# Patent

## Title
Multi-mode electromechanical variable transmission

## Abstract

A vehicle includes an engine, a drive axle, a multi-mode transmission selectively coupled to the engine and the drive axle, and a controller coupled to the multi-mode transmission and configured to selectively configure the multi-mode transmission into an active neutral startup mode of operation in response to an engine start request. The multi-mode transmission includes a first gear set having a first planetary gear carrier and a second gear set having a second planetary gear carrier, a first motor/generator coupled to the first gear set, and a second motor/generator electrically coupled to the first motor/generator with a bus, coupled to the second gear set, and selectively coupled to the engine. The first gear set is coupled to the engine, and the first planetary gear carrier and the second planetary gear carrier are rotatably coupled.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/624,285, filed Feb. 17, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
Internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and electric vehicles, among other types of vehicles, include transmissions. Traditional vehicle transmissions use gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source (e.g., an engine, a motor, etc.) to another device (e.g., a drive shaft, wheels of a vehicle, etc.). Transmissions include multiple gear ratios selectively coupled to the rotating power source with a mechanism that may also selectively couple an output to the various gear ratios.
SUMMARY
One exemplary embodiment relates to a vehicle that includes an engine, a drive axle, a multi-mode transmission selectively coupled to the engine and the drive axle, and a controller coupled to the multi-mode transmission and configured to selectively configure the multi-mode transmission into an active neutral startup mode of operation in response to an engine start request. The multi-mode transmission includes a first gear set having a first planetary gear carrier and a second gear set having a second planetary gear carrier, a first motor/generator coupled to the first gear set, and a second motor/generator electrically coupled to the first motor/generator with a bus, coupled to the second gear set, and selectively coupled to the engine. The first gear set is coupled to the engine, and the first planetary gear carrier and the second planetary gear carrier are rotatably coupled.
Another exemplary embodiment relates to a drive system for a vehicle having a drive axle. The drive system includes a first gear set including a first sun gear, a first ring gear, a first plurality of planetary gears coupling the first sun gear to the first ring gear, and a first carrier rotationally supporting the first plurality of planetary gears, a second gear set including a second sun gear, a second ring gear, a second plurality of planetary gears coupling the second sun gear to the second ring gear, and a second carrier rotationally supporting the second plurality of planetary gears, the first carrier being directly coupled to the second carrier, a first electrical machine coupled to the first gear set, a second electrical machine coupled to the second gear set, a connecting shaft coupling an engine to the first gear set, a brake positioned to selectively limit a rotational movement of the second ring gear when engaged, and a clutch selectively rotationally coupling the second electrical machine to the connecting shaft and the engine when engaged. The drive system is selectively reconfigurable into an active neutral startup mode of operation whereby at least one of the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine provide a startup power in response to a rotational input from the engine.
Another exemplary embodiment relates to a method of operating a multi-mode transmission that includes receiving an engine start request associated with an engine, the engine coupled to a first electromagnetic device through a first gear set, engaging a clutch to selectively rotationally couple a second electromagnetic device and a second gear set to the engine, engaging a brake to selectively limit a rotational movement of a ring gear of the second gear set, a carrier of the second gear set coupled to a carrier of the first gear set, generating a startup power by providing a rotational input to the first electromagnetic device with the engine, and activating at least one of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device into a desired operating state with a controller in response to the startup power exceeding a threshold level.
The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being carried out in various ways. Alternative exemplary embodiments relate to other features and combinations of features as may be recited herein.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The disclosure will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drive train for a vehicle, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic view of the drive train of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system for the drive train of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic view of a drive train configured in a startup mode of operation, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic view of a drive train configured in a low range mode of operation, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a detailed schematic view of a drive train configured in a mid range mode of operation, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a detailed schematic view of a drive train configured in a high range mode of operation, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a detailed schematic view of a drive train configured in an intermediate shift mode of operation, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a detailed schematic view of a drive train configured in a low speed reverse mode of operation, according to an exemplary embodiment; and
FIG. 10 is a detailed schematic view of a drive train configured in a high speed reverse mode of operation, according to an exemplary embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Before turning to the figures, which illustrate the exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting.
According to an exemplary embodiment, a multi-mode electromechanical variable transmission is provided as part of a vehicle and is selectively reconfigurable into one of a plurality of operating modes. The vehicle may also include an engine, a first electromagnetic device, and second electromagnetic device. In one embodiment, at least one of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device provides rotational mechanical energy to start the engine. In another embodiment, the engine provides a rotational mechanical energy input to both the first and second electromagnetic devices such that each operates as a generator to generate electrical energy. In still other embodiments, one of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are configured to receive a rotational mechanical energy output from at least one of the engine and the multi-mode electromechanical variable transmission and provide an electrical energy output to power a control system and/or the other electromagnetic device.
According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-2, a vehicle 10 includes an engine 20 coupled to a transmission, shown as transmission 30. In one embodiment, engine 20 is configured to combust fuel and provide a mechanical energy input to transmission 30. By way of example, engine 20 may be configured to provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30. As shown in FIGS. 1-2, a first electrical machine, electromagnetic device and/or motor/generator, shown as first electromagnetic device 40, and a second electrical machine, electromagnetic device and/or motor/generator, shown as second electromagnetic device 50, are coupled to transmission 30.
Referring again to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, vehicle 10 includes a front axle, shown as front axle 60, and a rear axle, shown as rear axle 70. As shown in FIG. 1, front axle 60 includes a pair of tractive elements, shown as tires 62, coupled to a front differential, shown as front differential 64. Rear axle 70 includes a pair of tractive elements, shown as tires 72, coupled to a rear differential, shown as rear differential 74, according to an exemplary embodiment. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, front differential 64 is coupled to transmission 30 with a front axle driveshaft 66 and rear differential 74 is coupled to transmission 30 with a rear axle driveshaft 76. While shown as coupled to tires 62 and tires 72, front differential 64 and rear differential 74 may be coupled to various other types of tractive elements (e.g., tracks, etc.), according to alternative embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1, front axle driveshaft 66 and rear axle driveshaft 76 are configured to transport power from first electromagnetic device 40, second electromagnetic device 50, and engine 20 to tires 62 and tires 72, respectively. Vehicle 10 may include a plurality of front differentials 64 that may be coupled or a plurality of rear differentials 74 that may be coupled, according to various alternative embodiments.
Engine 20 may be any source of rotational mechanical energy that is derived from a stored energy source. The stored energy source is disposed onboard vehicle 10, according to an exemplary embodiment. The stored energy source may include a liquid fuel or a gaseous fuel, among other alternatives. In one embodiment, engine 20 includes an internal combustion engine configured to be powered by at least one of gasoline, natural gas, and diesel fuel. According to various alternative embodiments, engine 20 includes at least one of a turbine, a fuel cell, an electric motor or still another device. According to one exemplary embodiment, engine 20 includes a twelve liter diesel engine capable of providing between approximately 400 horsepower and approximately 600 horsepower and between approximately 400 foot pounds of torque and approximately 2000 foot pounds of torque. In one embodiment, engine 20 has a rotational speed (e.g., a rotational operational range, etc.) of between 0 and 2,100 revolutions per minute. Engine 20 may be operated at a relatively constant speed (e.g., 1,600 revolutions per minute, etc.). In one embodiment, the relatively constant speed is selected based on an operating condition of engine 20 (e.g., an operating speed relating to a point of increased fuel efficiency, etc.).
In one embodiment, at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 provide a mechanical energy input to transmission 30. By way of example, at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 may be configured to provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30 (i.e., at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 may operate as a motor, etc.). At least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 may receive a mechanical energy output from at least one of engine 20 and transmission 30. By way of example, at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 may be configured to receive a rotational mechanical energy output from at least one of engine 20 and transmission 30 and provide an electrical energy output (i.e., at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 may operate as a generator, etc.). According to an exemplary embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 are capable of both providing mechanical energy and converting a mechanical energy input into an electrical energy output (i.e., operate as a motor and a generator, etc.). The operational condition of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 (e.g., as a motor, as a generator, etc.) may vary based on a mode of operation associated with transmission 30.
According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a drive system for a vehicle, shown as drive system 100, includes engine 20, transmission 30, first electromagnetic device 40, second electromagnetic device 50, front axle driveshaft 66, and rear axle driveshaft 76. As shown in FIG. 2, transmission 30 includes a first gear set, shown as power split planetary 110, and a second gear set, shown as output planetary 120. In one embodiment, power split planetary 110 and output planetary 120 are disposed between first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50. In an alternative embodiment, one or both of power split planetary 110 and output planetary 120 are positioned outside of (i.e., not between, etc.) first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50. As shown in FIG. 2, power split planetary 110 is directly coupled to engine 20.
Referring to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, power split planetary 110 is a planetary gear set that includes a sun gear 112, a ring gear 114, and a plurality of planetary gears 116. The plurality of planetary gears 116 couple sun gear 112 to ring gear 114, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, a carrier 118 rotationally supports the plurality of planetary gears 116. In one embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 is directly coupled to sun gear 112 such that power split planetary 110 is coupled to first electromagnetic device 40. By way of example, first electromagnetic device 40 may include a shaft (e.g., a first shaft, an input shaft, an output shaft, etc.) directly coupled to sun gear 112.
Referring still to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, output planetary 120 is a planetary gear set that includes a sun gear 122, a ring gear 124, and a plurality of planetary gears 126. The plurality of planetary gears 126 couple sun gear 122 to ring gear 124, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, a carrier 128 rotationally supports the plurality of planetary gears 126. In one embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 is directly coupled to sun gear 122 such that output planetary 120 is coupled to second electromagnetic device 50. By way of example, second electromagnetic device 50 may include a shaft (e.g., a second shaft, an input shaft, an output shaft, etc.) directly coupled to sun gear 122. Carrier 118 is directly coupled to carrier 128, thereby coupling power split planetary 110 to output planetary 120, according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In one embodiment, directly coupling carrier 118 to carrier 128 synchronizes rotational speeds of carrier 118 and carrier 128.
According to an exemplary embodiment, transmission 30 includes a first clutch, shown as power split coupled clutch 130. In one embodiment, power split coupled clutch 130 is positioned downstream of power split planetary 110 (e.g., between power split planetary 110 and front axle driveshaft 66 or rear axle driveshaft 76, etc.). In an alternative embodiment, power split coupled clutch 130 is directly coupled to engine 20. As shown in FIG. 2, power split coupled clutch 130 is positioned to selectively couple power split planetary 110 and output planetary 120 with a shaft, shown as output shaft 32. In one embodiment, power split coupled clutch 130 allows a vehicle to be towed without spinning the gears within transmission 30 (e.g., power split planetary 110, output planetary 120, etc.). Output shaft 32 may be coupled to rear axle driveshaft 76 and selectively coupled to front axle driveshaft with a declutch assembly, shown as front declutch collar shift 34. Front declutch collar shift 34 may be engaged and disengaged to selectively couple front axle driveshaft 66 to output shaft 32 of transmission 30 (e.g., to facilitate operation of a vehicle in a rear-wheel-drive-only mode, an all-wheel-drive mode, a four-wheel-drive mode, etc.).
As shown in FIG. 2, transmission 30 includes a second clutch, shown as input coupled clutch 140. Input coupled clutch 140 is positioned to selectively couple second electromagnetic device 50 with engine 20, according to an exemplary embodiment. Input coupled clutch 140 may thereby selectively couple engine 20 to output planetary 120. As shown in FIG. 2, transmission 30 includes a shaft, shown as connecting shaft 36. According to an exemplary embodiment, connecting shaft 36 extends from engine 20, through second electromagnetic device 50, and through output planetary 120 to power split planetary 110. Connecting shaft 36 couples engine 20 with power split planetary 110, according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In one embodiment, connecting shaft 36 directly couples engine 20 with ring gear 114 of power split planetary 110. Input coupled clutch 140 may selectively couple second electromagnetic device 50 with connecting shaft 36. According to an exemplary embodiment, the shaft (e.g., input/output shaft, etc.) of first electromagnetic device 40 and the shaft (e.g., input/output shaft, etc.) of second electromagnetic device 50 are radially aligned with power split planetary 110, output planetary 120, and connecting shaft 36 (e.g., centerlines thereof are aligned, etc.). As shown in FIG. 2, transmission 30 includes a third clutch, shown as output coupled clutch 150. Output coupled clutch 150 is positioned to selectively couple output planetary 120 with output shaft 32, according to an exemplary embodiment. In one embodiment, output shaft 32 is radially offset from power split planetary 110, output planetary 120, and connecting shaft 36 (e.g., radially offset from centerlines thereof, etc.).
Referring again to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, transmission 30 includes brake, shown as output brake 170. Output brake 170 is positioned to selectively inhibit the movement of at least a portion of output planetary 120 (e.g., ring gear 124, etc.), according to an exemplary embodiment. In one embodiment, output brake 170 is biased into an engaged position (e.g., with a spring, etc.) and selectively disengaged (e.g., with application of pressurized hydraulic fluid, etc.). In other embodiments, output brake 170 is hydraulically-biased and spring released. In still other embodiments, the components of transmission 30 are still otherwise engaged and disengaged (e.g., pneumatically, etc.). By way of example, output brake 170 and output coupled clutch 150 may be engaged simultaneously to function as a driveline brake (e.g., a braking mechanism to slow down a vehicle, etc.).
As shown in FIG. 2, transmission 30 includes a gear set 180 that couples carrier 118 and carrier 128 to output shaft 32. In one embodiment, gear set 180 includes a first gear, shown as gear 182, in meshing engagement with a second gear, shown as gear 184. As shown in FIG. 2, gear 182 is rotatably coupled to carrier 118 and carrier 128. By way of example, gear 182 may be fixed to a component (e.g., shaft, tube, etc.) that couples carrier 118 and carrier 128. As shown in FIG. 2, power split coupled clutch 130 is positioned to selectively couple gear 184 with output shaft 32 when engaged. With power split coupled clutch 130 disengaged, relative movement (e.g., rotation, etc.) may occur between gear 184 and output shaft 32.
According to an exemplary embodiment, transmission 30 includes a gear set, shown as gear set 190, that couples output planetary 120 to output shaft 32. As shown in FIG. 2, gear set 190 includes a first gear, shown as gear 192, coupled to ring gear 124 of output planetary 120. Gear 192 is in meshing engagement with a second gear, shown as gear 194, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, gear 194 is coupled to a third gear, shown as gear 196. In other embodiments, gear 192 is directly coupled with gear 196. By way of example, gear set 190 may not include gear 194, and gear 192 may be directly coupled to (e.g., in meshing engagement with, etc.) gear 196. As shown in FIG. 2, output coupled clutch 150 is positioned to selectively couple gear 196 with output shaft 32 when engaged. With output coupled clutch 150 disengaged, relative movement (e.g., rotation, etc.) may occur between gear 196 and output shaft 32. By way of example, output coupled clutch 150 may be engaged to couple ring gear 124 to output shaft 32. Output brake 170 is positioned to selectively limit the movement of gear 192 when engaged to thereby also limit the movement of ring gear 124, gear 194, and gear 196.
According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a control system 200 for a vehicle includes a controller 210. In one embodiment, controller 210 is configured to selectively engage, selectively disengage, or otherwise communicate with components of the vehicle according to various modes of operation. As shown in FIG. 3, controller 210 is coupled to engine 20. In one embodiment, controller 210 is configured to selectively engage engine 20 (e.g., interface with a throttle of, etc.) such that an output of engine 20 spins at a target rate. Controller 210 is coupled to first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50, according to an exemplary embodiment, and may send and receive signals therewith. By way of example, controller 210 may send command signals relating to at least one of a target rotational speed and a target rotation direction for first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50. As shown in FIG. 3, first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 are electrically coupled. By way of example, power generated by first electromagnetic device 40 may be utilized by second electromagnetic device 50 (e.g., to provide an output torque as a motor, etc.), or power generated by second electromagnetic device 50 may be utilized by first electromagnetic device 40 (e.g., to provide an output torque as a motor, etc.).
According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, control system 200 includes a user interface 220 that is coupled to controller 210. In one embodiment, user interface 220 includes a display and an operator input. The display may be configured to display a graphical user interface, an image, an icon, or still other information. In one embodiment, the display includes a graphical user interface configured to provide general information about the vehicle (e.g., vehicle speed, fuel level, warning lights, etc.). The graphical user interface may also be configured to display a current mode of operation, various potential modes of operation, or still other information relating to transmission 30 or drive system 100. By way of example, the graphical user interface may be configured to provide specific information regarding the operation of drive system 100 (e.g., whether power split coupled clutch 130, input coupled clutch 140, output coupled clutch 150, and output brake 170 are engaged or disengaged, a fault condition where at least one of power split coupled clutch 130, input coupled clutch 140, output coupled clutch 150, and output brake 170 fail to engage or disengage in response to a command signal, etc.).
The operator input may be used by an operator to provide commands to at least one of engine 20, transmission 30, first electromagnetic device 40, second electromagnetic device 50, and drive system 100 or still another component of the vehicle. The operator input may include one or more buttons, knobs, touchscreens, switches, levers, or handles. In one embodiment, an operator may press a button to change the mode of operation for at least one of transmission 30, and drive system 100, and the vehicle. The operator may be able to manually control some or all aspects of the operation of transmission 30 using the display and the operator input. In should be understood that any type of display or input controls may be implemented with the systems and methods described herein.
Controller 210 may be implemented as a general-purpose processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a digital-signal-processor (DSP), circuits containing one or more processing components, circuitry for supporting a microprocessor, a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, controller 210 includes a processing circuit 212 and a memory 214. Processing circuit 212 may include an ASIC, one or more FPGAs, a DSP, circuits containing one or more processing components, circuitry for supporting a microprocessor, a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. In some embodiments, processing circuit 212 is configured to execute computer code stored in memory 214 to facilitate the activities described herein. Memory 214 may be any volatile or non-volatile computer-readable storage medium capable of storing data or computer code relating to the activities described herein. According to an exemplary embodiment, memory 214 includes computer code modules (e.g., executable code, object code, source code, script code, machine code, etc.) configured for execution by processing circuit 212. Memory 214 includes various actuation profiles corresponding to modes of operation (e.g., for transmission 30, for drive system 100, for a vehicle, etc.), according to an exemplary embodiment. In some embodiments, controller 210 may represent a collection of processing devices (e.g., servers, data centers, etc.). In such cases, processing circuit 212 represents the collective processors of the devices, and memory 214 represents the collective storage devices of the devices.
Referring next to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 4-10, transmission 30 is configured to operate according to a plurality of modes of operation. Various modes of operation for transmission 30 are identified below in Table 1. In other embodiments, a vehicle having transmission 30 is configured to operate according to the various modes of operation shown in FIGS. 4-10 and identified below in Table 1.











TABLE 1






Power Split
Output
Output
Input Coupled


Mode of
Coupled Clutch
Coupled Clutch
Brake
Clutch


Operation
130
150
170
140







High Speed
X

X



Reverse


Low Speed
X
X


Reverse


Vehicle Start


X
X


Low Range
X
X


Mid Range
X

X


Shift
X

X
X


High Range
X


X









As shown in Table 1, an “X” represents a component of drive system 100 (e.g., output brake 170, power split coupled clutch 130, etc.) that is engaged or closed during the respective modes of operation. In one embodiment, all of the components in Table 1 are disengaged to selectively reconfigure transmission 30 in a neutral mode.
As shown in FIG. 4, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into an active neutral startup mode of operation (e.g., a vehicle start mode of operation, an active neutral mode of operation, etc.). Controller 210 may selectively configure transmission 30 into the active neutral startup mode of operation in response to a vehicle start request and/or an engine start request. Controller 210 may selectively configure transmission 30 into the active neutral startup mode of operation from a passive neutral mode of operation (e.g., a mode whereby engine 20 is running but does not provide an output torque to tires 62 and/or tires 72, etc.). In one embodiment, controller 210 first selectively configures transmission 30 into the passive neutral mode of operation (e.g., by starting engine 20, etc.) and thereafter selectively configure transmission 30 into the active neutral startup mode of operation in response to the vehicle start request and/or the engine start request. Transmission 30 may be reconfigured into the passive neutral mode of operation at various times during the operation of the vehicle (e.g., when entering a park mode of operation from a driving mode of operation, in order to tow the vehicle, etc.).
In one embodiment, engine 20 includes a traditional starting mechanism (e.g., a starter motor, etc.) configured to start engine 20 (e.g., in response to a vehicle start request, in response to an engine start request, etc.). The vehicle start request and/or the engine start request may include a directive to turn the engine “on” from an “off” state. The vehicle may include at least one of a pushbutton, a graphical user interface, an ignition, and another device with which a user interacts to provide or trigger the vehicle start request and/or the engine start request. In other embodiments, the vehicle start request and/or the engine start request is generated by an autonomous control system configured to command the vehicle or engine to turn “on” from an “off” state. Controller 210 may provide a signal to first start engine 20 and thereafter selectively configure transmission 30 into the active neutral startup mode of operation in response to a vehicle start request and/or an engine start request.
In the active neutral startup mode of operation, engine 20 may provide a rotational mechanical energy input to at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50. In one embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 is coupled to second electromagnetic device 50 with a bus. The bus may include an electrical connection, and a voltage produced by first electromagnetic device 40 in response to the rotational input from engine 20 may be applied to the bus. First electromagnetic device 40 may produce a voltage that is applied to the bus when transmission 30 is configured in the active neutral startup mode of operation. In another embodiment, the at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 may provide a startup power in response to a rotational input from engine 20.
In the active neutral startup mode of operation, engine 20 powers at least one of the first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50, which is brought up to a threshold level (e.g., a threshold speed, a threshold speed for a target period of time, performance that provides a threshold power generation, performance that provides a threshold power generation for a target period of time, performance that provides a threshold startup power, etc.). The threshold level may relate to a requisite DC bus voltage needed to activate at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50. The power electronics of control system 200 that control the motor-to-motor functions may be brought online during the active neutral startup mode. In one embodiment, controller 210 activates first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50 within and/or to a desired state in response to first electromagnetic device 40 operating at the threshold level. In another embodiment, controller 210 disengages at least one of input coupled clutch 140 and output brake 170 in response to first electromagnetic device 40 operating at the threshold level.
According to an exemplary embodiment, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into the active neutral startup mode during an initial start of engine 20 (e.g., when engine is turned “on” from an “off” state, etc.). The active neutral startup mode may differ from other neutral modes of operation associated with the vehicle (e.g., in non-startup conditions, etc.), where first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 are already actuatable into a desired state and/or otherwise online.
In an alternative embodiment, at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 include and/or are coupled an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor, a battery, etc.) configured to store energy (e.g., electrical energy, chemical energy, etc.) associated with drive system 100. In one embodiment, rotation of first electromagnetic device 40 rotates connecting shaft 36 to start engine 20. By way of example, first electromagnetic device 40 may be configured to use the stored energy to start engine 20 by providing a rotational mechanical energy input (e.g., a torque, etc.) to engine 20 via connecting shaft 36. In another embodiment, rotation of second electromagnetic device 50 rotates connecting shaft 36 (e.g., where input coupled clutch 140 is engaged, etc.) to start engine 20. By way of example, second electromagnetic device 50 may be configured to use the stored energy to start engine 20 by providing a rotational mechanical energy input (e.g., a torque, etc.) to engine 20 through the engagement of input coupled clutch 140 with connecting shaft 36. Such an active neutral startup mode may be used to start engine 20, establish a requisite DC bus voltage, and/or otherwise export power without relying on controller 210 to engage first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50.
As shown in FIG. 4 and Table 1, input coupled clutch 140 and output brake 170 are engaged when transmission 30 is configured in the active neutral startup mode. As shown in FIG. 4, input coupled clutch 140 directly couples second electromagnetic device 50 to connecting shaft 36 and engine 20. Output brake 170 rotationally fixes ring gear 124. When engine 20 provides a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30, connecting shaft 36 drives both power split planetary 110 (e.g., directly, etc.) and output planetary 120 (e.g., through second electromagnetic device 50, etc.). According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, an energy flow path for the active neutral startup mode includes: engine 20 providing a rotational mechanical energy input to connecting shaft 36; connecting shaft 36 conveying the rotational mechanical energy to ring gear 114 and second electromagnetic device 50 (e.g., through input coupled clutch 140, etc.); and second electromagnetic device 50 transferring the rotational mechanical energy input to sun gear 122. With the rotation of ring gear 124 selectively fixed by output brake 170, the rotation of sun gear 122 rotates the plurality planetary gears 126 about central axes thereof, as well as about sun gear 122. The rotation of the plurality planetary gears 126 about the sun gear 122 drives carrier 128, and carrier 128 thereby drives carrier 118.
Referring still to FIG. 4, ring gear 114 is driven directly by connecting shaft 36. As shown in FIG. 4, carrier 118 is indirectly driven by connecting shaft 36 (e.g., by output planetary 120 when input coupled clutch 140 is engaged, etc.). The rotation of ring gear 114 and carrier 118 rotates the plurality of planetary gears 116 about central axes thereof such that sun gear 112 rotates. The rotation of sun gear 112 drives first electromagnetic device 40. In one embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 thereby provides a startup power in response to a rotational input from engine 20. The rotation of sun gear 112 may facilitate first electromagnetic device 40 establishing a requisite operating condition (e.g., a requisite DC bus voltage, etc.) for controlling first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50 in one or more desired states. In some embodiments, second electromagnetic device 50 is brought up to the threshold individually or jointly with first electromagnetic device 40 to establish the requisite DC bus voltage and control first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50 in a desired state.
An alternative energy flow path in the active neutral startup mode in which drive system 100 includes: an energy storage device may include first electromagnetic device 40 providing a rotational mechanical energy input to sun gear 112 that is received by the plurality of planetary gears 116; the plurality of planetary gears 116 conveying the rotational mechanical energy to ring gear 114; and ring gear 114 transferring the rotational mechanical energy to connecting shaft 36 such that the rotational mechanical energy provided by first electromagnetic device 40 starts engine 20.
According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, engaging input coupled clutch 140 rotates second electromagnetic device 50 at the rotational speed of connecting shaft 36. Connecting shaft 36 may rotate at the same speed as engine 20 such that engine 20 and second electromagnetic device 50 operate at a 1:1 speed ratio. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, engaging input coupled clutch 140 and output brake 170 rotates carrier 118 (e.g., through output planetary 120, etc.) while ring gear 114 rotates with connecting shaft 36. Engaging input coupled clutch 140 and output brake 170 may drive first electromagnetic device 40 at a rotational speed that is related to the rotational speed of carrier 118 and the rotational speed of ring gear 114. In one embodiment, the active neutral startup mode locks first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 in a fixed speed ratio with engine 20 (e.g., 1:1 between second electromagnetic device 50 and engine 20; 1.06:1 between first electromagnetic device 40 and engine 20, etc.).
Referring still to FIG. 4, transmission 30 isolates engine 20 from output shaft 32 during the active neutral startup mode (e.g., power split coupled clutch 130 and output coupled clutch 150 may be disengaged, etc.). Such isolation may reduce (e.g., substantially eliminate, etc.) a forward lurch potential traditionally associated with starting the vehicle (e.g., transmission 30 does not provide an output torque to tires 62 and/or tires 72 when in the active neutral startup mode, etc.).
In some embodiments, input coupled clutch 140 and output brake 170 remain engaged after first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50 are activated into one or more desired operating states. With transmission 30 in the active neutral startup mode and first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50 activated into one or more desired operating states, drive system 100 may generate electrical power. By way of example, rotation of connecting shaft 36 may rotate first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50 to generate electrical power. In one embodiment, the electrical power is stored for future use. In another embodiment, the electrical power is used to actively power devices associated with the vehicle. In still another embodiment, the electrical power is used to power external devices (e.g., provide export power, etc.).
In other embodiments, at least one of input coupled clutch 140 and output brake 170 are disengaged in response to the generated startup power, the speed of first electromagnetic device 40 and/or second electromagnetic device 50, the generated voltage, and/or the generated voltage and generation time exceeding a threshold level. Such disengagement may prepare transmission 30 to be selectively reconfigured into a drive mode (e.g., low range, mid range, high range, etc.). By way of example, input coupled clutch 140 may be disengaged in response to first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 being activated and controlled (e.g., by controller 210, etc.). Only power split coupled clutch 130 may need to be engaged to selectively reconfigure transmission 30 into the mid range mode, thereby providing a simple and efficient process by which the vehicle may be shifted into a drive mode and driven. In one embodiment, activating one or more of the electromagnetic devices includes controlling second electromagnetic device 50 in a motoring mode where second electromagnetic device 50 provides an input torque to transmission 30 and is commanded to operate at a target speed. Such a speed may be based on the current vehicle speed (e.g., zero if the vehicle is not moving on flat ground, non-zero if the vehicle is rolling up or down a slope at startup, etc.). Commanding the operation of second electromagnetic device 50 may prepare transmission 30 for a shift from the active neutral startup mode of operation (i.e., a selective reconfiguration, etc.) to another driving mode of operation (e.g., a mid range mode of operation, etc.). Such preparation may decrease an inertial jerk on output shaft 32 during the shift.
As shown in FIG. 5, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into a low range mode of operation such that transmission 30 allows for a low output speed operation with a high output torque. The low range mode increases a vehicle's gradability (e.g., facilitates the vehicle maintaining speed on a grade, etc.). In one embodiment, engine 20 provides a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30 such that first electromagnetic device 40 generates electrical power and second electromagnetic device 50 uses the generated electrical power to provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30. As such, engine 20 and second electromagnetic device 50 provide a rotational mechanical energy input to drive at least one of tires 62 and tires 72. In an alternative embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 operates as a motor and second electromagnetic device 50 operates as a generator when transmission 30 is configured in the low range mode.
As shown in FIG. 5 and Table 1, power split coupled clutch 130 and output coupled clutch 150 are engaged when transmission 30 is configured in the low range mode. As shown in FIG. 5, power split coupled clutch 130 and output coupled clutch 150 couple gear set 180 and gear set 190 to output shaft 32, respectively. Accordingly, when engine 20 provides a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30, both power split planetary 110 and output planetary 120 drive output shaft 32 via gear set 180 and gear set 190, respectively. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an energy flow path for the low range includes: engine 20 providing a rotational mechanical energy input to connecting shaft 36; connecting shaft 36 conveying the rotational mechanical energy to ring gear 114; ring gear 114 causing the plurality of planetary gears 116 to rotate about central axes thereof, as well as about sun gear 112 such that both carrier 118 and sun gear 112 rotate; and the rotation of sun gear 112 driving first electromagnetic device 40 such that it operates as a generator (e.g., generates electrical energy, etc.).
Referring still to FIG. 5, the rotation of carrier 118 drives both carrier 128 and gear set 180. Carrier 128 drives the plurality of planetary gears 126 to rotate about sun gear 122 and about central axes thereof. In one embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 receives electrical energy generated by first electromagnetic device 40. Accordingly, second electromagnetic device 50 operates as a motor, providing a rotational mechanical energy input to sun gear 122. The sun gear 122 conveys the rotational mechanical energy to the plurality of planetary gears 126 such that each further rotates about the central axis thereof. The plurality of planetary gears 126 drive ring gear 124, and the rotation of ring gear 124 drives gear set 190. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, gear set 180 and gear set 190 transfer a torque to and from output shaft 32 with power split coupled clutch 130 and output coupled clutch 150 engaged. As such, engine 20 and second electromagnetic device 50 move a vehicle at a low speed with a high output torque.
As shown in FIG. 6, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into a mid range mode of operation such that transmission 30 allows for a mid range output speed operation. The mid range mode may improve low output speed torque and high output speed power. In one embodiment, engine 20 provides a rotational mechanical energy input such that first electromagnetic device 40 generates electrical power, and second electromagnetic device 50 uses the generated electrical power to provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30. Second electromagnetic device 50 thereby provides a rotational mechanical energy input to drive at least one of tires 62 and tires 72. In an alternative embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 operates as a generator while first electromagnetic device 40 operates as a motor when transmission 30 is configured in the mid range mode. In still another alternative embodiment, both first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 operate as a generator in the mid range mode.
As shown in FIG. 6 and Table 1, power split coupled clutch 130 and output brake 170 are engaged when transmission 30 is configured in the mid range mode. As shown in FIG. 6, output brake 170 inhibits the rotation of gear set 190 (e.g., gear 192, gear 194, gear 196, etc.). Output brake 170 thereby rotationally fixes ring gear 124. In one embodiment, engaging output brake 170 substantially eliminates a power dip between output and input modes of transmission 30. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, an energy flow path for the mid range mode includes: engine 20 providing a rotational mechanical energy input to connecting shaft 36 that is conveyed to ring gear 114; ring gear 114 driving the plurality of planetary gears 116 to rotate about central axes thereof, as well as about sun gear 112 such that both carrier 118 and sun gear 112 rotate; and the rotation of carrier 118 driving carrier 128, which rotates the plurality planetary gears 126 about central axes thereof, as well as about sun gear 122.
With ring gear 124 fixed by output brake 170, second electromagnetic device 50 may operate as a motor. In one embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 receives electrical energy generated by first electromagnetic device 40. First electromagnetic device 40 operates as a generator, removing a rotational mechanical energy from sun gear 112. The sun gear 122 conveys the rotational mechanical torque to the plurality of planetary gears 126 such that each further rotates about sun gear 122 (e.g., at an increased rotational speed, etc.). The rotation of the plurality of planetary gears 126 (e.g., effected by sun gear 122, etc.) drives carrier 128 and thereby gear set 180. As shown in FIG. 6, power split coupled clutch 130 couples gear set 180 to output shaft 32 such that the rotational mechanical energy of gear set 180, received from second electromagnetic device 50, drives output shaft 32 at a mid range output speed and may thereby drive a vehicle at a mid range output speed.
As shown in FIG. 7, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into a high range mode of operation such that transmission 30 allows for a high output speed operation. In one embodiment, engine 20 provides a rotational mechanical energy input such that second electromagnetic device 50 generates electrical power while first electromagnetic device 40 uses the generated electrical power to provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30. As such, engine 20 and first electromagnetic device 40 provide a rotational mechanical energy input to drive at least one of tires 62 and tires 72. In an alternative embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 operates as a generator and second electromagnetic device 50 operates as a motor when transmission 30 is configured in the high range mode.
As shown in FIG. 7 and Table 1, power split coupled clutch 130 and input coupled clutch 140 are engaged when transmission 30 is configured in the high range mode. As shown in FIG. 7, the engagement of input coupled clutch 140 with connecting shaft 36 rotationally couples engine 20 and second electromagnetic device 50. By way of example, engine 20 may provide a rotational mechanical energy input to connecting shaft 36 such that second electromagnetic device 50 generates electrical energy. In one embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 receives the electrical energy generated by second electromagnetic device 50. First electromagnetic device 40 operates as a motor, providing a rotational mechanical energy input to sun gear 112 that drives the plurality of planetary gears 116 and carrier 118.
Referring still to FIG. 7, power from engine 20 is transferred to ring gear 114 and the plurality of planetary gears 116. The plurality of planetary gears 116 are driven by both engine 20 (e.g., via ring gear 114, etc.) and first electromagnetic device 40 (e.g., via sun gear 112, etc.). Carrier 118 rotates, which drives gear set 180. As shown in FIG. 7, power split coupled clutch 130 couples gear set 180 to output shaft 32 such that the rotational mechanical energy provided by engine 20 and first electromagnetic device 40 drives a vehicle at a high range speed.
As shown in FIG. 8, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into an intermediate shift mode of operation that facilitates transitioning transmission 30 (i.e., shifting, changing modes, etc.) between the mid range mode of operation and the high range mode of operation. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, input coupled clutch 140, power split coupled clutch 130, and output brake 170 are engaged when transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into the intermediate shift mode of operation. According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate shift mode provides a smooth and robust shifting strategy that functions reliably even in a wide variety of operating conditions, when using various types of oil for the components of transmission 30, and when experiencing valve nonlinearities that may be present in one or more valves of transmission 30. The intermediate shift mode may provide a zero inertia shift through and across two or more overlapping ranges (e.g., the mid range and the high range, etc.). According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 6-8, the intermediate shift mode eliminates the need to simultaneously disengage output brake 170 and engage input coupled clutch 140 to shift from the mid range mode to the high range mode, or vice versa. The intermediate shift mode reduces jerking sensations associated with simultaneously disengaging output brake 170 and engaging input coupled clutch 140 to shift from mid range to high range, providing a smoother ride.
During operation, the intermediate shift mode may be used to shift from mid range mode to high range mode or from high range mode to mid range mode. In one embodiment, transmission 30 is configured in the mid range mode of operation with power split coupled clutch 130 and output brake 170 engaged and configured in the high range mode of operation with power split coupled clutch 130 and input coupled clutch 140 engaged. Transmission 30 may be selectively reconfigured into the intermediate shift mode in response to the difference between a rotational speed of second electromagnetic device 50 and a rotational speed of connecting shaft 36 and/or engine 20 falling below or equaling a threshold level (e.g., approximately zero, five revolutions per minute, fifty revolutions per minute, etc.). Transmission 30 may enter the intermediate shift mode when the rotational speed of second electromagnetic device 50 substantially corresponds with (e.g., matches, is substantially equal to, etc.) the rotational speed of connecting shaft 36 and/or engine 20. In one embodiment, transmission 30 enters the intermediate shift mode when the rotational speeds of second electromagnetic device 50 and connecting shaft 36 and/or engine 20 are between 1,600 and 1,800 revolutions per minute (RPM). By way of example, transmission 30 may enter the intermediate shift mode when the rotational speeds of second electromagnetic device 50 and connecting shaft 36 and/or engine 20 are about 1,600 RPM. One or more sensors may be positioned to monitor the rotational speed of at least one of engine 20, connecting shaft 36, a portion of second electromagnetic device 50, or still another component. A controller (e.g., controller 210, etc.) may reconfigure transmission 30 into the intermediate shift mode in response to sensing signals provided by the one or more sensors.
Shifting into the intermediate shift mode occurs when there is limited (if any) relative movement between clutch disks of input coupled clutch 140. Transmission 30 may be reconfigured into the intermediate shift mode without compromising vehicle performance (e.g., since torque is not removed from output shaft 32, etc.). The intermediate shift mode reduces (e.g., minimizes, etc.) heat generation and clutch wear during shifts by limiting the relative movement between clutch disks of input coupled clutch 140 upon engagement. The intermediate shift mode may thereby increase clutch life.
In operation, the vehicle may be accelerating in the mid range mode. In one embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 provides an output torque in the mid range mode of operation and its speed thereby increases with the speed of the vehicle. As the speed of second electromagnetic device 50 continues to increase with vehicle speed, second electromagnetic device 50 may begin to operate at a rotational speed similar to that of connecting shaft 36 and/or engine 20. Controller 210 may engage input coupled clutch 140 to selectively reconfigure transmission 30 into the intermediate shift mode from the mid range mode. The vehicle may alternatively be decelerating in the high range mode. In one embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 operates as a motor in the high range mode of operation with its speed related to that of connecting shaft 36, engine 20, and/or the speed of the vehicle. The speed of the vehicle and/or the speed of first electromagnetic device 40 may decrease to a speed designated for mid range mode. Controller 210 may engage output brake 170 to selectively reconfigure transmission 30 into the intermediate shift mode from the high range mode.
As shown in FIGS. 6-8, power split coupled clutch 130 is engaged (i.e., is not disengaged, is not open, transfers torque, etc.) in each of the mid range mode, the intermediate shift mode, and the high mode. Transmission 30 having power split coupled clutch 130 engaged in each of these modes facilitates the continuous transfer of power from engine 20 to output shaft 32 during the shift from mid range mode to high range mode. According to an exemplary embodiment, engine 20 is also coupled to output shaft 32 via power split coupled clutch 130 at a fixed ratio during the intermediate shift mode. Maintaining a power path to output shaft 32 during the shift reduces (e.g., eliminates, etc.) jerking associated with shifting traditional transmission systems. In the intermediate shift mode, an acceleration of engine 20 causes an acceleration of the vehicle, and a deceleration of engine 20 causes a deceleration of the vehicle. Powering the vehicle with engine 20 during the shift event increases the overall efficiency of drive system 100 by reducing the electrical power path during the shift event.
Transmission 30 may be configured in the intermediate shift mode for an extended period of time and/or while the while the vehicle traverses an extended distance. Controller 210 may selectively reconfigure transmission 30 out of the intermediate shift mode (e.g., into the mid range mode of operation, into the high range mode of operation, etc.) automatically in response to at least one of an elapsed shift time (e.g., a time that has elapsed while in the intermediate shift mode, etc.), a traveled shift distance (e.g., a distance the vehicle has traveled while in the intermediate shift mode, etc.), a change in engine speed, and a request, among other conditions.
In one embodiment, controller 210 transitions transmission 30 out of the intermediate shift mode in response to an indication that the shift has satisfied at least one of a time-based and a distance-based condition. By way of one example, controller 210 may transition transmission 30 out of the intermediate shift mode in response to an indication that transmission 30 has been in the intermediate shift mode for longer than a predetermined period of time. By way of another example, controller 210 may transition transmission 30 out of the intermediate shift mode in response to an indication that the vehicle has traversed more than a threshold distance.
In another embodiment, controller 210 transitions transmission 30 out of the intermediate shift mode in response to a change in engine speed. Controller 210 may selectively reconfigure transmission 30 into the high range mode from the intermediate shift mode (e.g., by disengaging output brake 170, etc.) in response to an increase in engine speed (e.g., in response to the speed of engine 20 exceeding a threshold speed, etc.). By way of example, the vehicle may encounter a downhill slope, causing the engine speed to increase, and thereby prompting a shift into the high range mode of operation. By way of another example, the engine speed may increase based on a command (e.g., provided by an operator using an accelerator pedal or another input device, provided by a controller as part of an autonomous operation of the vehicle, etc.) that prompts the engine speed to increase.
Controller 210 may selectively reconfigure transmission 30 into the mid range mode from the intermediate shift mode (e.g., by disengaging input coupled clutch 140, etc.) in response to a decrease in engine speed (e.g., in response to the speed of engine 20 falling below a threshold speed, etc.). By way of example, the vehicle may encounter an uphill slope, causing the engine speed to decrease, and thereby prompting a shift into the mid range mode of operation. By way of another example, the engine speed may decrease based on a command (e.g., provided by an operator using a brake pedal or another input device, provided by an operator releasing an accelerator pedal or another input device, provided by a controller as part of an autonomous operation of the vehicle, etc.) that prompts the engine speed to decrease.
In still another embodiment, controller 210 transitions transmission 30 out of the intermediate shift mode in response to a request. By way of example, the request may come from an operator (e.g., provided by way of a user interface, etc.) and indicate the operator's command to enter either the mid range mode of operation or the high range mode of operation. The request may also be provided by a controller as part of an autonomous operation of the vehicle. Such requests may be provided in order to reenter a mode of operation whereby the vehicle operates more efficiently. Such requests may prompt transmission 30 to complete the shift from the mid range mode of operation to the high range mode of operation, complete the shift from the high range mode of operation to the mid range mode of operation, toggle back into the mid range mode of operation from the intermediate shift mode, and/or toggle back into the high range mode of operation from the intermediate shift mode.
In some embodiments, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into the intermediate shift mode from one of the mid range mode and the high range mode, and then is selectively reconfigured back into the previous mode (e.g., mid range mode to intermediate shift mode to mid range mode, etc.). By way of example, transmission 30 may be reconfigured into the intermediate shift mode from the mid range mode in response to second electromagnetic device 50 and engine 20 having a speed differential below a threshold level. An operator may keep engine 20 operating at substantially the same speed for a period of time, driving output shaft 32 with engine 20, and then release the accelerator pedal whereby transmission 30 may be returned to the mid range mode. In one embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 generates electricity in the intermediate shift mode. Second electromagnetic device 50 may provide an output torque to output shaft 32 in the intermediate shift mode. In another embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 generates electricity in the intermediate shift mode. First electromagnetic device 40 may provide an output torque to output shaft 32 in the intermediate shift mode. In still another embodiment, neither or both of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 generate electrical power and/or provide output torque in the intermediate shift mode.
As shown in FIG. 9, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into a low speed reverse mode of operation. In one embodiment, engine 20 provides a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30 such that first electromagnetic device 40 generates electrical power and second electromagnetic device 50 uses the generated electrical power to provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30. As such, engine 20 and second electromagnetic device 50 provide a rotational mechanical energy input to drive at least one of tires 62 and tires 72 in a reverse direction (e.g., backwards, etc.). In an alternative embodiment, first electromagnetic device 40 operates as a motor and second electromagnetic device 50 operates as a generator when transmission 30 is configured in the low speed reverse mode.
As shown in FIG. 9 and Table 1, power split coupled clutch 130 and output coupled clutch 150 are engaged when transmission 30 is configured in the low speed reverse mode. As shown in FIG. 9, the low speed reverse mode is substantially similar to the low range mode of FIG. 5 in that power split coupled clutch 130 and output coupled clutch 150 couple both gear set 180 and gear set 190 to output shaft 32. In the low speed reverse mode, second electromagnetic device 50 may provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30 in an opposite direction as compared to the low range mode of FIG. 5.
As shown in FIG. 10, transmission 30 is selectively reconfigured into a high speed reverse mode of operation such that transmission 30 allows for a high reverse output speed operation. In one embodiment, engine 20 provides a rotational mechanical energy input such that first electromagnetic device 40 generates electrical power, and second electromagnetic device 50 uses the generated electrical power to provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30. As such, second electromagnetic device 50 provides a rotational mechanical energy input to drive at least one of tires 62 and tires 72. In an alternative embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 operates as a generator and first electromagnetic device 40 operates as a motor when transmission 30 is configured in the high speed reverse mode. In still another alternative embodiment, both first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 operate as a generator in the high speed reverse mode.
As shown in FIG. 10 and Table 1, power split coupled clutch 130 and output brake 170 are engaged when transmission 30 is configured in the high speed reverse mode. As shown in FIG. 10, output brake 170 inhibits the rotation of gear set 190 (e.g., gear 192, gear 194, gear 196, etc.). Output brake 170 thereby rotationally fixes ring gear 124. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 10, an energy flow path for the high speed reverse mode includes: engine 20 providing a rotational mechanical energy input to connecting shaft 36 that is conveyed to ring gear 114; and ring gear 114 driving the plurality of planetary gears 116 to rotate about central axes thereof, as well as about sun gear 112 such that both carrier 118 and sun gear 112 rotate.
Referring still to FIG. 10, the rotation of carrier 118 drives carrier 128, which rotates the plurality planetary gears 126 about central axes thereof, as well as about sun gear 122. With ring gear 124 fixed by output brake 170, second electromagnetic device 50 may operate as a motor. In one embodiment, second electromagnetic device 50 receives electrical energy generated by first electromagnetic device 40. Accordingly, first electromagnetic device 40 operates as a generator, removing a rotational mechanical energy from sun gear 112. The sun gear 122 conveys the rotational mechanical torque to the plurality of planetary gears 126 such that each further rotates about sun gear 122 (e.g., at an increased rotational speed, etc.). The rotation of the plurality of planetary gears 126 (e.g., effected by sun gear 122, etc.) drives carrier 128 and thereby gear set 180. As shown in FIG. 10, power split coupled clutch 130 couples gear set 180 to output shaft 32 such that the rotational mechanical energy of gear set 180, received from second electromagnetic device 50, drives output shaft 32 at a high reverse output speed and may thereby drive a vehicle at a high reverse output speed.
According to an alternative embodiment, engine 20 does not provide a rotational mechanical energy input to drive a vehicle. By way of example, first electromagnetic device 40, second electromagnetic device 50, and/or another device may store energy during the above mentioned modes of operation. When sufficient energy is stored (e.g., above a threshold level, etc.), at least one of first electromagnetic device 40 and second electromagnetic device 50 may provide a rotational mechanical energy input to transmission 30 such that the vehicle is driven without an input from engine 20 (e.g., an electric mode, etc.).
Although this description may discuss a specific order of method steps, the order of the steps may differ from what is outlined. Also two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variation will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule-based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps, and decision steps. contrariwise
As utilized herein, the terms “approximately”, “about”, “substantially”, and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the invention as recited in the appended claims.
It should be noted that the term “exemplary” as used herein to describe various embodiments is intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, and/or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such term is not intended to connote that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples).
The terms “coupled,” “connected,” and the like, as used herein, mean the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent, etc.) or moveable (e.g., removable, releasable, etc.). Such joining may be achieved with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being attached to one another.
References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” “between,” etc.) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the figures. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.
It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the electromechanical variable transmission as shown in the exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements. It should be noted that the elements and/or assemblies of the components described herein may be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials that provide sufficient strength or durability, in any of a wide variety of colors, textures, and combinations. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present inventions. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from scope of the present disclosure or from the spirit of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A vehicle, comprising:
an engine;
a drive axle;
a multi-mode transmission selectively coupled to the engine and the drive axle, the multi-mode transmission including:
a first gear set having a first planetary gear carrier and a second gear set having a second planetary gear carrier, wherein the first gear set is coupled to the engine, and wherein the first planetary gear carrier and the second planetary gear carrier are rotatably coupled;
a first motor/generator coupled to the first gear set; and
a second motor/generator electrically coupled to the first motor/generator with a bus, coupled to the second gear set, and selectively coupled to the engine;

a brake positioned to selectively limit a rotational movement of a ring gear of the second gear set when engaged;
a clutch selectively rotationally coupling the second motor/generator to the engine when engaged; and
a controller coupled to the multi-mode transmission and configured to selectively configure the multi-mode transmission into an active neutral startup mode of operation in response to an engine start request by engaging the clutch and the brake such that at least one of the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator produces a voltage that is applied to the bus.

2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to activate the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator into desired states and disengage at least one of the clutch and the brake in response to at least one of the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator at least one of (a) reaching a threshold speed, (b) generating a threshold voltage, (c) producing a threshold voltage for a threshold period of time, and (d) producing a threshold power.

3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to activate the first motor/generator and the second motor/generator into desired states and maintain engagement of the clutch and the brake in response to the first motor/generator at least one of (a) reaching a threshold speed, (b) generating a threshold voltage, (c) producing a threshold voltage for a threshold period of time, and (d) producing a threshold power.

4. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the engine is coupled to a first ring gear of the first gear set with a connecting shaft, and wherein the second motor/generator is coupled to a sun gear of the second gear set such that the engine rotates a sun gear of the first gear set according to a fixed ratio when the brake and the clutch are engaged.

5. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the engine is isolated from the drive axle when the multi-mode transmission is selectively configured into the active neutral startup mode of operation.

6. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the engine start request comprises a directive to turn the engine “on” from an “off” state.

7. The vehicle of claim 6, further comprising at least one of pushbutton, a graphical user interface, and an ignition with which a user interacts to provide the engine start request.

8. A drive system for a vehicle having a drive axle, the drive system comprising:
a first gear set including a first sun gear, a first ring gear, a first plurality of planetary gears coupling the first sun gear to the first ring gear, and a first carrier rotationally supporting the first plurality of planetary gears;
a second gear set including a second sun gear, a second ring gear, a second plurality of planetary gears coupling the second sun gear to the second ring gear, and a second carrier rotationally supporting the second plurality of planetary gears, wherein the first carrier is directly coupled to the second carrier;
a first electrical machine coupled to the first gear set;
a second electrical machine coupled to the second gear set;
a connecting shaft coupling an engine to the first gear set;
a brake positioned to selectively limit a rotational movement of the second ring gear when engaged;
a clutch selectively rotationally coupling the second electrical machine to the connecting shaft and the engine when engaged; and
a controller configured to engage the clutch and the brake in response to an engine start request,
wherein:
the drive system is selectively reconfigurable into an active neutral startup mode of operation whereby at least one of the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine provide a startup power in response to a rotational input from the engine; and
at least one of the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine is actuatable into a desired operating state in response to the startup power exceeding a threshold level.

9. The drive system of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to disengage at least one of the clutch and the brake in response to the startup power exceeding the threshold level.

10. The drive system of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to maintain engagement of the clutch and the brake in response to the startup power exceeding the threshold level.

11. The drive system of claim 8, wherein the engine start request comprises a directive to turn the engine “on” from an “off” state.

12. The drive system of claim 8, wherein the engine is coupled to the first ring gear of the first gear set with the connecting shaft, and wherein the second electrical machine is coupled to the second sun gear of the second gear set such that the engine rotates the first sun gear of the first gear set according to a fixed ratio when the brake and the clutch are engaged.

13. The drive system of claim 8, wherein the engine is isolated from the drive axle when the drive system is selectively configured into the active neutral startup mode of operation.

14. The drive system of claim 8, wherein the first electrical machine includes a first shaft and the second electrical machine includes a second shaft, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are radially aligned with the first gear set, the second gear set, and the connecting shaft.

15. The drive system of claim 8, wherein the first gear set and the second gear set are disposed between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine.

16. A method of operating a multi-mode transmission, comprising:
receiving an engine start request associated with an engine, wherein the engine is coupled to a first electromagnetic device through a first gear set;
engaging a clutch to selectively rotationally couple a second electromagnetic device and a second gear set to the engine;
engaging a brake to selectively limit a rotational movement of a ring gear of the second gear set, wherein a carrier of the second gear set is coupled to a carrier of the first gear set;
generating a startup power by providing a rotational input to the first electromagnetic device with the engine; and
activating at least one of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device into a desired operating state with a controller in response to the startup power exceeding a threshold level.