Defense  undertook  before  pursuing  the Virginia

desegregation case, Davis v. County School Board Prince Edward County. Dr.

Corbin filed this lawsuit in Virginia Federal court with the intent to achieve

an improved education environment for his son. The bus ride to

Christiansburg  was  very  long  and  cold. The  school  was  poorly  heated. A

young girl had died of tuberculosis in 1941 partly due to the conditions,

according to briefs filed. The Christiansburg School was also below standard and did not provide adequate preparation for college. As evidence, the

legal team presented extensive photographs of school conditions.

Spottswood and Hill lost the first round in the Virginia Federal court. Six

months later, in November 1949, Baltimore’s U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of

Appeals came down on Corbin’s side: The courts, the judge pronounced,

have a “solemn duty” to strike down “forbidden racial discrimination.” A

school  board  spokesman  said  officials  were  “shocked” by  the  decision,

insisting that “no discrimination against Negroes existed.” A week later the

board met to discuss a possible Supreme Court appeal. At that meeting, the

board  refused  to  provide  high  school  facilities  for  blacks  in  Pulaski. The

case  did  not  proceed  further. Shortly  thereafter, the  NAACP  rolled  out  a

new  strategy  attacking  segregation  head­on  in  the  Supreme  Court. Local

battles for equalization were abandoned.

IV.127 Records  of the  U.S. District  Courts, Western  District  of Virginia,

Lynchburg Division

Case File: Civil Case 66­C­10­L—Sweet Briar Institute v. Button, et al.

In  1966, Sweet  Briar  Institute, a  women’s  college  founded  in  1901  in

Amherst,VA, matriculated its first African American student. The Attorney

General  of the  State  of Virginia  and  the  Commonwealth  Attorney  for

Amherst  County, VA, filed  an  injunction  against  Sweet  Briar  Institute,

claiming that the institute was in violation of the will of Indiana Fletcher

Williams. The will, probated in 1901, bequeathed the land for the establishment of Sweet Briar Institute on the condition that only white females be

admitted as students. In April 1966 Sweet Briar Institute filed suit in the

Amherst County Court and in the U.S. district court in Lynchburg asking

that a restraining order against the State injunction be issued. Sweet Briar

argued  that  the  State  and  county’s  enforcement  of the  racially  restrictive

provisions of the will was harmful to Sweet Briar’s ability to attract topquality faculty and students to the college and to receive Federal education

grants. The district court promptly issued the restraining order. The defen236
 
   

     

     

               

   

   

   

             

dants appealed the restraining order and asked that the case be heard before

a three­judge panel. In July 1996 the case was argued before the three­judge

panel in Charlottesville. The plaintiffs asked the panel to uphold the district

court’s restraining order. The defendants requested that as long as the case

was  still  pending  in  the  Amherst  County  Court  that  the  Federal  court

abstain from ruling on the restraining order until the county case was concluded. In December 1966 the three­judge panel ruled against Sweet Briar

Institute  by  deciding  to  abstain  from  intervening  against  the  injunction

filed  by  the  State  of Virginia  and  Amherst  County  against  Sweet  Briar

Institute. Sweet  Briar  Institute  appealed  this  ruling  to  the  U.S. Supreme

Court, which, in  May  1967, overturned  the  decision  of the  three­judge

panel and ordered that the district court’s restraining order against the State

of Virginia and Amherst County be enforced, which was done by the district court in July 1967.

NARA—PACIFIC REGION (SAN FRANCISCO)

Record Group 21
 

Records of the District Courts of the United States
 

IV.128 Records of the U.S. District Court, San Francisco

Case File: Civil Case 70­1331—“Report to Federal District Court Regarding

Elementary School Desegregation” from the San Francisco Unified School

District, June 24, 1977

This was apparently a major school desegregation action filed for the San

Francisco  Unified  School  District, resulting  in  a  court­decreed  citywide

desegregation plan. Records currently available are only a fragment of the

actual case: “Report to Federal District Court Regarding Elementary School

Desegregation” from the San Francisco Unified School District, dated June

24, 1977. The report includes brief narrative sections and statistical breakdowns of the demographic composition of elementary schools in the district. The  report  was  required  for  the  school  district  to  “Comply  with

Section IV paragraph (J) of the 1971 Federal Court Order to desegregate

the elementary schools of the . . . District . . .,” which was directed “to file

with the Court within twenty days after the end of each school year, until

the Court may otherwise order, a report showing [in] reasonable detail all

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actions taken to comply with this Judgment and Decree . . . .” A major portion  of the  case  is  not  in  National  Archives  custody, but  still  in  Federal

Records  Center  holdings  (21­79­A­0004). That  material  should  be  accessioned to the regional archives sometime in 2006.

IV.129 Records of the U.S. District Court, San Francisco

Case File: Civil Case 70­627—Kinney Kinmon Lau, a Minor by and through

Mrs. Kam  Kinmon  Lau, his  Guardian  ad  Litem, et  al. v. Alan  H. Nichols,

President, et al.

This court case documents a class­action suit brought in U.S. district court

and evidently appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court, which decided against

the petitioners, and then to the Supreme Court, which in 1974 established

that: “The failure of the San Francisco school system to provide English language instruction to approximately 1,800 students of Chinese ancestry who

do not speak English, or to provide them with other adequate instructional procedures, denies them a meaningful opportunity to participate in the

public  educational  program  and  thus  violates  [section]  601  of the  Civil

Rights Act of 1964, which bans discrimination based on the ground of race,

color, or  national  origin,” in  “any  program  or  activity  receiving  Federal

financial assistance,” and the implementing regulations of the Department

of Health, Education, and  Welfare, pp. 565–69. The Supreme Court

declared that the placement of non­English­ speaking students in “mainstream classrooms” was a violation of their civil rights. The circuit court’s

decision was reversed and remanded.

IV.130 Records of the U.S. District Court, San Francisco

Case File: Criminal 27635—Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu v. The United States

Fred Korematsu, an American citizen by birth, was a welder, living in San

Leandro, CA, at the outbreak of the World War II. He had tried to enlist in

the Navy in June 1941, but was rejected. He was fired from his job after the

United States entered the war. He attempted to avoid evacuation by living

under a false name and undergoing plastic surgery. He wanted to remain

with his non­Asian­American girlfriend, but also believed the evacuation

orders  were  wrong  in  principle  and  violated  the  Constitution. He  was

arrested in May 1942 for violating Civilian Exclusion Order 34, brought to

trial, and convicted of a criminal misdemeanor in the U.S. district court at

San  Francisco. He  appealed  his  conviction  to  the  Ninth  Circuit  Court  of

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Appeals, which  referred  the  constitutional  question  to  the  U.S. Supreme

Court. On December 18, 1944, the Supreme Court, in a majority decision,

overruled Korematsu’s petition, arguing that Public Law 503, the basis for

the exclusion orders, was justified due to military necessity. In 1983, Mr.

Korematsu brought a petition for writ of error against the United States in

the U.S. district court in San Francisco, petitioning that his conviction be

completely overturned. The Government concurred, writing:

“In 1942, petitioner [Korematsu] was one of a very few standard

bearers who chose to challenge the propriety of World War II military orders which resulted in mass evacuation of . . . persons of

Japanese ancestry from the west coast. Both of these branches of

government have long since concluded that the mass evacuation

was part of an unfortunate episode in our nation’s history. In the

1976 presidential proclamation formally rescinding Executive

Order 9066, President Ford praised the sacrifice and contributions

of Japanese­Americans  and  called  upon  the American  people  to

affirm with him the lesson ‘learned from the tragedy of that longago experience forever to treasure liberty and justice for each individual American, and resolve that this kind of action shall never

again  be  repeated.’ In  this  specific  context, the  government  has

concluded . . . that it would not be appropriate to defend this forty

year old misdemeanor conviction . . . . [T]he government hereby

moves to vacate petitioner’s conviction and dismiss the underlying

indictment.”

Mr. Korematsu did not agree to his petition being “vacated,” and his attorneys argued vigorously that the “underlying merits and constitutionality”

of the  internment  should  be  reconsidered. In  a  subsequent  hearing, U.S.

District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel stated that the Government had, in effect,

confessed its error and that the court retained the power to “clear” its own

records “where they are contaminated by unjust proceedings.” She denied

the government’s motion to vacate and ruled in Mr. Korematsu’s favor. In

her  opinion  on  the  case, Judge  Patel  wrote: “Korematsu remains  on  the

pages of our legal and political history. As a legal precedent, it is now recognized as having very limited application. As historical precedent it stands

as a constant caution that in times of war or declared military necessity our

institutions  must  be  vigilant  in  protecting  constitutional  guarantees. It

stands as a caution that in times of distress the shield of military necessity

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and  national  security  must  not  be  used  to  protect  governmental  actions

from close scrutiny and accountability.”

Record Group 276
 

Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals
 

IV.131 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

Case Files: Case 71­1877—David Johnson, et al. v. San Francisco Unified School

District; Case 71­1878—David Johnson, et al. v. San Francisco Unified School

District, with Robert G. Nelson, et al., Interveners­Appellants; Case 71­2105—

David Johnson,et al. v. San Francisco Unified School District,et al. and Natl.Assn.

for the Advancement of Colored People, with Guey Heung Lee, et al. Plaintiffs in

Intervention­Appellants; Case 71­2163—David Johnson, et al. v. San Francisco

Unified School District; Case 71­2189—David Johnson, et al. v. San Francisco

Unified School District, with Robert G. Nelson, et al., Interveners­Appellants

These cases date from 1971 and represent appeal actions in a school desegregation case originally brought on behalf of black elementary school children in the San Francisco Unified School District. There are five briefs in

the case(s), all filed in one place. We have not yet been able to determine

with  certainty  the  original  district  court  case  number(s)  (perhaps  C­70­

1331) or to develop a summary of the case.At least one of the Ninth Circuit

appeals evidently went on to the Supreme Court. In at least one instance

(Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson , 404 U.S. 1215 1971), Americans of Chinese

ancestry sought a stay of a Federal district court’s order reassigning pupils

of Chinese  ancestry  to  elementary  public  schools  in  San  Francisco. The

order was made in a school desegregation case, the San Francisco Unified

School District having submitted a comprehensive plan for desegregation

which the district court approved. The Chinese­American plaintiffs’ application for a stay was denied.

IV.132 Records of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit Court

Case File: 26­155—Kinney Kinmon Lau, a Minor by and through Mrs. Kam

Kinmon Lau, his Guardian ad Litem, et al. vs. Alan H. Nichols, President, et al.

This court case documents a class­action suit brought in U.S. district court,

and evidently appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court, which decided against

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the petitioners, and then to the Supreme Court, which in 1974 established

that: “The failure of the San Francisco school system to provide English language instruction to approximately 1,800 students of Chinese ancestry who

do not speak English, or to provide them with other adequate instructional procedures, denies them a meaningful opportunity to participate in the

public  educational  program  and  thus  violates  [section]  601  of the  Civil

Rights  Act  of 1964, which  bans  discrimination  based” on  the  ground  of

race, color, or national origin in “any program or activity receiving Federal

financial assistance, and the implementing regulations of the Department

of Health, Education, and  Welfare, pp. 565–569.” The  Supreme  Court

declared that the placement of non­English­ speaking students in “mainstream classrooms” was a violation of their civil rights. The circuit court’s

decision was reversed and remanded.

Record Group 129
 

Records of the Bureau of Prisons
 

RECORDS OF THE BUREAU OF PRISONS, 1870–1981

IV.133 NARA’s Pacific Region (San Francisco) holds Comprehensive

Inmate Case Files of prisoners incarcerated at the U.S. Federal Penitentiary,

Alcatraz Island, CA, ca 1924–ca 1988. A staff member recalls at least one

case file from the post­World War II era that includes documents relating

to the inmate’s complaint that, as a convert to the Muslim religion, he was

denied  the  right  to  correspond  with  leaders  of his  faith, including  Elijah

Muhammad and Malcolm X.At the present time we are searching our databases and processing notes to identify the case.

Record Group 228
 

Records of the Committee on Fair Employment Practice
 

RECORDS OF THE COMMITTEE ON
 

FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICE, 1941–1946
 

IV.134 During World War II, the President’s Committee on Fair

Employment Practice (FEPC) sought to end racial discrimination in war

industry. The majority of this discrimination was directed against

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Americans of African descent. NARA’s Pacific Region (San Francisco) holds

20  cubic  feet  of records  of Region  XII, San  Francisco, which  served

California, Nevada, Oregon, and  Washington. The records document

actions  taken  on  racial  and  religious  discrimination  complaints  filed

against Federal Government agencies, private employers, and labor unions.

Included are case files, clippings, correspondence, index cards, and reports.

Case  files  include  correspondence  from  complainants  and  organizations

alleged  to  be  engaged  in  discriminatory  practices, summaries  of charges,

and reports on the progress and disposition of the case. The records are not

indexed  by  name  of person  filing  the  complaint, but  by  the  company  or

organization being investigated.

1. Case File: 12­UR­76—Boilermakers, Local 6, San Francisco

This case arose from the fact that the International Brotherhood of Boiler

Makers, Iron Ship Builders, Welders and Helpers refused to admit Negro

workers  as  members. The  San  Francisco  Local  6  chapter  of the  union

required  African  Americans  employed  at  the  Marinship  Corporation,

Sausalito, CA, to pay union dues and enroll in a union “auxiliary” in order

to  continue  employment. The  Negro  workers  strongly  objected  to  this

requirement. A flyer they issued on May 22, 1943, stated,“We are Americans

and we are at war. There is no time for discrimination and segregation in

Defense work. We are all trying to win this war and we must win. Then will

a thousand or more Negroes be thrown out of work because they want their

rights as Americans? We will have no part of an auxiliary . . . .” The union

stood  firm, and  in  November  1943  Marinship  began  discharging  Negro

workers. Three suits were brought in the U.S. District Court at San Francisco

(Joseph James, et al. v. International Brotherhood of Boiler Makers . . ., No.

22972­R; W.H. Griffin, et al. v. International Brotherhood of Boilermakers . . .,

No. 22992­R; Earl  C. Browne, et  al. v. International  Brotherhood  of Boiler

Makers . . ., No. 22993­R). The court granted the defendant’s (the union’s)

motion to dismiss on the grounds that it lacked jurisdiction, and the case

was not resolved to the complainants’ satisfaction. It appears that some of

the African American workers did join the auxiliary in order to continue

employment.

2. Case File: 12­GR­55—Puget Sound Navy Yard, [Bremerton, WA]

This  case  involved  a  complainant’s  allegations  that  Negro  workers  were

housed  in  very  poor  conditions  at  Puget  Sound  Navy  Yard  dormitories.

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Commandant Rear Admiral S.V. Taffinder wrote to assure the complainant

“that all measures are being taken to insure proper treatment of our Negro

workers. The Management of this Yard desires to make clear to you, and to

all colored employees, that it makes no distinction as between workers of

one race or another, or one creed or another. . . . [All] workers are regarded

in the same light; as American citizens with but one thought—to win this

war and win it quickly. Management is confident that you realize the difficulties it faces in this matter, and your utmost cooperation is requested . . .

.” The complainant was subsequently discharged. Asked for an explanation,

the commandant wrote that the complainant was “definitely a troublemaker. He was interviewed many times by officers of this yard, as well as my

personnel assistant of his own race. Unanimously it was felt that [his] conduct was detrimental to the war effort. Accordingly, he was discharged . . .

.”The case was withdrawn by the complainant, apparently in favor of a subsequent case he was to bring. The file includes a copy of a 22­page report

on  a “Conference  on  Negro  Naval  Personnel, Thirteenth  Naval  District,

Seattle, Washington, 31 March 1944,” which contains narrative data of significant sociological and historical interest. The report summarizes numbers of African Americans in various 13th Naval District activities and stationed at various naval air stations; and discusses civilian attitudes toward

them, radical agitation among African Americans in the district, and conditions and circumstances at various naval air stations, some of which were

located  near  small  towns  whose  populations  evinced  great  reluctance  to

accommodate or provide services to African Americans. The report presents a detailed account of the proceedings of the conference and includes a

summary and recommendations.

Record Group 381
 

Records of the Community Services Administration
 

RECORDS OF THE COMMUNITY SERVICES
 

ADMINISTRATION, 1967–1979
 

IV.135 The  Community  Services  Administration  (CSA), 1975–81, was

established  by  the  Headstart, Economic  Opportunity  and  Community

Partnership Act of 1974 to coordinate and administer Federal antipoverty

programs. The holdings include 6 cubic feet of records of its predecessor,

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the Office of Economic Opportunity, 1967–69, and 1 cubic foot of records

of the CSA, 1979–80. The records originated in the Region 9 Office, San

Francisco, which served Alaska, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii,

Nevada, Oregon, the Pacific Trust Territory, and Washington. The records

relate to planning, monitoring, and auditing OEO programs; compliance

with  provisions  of the  Civil  Rights  Act  of 1964; advocacy  of affirmative

action; liaison with state and local agencies; and other topics. The holdings

of this record group are fragmentary, and it is not clear how representative

they  are  of the  full  range  of the  agency’s  work. Most  of the  records  are

administrative  in  nature, relating  program  planning  and  direction, and

provide insight into the philosophical orientation of the agency. Of special

interest are files on civil rights compliance reviews, 1979, for the

Sacramento Area Economic Opportunity Council; the Contra Costa

County  Community  Action  Program; and  the  Committee  for  Economic

Opportunity, Tucson, Arizona. The files document assessments undertaken

to evaluate the compliance of the agencies in question with Federal requirements and to determine their eligibility to continue to receive Federal grant

funds from the CSA.

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PART IV: Presidential Libraries

HARRY S. TRUMAN LIBRARY,

INDEPENDENCE, MISSOURI

V.1 Papers as U.S. Senator and Vice President, 1935–1945 (approximately

30 pp.)

These papers include press releases and speeches.

V.2 President’s Secretary Files, 1945–1953 (approximately 24 pp.)

These files include a list of the members of the President’s Committee on

Equality  of Treatment  and  Opportunity  in  the Armed  Services, drafts  of

suggested remarks by the President to the members of the Committee, and

progress reports from the Committee to the President, as well as information on the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), civil rights, fair employment practices, and Walter White.

V.3 Post­Presidential Papers, 1953–1972 (approximately 800 pp.)

These  papers  include  post­Presidential  memoirs, information  on  civil

rights, and interviews with Robert B. Landry and Philip B. Perlman.

V.4 White House Central Files

1. Office File, 1945–1953 (approximately 25,000 pp.)

This  file  includes  information  on  the  President’s  Committee  on  Civil

Rights, the Fair Employment Practices Committee, the President’s

Committee  on  Equality  of Treatment  and  Opportunity  in  the  Armed

Services, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP), poll  taxes, segregation, lynching, race  riots, education, the

Committee on Government Contract Compliance, and unemployment.

2. President’s Personal File, 1945–1952 (approximately 1000 pp.)

This file includes information on civil rights speeches to the NAACP, June

29, 1947, and to Howard University, June 13, 1952, and on the Civil Rights

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Message of February 2, 1948.

3. Confidential File, 1945–1953 (5 pp.)

This  file  includes  information  in  the  State  Department  Correspondence

File on the appointment of an African American ambassador.

V.5 Staff Member and Office Files

1. Psychological Strategy Board Files, 1951–1953 (1 p.)

File 337 Staff Meeting, June 27, 1952, mentions lynching.

2. Clark M. Clifford Files, 1946–1950 (approximately 200 pp.)

This file includes the Lincoln Memorial speech, June 29, 1947; clippings;

and a draft of the proposed civil rights bill of 1949.

3. Robert L. Dennison Files, 1946–1953 (5 pp.)
 

These files include information on the desegregation of the Navy.
 

4. Martin L. Friedman Files, 1948–1952 (approximately 40 pp.)

These files include material on the Fair Employment Board.

5. David Lloyd Files, 1948–1953 (approximately 20 pp.)

These file include material on Truman’s speech to the National Council of

Negro Women. They also include information on other civil rights speeches, including the July 27, 1948, message to Congress; the August 14, 1951,

American Legion speech; the St. Louis speech of November 1, 1952; and the

National Archives speech of December 15, 1952.

6. Charles S. Murphy Files, 1948–1953 (approximately 170 pp.)

These files include information on civil rights speeches, including the July

27, 1948, message  to  Congress; the  August  14, 1951, American  Legion

speech; the  St. Louis  speech  of November  1, 1952; and  the  National

Archives speech of December 15, 1952.

7. Philleo Nash Files, 1944–1952 (approximately 1,000 pp.)

These files include correspondence relating to the Fahy Committee; speeches by President Truman on civil rights at Howard University and elsewhere;

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and material documenting the impact of the civil rights issue on the 1948

Presidential campaign.

V.6 Other Personal Papers

1. Eben A. Ayers Papers, 1908–1953 (approximately 30 pp.)

These papers include information on the Fair Employment Practice

Committee.

2. Eleanor Boutecou Papers, 1938–1955 (approximately 800 pp.)

The civil rights file includes information on poll taxes and race riots.

3. Oscar L. Chapman Papers, 1931–1953 (approximately 1,000 pp.)

These papers include information on the NAACP, race relations, and segregation of public facilities in Washington, DC.

4. Tom C. Clark Papers, 1941–1971 (approximately 40 pp.)

These papers include information on a proposed civil rights act.

5. Clark M. Clifford Papers, 1946–1952 (approximately 220 pp.)

These papers include correspondence concerning segregation in the

National Guard; printed material; drafts of Executive Order 9981; material

on the 1949 State of the Union Address; and correspondence relating to the

Fahy Committee. They also include the confidential memo to the President

[Clifford­Rowe  Memorandum  of November  19, 1947]  discussing  civil

rights policy as an election strategy.

6. George M. Elsey Papers, 1941–1953 (approximately 800 pp.)

These  papers  include  correspondence  and  speeches  on  civil  rights  and

desegregation delivered by President Truman.

7. John W. Gibson Papers, 1935–1954 (approximately 30 pp.)

These papers include information on a speech to the NAACP.

8. J. Howard McGrath Papers, 1934–1952 (approximately 800 pp.)

These  papers  include  proposed  legislation  on  civil  rights, including  antipoll­tax, anti­lynching, and fair housing legislation.

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9. Francis P. Matthews Papers, 1932–1952 (approximately 4,000 pp.)

These papers document the President’s Committee on Civil Rights, including transcripts of hearings, policy meetings, reports, memorandums, and

correspondence.

10. Philleo Nash Papers, 1942–1966 (approximately 50,000 pp.)

These  papers  include  correspondence, newspaper  clippings, reports, and

other documents relating to minorities and race relations; materials related

to the Gillem Board report and to the Fair Employment Practice

Committee; materials  related  to  segregation  in  housing, Army  schools  at

Army  bases, Communist  Cold  War  propaganda  suggesting  that  African

Americans would not fight for the United States, and the combat performance of African American units as evidence to the contrary.

11. David K. Niles Papers, 1919–1952 (approximately 1,000 pp.)

These papers document Niles’s contacts with civil rights organizations such

as the NAACP and with African American leaders such as Walter White and

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. As an important civil rights advocate within the

Truman  White  House, Niles  helped  bring  about  the  creation  of the

President’s Committee on Civil Rights and the desegregation of the Armed

Forces. The  civil  rights  and  minorities  file  contains  reports, correspondence, newspaper clippings, memorandums, and other items, mostly relating to Niles’s official role as liaison between the White House and minority

groups.

12. Samuel L. Rosenman Papers, 1944–1966 (approximately 100 pp.)

These papers include information on the July 27, 1948, special message to

Congress.

13. Stephen J. Spingarn Papers, 1933–1972 (approximately 1,600 pp.)

These  papers  include  information  on  the  NAACP, desegregation  of the

Armed Services, Thurgood Marshall, and civil rights issues.

14. David Stowe Papers, 1947–1953 (approximately 800 pp.)

These papers include material on migratory labor.

15. Jerome K. Walsh Papers, 1931–1966 (approximately 20 pp.)

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These papers include one folder on civil rights.

V.7 Federal Records

1. Record  Group  220. President’s  Committee  on  Civil  Rights, 1946–1947

(approximately 22,000 pp.)

These  records  include  material  relating  to  the  President’s  Committee  on

Civil Rights as established by Executive Order 9808 on December 5, 1946;

transcripts of public hearings, letters of solicited advice, and evidence and

recommendations for policy improvements.

2. Record Group 220. President’s Committee on Equality of Treatment and

Opportunity in the Armed Services, 1945–1950 (approximately 12,000 pp.)

These records include correspondence and other documents relating to the

organization and proceedings of the Fahy Committee under the chairmanship of former Solicitor General Charles Fahy in 1949–50; minutes of meetings; draft reports of the Committee; material on the desegregation policies

of the Army, Navy, and Air Force; a copy of the 1945 Gillem Board report

on African Americans in the Army; and newspaper clippings documenting

press coverage of the Committee.

V.8 Oral Histories

1. John E. Barriere, 1948 (4 pp.)
 

Staff member, Research Division, Democratic National Committee, 1948.
 

2. David E. Bell, 1947–1953 (3 pp.) 

Special  Assistant  in  the  White  House  Office, 1947–48; Administrative

Assistant to the President, 1951–53.

3. Andrew J. Biemiller, 1945–1951 (17 pp.)

Congressman from Wisconsin, 1945–47 and 1949–51.

4. Kenneth M. Birkhead, 1948 (2 pp.)

Associate  Director  of Public  Relations, Research  Division, Democratic

National Committee, 1948.

5. Eleanor Boutecou, 1938–1955 (3 pp.)

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Attorney, Civil Rights Section, Department of Justice, 1938–55. Discusses

the Justice Department and rights issues.

6. Samuel C. Brightman, 1947–1957 (9 pp.)

Associate Director of Publicity, Democratic National Committee, 1947–52;

Director of Publicity, Democratic National Committee, 1952–57.

7. Oliver Carter, 1948–1976 (13 pp.)
 

Chairman, Democratic  State  Central  Committee  of California, 1948–51;
 

U.S. District Judge, Northern District of California, 1950–76.
 

8. Ewan Clague, 1946–1953 (3 pp.)
 

Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, 1946–53.
 

9. Tom C. Clark, 1945–1967 (25 pp.)
 

Attorney General of the United States, 1945–49; Associate Justice of the U.S.

Supreme Court, 1949–67. Discusses the black vote and the Southern block,

the President’s Committee on Civil Rights and the Justice Department. Two

interviews.

10. Bruce Clarke, 1918–1962

U.S. Army  officer, commanding  racially  integrated  units  of the  Armed

Forces. There are 25 pages on desegregation of the armed forces.

11. Clark M. Clifford, 1946–1950 (approximately 70 pp.)

Special Counsel to the President, 1946–50. Two interviews.

12. Matthew J. Connelly, 1945–1953 (approximately 35 pp.)

Appointments Secretary to the President, 1945–53.

13. Jonathan Daniels, 1945–1970 (6 pp.)

Press  Secretary  to  the  President, 1945; Editor, Raleigh, NC, News  and

Observer, 1948–70.

14. C. Girard Davidson, 1946–1950 (approximately 35 pp.)
 

Assistant Secretary of the Interior, 1946–50. Relates to the President’s mes250
 
     

   

   

               

           

   

   

   

   

             

   

   

   

   

           

   

   

sage on civil rights, E.O. 9980, the President’s Committee on Civil Rights,

and desegregation.

15. Admiral Robert L. Dennison, 1948–1953

Naval Aide to the President, 1948–53. Includes 5 pages related to the desegregation of the Navy.

16. John S. Dickey, 1944–1945 (5 pp.)

Chief, World Trade Intelligence Division, Office of Public Affairs,

Department of State, 1944–45; public liaison office, U.S. delegation, U.N.

Conference on International Organization, 1945.

17. George M. Elsey, 1942–1953 (4 pp.)

Naval  officer  assigned  to  the  White  House  Map  Room, 1942–47; Special

Assistant in the White House Office, 1947–49; Administrative Assistant to

the President, 1949–51; Assistant to the Director, Mutual Security Agency,

1951–53. Two interviews.

18. India Edwards, 1947–1950 (4 pp.)

Associate Director, 1947–48, Executive Director, 1949–50, and Vice

Chairman, 1950–56, Democratic National Committee. Two interviews.

19. Oscar R. Ewing, 1942–1953 (8 pp.)

Vice Chairman, Democratic National Committee, 1942–47; Administrator,

Federal Security Agency, 1947–53.

20. John G. Feeney, 1952–1953 (5 pp.)

Administrative Assistant to the President, 1952–53.

21. Stanley Fike, 1952–1976 (3 pp.)

Jackson County, MO, journalist; friend of Harry S. Truman; administrative

assistant to Stuart Symington, 1952–76. Two interviews.

22. Edward Folliard, 1943–1954 (4 pp.)
 

White House correspondent, Washington Post, 1943–54.
 

23. Martin L. Friedman, 1950–1953 (4 pp.)

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Special Assistant to the White House Office, 1950–53.

24. Monroe Friedman, 1948 (3 pp.)
 

Chair, Alameda County (CA) Democratic Central Committee, 1948.
 

25. D. W. Gilmore, 1949–1951 (4 pp.)
 

Member, Missouri  State  Senate  1949–51; President, Young  Democrats  of

America, 1949–51.

26. Lincoln Gould, 1909–1974 (2 pp.)

Columnist, Washington Evening Star.

27. William H. Hastie, 1946–1971 (2 pp.)

Governor  of the Virgin  Islands, 1946–49; Judge, 3rd  U.S. District  Circuit

Court of Appeals., 1949–71.

28. Kenneth Hechler, 1949–1953 (2 pp.)
 

Special Assistant to the President, 1949–53.
 

29. Randall Jessee, 1948–1964 (2 pp.)
 

Kansas City friend and confidant of Harry S. Truman.
 

30. Walter Judd, 1943–1963 (2 pp.)
 

Member of Congress from Minnesota, 1943–63; U.S. Delegate, 12th

General Assembly of the United Nations, 1947.

31. Carlton Kent, 1945–1971 (3 pp.)

Washington, DC, correspondent, Chicago  Daily  Times and  Chicago  SunTimes, 1945–71.

32. E. W. Kenworthy, 1949–1950 (Approximately 28 pp.)

Executive  Director, President’s  Committee  on  Equality  of Treatment  and

Opportunity in the Armed Services, 1949–50.

33. Milton Kronheim, 1940–1969 (2 pp.)
 

Washington, DC, businessman and friend of Harry S. Truman.
 

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34. Marx Leva, 1947–1951 (3 pp.)
 

Special Counsel to the General Counsel to the Secretary of Defense.
 

35. James Loeb, 1947–1951 (approximately 20 pp.)
 

National Director, Americans for Democratic Action, 1947–51.
 

36. Katie Louchheim, 1948–1960 (5 pp.)

Delegate to the 1948 and 1952 Democratic National Conventions; Director

of Women’s  Activities, Democratic  National  Committee, 1953–60; ViceChairman, Democratic National Committee, 1956–60.

37. H. Graham Morris, 1948–1952 (approximately 27 pp.)

Assistant Attorney General, Claims Division, 1948–50, and Assistant

Attorney General, Antitrust Division, 1950–52, Department of Justice.

38. Charles Murphy, 1934–1970 (approximately 20 pp.)

Administrative Assistant to the President, 1947–50; Special Counsel to the

President, 1950–53.

39. Robert Nixon, 1944–1958

Washington  DC, Correspondent, International  News  Service, 1944–58.

Approximately 1 page includes a discussion of the 1948 campaign.

40. Neale Roach, 1944–1956 (2 pp.)

Assistant Director, Democratic National Convention, 1944; manager of the

1948, 1952, and 1956 Democratic National Conventions.

41. John Snyder, 1895–1967 (11 pp.)

Secretary of the Treasury, 1946–53.

42. Stephen Spingarn, 1946–1953 (approximately 35 pp.)

Assistant General Counsel, Department of the Treasury, 1946–49; member

of the President’s Temporary Commission on Employee Loyalty, 1946–47;

Deputy  Director  of the  Office  of Contract  Settlement, 1947–49; special

assistant in the White House Office, 1949–50; Administrative Assistant to

the President, 1950; member, Federal Trade Commission, 1950–53.

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43. Elmer Staats, 1950–1984 (1 p.)
 

Comptroller General of the United States, 1966–81.
 

44. Isaac Stokes, 1945–1953 (2 pp.)
 

Official at the Department of State, Department of Commerce, Economic

Cooperation Administration, and Mutual Security Agency.

45. J. William Theis, 1945–1968 (1 p.)
 

Chief, U.S. Senate staff of the International News Service, 1945–58; Chief,
 

U.S. Senate staff of United Press International, 1958–68.
 

46. J. C. Turner, 1916–1970 (2 pp.)
 

Official, International Union of Operating Engineers.
 

47. Harry Vaughan, 1945–1953 (2 pp.)
 

Military aide to Harry S. Truman as Vice President, 1945, and as President,

1945–53.

48. Earl Warren, 1953–1969 (5 pp.)

Republican Vice­Presidential candidate, 1948; Chief Justice of the United

States, 1953–69.

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DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY,

ABILENE, KANSAS

V.9  Dwight  D. Eisenhower  Papers  as  President  of the  United  States,

1953–1961 (Ann Whitman File) (138 ft.)

This collection consists of high­level Presidential papers containing Dwight

Eisenhower’s  official  and  personal  correspondence, minutes  of Cabinet

meetings, diary  entries, notes  on  legislative  leaders  meetings, memorandums of conversations,reports, and speech files. This is the most important

source  of information  in  the  Library’s  holdings  on  Dwight  Eisenhower’s

personal views on race relations during his Presidency. Topics documented

include  the  U.S. Supreme  Court  case Brown v. the  Board  of Education  of

Topeka, et al, school desegregation in general and the Little Rock Central

High School desegregation crisis in particular, the Civil Rights Acts of 1957

and 1960, race relations in general, and frank comments by the President in

diary entries (particularly those by his personal secretary, Ann Whitman)

and in pre­press conference briefings. Series containing documentation on

civil rights topics include the following:

1. A–Administration Series

2. B–ACW Diary Series

3. C–Cabinet Series

4. D–DDE Diary Series

5. E–Legislative Meetings Series

6. F–Name Series

7. G–NSC Series (Africa and other international topics)

8. H–Press Conference Series

9. I–Speech Series

V.10 Dwight D. Eisenhower Papers,Post­Presidential, 1961–1969 (935 ft.)

These  papers  are  extensive  and  are  still  being  processed. Significant  file

series within the collection are, however, available for research, and these

contain numerous, if widely scattered, items pertaining to civil rights during the 1960s, as well as Dwight Eisenhower’s reflections on Little Rock and

other events during his Presidency and military career. Key series now available for research include the Principal File series for each year from 1961

through 1966 (processing is ongoing for the Principal File series for 1967

through 1969). These are arranged largely alphabetically by name and/or

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subject and contain numerous references to civil rights. Other important

series include the DDE Appointment Book Series, with synopses of many

conversations Dwight Eisenhower had on a variety of issues including civil

rights, the Augusta—Walter Reed Series, the Special Name Series, and the

Secretary’s Series. Information can be found on numerous civil rights related topics for the 1960s including the Civil Rights Act of 1964,race riots, and

prominent individuals involved in civil rights.

V.11 Dwight D. Eisenhower Records as President, White House Central

Files, 1953–1961 (approximately 6 million pp.)

These files comprise the largest single collection in the Library’s holdings.

They document the daily activities of the White House involving domestic

and  foreign  policy  matters. The  White  House  Central  Files  contain  the

largest  quantity, and  in  many  respects  the  highest  quality, of civil  rights

documentation. In terms of diversity of coverage, the White House Central

Files  are  probably  the  most  important  in  the  Library’s  collection. Topics

include school desegregation, the Little Rock desegregation crisis, desegregation in the District of Columbia, desegregation of military facilities, the

impact of U.S. racial problems abroad, the “Unfinished Business” exhibit at

the Brussels Trade Fair,Adam Clayton Powell and the Bandung Conference,

political aspects of race relations, personnel, and correspondence, identified

by  cross  references  with  or  concerning  numerous  individuals, including

Autherine  Lucy, Martin  Luther  King, Jr., Jackie  Robinson, Adam  Clayton

Powell, Val Washington, and many others. The PPF Series includes correspondence with many organizations of interest to students of civil rights.

V.12  White  House  Office, Office  of the  Special  Assistant  for  National

Security  Affairs  (Robert  Cutler, Dillon  Anderson  and  Gordon  Gray):

Records, 1952–1961 (approximately 49 ft.)

This body of records consists of documentation primarily relating to the

National Security Council. The records include National Security Council

policy  papers, Operations  Coordinating  Board  progress  reports, agendas,

briefing notes, reports, and studies. The FBI Series (16 boxes—more than 6

ft.) includes an alphabetical body of correspondence and memorandums,

primarily from J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI to the Special Assistant

for National Security Affairs regarding individuals, events or organizations

that  Hoover  perceived  as  being  of national  security  concern. This  file

includes memorandums regarding the NAACP, racial matters, Little Rock,

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and a number of individuals involved with black civil rights. The series also

contains  FBI  monographs  such  as “The  Nation  of Islam  October  1960,”

“The Ku Klux Klan Section I, 1865–1944,” “The Ku Klux Klan Section II,

1944–1958,” and “The  Communist  Party  and  the  Negro  February  1953.”

The National Security Council series contains policy papers and briefing

notes on Africa and the Congo which may also be of interest to students of

black civil rights.

V.13 White  House  Office, Office  of the  Special  Assistant  for  Personnel

Management (Joseph Winslow,John Carroll,Rocco Siciliano, and Eugene

Lyons): Records, 1953–1961 (49 ft.)

These records contain information pertaining to U.S. Government civilian

personnel programs. A portion of particular interest consists of almost one

foot  of documentation  pertaining  specifically  to  civil  rights, including

issues  such  as  employment; housing; school  desegregation; synagogue

bombings; the Youth March for Integrated Schools on October 25, 1958; a

meeting of Black leaders with the President on June 23, 1958; a civil rights

meeting  with  officials  of Anderson  County  in  Clinton, TN, in  October

1958; and the Commission on Civil Rights. These records also include minutes of meetings and other materials relating to the President’s Committee

on  Government  Contracts  and  contain  folders  entitled “Human  Rights”

and “Minorities — General.”

V.14 White House Office, Office of the Staff Secretary (Records of Paul T.

Carroll, Andrew  J. Goodpaster, L. Arthur  Minnich, and  Christopher  H.

Russell): Records, 1952–1961 (73 ft.)

This collection consists of correspondence, memorandums, memorandums

of conversations, synopses of intelligence, trip files, and reports. The records

document the role of the White House Staff Secretary as liaison between the

White House and executive branch agencies such as the Department of

Defense and its components. One key file in the Subject Series, Alphabetical

Sub Series (over 1,000 pages) documents the Little Rock Central High

School desegregation crisis and includes a daily log maintained by the U.S.

Army units involved in maintaining order at the school. These logs detail

daily activities, events, and incidents occurring during the fall and winter of

1957 and the early weeks of 1958. Also found here are memorandums and

notes  regarding  the  White  House  decision  to  send  troops  and  details  of

troop  movements. These  records  also  include  L. Arthur  Minnich’s  hand257
 
   

         

       

       

                   

           

                         

                   

                     

                   

                     

                 

                     

                   

                 

               

             

                       

               

written notes of Cabinet and legislative leaders meetings. These cover discussions  of civil  rights  legislation, school  construction, and  other  topics

involving  race  relations. The  Cabinet  and  Legislative  Leaders  Meetings

Series  should  be  used  in  conjunction  with  the  corresponding  series  in

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Papers as President (Ann Whitman File; see V.9).

V.15 John Foster Dulles Papers, 1951–1956

These papers pertain primarily to Mr. Dulles’s service as Secretary of State,

1953–59, although  certain  series  within  the  collection  include  materials

before and after those dates. The Personnel Series (8.5 feet) contains documentation  pertaining  to  African  Americans  in  ambassadorial  or  other

diplomatic posts or as prospective candidates for various Foreign Service

posts. This includes correspondence concerning such African Americans as

Robert  Lee  Brokenburr, Dr. Helen  G. Edmonds, Dr. Velma  George, Jesse

Locker, Val Washington and Clifford Wharton; scattered references to others  such  as  Samuel  Pierce, Jr., and  Carl  T. Rowan; plus  correspondence

regarding Liberian President William V. S. Tubman, Ethiopia, and matters

regarding the United Nations and composition of various delegations and

commissions. A  few  references  to  the  international  impact  of the  Little

Rock desegregation crisis are found in the Telephone Calls Series and in the

White House Memoranda Series.

V.16 Arthur S. Flemming Papers, 1939–1975 (102 ft.)

Arthur Flemming served in many posts within the United States Government,

involving government reorganization, personnel, and defense mobilization.

He was Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare and a member of the U.S.

Civil Rights Commission. This material documents his long career in government service.Although his files as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare

contain scattered items pertaining to civil rights and social welfare topics,

much of the key documentation on civil rights falls into two post­Eisenhower

administration series: the Commission on Civil Rights, 1972–1974, and the

National Council of the Churches of Christ segment, 1962–68 (a portion also

covers 1947–52). Flemming’s service on the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

is documented by minutes of meetings,reports, hearings, and correspondence

on such matters as school integration, Boston School desegregation, equal

employment opportunity, and civil rights enforcement. Flemming and the

Board of the National Council of the Churches of Christ dealt with racism,

poverty, fair housing, and other issues of the 1960s.

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V.17 Alvan C. Gillem, Jr., Chairman, Board of Officers on the Utilization

of Negro Manpower in the Post­War Army; Collection of Documents on

the Gillem Board and Negroes in the Armed Services, 1945–1951 (1ft.)

This collections consists of reports, pamphlets, news releases, a transcript of

testimony, memorandums, and other material. There are transcripts of testimony of Lieutenant General Gillem and John J. McCloy before the Fahy

Committee  on  March  17, 1949, as  well  as  briefs, reports, and  other  data

concerning the use of Negro manpower. Included here are comments both

positive  and  negative  regarding  performance  of certain  units  and  data

drawing on the combat experiences of black troops during World War II.

V.18 James C. Hagerty Papers, 1952–1974 (52 ft.)

James Hagerty was Press Secretary to President Eisenhower, 1953–61, and

then was an executive with the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).

This material includes a detailed and informative diary documenting conversations, meetings, and activities in the Eisenhower administration primarily during 1954, with a few 1955 entries. Mr. Hagerty’s diary contains

several comments from 1954 on civil rights, segregation, and related issues.

In  addition, his  papers  contain  notes  of Cabinet  and  legislative  leaders’

meetings, with several references to civil rights, and a file of drafts of statements, releases, and press conference transcripts concerning the Little Rock

desegregation crisis. Hagerty’s post­Eisenhower administration correspondence  includes  items  on  black  voters, school  integration, E. Frederic

Morrow, Senator Edward Brooke, George Wallace, hiring African American

reporters, and other topics of the 1960s and 1970s.

V.19 Bryce N. Harlow, Records, 1953–1961 (20 ft.)

This collection documents Mr. Harlow’s service as Special Assistant to the

President, 1953; Administrative Assistant to the President, 1953–58; and

Deputy Assistant to the President for Congressional Affairs, 1958–61. Bryce

Harlow’s duties involved congressional liaison, so considerable information

on legislative issues is found in this collection, particularly those relating to

military affairs and mutual security. The Harlow records contain a few small

but potentially useful files pertaining to desegregation—including information on intercollegiate athletics and segregation laws in the American southern states, documentation on the Little Rock Central High School desegregation crisis, a Foreign Broadcast Information Service report on world radio

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and press reaction to events in Little Rock, civil rights legislation, school

construction, and addresses by James Mitchell and Val Washington.

V.20 C. D. Jackson Papers, 1931–1967 (36 ft.)

The papers consist of correspondence, memorandums, diary entries, articles, speech  drafts, reports  and  printed  material. These  document  C. D.

Jackson’s career as a publishing executive for Time Inc., an employee of the

Office of War Information, president of the National Committee For a Free

Europe, an adviser to President Eisenhower on psychological warfare and

Cold War matters, and a citizen of New York City involved in many public

interest  activities. Mr. Jackson  served  on  the  executive  boards  of many

organizations, including  the  United  Negro  College  Fund. His  file  on  the

United Negro College Fund includes documentation on fund­raising, correspondence regarding the need for Presidential leadership on civil rights,

a paper on communist propaganda regarding Negroes in the United States,

and correspondence with such individuals as Dr. Fred Patterson and John

D. Rockefeller, Jr. The  papers  also  include  letters  from  Carleton  Putnam

expressing pro­segregation views and a file on the Council for Democracy

that includes correspondence and pamphlets regarding the role of Negroes

in national defense during the tense period, 1940–41.

V.21 David W. Kendall Records, 1953–1961

After  holding  posts  in  the  United  States  Treasury  Department, Kendall

served as Special Counsel to the President, 1958–61, and worked primarily

with economic and legal matters. His records include a file on cases involving eviction of African Americans from properties in Tennessee. This material  consists  primarily  of detailed  testimony  by  victims  describing  their

experiences. The Kendall Records also contain memorandums on the tax

exempt status of segregated private schools in Virginia, memorandums on

equal housing, and reports by the Interdepartmental Committee on

Narcotics  that  include  data  on  the  racial  composition  of the  drug  using

portion of the population.

V.22 Henry R. McPhee Records, 1953–1961

McPhee served on President Eisenhower’s White House staff as a Special

Assistant, an Assistant  Special  Counsel, and Associate  Special  Counsel  to

the President. He dealt primarily with economic and legal matters, particularly those connected with legislative programs. His records include a mem260
 
   

                   

   

                     

                     

                     

                   

               

                 

                     

                 

             

                 

                       

                     

               

                         

             

                 

   

   

orandum (17 pages) outlining the history of litigation in the Little Rock

desegregation  crisis  and  memorandums  indicating  schools  under  court

order to desegregate with notations on their degree of compliance. These

records also include material on civil rights legislation.

V.23 James P. Mitchell Papers, 1953–1964 (110 ft.)

This large collection pertains primarily to Mitchell’s service as Secretary of

Labor, 1953–61. While the extensive quantity of documentation on manpower and labor issues in general contains information pertinent to civil rights

studies, the largest block of material clearly identifiable with civil rights programs is the file on the President’s Committee on Government Contracts (2.5

feet), covering the Committee’s activities primarily from 1956 to 1961. This

file includes correspondence,reports,statements,remarks by Jackie Robinson,

speeches, and news clippings. Also noteworthy are folders of correspondence

with and concerning Assistant Secretary of Labor J. Ernest Wilkins. Other pertinent items can also be found scattered within this collection.

V.24 Gerald D. Morgan Records, 1953–1961 (21 ft.)

Morgan served the President as Special Assistant, Administrative Assistant,

Special Counsel, and Deputy Assistant. His records document legal, legislative,

and political matters and include a variety of materialsrelating to race relations

and civil rights. This documentation includes a tract by Carleton Putnam on

segregation, memorandums about the Little Rock crisis and school desegregation, a lengthy study of the Morrill Act and segregation at land grant colleges,

memorandums about legislative proposals concerning civilrights, information

on the Civil Rights Commission, and data on low­income housing.

V.25 E. Frederic Morrow Records, 1950–1961 (5 ft.)

Morrow  served  as  a  consultant  during  General  Eisenhower’s  Presidential

campaign  in  1952  and  held  the  post  of Administrative  Officer, Special

Group, in the White House, 1955–61. He was the one African American to

hold a White House staff position during the Eisenhower administration.

His files consist of correspondence, memorandums, press releases, printed

material, statistical material, and background material. Approximately one

quarter  of the  collection  pertains  directly  to  civil  rights  legislation, civil

rights  matters  in  general, interracial  affairs, Little  Rock, the  NAACP, the

National Urban League, and Negro History Week. Morrow published his

account of his experiences in his memoir, Black Man in the White House.

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V.26 William P. Rogers Papers, 1938–1962

Rogers was Deputy Attorney General, January 28, 1953, to November 1957,

when he became Attorney General, holding this post until the end of the

Eisenhower administration on January 20, 1961. Rogers’s papers consist of

correspondence, memorandums,reports, and printed matter.Documentation

on civil rights is widely scattered throughout this collection and includes correspondence on the Little Rock desegregation crisis, integration of public

schools, material on U.S. vs. James Griggs Raines, et al.(a Georgia case regarding the constitutionality of the 1957 Civil Rights Act), letters regarding the

Civil Rights Commission, and several references to civil rights in general.

V.27 The Jacob Seidenberg Papers, 1944–1979 (3.6 ft.)

This small collection documents Seidenberg’s service as Executive Director

of the  President’s  Committee  on  Government  Contracts, 1953–60. This

Committee  was  responsible  for  enforcing  nondiscrimination  clauses  in

Government contracts and worked with businesses to assist them in overcoming  job  discrimination. The  Seidenberg  Papers  contain  minutes  of

Committee meetings, annual reports, and materials regarding conferences

on  equal  job  opportunities, youth  training, and  minority  community

resources. The collection also contains several publications on fair employment, nondiscrimination clauses, equal opportunity, and related topics.

V.28  U.S. President’s  Committee  on  Migratory  Labor  (Record  Group

220): Records, 1938–1966 (41 ft., approximately 82,000 pp.)

On August 26, 1954, President Eisenhower appointed an Interdepartmental

Committee on Migratory Labor, with the committee name changed in 1955

to the President’s Committee on Migratory Labor. The Committee was formally established in 1960 through an Executive order. These records span

the period 1938–66. This collection documents the harsh living and working  conditions  experienced  by  over  2  million  migratory  workers  in  the

United States. These workers included a large number of African Americans

as  well  as  Puerto  Ricans, Mexican  citizens  or  Americans  of Mexican

descent, Native Americans, and whites. The records contain meeting minutes, correspondence,reports, studies, and photographs and include graphic descriptions of the lives of migrant workers as well as efforts of various

levels of government to alleviate these conditions.

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JOHN F. KENNEDY LIBRARY,

BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

V.29 Pre­Presidential Papers, 1946–1961 (430 ft.)

This  collection  documents  John  F. Kennedy’s  career  as  a  Representative

(1947–53)  and  Senator  (1953–61)  from  Massachusetts  as  well  as  his

Presidential candidacy and transition to the White House (1960). Although

incomplete  (for  instance, there  is  little  on  Kennedy’s  1946  congressional

campaign, and his career in the House of Representatives is not well­documented in general), the collection is a rich source of information on the

major issues, events, themes, and legislation of the 1950s and is indispensable  for  understanding  the  1960  Presidential  campaign  and  transition.

House of Representatives files include the following series:

Correspondence, Cases and Projects, General and Legislative Files,

Boston  Office  General  Files, Fan  Mail, Invitations, National  Veterans

Housing Conference 1948, Polls of Political Opinion 1948, Scrapbooks,

Service Academy Applications, Speeches, and Boston Office “Thank

Yous.” The following series concern the campaigns: 1946 Campaign

[Fragment], 1952  Campaign, 1958  Campaign. Senate  files  include  these

series: Cases  and  Projects, Correspondence  Copy  File, General  Files,

Holborn File,Incoming Mail,Invitations, Legislation, Office Operations,

Political  Miscellany, Polls  of Political  Opinion, Service  Academies  File,

and Speeches and the Press. The 1960 campaign file is composed of these

series: Campaigns by State,Issues, and Speeches and the Press. Transition

files include these series: Presidential Election Congratulations, Staff Post

Election Correspondence, and Task Force Reports.

V.30 President’s  Office  Files: President  of the  United  States, 1961–1963

(81 ft., 28 rolls of microfilm, 127 audiotapes, 73 dictabelts)

This subcollection of the Presidential Papers of John F. Kennedy consists of

the working files of President Kennedy as maintained by his personal secretary, Mrs. Evelyn Lincoln, in the Oval Office of the White House. Series

include: General Correspondence, Special Correspondence, Speech Files,

Legislative Files, Press Conferences, Staff Memorandums, Departments

and  Agencies, Subjects, Countries, Personal  Secretary’s  Files, Special

Events Through the Years, White House Signal Agency, and Presidential

Recordings.

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V.31 National Security Files, 1961–1963 (230 ft.)

This subcollection of the Presidential Papers of John F. Kennedy consists of

the working files of McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant to the President for

National Security Affairs.It is the primary foreign policy file of the Kennedy

White House and consists of the following series: countries, regional security, trips  and  conferences, departments  and  agencies, subjects, meetings

and  memorandums, and  staff files  of Chester  V. Clifton, Carl  Kaysen,

William  H. Brubeck, Ralph  A. Dungan, McGeorge  Bundy, Robert  W.

Komer, Henry Kissinger, and Charles Johnson.

V.32 White House Central Subject Files, 1961–1963

These files were designed to serve as a reference source for the President and

hisstaff and to documentWhite House activities.This primary file, kept by the

staff of the White House central file room, contains papers sent from various

offices in the White House. The file is organized according to an alphanumeric system divided into 62 subject categories, with numerous cross­references.

V.33 Papers of Robert F. Kennedy, Pre­Administration, 1952–1960 (165.5

ft. [138.5 ft. open])

These  papers  contain  three  series: a  Personal  File, including  correspondence and family papers, school and college notes and papers, a trip file,

news clippings, and publications; Working Files of Investigative

Committee Work , 1952–1959, including a subseries of notes and drafts for

The Enemy Within (1960); and Political Files , 1952–1960, including campaign books, correspondence, memorandums, a subject file, political polls,

speeches, and miscellaneous material.

V.34 Papers of Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General, 1961–1964 (271 ft.

[193 ft. open])

These papers include correspondence, desk diaries, books, material on the

John F. Kennedy Library, classified file, confidential file,speeches, telephone

logs and messages, and a trip file.

V.35 Papers of Robert F. Kennedy, Senate, 1964 (875 ft. [233 ft. open])

These  papers  contain  books, case  files, correspondence, speeches, press

releases, 1964 campaign file, trip file, legislative subject file, New York City

office file, The Record, and Syracuse office file.

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V.36 White House Staff Files, 1961–1966

These files contain information related to the following individuals:

1. Claude Desautels (18 ft.): Special Assistant to the President (1961–1966).

These records include a legislation file, a departments and agencies file, and

an appointments to Federal service file.

2. Myer  Feldman: Deputy  Special  Counsel  to  the  President. The  White

House Files of Myer Feldman consist primarily of incoming and outgoing

official correspondence with the public, private organizations, and individuals within the Federal bureaucracy, as well as internal exchanges carried on

within  the  White  House. They  include  both  draft  and  finalized  letters,

memorandums, and reports to the President from Feldman and others.

3. Charles Horsky: Special Advisor for National Capital Affairs. The position

was created on July 19, 1962, to work with the District of Columbia Board of

Commissioners as well as metropolitan area groups. The papers of Charles A.

Horsky span the years 1961–65. The bulk of the material falls in the years

1962–63. Divided into three major series, General, Appropriation and

Budget, and Transportation, with material arranged in alphabetical order

within each series, the Horsky papers consist principally of incoming and

outgoing correspondence, and much of the material is routine. There are

many publications dealing with problems of and plans for the Washington

metropolitan area. Topics on which there is a larger amount of a material

include civil rights, legislation, urban renewal, and transportation.

4. Lee C. White: Assistant Special Counsel to the President. White worked

directly under Special Counsel to the President Theodore C. Sorensen. His

duties  included  staff work  on  a  wide  range  of administration  programs.

When Special Assistant to the President Harris L. Wofford, Jr., left in 1962

to assume a post with the Peace Corps,White inherited much of his responsibility for the coordination of civil rights activities for the White House.

Divided into two series, General File and Civil Rights File, White’s files consist  of official  correspondence  with  the  public  and  individuals  in  the

Federal bureaucracy, as well as internal exchanges within the White House.

It includes both draft and finalized memorandums and reports from White

to  the  President, and  material  for  the  President  from  others  which  was

referred to White for follow­up.

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5. Harris Wofford (6 ft.): Lawyer, government official. Assistant to Senator

John F. Kennedy (1960); Special Assistant to the President for Civil Rights

(1961–62). These files include correspondence, progress reports, speeches,

and occasional background material on civil rights cases.

V.37 Personal Papers of Berl Bernhard, 1958–1972

These papers contain material generated during Bernnard’s tenure on the

U.S. Commission  on  Civil  Rights, the  Democratic  National  Committee’s

Special Equal Rights Committee, the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights

Under Law, the District of Columbia Board of Higher Education, the John

F. Kennedy Library, and Edmund Muskie’s 1972 Presidential campaign. The

papers span the period 1958–72. The bulk of the material dates from 1958

to  1963, when  he  served  on  the  U.S. Commission  on  Civil  Rights. The

papers include correspondence, memorandums, minutes, oral history

interviews,speeches and speech materials,reports, bylaws, course materials,

newspaper clippings, articles, and other printed material.

V.38 Personal Papers of Adam Clymer, 1958–1999

The papers of Clymer, New York Times journalist and author of Edward M.

Kennedy: A  Biography (1999)  include  research  and  background  materials

consisting  of interview  texts, including  extensive  interviews  with  Edward

M. Kennedy, notes from newspaper files, press releases, videotapes, newspaper and magazine clippings, diplomatic cables, computer disks, and photographs.

V.39 Personal Papers of Ralph Dungan, 1961–1964

The  papers  contain  subject  files, including  correspondence, memorandums, reports relating to the Agency for International Development, civil

rights, and the Colorado River salinity question (Mexico). Dungan was a

Government official and Special Assistant to the President (1961–64).

V.40 Personal Papers of Edwin Guthman, 1961–1999

Guthman was an author, journalist, Director of Public Information for the

Department of Justice (1961–64), and press assistant to Robert F. Kennedy

(1964–65). The papers include materials related to Attorney General Robert

Kennedy’s 1964 trips; daily reminders, monthly planners, magazine articles

and other materials relating to Robert F. Kennedy (1964–93); material on

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the Watergate investigation (1973–74), and material relating to his career in

journalism, including drafts of “We Band of Brothers” (1948–99).

V.41 Personal Papers of Richard Neustadt, 1954–1975

These  papers  document  Neustadt’s  role  as  a  political  scientist, educator,

author, and consultant who advised the President, various branches of the

United  States  Government, and  the  Democratic  Platform  Committee.

There  are  correspondence, memorandums, minutes, reports, writings,

speeches, interview notes, news clippings, and background research materials relating to government consulting, the Skybolt study, the Multilateral

Force study, the 1972 Democratic Party platform, and Columbia University.

V.42 Personal Papers of Adam Walinsky, 1965–1968 (22 ft.)

The papers contain correspondence, memorandums, speeches,reports, and

press  releases. Walinsky  was  a  lawyer  and  legislative  assistant  and  speech

writer to Senator Robert F. Kennedy (1965–68).

V.43 Personal Papers of Walter Lord, 1962–1965 (6 ft.)

Lord  was  a  historian, educator, and  author. The  papers  include  research

material concerning civil rights, Mississippi, and the South for his book The

Past That Would Not Die (1965).

V.44 Personal Papers of Burke Marshall, 1961–1964 (21 ft.)

Marshall’s papers include correspondence, telephone logs, writings,speeches, reports, Alabama file, Mississippi file (21 ft.), Civil Rights Act of 1964

file, case  files, news  clippings, audio  visuals, subject  file, and  copies  of

records  of the  Bedford­Stuyvesant  Development  Corporation. Marshall

was  a  lawyer, government  official, and  Assistant  Attorney  General, Civil

Rights Division, Department of Justice (1961–64).

V.45 Personal Papers of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., 1939–1989 (255 ft.)

These papers include correspondence, reports, speeches, subject files, news

clippings, research  materials, book  drafts, writings, diaries, and  White

House files. Arthur M(eier) Schlesinger (1917– ) was a historian, government official, Special Assistant to the President for Latin American Affairs

(1961–63), and author of A Thousand Days (1965) and Robert Kennedy and

His Times (1978).

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V.46 Personal Papers of Theodore C. Sorensen, 1934–1998

The Sorensen papers contain correspondence, legislative files, subject files,

speech  files, draft  book  manuscripts, personal  papers, and  White  House

files. Sorensen  was  a  lawyer, a  member  of John  F. Kennedy’s  Senate  staff

(1952–60), Special  Counsel  to  the  President  (1961–64), and  author  of

Decision­making in the White House (1963), Kennedy (1965), The Kennedy

Legacy (1969), and Let the Word Go Forth (1988).

V.47 Personal Papers of W. Willard Wirtz, 1934–1984 (138 ft., 3 rolls of

mircrofilm)

These are personal and professional papers related to political campaigns,

the Labor Department, and other legal, academic, and government activities, including correspondence, meeting minutes, reports, transcripts, testimony, news  clippings, date  books, and  appointment  logs  relating  to  the

Labor Department and domestic and international labor policies and practices. There  are  also  speeches, daily  logs, and  his  memoir, Behind  the

Cabinet. Wirtz was a lawyer, educator, government official, professor of law

at  Northwestern  University  (1946–54), Executive  Secretary  of the  Wage

Stabilization  Board  (1951–53), Under  Secretary  of Labor  (1961–62), and

Secretary of Labor (1962–69).

V.48 Civil Rights Commission, 1961–1963 (95 rolls of microfilm), Record

Group 453

These  records  include  microfilm  copies  of minutes  of meetings, staff

reports, studies, briefings, legal opinions, Black Belt survey, and speeches..

They are closed for a period of 50 years from 1964, except with the written

permission of the staff director of the Commission.

V.49 Civil Service Commission, 1961–1963 (3 ft.), Record Group146

These  records  contain  the  Chairman’s  speeches, press  releases, monthly

reports to the President, directories of key personnel, rosters of Presidential

appointees, seminars, legislation files, annual reports, Federal Employment

Statistics Bulletin, and the Monthly Report of Federal Employment.

V.50 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1961–1963 (4 ft., 47

rolls of microfilm), Record Group 235

These  records  include  microfilm  copies  of correspondence, Presidential

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messages, Executive  orders, records  of Presidential  committees  and  task

forces, reports, studies, and  legislative  files. Records  of the  Public  Health

Service, the  Office  of Education, the  Social  Security  Administration, the

Welfare Administration, the Vocational Rehabilitation Administration, and

the  Food  and  Drug  Administration  are  included. Hard  copy  includes

reports and publications particularly on mental retardation, drug amendments of 1962, social security, juvenile delinquency, and education.

V.51 Housing  and  Home  Finance  Agency  of HUD  [the  Department  of

Housing  and  Urban  Development], 1961–1963 (  6  ft., 9  rolls  of microfilm), Record Group 207

These records contain microfilm copies of subject files, legislative proposals, weekly activity reports, minutes, memorandums, speeches, and publications. Hard copy includes reports, publications, press releases, hearings,

legislation, and  statistics  concerning  the  Community  Facilities  Agency,

Urban  Renewal Administration, and  Public  Housing Authority. Speeches

by  Robert  C. Weaver, Sidney  H. Woolner, William  L. Slayton, Marie  C.

McGuire, and Neal J. Hardy are included.

V.52  Department  of Justice, 1961–1963 (1  ft., 728  rolls  of microfilm),

Record Group 60

These records include microfilm copies of investigative files, case files, trial

proceedings, grand jury testimony, pardons, briefs, pleadings, enforcement

proceedings, correspondence; files  of Deputy  Attorney  General  Nicholas

Katzenbach; records of the Office of Legal Counsel, Office of the Pardon

Attorney, Office of the Solicitor General, Antitrust Division, Civil Division,

Civil Rights Division, Criminal Division, Internal Security Division, Lands

Division, Tax  Division, Administrative  Division, Bureau  of Prisons, and

Immigration and Naturalization Service; and selected speeches and photographs of Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover. The

hard copy includes a report of the Criminal Division to the Attorney General

on organized crime and Robert F. Kennedy’s statement before the Interstate

Commerce Commission concerning discrimination in interstate travel.

V.53 Department of Labor, 1961–1963 (6 ft., 73 rolls of microfilm), Record

Group 174

These records contain microfilm copies of correspondence,reports,studies,

briefings, speeches, press  releases, and  publications; including  records  of

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the  Secretary  of Labor, the  Bureau  of Employment  Security, Women’s

Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Manpower Automation and

Training, Bureau  of International  Labor  Organization, Office  of Policy

Planning  and  Research, and  the  Wage, Hours, and  Public  Contracts

Division. The  hard  copy  includes  press  releases; memorandums; notes;

departmental reports; reports by the President’s Committee on Migratory

Labor, the  Bureau  of Employment  Security, and  the  Bureau  of Labor

Statistics; hearings,studies, departmental orders, and notices implementing

key  Kennedy  programs; the  Monthly  Labor  Review; the  Employment

Security Review; the Monthly Report on the Labor Force; and speeches by

Arthur Goldberg and Willard Wirtz.

V.54 President’s Commission on the Status of Women, 1961–1963 (7 ft.),

Record Group 220

These papers include correspondence, minutes of meetings, reports, transcripts, and memorandums of the Commission and its seven subcommittees.

V.55 Records of the Democratic National Committee, 1952–1956 (1,244 ft.)

The records of the Democratic political party contain materials created or

accumulated  by  officials  and  staff members  of the  DNC  and  its  components. Materials currently available for research total 385 feet and relate primarily to the 1952 and 1956 conventions and to the 1960 Presidential campaign. Series  include  files  of the  chairman, Research  Division, Publicity

Division, Radio and Television Division, Campaign Train, Speaker’s

Bureau, Young Democrat Clubs of America, extensive clippings files, and

political cartoons.

V.56 Presidential Records, 1962–1963

These audiovisual materials include information on civil rights, 1963, and

the integration of the University of Mississippi, 1962. Capsule biographies

of oral history subjects can be found in the Library’s guide to holdings.

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LYNDON B. JOHNSON LIBRARY,

AUSTIN, TEXAS

V.57 Pre­Presidential Papers, 1931–1968

Lyndon B. Johnson was elected to the House of Representatives in 1937 and

to the Senate in 1948, civil rights being an issue in the latter race. He became

Majority Leader in 1955, a position that enabled him to steer civil rights

bills through Congress in 1957 and 1960. As Vice President, 1961–63, he

was Chairman of the President’s Committee on Equal Employment

Opportunity (PCEEO).

V.58 House of Representatives Papers, 1937–1949

The folder “Civil Rights, 1948” pertains to civil rights issues in Texas that

year, and there are additional items related to civil rights scattered through

the correspondence files.

V.59 Senate Papers, 1949–1961

Documents pertaining to civil rights are found principally in the Subject

Files under the heading “Civil Rights,” the Legislative Files (especially for

1957–58), the Papers of the Democratic Leader, and the files of aides Solis

Horwitz, George  Reedy, and  Gerald  Siegel. There  is  also  correspondence

concerning  Johnson’s  first  speech  in  the  Senate, in  which  he  opposed

changing Senate Rule 22 to make it easier to end filibusters that kept civil

rights legislation from coming to a floor vote.

V.60 Senate Political Files, 1949–1961

These  files  pertain  to  Johnson’s  political  campaigns  and  include  material

concerning civil rights as an issue in the 1960 Presidential campaign.

V.61 Pre­Presidential Confidential Files, 1932–1967

These  files  include  correspondence  about  Felix  Longoria, a  MexicanAmerican soldier from Texas who was killed and buried in the Philippines

during World War II. In 1949, when his body was returned home to Three

Rivers, TX, for reburial, the local funeral home would not allow the funeral to take place in its chapel, so Senator Johnson arranged for interment in

Arlington National Cemetery.

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V.62 Lyndon Baines Johnson Archives (LBJA), 1931–1968

When created in 1958, this file consisted of selected items of permanent

historical value from the House of Representatives and Senate papers.

Between 1958 and 1963, and occasionally during the White House years,

staff continued to add to the file. It includes correspondence related to

Holy Cross Hospital, the hospital serving the black community in Austin,

TX; correspondence with civil rights activists such as Virginia Durr,

Congressmen Adam Clayton Powell and Charles Diggs, and others; and

correspondence and memorandums about changing Senate Rule 22 to

make it easier to end filibusters that kept civil rights legislation from coming to a floor vote.

V.63 Vice Presidential Papers, 1961–1963

Documents pertaining to civil rights are found principally in the Subject

Files  under  the  headings  “Civil  Rights” and  “Labor—PC  on  EEO,” the

Papers  Relating  to  the  President’s  Committee  for  Equal  Employment

Opportunity (PCEEO), and the files of aide George Reedy.

V.64 Presidential Papers, 1963–1972

During  President  Johnson’s  administration, major  civil  rights  laws  were

passed in 1964, 1965, and 1968. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal

segregation in public accommodations and institutions, outlawed employment  discrimination, and  mandated  withholding  Federal  funding  from

programs that did not comply with the law. The Voting Rights Act of 1965

reformed discriminatory voter registration practices, while the Civil Rights

Act of 1968 prohibited discrimination in the sale and rental of most housing, strengthened protections for persons exercising their civil rights, and

outlawed certain activities when undertaken to incite or participate in civil

disorder. Urban riots had occurred in every year since 1964 (inclusive),with

the worst in Los Angeles in 1965, in Newark and Detroit in 1967, and in

Washington, DC, and  Chicago  in  1968. President  Johnson  appointed  a

number of minority group members to Federal posts, the most prominent

of whom  were  Thurgood  Marshall, the  first  black  Solicitor  General  and

Supreme Court justice, and Robert C. Weaver, the first black Cabinet member, who was Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban

Development (HUD).

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V.65 White House Central Files (WHCF) Subject File, 1963–1969

This  permanent White  House  office  was  the  main  filing  unit  during  the

Johnson Presidency, although not the primary one for foreign policy documents. Material was classified and filed under 60 major subject headings,

several  of which  are  pertinent  to  civil  rights. The  category  HU  (Human

Rights) contains the bulk of relevant material, mostly in HU 2 (Equality of

the Races) and its subdivisions. Other major subject categories with notable

civil rights material are FA (Federal Aid), FG (Federal Government

Organizations), HS (Housing), JL (Judicial—Legal Matters), LE

(Legislation), PL (Political Affairs), SP (Speeches), and WE (Welfare). The

file  is  cross­referenced  by  subject  to  aid  in  locating  pertinent  documents

filed outside the main concentrations of material on a topic.

V.66 WHCF Name File, 1963–1969

This file serves primarily as an alphabetical name index to the Subject File,

using copies of the first pages of documents to show the file locations of the

originals in the Subject File. Both individuals and organizations are represented in the file.

V.67 WHCF Confidential File (CF), 1963–1969

Arranged in the same subject categories as the WHCF Subject File, this file

contains  security  classified  or  otherwise  sensitive  material. The  relevant

subject categories are generally the same as those in the WHCF Subject File.

The CF Name File serves as an index to documents in the CF Subject File

in the same way as the corresponding files in the main body of the WHCF

described above.

V.68 Office Files of the White House Aides, 1963–1969

The files of most aides include civil rights material, but those of the following aides contain the most extensive holdings: Joseph Califano, Douglass

Cater, James Gaither, Charles Horsky, Harry McPherson, Frederick Panzer,

George Reedy, Hobart Taylor, Jr., Ben Wattenberg, and Lee White.

V.69 Office Files of John Macy, 1963–1969

The Chairman of the Civil Service Commission maintained files on persons

considered for high­level Federal employment and on staffing of Federal

judicial posts and executive branch departments, agencies, and commissions.

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V.70 Office Files of Mildred Stegall, 1963–1969

These files contain material in the custody of Mildred Stegall that was sent

to  aides  Walter  Jenkins  or  Marvin  Watson, principally  by  the  Federal

Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

V.71 National Security File, 1963–1969

This  was  the  working  file  of the  Special  Assistants  for  National  Security

Affairs, McGeorge  Bundy  and  Walt  W. Rostow. Material  on  civil  rights

issues is found throughout Memos to the President and in the Subject File

under  the  headings  “Civil  Rights” and  “Operation  Garden  Plot.” The

Agency File for the United States Information Agency (USIA); the Country

Files  for Africa, the  Union  of South Africa, other  sub­Saharan  countries,

andVietnam; and the files of National Security Council(NSC)staff members

Edward K. Hamilton and Ulric Haynes, Jr., also contain relevant material.

V.72 Administrative Histories, 1963–1969

At the end of the administration, executive branch departments and agencies prepared accounts of their activities and accomplishments. Histories of

the following organizations contain significant material on civil rights: the

Department of Defense (DOD); the Department of Health, Education and

Welfare  (HEW); the  Department  of Justice; the  Department  of Housing

and Urban Development (HUD); the Department of Labor; the

Department  of State; the  Equal  Employment  Opportunity  Commission

(EEOC); the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO); the Small Business

Administration (SBA); the United States Information Agency (USIA); and

the District of Columbia Government.

V.73 Appointment Files, 1963–1969

The President’s Daily Diary is a log of appointments and telephone calls

maintained  by  the  White  House  secretaries; the  Diary  Cards  provide  an

alphabetical  name  index  to  it. The  Diary  Backup  contains  preparation

material, press  releases, schedules  for  meetings  and  appointments, and

some reports and notes from meetings.

V.74 Cabinet Papers, 1964–1968

These  materials  include  documents  relating  to  discussions  of civil  rights

issues at Cabinet meetings.

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V.75 Legislative Background and Domestic Crises File, 1963–1968

This  file  includes  background  material  relating  to  significant  legislative

achievements  and  crisis  situations  during  the  Johnson  administration,

including  the  Civil  Rights Acts  of 1964  and  1968, the Voting  Rights Act,

Modern District of Columbia Government (1967) and the 1968 Poor People’s

Campaign, and the death of Martin Luther King, Jr., and subsequent riots.

V.76 Office of the President File, 1963–1969

This file contains material related to the 1967 Detroit riot.

V.77 Recordings and Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, 1963–1969

This collection includes over 6,000 recordings of conversations with members

of Congress, other public officials, civil rights leaders, members of the press,

friends, and family, many of them on civil rights issues.Information about the

recordings, including contents notes, is available on the Library’s web site.

V.78 Reports on Enrolled Legislation, 1963–1968

Prepared by the director of the Legislative Reference Office of the Bureau of

the Budget, these reports, arranged by public law number, cover bills and

joint resolutions submitted to the President for his approval. They include

a copy of the bill, executive branch department and agency recommendations and discussions of the ramifications of the legislation, and often contain signing statements and copies of congressional committee reports as

well. The most relevant are the reports for the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and

1968 and the Voting Rights Act.

V.79 Reports on Pending Legislation, 1963–1968

This file consists primarily of weekly status reports from executive branch

departments and agencies on legislation (including the acts listed above)

affecting  them. Summaries  by  White  House  congressional  liaison  and

Democratic congressional staff and material about the administration’s legislative program are often included.

V.80 Task Force Reports, 1964–1968

These reports are from working groups, both inside (“interagency”) and outside the Government,that formulated policy recommendationsforthe upcoming legislative session.Interagency task forces were formed and reported on the

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Los Angeles riots in 1965, on the District of Columbia government in 1966, on

civil rights in 1966 through 1968, and on law enforcement and administration

of justice in 1966 and 1968. Interagency and/or outside task forces on various

urban issues were formed and reported from 1964 through 1968.

V.81 Public Opinion Mail, 1963–1969

This file consists of letters, cards, telegrams, and petitions from the general

public  addressed  to  the  President. A  sampling  of mail  was  classified  and

filed in the appropriate WHCF Subject File categories. Civil rights material

relates chiefly to the March 1965 violence in Selma, AL, and the President’s

Special Message to the Congress about voting rights; a lesser amount pertains to the August 1965 Los Angeles (Watts) riots.

V.82 Statements of Lyndon B. Johnson, 1927–1972

This chronologically arranged file contains drafts, reading copies, memorandums, and  background  material  for  speeches  throughout  his  political

career. For Presidential statements, this file often contains backup material

not filed in WHCF Subject File category SP (Speeches).

V.83 Audiovisual Materials

Many still pictures taken by White House photographers show civil rights

leaders, city  and  state  government  officials, White  House  staff, executive

branch officials, and legislators with President Johnson at the White House

or the LBJ Ranch. Audio recordings of President Johnson’s speeches were

made by the White House Communications Agency (WHCA). The White

House Naval Photographic Unit produced a monthly motion picture digest

of the President’s activities, including those concerning civil rights issues,

June 1966 to January 1969.

V.84 Post­Presidential Name File, 1969–1973

This file contains correspondence with civil rights leaders such as Clarence

Mitchell, Whitney Young, and Roy Wilkins.

V.85 CBS Television Interviews, 1943–1973

This collection contains background material and transcripts for a series of

interviews of Johnson by Walter Cronkite, including “The Last Interview”

concerning civil rights.

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V.86  Original  Records  of Temporary  Commissions, Committees  and

Boards, 1963–1969

These  include  records  from  the  National Advisory  Commission  on  Civil

Disorders (Kerner Commission), the National Commission on the Causes

and  Prevention  of Violence  (Eisenhower  Commission), the  President’s

Commission  on  Law  Enforcement  and  the  Administration  of Justice

(Katzenbach Commission), the White House Conference “To Fulfill These

Rights,” the President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity in Housing, the

President’s Committee on Urban Housing, and the President’s Committee

on Equal Opportunity in the Armed Forces.

V.87 Personal and Organizational Papers

These  collections  from  individuals  or  organizations  came  to  the  Library

separately from President Johnson’s papers and contain notable civil rights

material.

1. Bernard Boutin Papers, 1965–1967

These papers document Boutin’s activities as Deputy Director of the Office

of Economic Opportunity (OEO) and head of the Small Business

Administration (SBA).

2. Warren Christopher Papers, 1967–1969

These papers document Christopher’s activities as Deputy Attorney

General in the Department of Justice. The files include material relating to

demonstrations, civil disorders, and crime and to legislation, commissions,

and task forces on those subjects.

3. Ramsey Clark Papers, 1961–1973

The  portion  of the  papers  documenting  Clark’s  activities  as  Assistant

Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, and Attorney General in the

Department of Justice contains material on civil rights legislation and task

forces and on demonstrations, civil disorders, and crime. Also included in

the files are records pertaining to the Commission of Inquiry into the Black

Panthers  and  Law  Enforcement  Officials  that  investigated  the  December

1969 raid on the Panthers’ Chicago headquarters.

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4. John B. Connally Papers, 1963–1969

Series  12C  [Larry  Temple’s  Files, Files—Miscellaneous]  and  Series  35

[Social Change, Correspondence from Central Files] of Connally’s papers

as Governor of Texas contain material about civil rights issues in Texas and

elsewhere, public reaction to those issues, legislation,riots and their control

and the roles of Federal and state/local officials and organizations.

5. Democratic National Committee (DNC) Papers, 1960–1968

This collection consists of materials accumulated by officials, staff members, and special groups of the DNC pertaining to election campaigns from

1960 through 1968. Civil rights issues and their political effects are extensively  represented  in  the  research  and  clipping  files. Material  about  the

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) is found in those files and

in records about the 1964 convention.

6. Bertrand M. Harding Papers, 1966–1969

These papers document Harding’s activities as Deputy Director and Acting

Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO).

7. Tom Johnson’s Notes of Meetings, 1967–1968

This  collection  includes  notes  from  meetings  concerning  the  July  1967

Detroit riot and the President’s meeting with civil rights leaders after the

death of Martin Luther King, Jr., in April 1968.

8. Leonard H. Marks Papers, 1964–1968

These  papers  reflect  Marks’s  activities  as  Director  of the  United  States

Information  Agency  (USIA), which  reported  on  foreign  reaction  to  civil

rights  events  in  the  United  States  and  promoted  a  positive  image  of the

United States abroad.

9. Drew Pearson Papers, 1910–1969

The papers of journalist Drew Pearson contain material pertaining to civil

rights issues after 1945.

10. The Library holds papers from black ambassadors Elliott P. Skinner

(1966–69),Hugh Smythe (1965–69), and Franklin H.Williams(1966–68) with

material relating to the diplomatic and international aspects of civil rights.

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V.88 Oral Histories

This extensive collection includes interviews with civil rights leaders, city

and  state  government  officials, White  House  staff, executive  branch  officials, judges, and  legislators  in  which  civil  rights  issues  from  throughout

Lyndon Johnson’s political career are discussed. See the Library’s web site

for  full­text  transcripts  of numerous  interviews  about  the  Civil  Rights

Movement and a complete listing of interviewees. Transcripts of all available interviews may be borrowed by mail.

V.89 Lyndon B. Johnson Library Symposia, 1972–2004

Transcripts and video recordings of the proceedings of “Equal Opportunity

in  the  United  States” (1972, including  President  Johnson’s  last  public

speech), “The American City: Realities and Possibilities” (1973), “Toward

New  Human  Rights: The  Social  Policies  of the  Kennedy  and  Johnson

Administrations” (1976), “The  Great  Society: A  Twenty­Year  Critique”

(1985), “Urban Communities in Transition: Policies for Education,

Economic  Development  and  Employment” (1988), “The  Johnson  Years:

LBJ: The Difference He Made” (1990), “Legal Services to the Poor” (1992),

“The Legacy of the Sixties” (1999), and “Civil Rights: From Black and White

to Color” (2004) contain material about civil rights.

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NIXON PRESIDENTIAL MATERIALS STAFF,

COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND

V.90 White House Central Files (WHCF), Subject Files, 1969–1974

This collection consists of Subject Files, including Education (ED), Federal

Aid (FA), Human Rights (HU), Speeches (SP), and Federal GovernmentOrganizations (FG), that are divided into subcategories using alphanumeric file codes (e.g., FG 23, Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare). Also included in the WHCF are various individual Staff Member

and Office Files (SMOF), including those of Leonard Garment, Robert

Finch, Anne Armstrong, Gordon Clapp, and Bradley Patterson, Jr. The

WHCF consists of correspondence, memorandums, reports, and printed

material.

V.91 White House Special Files (WHSF), 1969–1974

This collection consists of materials that were removed from the WHCF,

Subject  Files, and  from  certain  WHCF, Staff Member  and  Office  Files

(SMOF), by  the  Nixon  aministration’s  Special  Files  Unit  for  political  or

national security reasons, because they were personal materials, or because

they were materials with the President’s handwriting. The WHSF, Subject

Files, consist  mostly  of “Confidential  Files,” including  Education  (ED),

Federal Aid (FA), Human Rights (HU), and Federal Government—

Organizations (FG) File categories are the same as the WHCF’s alphanumeric  subject  categories. The  WHSF, SMOF, includes  Staff Member  and

Office Files of Patrick Buchanan, Charles Colson, John Dean, Harry Dent,

John Ehrlichman, H. R. Haldeman, Egil Krogh, the Staff Secretary’s Files,

the President’s Office Files, and the President’s Personal Files. The WHSF

consists  of correspondence, memorandums, reports, handwritten  notes,

Presidential annotations, and printed material.

V.92 Contested Files, 1969–1974

This  collection  consists  of materials  from  the  WHSF  that  the  National

Archives planned to release publicly in 1987, but then withdrew initially in

response  to  objections  that  former  President  Nixon  raised  in  accordance

with regulations implementing the Presidential Recordings and Materials

Preservation  Act  (PRMPA)  of 1974. The  Presidential  Materials  Review

Board, which was created in accordance with the PRMPA regulations, evaluated  President  Nixon’s  objections  on  a  case­by­case  basis. In  1996, the

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National  Archives  released  publicly  about  28,000  documents  from  the

Contested Files, which consist of the same type of materials that are found

in the WHSF.

V.93 Cabinet Committee on Education, 1970–1972, Record Group 220

This  collection  consists  of correspondence, reports, clippings, and  press

releases related to the Committee’s efforts to help school districts carry out

court orders to desegregate. Topics include desegregation cases in southern

school districts, notably the Supreme Court decision on busing, Swann vs.

Charlotte­Mecklenburg  Board  of Education (1971), and  busing  legislation,

including a proposed constitutional amendment banning busing.

V.94 Further  information  about  the  textual  collections  at  the  Nixon

Presidential Materials Staff is available at the Nixon Staff’s website,

http://www.archives.gov/nixon/.

V.95 Public Papers of the Presidents, 1969–1974

These Government Printing Office publications began in 1957 in response

to a recommendation of the National Historical Publications

Commission. Noting the lack of uniform compilations of messages and

papers of the Presidents before this time, the Commission recommended

the establishment of an official series in which Presidential writings,

addresses, and remarks of a public nature could be made available.

Volumes covering the administrations of Presidents Hoover, Truman,

Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H.W.

Bush, William J. Clinton, and George W. Bush are included in the Public

Papers series. Currently, GPO Access contains the Public Papers for

Presidents George H.W. Bush, William J. Clinton, and George W. Bush.

Additional volumes covering the administrations of Presidents Hoover,

Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Reagan

will be made available from GPO in the future. Currently, volumes are

published approximately twice a year, and each volume covers approximately a 6­month period.

V.96 Nixon White House tapes, 1971–1973

The Nixon tapes consist of recorded conversations at various locations in

the White House, in the Old Executive Office Building, and at Camp David.

The tapes include conversations about civil rights­related subjects such as

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welfare  reform  (e.g., the  Family  Assistance  Plan), race  relations, politics

(e.g., the  1972  campaign), school  desegregation  (e.g., the  elimination  of

dual school systems), busing, President Nixon’s public statements (e.g.,

his March 16, 1972, speech about equal educational opportunity), and

housing policy. Participants in these conversations include President

Nixon, H. R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, Ronald Ziegler, Charles

Colson, John Mitchell, and Republican congressional leaders. Finding

aids and tape subject logs, which are detailed subject outlines (not transcripts) of each conversation  on  the  Nixon  tapes, are  available  online  at

http://www.ssa.gov/history/Nixon/nixontapesfa.html.

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GERALD R. FORD LIBRARY,

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN

V.97 James M. Cannon Files, 1975–1977

This collection contains memorandums, briefing papers, drafts of speeches, drafts  of legislation, enrolled  bills, meeting  notes, press  releases, and

reports that document James M. Cannon’s role as Assistant to the President

for Domestic Affairs. The collection provides a good, top­level view of most

domestic  policy  issues, and  it  is  a  key  source  on  management  of the

Domestic  Council’s  staff and  operations. Relevant  topics  include  busing,

civil rights in education (Title IX), and voting rights.

V.98 Arthur A. Fletcher Files, 1976

This collection contains memorandums, correspondence, invitations,

speeches, proposals, reports, agendas, and publications related to Fletcher’s

work as Deputy Assistant to the President for Urban Affairs. Materials concern his work on urban affairs, minority businesses, black colleges and universities, and other issues of interest to Black Americans during 1976.

V.99 Edward Hutchinson Papers, 1959–1976

This collection contains correspondence, reports, notes, copies of proposed

legislation, and printed material related to Edward Hutchinson’s work as a

Congressman, especially his activities as a member of the House Judiciary

Committee. Material  related  to  his  position  on  the  Judiciary  Committee

document such topics as civil rights, busing, voting rights, and the Equal

Rights Amendment from the mid­1960s to the early 1970s. This collection

is on deposit from Michigan Historical Collections—Bentley Library.

V.100 Bobbie Greene Kilberg Files, 1974–1977

This  collection  includes  memorandums, correspondence, congressional

bills, reports, briefing papers, and clippings that document Bobbie Green

Kilberg’s  role  as  Associate  Counsel  to  President  Ford  from  July  1975  to

January 1977. Like most staff members of the Counsel’s Office, she handled

a broad range of legal questions, but her background and interests led to

several assignments concerning the rights of women and Native Americans.

Documents related to busing for school desegregation, a prominent topic

in this collection, include busing cases in specific cities and the Ford administration’s proposed legislation.

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V.101 Patricia Lindh and Jeanne Holm Files, 1974–1977

This  collection  includes  correspondence, memorandums, reports, draft

proposals  and  resolutions, speeches, minutes, notes, press  releases, and

publications  related  to  Patricia  Lindh’s  and  Jeanne  Holm’s  liaison  with

women’s groups and their advocacy within the White House on issues of

special interest to women. It also includes material accumulated by

Presidential Counsellor Anne Armstrong and Office of Women’s Programs

Director  Karen  Keesling. Topics  include  the  Equal  Rights  Amendment,

International  Women’s  Year, Presidential  appointment  of women, public

policy, and issues affecting the civil and economic rights of women.

V.102 Ron Nessen Files, 1974–1977

This  collection  includes  Ron  Nessen’s  transcripts  of press  briefings, case

files on media interviews, and correspondence with the media that he accumulated in his role as President Ford’s press secretary. Topics document all

aspects of the Ford administration’s domestic and foreign policies, including civil rights, women’s rights, and human rights.

V.103 Richard D. Parsons Files, 1974–1977

This collection includes correspondence, memorandums, reports, speeches, briefing  papers, press  releases, publications, and  newspaper  clippings

relating  to  Richard  Parsons’s  role  as  counsel  and  Associate  Director  for

Justice, Crime, Civil  Rights, and  Consumer  Affairs  on  President  Ford’s

Domestic  Council. Parsons  also  chaired  the  Council’s  Drug  Review  Task

Force. Topics include affirmative action, busing to achieve school desegregation, civil rights, crime, drugs, gun control, illegal immigration, justice,

privacy, sex discrimination by educational institutions, and voting rights.

V.104 President Ford Committee Records, 1975–1978

This collection consists of memorandums, correspondence, reports, notes,

transcripts, speeches, background  material, press  releases, clippings, and

printed material relating to the work of President Ford’s 1976 Presidential

election  campaign  committee. It  contains  materials  on  politics, finances,

legal matters, public opinion polls, advertising, press relations, and appeals

to  specific  interest  groups  or  segments  of the  population. Topics  include

civil rights, busing, the Equal Rights Amendment, and other issues related

to minorities and the 1976 campaign.

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V.105 Barry N. Roth Files, 1974–1977

This  collection  consists  of correspondence, memorandums, court  documents, and depositions related to Schmalzried v. Ford, a sex discrimination

suit  in  the White  House  Press  Office. Other  material  in  this  collection  is

currently unprocessed and closed for research.

V.106 Stanley S. Scott Papers, (1969) 1971–1979

This collection consists of memorandums, correspondence, reports, briefing  papers, lists, speeches, press  releases, and  clippings  that  document

Stanley  S. Scott’s  work  in  the  White  House  Office  of Communications

(1971–73) and as the White House liaison with minorities (1973–75). He

was  a  leading  White  House  representative  to  and  advocate  for  African

Americans. Topics include liaison with the Congressional Black Caucus, the

role of African Americans in the Republican Party and in the Nixon and

Ford administrations, civil rights, equal employment opportunity,relations

with minority press and media outlets, minority business, minority contracts, Federal support for black colleges, and attempts to appeal to black

voters in the 1972 election.

V.107 Sheila R. Weidenfeld Files, (1924) 1974–1977

This collection consists of memorandums, correspondence, reports, briefing books, schedules, programs, press releases, speech drafts, and clippings

that were compiled by Sheila Weidenfeld and her assistant, Patti Matson,

during her tenure as press secretary to First Lady  Betty Ford from

November  1974  to  January  1977. Topics  include  extensive  files  on  Mrs.

Ford’s background, daily activities, press coverage, and domestic and foreign  travels; the  Ford  children; social  events; and  views  on  public  issues

such as women’s rights and the Equal Rights Amendment.

V.108 White House Central Files Subject File, 1974–1977

This collection consists of correspondence, memorandums, reports, background material, briefing books, notes, press releases, and printed information. The White House Central Files (WHCF) Subject File is a large component of the filing and retrieval system shared by President Ford and his

staff. It contains information on nearly everything and everyone associated

with  the  Ford  administration. It  consists  of 60  basic  subject  categories

divided  into  over  1,000  subcategories  using  alphanumeric  file  codes.

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Relevant subject categories include CO (Countries), FA 3 (Federal Aid—

Education), FG (Federal Government Organizations/Units), HU (Human

Rights), IT  64­13  (International  Organizations—  UN: Commission  on

Human Rights), MC (Meetings—Conferences), PE (Personnel

Management—Federal Government), PP 5­1 (Ford, Betty), SP (Speeches),

and WE (Welfare).

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JIMMY CARTER LIBRARY,

ATLANTA, GEORGIA

V.109 Domestic Affairs  and  Policy  Collection—Civil  Rights  and  Justice

Cluster, 1977–1981 (22 ft.)

This  collection  of the  Domestic  Policy  Staff’s  Civil  Rights  and  Justice

Cluster advised the President and the White House staff on a wide range of

legal issues under the general purview of “civil rights and justice.” Since the

Justice  Department  (in  consultation  with  the  President  and  the  White

House  Counsel’s  Office)  assumed  the  primary  role  in  formulating  and

implementing  civil  rights  and  justice  policies, this  DPS  cluster  generally

performed a research and advisory function. In carrying out its duties, this

cluster worked closely with the White House Counsel’s Office, other DPS

clusters, and various members of the White House staff who dealt with specific aspects of civil rights and justice policies. This cluster also assisted the

White  House  Counsel’s  Office  as  a  liaison  with  the  House  and  Senate

Judiciary Committees, the Justice Department, and the counsels of other

Federal  agencies. In  1977–78, attorneys  Annie  Gutierrez  and  Robert  A.

Malson conducted much of the work of this cluster.

V.110 Louis Martin Collection, 1978–1981 (50 ft.)

Louis Martin was chosen to be the White House liaison to the black population because of his experience, knowledge, and sensitivity to blacks in this

country. Martin’s  files  document  his  extensive  communication  with  the

black community and black leaders. The collection consists of correspondence, memorandums, notes, photographs, clippings, and  speeches. His

duties included serving as the visible point of contact between blacks and

the White House; conveying to the President issues, concerns, and needs of

blacks; monitoring government programs and pending initiatives of interest  to  blacks; and  defending, describing, and  supporting  programs  and

policies of the administration as they related to blacks.

V.111 Martha (Bunny) Mitchell Collection, 1977–1981 (13 ft.)

Bunny Mitchell’s primary assignment in the administration was to serve as

a link between President Carter and minorities. These files consist of correspondence, memorandums, reports, notes, and printed material related to

Bunny Mitchell’s duties during the Carter administration. She dealt with

issues  and  organizations  such  as  the  Afro­American  Life  and  History

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Association, the Black Caucus, anti­redlining regulations, the Civil Rights

Commission and the civil rights reorganization, NAACP, and the National

Association of Black Managers.

V.112  White  House  Office  of Counsel  to  the  President: Margaret  A.

McKenna Files, 1977–1981 (13 ft.)

Margaret A. McKenna served as deputy counsel in the White House. This

office  provided  legal  advice  to  the  President  and  White  House  staff and

served as a liaison to the Department of Justice. In her collection are weekly  reports  from  the  Justice  Department, organized  by  city  and  state, that

describe pending or current legal activities. Of specific interest to this project  are  those  Justice  reports  that  refer  to  cases  of school  integration  and

school board voting issues in Atlanta as well as racial discrimination cases

by local Atlanta realtors.

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APPENDIX A: Published Congressional

Hearings That Pertain to Issues of Civil

Rights Beginning with the 79th Congress

(1945–1946)

AA.1 House and Senate committees are responsible for assessing, amending, and approving Federal legislation prior to floor consideration.

Congressional  committee hearings  are  a part of this process. They occur

when bills are introduced or the committee needs to gather opinions and

information regarding the feasibility of the legislation in question. Many of

the hearings are never published, but most do reach publication. They normally  contain  the  full  transcripts  of the  hearings  proceedings, arranged

chronologically in the  order  of appearances  of those who testified. They

include oral opening statements, committee questions, and discussion. The

following list identifies the published congressional hearings that pertain to

issues of civil rights beginning with the 79th Congress (1945–46). The list

is based on the CIS Congressional Committee Hearing Index. The list identifies the congress, subjects, committee, CIS Index number, and superintendent of documents number (SuDoc).

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

AA.2 79th  1st  1945–46

Committee Hearing: April 11, 12, 19–21, 23–26; May 3, 4, 1945

Subject description: Federal aid to education and labor; Federal aid to

states; Teacher education; discrimination in education

Bill sent to: Senate Committee on Education and Labor, S.717, S.181

CIS Index: 79­S777­2­B

SuDoc Number: Y4Ed 8/3:Ed 8/12/pt.2

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C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

AA.3 79th 2nd 1945–46

Committee Hearing: December 2–5, 1946

Subject description: Senatorial campaign expenditures; voter registration;

racial discrimination; investigation of Senator Theodore G. Bilbo’s efforts

to prevent voting

Committee: Senate Special Committee to Investigate Senatorial Campaign

Expenditures

CIS Index: 79­S808­14

SuDoc Number: Y4.Se5/2:M69

AA.4 80th  1st 1947–48

State of the Union Address, Harry S. Truman, President, 1947

House Document No. 1

AA.5 80th 2nd 1947–48

State of the Union Address, Harry S. Truman, President, 1948

House Document No. 493

Message from the President of the United States: Transmitting His

Recommendations  for  Civil  Rights  Program, House  Document  No. 516,

United States Serial Set 11241

AA.6 80th 2nd 1947–48

Committee Hearing: March 12–13, 1948

Subject description: Discrimination in education; interstate compacts; education; regional planning; Federal­state relations

Bill sent to: Senate: Committee on the Judiciary, S.J. Res. 191

CIS Index: 80­S862­2

SuDoc Number: Y4.J89/2:Ed8

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C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

AA.7 80th 2nd 1947–48

Committee Hearing: March 17, 18, 22–25, 29–31, April 1–3, 1948

Subject description: Universal military training; racial discrimination

Committee: Senate Committee on Armed Services

SuDoc: Y4.Ar5/3:3:m59

AA.8 81st 1st 1949–51

Committee Hearing: June 8, 15, 22, 1949; January 17, 24, 1950

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Committee Serial No. 18

Subject description: Anti­lynching and protection of civil rights

Bills sent to: see 81­1269­1, CIS U.S. Congressional Committee Hearing

Index, 79th–82nd Congress, 1945–52, p. 786

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:81­1/18

AA.9 81st 1st 1949–51

Committee Hearing: June 17, 22, 29, July 14, 1949

Subject description: Civil Rights Act; Commission on Civil Rights

Bills sent to: Senate: Committee on the Judiciary S1725, S1734

CIS Index: 81S 965­5

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/8, 136p

AA.10 82nd 1st 1951–52

Committee Hearing: October 2, 3, 9, 1951

Subject description: Limitation on debate in the Senate, includes discussion of Senate filibuster tactics on civil rights

Bill sent to: Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, S.Res. 41,

S.Res. 52, S.Res. 105, S.Res.203

CIS Hearing 82­5996­11

SuDoc: Y4.R86/2:D35/2, 322p

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C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS

AA.11 83rd 2nd 1953–54

Committee Hearing: January 26, 27, 1954

Title: Commission on Civil Rights

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Commission on Civil Rights, civil rights, Civil Rights

and Privileges Act

Bills: 83 S.1; 83 S.535

CIS Index: (83) S1101­1

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/10 77p.

AA.12 84th 1st 1955–56

Bill Number: 2167

Public Law: 85­315, 71 stat. 634 Civil Rights Act of 1957

Date: September 9, 1957

Bills sent to: Senate Committee on the Judiciary S83, 428, 502, 510,

1658—House Committee on the Judiciary, H.R. 140, 363, 374, 395,437,

440, 550, 887, 956, 1099, 1101, 1254, 2145, 2153, 2835, 3088, 3481, 3481,

3793, 4420, 4782, 5388, 6127

85/1:H.rp 291 Serial Set 11984

CIS Hearing Index 85H 1615­3 Y4.J 89/1:85/1 House Judiciary Committee

Civil Rights

CIS Hearing Index 85H 1616­2 Y4.R 86/1:C49/2/957 House Committee

on Rules Civil Rights

CIS Hearing Index 85S 1221­3 Y4.J 89/2:C 49/13/957 Senate Committee on

the Judiciary Civil Rights

AA.13 84th  2nd 1955–56

Committee Hearing: April 24, May 16, 25, June 1, 12, 25–27, July 6, 13, 1956

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights proposal; Commission on Civil Rights,

Civil Rights Division, Justice Department; Joint Committee on Civil

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C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Rights; voter registration

Bills: see CIS Hearing Index

CIS Index: (84) S1951­7

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13 346p

AA.14 84th 2nd 1955–56

Committee Hearing: April 10, 1956

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Antilynching Act; Civil Rights Act; civil rights;

Commission on Civil Rights; Civil Rights Division, Justice Department

Bills: (84) H.R. 259; H.R. 627

CIS Index: (84) 1535­3

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:84/11/pt.2 32p

AA.15 84th 2nd 1955–56

Committee Hearing: June 20, 21, 27, 1956

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Considers legislation to establish a Civil Rights

Division within Justice Department and a Commission on Civil Rights

Bills: (84) H.R. 627

CIS Index: (84) H 1559­5

SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2 150p

AA.16 85th 1st 1957–58

Committee Hearing: May 2, 7–9, 13–17, 1957

Title: Civil Rights

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Commission on Civil Rights; legislation to strengthen

civil rights; racial discrimination; Civil Rights Division, Justice Department

Bill: (85) H.R. 2167

CIS Index: (85) H1616­2

SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2/957 231p

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C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

AA.17 85th 2nd 1957–58

Committee Hearing: February 24, 1958

Title: Members of the Commission on Civil Rights

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Nominations to the Commission

CIS Index: (85) SJ­4

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/14 20p

AA.18 85th 2nd 1957–58

Committee Hearing: April 2, 1958

Title: Nomination of Gordon Maclean Tiffany

Subject description: Nominations to the Commission

CIS Index: 85­SJ­3 (Published Hearings)

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:T44 21p

AA.19 86th 1st 1959–60

Committee Hearing: March 18–20, April 8, 10, 14, 16, 22, May 12, 13, 1959

Title: Civil Rights—1959, Part 1

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Consider several bills to amend Civil Rights Act (S.

435; S.456; S.499; S.810; S.957; S.1084; S.1199)

Bills: 86 S.435; 86 S.456; 86 S.499; 86 S.810; 86 S. 957; 86 S.958; 86 S.959;

86 S.960; 86 S.1084; 86 S.1199; 86 S.1277; 86 S.1848; 86 S.1998; 86 S.2001;

86 S.2002; 86 S.2003; 86 S.2041

CIS Index: 86 S1338­2­A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/959/pt.1 698p

AA.20 86th 1st 1959–60

Committee Hearing: April 21, 1959

Title: Nomination of George M. Johnson

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

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C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Subject description: Commission on Civil Rights nomination

CIS Index: 86 S1320­2

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:J63 14p

AA.21 87th 1st 1961–62

Committee Hearing: June 16, 1961

Title: Nominees for the Commission on Civil Rights

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Nominations of Erwin N. Griswold; Spottswood W.

Robinson, lll; Berl I. Bernhard

CIS Index: 87 S1466­4

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/14/961 20p

AA.22 88th 1st 1963–64

Committee Hearing: May 21–23, June 5, 6, 12, 1963

Title: Civil Rights Commission

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Consider legislation to extend authority of the

Commission on Civil Rights

Bills: 88 S.1117; 88 S.1219

CIS Index: 88 S1574­4

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/10/963 467p

DISCRIMINATION IN EDUCATION

AA.23 80th 2nd 1947–48

Committee Hearing: May 12–13, 1948

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: regional educational interstate compact; regional

planning; discrimination in education

Bill: (80) S.J. Res. 191

295
 
       

   

   

         

   

   

             

           

   

   

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CIS Index: (80) S862­3

SuDoc: Y4.89/2:ed8 158p

AA.24 84th 1st 1955–56

Committee Hearing: July 13, 14, 27, 1955

Title: Civil Rights

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights; discrimination in education, employment; housing, racial discrimination; voter registration

Bill: see CIS Index (84) H.1511­4

CIS Index: (84) H1511­4

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:84/11 358p

AA.25 86th 1st 1959–60

Committee Hearing: May 14, 15, 18–22, 25–28, 1959

Title: Civil Rights, Part 2

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary; Senate Subcommittee on

Constitutional Rights

Subject description: continuation of hearings on bills to amend Civil

Rights Act; Civil Rights Act; civil rights; discrimination in education;

racial discrimination 

Bills: 86 S.857; 86 S.958; 86 S.959; 86 S.960; 86 S.1084; 86 S.1199; 86

S.1277; 86 S.1848; 86 S.1998; 86 S.2001; 86 S.2002; 86 S.2003; 86 S.2041

CIS Index: 86 S1338­2­B

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/959/pt.2 699–1445p

Committee Hearing: 1959

Title: Civil Rights, Part 3

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary; Senate Subcommittee on

Constitutional Rights

Subject description: Court cases; literature regarding racial violence and

school desegregation; discrimination in education

Bills: see 86 S1338­2­B

296
 
   

   

   

   

     

   

   

   

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

CIS Index: 86 S1339–0–A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/959/pt.3 appendix 1447–2127p

Committee Hearing: 1959

Title: Civil Rights, Part 4

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary; Senate Subcommittee on

Constitutional Rights

Subject description: Court cases regarding racial violence and school

desegregation; discrimination in education, overview of civil rights

Bills: see 86 S1338­2­B

CIS Index: 86 S1339–0–B

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/959/pt.4 appendix 2127a–2813p

AA.26 88th 1st 1963–64

Committee Hearing: 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 1

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary; House Subcommittee

No. 5 (Judiciary)

Subject description: bill texts of civil rights legislation, discrimination in

education; racial discrimination; Commission on Civil Rights

Bills: see CIS Index: (88) H2014–0–A

CIS Index: 88 H2014–0–A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.1 906p

AA.27 88th 2nd 1963–64

Committee Hearing: January 9, 14–16, 1964

Title: Civil Rights, Part 1

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Considers H.R. 7152, to enforce the constitutional

right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon district courts of the U.S. to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to

authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional

297
 
                     

         

   

   

     

   

   

         

   

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

rights in education, and to establish a Commission on Equal Employment

Opportunity

Bill: 88 H.R.7152

CIS Index: 88 H2036–2–A

SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2/964/pt.1 307p

AA.28 88th 1st 1963–64

Committee Hearing: May 8, 9, 15, 16, 23, 24, 28; June 13, 26, 27; July 10–12,

17–19, 24–26, 31; August 1, 2, 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 2

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights omnibus legislation; discrimination in

education; public education of black students; extension of Commission

on Civil Rights

Bills: see CIS Index (88) H2014–0–B

CIS Index: 88 H2014–0–B

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.2 907–1764p

AA.29 88th 2nd 1963–64

Committee Hearing: January 21–23, 28, 29, 1964

Title: Civil Rights, Part 2

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Civil Rights Act; Commission on Civil Rights; discrimination in education; discrimination in employment; racial discrimination; voter registration; Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Bills: 88 H.R. 7152

CIS Index: 88 H2036­2­B

SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2/964/pt.2 309–606p

AA.30 88th 1st 1963–64

Committee Hearing: July 17–19, 24–26, 31; August 1,2, 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 3

298
 
     

   

   

       

                 

   

   

             

   

     

       

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil Rights Act; Commission on Civil Rights; discrimination in education; discrimination in employment; racial discrimination; voter registration; Federal Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission; Community Relations Service (establishment)

Bills: see CIS Index 88 H2036­1­A

CIS Index: 88 H2036­1­A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.3 1765–2649p

AA.31 88th 1st 1963–64

Committee Hearing: October 15, 16, 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 4

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Department of Justice; Civil Rights Act; Commission

on Civil Rights; discrimination in education; discrimination in employment; voter registration; racial discrimination; Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission

Bills: 88 H.R. 3139; 88 H.R. 7152

CIS Index: 88H2036­1­B

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.4

Committee Hearing: July 16–18, 24, 25, 30, 31; August 1, 8, 23; September

11, 1963

Title: Civil Rights: The President’s Program, 1963

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Federal aid to states; Civil Rights Act; civil rights; discrimination in education and employment; Commission on Civil Rights

(extension); Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (reorganization)

Bills: 88 S.1731; 88 S. 1750

CIS Index: 88 S1592­3

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/963 483p

Committee Hearing: June 26; July 8, 9, 1963

Title: Nondiscrimination in Federally Assisted Education Program

Committee: House Committee on Education and Labor

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C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Subject description: Federal aid to education; discrimination in education;

National Defense Education Act; Land Grant College Act

Bills: See CIS Index 88 H1999­5

CIS Index: 88 H1999­5

SuDoc: Y4.Ed8/1:N73 114p

Serial Set/ Publication No.: H.rp. 851

Title: Prohibition on discrimination in Federally assisted education

Serial Vol.: 12544

Reported Bills: 88 H.R. 7771

Committee Hearing: August 12, 1963

Title: Racial Discrimination in Federally Assisted Education Programs

Committee: House Committee on Education and Labor

Subject description: Federal aid to education; federal aid to higher education (non­discrimination requirement established); discrimination in

education; National Defense Education Act; Land Grant Act

Bills: 88 H.R. 7771

CIS Index: 88 H2105­3

SuDoc: Y4.Ed8/1:R11/2 75p

AA.32 89th 1st 1965–66

Committee Hearing: July 27–28, 1965

Title: De Facto School Segregation

Committee: House Committee on Education and Labor

Subject description: The problem of de facto segregation in northern

urban school systems; discrimination in education

CIS Index: 89 H2161­3

SuDoc: Y4.Ed8/1:Sch6/20 362p

AA.33 89th 2nd 1965–66

Committee Hearing: June 6–10, 13–16, 21, 22, 24, 28, 1966

Title: Civil Rights, Part 1

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

300
 
         

   

         

   

           

   

         

   

               

         

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Subject description: Considers S. 3296, the Civil Rights Act of 1966, and

nine related bills; amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other statutes to

revise state and Federal jury selection procedure; federal jurisdiction over

certain types of cases; authorize Department of Justice to initiate civil

rights suits without prior complaint; prohibit racial discrimination in the

sale or let of housing

Bills: 89 H.R.12845; 89 S.3296; 89 S.1497; 89 S.1654; 89 S.2845; 89 S.2846;

89 S.2923; 89 S.3170; 89 H.R.5640; 89 H.R.14765

CIS Index: 89 S1765­0­A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/966/pt.1 960p

Committee Hearing: July 13–15, 19, 20, 26–28, August 4, 1966

Title: Civil Rights, Part 2

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights anti­discriminatory judicial procedures

and housing legislation, impact on states rights

Bills: 90 H.R.12845; 89 S.3296; 89 S.1497; 89 S.2845; 89 S.2846; 89 S.2923;

89 H.R.5640; 89 S.3170; 89 H.R.14765

CIS Index: 89 S1765­0­b

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/966/pt.2 963–1855p

AA.34 90th  1st  1967–68

Committee Hearing: August 1, 8, 9, 14, September 19–21, 26, 27, 1967

Title: Civil Rights Act of 1967

Subject description: Considers S.1026 and 6 related bills, to amend Civil

Rights Act of 1964 to ensure non­discriminatory jury selection, employment, education and housing practices; to provide punishment for violent

crimes involving racial discrimination; to extend authority of

Commission on Civil Rights through 1973

Bills: 90 H.R.5700; 90 S.1026; 90 S.1318; 90 S.1359; 90 S.1362; 90 S.1462;

90 H.R.2516; 90 H.R.10805

CIS Index: 90 S1822­2

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/967 519p

301
 
   

                 

             

             

   

         

   

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT

AA.35 84th 2nd 1955–56

Committee Hearing: April 24, may 16, 25, June 1, 12, 25–27, July 6, 13, 1956

Title: Civil Rights Proposals

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights legislation, extension and expansion

Bills: 84 S.900; 84 S.902; 84 S.903; 84 H.R.5205; 84 S.J.Res. 29; 84

S.Con.Res. 8; 84 S.905; 84 S.907; 84 S.1089; 84 S.3604; 84 S.3605; 84

S.3415; 84 S.3717; 84 S.3718

CIS Index: 84 S1951­7

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13 346p

AA.36 85th 1st 1957–58

Committee Hearing: February 4–7, 13, 14, 25, 26, 1957

Title: Civil Rights

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: two hearings of House Judiciary Committee on civil

rights held during the 84th Congress

Bills: see CIS 85 H1615­3

CIS Index: 85 H1615­3

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:85/1 1299p

AA.37 88th 1st 1963–64

Committee Hearing: 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 1

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights omnibus legislation, contains texts of 173

civil rights bills

Bills: see CIS 88 H2014­0­A

CIS Index: 88 H2014­0­A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.1 906 p

302
 
       

   

     

   

                 

     

   

   

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Committee Hearing: July 17–19, 24–26, August 1,2, 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 3

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Considers miscellaneous proposals regarding civil

rights of persons within the jurisdiction of the United States

Bills: see CIS 88 H2036­1­A

CIS Index: 88 H2036­1­A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.3 1765–2649 p

Committee Hearing: October 15, 16, 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 4

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights legislation, miscellaneous proposals

regarding civil rights

Bills: 88 H.R.3139; 88 H.R.7152

CIS Index: 88 H2036­1­B

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.4 2651–2780 p

Committee Hearing: July 16–18, 24, 25, 30, 31, August 1, 8, 23, September

11, 1963

Title: Civil Rights—The President’s Program, 1963

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Considers legislation to prohibit discrimination in

employment, education, and voting, and to prohibit discrimination in

federally funded programs

Bills: 88 S.1731; 88 S.1750

CIS Index: 88 S1592­3

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/963 483 p

AA.38 88th 2nd 1963–64

Committee Hearing: June 30, 1964

Title: Civil Rights

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Consider legislation authorizing the adoption of the

303
 
     

   

   

   

                     

         

   

   

     

   

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Senate Civil Rights Bill without further House consideration

Bills: 88 H.R.7152; 88 H.Res.789

CIS Index: 88 H2073­10

SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2/964­2 57p

Committee Hearing: January 9, 14–16, 1964

Title: Civil Rights, Part 1

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Consider H.R. 1752, to enforce the constitutional

right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon district courts of the U.S. to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations; to

authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional

rights in education, to extend for four years the Commission on Civil

Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, and to

establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity

Bills: 88 H.R.7152

CIS Index: 88 H2036­2­A

SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2/964/pt.1 1–307 p

Committee Hearing: May 8, 9, 15, 16, 23, 24, 28, June 13, 26, 27, July 10–12,

17–19, 24–26, 31, August 1, 2, 1963

Title: Civil Rights, Part 2

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights omnibus legislation; minorities’ use of

public facilities guarantee; public education access for minority students

Bills: see CIS 88 H2014­0­B

CIS Index: 88 H2014­0­B

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:88/4/pt.2 907–1764 p

Committee Hearing: January 21–23, 28, 29, 1964

Title: Civil Rights. Part 2

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Civil rights legislation, miscellaneous proposal

regarding civil rights

Bills: 88 H.R.7152

CIS Index: 88 H2036­2­B

304
 
               

                   

               

             

                 

         

   

       

         

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SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2/964/pt.2 309–606 p

AA.39 90th 1st 1967–68

Committee Hearing: August 1, 8, 9, 14, September 19–21, 26, 27, 1967

Title: Civil Rights Act of 1967

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Amend Civil Rights Act of 1964 to ensure nondiscriminatory jury selection, employment, education, and housing practices; to

provide punishment for violent crimes involving racial discrimination; to

extend authority of the Commission on Civil Rights through 1973

Bills: 90 H.R.5700; 90 S.1026; 90 S.1318; 90 S.1359; 90 S.1362; 90 S.1462;

90 H.R.2516; 90 H.R.10805

CIS Index: 90 S1822­2

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13/967 519 p

DISCRIMINATION IN HOUSING

AA.40 84th 1st 1955–56

Committee Hearing: July 13, 14, 27, 1955

Title: Civil Rights

Committee: House Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Civil rights protection expansion

Bills: see CIS 84 H1511­4

CIS Index: 84 H1511­4

SuDoc: Y4.J89/1:84/11 385p

Committee Hearing: May 23–26, June 2, 3, 6–10, 1955

Title: Housing Amendments of 1955

Committee: House Committee on Banking and Currency

Subject description: Housing aid programs, extension and revision

Bills: 84 H.R.5827: 84 S.2126

305
 
   

               

   

             

   

         

   

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

CIS Index: 84 H1496­1

SuDoc: Y4.B22/1: H81/955 627p

AA.41 84th 2nd 1955–56

Committee Hearing: May 7–11, 14, 16–18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 1956

Title: Housing Act of 1956

Committee: House Committee on Banking and Currency

Subject description: Housing aid programs, extension and revision

Bills: see CIS 84 H1552–8

CIS Index: 84 H1552­8

SuDoc: Y4.B22/1:H28/956 666p

AA.42 88th 2nd 1963–64

Committee Hearing: June 30, 1964

Title: Civil Rights

Committee: House Committee on Rules

Subject description: Civil rights omnibus legislation, House passage of

Senate bill without additional House consideration

Bills: 88 H.R.7152; 88 H.Res.789

CIS Index: 88 H2073–10

SuDoc: Y4.R86/1:C49/2/964­2 57p

AA.43 89th 2nd 1965–66

Committee: June 6–10, 13–16, 21, 22, 24, 28, 1966

Title: Civil Rights, Part 1

Committee: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

Subject description: Consider S. 3296, the Civil Rights Act of 1966, and

nine related bills, amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other statutes to

revise state and Federal jury selection procedures, to allow Federal jurisdiction over certain types of cases, to authorize the Justice Department to

initiate civil rights suits without prior complaint, and to prohibit racial

discrimination in the sale or let of housing.

306
 
         

   

C O N G R E S S S E S S I O N Y E A R

Bill: 89 H.R.12845; 89 S.3296; 89 S.1497; 89 S.1654; 89 S.2845; 89 S.2846;

89 S.2923; 89 H.R.5640; 89 S.3170; 89 H.R.14765

CIS Index 89 S1765–0–A

SuDoc: Y4.J89/2:C49/13966/pt.1 960p

307
 

   

               

APPENDIX B: Department of Justice

Microfilm Collection Deposited in the 

John F. Kennedy Library, August 1964

AB.1  Civil Rights Division 

This collection is with the National Archives and Records Administration,

College Park, MD, located with the Access Staff (NWCTS).

Roll No.

1.	 Miscellaneous Correspondence of the Assistant Attorney General:

February 1961–January 1962 (Released in full)

2.	 March 1962–January1963 (Released in full)

3.	 February 1963–June 17, 1963 (4 items/13 pp.)

4.	 June 18, 1963–December 1963 (3 items/4 pp.)

5.	 Memoranda and Letters to the President, the Attorney General,

Congress, State Political 

Leaders and others (Released in full)

Records relating to Committees and Commissions:

Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights

American Bar Association, Committee on Civil Rights

President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity in the Armed

Forces

6.	 President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity in Housing

Washington Housing—Housing and Home Finance Agency

Commission on Civil Rights

Sub­Cabinet Committee on Civil Rights (2 items/2 pp.)

7. Records Relating to Individuals and Organizations (Released in full)

309
 
   

   

     

   

   

16

8. Records Relating to School Desegregation:

School Desegregation, Fall 1963

University of Mississippi (1 item/1 p.)

9.	 University of Alabama Records Relating to Demonstrations:

Voluntary Attempts at Desegregation (5 pp.)

10.	 Desegregation Meetings

Demonstration Incidents (Released in full)

11.	 Demonstration Incidents

Records Relating to Legislation, 1963 (Released in full)

12.	 Enforcement of Court Desegregation Orders, University of

Mississippi

Meredith v. Fair—Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals

Files of John Doar

Trial Files: Correspondence, Pleadings, Briefs (1 item/13 pp.,

redacted)

13.	 Transcripts—U.S. v. Barnett­Johnson Amicus Brief No. 661,

Supreme Court (Released in full)

14.	 Appeals and Research Files (Released in full)

15.	 Department of Justice Files (2 pp., redacted)

Oxford Riot, September 30, 1962: Note Books: Interview with

University Faculty and Journalists (Released in full)

17.	 Interviews with Marshals and Officers (4 pp., redacted)

18.	 Interviews with Students and Others

Injuries Sustained by Marshals

Maps, Squads, Details

Oxford Notebook of John Doar (6 pp., redacted)

19.	 Investigations­F.B.I. Reports: September through October 1962

20.	 November–December 1962

21.	 January–August 1963 (20 pp., redacted)

Letterhead Memoranda, September 1962–March 1963

310
 
   

   

22. Miscellaneous Working Files

23.	 Meredith—Ole Miss (36 items, 155 pp., redacted)

Files of John Doar

Department of Justice Files

Exhibits

White Citizens’ Council of Mississippi

24.	 U.S. v. Barnett­Johnson

Files of John Doar (2 items/3 pp. WIF)

25.	 Trial Files (Released in full)

26.	 Appeals and Research Files (6 pp., redacted)

Transcripts

Briefs

Department of Justice

27.	 Exhibits—Photographs and FBI reports identifying people in the

photographs

28.	 Miscellaneous Cases Arising from the Desegregation of the

University of Mississippi—Civil Rights Division Files

29.	 Files from the Other Divisions on Cases Arising from the

University of Mississippi Civil Division:

Personal Work Files of the Assistant Attorney General

Chapman v. McShane, et al.

Mississippi v. Lynch

Norton v. McShane, et al.

30.	 Faneca v. McShane, et al.

Pleading

Briefs

Transcripts

Correspondence

31.	 Miscellaneous Papers

Department of Justice File

Brunt v. United States

32.	 Tax Division

311
 
             

   

   

33. Office of the Solicitor General (Released in full)

Lands Division
 

Bureau of Prisons
 

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Services

34.	 Office of the United States Marshal

Material Relating to Possession and Use of Guns

“Ole Miss” Guard Detail

Pictures at “Ole Miss”

Note Book of Duty Shifts

35.	 Assorted Notes—Persons Arrested at the University

Personnel and Prisoners

Field Folder—Equipment

36.	 Enforcement of Court Desegregation Order, Alabama Secondary

Schools; University of Alabama

69.	 Enforcement of Court Desegregation Order, Louisiana Trade Schools

Angel, et al. v. Louisiana State Board of Education, et al. and

United States v. Smelser:

Trial Files:
 

Pleadings
 

Correspondence
 

Affidavits
 

Briefs
 

Newspaper Clippings
 

Jury
 

Materials on Sowela Trade School
 

Investigation
 

70.	 Investigation

Department of Justice Files

Allen, et al. v. Louisiana State Board of Education

71.	 Enforcement of Court Desegregation Orders, New Orleans

Bush v. Orleans Parish School Board; United States v. Louisiana;

and Williams v. Davis

Appeals Section Files: (Released in full)

Pleadings, Briefs, Memoranda and Orders in the District Court

312
 
   

   

     

       

72. Motions and Orders in the United States Supreme Court

Plans for Police Coverage Around Integrated Schools

Department of Justice Files (144­100­32­1):

Section 1–5

73. Section 7–14

74. Exhibits, Petition 5468

83. Washington Office of the United States Marshals

AB.2  Public Accommodations and Demonstrations

106. Danville, Virginia

107. Sit­in Cases

109.	 Jackson, Mississippi

Editorial Unit News Clippings

F.B.I. Reports

110.	 Notes by Department of Justice and John Doar

Records Relating to Officials of the City of Jackson

[Mississippi]

Investigations of Charges of Police Brutality and of

Mistreatment of Female Prisoners

111. Albany, Georgia

112. Freedom March on Washington

120. Birmingham, Alabama; Greenwood, Mississippi

121. Americus, Georgia.

122.	 Baton Rouge, Louisiana; New Orleans, Plaquemine, Plaquemine

Parish, Shreveport

313
 
   

AB.3  Freedom Rides

84.	 United States v. Klans, et al.

Pleadings

Briefs

Excerpts from Transcript of Proceedings

Opinion

Witness Folders (Released in full)

85.	 Affidavits and Depositions

Exhibits Introduced into Evidence

Photographs (10 pp., redacted)

86.	 Investigations (In Process)

87.	 Miscellaneous Memoranda, Letters and Reports (17 pp., redacted)

88.	 United States v. Chappell (Anniston Bus Burning)

89.	 Bailey v. Patterson

90.	 Miscellaneous Freedom Ride Incidents

91.	 Tax Division Files on Cases Arising from Freedom Rides

AB.4  Voting

38.	 General Policies and Procedures (Released in full)

39.	 United States v. Louisiana:

Pleadings (Released in full)

Transcripts of Proceedings, March 4, 1963

Exhibits Introduced in Evidence

40.	 Depositions

Investigation (Released in full)

Correspondence

Working Papers

41.	 United States v. Penton

Pleadings

314
 
   

43

42. Briefs

Brief in Support of the Plaintiff’s Application for a Permanent

Injunction

Memorandum in Support of the Plaintiff’s Motion for an Order

Requiring Defendants to Register Specific Rejected

Applicants and for an Order Appointing Voting Referees For

Montgomery County, Alabama

Miscellaneous Briefs
 

Transcripts
 

Depositions
 

Government’s Bill of Costs
 

Correspondence
 

Trial File Investigation (Released in full)
 

44.	 Department of Justice Files

Pleadings

Answers to Interrogatories (36 pp., redacted)

45.	 United States v. Mississippi (Released in full)

46.	 Briefs

Transcripts

Deposition of Barnes

General Investigation

Trial File Investigation 

47.	 Department of Justice Files (Released in full)

Correspondence (Released in full)

Working Papers

48.	 East Carroll Parish Referee and Elections:

United States v. Deal, et al. (1971(b) ) (Atlas Case ):

Pleadings Atlas’ Papers, Recording and Photographs

Original Notes on Atlas and Original Affidavit

Briefs

Affidavits

Exhibits

Investigation

Correspondence

315
 
49. Working Papers

Department of Justice Files

United States v. Manning (1971 (a)):

Pleadings

Pretrial Briefs

Briefs

Exhibits Introduced at the Trial

Transcripts

50.	 Witness Folders and Transcripts of Proceedings Relating

to Petitions Under 1971 (e)

Investigation

Correspondence

51.	 Department of Justice Files

Preliminary Record on Appeal

Post Decree Investigation 

Register’s Post Decree Reports

United States v. Voelker

In Re Manning (Contempt)

United States v. Board of Registration

52.	 United States v. Lynd

District Court

Pleadings

Transcripts of Record

Briefs

53.	 Investigation

Department of Justice File 72­41­18:
 

Sections 1–5
 

54.	 Sections 6–12

Court of Appeals

Pleadings

Briefs

55.	 Exhibits

Briefs—Petition for Certiorari and Opposition

Contempt

Enforcement

316
 
     

   

56. United States v. Wood

57.	 United States v. Dallas County

58.	 United States v. McLeod

59.	 Records of the Civil Division Relating to Voting Cases

60.	 Leflore County Cases

United States v. City of Greenwood
 

Pleadings
 

Briefs
 

Investigation Files
 

Marching Incidents
 

Shootings
 

61.	 Convictions

Fire Truck

Marchers

Arrests of Student Non­Violent Coordinating Committee

General File

Photographs

62.	 United States v. Leflore County

District Court

Pleadings

Transcripts of Record, Oral Argument and Opinion

63.	 Investigation File

Correspondence

Briefs

64.	 United States v. Bibb County Democratic Executive Committee

65.	 United States v. Seay (Telfair County)

Department of Justice File 72­20­58

66.	 Enclosure File to 72­20­58

67.	 Haywood­Fayette Food Program

68.	 United States v. Mathews (Terrell County)

Pleadings

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Investigation

F.B.I. Reports
 

Witness Folders
 

68A.	 Defendants Folders

Correspondence

Draft of pleadings

Exhibits

Pretrial Conference Folder

AB.5  Schools

105.	 Prince Edward County School Case

Allen v. Prince Edward County School Board

108.	 Prince Edward Free School Association

114.	 Impact Area Program

Impact Area Program

United States v. Bossier Parish School Board, et al. (Louisiana)

United States v. Board of School Commissioners of Mobile County,

et al. (Alabama)

115.	 United States v. Madison County Board of Education, et al.

(Alabama)

United States v. Biloxi Municipal Separate School District, et al.

(Mississippi)

116.	 United States v. Gulfport Municipal Separate School District

(Mississippi)

United States v. County School Board of Prince George County

(Virginia)
 

Negotiation—Northern District of Texas
 

124.	 Desegregation 1962

125.	 Desegregation 1963

Alabama

127. South Carolina

Louisiana

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Georgia

Miscellaneous Memoranda

AB.6  Transportation

83.	 Interstate Commerce Commission Order on Bus Desegregation

Records Relating to Bus Desegregation Generally

Department of Justice File 144­101­012­1

Trial File (Discrimination in Operation of Motor Carriers of

Passengers)

Brief Before the Interstate Commerce Commission

85.	 Department of Justice Files and Trial Files on the Integration of

Bus Terminals Pursuant to Litigation:

United States v. City of Jacksonville

United States v. City of Birmingham

United States v. City of McComb, Mississippi

United States v. City of Winona, Mississippi

United States v. Shreveport

86.	 United States v. Lassiter, et al. (Monroe, Alexandria, and

Ruston, Louisiana)

87.	 United States v. Frazier (Greenwood, Mississippi)

Trial File on Bus Terminal Desegregation Generally

88.	 Railroad Desegregation

89.	 Airport Desegregation:

Department of Justice Files and Trial Files on Integration of

Airport Facilities by Litigation

United States v. City of Shreveport

United States v. City of Montgomery

United States v. Birmingham Airport

90.	 United States v. City of New Orleans

Department of Justice Files on Desegregation of Airports by

Negotiation

Department of Justice File on Airport Integrated by Private Suit

(Henry v. Greenville)

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AB.7  Employment

91.	 Records Relating to Executive Orders

Records Relating to Government Employment

Records Relating to the National Labor Relations Board

(Hughes Tool Company and Related Matters)

92.	 Records Relating to Efforts at Voluntary Desegregation:

Correspondence with Businessmen

Miscellaneous Correspondence 

93.	 Working Files:

Business Council

Businessmen

Clergy

Clippings

“Tadlock Clearing House”

Educators

Equal Opportunities

General

Hotels, Drugstores, Theaters and Cafeterias 

94.	 Labor Leaders

Report to the Attorney General

Attorney General’s Testimony on the Civil Rights Bill

List of Meetings Between the President and the Attorney General

Variety Store Executives

President’s Meeting with Women

95.	 Businessmen’s Committee

Lawyers’ Committee

Miscellaneous

Women’s Committee

Ministers’ Committee

96.	 Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights:

Correspondence

97.	 Correspondence—Tweed, Segal and Shestack, Memoranda, Press

Releases and Conference Notes

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98. Records Relating to the Executive Order on Housing

99. Records Relating to Reapportionment

100. Records Relating to Hospital Desegregation

101. Department of Justice Files Relating to Administration of Justice

and Police Brutality:

United States v. Smith

United States v. John and George Sartin

United States v. Jones and King

United States v. McKinney

United States v. McCook and Collins

United States v. Delmar Eugene Stone, et al. (Joseph Ndubizu 

Okeke—Victim)

United States v. Savage and Kennedy

United States v. Edward L. Rast, et al. (Charles Edward 

Spencer—Victim)

United States v. Shackney

102. United States v. Tompson and Roth

United States v. Flanagan and Williams

United States v. Shackney

103. Department of Justice Files Relating to Bombings and 

Church Burnings:

Bombing of Gaston Motel, Birmingham, Alabama

104. Bombing of Arthur Shore’s Home, Birmingham, Alabama

Burning of Mount Mary Baptist Church and Mount Olive 

Baptist Church near Sasser, Terrell County, Georgia

Bombing of Donald C. Shoemaker Residence, Miami, Florida

Molotov Cocktails Thrown into Home of Aaron Henry,

Clarksdale, Mississippi

113. Records Relating to the Surplus Food Program in Leflore County,

Mississippi

117. Materials from the Office of Public Information Relating to Civil

Rights Matters:

Note Books on Mississippi,August 31, 1962 through January 31, 1963

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118. Memorandum for the Attorney General Regarding Federal

Authority to Cope with an Armed Clash Between Local

Police Forces and Negro Demonstrators

Press Releases

Speech

Civil Rights Legislation

Year End Reports

Freedom Riders

University of Alabama Materials

University of Mississippi Materials

119. Folder on Birmingham, Alabama

PRESIDENTIAL PAPERS OF JOHN F. KENNEDY

AB.8 Speech Files

45  6/11/63, Radio and television address on civil rights

48C 7/12/61, 1/17/63, Civil rights

AB.9 Legislative Files

49 3/18/61–3/30­61, Civil rights; congressional appointments 

50 11/61–3/31/62, Civil rights

52 1/63, 2/28/63, Civil rights

53 6/63, 6/13/63, 7/63, Civil rights

AB.10 Departments and Agencies

93 7/19/63, Civil rights

96 5/61–10/63, Civil rights

97 2/61–12/62, Civil rights, Alabama

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APPENDIX C: U.S. Government

Publications Relating to Civil Rights

AC.1 The Superintendent of Documents (SuDoc) classification system was

developed in the Library of the Government Printing Office between 1895

and 1903. The system expanded as the Federal Government grew. Though

still retaining the principles upon which it is based, it has changed in some

details and methods of use. The SuDoc classification system is designed to

group  together  publications  by  the  same  Government  author. Within  an

agency or department, publications are grouped according to the subordinate organization. The purpose of this system is to uniquely identify, logically relate, and physically arrange each publication so that all publications

of a single agency or department can be found together.

AC.2 Each  executive  department  or  agency, the  judiciary, Congress, and

other major independent establishments are assigned a unique alphabetical

identifier, based on the name of the organization—e.g., “A” for Department

of Agriculture; “L” for the Department of Labor. The letters “X” and “Y” are

reserved for Congress, and the designation “Z” is not assigned.

AC.3 To  distinguish  the  subordinate  bureaus  and  offices, numbers  are

added to the alphabetical identifiers, with “1” designating the parent organization and the secretary or administrator’s office. Beginning with “2”, the

numbers are applied in numerical order to subordinate bureaus and offices.

These numbers were assigned to bureaus and offices arranged alphabetically  when  the  system  was  established, and  newer  subordinate  bureaus  and

offices have been given the next higher number. A period follows the combination of letters and numbers representing the bureau or office.

For example:

Agriculture Department (including Secretary’s Office) A1.

Forest Service A13.

Information Office A21.

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AC.4 The SuDoc classification system also identifies the various series of

publications issued by a particular bureau or office. A number is assigned

to each series, and this number is followed by a colon. Initially, the following numbers were assigned for the types of publications common to most

Government offices:

1:	 Annual Reports

2:	 General  Publications  (unnumbered  publications  of a  miscellaneous

nature)

3:	 Bulletins

4:	 Circulars

AC.5 In establishing classes for new bureaus and agencies, these numbers

were reserved for those types of publications. Later new types common to

most offices evolved, and the following additional numbers were set aside

in the classes of new agencies for particular types of series. The following

lists 4 of 14 classes:

5:	 Laws (administered by the agency and published by it)

6:	 Regulations, rules, and instructions

7:	 Releases

8:	 Handbooks, manuals, and guides

AC.6 For further information on the Superintendent of Documents

Classification System, please refer to the Depository Administration Branch

Division of the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. The following select list of publications related to civil rights and equal opportunity is not a comprehensive listing.

AC.7 Record Group 16 Department of Agriculture

Foreign Agricultural Service

Economic and Statistic Service

EEO Fact Sheet from Office of the Administrator, A 67.41:date

EEO Newsletter, A 105.51:v.nos.&nos

AC.8 Record Group 146 Civil Service Commission

EEO Spotlight, v 1–{bimonthly}, Office of Assistant Executive Director, CS

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1.76:v.nos.&nos

EEO for State and Local Governments (series) 1–, CS 1.76/2:nos.

AC.9 Record Group 220 Records of Temporary Committees, Commissions,

and Boards

To Secure These Rights: The Report of the President’s Committee on Civil
 

Rights, Pr 33.2:R449
 

President’s Equal Employment Opportunity Committee, 1961–65, Pr
 

35.8Em7/(ct.)
 

President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity in the Armed Forces, 1963,
 

Pr 35.8:Ar5/(ct.)
 

President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity, 1965, Pr 36.8:Eq2/(ct.)
 

AC.10 Record Group 330 Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense

Freedom to Serve: Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed

Services, D:1.2:F87

AC.11 Record Group 453 Commission on Civil Rights

Annual Reports, 1959–  , CR 1.1

Federal Civil Rights Enforcement Effort, CR 1.2:En2/2/date

Hearings and Conferences Before Commission on Civil Rights, CR 1.18:CT

Civil Rights Directory, 1970, CR 1.10:15

Civil Rights Digest, 1968–79, CR 1.12v.1–11, no. 3

Perspectives, 1980 –83, CR 1.12:v12, no. 1–v.15, no.3

New Perspectives, 1983–84, CR 1.12:v.16, no. 1–v.18, no2

School Desegregation {in Various Locations}, 1970 –79, CR 1.14:CT

Civil Rights Updates (monthly), CR 1.15:date

AC.12 Record Group 403 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

EEOC Reports, 1967–  , Y 3.Eq 2:7­2

Research Reports, 1967–  , Y 3.Eq 2:11

Equal Employment Opportunity Reports, 1968 (annual), Y 3.Eq 2:12/nos.

Job Patterns for Minorities and Women in Apprenticeship Programs and

Referral Unions (annual), Y 3.Eq 2:12­2/date

Minorities  and  Women  in  Public  Elementary  and  Secondary  Schools

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(annual), Y 3.Eq 2:12­3/date

Minorities and Women in State and Local Government, Y 3.Eq 2:12­4/date

Annual Report of the Employment of Minorities, Women and

Handicapped  Individuals  in  the  Federal  Government  (annual), Y  3.Eq

2:12­5/date

Job  Patterns  for  Minorities  and  Women  in  Private  Industry, Y  3.Eq  2­

12/7/date

White  House  Conference  on  Equal  Employment  Opportunity, 1965, Y

3.W58/13:

AC.13 Record Group 478 Office of Personnel Management

EEO Information on Equal Opportunity for State and Local Governments,
 

PM 1.18/2:nos.
 

Spotlight on Affirmative Employment Programs, v. 1–  , 1982 (monthly),
 

PM 1.18/3
 

Spotlight, v/ 1–13 (women), PM 1.18:v/nos.&nos.
 

Women  in  Action, An  Informational  Summary  for  the  Federal  Women’s
 

Program, v. 1–11, 1971–81 (monthly), PM 1.20:v.nos.&nos.
 

AC.14 For a more detailed listing of Government publications, go
 

to: http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/locators/net/index.html and
 

http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/ and click on the link USCCR
 

Publications. It will take you to the Historical Publications of the United
 

States Commission on Civil Rights.
 

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APPENDIX D: Relevant Records in the

Center for Electronic Records (NWME)

AD.1 The Center for Electronic Records of the National Archives also has

records pertaining to civil rights in its custody. All records described below

are computerized data files. The following paragraphs describe a selection

of electronic records with specific information regarding commonly violated civil rights.

A listing of electronic records files, listed at the data file level, is available in

the Center’s Title List: A Preliminary and Partial Listing of the Data Files in

the National Archives and Records Administration.

AD.2 Record Group 12 Records of the Office of Education

Equality  of Education  Opportunity  (Coleman)  Study, 1966  (EEOS) (7

data files, 237 pp. of documentation)

In response to Section 402 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Coleman Study

was conducted to examine and document the “lack of availability of equal

education opportunities for individuals by reason of race, color, religion, or

national origin in public educational institutions.” This study was undertaken by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) for the Office of Education, U.S.

Department of Health, Education and Welfare, utilizing existing published

tests and questionnaires prepared by the National Center for Educational

Statistics. The microdata files within this series contain both test scores and

questionnaire responses from 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th grade students and

teachers, as well as questionnaire responses from principals. The sample was

collected from public schools in the states and the District of Columbia

involving 568,743 students, 66,826 teachers, and 4,081 principals. Records

include the U.S. Office of Education school code. While the test scores were

used to determine aptitude and achievement, the questionnaires addressed

characteristics of schools, teachers and students, educational resources, physical facilities, socioeconomic backgrounds, and racial composition, as well as

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attitudes toward race, integration, busing, and achievement. Furthermore,

conclusions drawn from the Coleman Study shifted the focus of future policy and research toward emphasizing student achievement as opposed to

school facilities as a measure of the quality of public schools.

AD.3 Record Group 47 Records of the Social Security Administration

Demographic and Economic Characteristics of the Aged; A 1968 Social

Security Survey (1 data file, 127 pp. of documentation)

The major objective of the Demographic and Economic Characteristics of

the Aged (DECA) was to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the oldage, survivors, disability, and  health  insurance  (OASDHI)  program  in

meeting the financial needs of the population aged 65 and over. The survey

was based on supplemental questions asked in the Current Medical Survey

(CMS), which had been established by the Social Security Administration

in 1965 to provide current estimates of the hospital and medical services

used and charges incurred in the new program of health insurance for the

aged (Medicare). The primary subjects covered by DECA and CMS were

income, sources of income, work experience, extent of employment, living

arrangements, home ownership, and liquid assets.

AD.4 Record Group 330 Records of the Secretary of Defense

Survey Responses of Enlisted Men About Race Relations in the U.S.Army,

Mar 1943–Oct 1944 (Race Relations) (5 data files, 118 pp. of documentation)

A segment of the larger “The American Soldier in World War II” surveys,

this series consists of microdata  files containing survey responses of both

white and black Army soldiers in World War II. Conducted by the Research

Branch of the War Department’s Information and Education Division, it

comprises five files. The survey of attitudes of black troops covered such

issues as adjustment to Army life, equality, segregation, and relations with

officers. The sample was restricted to troops stationed in the United States

and had 7,442 respondents. The survey of whites regarding their attitudes

toward blacks was also restricted to U.S. troops and had 4,793 respondents.

It featured questions regarding views toward integration, postwar race relations, and similar issues. The final survey was narrower in scope, focusing

on blacks in quartermaster companies in Hawaii and had 981 respondents.

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Among the areas addressed were attitudes toward the leadership, relations

with  local  civilians, and  relations  with  the  military  police. Included  are

three data files and two documentation files.

AD.5 Record Group 403 Records of the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission

1. Equal Employment Opportunity Surveys (EEO): EEO­1, 2, 2E, 3, 4, 5:

General Documentation (15 pp. of documentation)

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), created as part

of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, has transferred to NARA six series with

records documenting enforcement of Title VII of the act, which prohibits

employment discrimination by private employers, employment agencies, or

labor unions. Under Section 709 [c] of Title VII, EEOC requires private

employers, joint labor­management apprenticeship committees, employers

with five or more apprentices in an employer­operated apprenticeship program, and labor union locals to report employment/membership profiles.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 amended Title VII to prohibit public educational systems and institutions and local and state governments from practicing employment discrimination. Information from individual reports has been exempted from public release in accordance with

exemption 3 of the Freedom of Information Act. Currently Title 44 U.S.C.

2108 limits access to restricted records for 30 years after the date of data collection, which in the case of these EEO files is from December 13, 1977.

2. EEO­1  Employer  Information  Report  File  (EEO­1), 1966–74 (9  data

files, 28 pp. of documentation)

The Employer Information Reports (EEO­1) contain the workforce profile

for  private  employers  reported  annually  from  1966  through  1974. The

records  are  stored  in  annual  data  files, nine  in  all. There  are  1,360,763

records, each  record  describing  information  such  as  total  number  of

trainees  or  employees  by  sex  and  minority  group  category, among  other

characteristics. EEO­1 data for 1975, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988,

1990, 1992, and 1994 were received from the EEOC in FY1997. They are

currently not processed into the Center’s holdings.

3. EEO­2 Apprenticeship Information Report, Joint Labor­Management

Apprenticeships (EEO­2), 1967–72 (7 data files, 92 pp. of documentation)

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The Apprenticeship  Information  Report  (EEO­2)  contains  the  reports  of

joint labor­management apprenticeship committees on minority employment from 1967 through to 1972. There are seven files with 32,832 records

in  total. Each  record  includes  such  information  as  the  total  number  of

apprentices in each trade or craft by sex and minority group as related to

numbers in the program, withdrawn, or graduated.

4. EEO­2E Apprenticeship Information Report, Private Employer

Apprenticeships(EEO­2E), 1969–72 (5 data files, 19 pp. of documentation)

The Apprenticeship Information Reports (EEO­2E) contain the membership  profiles  of local  union  apprenticeship  programs  reported  annually

from 1969 through 1972.

5. EEO­3 Local Union Report File (EEO­3), 1967–70, 1972 (6 data files, 68

pp. of documentation)

The  Local  Union  Reports  (EEO­3)  contain  data  on  the  membership  of

individual  labor  union  locals  reported  annually  from  1967  to  1970  and

1972. It describes information such as actions taken by the union to promote equal opportunity.

6. EEO­4  State  and  Local  Government  Information  Surveys  (EEO­4),

1973–74 (4 data files, 17 pp. of documentation)

The State and Local Government Information Surveys (EEO­4) contain the

government’s reports of employment patterns reported annually from 1973

and 1974. There are 73,074 records, each providing information on newly

hired  employees  by  annual  salary  range  in  each  job, sex, and  minority

group category.

7. EEO­5  Elementary­Secondary  Staff Information  Surveys  (EEO­5),

1973–74 (8 data files, 29 pp. of documentation)

The Elementary­Secondary Education Staff Information Surveys (EEO­5)

contain  employment  profiles  for  public  education  systems  (school  districts) and individual schools reported annually from 1973 and 1974. There

are  14,221  district  records  and  137,961  school  records, both  providing

information such as the number of full time, part time, and newly hired

personnel by job classification, sex, and minority group category.

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AD.6 Record Group 441 Records of the Department of Education

Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Surveys, 1968, 1970, 1972,

and 1976 (4 data files, 85 pp. of documentation)

The  Department  of Health, Education  and  Welfare  (HEW)  created  the

Office  of Civil  Rights  (OCR)  in  1967  to  investigate  alleged  violations  of

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. OCR began the annual surveys of

elementary and secondary schools’ compliance with Title VI in 1968. OCR

uses the surveys to identify discrimination, to monitor the desegregation

process and specific complaints, to target and screen districts for in­depth

review, and  to  better  budget  its  resources  to  maximize  its  planning  and

impact. The Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Surveys were

conducted among selected samples of the more than 16,000 school districts

in the nation. The 1968, 1970, and 1972 surveys covered all districts with

enrollments over 3,000; 75 percent of all districts with enrollments of 1,200

to 2,999; 50 percent of all districts with enrollments of 600 to 1,199; 25 percent of all districts with enrollments of 300 to 599; and all districts eliminating segregation under a court order or an HEW­approved plan, in litigation over compliance, or receiving Emergency School Assistance (ESA).

The  1976  survey  includes  data  from  the  universe  of school  districts.

Respondent level data contains information such as state, county, city, district, chief administrative officer, number of students by racial and ethnic

group, residence, attendance, racial  makeup  of teachers  and  staff, school

name, curriculum, grade levels and special programs.

AD.7 Record Group 453 Records of the United States Commission on Civil

Rights

1. Census of Population and Housing, 1970, Public Use Sample, County

Group  15%  1/100: Puerto  Rican  and  Southwestern  Spanish  Surname

Extracts (4 data files, 256 pp. documentation)

These files are extracts of the 15 percent sample questionnaire respondents.

Geographic  identifiers  include  the  SMSA  or  County  Group. The  Puerto

Rican Extract files contain responses from all households/persons that were

included  in  the  1/100  Public  Use  Sample  whose  head  is  of Puerto  Rican

birth or parentage. The Southwestern Spanish Surname Extract files contain responses from all households/persons that were included in the 1/100

Public Use Sample whose head had both a Spanish surname and lived in

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Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, or Texas. The household files

include data on characteristics such as the year the dwelling was built, persons per room, size of household family, value of property, gross monthly

rent, presence of hot and cold piped water, availability of automobiles, and

telephones. Person  data  available  include  relationship  in  household, age,

sex,race, education data, children ever born, occupation, industry, earnings

and income components, nativity and parentage, mother tongue, residence

information five years ago, veterans’ information, place of work, and means

of transportation to work.

There  are  two  data  files  each  associated  with  the  Puerto  Rican  and

Southwestern  Spanish  Surname  Extracts: a  Household  File  and  a  Person

File.

2. School Superintendents Survey, 1976 (1 data file, 35 pp. of documentation). (Documentation is also available as 1 fiche page)

This survey, conducted in July 1976, was used by the Commission to assess

school desegregation in the United States. The Commission used the survey

and demographic data to draw its conclusions as summarized in Reviewing

a Decade of School Desegregation 1966–75: Report of a National Survey of

School Superintendents (January 1977). Using a representative sample of

1,292  school  districts, the  29­question  survey  consists  of response  data

from 996 superintendents. This data was then merged with demographic

data collected by the Office of Civil Rights of the Department of Health,

Education and Welfare in 1968, 1970, and 1972. The 109 variables contain

information  such  as: the  superintendent’s  assessment  of the  educational

quality, interracial  pupil  interaction, student  achievement, school  discipline, school attendance, and extracurricular activity participation before

and after desegregation; local business, political, religious, and community

leaders’, school officials’, and pupils’ attitudes toward desegregation before

and after disruptions were experienced; principal pressure for desegregation; means of desegregation; extent of desegregation; the Coleman index

of segregation; and varied demographic data. It should be noted that no

data was collected from either the District of Columbia or Hawaii.

3. Social Indicators of Equality for Minorities and Women, 1978 (4 data

files, 282 pp. of documentation)

The universe consists of samples of 56,265 individuals from the Public Use

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Sample of the 1960 Census of Population and Housing; 153,715 individuals  from  the  State  5  Percent  Public  Use  Sample  of the  1970  Census  of

Population  and  Housing  (77,702  individuals  from  the  State  15  percent

Public Use Sample of the 1970 Census; and 110,545 individuals from the

Public Use Sample of the 1976 Survey of Income and Education. Minorities

are sampled at a higher rate than majority males. The full sampling design

is  contained  in  the  reference  materials  for  the  files. Data  on  individuals

include all information from the individual public use samples including

data about the individual and family, residence and its condition and cost,

sources of income and expenses, educational history, occupational history,

and geographic mobility.

AD.8 Record Group 479 Records of the Merit System Protection Board

1. Survey About Sexual Harassment in the Federal Workplace, 1978–1980

(1 data set with 20,083 records, 276 pp. of documentation); 1987 (1 data set

with 8,523 records, 31 pp. of documentation); 1994 (1 data set with 24,243

records, 25 pp. of documentation)

Due to the growing discussion about the existence of sexual harassment at

the  workplace, the  Subcommittee  on  Investigations  of the  U.S. House  of

Representatives Committee on Post Office and Civil Service conducted a

1979 preliminary investigation of sexual harassment in the Federal

Government. The  findings  from  the  preliminary  investigation  were  substantial enough to cause the Subcommittee to request that the Merit System

Protection  Board  conduct  a  thorough  and  authoritative  study  of sexual

harassment in the Federal workplace. The Office of Merit Systems Review

and Studies within MSPB has the responsibility for conducting these studies. The data sets contain the responses to a mail survey on sexual harassment  from  a  disproportionately  stratified  sample. Each  record  contains

demographic information on the respondent, attitudinal and demographic information about the respondent’s work setting, attitudes regarding sexual behavior that can happen at work, how the respondent defined sexual

harassment, opinions on remedies that could reduce sexual harassment, general data on a specific incident of sexual harassment, and information about

whether the respondent has been accused of sexually harassing others.

2. Survey on Career Advancement and Workforce Diversity in the Federal

Workplace, 1993 (102 pp. of documentation)

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This  file  contains  microdata  collected  from  13,328  respondents  to  an

MSPB­conducted survey on factors affecting the employment and career

advancement of minorities in the Federal workplace. Data were collected

from a stratified random sample representative of the Federal workforce.

Data  elements  cover  career  advancement, career  experiences, work  life

issues, affirmative  action, perceived  discriminatory  practices, and  general

information. Documentation includes a copy of the final report, “Fair and

Equitable Treatment: A Progress Report on Minority Employment in the

Federal Government.”

AD.9 Contact information: For more information, please contact Reference

Services, Center for Electronic Records (NWME), The National Archives at

College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road,College Park, MD 20740­6001. The Center’s

telephone number is 301­837­0470. Our e­mail address is cer@nara.gov.

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INDEX
 

4­H Clubs, II.229

13th Amendment rights, IV.94, IV.95

14th Amendment rights, IV.7, IV.18,

IV.20, IV.21, IV.23, IV.84, IV.89,

IV.94, IV.95, IV.99, IV.115, IV.118,

IV.119, IV.120, IV.123, IV.124

15th Amendment rights, IV.21, IV.99

Abernathy, Ralph D., II.125, II.146.4,

IV.2

Abortion services, access to, II.200

ACT, IV.35

Adams Mark Hotel, St. Louis, MO,

II.182

Adult education, II.3

Advisory Committee on Equal

Opportunity, II.150

Aetna Life and Casualty Company, II.34

Affirmative action programs

in California universities, II.206

at the Department of Housing and

Urban Development, II.145.26

directives for, II.176

and the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission, II.184

Federal contractors, II.138, II.139

and higher education, II.40.7, II.206

at private companies, II.174

Africa, IV.111, V.9.7, V.12, V.71

Afro­American Congress of Christian

Organizations, III.5, III.13.6

Afro­American Life and History

Association, V.111

Afro­American Patrolmen’s League, IV.41

Age discrimination, II.205

Age Discrimination Act, II.134

Agency for International Development,

V.39

Agriculture, African American

participation in, II.35

Agriculture, Department of, II.166

civil rights programs, II.40.10

equal access to farming programs,

II.209, II.227, II.229

publications, AC.7

Agriculture, Records of the Office of

the Secretary of (RG 16), AC.7

Airline stewards, II.176

Airlines, IV.109

Airports, desegregation of, AB.6.89–90

Alabama, II.32, II.56.1, II.56.2, II.200,

II.209, II.228, V.44, AB.10.97

and desegregation of public

education, II.60.1, II.162.2,

II.162.3, II.219, II.220, AB.1.36,

AB.5.114, AB.5.115, AB.5.125

and employment discrimination,

II.61.1, II.61.2

Freedom Riders in, II.62

and integration of public facilities

and accommodations, II.59.1,

II.59.2

U.S. Marshals Service District Office,

IV.67

and voting rights, II.57.1, II.57.2,

II.67, II.204, II.219, IV.14, AB.4.43

335
 
       

   

   

     

   

             

   

           

   

     

       

       

         

     

       

   

     

     

       

       

   

     

       

     

   

     

     

   

   

     

   

     

   

   

   

   

     

     

     

     

         

     

         

     

     

     

     

   

     

         

   

   

   

   

       

     

       

     

Alabama, University of, II.56.1, AB.1.9,

AB.1.36, AB.7.118

Alabama A&M, II.10

Alabama Employment Service, II.61.2

Alabama Polytechnic Institute, II.10

Alaska, IV.135

Albany, GA, AB.2.111

Albert A. Raby, et al. and all others

similarly situated v. City of Chicago,

et al., IV.37

Albert Raby, et al. v. Richard J. Daley, et

al., IV.36

Albuquerque, NM, IV.102

Alcatraz Island, CA, IV.133

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Bureau

of, II.47

All Star Lanes, Inc., II.58.3

Allen, et al. v. Louisiana State Board of

Education, AB.1.70

Allen, Eva, IV.121, AB.5.105

Allen, James E., Jr., IV.112

Allen, Roberta, II.92.2

Allied Chemical Company, II.34

Almond, J. Lindsay, II.56.3

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, II.122

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, II.178.3,

II.178.5

Alston, Melvin, IV.120

Alston, Walter B., IV.120

Amalgamated Gun Club of Florida,

Inc., II.99.7

Ambassadors, African American, V.4.3,

V.15

American Airlines, II.34

American Armament, Inc., II.34

American Bar Association, II.178.2,

II.178.3, II.178.5, AB.1.5

American Battle Monuments

Commission, II.118.3

“American City: Realities and

Possibilities, The,”V.89

American Civil Liberties Union,

II.178.2, II.217, IV.104

American Federation of

Labor–Congress of Industrial

Organizations (AFL­CIO), II.40.5

American Friends Service Committee,

II.220

American Indian Movement, II.92.5

American Jewish Council, IV.104

American Nazi Party, II.98

American Printing House for the Blind,

II.155, II.194

American Society for Personnel

Administration, II.178.3

American Soldier in World War II

surveys, AD.4

American Telephone and Telegraph

Company, II.173–175

Americus, GA, II.220, AB.2.121

Amherst County, VA, IV.127

Amidon, Robert H., II.230

Anderson, Dillon, V.12

Anderson County, TN, V.13

Angel, et al. v. Louisiana State Board of

Education, et al., AB.1.69

Anheuser­Busch, II.34

Anice Hawkins v. Atlantic Coast Line

Railroad Co., IV.108

Ann Elizabeth Nelson v. Board of

Education, Cleveland, Ohio, IV.46

Anne Arundel County, MD, IV.116

Anniston, AL, II.220, AB.3.88

Annual Institute of Race Relations,

21st, Fisk University, II.229

336
 
       

   

     

     

     

       

       

     

   

   

     

     

       

   

     

   

       

       

         

       

       

         

     

   

     

       

           

   

   

     

       

   

     

         

   

           

       

       

   

           

   

     

     

     

   

     

     

       

       

   

   

     

       

     

     

   

     

   

Annual Report of the Employment of

Minorities, Women and

Handicapped Individuals in the

Federal Government, AC.12

Antibusing legislation, II.200, IV.17

Anti­Drug Enforcement Committee,

II.47

Anti­poverty programs, II.163, II.164,

II.165, II.167, II.169, II.192, IV.135

Anti­riot laws, II.77, II.106, II.108

Anti­Vietnam War groups, FBI

surveillance of, II.108

Apprenticeship programs,

discrimination against minorities,

IV.5, AD.5.1, AD.5.3, AD.5.4

Area Redevelopment Act of 1961,

II.207, II.224

Arizona, II.186, II.200, IV.135, AD.7.1

Arkansas, II.60.2, IV.68

Department of Corrections, II.84.5

school desegregation, II.62, IV.68,

IV.80, IV.84, IV.85, IV.86, IV.87

State anti­civil rights legislation, II.65

use of Federal troops in, II.162.2

Armed Forces

desegregation of the, V.6.11, V.6.13,

V.7.2, V.8.10, V.8.14, V.8.15, V.11,

V.17, AA.7

equal opportunity and rights in the,

II.145.10

racial discrimination in the, IV.25

Armour, Emma, IV.10

Armstrong, Anne, V.90, V.101

Armstrong, et al. v. Board of Education,

IV.47

Army Staff, Records of the (RG 319),

II.161–162

Aronson, Arnold, II.156.1

Asheville, NC, II.64

Asian minority groups, II.200

“Aspects of Federal Civil Rights

Enforcement: the Justice

Department and the FBI,

1939–1964,” II.67

Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway,

IV.24

Atkins, Jerome, IV.119

Atlanta, GA, IV.6, IV.8, IV.10, IV.11,V.112

Atlanta Life Insurance Company, II.35

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co.,

IV.107, IV.108

Atlas Case, AB.4.48

Aurelia S. Browder, et al. v. W. A. Gayle,

et al., IV.13

Austin, TX, V.62

Avon Park (FL) Correctional

Institution, II.103.7

Ayers, Eben A., V.6.1

Baggett, Lawrence W., IV.3

Bailey v. Patterson, AB.3.89

Baker, Charles W., IV.20

Bakke case, II.5, II.226

Balaban v. Rubin (New York Board of

Education), II.219

Baltimore, MD, II.64, II.125, II.202,

II.228, IV.117

Baltimore Equal Opportunity

Commission, II.202

Bandung Conference, V.11

Bank deposits in minority­owned

banks, II.33, II.35, II.48, II.226

Bank of America, II.34

Banneker School Project, II.215

Barbour, Billy, II.92.6

Barbour County, AL, II.219

Barnett, Lillie, IV.110

337
 
       

     

     

     

   

   

   

       

     

     

     

   

         

     

       

     

     

     

   

     

         

       

       

     

       

     

     

     

       

   

     

   

   

     

     

     

       

   

   

   

   

       

     

       

   

         

     

         

             

   

       

     

       

     

     

   

           

   

     

         

Barnett, Ross Robert, II.162.1, II.236,

IV.15, IV.75

Barrett, St. John, II.65

Barriere, John E., V.8.1

Bastrop County, TX, IV.92

Bastrop Independent School District,

IV.92

Batesburg, SC, IV.19

Batesville, MS, II.111

Baton Rouge, LA, II.64, II.86.1,

AB.2.122

Battiste, John W., II.59.3

Bauer, William J., IV.40

Bay County, FL, II.220

Bayard Rustin v. Southern Railway

Company, IV.105, IV.106

Bedford­Stuyvesant Development

Corporation, V.44

Behind the Cabinet, by W. Willard

Wirtz, V.47

Bell, David E., V.8.2

Bell, et al. v. Rippy, et al., IV.89

Bell, Margaretta S., II.179

Bell, T. H., II.195

Belton, Ethel Louise, IV.97

Bendix Corporation, II.34

Benson, NC, II.92.6

Bentley Library, Michigan Historical

Collections, V.99

Bernhard, Berl I., II.206, V.37, AA.21

Bertonneau v. Board of Directors of the

City Schools of New Orleans, IV.88

Bethel Baptist Church, Birmingham,

AL, II.56.2

Bethlehem Steel Company, II.139, IV.30

Bevel, James, II.59.2, IV.12

Biemiller, Andrew J., V.8.3

“Big City School Desegregation,” II.215

“Bigotry and Violence on American

College Campuses,” II.234

Bilbo, Theodore G., AA.3

Bilingual education, II.8

Biloxi, MS, AB.5.115

Bingaman, Charles M., IV.78

Birkhead, Kenneth M., V.8.4

Birmingham, AL, II.56.2, II.57.1,

II.59.1, II.61.1, II.64, II.162.3, II.219,

AB.2.120, AB.6.89, AB.7.103,

AB.7.104, AB.7.119

Bison, Ted, II.58.2

Black, Arline, IV.120

Black, Joe, II.171

Black Action Council for United

Progress, II.99.2

“Black Belt Study,” II.227

Black Belt Survey, II.204, V.48

Black Coalition, II.99.2

Black colleges, II.5, II.6, II.195, V.98,

V.106

Black Deputy U.S. Marshals’

Organization, II.84.4

Black Lung Benefits Reform Act of

1977, II.136

Black Man in the White House, by E.

Frederic Morrow, V.25

Black Panther Party, II.99.1, II.99.2,

II.99.5, II.108, II.108.2, II.168.2,

II.206, V.87.3

Black Power Movement, Robert C.

Weaver’s assessment of, II.145.19

Black Star Line, IV.111

Blacks in Government, II.186

Board of Education of the City of

Chicago v. Chicago Branch, National

Association for the Advancement of

Colored People, et al., IV.35, IV.52

338
 
           

       

     

       

       

   

     

     

     

     

         

     

     

   

     

   

       

     

   

   

     

     

   

   

     

   

   

   

     

     

   

   

   

       

       

       

       

     

   

     

     

   

     

     

     

   

         

   

     

     

         

   

   

     

   

   

       

   

     

   

     

Board of Officers on the Utilization of

Negro Manpower in the Post­War

Army, V.17

Bolling, Spottswood Thomas, IV.97

Bomb threats, II.70, II.71, II.102

Bombing incidents, II.98, II.99.7, V.13,

AB.7.103, AB.7.104

Bonaparte, Charles, II.74

Bookbinder, Hyman H., II.32

Booker T. Washington Burial

Association, II.35

Booz­Allen & Hamilton, II.168.7

Bossier Parish, LA, AB.5.114

Boston, MA, II.27, II.125, II.200, II.205,

II.206, II.233, IV.23, V.16

Boutecou, Eleanor, V.6.2, V.8.5

Boutin, Bernard, V.87.1

Bowe, Thelma, IV.44, IV.53

Boxing events, II.182

Boycotts of white merchants, II.99.3

Boyette, Carl Leslie, II.99.7

Boynton, Amelia, IV.14

Brewer, Herbert, IV.84

Briggs, Harry, Jr., IV.97

Brightman, Samuel C., V.8.6

Brimmer, Andrew, II.33

Bristol­Myers Company, II.34

Brokenburr, Robert Lee, V.15

Brooke, Edward, V.18

Brookings Institution, II.40.5

Brooks, Albert, IV.35

Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen

and Enginemen, IV.33, IV.48

Browder, Aurelia, IV.13

Brown, Oliver, IV.97

Brown, Revelle, IV.118

Brown, William H., III, II.178.1,

II.178.3

Brown v. Board of Education, et al.,

II.200, IV.97, IV.104, IV.121, V.9

compliance with, II.62, II.234, IV.6,

IV.121, IV.122, IV.125, V.22

implementation of, II.205

re­argument of (October 1953),

II.56.3

summarized, II.125

Browne, Earl C., IV.134.1

Brownell, Herbert, II.62

Brubeck, William H., V.31

Brunson v. Clarendon County, SC, Board

of Trustees, II.219

Brunt v. United States, AB.1.31

Brussels Trade Fair, V.11

Buchanan, Patrick, V.91

Buggs, John A., II.200, II.206, II.208

Bullitt, Dorothy, IV.3

Bullock County, AL, II.219

Bundy, McGeorge, V.31, V.71

Bureau of Indian Affairs police, II.86.6

Burger, Warren, IV.17

Burger King, II.103.2

Bursk, Edward C., II.33

Bus boycotts, IV.13

Bus burnings, AB.3.88

Buses

efforts to desegregate, II.62, II.65,

AB.3.84–91, AB.6.83, AB.6.85–87,

AB.7.118

investigations of complaints of

racial discrimination on, II.115,

AB.6.83

Bush v. Orleans Parish School Board,

V.1.71

Business opportunities for minorities,

II.32, II.178.1

Businesses, women’s enterprises, II.48

339
 
         

       

   

       

     

     

   

   

     

       

   

       

         

   

     

   

     

         

       

   

       

     

   

     

     

     

     

   

     

   

     

   

   

   

       

     

         

     

     

   

     

         

         

   

         

   

   

   

   

   

       

       

       

     

     

         

     

   

     

     

     

   

       

         

Businessmen

and 1978 plan to reorganize EEO

programs, II.40.2

minority, II.30, II.32, II.33, II.35,

II.178.1, V.98, V.106

voluntary agreements to hire black

Americans, II.32, II.34, II.154,

II.172, AB.7.92, AB.7.93, AB.7.94

Byers, Kenneth, II.58.1

Bynum, Marshall, IV.35

C. A. Enterprises, IV.26–27

C. G. Gomillion, et al. v. Phil M.

Lightfoot, et al., IV.21

Cabinet Committee on Education, V.93

“Cabinet Paper on Civil Rights,” II.227

Cairo, IL, II.206

Caldwell County, TX, IV.92

Calhoun, Vivian, IV.6

Calhoun County, MS, II.220

Califano, Joseph P., Jr., II.39, V.68

California, II.86.2, II.200, II.206, II.233,

IV.101, IV.134, IV.135

minority housing in, II.145.24, AD.7.1

segregation of Hispanic children,

IV.101, IV.104

California vs. Bakke, II.184

Caliver, Ambrose, II.3, II.15

Cambridge, MD, II.59.3, II.127

Cambridge, MA, Civic Unity

Commission, II.202

Campbell, Alan K., II.40.3

Campbell, Dick, IV.105

Campbell Soup Company, II.34

Canada, IV.69

Canal Zone Government, II.118.3

Cannon, James M., V.97

Canton, OH, II.217

Canwell Committee, IV.3

Cardwell, Owen, IV.125

Carl A. Hansberry, Perry Hansberry,

Lorraine Hansberry, et al. v. City of

Chicago, IV.28

Carl Hansberry vs. The Atchison, Topeka

and Santa Fe Railway, IV.24

Carr, Joe C., IV.20

Carroll, John, V.13

Carroll, Paul T., V.14

Carter, Jimmy, statement on Title VI,

Civil Rights Act of 1964, II.40.6

Carter, Oliver, V.8.7

Carver Savings Bank of Savannah, GA,

II.35

Casson, Joseph, II.33

Castro, Ida, II.186

Cater, Douglass, V.68

CBS Television, V.85

Cederberg, Elford, II.206

Celler, Emanuel, III.8, III.13.1, III.13.2,

III.14.3

Census, Bureau of the, II.126

Census of Population and Housing,

AD.7.3

Puerto Rican and Southwestern

Spanish Surname Extracts, AD.7.1

Centennial Year of Negro Progress, II.32

“Challenges of Jobless Youth—One Year

Later,” II.129

Champaign­Urbana, IL, II.99.2

Chaney, James, II.56.5, II.66

“Changing Perspectives on Civil

Rights,” II.234

Chapman, Oscar L., V.6.3

Chapman v. McShane, et al., AB.1.29

Charles C. Green, et al. v. County School

Board of New Kent County (VA),

IV.122

340
 
             

   

   

   

         

     

   

       

     

     

         

       

       

       

     

       

         

         

     

     

   

   

     

       

   

     

   

     

   

   

   

         

       

       

       

       

     

   

   

     

     

       

     

         

     

   

       

         

   

     

     

     

     

       

     

     

       

     

     

     

   

           

Charles W. Baker, et al. v. Joe C. Carr, et

al., IV.20

Charlotte, NC, IV.17

Charlottesville, VA, II.220

Chattanooga, TN, II.99.8

Chicago, IL, II.6, II.67, II.125, II.145.15,

II.217, II.228, III.14.2, IV.26–28,

IV.30, IV.37, IV.38

Board of Education, IV.29, IV.31,

IV.34, IV.35, IV.51, IV.52

Police Review Board, IV.41

riots, V.64

Chicago Area Friends of the Student

Non­Violent Coordinating

Committee, IV.35

Chicago Council of Lawyers, IV.40

Chicago Council of Lawyers, Chicago

Metropolitan Council of the NAACP,

et al. v. William J. Bauer, U.S.

Attorney; John C. Meiszner, U.S.

Marshal; and Elbert A. Wagner, Jr.,

Clerk of the U.S. District Court,

Northern District of Illinois, IV.40

Chicago Housing Authority, IV.38

Chicago Quartermaster Depot, IV.59

Chinese­speaking students, IV.129,

IV.131, IV.132

Chivers, Walter R., II.16

Christian, et al. v. Meshell, et al., IV.85

Christopher, Warren, V.87.2

Church bombings, II.56.2, II.162.3,

V.13, AB.7.103, AB.7.104

Churches of Christ, V.16

Cincinnati, OH, II.228

CIS Congressional Committee Hearing

Index, AA.1

Citizens Committee Representing

Segregation in the Hoxie Schools,IV.84

City of Memphis v. Martin Luther King,

Jr., Hosea Williams, Reverend James

Bevel, Reverend James Orange, Ralph

D. Abernathy and Bernard Lee, IV.12

Civil Aeronautics Board, II.118.3

Civil disorders. See also

Demonstrations; Race riots.

in Baltimore, MD, II.125

in Boston, MA, II.125

in Chicago, IL, II.125, V.64

in Cleveland, OH, II.108.3

in Detroit, MI, II.125, V.64, V.76,

V.87.7

FBI investigations of, II.106, II.108

FBI responsibility for investigating,

II.77

in Kansas City, MO, II.125

in Los Angeles, CA, II.125, II.146.5,

II.209, V.81

photographs of, II.125

in Pittsburgh, PA, II.125

reports on, II.37, II.108.4

surveillance of groups considered

agitator groups, II.99, II.101

in Washington, DC, II.108.4, II.125,

V.64

Civil rights

clearinghouse for information on,

II.198, II.231–234

congressional hearings on protection

of, AA.8, AA.11, AA.13, AA.14,

AA.16, AA.24, AA.25, AA.28,

AA.31, AA.36–37, AA.40, AA.42

FBI investigations of deprivations of,

II.111
 

manuals on, II.190
 

“Civil Rights: From Black and White to

Color,”V.89

341
 
           

         

             

       

       

       

       

       

       

         

     

     

           

   

     

       

     

       

       

         

     

   

   

   

         

   

         

     

     

     

       

         

     

     

           

   

         

       

     

     

   

         

       

   

       

     

         

         

   

     

       

       

     

       

   

         

       

     

Civil Rights Act of 1875, IV.88, IV.94,

IV.95

Civil Rights Act of 1949 (proposed),

V.5.2, AA.9

Civil Rights Act of 1957, II.198, V.9, V.26

enforcement of, II.57, II.57.2, II.57.3,

II.57.4

legislative history, III.4, III.9, III.12,

V.59, V.62, AA.12, AA.14, AA.35

Civil Rights Act of 1960

enforcement of, II.57, II.57.2, II.57.3,

II.57.4

legislative history, II.63, III.13, V.9,

AA.19, AA.25

Civil Rights Act of 1964, V.44

amendments to, AA.33, AA.34,

AA.39, AA.43

compliance with, II.209, IV.11,

IV.132, IV.135

efforts by state and local officials to

undermine, II.103, II.103.1,

II.103.8

FBI investigations of violations of,

II.102, II.103, II.104, II.105, II.111

and the Federal Aviation

Administration, II.159

implications for the Home Finance

Agency, II.145.14

legislative history, II.64, II.65, III.9,

III.14, V.10, V.64, V.75, V.78, V.79,

AA.26, AA.29, AA.30, AA.31,

AA.33, AA.37, AA.38

Title I, II.57

Title II, II.58

Title IV, II.19, II.20–27, II.55, II.125,

II.131, II.146.6, II.208

Title VI, II.37, II.38, II.40.6, II.40.8,

II.40.10, II.55, II.145.14, II.145.27,

II.145.33, II.146.1, II.149.1, II.155,

II.165, II.166, II.168.3, II.195,

II.220, II.229, II.233, IV.85, AD.6

Title VII, II.40.8, II.40.10, II.61, II.65,

II.138, II.172, II.176, II.177,

II.180, II.181, II.184, II.186,

II.187, AD.5.1

Civil Rights Act of 1966, II.64, II.146.6,

II.149.1, AA.33, AA.43

Civil Rights Act of 1967 (proposed),

AA.34, AA.39

Civil Rights Act of 1968

anti­riot provisions, II.106, V.64

enforcement of, II.38, II.40.8,

II.146.1, II.146.3, V.97

and fair housing loans to minorities,

II.145.34

legislative history, V.64, V.75, V.78,

V.79
 

Title VI, II.146.1
 

Title VIII, II.38, II.40.7, II.40.8,
 

II.146.1, II.146.3

Title IX, II.38, V.97

Civil Rights Act of 1974, II.77

Civil Rights Act of 1977 (proposed),

II.201

Civil rights activists

correspondence with, II.38, V.62,

V.77, V.84, V.106, V.110, V.111

and history programs for Negroes,

II.145.31

meetings with, V.13, V.87.7

murdered, II.56.5, II.62, II.66, II.87,

II.88, III.5

photographs of, V.83

profiles of, II.162.2, II.164, V.10, V.12

testimony on organization of Federal

civil rights efforts, II.40.3

342
 
     

       

       

   

         

     

     

     

         

       

         

   

       

         

         

     

   

         

   

   

     

   

   

       

       

     

         

       

         

       

         

     

       

   

   

     

   

   

   

       

   

     

       

     

       

     

       

   

   

         

     

     

   

   

         

     

       

     

   

   

   

   

     

   

violence against, II.56.1, II.56.2,

II.56.4, II.56.5, II.57.4, II.62, II.98,

II.230, III.5

Civil Rights and Privileges Act,

proposed 1954, AA.11

Civil Rights Bill of 1966, II.146.2

Civil Rights Digest, AC.11

Civil Rights Directory, AC.11

Civil Rights Coordinator Conference,

1968, II.164

Civil rights issues, evaluation of, II.225,

II.226, II.229, V.36.4, V.36.5, V.39,

V.43, V.58, V.59, V.71, V.74, V.77,

V.78, V.79, V.80

Civil rights legislation, proposed, II.201,

II.226, V.19, V.22, V.24, V.25, V.57,

V.59, V.62, V.64, V.75, V.78, V.79,

V.87.2, V.87.3, V.99, V.100

Civil rights organizations (See also

specific organizations)

and 1978 plan to reorganize EEO

programs, II.40.1, II.40.2

conventions/conferences of, II.164,

II.165, II.168.1, II.168.2, II.168.3,

II.168.7, II.168.8, II.186

correspondence with, V.11

FBI surveillance of, II.99, II.108,

II.108.2
 

Hispanic, II.183
 

“Civil Rights Protected by Existing

Federal Orders, Regulations, and

Statutes,” II.229

Civil Rights Study for Federally Assisted

Programs established by Title VI,

Civil Rights Act of 1964, II.37

Civil Rights Sub­cabinet Group, II.32

Civil Rights Task Force (1978), II.40.4

Civil Rights Updates, AC.11

Civilian Exclusion Order 34, IV.130

Clague, Ewan, V.8.8

Clapp, Gordon, V.90

Clarendon County, SC, II.219

Clark, Kennth, II.145.25

Clark, Mark, II.206

Clark, Ramsey, V.87.3

Clark, Tom C., V.6.4, V.8.9

Clarke, Bruce, V.8.10

Clarksdale, MS, II.64, AB.7.104

Clayton School District, DE, IV.115

“Cleveland: Its Population,” II.228

Cleveland, OH, II.108.3, II.217, II.218,

IV.45–46

Cleveland, OH, Police Department,

II.218, II.228

“Cleveland’s Unfinished Business in Its

Inner City,” II.228

Clevepak Corporation, Eaton, IN,

II.105.2

Clifford, Clark M., V.5.2, V.6.5, V.8.11

Clifford­Rowe Memorandum of

November 19, 1947, V.6.5

Clifton, Chester V., V.31

Clinton, TN, V.13

Clymer, Adam, V.38

Coalition, et al. v. State Board, et al.

[DE], IV.115

Coca Cola Company, II.34

Cocheyse J. Griffin v. the County School

Board [of Prince Edward County,

VA], IV.121

Cochran, Michael, IV.30

Cochran, Patricia, IV.30

Cochran, Ulysses, IV.30

Colburn, Wayne, IV.63

Cole, Elizabeth R., II.219

Coleman Study, AD.2

343
 
   

   

     

     

     

     

     

       

     

       

   

       

         

     

     

     

   

     

         

   

       

     

     

       

     

     

     

   

     

     

   

   

   

       

       

     

   

         

     

       

     

     

     

       

     

     

     

   

     

         

       

     

     

       

     

Colgate­Palmolive Company, II.34,

IV.44, IV.53

Collins, Leroy, II.56.4

Collinwood High School, Cleveland,

OH, II.218

Colorado, II.27, II.200, AD.7.1

Colorado, TX, Common School

District, IV.92

Colson, Charles, V.91, V.96

Columbia County, AR, IV.86

Commerce, General Records of the

Department of (RG 40), II.30–40

Commerce, Secretary of, II.31–33, II.35

Commission Against Discrimination,

II.145.12

Commission of Fine Arts, II.118.3

Commission of Inquiry into the Black

Panthers and Law Enforcement

Officials, V.87.3

Commission on Human Rights,

II.178.2

Committee for Economic Opportunity,

Tucson, AZ, IV.135

Committee on Fair Employment

Practices, Records of the (RG 228),

IV.56, IV.100, IV.134

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, et al. v.

Revelle Brown, et al., IV.118

Communist Party, USA, IV.4

“Communist Party and the Negro

February 1953, The,”V.12

Communist propaganda, V.6.10, V.20

Community Action Program, II.166,

II.167

Community Facilities Administration,

V.51

Community Relations Service, II.39,

AA.30

Community Review Program, IV.61

Community Services Administration,

II.40.10, IV.135. See also Office of

Economic Opportunity.

Community Services Administration,

Records of the (RG 381), II.163–169,

IV.62, IV.135

“Compilations of U.S. Marshal’s Feats,

Foes, and Friends,” IV.83

Comprehensive Employment and

Training Act, II.136

Conference for EEO in the 1970s,

II.178.3

Conference on Affirmative Action,

II.178.3

“Conference on Negro Naval Personnel,

Thirteenth Naval District, Seattle,

Washington, 31 March 1944,”

IV.134.2

“Confronting Racial Isolation in

Miami,” II.205

Congo, V.12

Congress on Racial Equality (CORE),

II.65, II.145.12, II.145.22, II.164,

II.168.2, II.217, IV.32, IV.35

Congressional Black Caucus, II.183,

II.185, V.106, V.111

recommendations for EEO efforts,

II.37
 

“Report to the Nation,” 1971,
 

II.33

Congressional Record, III.10

Conlisk, James B., Jr., IV.41

Connally, John B., V.87.4

Connecticut, IV.69

Connelly, Matthew J., V.8.12

Consolidated Bank and Trust Company

of Richmond, VA, II.35

344
 
   

   

     

     

       

   

     

     

   

       

   

     

       

     

   

     

   

   

     

     

   

     

     

     

   

   

     

     

       

     

   

   

       

       

       

       

   

       

     

     

   

     

   

     

     

       

   

     

   

       

       

       

   

   

       

           

   

       

     

         

     

         

     

     

           

         

Construction trade unions,

employment discrimination by,

II.103.6, II.145.15, II.149.2

Construction trades

adherence to EEO regulations,

II.125, II.127, II.139, II.154.8

agitation for equal training and

employment opportunity in,

II.99.4

and Federally­financed projects,

II.127, II.138, II.145.4, II.145.22,

II.149.2, II.150

Contra Costa County Community

Action Program, IV.135

Contract Work Hours Standards Act,

II.136

Conyers, John, II.149.2

Cook County, IL, IV.39

Cook County, IL, Jail, IV.39

Coordinating Council of Community

Organizations, IV.35

Corbin, Mahatma, IV.126

Corbin, P. C., IV.126

Corey, Lester, II.97.1

Coughlan, John, IV.4

Council for Democracy, V.20

Cowan, Ronald Eugene, II.58.1

Cox, Elton, IV.35

Cronkite, Walter, interviews with

Lyndon B. Johnson, V.85

Crook, General George, IV.98

Cross, David, II.97.1

Cross, Paul, II.97.1

Crow Dog, Leonard, II.92.5

Crown Zellerbach Company, II.139

Cuban refugees, II.8, II.29, IV.70

Current Medical Survey, AD.3

Cutler, Robert, V.12

Daggs, Ruel, IV.93

Daley, Richard J., IV.36, IV.37

Dallas, TX, II.27, II.86.4, IV.89

Dallas County, AL, II.227, AB.4.57

Court, II.59.2

Daniel, Walter G., II.11, II.12

Daniels, Jonathan, V.8.13

Danner, Walter N., IV.7, IV.16

Danville, VA, II.64, AB.2.106

Dashbach, John Shields, IV.4

Davenport, Lee, II.61.2

David Johnson, et al. v. San Francisco

Unified School District, IV.131

Davidson, C. Girard, V.8.14

Davis, Charles A., IV.35

Davis, Dorothy E., IV.97, IV.121

Davis, Kenneth, IV.36

Davis, Milton I., IV.35

Davis­Bacon Act, II.136

Dawkins, Maurice A., II.164, II.168

Dawson, William L., III.5, III.14.2

Days, Drew S., III, II.40.3

Dayton, OH, II.99.1

Dean, John, V.91

Deborah A. Northcross, et al. v. The

Board of Education of the City of

Memphis, et al., IV.50

Decision­making in the White House, by

Theodore C. Sorensen, V.46

“Decline of Black Farming in America,

The,” II.234

Defense, Department of, V.72

draft report of the U.S. Commission

on Civil Rights, II.40.6

and equal opportunity housing,

II.209, IV.123

Defense, Records of the Office of the

Secretary of (RG 330), AC.10, AD.4

345
 
   

     

   

     

     

     

     

   

   

       

     

       

       

       

   

       

   

       

   

     

       

     

     

   

   

       

     

     

     

       

     

   

     

       

   

     

   

   

   

   

       

       

         

         

   

       

         

   

   

       

         

       

   

   

Delaware, II.200, IV.115
 

Delaware River Basin Commission,
 

II.118.3

Delgado, et al. v. Bastrop Independent

School District, et al., IV.92

Democratic Party

National Committee, V.37, V.55,

V.87.5

National Convention, 1968, II.108

platform, V.41

state primary elections, II.84.2,

II.84.3, IV.22, AB.4.64

Demographic and Economic

Characteristics of the Aged [1968

survey], AD.3

“Demographic Characteristics of

Cleveland,” II.228

Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan

Development Act of 1966, II.146.2

Demonstrations

civil rights, II.146.4, II.162.2, II.227,

IV.12, IV.14, IV.113, V.81, AB.1.9,

AB.1.10, AB.1.11, AB.2.106–108,

AB.2.109–112, AB.2.120–122,

AB.4.60–61, AB.7.118

at a Serbian Orthodox church,

II.89.2

at universities, II.86.1

Dennison, Admiral Robert L., V.5.3,

V.8.15

Dent, Harry, V.91

Denver, CO, II.200, II.206

Denver Fair Housing Project, II.168.8

Department of Education Organization

Act, II.1, II.193, II.194

Department of Transportation Act,

II.170, II.188

Desautels, Claude, V.36.1

“Desegregation of the Nation’s Public

Schools: Status Report,” II.234

Detroit, MI, II.99.10, II.125

Citizens Committee for Equal

Opportunity, II.217
 

Police Department, II.99.10
 

riots, II.125, V.64, V.76, V.87.7
 

“Developing the Facts in

Discrimination Cases,” II.224

Devils Lake, ND, II.58.2

Dick Campbell and Muriel Rahn v.

Southern Railway System, IV.105

Dickey, John S., V.8.16

Diggs, Charles, V.62

Diplomats, racial discrimination

experienced by, II.32

“Directory of Desegregated­Segregated

Status of Institutions of Higher

Education in the Southern U.S.,”

II.66

District Courts of the United States,

Records of (RG 21), IV.1–4, IV.6–47,

IV.84–99, IV.101–103, IV.105–113,

IV.115–129

District of Columbia, II.56.3, II.217,

IV.73, V.36.3, V.37, V.72, V.75, V.80

desegregation in, V.11

housing discrimination in, II.145.9,

II.192, AB.1.6

marches in, II.146.4, II.162.2, IV.113,

AB.2.112

riots of 1968, II.108, II.125, V.64

segregation of public facilities in,

V.6.3

voter registration, II.119.6

Workmen’s Compensation Act,

II.136

Ditto, Frank, IV.36

346
 
       

   

   

     

       

       

         

         

         

   

           

   

   

   

   

     

     

       

     

     

   

   

       

       

           

       

       

     

   

       

     

         

   

         

     

         

       

     

       

       

       

     

       

       

     

           

         

   

         

   

     

   

   

     

     

       

   

     

           

   

Doar, John, II.66, AB.1.12, AB.1.18,

AB.1.23, AB.1.24, AB.2.110

Domestic Council, II.36

Donovan, John C., II.127

Dorothy E. Davis, et al. v. County School

Board of Prince Edward County,

Virginia, et al., IV.97, IV.121, IV.126

Dorothy Gautreaux v. Patricia Harris,

Secretary of the Department of Health

and Human Services, and the Chicago

Housing Authority, IV.38

Dost, Alvin, IV.30
 

Douglas State Bank of Kansas City, KS,
 

II.35

Driscoll, TX, Consolidated Independent

School District, IV.90

Drug users, V.21

Duke, David, II.99.6

Dulles, John Foster, V.15

Dundy, Elmer S., IV.98

Dungan, Ralph A., V.31, V.39

Dunklin County, MO, II.220

Dunn, Albert L., IV.8

Durham, NC, III.12.2

Durr, Virginia, V.62

Dwight D. Eisenhower Library,

V.9–28

Earl C. Browne, et al. v. International

Brotherhood of Boiler Makers . . .,

IV.134.1

East Carroll Parish, LA, AB.4.48

East Chicago, IN, Fair Employment

Practice Commission, II.202

Eastern Europeans, II.89.1, II.89.2

Eaton, IN, II.105.2

Economic and Statistic Service, AC.7

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964,

II.128, II.163

“Economic Progress of Black Men in

America, The,” II.234

“Economic Situation of Negroes in the

United States, The,” II.32

“Economic Status of Black Women: An

Exploratory Investigation, The,”

II.234

Economy Fire and Casualty Company,

IV.60

Edmonds, Helen G., V.15

Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma, AL,

IV.14

Education, Assistant Secretary for, II.1,

II.7–8

Education, Bureau of, II.9, II.10

Education, Commissioner of, II.2, II.4,

II.5, II.6

Education, Department of, II.1, II.40.6,

II.193–197

Education, General Records of the

Department of (RG 441),

II.193–197, AD.6

Education, Office of, II.1, II.4, II.6, II.7,

II.11, II.13, II.14, II.15, II.18, II.20,

II.22–27, V.50, AD.2

Education, Records of the Office of

(RG 12), II.1–29, AD.2

Educational Amendments Act of 1972,

II.8, II.155, II.196

Title IX, II.155

Educational research, II.197, II.215

Educational Testing Service, AD.2

Edward M. Kennedy: A Biography, by

Adam Clymer, V.38

Edwards, India, II.129, V.8.18

EEO Fact Sheet from Office of the

Administrator, Department of

Agriculture, AC.7

347
 
         

     

       

     

   

   

   

       

   

     

         

     

     

     

       

         

     

             

     

   

     

   

     

   

       

   

   

   

       

   

   

     

   

     

       

     

           

   

     

   

         

       

       

       

   

     

   

   

   

   

           

       

     

     

     

   

     

     

         

     

EEO for State and Local Governments,

AC.8

EEO Information on Equal

Opportunity for State and Local

Government, AC.13

EEO Newsletter, Department of

Agriculture, AC.7

EEO Spotlight, AC.8

EEOC News Digest, II.175

EEOC Reports, AC.12

EEOC v. Ironworkers Local 86, et al.,

IV.5

EEOC v. Southern Pacific Transportation

Company and General Telephone

Company, II.187

Eglin Air Force Base, FL, IV.70

Ehrlichman, John, V.91, V.96

Eisenhower, Dwight D., V.9–11

and employment discrimination,

II.133

messages to Congress, III.10

and school desegregation, II.62, V.9,

V.10, V.11, V.12, V.13, V.14, V.18,

V.19, V.22, V.25, V.26

and use of troops in Little Rock, AR,

II.162.4

Eisenhower administration, postwar

race relations programs, II.147

Eisenhower Commission, V.86

Election observers, II.67

Elementary and Secondary Education,

Bureau of, II.28–29

Elementary and Secondary Education

Act, II.8, II.29

Elementary and Secondary School Civil

Rights Survey, AD.6

Elementary–Secondary Education Staff

Information Surveys, AD.5.7

Elgin, TX, Independent School District,

IV.92

Elisburg, Donald, II.40.3

Elk, John, IV.99

Elliott, R. W., IV.97

Elmore, George, IV.22

Elmore County, AL, II.57.2

Elsey, George M., V.6.6, V.8.17

Emergency Advisory Council for

Negroes, II.122

Emergency School Aid Act of 1972, II.8,

II.19, II.23, II.27

Emergency School Assistance Program,

II.19, II.24, AD.6

Emma Armour, et al. v. Jack P. Nix,

Superintendent and State Board of

Education of Georgia, et al., IV.10

Emma Jane Lee v. the Board of

Education, Festus, Missouri, IV.96

Employer Information Reports, AD.5.1

Employment agencies, AD.5.1

Employment discrimination. See also

Federal employees, minority.
 

in Alabama, II.61.1
 

at AT&T, II.173–174
 

on the basis of sex, II.136, II.137,
 

II.138, II.182, II.186, IV.43, IV.44,

IV.45–46, IV.53

congressional hearings on, AA.24,

AA.29, AA.30, AA.31, AA.34,

AA.35–39

in educational research, II.197

by employment services, II.176

FBI investigations of, II.102, II.103,

II.103.4, II.105, II.105.1, II.105.2

in the Federal court system, II.204

at the Federal Highway

Administration, II.191

348
 
       

     

       

       

   

     

     

     

       

     

     

       

       

     

       

   

       

     

         

   

     

     

       

   

     

     

     

       

     

     

     

       

     

       

   

   

   

     

     

   

     

   

   

       

     

   

         

     

         

       

     

       

     

     

     

   

   

     

   

investigations of, II.32, II.125, II.153,

II.154, II.154.4, II.159, II.180,

II.181, II.182, II.187, IV.55, IV.56,

IV.57, IV.58, IV.59, IV.96, IV.100

in Maryland, II.127

against Mexican laborers, II.132

and the physically handicapped,

II.132, II.136, II.137, II.138
 

reverse discrimination, II.185
 

by schools, II.60, II.218, IV.96,
 

IV.116, IV.120, AD.5.1, AD.5.7

by states, II.131, II.178.1

statistics on, II.175, II.176, II.178.1,

II.184
 

by the U.S. Navy, IV.114
 

“Employment Practices in Montana:

The Effects on American Indians

and Women,” II.200

Employment Security, Bureau of, V.53

Employment Security Review, V.53

Enemy Within, The, by Robert F,

Kennedy, V.33

“Enhancing the Occupational Outlook

and Vocational Aspirations of

Southern Secondary Youths,” II.124

Equal Credit Opportunity Act, II.50,

II.200, II.226

Equal educational opportunity, II.5,

II.125, II.205, V.97, AD.2

congressional hearings on, AA.2,

AA.6, AA.23–34, AA.37, AA.38,

AA.39

enforcement of, II.55, II.72, II.220,

IV.15, AB.1.12, AB.1.36, AB.1.69,

AB.1.71

in Federally assisted programs,

II.40.1, II.156.1, II.156.2, AA.31,

AA.37, AA.38

at universities, IV.7, IV.15, IV.16,

IV.18, IV.124, AB.1.8, AB.1.9,

AB.1.12

Equal Educational Opportunities Act of

1974, II.55

Equal Educational Opportunity,

Division of, II.19–27

“Equal Educational Opportunity in

America’s Cities: Problems and

Programs for Change,” II.233

Equal educational opportunity

program, II.5

Equal employment opportunity. See

also Federal employees.

agitation for, II.99.3, II.99.4

in apprenticeship programs, IV.5,

AD.5.1, AD.5.3, AD.5.4

conferences and seminars on, II.40.5

contract compliance matters, II.125,

II.126, II.133–135, V.27

in the Department of Housing and

Urban Development, II.145.8

in the Department of

Transportation, II.171

in the Department of the Treasury

II.42–45

effectiveness of programs for, II.198

enforcement efforts, II.40.1, II.40.3,

II.40.5, II.55, II.61, II.70, II.72,

II.120, II.127, II.137, II.150,

II.154, II.180, II.181, II.182,

II.234, IV.42, IV.43, IV.60,

AB.7.91–104, AD.5.1

Federal agency memorandums of

agreement regarding, II.178.1

in the Federal Aviation

Administration, II.158, II.159,

II.160

349
 
     

       

     

     

     

     

     

       

     

     

   

       

   

   

       

   

     

   

     

       

         

     

   

     

   

   

   

     

     

     

   

       

   

     

     

     

     

       

     

   

   

     

       

   

     

     

   

   

     

       

in the Federal Highway
 

Administration, II.189–191
 

and Federally assisted job training

programs, II.206, II.207, II.224,

II.227, II.228

in Federally assisted programs,

II.40.1, II.40.3, II.40.5, II.143,

II.150, II.165, II.166, II.205,

II.224, V.27, AA.37, AA.38

and layoffs, II.178.2, II.180, II.226

litigation to achieve, II.173–174,

IV.60

National Enforcement Plan for Fiscal

Year 2000, II.186

and the Office of Economic

Opportunity, II.165, II.168.5

and Presidential appointments, II.205

in private industry, II.124, II.205,

IV.134, V.18, V.27

reorganization of programs for,

II.40.10

state employment practices, I.178.1,

AD.5.1, AD.5.5

voluntary pledges by businessmen,

II.32, II.34, II.154, II.172, AB.7.92,

AB.7.93, AB.7.94

during World War II, II.122, IV.134

for youth, II.129, V.27

Equal Employment Opportunity Act of

1972, AD.5.1

Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission, II.40.5, II.125, II.135,

II.172–187, V.72, AD.5.1

assigned duties, II.38

Compliance Division, II.180–181

conferences and seminars, II.178.1

congressional hearings on, AA.27,

AA.29, AA.30, AA.31, AA.38

court cases, IV.60

and fair housing regulations, II.146.2

Federal Government enforcement

activities, II.40.1, II.40.5
 

management review of, II.37,
 

II.178.1
 

organization of, II.37, II.40.5
 

proposed relocation of, II.185
 

publications, AC.12
 

Seattle District Office, IV.5
 

Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission, Records of the

(RG 403), II.172–187, IV.5, IV.60,

AC.12, AD.5

Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission v. Playboy Enterprises,

Inc., IV.42

Equal Employment Opportunity

Coordinating Council, II.40.5

Equal Employment Opportunity

Programs, Department of the

Treasury, II.42–45

Equal Employment Opportunity

Reports, AC.12

Equal Employment Opportunity

Surveys, AD.5.1

Equal housing opportunity: V.6.8, V.16,

AB.7.98. See also Housing; Housing,

racial discrimination in.

Federal enforcement of, II.40.6,

II.40.8, II.55, II.70, II.145.32,

II.145.33, II.226

in Federally assisted programs,

II.40.1, II.40.6, II.40.8

urban housing, II.40.6

“Equal Opportunity in the United

States,”V.89

Equal Pay Act, II.134, II.184

350
 
       

   

     

     

     

   

   

     

       

   

   

   

     

     

   

   

   

       

   

   

       

     

     

     

     

   

   

       

     

       

     

     

   

   

         

   

   

   

     

     

   

     

   

   

     

     

         

         

         

   

   

       

     

       

     

     

     

     

Equal Rights Amendment, V.99, V.101,

V.104, V.107

“Equal Rights Amendment:

Guaranteeing Equal Rights for

Women under the Constitution,

The,” II.234

Equality of Education Opportunity

(Coleman) Study, AD.2

Ethiopia, II.183, V.15

Eva Allen v. the County School Board [of

Prince Edward County, VA], IV.121,

AB.5.105

Evans, Ahmed, II.108.3

Evans, Brenda, IV.115

Evers, Medgar, II.227

Ewing, Oscar R., V.8.19

Exclusion order (1942), IV.1

Executive orders

2067, II.184

9066, IV.2, IV.130

9070, II.142

9808, I.2, V.7.1

9981, IV.123, V.6.5

10308, II.133

10925, II.34, II.123, II.145.15, II.153,

II.154

11063, II.38, II.149.2

11114, II.153, II.154

11246, II.38, II.40.7, II.42, II.138,

II.153

11541, II.36

Export­Import Bank of Washington,

II.118.3

Fact­Finding Hearing to Consider

Employment by Institutions of

Higher Education Under Federal

Non­Construction Contracts, II.40.6

Fahy, Charles, V.7.2

Fahy Committee, V.5.7, V.6.5, V.7.2,

V.17

Fair, Charles Dickson, IV.15

Fair and Equitable Treatment: A

Progress Report on Minority
 

Employment in the Federal
 

Government, AD.8.2
 

Fair Employment Board, V.5.4

Fair Employment Practices

Commission, II.122, II.133

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938,

II.124, II.134, IV.55

Faneca v. McShane, et al., AB.1.30

Farm Credit Administration, II.118.3

Farm Labor Contractor Registration

Act of 1963, II.136

Farmers Home Administration, II.166

Farming programs, II.209, II.227,

II.229, II.234

Fassett, Allen, II.58.2

Faubus, Orval, II.162.4

Fayette, TN, II.227, AB.4.67

Fayette County, KY, II.220

Federal aid to education, II.4, II.5,

AA.2, AA.31

Federal aid to higher education, AA.31

Federal aid to states, AA.2, AA.31

Federal Aviation Administration,

II.157–160

Federal Aviation Administration,

Records of the (RG 237), II.157–160

Federal Aviation Agency, II.118.3

Federal Bar Association, II.67, II.178.2

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Albuquerque Field Office, II.88

Atlanta Field Office, II.88

Boston Field Office, II.88

and discrimination complaints

351
 
   

       

     

         

   

   

       

     

     

       

     

     

       

       

       

     

         

   

     

     

       

     

       

       

     

   

     

   

   

   

     

     

     

   

     

   

       

     

     

     

     

     

     

   

   

   

     

     

       

       

regarding public

accommodations, II.58.1, II.58.2,

II.58.3, II.59.1

El Paso Field Office, II.88

and employment discrimination,

II.61.1, II.61.2

Indianapolis Field Office, II.88

informants, II.99.2

and integration of the University of

Mississippi, II.236

investigations of discrimination in

educational institutions, II.102,

II.103, II.105

Kansas City Field Office, II.88

Memphis Field Office, II.87

and Negro protest demonstrations,

II.65

New Orleans Field Office, II.100

Pittsburgh Field Office, II.109

reports, II.209, V.12, AB.1.19–21,

AB.2.109, AB.4.68

responsibilities, II.75

Salt Lake Field Office, II.109

San Antonio Field Office, II.88

and school integration in Alabama,

II.56.2

Seattle Field Office, II.109

and the Till murder case, II.56.4

wanted cards, IV.76

Washington Field Office, II.109

Federal Bureau of Investigation,

Records of the (RG 65), II.74–113

Federal Civil Rights Enforcement

Effort, AC.11

Federal Contract Compliance, Office of,

Department of Labor, II.38, II.40.2,

II.40.7, II.131, II.135, II.137,

II.138–139

Federal contracting agencies,

compliance with equal employment

requirements, II.138, II.139

Federal contractors

contract compliance, II.133–135,

II.178.1

and equal employment opportunity,

II.125, II.126, II.131, II.133–135,

II.138–139, II.150, II.153, II.154,

II.154.1, V.27

minority, V.106

Federal employees, V.13. See also

Federal employees, minority.

civil service regulations, II.117

discrimination complaints, II.32,

II.43, II.44, II.45, II.123, II.154,

II.159, II.181, IV.78, AB.7.91

employment practices of Federal

agencies, II.153, II.154, II.154.7,

II.178.1, IV.61, V.18, AD.8.2

Hispanic, II.40.10
 

minority recruitment, II.43, II.45,
 

II.171

non­discrimination in, II.38, AD.8.2

on­the­job training, II.44

responsibility for equal

employment opportunity for,

II.40.7, II.42–45

and sexual harassment, AD.8.1

Federal employees, minority. See also

Employment discrimination; Equal

employment opportunity; Federal

employees.

at Air Force bases, II.209

in the Department of Agriculture,

II.118.1

in the Department of Commerce,

II.32

352
 
       

       

     

         

         

           

         

         

         

     

     

         

     

     

       

       

   

       

     

   

   

     

     

     

     

     

       

       

   

   

       

   

         

       

           

       

     

       

     

         

     

   

     

   

   

   

   

     

     

     

   

     

     

   

       

     

in the Department of Defense,

II.118.2
 

in the Department of Health,
 

Education and Welfare, II.118.3

in the Department of Labor, II.118.3

in the Department of State, II.118.2

in the Department of the Air Force,

II.118.2

in the Department of the Army,

II.118.2

in the Department of the Interior,

II.118.1

in the Department of the Navy,

II.118.2, II.118.3

at the Department of

Transportation, II.171

in the Federal Aviation

Administration, II.158

in the Federal court system, II.204

in the Federal Highway

Administration, II.191

in the Federal Housing

Administration, II.204

in the Internal Revenue Service,

II.204

promotions of, II.32, II.84.4, AD.8.2

recruitment of, II.32

in the U.S. Navy, IV.114

in the Veterans Administration,

II.204

Federal employment officers, II.123

“Federal Enforcement of Equal

Employment Requirements,” II.234

Federal Equal Housing Opportunity

Council, II.37

Federal Extension Service, II.229

Federal Financial Regulatory Agency,

II.40.6

Federal food assistance programs,

II.208, II.227, AB.4.67, AB.7.113

Federal Government, reorganization of

civil rights efforts, II.40.1, II.40.2,

II.40.3, II.40.4, II.40.5, II.40.6, II.40.7

Federal Highway Administration,

II.188–192

Federal Highway Administration,

Records of the (RG 406), II.188–192

Federal Housing Administration, II.204

Federal Housing and Rent Act, IV.26,

IV.27

Federal loan programs, II.207, II.229

Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of

1977, II.136

“Federal Programs and the Housing

Problems of Negroes,” II.228

Federal Reserve System, Board of

Governors of the, II.118.3

Federal Security Agency, II.1, II.11, II.13

Federal Women’s Program, II.178.1,

AC.13

Fee, Judge, IV.2

Feeney, John G., V.8.20

Feldman, Myer, V.36.2

Festus, MO, IV.96

Fike, Stanley, V.8.21

Finch, Robert, V.90

Finch, Stanley W., II.74

Finley, Sydney C., IV.35

First Amendment freedoms, IV.3, IV.4

Fisher, Sylvia, IV.35

Fisk University, II.26, II.229

Fitzgerald, Ella, et al. v. Pan American

World Airways, Inc., IV.109

Flemming, Arthur S., II.40.3, II.200,

II.201, V.16

Fletcher, Arthur A., V.98

353
 
       

   

     

   

     

   

       

   

     

       

   

     

     

           

     

     

     

   

   

     

       

   

   

   

     

       

       

   

   

       

   

   

       

   

         

   

     

       

   

   

     

   

   

       

   

   

   

   

     

     

   

   

     

   

           

   

           

       

       

   

     

     

   

     

   

Flight to avoid prosecution, II.95

Florida, IV.70

school desegregation, II.62, II.105

voting problems in, II.84.2

Florida A&M, II.10

Floyd, Harry K., II.58.3

Folliard, Edward, V.8.22

Food programs, II.208, II.227, AB.4.67,

AB.7.113

Forced labor, II.90

Ford, Betty, V.107, V.108

Ford, Gerald R., II.200, IV.130

Ford Foundation, II.168.8

Foreign Agricultural Service, AC.7

Foreign agricultural workers, II.136,

II.141

Fort Chaffee, AR, riot of 1980, IV.68

Fort Lee, VA, IV.123

Fort Omaha, NE, IV.98

Fort Smith, AR, IV.68

Fox, George, IV.116

Fraction, Gloria, IV.37

Fraiser, John L., II.65

Francis B. Gebhart, et al. v. Ethel Louise

Belton, et al., IV.97

Frazier, Elihu, IV.93

Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu v. The

United States, IV.130

Freedom Riders, II.62, II.65,

AB.3.84–91, AB.7.118

Freedom to Serve: Equality of

Treatment and Opportunity in the

Armed Services, AC.10

Frenzel, Bill, II.67

Friedman, Martin L., V.5.4, V.8.23

Friedman, Monroe, V.8.24

Fujii, George, IV.103

Future Farmers of America, II.229

Future Homemakers of America,

II.229

“Future Role of Negroes in American

Agriculture, The,” II.227

Gadsden County, FL, II.227

Gagnon and Bourgeois case, U.S.

Marshals Service, IV.69

Gaither, James, V.68

Gallaudet University, II.155, II.194

Galler, Roberta, IV.35

Garment, Leonard, V.90

Garrity, W. Arthur, Jr., IV.23

Garvey, Elie, IV.111

Garvey, Marcus, IV.111

Gaston Motel, Birmingham, AL,

AB.7.103

Gautreaux, Dorothy, IV.38

Gebhart, Francis B., IV.97

General Accounting Office, II.40.6

General Dynamics, II.206

General Services Administration,

II.118.3

General Telephone Company, II.187

George, Velma, V.15

George Elmore, on behalf of himself and

others similarly situated v. Clay Rice,

et al., IV.22

George Willis, Jr., Woodrow T. Lewis and

Albert L. Dunn v. the Pickwick, a

Corporation, and Lester G. Maddox,

IV.8

Georgetown University, II.125

Georgia, II.57.3, II.200, IV.71

school desegregation, IV.6, IV.7. IV.9,

IV.10, AB.5.127

voting problems, II.227

Georgia, University of, IV.16

Law School, IV.7

354
 
         

         

       

       

   

   

   

     

       

       

     

     

   

   

     

       

       

   

       

   

   

     

     

   

     

     

     

   

     

   

       

     

   

       

       

     

   

   

     

       

   

     

   

           

     

     

       

     

     

   

     

       

   

   

   

   

     

   

       

     

   

     

     

         

       

         

Georgia State Conference of Branches of

the NAACP, et al. v. State of Georgia,

et al., IV.9

Gerald R. Ford Library, V.97–108

German prisoners of war, IV.59

Gerst, Mable, IV.110

Gerst, Otis, IV.110

Gibbons, Clarence, II.58.3

Gibson, John W., V.6.6

Gillem, Alvan C., Jr., V.17

Gillem Board, V.6.10, V.7.2, V.17

Gilliam, Clarence M., II.103.5

Gilmore, D. W., V.8.25

Girard, Stephen, IV.118

Girard College, IV.118

Givhan, Mercer, Jr., II.61.1

Glenville riots, Cleveland, OH, II.108.3

Glickstein, Howard A., II.206, II.208,

II.209, II.218, II.222

Goldberg, Arthur J., II.123, II.126,

II.127, II.129, V.53

Goldseker, Morris, IV.117

Gomillion, C. G., IV.21

Gonzalez, Henry B., II.208

Goode, Gerry, II.86.5

Goodman, Andrew, II.56.5, II.66

Goodpaster, Andrew J., V.14

Goodrich, Paul W., IV.41

Gould, Lincoln, V.8.26

Government Printing Office, V.95,

AC.1–14

Grady, AR, II.84.5

Grant­in­aid programs

educational, II.156.2

equal opportunity in, II.207, IV.135

Graven, Ludwig Karl, II.91

Gray, Gordon, V.12

Gray, William Leon “Buddy,” II.58.1

“Great Society: A Twenty­Year Critique,

The,”V.89

Green, Charles C., IV.122

Greenburg, Jack, II.145.18

Greensboro, NC, II.64

Greenville, SC, II.65, AB.6.90

Greenwood, MS, II.57.4, II.64, II.103.1,

AB.2.120, AB.4.60, AB.6.87

Gregory, Richard “Dick,” IV.35

Gregory Hayes Swanson v. The Rector

and the Visitors of the University of

Virginia, IV.124

Griffin, Cocheyse J., IV.121

Griffin, W. H., IV.134.1

Griffin v. County School Board of Prince

Edward County, II.125

Griswold, Erwin N., AA.21

Grove City, PA, II.97.1

Guam, IV.71, IV.135

Guaranty Life Insurance Company,

II.35

Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson, IV.131

Gulfport, MS, AB.5.116

Guthman, Edwin, V.40

Guthridge, Amis, IV.84

Gutierrez, Annie, V.109

Hagerty, James C., V.18

Haiti International Development Bank

road project, II.47

Haldeman, H. R., V.91, V.96

Halifax County, NC, II.84.3

Hall, Edward, II.84.1

Hamer, Fannie Lou, II.66

Hamilton, Edward K., V.71

Hamilton E. Holmes and Charlayne A.

Hunter, et al. v. Walter N. Danner,

Registrar of the University of Georgia,

IV.16

355
 
   

   

   

     

   

     

     

       

     

   

     

       

   

             

       

   

   

       

   

   

     

     

     

   

   

     

   

     

     

     

     

   

     

     

       

         

     

       

   

     

       

       

         

         

   

   

     

     

   

   

     

   

       

         

     

     

       

     

       

   

       

       

   

         

       

   

   

       

Hampton, Fred, II.206

Handicap complaints, II.226

Hanlin, Paul, IV.76

Hansberry, Carl, IV.24, IV.26–28

Hansberry, Lorraine, IV.28

Hansberry, M. L., IV.26

Hansberry, Perry, IV.25, IV.26–28

Harding, Bertrand M., II.164, V.87.6

Hardy, Neal J., V.51

Harlem Economic Development

Project, II.168.8

Harlow, Bryce N., V.19

Harris, Patricia Roberts, II.40.6, IV.38

Harrisburg, PA, II.205

Harry Briggs, Jr., et al. v. R. W. Elliott, et

al., IV.97

Harry S. Truman Library, V.1–8

Hart, Gary, IV.72

Harvard Business Review, II.33

Harvard University, Joint Center for

Urban Studies, II.146.2

Harvey, IL, II.108.1

Hastie, William H., V.8.27

Hatch, Orrin G., II.205

Hate crimes, FBI responsibility for

investigating, II.75, II.98

Hate groups, II.98

Hauser, Raymond J., IV.41

Hawaii, IV.135

Hawkins, Anice, IV.108

Haynes, Ulric, Jr., V.71

Haywood, TN, II.227, AB.4.67

Haywood­Fayette (TN) Food Program,

AB.4.67

Head Start, II.8, II.166

Headstart, Economic Opportunity and

Community Partnership Act of

1974, IV.135

Health, Education, and Welfare,

Department of, II.7, II.40.6, II.155,

II.166, II.220, IV.85, V.50, V.72, AD.6

Health, Education, and Welfare,

General Records of the Department

of (RG 235), II.155–156

Hearings and Conferences Before

Commission on Civil Rights, AC.11

Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. the United

States of America and Robert F.

Kennedy as the Attorney General of

the United States, IV.11

Hechler, Kenneth, V.8.28

Hennigan, James W., IV.23

Henry, Aaron, II.67, AB.7.104

Henry v. Greenville (SC), AB.6.90

Hernandez, et al. v. Driscoll Consolidated

Independent School District, IV.90

Hewlett, Faye P., II.48

Higganbotten, Edgar, II.67

Higher Education, Division of, II.9–13

Higher Education Act of 1965, II.8

Higher educational institutions, II.3,

II.5, II.6

affirmative action in, II.40.7

discrimination in, II.11, II.156.2, V.24

equal educational opportunity at,

IV.7, IV.15, IV.16, IV.18, IV.124,

AB.1.8, AB.1.9, AB.1.12

Federal assistance required in the

integration of, II.26, II.29, II.162.1

housing discrimination at, II.145.10

land grant colleges, II.9, II.10, V.24

law schools, IV.7, IV.18, IV.124

Hill, James, IV.30

Hill, Oliver, IV.126

Hill v. Prince George, VA, School Board,

II.219

356
 
     

     

     

       

   

     

     

       

     

     

     

   

     

   

     

         

       

       

       

       

   

         

       

         

     

   

         

         

   

           

       

     

   

   

     

     

     

       

     

       

     

     

     

   

       

   

     

     

   

     

   

           

   

       

       

   

     

     

     

       

       

   

Hiram Walker, Inc., IV.60

Hirobayashi, Gordon Kiyoshi, IV.1

Hispanic Americans, II.178.1, II.183,

II.186

census data on, II.226, AD.7.1

and Federal employment, II.40.10

as migratory workers, V.28

refugee camps for, IV.70

segregation of in schools, IV.90,

IV.91, IV.92, IV.101, IV.104

Hochman, Josef J., II.89.1

Hodges, Luther M., II.32

Holm, Jeanne, V.101

Holmes, Hamilton E., IV.16

Holt, Dorothy, IV.37

Holt, Leo E., IV.37

Holy Cross Hospital, Austin, TX, V.62

Housing and Home Finance Agency,

II.145.14

Home Seekers Savings and Loan

Association of Jefferson City, MO,

II.35

Homeless people, education of the

children of, II.28

Hoover, J. Edgar, II.66, II.82, II.111,

V.12, V.52

Horace T. Ward v. Regents of the

University System of Georgia, et al.,

IV.7

Horsky, Charles, V.36.3, V.68

Horwitz, Solis, V.59

Hosea Williams, John Lewis, and Amelia

Boynton, on behalf of themselves and

others similarly situated v. Honorable

George C. Wallace, as Governor of the

State of Alabama, et al., IV.14

Hospital desegregation, AB.7.100

Hostetter, Robert, IV.36, IV.37

Housing. See also Equal housing

opportunity; Housing, racial

discrimination in.

civil rights recommendations on,

II.37, II.145.2, II.145.3, II.146.2,

II.205, II.209

enforcement of laws prohibiting

discrimination in, II.55, II.149.1,

II.149.2

equal opportunity for, II.37, II.143,

II.145.16, II.149.1, II.192, II.234,

IV.62

Federal funding for low income

housing for African Americans,

II.145.17, II.145.22

loans to minorities, II.145.34

local public housing authorities,

II.142, II.143, IV.38

low rent, II.142, II.145.17, II.145.22,

II.146.4, II.146.5, V.24

for military personnel, II.209

minority group housing, II.146.2

and poverty, II.165

racially restrictive covenants, II.143

urban, II.40.6, II.151

in the Watts area of Los Angeles,

II.146.5

Housing, racial discrimination in,

II.165, II.204, V.6.10, V.13, V.111,

AA.24, AA.33, AA.39, AA.40–43. See

also Equal housing opportunity;

Housing.

against African diplomats, II.145.9

in Baltimore, MD, IV.117

in Chicago, IL, IV.38

in Cleveland, OH, II.218, II.228

in Federal housing programs, II.147,

II.148, II.149.1, II.149.2

357
 
       

     

     

       

     

       

     

       

       

     

     

       

   

   

   

         

     

     

       

     

       

   

     

   

   

   

     

         

     

       

     

     

           

   

     

   

   

     

       

     

     

   

   

           

     

       

     

         

     

   

       

     

     

         

   

   

         

       

         

     

         

   

     

   

HUD investigations of, II.145.32,

II.146.3

in public housing projects, II.149.1,

II.149.2

at public universities, II.145.10,

II.149.1, II.208
 

in rental housing, II.145.5
 

at the state level, II.145.1
 

in Tennessee, II.145.4, V.21
 

Housing Act of 1956, AA.41

Housing Amendments of 1955, AA.40

Housing and Home Finance Agency,

II.118.3, II.142, II.144, II.145.8, V.51,

AB.1.6

Housing and Urban Development,

Department of, II.144–151, V.72

civil rights record, II.146.6., II.148

equal employment opportunity in,

II.145.6, II.145.8, II.145.23,

II.145.26, II.145.35, II.147

and fair housing loans to minorities,

II.145.34

Office of Equal Opportunity, II.146.3,

II.146.5, II.148, II.150, II.151

publications on fair housing, II.40.6

Housing and Urban Development,

General Records of the Department

of (RG 207), II.144–151

Housing authorities, II.142, II.143

Houston, Charles, IV.124

Houston, TX, II.103.3

Houston, TX, Independent School

District, IV.91

Houston Negro Chamber of

Commerce, II.145.11

“How to Make the Next Generation

Employable,” by Seymour L.

Wolfbein, II.128

Howard University, II.5, II.13, II.40.7,

II.155, II.194, V.4.2, V.5.7

Howland, John Henry, II.97.2

Hoxie School District No. 46, et al. v.

Brewer, et al., IV.84

Huff, Henry P., IV.4

Hufstedler, Shirley, II.195

Hughes, Brenda, IV.125

Hughes Tool Company, AB.7.92

Humphrey, Hubert H., II.34, II.224

Hunter, Charlayne A., (See below)

Hunter­Gault, Charlayne A., IV.16

Hurst, TX, II.86.4

Hutchinson, Edward, V.99

“I Have a Dream” speech, by Martin

Luther King, Jr., IV.113

Illinois

employment discrimination, IV.55,

IV.56, IV.57, IV.58, IV.59, IV.61

voting problems in, II.67

“Image of a Promotable Person in

Business Enterprise, The,” II.224

Immigration policy, II.205

“Implication for Educational Policy of

Desegregation and Integration in

Public Schools, The,” II.215

Indian Affairs, Records of the Bureau

of (RG 75), IV.54

Indian Territory, IV.98

Indiana, IV.55, IV.56, IV.57, IV.58, IV.61

Indianapolis, IN, II.105.1, II.105.3, II.227

Institute for the Study of Educational

Policy, Howard University, II.40.7

Instructions to U.S. Marshals, Then and

Now, IV.65

Insurance companies, II.35

Interagency Council for Minority

Business Enterprises, II.48

358
 
   

   

   

         

     

     

     

     

         

       

   

       

   

   

     

   

         

   

     

   

     

     

       

     

   

       

   

     

         

   

   

   

   

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

     

     

     

     

     

   

       

     

   

       

   

     

     

   

       

     

       

         

         

   

         

         

Interdepartmental Committee on

Migratory Labor, V.28

Interdepartmental Committee on

Narcotics, V.21

Interior, Department of the, II.1, II.10,

II.13, II.15, II.166, IV.98

Internal Revenue Service, II.204

International Association of Bridge,

Structural and Ornamental Iron

Workers Local Union No. 1, IV.30

International Association of Chiefs of

Police, II.218

International Brotherhood of Boiler

Makers, Iron Ship Builders, Welders

and Helpers, IV.134.1

International Brotherhood of Electrical

Workers, Local 46, IV.5

International Business Machines

(IBM), II.34

International Education Act of 1966, II.8

International manpower seminar

(1964), II.128

International Women’s Year, V.101

Interstate Commerce Commission,

II.114–116

discrimination cases, II.65, V.52

hearings on racial discrimination in

the operation of interstate motor

carriers, II.64

order on bus desegregation, AB.6.83

Interstate Commerce Commission,

Records of the (RG 134), II.114–116

Interstate motor carriers

complaints of racial discrimination

on, II.56, II.64, II.65, II.115, II.116

discrimination in public

accommodations serving, II.58,

II.115, II.116

Interstate Public Accommodations Act

of 1963, II.124

“Intimidation and Violence: Racial and

Religious Bigotry in America,” II.234

Iowa, II.27, IV.56, IV.61, IV.93

Iowa City, IA, Human Relations

Commission, II.202

Iron Workers Bridge and Structural

Union, Local No. 1, IV.30

Iron Workers District Council of

Chicago and Vicinity, IV.30

Ironworkers Local 86, IV.5

“Issues in Housing Discrimination,”

II.234

Jackson, A. P., IV.35

Jackson, C. D., V.20

Jackson, Cecelia, IV.125

Jackson, Jesse, II.5, II.6, II.40.6

Jackson, MS, AB.2.109, AB.2.110

Jackson, Nathaniel, IV.35

Jackson, et al. v. School Board of

Lynchburg (VA), IV.125

Jacksonville, FL, AB.6.85

Jails

discrimination practiced by, II.103.7,

IV.39

segregation in, II.102, II.105.3

Jamaica, II.32

James, Joseph, IV.134.1

James E. Swann, et al. v. CharlotteMecklenburg Board of Education,

IV.17

James H. Meredith, et al. v. Charles

Dickson Fair, President of the Board

of Trustees of State Institutions of

Higher Learning, IV.15, AB.1.12

James William Webb, Jr., and Andre

Webb, minors, by James R. Webb,

359
 
             

         

     

     

     

     

     

   

     

     

   

         

           

   

           

     

       

       

         

   

   

         

     

       

       

       

   

         

         

   

   

       

     

       

     

     

       

       

       

       

   

   

   

         

   

         

   

       

   

     

     

   

       

       

       

     

       

     

       

   

their parent and next friend, et al. vs.

Board of Education, City of Chicago,

IV.29, IV.31, IV.34, IV.51

Japanese, internment of, IV.2

Japanese American citizens, internment

of, IV.2, IV.103, IV.130

Japanese American Citizens League,

IV.104

Japanese Imperial Government

Disclosure Act, II.89, II.91

Jefferson County, AL, II.57.1

Jenkins, Walter, V.70

Jerome Atkins, et al. v. School Board of

the City of Newport News, Virginia, et

al., IV.119

Jessee, Randall, V.8.29

“Jim Crow Still Rides the Trains,” II.65

Jimmy Carter Library, V.109–112

Jo Carol LaFleur v. Board of Education,

Cleveland, Ohio, IV.45

Job Corps, II.131, II.166, II.168.6

Job Patterns for Minorities and Women

in Apprenticeship Programs and

Referral Unions, AC.12

Job Patterns for Minorities and Women

in Private Industry, AC.12

“Job Training and Economic Security,”

II.228

Job training programs, II.207, IV.62

John Elk v. Charles Wilkins, IV.99

John F. Kennedy Presidential Library,

IV.75, V.29–56, AB.1–10

John H. Wrighten v. Board of Trustees of

the University of South Carolina, et

al., IV.18

Johnson, Charles, V.31

Johnson, David, IV.131

Johnson, Frank M., Jr., IV.14

Johnson, George M., AA.20

Johnson, Lyndon B., II.102, II.209,

V.57–64, V.87, V.87.7, V.89

and education, II.209, II.215

interviewed by Walter Cronkite, V.85

messages to Congress, III.10, V.81,

V.82

and Plans for Progress, II.34

and the President’s Committee for

Equal Employment Opportunity,

II.123, II.127, II.145.15

Johnson, Tom, V.87.7

Johnson administration and housing,

II.146.5

“Johnson Years: LBJ: The Difference He

Made, The,”V.89

Joint Center for Urban Studies, II.146.2

Joint labor­management apprenticeship

programs, AD.5.1, AD.5.3

Joliet, IL, Commission on Human

Relations, II.202

Jones, Olivia, II.59.3

Joseph James, et al. v. International

Brotherhood of Boiler Makers...,

IV.134.1

Judd, Walter, V.8.30

Juries, II.66, AA.33, AA.34, AA.39,

AA.43

Justice, Department of, V.72, V.87.2,

V.109, V.112

Circulars, IV.66

Civil Rights Division, II.39, II.40.5,

II.40.6, II.50, II.55–73, II.165,

V.8.5, V.44, V.52, AA.13, AA.14,

AA.15, AA.16, AA.31, AA.33,

AA.43, AB.1

and enforcement of civil rights laws,

II.50, II.55, IV.80

360
 
   

     

   

       

       

   

         

     

     

     

       

   

       

     

     

       

     

   

   

   

         

     

       

     

         

   

   

   

     

   

       

     

       

         

         

   

   

       

         

   

   

   

     

       

       

     

   

     

     

     

   

         

     

       

     

   

           

         

       

     

   

and enforcement of equal

employment opportunity, II.40.10

enforcement of equal housing

opportunity, II.40.6, II.145.3

and enforcement of Title VI, Civil

Rights Act of 1964, II.40.6
 

microfilm collection, AB.1–10
 

National Anti­Violent Crime
 

Initiative, IV.82

Task Force on Civil Rights, 1968,

II.164
 

Tax Division, AB.1.32, AB.3.91
 

Justice, equality in the
 

administration of, II.204, II.205,

II.209, II.227, V.80, AA.33, AA.34,

AA.39, AA.43, AB.7.101

Justice, General Records of the

Department of (RG 60), II.49–73,

IV.80–83

Kansas, II.27, IV.94, IV.95

Kansas City, MO, II.84.6, II.125

Katzenbach, Nicholas, II.64, V.52

Katzenbach Commission, V.86

Kaysen, Carl, V.31

Keesling, Karen, V.101

Kelly, Ernice, IV.37

Kelly Air Force Base, TX, II.209

Kendall, David W., V.21

Kennedy, by Theodore C. Sorensen,

V.46

Kennedy, Edward, II.67, V.38

Kennedy, John F., II.209, IV.63, V.45,

V.46

assassination of, IV.63

and equal employment opportunity,

II.34, II.123, II.129

and equal housing opportunity,

II.145.2

letters to, II.57.4

messages to Congress, III.10, III.14.1

papers, V.29–31

Presidential Papers of, V.30–31

and troops used to enforce

integration, IV.15

Kennedy, Robert F., II.57.4, II.64, II.65,

II.236, V.33–35, V.40, V.42, V.45, V.52

Kennedy administration

and equal employment opportunity,

II.154
 

labor programs, V.53
 

strategy on civil rights, II.32
 

Kennedy Legacy, The, by Theodore C.

Sorensen, V.46

Kenneth Adams v. Joseph Califano, Secy.

of HEW, II.40.6, II.40.10

Kent, Carlton, V.8.31

Kent County, DE, IV.115

Kentucky, II.97.1, IV.55, IV.57, IV.61

Kentucky State Industrial College, II.10

Kenworthy, E. W., V.8.32

Keppel, Francis, II.4

Kerner Commission, II.37, II.39, V.86

Kilberg, Bobbie Greene, V.100

Kimmel, Amos Lee, II.92.1

King, Lorenza, II.59.1

King, Martin Luther, Jr., II.164, II.168.8,

IV.12, IV.13, IV.113, V.11

assassination of, II.87, II.88, II.101,

II.108.4, II.125, V.75, V.87.7

publications, II.65, IV.113

Kinney Kinmon Lau, a Minor by and

through Mrs. Kam Kinmon Lau, his

Guardian ad Litem, et al. v. Alan H.

Nichols, President, et al., IV.129,

IV.132

Kissinger, Henry, V.31

361
 
       

     

     

   

     

   

   

           

       

       

       

   

     

   

   

       

     

     

   

     

     

           

       

   

         

       

     

     

   

   

     

         

   

         

       

   

   

     

   

     

     

   

     

     

     

         

         

   

     

         

   

     

       

         

       

   

       

       

       

       

   

Knag, Lt. Howard, USNR, IV.114

Kneel, Theodore W., II.127

Komer, Robert W., V.31

Korematsu, Fred, IV.130

Kreml, Franklin M., IV.41

Krogh, Egil, V.91

Kronheim, Milton, V.8.33

Ku Klux Klan, II.32, II.82, II.98, II.99,

II.99.6, II.101, II.105, II.159, V.12

Labor, Department of, II.120–141, V.47,

V.53, V.72

Board of Contract Appeals, II.136

Bureau of Apprenticeship and

Training, II.129

Civil Rights Division, II.178.1

and equal employment opportunity,

II.124, II.133–135, II.141

Office of Administrative Law Judges,

II.136–137

Office of Federal Compliance,

II.178.1

Office of Federal Contract

Compliance. See Federal Contract

Compliance, Office of.

Office of Manpower, Automation

and Training, II.129, V.53

Office of the Special Assistant to the

Solicitor for Civil Rights, II.131

personnel, II.132, II.141

report on EEO efforts in, II.40.5

Labor, General Records of the

Department of (RG 174), II.120–141

Labor, Solicitor of, II.130–132

Labor leaders, AB.7.94

Labor legislation, II.132

Labor policy, V.47, V.53

Labor Statistics, Bureau of, II.180, V.53

Labor unions, II.132

and 1978 plan to reorganize EEO

programs, II.40.2

agitation for equal opportunity in

employment and training

through, II.99.4

apprenticeship programs, IV.5,

AD.5.1, AD.5.3

duty of fair representation, IV.33,

IV.48, IV.49, IV.54

employment discrimination by,

II.103.6, II.154, II.154.11, II.178.1,

II.183, IV.5

racial composition of, II.127, II.154,

II.154.5, AD.5.1, AD.5.4

racial discrimination by, IV.33, IV.49,

IV.54, IV.134

LaFleur, Jo Carol, IV.45

Lancaster, Elmer Martin, II.35

Land Grant College Act, II.10, V.24,

AA.31

Land grant colleges, II.9, II.10, V.24

Landry, Lawrence, IV.35

Landry, Robert B., V.3

“Last Hired, First Fired: Layoffs and

Civil Rights,” II.226

Latimer, A. C., IV.6

Lau, Kinney Kinmon, IV.129, IV.132

Law schools, integration of, IV.7, IV.18,

IV.124

Lawrence W. Baggett, et al. v. Dorothy

Bullitt, et al., IV.3

Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights

Under Law, II.40.7, V.37, AB.1.5,

AB.7.96

Leadership Conference on Civil Rights,

1966, II.146.2

“Leading Civil Rights Cases,” II.66

Leahy, Paul, IV.115

362
 
   

     

         

   

     

   

       

   

     

         

         

         

         

         

     

   

           

         

             

   

     

   

     

     

     

         

         

     

   

   

         

           

       

     

   

   

   

   

   

     

       

       

   

   

   

     

   

       

       

   

       

   

   

   

     

   

   

     

   

   

     

     

       

     

       

     

Lee, Bernard, IV.12

Lee, Emma Jane, IV.96

Lee, et al. v. Macon County Board of

Education, et al., II.60.1

Lee, Guey Heung, IV.131

Leesville, LA, II.103.5

Leflore County, MS, II.56.4, II.57.4,

AB.4.60, AB.4.62, AB.7.113

Leflore Theater, Greenwood, MS,

II.103.1

“Legacy of the Sixties, The,”V.89

Legal assistance, equal access to, II.200

Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974,

II.163

“Legal Services to the Poor,”V.89

“Legal System and Women Victims of

Domestic Violence, The,” II.205

Leland, Mickey, II.183

Leslie Teylor and Kevin Taylor, et al. v.

the Board of Education of New

Rochelle, IV.112

Let the Word Go Forth, by Theodore C.

Sorensen, V.46

Leva, Marx, V.8.34

Levin, Ivan E., II.230

Lewis, John, IV.14

Lewis, Woodrow T., IV.8

Lexington County, KY, II.220

Liberia, Republic of, IV.111

Library of Congress, civil rights project

reports, II.204

Liddill v. Board of Education, City of St.

Louis, II.205

Lightfoot, Phil M., IV.21

Lincoln, Evelyn, V.30

Lindh, Patricia, V.101

Little Rock, AR, II.62, II.63, II.162.4,

V.9, V.10, V.11, V.12, V.14, V.15, V.18,

V.19, V.22, V.24, V.25, V.26

Littlejohn, Roy, II.217, II.218

Liuzzo, Viola, II.66

Lloyd, David, V.5.5

Locker, Jesse, V.15

Lockheed Corporation, II.34, II.206

Loeb, James, V.8.35

Logan, Henry Lee, II.56.4

Long, Gillis W., III.5, III.14.2

Long Beach Police Department (CA),

II.86.2

Longoria, Felix, V.61

Longshoremen’s Harbor Workers’

Compensation Act, II.136

Lord, Joseph, III, IV.118

Lord, Walter, V.43

Los Angeles, CA, II.86.2, II.125,

II.146.5, II.208, II.209, V.64, V.80,

V.81

Louchheim, Katie, V.8.36

Louisiana, II.200

Ku Klux Klan in, II.99.6

school desegregation in, AB.1.69,

AB.1.70, AB.1.71, AB.5.114,

AB.5.127

trade schools, AB.1.69

voter registration problems, II.84.1,

II.204, II.227, AB.4.48

Louisville, KY, II.200

Lowndes County, AL, II.67

Loyalty oaths, IV.3

Loyalty programs, II.192

Lucas, Robert, IV.35, IV.36

Lucy, Autherine, II.56.1, V.11

Lunch counters, desegregation of, II.32

Lynchburg, VA, II.64, IV.125

Lynchings, II.62, II.65, II.82, V.4.1,

V.5.1, V.6.8, AA.8, AA.14

363
 
       

   

   

   

       

   

     

     

     

   

   

       

     

   

     

       

       

   

   

     

     

     

     

   

       

     

       

   

     

       

   

   

     

     

   

   

   

     

       

     

   

     

   

   

   

     

     

     

       

     

     

   

   

   

       

     

   

   

         

     

         

Lyndon B. Johnson Library, V.57–89

Lyons, Eugene, V.13

Ma­Chu­Nah­Zha (Standing Bear),

IV.98

McComb, MS, AB.6.85

Macon County, AL, II.60.1, II.219

Macy, John, V.69

Maddox, Lester G., IV.8

Madison County, AL, AB.5.115

Malcolm X, IV.36, IV.133

Mallory, Hugh, II.59.2

“Management Problems and

Government Procurement Policy,”

II.126

Management Review of the Equal

Employment Opportunity

Commission, II.37

Mann, Theophilus M., IV.41

Manpower Administration, II.131

Manpower Development and Training

Act, II.124, II.207, II.224

March on Washington, 1963, IV.113,

AB.2.112

March on Washington, 1964, II.162.2

Mariana Islands, IV.71

Marianna, AR, II.99.3

Marinship Corporation, IV.134.1

Marion County Jail, Indianapolis, IN,

II.105.3

Marks, Leonard H., V.87.8

Marlin, David H., II.220

Marshall, Burke, II.64, V.44

Marshall, Ray, II.40.7

Marshall, Thurgood, II.56.1, IV.6, IV.22,

IV.101, IV.104, IV.116, IV.119,

IV.120, IV.124, IV.126, V.6.13, V.64

Martin, Louis, V.110

Martin Luther King, Jr. v. Mister

Maestro, Inc. & Twentieth CenturyFox Record Corporation, IV.113

Martindale, TX, Independent School

District, IV.92

Maryland, II.59.3, II.127, IV.73

Commission on Human Relations,

II.178.3

Employment Service, II.127

school desegregation in, IV.116

Massachusetts, II.27, II.40.9

Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Joint Center for Urban Studies,

II.146.2

Mathews, Zeke T., II.57.3

Matson, Patti, V.107

Matthews, Francis P., V.6.9

McClelland, Ellis, IV.37

McClelland, Lelia, IV.37

McClinton, Eddie, II.67

McCloy, John J., V.16

McGrath, J. Howard, V.6.8

McGuire, Marie C., V.51

McIntyre, James T., Jr., II.40.3

McKenna, Margaret A., V.112

McLaughlin, Helen L., II.58.2

McNamara, Robert, IV.123

McNamara, Thomas, II.154.8

McNamara­O’Hara Service Contract

Act, II.136

McNeil School District, AR, IV.86

McPhee, Henry R., V.22

McPherson, Harry, V.68

McShane, James, IV.63

“Media in Montana: Its Effects on

Minorities and Women,” II.200

Medical and hospital care, equal access

to, II.228

Medicare, AD.3

364
 
     

         

     

   

   

       

       

       

     

   

     

       

   

     

       

   

     

   

       

       

   

   

   

     

         

       

   

   

   

       

         

     

     

       

       

       

   

   

   

     

       

   

   

   

     

       

     

       

     

         

     

       

     

     

       

     

       

       

Meiszner, John C., IV.40

Memphis, TN, II.65, II.227, IV.12, IV.50

Mendez, Gonzalo, IV.101, IV.104

Mendez, et al. v. Westminster School

District, et al., IV.101

Mental patients at state institutions,

II.92.3, II.103.8

Meredith, James, II.162.1, II.233, II.236,

IV.15, IV.63, IV.75, AB.1.12, AB.1.23

Meredith v. Fair, IV.15, AB.1.12

Meridian, MS, II.64

Merit System Protection Board,

Records of the (RG 479), AD.8

Mexican American Education

Conference, II.178.5

Mexican Americans, II.145.24, II.165,

II.206, II.208, II.209, IV.101, IV.104,

V.28, V.61

Mexicana Airlines, IV.60

Mexicans, V.28

Miami, FL, II.205, AB.7.104

Michie, Thomas, IV.125

Michigan, II.18, II.40.9, II.209, IV.4,

IV.55, IV.56, IV.57, IV.61, IV.74

Michigan Historical Collections,

Bentley Library, V.99

Migrant workers, V.6.14

and allegations of involuntary

servitude, II.92.1

education of the children of, II.28

Federal approaches to the problems

of, II.141, V.28
 

housing for, IV.62
 

Latin American, II.90
 

Mexican, II.90
 

Military Operations, Office of the

Deputy Chief of Staff (Army) for,

II.162

Military personnel

African American, IV.114, IV.134.2,

V.6.10, V.7.2, V.17, AD.4

discrimination in the education of

the children of, II.63, IV.123,

V.6.10

discrimination in the promotion of,

IV.114

equal housing opportunity, II.209,

IV.123, IV.134.2

Navy, IV.114, IV.134.2

Miller, Kevin, II.86.4

Milliken v. Bradley, II.40.6, II.200

“Milliken v. Bradley: The Implications

for Metropolitan Desegregation,”

II.40.6, II.200

Mills, Walter, IV.116

Milwaukee, WI, II.86.3

Milwaukee Road, IV.60

Minneapolis, MN, II.86.6, II.217

Minnesota, II.200, IV.55, IV.56, IV.58

Minnich, L. Arthur, V.14

Minorities and Women in Public

Elementary and Secondary Schools,

AC.12

Minorities and Women in State and

Local Government, AC.12

Minorities and Women’s Program,

II.197

Minority businesses, II.30, II.32, II.33,

II.35, II.178.1, V.98, V.106

Mississippi, II.18, II.56.4, II.56.5,

II.57.4, II.111, IV.75, V.43, V.44,

AB.7.113, AB.7.117

Freedom Riders in, II.62

Ku Klux Klan in, II.99.6

racial violence in, II.230, III.5,

III.13.6

365
 
   

     

       

     

       

     

     

       

     

   

     

   

         

   

   

     

       

   

     

     

       

     

     

   

   

     

     

       

   

     

     

     

         

   

     

   

           

     

   

       

       

   

   

     

   

       

   

       

   

     

   

   

       

     

   

   

   

     

     

         

   

   

     

   

     

   

school desegregation in, II.201,

II.233, IV.75, AB.5.115, AB.5.116

state anti­civil rights legislation, II.64

statewide education study, II.168.7

and voting rights, II.67, II.227,

II.233, AB.4.45, AB.4.60, AB.4.62

Mississippi, University of, II.162,1,

II.233, II.236, IV.15, IV.63, IV.75,

V.56, AB.1.8, AB.1.12, AB.1.23–28,

AB.1.29, AB.1.34–35, AB.7.118

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party,

II.64, V.87.5

Mississippi v. Lynch, AB.1.29

Missouri, II.18, II.27, IV.4, IV.61, IV.93,

IV.94, IV.95, IV.96

Mister Maestro, IV.113

Mitchell, Clarence, II.40.3, V.84

Mitchell, James P., V.19, V.23

Mitchell, John, V.96

Mitchell, Martha (Bunny), V.111

Mitchell, William Murray, II.84.2

Mob violence, legislation regarding, II.62

Mobile County, AL, AB.5.114

Monroe, NC, Mayor’s Better

Citizenship Committee, II.202

Monrovia, CA, II.91

Montana, II.200

Montebello Community Association, et

al. v. Morris Goldseker, et al., IV.117

Montgomery, AL, II.64, II.65, II.168.6,

II.219, IV.13, AB.6.89

Montgomery County, AL, AB.4.43

Montgomery County, MD, II.64

Montgomery Improvement

Association, IV.13

Monthly Labor Review, V.53

Monthly Report on the Labor Force,

V.53

Moore, Winston, IV.39

Morgan, Gerald D., V.24

Morgan, Tallulah, IV.23

Morrill Act of 1862, II.10, V.24, AA.31

Morris, H. Graham, V.8.37

Morris, Stanley, IV.63

Morrison, Pless Leonard, Jr., II.58.1

Morrow, E. Frederic, V.18, V.25

Morton L. Zaslasvsky v. Congress of

Racial Equality, IV.32

Mosteller, Frederick, II.125

Motley, Constance Baker, IV.6

Motorola, Inc., IV.60

Mount Mary Baptist Church, Terrell

County, GA, AB.7.104

Mount Olive Baptist Church, Terrell

County, GA, AB.7.104

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, II.125,

II.146.2

Muhammad, Elijah, IV.133

Murfreesboro, TN, II.89.1

Murphy, Charles S., V.5.6, V.8.38

Murphy, Morgan F., IV.41

Muskie, Edmund, V.37

Muslims, discrimination against in

prison, IV.133

NAACP (See National Association for

the Advancement of Colored People)

Nash, Philleo, V.5.7, V.6.10

“Nation of Islam October 1960, The,”

V.12

National Advisory Commission on

Civil Disorders (Kerner

Commission), II.37, II.39, V.86

National Affirmative Action

Monitoring Project (1980), II.40.7

National Anti­Violent Crime Initiative,

IV.82

366
 
     

     

     

         

     

     

   

     

   

     

       

   

   

   

     

       

     

   

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

   

   

       

   

       

   

     

   

           

           

       

         

       

     

   

       

     

   

     

         

         

   

       

     

     

       

National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP), II.40.5, II.165, II.217,

V.6.3, V.6.11, V.6.13, V.12, V.25, V.111

addresses to conferences, II.145.12

Chicago Branch, IV.35, IV.52

Chicago Metropolitan Council, IV.40

and the Commerce Department,

II.32

conferences, II.168.2, II.168.4,

II.178.2, II.178.3, II.178.5, V.4.1,

V.4.2, V.6.7

court cases, IV.18, IV.22, IV.104

and equal employment opportunity,

II.40.5, II.122

and housing discrimination,

II.145.4, II.145.6, II.145.18,

II.145.29, II.146.3, II.147, II.149.1,

II.149.2

Legal Defense Fund, IV.6, IV.126

national conference on Negro

employment, II.124

publications, II.65

and school desegregation plans,

II.103.3, IV.6, IV.126, IV.131

violence against members, II.99.7

and voting rights, II.227

National Association of Black

Managers, V.111

National Bar Association, II.168.4

National Black Policemen Association,

II.40.5

National Center for Educational

Statistics, AD.2

National Commission on the Causes

and Prevention of Violence

(Eisenhower Commission), II.38,

V.86

National Committee against

Discrimination in Housing,

II.145.30, II.146.3

National Conference of Christians and

Jews, II.178.2, II.178.5

National Conference on Black Power,

1967, II.164, II.168.2

National Conference on Physical

Fitness, II.5, II.6

National Conference on Title VI of the

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1965, II.224

National Council of Negro Women,

II.147, V.5.5

National Council of the Churches of

Christ, V.16

National Defense Education Act, AA.31

Title IV, II.4, II.29

Title VIII, II.207

National educational policy, II.3, II.6,

II.8, II.28, II.193, II.194

National Employment Association,

II.178.3

National Guard

segregation in, V.6.5

troops used in Birmingham, AL,

II.162.3
 

troops used in Little Rock, AR,
 

II.162.4

troops used in Oxford, MS, II.162.1

National Historical Publications

Commission, V.95

National Institute of Education, II.1,

II.7, II.196–197

National Intergroup Relations Officials

conference, II.224

National Labor Relations Board,

AB.7.91

National League of Cities, II.146.3

367
 
   

   

     

         

     

     

       

       

       

     

   

   

   

     

       

   

   

       

     

     

     

       

   

     

       

       

   

         

     

     

     

         

       

     

     

     

   

   

     

     

     

     

     

     

   

   

   

     

       

     

   

     

       

     

         

     

National Newspaper Publishers

Association, II.165

National Organization for Women,

II.176

National Railroad Adjustment Board,

IV.54

National School Lunch Act of 1946,

II.229

National Security Council, V.12

National Survey of Vocational

Education and Guidance of Negroes,

II.14–18

National Technical Institute for the

Deaf, II.194

National Urban League, II.3, II.15,

II.40.5, II.165, II.217, V.25

conferences, II.168.3, II.178.2,

II.178.5

and equal employment opportunity,

II.40.5, II.122

and housing discrimination,

II.145.6, II.145.19, II.146.3, II.147,

II.149.1, II.149.2

publications, II.205

National Voter Registration Act, II.50

National Voter Registration

Administration (proposed), II.67

Native American Task Force, II.178.1

Native Americans, II.200, V.100

and allegations of involuntary

servitude, II.92.5

businessmen, II.33

discrimination against in public

accommodations, II.58.2

education of, II.8, II.28, II.208

housing for, IV.62

as migratory workers, V.28

transported against their will, IV.98

uprisings on the Pine Ridge

Reservation, IV.77

voting rights, IV.99

Naval air stations, racial issues at,

IV.134.2

Naval Districts and Shore

Establishments, Records of (RG

181), IV.114

Navarro, Benjamin Robert, II.92.4

Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, II.89,

II.91

Nebraska, II.27, II.200, IV.56, IV.98

Negro History Month, II.145.31

Negro History Week, V.25

Negro Middle Class Women’s

Conference, 1968, II.168.3

“Negro Protest Demonstrations/Racial

Matters” (FBI report), II.65

Neighborhood Youth Corps, II.131,

II.166

Neighborhood youth programs, II.131,

II.141

Nelson, Ann Elizabeth, IV.46

Nelson, Robert G., IV.131

Neshoba County, MS, II.56.5

Nessen, Ron, V.102

Neustadt, Richard, V.41

Nevada, IV.134, IV.135

Nevada County, AR, II.60.2

New England EEOC Conference, II.177

“New Evidence on School

Desegregation,” II.234

New Hampshire, II.97.2

New Jersey, II.18, II.40.9

New Kent County, VA, IV.122

New Mexico, II.101, AD.7.1

New Orleans, LA, II.64, II.86.1, II.99.5,

II.99.9, AB.1.71, AB.2.122, AB.6.90

368
 
   

   

     

     

     

     

   

     

   

     

       

     

     

     

     

         

   

   

     

       

   

   

     

       

   

       

       

     

     

       

   

       

   

   

         

     

     

     

   

     

   

     

         

       

       

       

       

     

         

     

   

   

           

     

     

     

     

           

     

       

   

   

City Planning Commission, II.168.8

School Board, IV.88

“New Perspectives,” AC.11

New Rochelle, NY, IV.112

New York, II.18, II.103.6

New York City, II.217

Chamber of Commerce, II.178.3

EEO programs, II.178.2

Police Department, II.89.2

New York University, II.224

Newark, NJ, V.64

Newport News, VA, IV.119

Nichols, Alan H., IV.129, IV.132

Nichols, Franklin O., II.15

Nichols, Samuel, IV.94, IV.95

Niles, David K., V.6.11

Nix, Jack P., IV.10

Nixon, Richard, II.33, II.125, V.91, V.92,

V.95, V.96

Nixon, Robert, V.8.38

Nixon administration, and housing,

II.148

Nixon Presidential Materials Staff,

V.90–96

Nolan, Mary F., II.44, II.45

Non Appropriated Funds

Instrumentalities Act, II.136

Norfolk, VA, IV.120

Norman, David L., II.67

North Carolina, II.58, II.168.4, II.200

school desegregation plans, II.62,

IV.17

and voting rights, II.67, II.84.3,

II.227

North Dakota, II.58.2, II.200, IV.56

Northampton County, NC, II.84.3

Northcross, Deborah A., IV.50

Northrup, James Warren, Jr., II.92.5

Northwestern University, II.208

Norton, Eleanor Holmes, II.40.3, II.205

Norton v. McShane, et al., AB.1.29

Nunez, Louis, II.201

Oak Grove school district, AR, II.60.2,

IV.87

Oak Ridge, TN, II.228

Office of Economic Opportunity, II.39,

II.163, II.164–168, IV.62, IV.135,

V.72, V.87.1, V.87.6

Office of Education Appropriations

Acts, II.24, II.25

Office of Equal Opportunity, II.145.25

Office of Management and Budget, and

enforcement of civil rights laws,

II.40.8

Office of Management and Budget,

Records of the (RG 51), II.36–41

Office of Minority Business Enterprise

(OMBE), II.33

Office of Personnel Management,

II.117, II.118

Ohio, II.18, II.200, IV.55, IV.56, IV.57,

IV.58, IV.61

Okeke, Joseph Ndubizu, AB.7.101

O’Kennard, Martha, IV.35

Oklahoma, II.40.9, IV.98

Oliphant, et al. v. BLF & E, et al., IV.49

Oliver Brown, et al. v. Board of

Education of Topeka, Shawnee
 

County, Kansas, et al., IV.97
 

Omaha, NE, IV.98, IV.99

Omaha Herald, IV.98

“Open City: the Federal Attack on the

Urban Ghetto, The,” II.67

Operating Engineers Local 302, IV.5

Operation “Arkansas,” II.162.4

Operation Breadbasket, II.168.8

369
 
   

     

     

     

   

     

   

       

   

           

     

       

       

       

         

   

   

       

     

   

       

         

     

           

     

     

   

       

     

   

       

   

     

     

             

     

     

   

     

   

   

     

   

     

   

   

   

   

   

     

       

       

         

         

   

       

       

   

     

       

     

   

       

     

Operation EXCEL, II.5

Operation Garden Plot, V.71

Operation “Oak Tree,” II.162.3

Operation “Palm Tree,” II.162.3

Operation Push, II.186

Operation “Steep Hill,” II.162.2

Orange, James, IV.12

Orange County, CA, IV.101, IV.104

Orangeburg, SC, II.58.3

Ordnance, Records of the Office of the

Chief of (RG 156), IV.58

Ordnance plants and depots, IV.58

Oregon, II.200, IV.76, IV.134, IV.135

Orphans Court of Philadelphia County,

PA, IV.118

Otis Gerst, Mable Gerst and Lillie

Barnett v. Pennsylvania Railroad and

Southern Railway System, IV.110

“Our Struggle: The Story of

Montgomery,” by Martin Luther

King, Jr., II.65

Oxford, MS, II.162.1, II.236, IV.15,

AB.1.16

P. C. Corbin v. the County School Board

of Pulaski County, Virginia, IV.126

P. F. Collier and Son, Inc., II.61.1

Pacific Coast Labor Conference,

II.178.3

Pacific Trust Territory, IV.135

Palacios, TX, II.92.2

Pan American World Airways, Inc.,

IV.109

Panama Canal Company, II.118.3

Panzer, Frederick, V.68

Parker, Mack Charles, II.62, II.65

Parks, Rosa, IV.13

Parsons, Richard D., V.103

Paschen Contractors, Inc., IV.30

Past That Would Not Die, The, by Walter

Lord, V.43

Patel, Marilyn Hall, IV.130

Patterson, Bradley, Jr., V.90

Patterson, Fred, V.20

Patterson, Thomas T., IV.107

Pearson, Drew, V.87.9

Pearson v. Murray, IV.124

Pemiscot County, MO, II.220

Penn, Lemuel, II.66

Pennsylvania, II.18, II.40.9, II.92.3,

IV.118

Pennsylvania Human Relations

Committee, II.217

Pennsylvania Public Accommodations

Act, IV.118

Pennsylvania Railroad, IV.110

Pentacle, The, IV.65

Pepsi Cola, II.34

Perkins, Frances, II.122

Perlman, Philip B., V.3

Perry, Lowell W., II.178.2, II.178.5

Perry Hansberry vs. Franklin D.

Roosevelt, Commander in Chief of the

U.S. Army and Navy, et al., IV.25

Personnel Management, Records of

the Office of (RG 478), AC.13

“Perspectives,” AC.11

Peter Kiewil Sons’ Co., IV.30

Petersburg, VA, II.65

Peterson, Roland Daryle, II.86.2

Philadelphia, PA, II.86.5, II.92.3, II.217,

II.228, IV.118

Philadelphia (PA) Police Department,

II.86.5

Philadelphia Plan, II.125

Pickrick Restaurant, Atlanta, GA, IV.8

Pierce, Samuel, Jr., V.15

370
 
       

       

     

   

       

         

   

     

     

   

     

       

       

     

     

   

       

   

     

         

   

       

   

     

       

     

         

         

   

     

   

       

       

   

     

           

   

   

         

   

     

   

         

     

       

   

   

   

       

   

         

   

     

         

     

       

     

   

     

   

     

   

Pine Bluff, AR, II.224, II.229
 

Pine Ridge Reservation, II.86.6, II.92.5,
 

IV.77

Pirk, Leslie M., II.86.3

Pitcher, Alvin, IV.37

Pittsburgh, PA, II.99.4, II.125, II.230

Plans for Progress, II.32, II.34, II.123,

II.126, II.127, II.154

Plaquemine Parish, LA, AB.2.122

Playboy Enterprises, Inc., IV.42

Plessy v. Ferguson, II.125

Plumbers Local 32, IV.5

Police

allegations of brutality by, II.56,

II.66, II.70, II.71, II.84.6, II.86,

II.86.1, II.86.2, II.86.4, II.86.5,

II.86.6, II.89.1, II.217, II.218,

IV.19, AB.2.110, AB.7.101

civil unrest pursuant to misconduct

by, II.108.1

FBI responsibility for investigating
 

misconduct by, II.75, II.84.6
 

rules of conduct and discipline for,
 

II.217, II.234

training for, II.217

“Police, Law Enforcement, and the

Detroit Community,” II.217

Police­community relations, II.204,

II.208, II.217, II.218, II.228

“Police Community Relations in San

Jose, CA,” II.204, II.234

“Politics of Street Revolution, The,” II.209

Poll taxes, II.66, V.4.1, V.6.2, V.6.8

Pomona, CA, II.206

Pomona Park, FL, II.92.1

Ponca Indians, IV.98

Poor People’s Campaign, II.20, II.164,

V.75

Poor People’s March, 1966, II.146.4

Poplarville, MS, II.65

Poppleton, A. J., IV.98

“Population (Total and Negro) of the 25

Largest Metropolitan Areas,” II.126

Portland, OR, II.205

“Position of Judge Haysworth in Civil

Rights Cases,” II.125

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.,

V.6.11,II.168.9, V.11, V.62

Powell, John H., Jr., II.178.1, II.178.2,

II.178.5

Prairie View A&M, II.10

Prairie View State Normal and

Industrial College, II.10

Presidential appointments, V.49, V.64,

V.69, V.101, AB.9.49

Presidential campaigns

1948, V.5.7, V.6.5, V.8.9, V.8.39

1952, V.25, V.55

1960, V.29, V.33, V.55, V.60, V.87.5

1964, V.35, V.87.5

1968, V.87.5

1972, V.37, V.96, V.106

1976, V.104

Presidential Papers of John F. Kennedy,

V.30–31

Presidential Recordings and Materials

Preservation Act of 1974, V.92

President’s Advisory Committee on

Labor­Management Policy, II.123,

II.124, II.126

President’s Cabinet Committee on

School Desegregation, II.125

President’s Commission on Law

Enforcement and the Administration

of Justice (Katzenbach

Commission), V.86

371
 
     

   

       

         

     

       

         

     

     

       

   

     

   

       

     

     

     

       

     

       

   

       

       

       

       

       

     

     

     

     

     

       

     

   

     

     

     

       

     

   

   

     

         

         

     

       

     

       

     

       

       

       

       

           

     

President’s Commission on the Status

of Women, V.54

President’s Committee on Civil Rights,

I.2, V.4.1, V.6.9, V.6.11, V.7.1, V.8.9,

V.8.14

President’s Committee on Equal

Employment Opportunity, II.34,

II.127, II.153–154, V.57, V.63, AC.9

and the Department of Housing and

Urban Development, II.145.26,

II.145.35

Fair Housing Ordinances, II.145.15

and the Federal Aviation

Administration, II.159
 

and the Home Finance Agency,
 

II.145.8

and housing, II.145.15

Labor Advisory Council, II.154,

II.154.8

staff meetings, II.126

Subcommittee on Civil Rights, II.123

vice chairman’s records, II.123,

II.124

President’s Committee on Equal

Opportunity, AC.9

President’s Committee on Equal

Opportunity in Housing, II.37, V.86,

AB.1.6

President’s Committee on Equal

Opportunity in the Armed Forces,

V.86, AB.1.5, AC.9

President’s Committee on Equal Rights

in the Armed Forces, II.145.10

President’s Committee on Equality of

Treatment and Opportunity in the

Armed Services, V.2, V.4.1, V.7.2,

V.8.32

President’s Committee on Fair

Employment Practice, II.122, II.133,

IV.134, V.4.1, V.6.1, V.6.10

President’s Committee on Government

Contract Compliance, II.133–135,

V.4.1

President’s Committee on Government

Contracts, II.133, V.13, V.23, V.27

President’s Committee on Migratory

Labor, V.28, V.53

President’s Committee on Urban

Housing, V.86

President’s Committee on Youth

Employment, II.129

President’s Reorganization Plan No. 1

of 1978, II.40.1, II.40.2, II.40.3,

II.40.4, II.40.5, II.40.6, II.40.7

President’s Temporary Commission on

Employee Loyalty, V.8.42

Price, Cecil Ray, II.56.5

Primary elections, right to vote in,

II.84.2, II.84.3

Prince Edward County, VA, II.5, II.62,

II.125, IV.97, IV.121, AB.5.105

Prince Edward Free School Association,

AB.5.108

Prince George, VA, II.219

Prince George County, VA, IV.123,

AB.5.116

Prison conditions, II.90, II.200

Prisoners, allegations of physical abuse

of, II.84.5, II.86, II.86.3, II.86.4,

AB.2.110

Prisoners of war, German, IV.59

Prisons, Bureau of, V.52, AB.1.33

Prisons, Records of the Bureau of (RG

129), IV.133

Progress Vocational Guidance Institute,

II.34

372
 
         

     

     

         

         

     

   

     

       

     

         

     

     

     

     

     

   

     

       

   

   

       

   

     

       

   

     

   

   

       

     

     

           

     

         

         

     

   

         

     

       

       

       

     

     

     

         

   

         

   

       

       

       

       

           

     

       

   

   

     

     

     

“Proposals for Executive Action to End

Federally Supported Segregation and

Other Forms of Racial

Discrimination,” II.32

“Prospects and Impact of Losing State

and Local Agencies from the Federal

Fair Housing System,” II.234

Prostitution, II.92.2, II.92.4

Provisional Committee to Organize

Colored Locomotive Firemen, et al. v.

The Brotherhood of Locomotive

Firemen and Enginemen, et al., The,

IV.33, IV.48

Psychological Strategy Board, V.5.1

Public facilities and accommodations

court cases demanding equal

treatment at, IV.105, IV.106,

IV.107, IV.108, IV.109, IV.110,

IV.118, AB.6.85, AB.6.87–89

desegregation of, II.58–59, II.66,

II.70, II.71, II.224, IV.8, IV.11,

IV.13, AB.6.85, AB.6.87–89

enforcement of anti­discrimination

laws regarding, II.55, II.58, II.65,

AA.27, AA.38

FBI investigations of discrimination,

II.102, II.103, II.103.1, II.103.5,

II.104

investigations of complaints of racial

discrimination, II.115, II.116,

IV.102

religious discrimination, II.102

Public Health Service, V.50

Public Housing Administration,

II.142–143, V.51

Public Housing Administration,

Records of the (RG 196), II.142–143

Public Law 503, IV.130

Public libraries, segregated, II.65

Public opinion, and the Federal role in

school integration, II.162.1, II.162.4

Public Papers of the Presidents, V.95

Public Works Acceleration Act of 1962,

II.207

Puerto Ricans, V.28, AD.7.1

Puerto Rico, IV.72

Puget Sound Navy Yard, WA, IV.134.2

Pulaski County, VA, IV.126

Pupil Placement Board of Petersburg

and Prince George County, VA,

IV.123

Pupil Placement Board of the

Commonwealth of Virginia, IV.125

Putnam, Carleton, V.20, V.24

Quartermaster General, Records of

the Office of the (RG 92), IV.59

Quinn, Robert, IV.37

Raby, Albert A., IV.35, IV.36, IV.37,

IV.39

Raby, Atricia, IV.37

Race and Education Conference, II.215

Race relations, V.6.3, V.6.10, V.25

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s views on,

V.9, V.11

reports on, II.205, II.215, II.217

Race riots, V.4.1, V.6.2, V.10, V.64, V.75,

V.87.2, V.87.4, V.87.7, AB.1.16

“Racial and Ethnic Tensions in

American Communities: Poverty,

Inequality, and Discrimination—A

National Perspective,” II.234

Racial discrimination

congressional hearings on, AA.3,

AA.7, AA.16, AA.24, AA.25,

AA.26, AA.29, AA.30, AA.31,

AA.38, AA.39

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and foreign diplomats, II.32

in services to black rural and farm

residents, II.227

“Racial Discrimination in Health

Services, Facilities, and Programs,”

II.228

Racial violence, II.37, AA.34, AA.39

Racine, WI, II.92.4

Radcliffe College, II.197

Rahn, Muriel, IV.105

Railroads, IV.24, IV.33, IV.54, IV.105,

IV.106, IV.107, IV.108, IV.110

Railway Labor Act, IV.33

Raines, James Griggs, V.26

Raleigh, NC, II.67

RAND Corporation, II.200

Rast, Edward L., AB.7.101

Ray, James, Earl, II.87

“Recent Trends in Black Banking,” by

Andrew Brimmer, II.33

Redditt, Ed, II.87

Redwood Motel and Restaurant,

Leesville, LA, II.103.5

Reedy, George, V.59, V.63, V.68

Refugee camps

for Cubans and Latinos in Florida,

IV.70

for Vietnamese, IV.72

Regional educational interstate

compact, AA.23

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, II.138

Reid, Curtis, II.58.1

Reid, Ira De A., II.15

“Relationship with the Maryland

Employment Service,” II.127

Religious discrimination by public

facilities and accommodations,

II.102

Religious freedom, enforcement of laws

protecting, II.55

Renault Robinson and the AfroAmerican Patrolmen’s League v. James

B. Conlisk, Jr., the City of Chicago, et

al., IV.41

Reorganization Act of 1977, II.40.2

Report of the Commission on Civil

Rights (1977), II.40.5

“Report on Police Practices,” II.234

“Report to Federal District Court

Regarding Elementary School

Desegregation,” from the San

Francisco Unified School District,

IV.128

Republic of New Africa, II.99.5

Republican Party, role of African

Americans in, V.106

Reverse discrimination, II.185, II.226

Reviewing a Decade of School

Desegregation 1966–75: Report of a

National Survey of School

Superintendents, AD.7.2

Rice, Clay, IV.22
 

Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library,
 

II.206

Richland County, SC, IV.22

Richmond, VA, II.64, II.67, II.97.3

Riddick, G. E., IV.35

Riley, Sam, IV.35

Roach, Neale, V.8.40

Roanoke, VA, II.64

Robert Kennedy and His Times, by

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., V.45

Roberts, Andrew, II.92.6

Roberts, Oral, II.185

Robinson, et al. v. Willisville School

District, et al., IV.87

374
 
     

     

   

     

   

       

       

     

           

         

       

         

   

         

     

     

       

       

     

     

     

   

     

       

   

   

     

     

         

   

   

   

     

       

         

       

   

     

       

     

     

       

       

       

     

   

     

   

   

     

     

       

   

     

   

         

   

         

         

   

         

     

     

     

   

     

     

     

   

Robinson, Jackie, V.11, V.23

Robinson, James H., II.16

Robinson, Renault, IV.41

Robinson, Spottswood, IV.126, AA.21

Rochester, NY, II.233

Rockefeller, John D., Jr., V.20

Rogers, William P., II.63, V.26

Rogerson, Howard W., II.206

Ronald L. Todd and Michael Cochran, by

his parents and next friends, Ulysses

Cochran and Patricia Cochran, and

James Hill v. Joint Apprenticeship

Committee of the Steel Workers of

Chicago, et al., IV.30

Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., II.172, II.177

Rose, Mrs. Donald, IV.37

Rosenman, Samuel L., V.6.12

Ross, et al. v. Echels, et al., IV.91

Ross, et al. v. Rogers, et al., IV.91

Rostow, Walt W., V.71

Roth, Barry N., V.105

Rowan, Carl T., V.15

Rucker, Clifford, II.32

Ruel Daggs v. Elihu Frazier, et al., IV.93

Runyan, et al. v. McNeil School District,

et al., IV.86

Rusk, Dean, II.65

Rusk, TX, II.103.8

Russell, Christopher H., V.14

Rustin, Bayard, IV.105, IV.106

Ruth Wyatt v. Transcontinental &

Western Air, IV.102

Ryan, Joseph M. F., Jr., II.63

Sacramento Area Economic

Opportunity Council, IV.135

Safir, Howard, IV.66

St. Augustine, FL, II.230

St. John Parish, LA, II.84.1

St. Louis, MO, II.205, II.215, II.217

St. Louis [MO] Engineer Supply

Control office, II.123

“Sample Study of Employment in

Grades 5 through 18,” II.123

San Antonio, TX, II.209

San Francisco, CA, II.217

San Francisco (CA) Unified School

District, IV.128, IV.129, IV.131, IV.132

San Jose, CA, II.204, II.234

Sands, M. C., II.103.7

Sanford, Mary, II.92.2

Santa Fe Railway, IV.24

Sartin, George, AB.7.101

Sartin, John, AB.7.101

Saunders, Robert W., II.168.6

Savannah, GA, II.217, II.224

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., V.45

Schmalzried v. Ford, V.105

Schmults, Edward C., II.46

Schoessling, Raymond, IV.41

School desegregation

in Arkansas, II.62, IV.68, IV.80, IV.84,

IV.85, IV.86, IV.87

in Atlanta, GA, IV.6, IV.10, V.112

in Boston, MA, II.200, II.204, IV.23,

V.16

in California, II.206

in Chicago, IL, II.6, IV.29, IV.31,

IV.34, IV.35, IV.51, IV.52

congressional hearings on, AA.25

court­ordered in Alabama, II.60.1,

AB.1.36, AB.5.114, AB.5.115,

AB.5.125

court­ordered in Boston, IV.23

court­ordered in Delaware, IV.115

court­ordered in Louisiana, AB.1.69,

AB.1.71, AB.5.114, AB.5.127

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court­ordered in Mississippi, IV.15,

AB.1.12, AB.1.23–28, AB.1.29,

AB.5.115, AB.5.116

court­ordered in San Francisco, CA,

IV.128

court­ordered in Virginia, IV.119,

IV.122, IV.125, AB.5.116

in Delaware, IV.115

in Denver, CO, II.206

and Dwight D. Eisenhower, V.9, V.10,

V.11, V.12, V.13, V.14, V.18, V.22,

V.24, V.25, V.26

Federal assistance to carry out court

orders for, V.93, V.96

in Florida, II.62

in Georgia, AB.5.127

in Houston, TX, II.103.3

intelligence regarding civil unrest

resulting from, II.99, II.99.8,

II.99.9

lawsuits to implement court­ordered

desegregation, II.56, II.60, IV.91,

IV.97, IV.126, IV.131

in Little Rock, AR, V.9, V.10, V.11,

V.12, V.14, V.15, V.18, V.19, V.22,

V.24, V.25, V.26

longitudinal study of, II.200

in Memphis, TN, IV.50

at military installations, II.227

in Mississippi, II.201

in North Carolina, II.62

proposed legislation regarding,

II.209

resistance to, II.62

in South Carolina, AB.5.127

statistics on, II.156.1, IV.128, AD.7.2

in Tampa, FL, II.206

in Tennessee, II.62

in Texas, II.62, AB.5.116

use of busing to integrate, II.233,

IV.17, IV.23, IV.122, V.93, V.96,

V.97, V.99, V.100, V.103, V.104

use of Federal troops to achieve, V.14

violence accompanying, II.56.1,

II.56.2, AA.25
 

in Virginia, II.62
 

in Wisconsin, IV.47
 

“School Desegregation in Berkeley,”

II.215

School Desegregation (in Various

Locations), publications, AC.11

School desegregation plans

acceptance of, II.4

Department of Justice assistance to

school boards in the preparation

of, II.60

freedom of choice plans, II.220,

IV.86, IV.87, IV.122

grade­a­year plans, II.103.3, IV.115,

IV.125

regional plans, II.25

in the South, II.4

status of, II.62, II.64, II.156.2, II.234,

V.22

School districts

assistance with desegregation,

II.19–27, II.29, AD.6

civil rights surveys, II.195, AD.2,

AD.6, AD.7.2

curriculum development, II.27

desegregation plans, II.4, II.5, II.6,

II.60, II.62, II.64, II.103.3,

II.156.2, II.195, II.220, II.234,

IV.86, IV.87, IV.115, IV.122,

IV.125, V.22

discrimination against Chinese376
 
     

     

       

     

     

   

       

         

       

     

     

   

       

   

       

     

     

   

       

     

   

     

   

     

     

     

   

     

   

   

     

     

         

     

   

       

         

   

   

         

   

   

       

       

         

     

   

   

   

     

         

     

     

   

     

   

     

       

       

   

   

speaking students, IV.129, IV.131,

IV.132

discrimination against students, II.8,

II.60.2, II.71, II.219, II.220, IV.9

effects of integration, II.215

employment discrimination, II.60,

II.218, IV.96, IV.116, IV.120,

AD.5.1, AD.5.7, AD.6

failure to comply with desegregation

guidelines, II.4

Federal aid to, II.20, II.21, II.22,

II.23, II.24, II.25, II.26, II.27,

II.28, II.29

intimidation of students, II.220

racial composition of, AD.2, AD.7.2

racial isolation, II.209

schools closed to avoid integration,

II.62, II.220, IV.121

segregation in northern and western

states, II.224, IV.112, AA.32

segregation of Hispanic children,

IV.90, IV.101, IV.104

statistics on, II.218, AD.2, AD.6,

AD.7.2

termination of Federal financial

assistance to, II.4

School Lunch Program, II.8

School Superintendents Survey, AD.7.2

Schultz, George P., II.125

Schwerner, Michael, II.56.5, II.66

Scott, Stanley S., V.106

Seals, Ivory, II.111

Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Equal

Employment Opportunity

Commission, IV.43

Segregation laws, V.19

Seidenberg, Jacob, V.27

Selective Service System, II.118.3

Selma, AL, II.64, II.219
 

Selma civil rights march, II.227, IV.14,
 

V.81

Seniority and equal employment

opportunity, II.178.2, II.180

Serial Set, III.10

“Service for All Citizens,” II.224

“Services and Their Relations with the

Community, The,” Defense

Department study, II.227

Sex discrimination

allegations of in the White House

Press Office, V.105

analyses of, II.176

in education, II.8, II.102, II.155,

V.103

in Federal programs, II.40.10, II.155,

II.205

in picking judges for boxing events,

II.182

Sexual harassment, II.226, AD.8.1

Shannon County Independent School

District, SD, II.27

Sharecroppers, II.90

Sharp, Monroe, IV.35

Sharpe, C. Melvin, IV.97

Sheet Metal Workers Local 99, IV.5

Shelby County, TN, II.229

Shoemaker, Donald C., AB.7.104

Shore, Arthur, AB.7.104

Shreveport, LA, AB.2.122, AB.6.85,

AB.6.89

Shriver, Sargent, II.39

Shull, Lynwood Lanier, IV.19

Shulman, Stephen H., II.126, II.176

Shuttlesworth, Fred L., II.56.1, II.56.2

Siciliano, Rocco, V.13

Siegel, Gerald, V.59

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Sierra Leone, II.32

Silver, Bert, II.222

Sit­ins, II.64, II.65

Skinner, Elliott P., V.87.10

Slavery or involuntary servitude

enforcement of laws prohibiting,

II.55, II.63, II.71, II.90, II.91, II.92

FBI responsibility for investigating

allegations of, II.75, II.77, II.90,

II.91, II.92, II.93, II.94

Slaves, IV.93

Slayton, William L., V.51

Small Business Act of 1958, II.207

Small Business Administration, II.166,

V.72, V.87.1

Smith, Howard, III.8

Smith Act, IV.4

Smythe, Hugh, V.87.10

Snyder, John, V.8.41

Social Indicators of Equality for

Minorities and Women, 1978,
 

AD.7.3
 

Social Security Administration,

Records of the (RG 47), AD.3

Social Security Survey, AD.3

“Some of the Many Voluntary

Programs to Aid Potential or Actual

Dropouts,” II.129

Sorensen, Theodore C., V.36.5, V.46

South Carolina, II.58.3, II.67 IV.22,

AB.5.127

South Carolina, University of, IV.18

South Carolina State College, II.58.3,

IV.18

South Carolina v. Katzenbach, II.67

South Dakota, II.27, II.86.6, II.200,

IV.56, IV.77

Southern A&M, II.10

Southern Christian Leadership

Conference (SCLC), II.59.2, II.164,

II.168.2, II.168.4, II.168.8, IV.12

Southern Christian Leadership

Foundation Advisory Board,

II.168.8

Southern Pacific Transportation

Company, II.187

Southern Railway Company, IV.105,

IV.106, IV.110

Southern Regional Council, II.65

Southern University, II.86.1

Sowela Trade School, LA, AB.1.69

Spanish­speaking Americans,

businessmen, II.33

Spencer, Charles Edward, AB.7.101

Spingarn, Stephen J., V.6.13, V.8.42

Spotlight, AC.13

Spotlight on Affirmative Employment

Programs, AC.13

Spottswood Thomas Bolling, et al. v. C.

Melvin Sharpe, et al., IV.97

Staats, Elmer, V.8.42

Standard Brands Company, II.103.4,

IV.60

Standing Bear, IV.98

Stanley, Murray, IV.94, IV.95

Stans, Maurice H., II.33

State, Department of, II.145.9, V.72

State and Local Government

Information Surveys, AD.5.6

State anti­civil rights legislation

Arkansas, II.65

Mississippi, II.64

State employment security agencies,

II.131

“State of Black America, 1980, The,” by

the National Urban League, II.204

378
 
         

   

   

         

     

   

   

   

       

   

   

   

     

   

           

     

     

   

   

       

     

       

   

     

     

     

       

   

       

         

     

   

     

     

       

   

   

   

     

         

     

   

       

       

           

         

         

         

   

         

   

     

   

     

       

         

         

   

   

     

   

       

       

State of the Law Regarding Southern

School Desegregation, The (memo),

II.125

Statesville, NC, II.58.1

“Status Report on Police Training in

Intergroup Relations and Workshops

on Community Responsibility in

Race Relations,” II.217

Steel industry, II.178.1

Steel Workers of Chicago, Joint

Apprenticeship Committee, IV.30

Stegall, Mildred, V.70

Stokes, Isaac, V.8.44

Stone, Delmar Eugene, AB.7.101

Stowe, David, V.6.14

Strong School District No. 83, AR, IV.85

Student busing, II.206, II.208

Student Non­Violent Coordinating

Committee (SNCC), II.57.3, II.57.4,

II.108, IV.35, AB.4.61

Student unrest, II.5

Students for a Democratic Society

(SDS), II.108

Sub­Cabinet Committee on Civil

Rights, AB.1.6

Sudan, II.32

Summer Jobs Program on Equal

Employment Opportunity, II.128

Sumter, GA, II.220

“Survey of Minority Group

Employment Patterns, City of

Minneapolis,” II.217

Survey on Career Advancement and

Workforce Diversity in the Federal

Workplace, 1993, AD.8.2

Survey Responses of Enlisted Men

About Race Relations in the U.S.

Army, AD.4

Swann, James E., IV.17

Swann vs. Charlotte­Mecklenburg Board

of Education, V.93

Swanson, Gregory Hayes, IV.124

Sweatt v. Painter, II.125, IV.124

Sweet Briar Institute v. Button,et al.,IV.127

Symington, Stuart, V.8.21

Synagogue bombings, V.13

Syracuse, NY, II.233

Tadlock Clearing House, AB.7.93

Taffindeer, Rear Admiral S. V., IV.134.2

Tallulah Morgan, et al. v. James W.

Hennigan, et al., IV.23

Tampa, FL, II.99.7, II.200, II.206

Task Force on Cities, II.39

Task Force on Civil Rights, 1968, II.39,

II.164

Task Force on Urban Affairs, II.39

Task Force Report on Education, II.39

Taylor, Hobart, Jr., II.154, II.154.6, V.68

Taylor, Kevin, IV.112

Taylor, William A., II.206, II.208, II.209

Teacher Corps, II.8

Teacher education, II.4, AA.2

Temple, Larry, V.87.4

Temporary Committees,

Commissions, and Boards, Records

of (RG 220), II.152–154, AC.9

Ten Blocks from the White House:

Anatomy of the Washington Riots of

1968, II.108.4

Tenant farmers, II.90

Tennessee, II.26, II.40.9

minority housing, II.145.24, V.21

school desegregation plans, II.62

and voting rights, II.227, IV.20

Terrell County, GA, II.57.3, AB.4.68,

AB.7.104

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Tesauro, Dominic, IV.30

Texas, II.18, V.58, V.61, V.87.4

Constitution, IV.89

food assistance programs, II.208

school desegregation, II.62,

IV.89–92, AB.5.116

Texas Southern University, II.26

Teylor, Leslie, IV.112

Theis, J. William, V.8.45

Thelma Bowe, et al. v. Colgate Palmolive

Company, IV.44, IV.53

Thomas, Clarence, II.183

Thomas, Jerry, II.47

Thomas T. Patterson v. Atlantic Coast

Line Railroad Co., IV.107

Thomasville, AL, II.60.1

Thompson, Orlando M., IV.111

Thompson­Ramo­Woolridge plant,

OH, II.123

Thomson, GA, II.103.2

Thousand Days, A, by Arthur M.

Schlesinger, Jr., V.45

Thurmond, Strom, III.9

Tibbles, Thomas H., IV.98

Tiffany, Gordon Maclean, AA.18

Till, Emmett Louis, II.56.4

Title List: A Preliminary and Partial

Listing of the Data Files in the

National Archives and Records

Administration, AD.1

“To Fulfill These Rights,” White House

Conference, II.145.18, II.165, II.228,

V.86

To Secure These Rights: The Report of

the President’s Committee on Civil

Rights, AC.9

Tobias, George, IV.111

Todd, Ronald L., IV.30

Top Ranked Boxing, Inc., II.182

Topeka, KS, IV.97

“Toward New Human Rights: The

Social Policies of the Kennedy and

Johnson

Administrations,”V.89

Training programs, equal opportunity

in, II.207, II.224, II.227, II.228, V.27

Transcontinental & Western Air, IV.102

Transportation. See also Public facilities

and accommodations.

desegregation of, IV.13

discrimination allegations, II.229,

V.52

restricted minority access to, II.219,

IV.24

Transportation, Department of,

II.170–171

Transportation, General Records of

the Department of (RG 398),

II.170–171

Travis, James, II.57.4

Travis County, TX, IV.92

Treasury, Department of the, equal

employment opportunity programs,

II.42–45

Treasury, General Records of the

Department of the (RG 56),

II.41–49

Treasury, Secretary of the, II.41

Trigg, Harold L., II.15

Trueblood, Jesse, II.86.6

Truman, Harry S.

civil rights speeches, V.4.2, V.5.2,

V.5.5, V.5.6, V.5.7, V.6.6, V.6.12,

V.8.14, AA.5

and desegregation of the Armed

Forces, IV.19, IV.123

380
 
         

       

   

       

         

       

     

   

   

     

   

     

       

     

   

       

     

     

   

     

       

   

     

   

       

       

       

       

       

     

       

           

     

     

     

     

     

       

     

       

       

     

     

       

       

     

   

   

     

     

     

     

         

   

papers as U.S. senator and vice

president, V.1

and the President’s Committee on

Civil Rights, I.2

and the President’s Committee on

Government Contract

Compliance, II.133

State of the Union messages to

Congress, I.2, V.6.5, AA.4, AA.5

Tubman, William, V.5, V.15

Tucker, Delores, II.67

Tucson, AZ, IV.135

Turner, J. C., V.8.46

Tuskegee, AL, IV.21

Tuskegee Institute, II.124, II.145.13

Twentieth Century­Fox Record

Corporation, IV.113

“Twenty Years after Brown,” II.234

UHURU, II.99.10

“Un­American Activities in Washington

State,” IV.3

Unemployment among minorities,

II.124, V.4.1

“Unfinished Business” exhibit at the

Brussels Trade Fair, V.11

Uniformed and Overseas Absentee

Voting Act, II.50

Union County, AR, IV.85

Union Programs for Fair Practices,

II.154

United Airlines, II.34

United Commission on Civil Rights,

II.167

United Nations, V.15

Commission on Human Rights,V.108

General Assembly, security for, IV.65

United Negro College Fund, II.3,

II.145.11, V.20

United Parcel Service (UPS), II.61.2

U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament

Agency, II.118.3

U.S.Atomic Energy Commission, II.118.3

U.S. Attorney General, IV.63, IV.64,

IV.81

U.S. Circuit Court for the District of

Nebraska, IV.98–99

U.S. Civil Service Commission,

II.117–119, II.178.2, V.49, V.69

bulletins, II.168.5

Community Review Program, IV.61

equal opportunity efforts, II.40.5

publications, AC.8

U.S. Civil Service Commission,

Records of the (RG 146), II.117–119,

IV.61, AC.8

U.S. Coast Guard, appointments, II.45

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, II.38,

II.198–234, V.13, V.16, V.26, V.37,

V.111, AB.1.5, AB.1.6, AD.7

Alabama State Advisory Committee,

II.209

Black Belt Survey, II.204, V.48

Census of Population and Housing,

Puerto Rican and Southwestern

Spanish

Surname Extracts, AD.7.1

conduct of Commissioners, II.201

conferences, II.224, II.233, II.234

congressional hearings related to,

AA.9, AA.11–22, AA.26, AA.28,

AA.29, AA.30, AA.31, AA.34,

AA.38, AA.39

and the Department of Housing and

Urban Development, II.145.1,

II.145.2, II.145.7, II.145.10,

II.145.24, II.145.34

381
 
         

   

   

   

     

   

       

     

   

   

     

       

         

       

   

         

       

   

     

     

     

     

     

     

       

         

   

       

       

     

       

       

       

       

     

       

     

   

     

     

   

   

   

   

       

           

   

   

   

   

     

   

draft report on the Department of

Defense, II.40.6

educational programs, II.156.2

hearings in Montgomery, AL,

II.168.6

and housing discrimination,

II.145.1, II.145.24

Michigan State Advisory Committee,

II.209

minority employees, II.118.3

newsletters, II.40.6

nominations to the, AA.17, AA.18,

AA.20, AA.21

Ohio State Advisory Committee,

II.228

publications, II.66, AC.11

questionnaires to government

agencies, II.37

Race and Education Conference,

II.215

Race and Education Project, II.209,

II.228

report on EEO efforts in Federal

agencies, II.40.5

report on the 1980 National

Affirmative Action Monitoring

Project, II.40.7

reports on the housing of nonwhite

populations in the United States,

II.145.2

resignation of Commissioners and

staff in 1972, II.206

State Advisory Committee Reports,

II.40.9

state advisory committees, II.198,

II.200, II.202, II.204, II.209,

II.220, II.224, II.232, II.234

Utah Advisory Committee, II.205

United States Commission on Civil

Rights, Records of the (RG 453),

II.198–235, AC.11, AD.7

United States Commission on Civil

Rights Act of 1983, II.198

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

Report on Ghettoes, 1967, II.164

U.S. Conference of Mayors, II.40.5

U.S. Congress

civil rights activities during 1977,

II.40.4

hearings on Reorganization Plan No.

1 of 1978, II.40.3

Joint Committee on Civil Rights,

AA.13

U.S. Court of Appeals

appointments to, II.145.3

cases, II.205

Third Circuit, IV.115, IV.118

Fourth Circuit, IV.119, IV.121,

IV.122, IV.125, IV.126

Fifth Circuit, AB.1.12

Sixth Circuit, IV.48–50

Seventh Circuit, IV.51–53

Ninth Circuit, IV.101, IV.104, IV.129,

IV.130, IV.131–132

U.S. Court of Appeals, Records of the

(RG 276), IV.48–53, IV.104,

IV.131–132

U.S. District Courts

Alabama, IV.13–14, IV.21

Arizona, IV.103

Arkansas, IV.84–87

California, IV.101–102, IV.128–130

Delaware, IV.115

District of Columbia, II.40.6,

II.40.10
 

Georgia, IV.6–11, IV.16
 

382
 
   

   

   

   

   

     

     

     

     

   

       

     

   

       

     

   

       

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

       

       

       

   

   

         

   

     

     

   

   

       

   

         

   

       

     

     

     

     

     

     

   

Illinois, IV.24–32, IV.34–43

Indiana, IV.44

Iowa, IV.93

Kansas, IV.94, IV.97

Louisiana, IV.88, AB.1.71

Maryland, IV.116–117

Massachusetts, IV.23

Mississippi, IV.15

Missouri, IV.95

Nebraska, IV.98–99

New York, IV.105–113

North Carolina, IV.17

Ohio, IV.33, IV.45–46, IV.49

Oregon, IV.2

Pennsylvania, IV.118

San Francisco, IV.128–130, IV.134.1

South Carolina, IV.18–19, IV.22

Tennessee, IV.12, IV.20, IV.50

Texas, IV.89–92

Virginia, IV.119–126

Washington, IV.1, IV.3–4

Wisconsin, IV.47

United States ex rel. Ma­Chu­Nah­Zha

(Standing Bear) v. George Crook,

IV.98

U.S. Federal Penitentiary, Alcatraz

Island, CA, IV.133

United States House of Representatives

Appropriations Subcommittee,

II.178.5

Committee on Banking and

Currency, AA.40, AA.41

Committee on Education and Labor,

AA.31, AA.32

discharge petitions, III.6, III.8,

III.13.2, III.14.3

Journal, III.7

Judiciary Committee, III.3, III.4,

III.5, III.8, III.12.1, III.12.2,

III.13.1, III.14.2, V.99, V.109

Judiciary Committee hearings, AA.8,

AA.12, AA.14, AA.16, AA.24,

AA.26,

AA.28, AA.30, AA.31, AA.36–37,

AA.38, AA.40

Judiciary subcommittee hearings,

II.67

petitions to, III.5, III.12.2, III.14.2

Post Office and Civil Service

Committee, AD.8.1

Presidential messages to the, III.10,

III.13.3, III.14.1, III.15.1

Resolution 574, III.8

roll call votes, III.6, III.7, III.12.3,

III.15.3
 

Rule VII, III.2
 

Rules Committee, III.3, III.8,
 

III.13.2, III.14.3, AA.15, AA.27,

AA.29, AA.38, AA.42

Subcommittee on Equal

Opportunity, II.178.5

U.S. House Representatives, Records of

the (RG 233), III.1–15

U.S. Housing Act of 1937, II.142

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization

Service, AB.1.33

U.S. Information Agency, II.118.3, V.71,

V.72, V.87.8

U.S. Marshals Service, II.235–236,

II.162.1, IV.63–78, IV.81, IV.82,

IV.83, AB.1.17, AB.1.18, AB.1.34,

AB.1.35, AB.1.83

allegations of racial discrimination

in promotion of, II.84.4
 

Court Security Division, IV.64
 

district offices, IV.67–78
 

383
 
     

   

     

       

     

   

       

     

             

       

       

         

     

       

           

       

     

     

     

       

       

   

       

       

     

     

       

     

   

     

     

     

       

     

     

     

       

     

     

   

   

         

     

   

     

           

     

           

   

   

       

     

     

       

     

at polling places, II.67

training manuals, IV.72

United States Marshals Service,

Records of the (RG 527), II.235–236,

IV.63–78

U.S. Navy

desegregation, V.5.3, V.7.2, V.8.15

race­related problems, IV.114

Third Naval District Liaison Officer

for Negro Personnel, IV.114

United States of America, ex rel Albert A.

Raby v. Joseph I. Woods, Sheriff of

Cook County, Illinois, and Winston

Moore, Warden of the Cook County

Jail, IV.39

United States of America v. Carl A.

Hansberry, Perry Hansberry, and C.

A. Enterprises, IV.27

United States of America vs. Carl A.

Hansberry, Perry Hansberry, M. L.

Hansberry, and C.A. Enterprises,

IV.26

United States of America v. Lynwood

Lanier Shull, IV.19

U.S. Post Office, IV.111

U.S. Secret Service, allegations of

brutality against officers of, II.89.2

United States Senate

cloture petitions, III.6, III.9, III.14.5,

III.14.6

Committee on Armed Services, AA.7

Committee on Banking, Housing

and Urban Affairs, II.40.6

Committee on Education and Labor,

AA.2

Committee on Rules and

Administration, AA.10

filibusters, III.9, AA.10

Journal, III.7

Judiciary Committee, III.3, III.5,

III.12.5, III.13.4, III.14.1, III.15.1,

III.15.4, V.109

Judiciary Committee hearings, II.63,

AA.6, AA.9, AA.11, AA.12, AA.13,

AA.17, AA.19–22, AA.23, AA.25,

AA.31, AA.33, AA.35, AA.37,

AA.39, AA.43

Labor and Public Welfare

Committee, II.168.9

and Negro History Month, II.145.31

petitions to, III.5, III.12.6

Presidential messages to, III.10,

III.13.5, III.14.1, III.15.1

Resolution 474, III.2

roll call votes, III.6, III.7, III.9,

III.13.7, III.14.5

Special Committee to Investigate

Senatorial Campaign

Expenditures, AA.3

Subcommittee on Constitutional

Rights, AA.25

Subcommittee on Labor, II.125

U.S. Senate, Records of the (RG 46),

III.1–15

United States Supreme Court

and the Civil Rights Act of 1875,

IV.94, IV.95

and desegregation of Montgomery,

AL, buses, IV.13

equal education­related decisions

summarized, II.125

and equal employment cases, II.184

and internment of Japanese

Americans, IV.1, IV.2, IV.130

and loyalty court cases, IV.3

and Native Americans, IV.99

384
 
         

   

     

   

       

     

       

   

       

   

   

       

   

   

       

       

   

   

     

   

   

   

   

     

   

   

     

       

     

   

   

   

     

       

       

   

   

     

     

           

       

     

and “one man, one vote” ruling,

IV.20

and racially discriminatory
 

admissions based on will
 

provisions, IV.118
 

and school desegregation, II.56.3,

IV.6, IV.17, IV.97, IV.115, IV.121,

IV.122, IV.124, IV.127, IV.129,

IV.132, AB.1.72

and voting rights, IV.20, IV.21

U.S. v. Barnett­Johnson, AB.1.13,

AB.1.24–27

United States v. Bibb County Democratic

Executive Committee, AB.4.64

United States v. Biloxi Municipal

Separate School District, et al. (MS),

AB.5.115

United States v. Birmingham (AL)

Airport, AB.6.89

United States v. Board of Registration,

AB.4.51

United States v. Board of School

Commissioners of Mobile County, et

al. (AL), AB.5.114

United States v. Bossier Parish School

Board, et al. (LA), AB.5.114

U.S. v. Cecil Ray Pride, et al., II.56.5,

II.66

U.S. v. Cecil William Myers, et al., II.66

United States v. Chappell, AB.3.88

United States v. City of Birmingham

(AL), AB.6.85

United States v. City of Greenwood, MS,

AB.4.60

United States v. City of Jacksonville (FL),

AB.6.85

United States v. City of McComb,

Mississippi, et al. II.65, AB.6.85

United States v. City of Montgomery

(AL), AB.6.89

United States v. City of New Orleans

(LA), AB.6.90

United States v. City of Shreveport (LA),

AB.6.89

United States v. City of Winona,

Mississippi, AB.6.85

United States v. County School Board of

Prince George County, et al. (VA),

IV.123

United States v. County School Board of

Prince George County (VA), AB.5.116

United States v. Dallas County, AL,

AB.4.57

United States v. Deal, et al., AB.4.48

United States v. Delmar Eugene Stone, et

al., AB.7.101

U.S. v. Earle Wayne Patridge, et al., II.66

United States v. Edward L. Rast, et al.,

AB.7.101

United States v. Flanagan and Williams,

AB.7.102

United States v. Frazier (Greenwood,

MS), AB.6.87

U.S. v. George Fujii, IV.103

United States v. Gordon Kiyoshi

Hirobayashi, IV.1

United States v. Gulfport Municipal

Separate School District (MS),

AB.5.116

United States v. Henry P. Huff, John

Shields Dashbach, et al., IV.4

U.S. v. Hugh Mallory, II.59.2

U.S. vs. James Griggs Raines, et al., V.26

U.S. v. Jewel Haysel Alford, et al., II.65

United States v. John and George Sartin,

AB.7.101

385
 
       

   

   

   

   

   

   

     

   

   

       

   

   

   

   

   

   

     

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

       

       

     

   

     

   

     

   

   

   

   

   

         

   

       

   

     

     

     

   

     

     

   

   

     

U.S. v. John L. Fraiser, et al., II.65

United States v. Jones and King,

AB.7.101

United States v. Klans, et al., AB.3.84

United States v. Leflore County, MS,

AB.4.62

United States v. Louisiana, AB.1.71,

AB.4.39

United States v. Lynd, AB.4.52–55

United States v. Madison County Board

of Education, et al. (AL), AB.5.115

United States v. Manning, AB.4.49

United States v. Marcus Garvey, Elie

Garcia, Orlando M. Thompson and

George Tobias, IV.111

United States v. Mathews (Terrell

County, GA), AB.4.68

United States v. McCook and Collins,

AB.7.101

United States v. McKinney, AB.7.101

United States v. McLeod, AB.4.58

United States v. Minoru Yasui, IV.2

United States v. Mississippi, AB.4.45

U.S. v. Mississippi, et al., II.57.4
 

United States v. Murray Stanley, IV.94,
 

IV.95

United States v. Nichols, IV.94, IV.95

United States v. Penton, AB.4.41

U.S. v. Sanford, et al., II.56.2

United States v. Savage and Kennedy,

AB.7.101

United States v. Seay (Telfair County),

AB.4.65

United States v. Shackney, AB.7.101,

AB.7.102

United States v. Shreveport (LA),

AB.6.85

United States v. Smelser, AB.1.69

United States v. Smith, AB.7.101

United States v. Tompson and Roth,

AB.7.102

United States v. Voelker, AB.4.51

United States v. Wood, AB.4.56

U.S. v. Zeke T. Mathews, et al., II.57.3

Unlawful flight to avoid prosecution,

II.77

Upward Bound, II.8, II.166

“Urban Communities in Transition:

Policies for Education, Economic

Development and Employment,”

V.89

Urban Problems, II.39, II.145.19,

II.145.20, II.145.30, V.98

Urban renewal, II.227

Urban Renewal Administration, V.51

USMS Bulletin, IV.65

USMS Newsletters, IV.66

Utah, II.27, II.205

“Validity of Testing in Education and

Employment, The,” II.234

Van Dusen, Richard C., II.148

Vaughan, Harry, V.8.47

Veterans

and housing, II.149.1, II.149.2

police brutality against, IV.19

postwar education of, II.3

postwar employment of, II.132

Vietnam War, II.149.1, II.149.2

Veterans Administration, II.118.3,

II.204
 

Equal Opportunity Lender
 

Certificate, II.40.6
 

Loan Guaranty Service, II.40.10

Vetter, Jan, II.40.7

Vietnam, IV.72, V.71

Virginia, II.97.3, II.97.4, V.21

386
 
   

     

     

     

       

     

       

         

     

   

     

     

     

       

     

     

     

     

         

     

         

     

       

   

       

   

       

     

     

       

       

       

     

       

     

   

     

     

       

       

       

   

           

       

       

   

       

   

       

     

       

   

school desegregation plans, II.62,

IV.121, IV.122, IV.126, IV.127,

AB.5.105, AB.5.116

voting problems in, II.67

Virginia, University of, IV.124

Virginia Council of Human Rights,

II.149.2

Virginia Normal and Industrial

Institute, II.10

VISTA (Volunteers in Service to

America), II.166

Vivian Calhoun, et al. v. A. C. Latimer,

et al., IV.6

Vocational education, II.3, II.8,

II.14–18, II.156.2

Vocational Rehabilitation

Administration, V.50

Vocational rehabilitation programs,

II.156.2

Voorhees, Donald, IV.1

Voter registration

congressional hearings on, AA.3,

AA.12, AA.24, AA.27, AA.29,

AA.30, AA.31, AA.37, AA.38

through the Voting Rights Program,

II.119

Voters

intimidation of, II.57.1, II.57.3

military absentee voters, II.124

“Voting and Citizenship Participation,”

II.228

Voting Assistance Program, II.124

Voting referee bills, II.63, II.64, II.65

Voting referees, AB.4.43, AB.4.48

Voting rights, II.200, II.228, V.18, V.97,

V.99, V.103

enforcement of laws protecting,

II.55, II.57, II.63, II.66, II.67,

II.70, II.73, AB.4.39–68
 

FBI efforts to protect, II.82
 

Native Americans, IV.99
 

one man, one vote, IV.20
 

and President Johnson, V.81
 

problems in Alabama, II.57.1,
 

II.57.2, II.67, II.204, IV.14, IV.21,

AB.4.43, AB.4.57
 

problems in Atlanta, GA, V.112
 

problems in the District of
 

Columbia, II.119.6

problems in Florida, II.84.2

problems in Georgia, II.57.3, II.227,

AB.4.68
 

problems in Louisiana, II.84.1,
 

II.204, II.227, AB.4.48
 

problems in Mississippi, II.57.4,

II.67, II.227, II.233, AB.4.45,

AB.4.60, AB.4.62

problems in North Carolina, II.84.3,

II.227

problems in South Carolina, IV.22

problems in Tennessee, II.227, IV.20

proposed legislation regarding,

III.12.2

Voting Rights Act of 1965, II.50, II.57,

II.66, II.67, II.206, II.233, IV.14

administration of, II.117, II.119, II.205

compliance with, II.209

legislative history, III.4, III.15, V.64,

V.75, V.78, V.79

“Voting Rights Act: Unfulfilled Goals,”

II.234

Voting Rights Program, II.119.2,

II.119.3, II.119.4

W. H. Griffin, et al. v. International

Brotherhood of Boilermakers...,

IV.134.1

387
 
         

   

       

       

   

   

   

         

     

     

       

     

           

         

           

     

   

   

       

     

   

     

     

       

   

     

       

   

     

       

       

     

     

     

   

   

   

         

   

     

         

         

         

   

         

         

     

     

   

     

   

       

     

       

       

   

     

     

     

     

     

       

       

Wage and Hour Division, Records of

the (RG 155), IV.55

Wagner, Elbert A., Jr., IV.40

“Waiting Room Practices in 21

Southern Cities,” II.65

Walinsky, Adam, V.42

Walker, Odell, II.97.4

Wallace, George C., II.162.3, IV.14, V.18

Wallace, Robert A., II.43

Walsh, Jerome K., V.6.15

Walsh­Healey Public Contract Act, II.136

Walson, Robert A., V.109

Walter B. Alston, et al. v. School Board of

the City of Norfolk, et al., IV.120

Walter Mills vs. Board of Education of

Anne Arundel County (Maryland)

and George Fox, IV.116

War industries, employment

discrimination in, IV.56, IV.57, IV.58,

IV.59, IV.134

War Labor Board, II.122

War Manpower Commission, Records

of the (RG 211), IV.57

Ward, Horace T., IV.7

Waring, J. Waties, IV.18, IV.22

Warren, Earl, V.8.48

Warren County, NC, II.84.3

Washington [State], IV.1, IV.2, IV.4,

IV.78, IV.134, IV.135

Washington, DC. See District of

Columbia.

Washington, University of, IV.1, IV.3

Washington, Val, V.11, V.15, V.19

Washington State Subversive Activities

Act of 1951, IV.3

Washington Urban League, equal

opportunity day, II.124

Watson, Marvin, V.70

Wattenberg, Ben, V.68

Watts Riot, Los Angeles, CA (1966),

II.146.5, II.209, V.81

Wayne State University, II.99.10

We Band of Brothers, by Edwin

Guthman, V.40

Weathermen, II.108

Weaver, Robert C., II.15, II.145, II.146,

V.51, V.64

Webb, Andre, IV.29, IV.31, IV.34, IV.51

Webb, James, II.59.2

Webb, James R., IV.29, IV.31, IV.34,

IV.36, IV.51

Webb, James William, Jr., IV.29, IV.31,

IV.34, IV.51

Webster, John L., IV.98

Webster County, MS, II.220

Weekly Compilation of Presidential

Documents, III.10

Weidenfeld, Sheila R., V.107

Welfare Administration, V.50

Wells, Clarence, IV.76

West Palm Beach, FL, II.84.2

Westminster, CA, School District,

IV.101, IV.104

Westminster School District of Orange

County, et al. v. Gonzalo Mendez, et

al., IV.104

Wharton, Clifford, V.15

White, Lee, II.32, V.68

White, Lee C., V.36.4

White, W. Wilson, II.62

White, Walter, V.2, V.6.11

White America, Inc., IV.84

White Citizens Council of Arkansas,

IV.84

White Citizens’ Council of Mississippi,

AB.1.23

388
 
         

     

       

     

       

     

       

   

       

   

     

       

     

     

     

     

   

   

     

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

       

         

   

       

     

     

         

     

     

   

   

       

         

   

       

       

   

         

   

     

   

     

     

     

   

   

       

       

     

     

     

     

   

     

   

   

   

       

   

White House Central Files, V.11, V.32,

V.65–67, V.90, V.91, V.108

White House Civil Rights Conference

(November 17, 1963), II.124

White House Conference on Equal

Employment Opportunity, 1965,

II.177, AC.12

White House Naval Photographic Unit,

V.83

White House Press Office, V.105

Whitman, Ann, V.9

“Who Is Guarding the Guardians?”

II.234

Wilkins, Charles, IV.99

Wilkins, J. Ernest, V.23

Wilkins, Roy, II.156.1, II.164, V.84

Williams, Franklin H., V.87.10

Williams, Hosea, IV.12, IV.14

Williams, Indiana Fletcher, IV.127

Williams, Joseph W., II.59.3

Williams v. Davis, AB.1.71

Willis, Benjamin, IV.51

Willis, George, Jr., IV.8

Willisville, AR, II.60.2

School District, IV.87

Wills, discriminatory provisions of,

IV.118, IV.127

Wilmington, DE, IV.115

Wilson, Orlando, IV.37

Winnebago Tribe, IV.99

Winona, MS, AB.6.85

Winslow, Joseph, V.13

Winston­Salem, NC, II.64

Winter Park, FL, Bi­Racial Committee,

II.202

Wirtz, W. Willard, II.124, II.127, II.128,

II.129, V.47, V.53

Wisconsin State Prison, II.86.3, IV.55,

IV.56, IV.57, IV.58, IV.61

Witness protection program, IV.64

Wofford, Harris L., Jr., V.36.4, V.36.5

Wolf, Edwin D., II.218

Wolfbein, Seymour L., II.128

Women

discrimination against in

employment, II.61.2, II.200

equal pay for, II.134, II.184

equal rights for, II.234, V.99, V.100,

V.101, V.102, V.107

Women in Action, An Informational

Summary for the Federal Women’s

Program, AC.13

Women’s Bureau, V.53
 

Women’s Equity Action League, et al. v.
 

Joseph Califano, Jr., II.40.10

Woodard, Isaac, Jr., IV.19

Woodruff, Linda, IV.125

Woods, Joseph I., IV.39

Woods, William B., IV.88

Woolner, Sidney H., V.51

Works Progress Administration, II.15

World War II

participation of black Americans in,

II.11, II.35, II.122, V.17, V.20,

AD.4

veterans of, II.3, AD.4

war workers, II.3, II.122

Wounded Knee, SD, IV.77

Wrighten, John H., IV.18

Wyatt, Ruth, IV.102

Wyoming, University of, II.10

Yasui, Minoru, IV.2

Yette, Samuel, II.165

Young, Andrew, II.164

Young, Whitney M., Jr., II.145.6,

II.146.3, II.164, V.84

389
 
       

       

     

     

     

   

Young Democrat Clubs of America,

V.55

Youth employment, II.129

Youth March for Integrated Schools,

October 25, 1958, V.13

Youth programs, Federally assisted,

II.229

Zaslasvsky, Morton L., IV.32

Ziegler, Ronald, V.96

390