Geospatial Application:

A Geographic Information

System Interface Designed for

Use in River Management

This PDF file may appear different from the printed report

because of slight variations incurred by electronic transmission.

The substance of the report remains unchanged.

July 1996

Long Term Resource Monitoring Program

Technical Report

96-T003
Geospatial Application:

A Geographic Information System Interface

Designed for Use in River Management

by

David R. McConville

Saint Mary's University of Minnesota

Resource Studies Center

700 Terrace Heights

Winona, Minnesota 55987

Thomas W. Owens

National Biological Service

Environmental Management Technical Center

575 Lester Avenue

Onalaska, Wisconsin 54650

and

Anjela S. Redmond

Illinois Natural History Survey

Pool 26 Field Station

4134 Alby

Alton, Illinois 62002

July 1996
LTRMP Technical Reports provide Long Term Resource Monitoring Program

partners with scientific and technical support.

All reports in this series receive anonymous peer review.

National Biological Service

Environmental Management

Technical Center

CENTER DIRECTOR

Robert L. Delaney

GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS DIRECTOR

Frank D'Erchia

INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY

SERVICES DIRECTOR

Norman W. Hildrum

INFORMATION TRANSFER AND

MEDIA SERVICES MANAGER

Terry D'Erchia

REPORT EDITOR

Deborah K. Harris

Cover graphic by Mi Ae Lipe-Butterbrodt

Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement

or recommendation for use by the National Biological Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.

The National Biological Service . . . gathering, analyzing,

and sharing the biological information necessary to support the wise

stewardship of the Nation's natural resources.

Printed on recycled paper
A Geographic Information System Interface

iii

Contents

Preface................................................................................................................................................... v

Abstract................................................................................................................................................. 1

Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 1

Program Structure ................................................................................................................................. 2

Calhoun Point Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project......................................................... 2

Area Description ............................................................................................................................... 2

Calhoun Point Proposed Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project ..................................... 3

Data Used in the Calhoun Point Interface............................................................................................. 3

Land Cover/Use, 1989....................................................................................................................... 4

Land Cover/Use, 1975....................................................................................................................... 4

Land Cover/Use, 1930....................................................................................................................... 4

Land Cover/Use, 1903....................................................................................................................... 4

Land Cover/Use, 1890s ..................................................................................................................... 4

Land Cover/Use, 1817....................................................................................................................... 5

Wetlands Coverages.......................................................................................................................... 5

Soils................................................................................................................................................... 5

Elevations .......................................................................................................................................... 5

Photocomposites................................................................................................................................ 5

Calhoun Point Management Areas.................................................................................................... 6

Roads................................................................................................................................................. 6

Endangered Species, Historical or Archeological Sites, and Fisheries Research Sites .................... 6

Using the Interface................................................................................................................................ 6

Main Menu ........................................................................................................................................ 6

Main Menu Button: About Calhoun Point ................................................................................... 7

Main Menu Button: Coverages..................................................................................................... 7

Main Menu Button: Mgmt Areas (Management Areas)............................................................. 10

Main Menu Button: Elevations................................................................................................... 10

Main Menu Button: Modeling.................................................................................................... 11

Main Menu Button: Statistics..................................................................................................... 17

Main Menu Button: Help............................................................................................................ 19

Main Menu Button: Sys Env (System Environment) ................................................................. 19

Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 20

References........................................................................................................................................... 20

Appendix A. Flow Charts Documenting the Interface Structure and Program Flow...................... A-1

Appendix B. National Wetlands Inventory Classification for the Calhoun Point Area .................. B-1

Figures

Figure 1. Aerial photocomposite created from 1:15,000-scale color photographs.............................. 2

Figure 2. Calhoun Point Interface Main Menu .................................................................................... 7

Figure 3. About Calhoun Point Menu.................................................................................................. 7

Figure 4. Main Menu with Coverages Menu ....................................................................................... 7

Figure 5. Coverages Menu with Land Cover Menu............................................................................. 8

Figure 6. Display of the 1989 Land Cover Coverage .......................................................................... 8

Figure 7. Coverages Menu with Imagery Menu .................................................................................. 8
A Geographic Information System Interface

iv

Figure 8. Coverages Menu with Wetland Types Menu....................................................................... 8

Figure 9. Coverages Menu with Forest Survey Menu ......................................................................... 9

Figure 10. Coverages Menu with Important Sites Menu..................................................................... 9

Figure 11. Coverages Menu with Sys Env (System Environment) Menu......................................... 10

Figure 12. Main Menu with Mgmt Areas Menu................................................................................ 10

Figure 13. Main Menu with Elevations Menu................................................................................... 11

Figure 14. Main Menu with Modeling Menu .................................................................................... 11

Figure 15. Elevation Change Impact Module with Base Elevation Menu ........................................ 12

Figure 16. Elevation Change Impact Module with Landform Layers Menu..................................... 12

Figure 17. Elevation Change Impact Module with Management Areas Menu ................................. 12

Figure 18. Display of the Elevation Change Impact analysis results ................................................ 13

Figure 19. Number of Dikes Menu.................................................................................................... 13

Figure 20. Dike Elevation Menu........................................................................................................ 13

Figure 21. Display of the Dike Design analysis results..................................................................... 14

Figure 22. Continue Menu from the Dike Development Module...................................................... 15

Figure 23. Display of the Dike Development results......................................................................... 15

Figure 24. Display of the Dike Effectiveness Test results ................................................................ 17

Figure 25. Statistics Menu for selecting a Management Area for analysis ....................................... 17

Figure 26. Coverages Menu with Landcover Menu in the Statistics Module for selecting a

 land cover layer for analysis ............................................................................................ 18

Figure 27. Statistics Menu for selecting an option for analysis ........................................................ 18

Figure 28. Display of Statistics results for Management Area B ...................................................... 18

Figure 29. Main Menu with Sys Env (System Environment) Menu ................................................. 19
A Geographic Information System Interface

v

Preface

!"#$ %&'($ !#)*$ +#,&-).#$ /&'01&)0'($ 2)&()3*$ 4%!+/25$ 63,$ 3-1"&)07#8$ -'8#)$ 1"#$ 931#)

+#,&-).#,$:#;#<&=*#'1$>.1$&?$@ABC$42-D<0.$%36$AAECCF5$3,$3'$#<#*#'1$&?$1"#$GHIH$>)*J$K&)=,$&?

L'(0'##),M$ L';0)&'*#'13<$ /3'3(#*#'1$ 2)&()3*H$ $ !"#$ %!+/2$ 0,$ D#0'($ 0*=<#*#'1#8$ DJ$ 1"#

L';0)&'*#'13<$ /3'3(#*#'1$ !#."'0.3<$ K#'1#)N$ 3$ O310&'3<$ P0&<&(0.3<$ I#);0.#$ I.0#'.#$ K#'1#)N$ 0'

.&&=#)310&'$ 601"$ 1"#$ ?0;#$ G==#)$ /0,,0,,0==0$ +0;#)$ IJ,1#*$ 4G/+I5$ I131#,$ &?$ Q<<0'&0,N$ Q&63N

/0''#,&13N$/0,,&-)0N$3'8$90,.&',0'H$$!"#$GHIH$>)*J$K&)=,$&?$L'(0'##),$=)&;08#,$(-083'.#$3'8

"3,$&;#)3<<$2)&()3*$)#,=&',0D0<01JH$$!"#$*&8#$&?$&=#)310&'$3'8$)#,=#.10;#$)&<#,$&?$1"#$3(#'.0#,$3)#

&-1<0'#8$0'$3$@ABB$/#*&)3'8-*$&?$>()##*#'1H

!"#$G/+I$#'.&*=3,,#,$1"#$.&**#).03<<J$'3;0(3D<#$)#3."#,$&?$1"#$G==#)$/0,,0,,0==0$+0;#)N$3,

6#<<$3,$1"#$Q<<0'&0,$+0;#)$3'8$'3;0(3D<#$=&)10&',$&?$1"#$R3,S3,S03N$P<3.SN$I1H$K)&0TN$3'8$/0''#,&13

+0;#),H$ $ K&'()#,,$ "3,$ 8#.<3)#8$ 1"#$ G/+I$ 1&$ D#$ D&1"$ 3$ '310&'3<<J$ ,0('0?0.3'1$ #.&,J,1#*$ 3'8$ 3

'310&'3<<J$ ,0('0?0.3'1$ .&**#).03<$ '3;0(310&'$ ,J,1#*H$ $ !"#$ *0,,0&'$ &?$ 1"#$ %!+/2$ 0,$ 1&$ =)&;08#

8#.0,0&'$*3S#),$601"$0'?&)*310&'$?&)$*30'130'0'($1"#$G/+I$3,$3$,-,130'3D<#$<3)(#$)0;#)$#.&,J,1#*

(0;#'$01,$*-<10=<#E-,#$."3)3.1#)H$$!"#$<&'(E1#)*$(&3<,$&?$1"#$2)&()3*$3)#$1&$-'8#),13'8$1"#$,J,1#*N

8#1#)*0'#$ )#,&-).#$1)#'8,$3'8$#??#.1,N$8#;#<&=$*3'3(#*#'1$ 3<1#)'310;#,N$*3'3(#$0'?&)*310&'N$ 3'8

8#;#<&=$-,#?-<$=)&8-.1,H

!"#$ ,1)31#(J$ 1&$ .&'8-.1$ ,=3103<$ 3'3<J,#,$ 1&$ =)&;08#$ ,-==&)1$ 1&$ %!+/2$ =3)1'#)$ 3.10;010#,$ 0,

0'.<-8#8$ 0'$ 1"#$ %!+/2$ U=#)310'($ 2<3'$ 4GIV9I$ @AAW5$ 3,$ I1)31#(J$ XHWH@N$ !"#"$%&' !()(

*(+(,"-"+)'(+.'/+($0121'3(&(42$2)2"1H$$!"0,$ )#=&)1$63,$ 8#;#<&=#8$ 601"$ ?-'80'($ =)&;08#8$ DJ$1"#

%&'($!#)*$+#,&-).#$/&'01&)0'($2)&()3*H

>88010&'3<$ .&=0#,$ &?$ 1"0,$ )#=&)1$ *3J$ D#$ &D130'#8$ ?)&*$ 1"#$ O310&'3<$ !#."'0.3<$ Q'?&)*310&'

I#);0.#N$YFBY$2&)1$+&J3<$+&38N$I=)0'(?0#<8N$Z0)(0'03$FF@C@$4@EB[[EYYWECBX\$&)$\[WEXB\EXCY[5H

!"0,$)#=&)1$*3J$D#$.01#8]

/.K&';0<<#N$:H$+HN$!H$9H$U6#',N$3'8$>H$IH$+#8*&'8H$$@AACH$$^#&,=3103<$3==<0.310&']$>

(#&()3="0.$0'?&)*310&'$,J,1#*$0'1#)?3.#$8#,0('#8$?&)$-,#$0'$)0;#)$*3'3(#*#'1H$O310&'3<

P0&<&(0.3<$I#);0.#N$L';0)&'*#'13<$/3'3(#*#'1$!#."'0.3<$K#'1#)N$U'3<3,S3N$90,.&',0'N$_-<J

@AACH$%!+/2$ACE![[WH$$F@$$==H$`$>==#'80T#,$>EPH
A Geographic Information System Interface

1

Geospatial Application:

A Geographic Information System Interface

Designed for Use in River Management

By David R. McConville, Thomas W. Owens, and Anjela S. Redmond

Abstract

A pilot geographic information system (GIS) graphical user interface (GUI) was designed to facilitate habitat rehabilitation

and enhancement planning by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District. Undertaken in summer 1993, the

project was developed to provide sample analyses for the Calhoun Point Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project

on Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River System. The main objective of the project was to show how a GIS can assist in

the design and evaluation of a project. The interface allows users to become familiar with the features of the area from a

contemporary as well as a historical perspective, conduct statistical summaries, and develop and test varying modeling

scenarios involving dike placement and water level elevations. The interface was written in Arc Macro Language and

executed in the ARC/INFO version 6.1 (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA) vector and raster

environment on a UNIX workstation platform. The GUI is menu-driven and designed around an expandable hierarchical

data structure. In operation, the user sets the analysis environment by selecting, through a series of menus, the elements

needed for analysis, including the land cover layer, management plan, and elevations. Graphic and numeric results are

displayed on the screen.

Introduction

Geographic information systems (GIS) are powerful processing tools for spatial analysis. To

demonstrate the capabilities of this tool in facilitating river management and habitat analysis, an

interface program was created by using an ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute,

Redlands, CA) GIS.

We describe a specific interface program example in detail, guiding the user step-by-step

through the interface menus. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), St. Louis District,

expressed an interest in using a GIS for project design and planning on a Habitat Rehabilitation and

Enhancement Project (HREP). At the National Biological Service, Environmental Management

Technical Center (EMTC), at Onalaska, Wisconsin, the interface program was developed around

the requirements for a specific HREP, with the coverages and analysis modules designed to produce

the output that the planners for the project desired. However, the main objective in developing the

program for this project was to show the planners how a GIS can assist in the design and evaluation

of an HREP. Among other aids, the interface affords planners an opportunity to experiment with

levee placement and provides them with the ability to interactively design and analyze the results of

various design scenarios. In this instance, the program served only as an example of how a GIS can

be used in project planning and design.

The interface program can be modified for use with other projects that have the needed spatial

data layers. In addition, the menus and analysis modules in the program could be structured to meet

the objectives of a project with different design and management plans than those of the example

presented in this manual. 
A Geographic Information System Interface

2

Program Structure

Based on a hierarchical data structure, the interface main menu is the trunk of the program and

secondary menus branch from it (Appendix A). As a generic structure, the series of menus provides

access to displays of coverages, management area plans, and elevations that will be used for

analysis. The different management area plans and elevation coverages can be overlaid onto the

other available coverages. The analysis section of the program is a series of modules written in

Arc Macro Language, a programming language in ARC/INFO that processes the data and produces

the results. The user sets the analysis environment by selecting, through a series of menus, the land

cover, management plan, and elevations for analysis. Graphic and numeric results are displayed on

the screen.

Some menu options displayed in the program are not available. If one of these options is chosen,

a message stating the unavailability of this selection will appear. The purpose of providing these

options in the program is to show the user the further capabilities of the program. For example, in

the modeling section of the interface, the user can choose from one or multiple dikes to model. The

user can now exercise the full suite of options for a single-dike design but only a subset of options

for multiple-dike design. The multiple-dike design option was added later to demonstrate the

expandability of the interface.

Calhoun Point Habitat Rehabilitation and

Enhancement Project

 Area Description

Calhoun Point is a floodplain management complex on Pool 26 at the confluence of the Illinois

and Mississippi Rivers in Calhoun County, Illinois. The area is owned by the Corps and is

managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mark Twain

National Wildlife Refuge, and the Illinois Department of

Conservation.

The 890.3-ha (2,200-acre) area consists of lowland hardwood

forests and small areas of open water, backwater sloughs, and

farmland (Fig. 1). Construction of Lock and Dam 26 at Alton,

Illinois, about 32 km (20 mi) downstream of Calhoun Point,

affected the character of the Calhoun Point area by altering the

open-flow regime of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. In 1938,

when the dam was completed and the gates closed, water levels in

Calhoun Point rose 2.6 m (8.5 ft) (Nelson et al. 1994). About

242.8 ha (600 acres) of emergent land in Calhoun Point were

permanently inundated by the increase in river stage. Water

levels in Calhoun Point are now controlled by operations at Lock

and Dam 26. The average water level on Pool 26 is 127.9 m

(419.5 ft).

Figure 1. Aerial photocomposite created from 1:15,000-

scale color photographs.
A Geographic Information System Interface

3

The Calhoun Point area is characterized by low topography, with a high elevation of 131 m

(430 ft) above mean sea level (msl). Most of the area is 129.2 m (424 ft) above msl or lower

(Roelle and Hamilton 1991). Natural and constructed low-head levees are present in parts of

Calhoun Point but do not prevent the flooding by the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers that occurs

because of the low relief of the area. Between 1972 and 1991, the river stage exceeded 129.2 m

(424 ft) above msl on 25 occasions; in some years, floods occurred as many as five times during the

growing season. Silt deposition also occurred during these floods. In 1990, when Calhoun Point

flooded five times, several inches of silt were deposited. According to the Corps (1994), the

average sedimentation rate after impoundment on Pool 26 is 1.3 cm (0.5 inches)/yr.

Frequent flooding and the resulting sedimentation can have negative effects on the biota in

Calhoun Point. Flooding can kill tree seedlings if they are overtopped by floodwaters and can

destroy moist-soil vegetation and agricultural crops used by wildlife. Sedimentation can also

prevent the growth of aquatic vegetation and inhibit movement of and suitable spawning habitat for

several species of fish inhabiting backwaters of Calhoun Point (Corps 1994).

Calhoun Point Proposed Habitat Rehabilitation and

Enhancement Project

The area is recognized as a valuable, multiple-use resource by resource managers in the States of

Illinois and Missouri who have lost substantial portions of their wetlands and want to preserve

remaining areas. The Corps is also interested in preserving and enhancing riverine wetlands. The

area is a candidate for environmental improvement under the Upper Mississippi Environmental

Management Program (Public Law 99-662, Upper Mississippi River Management Act of 1986).

In February 1991, a 4-day workshop was held under the sponsorship of the Riverlands Area

Office of the Corps of Engineers, Region 3 of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Illinois

Department of Conservation. This workshop produced the framework for future management of

Calhoun Point (Roelle and Hamilton 1991). The goal of the proposed habitat rehabilitation project

is to improve and prolong the longevity of the area as a multiple-use resource for fish, wildlife, and

recreation. The most important element of the management plan was determined to be the

re-creation of the low-head levee system around the area. This would simplify water level

management in the area, reduce the frequency of flooding, and reduce sediment inflow. Other

proposed actions included installing water control structures, removing selected woody vegetation

around the fringes of lakes, installing short dikes between lakes to facilitate independent

management, and revegetating certain areas with plants high in waterfowl value. Suggestions for

primary fish habitat improvements included reconnecting selected lakes with the mainstem river in

a way that minimizes silt inflow and dredging selected lakes to re-create deeper water habitat.

Data Used in the Calhoun Point Interface

The availability and suitability of data is an important aspect of any analysis. The National

Biological Service, EMTC, at Onalaska, Wisconsin, maintains an extensive database on the Upper

Mississippi River System. Most of the data used in the program are present in this database.

Descriptions for each spatial coverage used in the interface program for Calhoun Point follow.
A Geographic Information System Interface

4

Land Cover/Use, 1989

The 1989 land cover/use coverage was created from 1:15,000-scale color-infrared aerial

photography using a genus-level classification scheme and a minimum mapping unit of less than 0.4

ha (1 acre), 10% vegetation cover. The data were interpreted by the Midcontinent Ecological

Science Center (D'Erchia 1993).

Land Cover/Use, 1975

The 1975 land cover/use coverage was created as part of the Great River Environmental Action

Team (GREAT) project. The data were interpreted from 1:24,000-scale color-infrared aerial

photography. The minimum mapping unit was about 0.4 ha (1 acre). Copies of the photographic

mylars were rectified and computerized in the early 1990s by the Midcontinent Ecological Science

Center (D'Erchia 1993).

Land Cover/Use, 1930

The 1930 land cover/use coverage was created from a composite of aerial photographs collected

between 1927 and 1936. The photographs were interpreted by the U.S. Geological Survey (Rolla,

Missouri) for inclusion in the Corps St. Louis District's report titled "Terrestrial and aquatic land

use and habitat change as a result of the nine-foot channel project," released March 1980. These

data were then computerized by the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) from

project mylars. Original data interpretation was performed at a 1:24,000-scale and 50% vegetation

cover. The original minimum mapping unit is unknown (D'Erchia 1993).

Land Cover/Use, 1903

The 1903 land cover/use data were created for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Chicago)

from J. W. Woermann's 1902–04 map of the secondary triangulation system of the Illinois and Des

Plaines Rivers from Chicago, Illinois, to the mouth of the Illinois River. Copies of the maps were

computerized by the Pool 26 Field Station, LTRMP. The minimum mapping unit, minimum

vegetative mapping cover, method of data acquisition, original mapping scale, and the scale of the

map computerized are unknown.

Land Cover/Use, 1890s

The 1890s land cover/use data were collected by the Mississippi River Commission Survey.

The data were collected through a series of ground surveys and tower observations, then drafted

using a plane table. The data were computerized in the 1990s by the LTRMP. The original map

scale was 1:20,000 (D'Erchia 1993).
A Geographic Information System Interface

5

Land Cover/Use, 1817

The 1817 land cover/use data were created from a 1817 Federal land surveyors' plat map.

Copies of the maps were provided by the Illinois State archives and the data computerized by the

Pool 26 Field Station, LTRMP. The minimum mapping unit, minimum vegetative mapping cover,

method of data acquisition, original mapping scale, and the scale of the map computerized are

unknown.

Wetlands Coverages

Four National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) wetlands coverages are included. These are NWI

System and Subsystem, System and Class, Class and Subclass, and Water Regime. All were

derived from the NWI wetlands' codes contained in the 1989 land cover/use coverage previously

listed. The NWI classification codes were determined at the time of photointerpretation by

personnel at the Midcontinent Ecological Science Center (D'Erchia 1993).

Soils

The soils coverage was created from paper maps contained within the publication Soil Survey of

Calhoun County, Illinois (Lilly 1989). The scale of the coverage is 1:15,850; the minimum

mapping unit is unknown. The original survey was made by the U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Soil Conservation Service, and by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station (Lilly 1989). The

data were computerized in 1994 by the LTRMP.

Elevations

The elevation contour coverage was created from a 1990 partial 2-ft line contour coverage of the

Calhoun Point Environmental Demonstration Area provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,

St. Louis District, and supplemented with additional field data obtained in spring 1994 (vertical

datum unknown). The field map is unverified, and the original mapping scale and the scale of the

map computerized are unknown. The line coverage was created with the Universal Transverse

Mercator (UTM) coordinate system, Zone 15, North American Datum of 1927. For modeling, 1-ft

raster cell coverages from 420 to 432 ft above msl were interpolated from this line coverage with

the ARC/INFO Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) module. All automation and elevation

coverage derivations occurred at the LTRMP in summer 1993. No quality control of the

interpolated coverage was performed since the interface served only as an example of GIS

capabilities and was not used in the actual Calhoun Point HREP planning and design.

Photocomposites

Georeferenced true-color and color-infrared aerial photocomposites were created. These were

created from the EMTC's 1:15,000-scale photography of Pool 26 from September 1989, using

GRID image analysis tools.
A Geographic Information System Interface

6

Calhoun Point Management Areas

The management areas coverage was created from sketches provided by the Corps, St. Louis

District, Missouri (Gates and Nico 1993). The data were interpreted and computerized by the

LTRMP. The management areas coverage was registered to the 1989 land cover/use coverage

listed previously.

Roads

The road coverage was created from the U.S. Geological Survey's 1:24,000-scale, 7.5-ft

quadrangle tiles (trngrafton & trnbrussels). It was computerized by the LTRMP (D'Erchia 1993).

Endangered Species, Historical or Archeological Sites, and

Fisheries Research Sites

Coverages for endangered species, historical or archeological sites, and fisheries research sites

were created at the Pool 26 Field Station, LTRMP. The endangered species coverage and the

historical or archeological coverages simply provide warnings that sites of significance exist.

Location information is not specific because of the desire to protect the areas. Further information

on endangered species can be obtained from the Program Manager, Endangered Species Protection,

Illinois Department of Conservation, Springfield, Illinois. Information on historical or

archeological sites is available from the Chair, Illinois Archeological Survey Site File Access

Committee, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois. 

The fisheries site coverage was created as a point coverage of active LTRMP fish collection

locations. Specific site information is listed on the fisheries site coverage.

Using the Interface

This program was created in ARC/INFO version 6.1 and run on a Sun workstation platform.

The interface is designed to be run from within the directory that contains the necessary databases

listed in the preceding section. After you have initiated an ARC session, start the interface by

typing "&run calstart" at the ARC prompt.

Upon first entering the program, a menu appears and you are asked to choose the screen display

size. The small screen option is designed for a 14- to 15-inch monitor (if you are using an

X-window emulator program on your personal computer) and the large screen choice is designed

for a 17-inch monitor or larger. Choose the option that applies to your monitor size.

Main Menu

After the screen size has been set, an aerial photocomposite of Calhoun Point is drawn on the

screen, and the Calhoun Point Main Menu appears at the top (Fig. 2). The Main Menu bar contains
A Geographic Information System Interface

7

buttons that represent the eight major components of the program. Information about each

component and the choices available under each button follows.

Main Menu Button: About Calhoun Point

This button provides several views of Calhoun Point to show the location of the project area

from several perspectives. The menu that appears after you select the About Calhoun Point button

contains three choices (Fig. 3). "In the UMRS" presents the area in the perspective of the Upper

Mississippi River System. "On Pool 26" shows the location of Calhoun Point on Pool 26 of the

Mississippi River. "Local Reference" provides a close-up view of the project area in detail, as well

as a brief overview of the area's history.

Main Menu Button: Coverages

Selecting the Coverages button on the Main Menu bar activates the Coverages Menu (Fig. 4).

Menu selections available for viewing different coverages of the Calhoun Point area are land cover

coverages, imagery, wetland types, soil types, endangered species, forest survey, important sites,

roads, and system environment. Each Coverage Menu selection is explained in the following

sections.

Figure 2. Calhoun Point Interface Main Menu.

Figure 3. About Calhoun Point Menu.

Figure 4. Main Menu with Coverages Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

8

Coverages Menu Button: Land Cover Coverages. Coverages displaying land cover from

several years are available under this button selection. From the land cover menu that appears,

you may choose to display land cover for the area from the years 1891, 1930, 1975, and 1989 (Fig.

5). The 1989 land cover display is shown in Figure 6. The year 1992 is also listed on the menu;

however, the coverage is not yet available. Menu selections can be modified to include or exclude

any coverage. The animate option available on the menu will draw each coverage in quick

succession, providing a view of the change in land cover from 1891 to the present.

The 1891 cover was derived from Mississippi

River Commission Survey materials. The 1930

cover was derived from Corps St. Louis District

materials. The 1975 cover was derived from

GREAT I overlays. The 1989 layer was derived

from the EMTC Pool 26 coverage. In each

instance, land cover is represented by a seven-class system consisting of open water, marsh, grass

and forbs, trees and shrubs, agriculture, urban/developed, and sand/mud.

Coverages Menu Button: Imagery. An

Imagery Menu appears next to the Coverages Menu

when you choose this button. You may choose to view

either true-color or color-infrared views of Calhoun

Point (Fig. 7). Both choices are photocomposites

created from 1989 photography and georeferenced

against the EMTC 1989 land cover layer for Pool 26.

Coverages Menu Button: Wetland Types.

When you select this button, the Wetland Types

Menu appears next to the Coverages Menu (Fig. 8).

 Coverages available in this menu group feature 

classifications according to NWI criteria (USFWS

1986). The Wetland Types menu choices are NWI

System and Subsystem, NWI System and Class,

NWI Class and Subclass, and NWI Water Regime. 

Figure 5. Coverages Menu with

Land Cover Menu.

Figure 6. Display of the 1989 Land Cover

Coverage.

Figure 7. Coverages Menu with Imagery

Menu.

Figure 8. Coverages Menu with Wetland

Types Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

9

These coverages were derived from the NWI classification codes present in the EMTC's 1989 land

cover layer for Pool 26 (Appendix B).

Coverages Menu Button: Soil Types. A soils map of the area is displayed on the screen

after you select the Soils Types button. The map was automated from a set of soils maps for

Calhoun County, which were created in 1984 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil

Conservation Service, in conjunction with the Illinois Agricultural Experimental Station.

Coverages Menu Button: Endangered Species. When you choose this button, the sevenclass land cover coverage of Calhoun Point is displayed on the screen along with a statement that

threatened and endangered species are present in Calhoun Point. The agency to contact for more

information is also listed.

Coverages Menu Button: Forest Survey. A

menu that appears when the Forest Survey button is

selected provides you with three options (Fig. 9). The

"1817" and "1903" choices allow you to see the area as

it appeared in these years. The "animate" option draws

the two coverages in quick succession so you can view

the land cover changes. For each coverage, land cover

information is presented according to a four-class

scheme—water, prairie (wet/dry), forest, and

agriculture.

Coverages Menu Button: Important Sites.

Two choices are available on the menu that appears

when you select the Important Sites button (Fig. 10).

"Fisheries Res Sites" draws the locations of the

LTRMP fisheries sites that are sampled by biologists

at the Illinois Natural History Survey's Pool 26 field

station. The "Historical" selection displays the sevenclass land cover coverage of Calhoun Point along with

a statement that historically and archaeologically

significant sites exist in the area. The agency to

contact for further information is also listed.

Coverages Menu Button: Roads. When you choose the Roads button on the Coverages

Menu, roads in the immediate vicinity of Calhoun Point are drawn. Roads shown are either primary

or secondary improved roads. Trails are omitted. The roads presented were selected from the

Digital Line Graph coverage and then updated to include missing roads. Roads may be drawn as a

base layer or as a reference overlay to another layer. They may be drawn as an overlay on any of

the other Coverages Menu coverages, the Mgmt Areas Menu management areas or the Elevations

Menu elevations coverages.

Figure 9. Coverages Menu with Forest

Survey Menu.

Figure 10. Coverages Menu with Important

Sites Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

10

Coverages Menu Button: Sys Env

(System Environment). This button is the last

menu selection in the Coverages Menu and is

designed to allow you to return to the Main Menu

or to clear the screen and allow you to choose

another item from the Coverages Menu. Two

choices are presented on the menu that appears

(Fig. 11). "Stop" signals the end of selections from

the Coverages Menu and returns you to the Main

Menu. "Clear" is used to clear the display screen

between selections in the Coverages Menu.

Main Menu Button: Mgmt Areas (Management Areas)

Selection of this Main Menu button allows you to view one or all of the seven management areas

present under the proposed management plan for Calhoun Point. The management areas are

designated A through G (Gates and Nico 1993). The Mgmt Areas Menu that appears gives you a

choice of viewing all of the areas, or you may select a management area of interest (Fig. 12). A

management area can be drawn as a base layer on an empty graphics screen or as an overlay on

other coverages. Coverages on which management areas may be drawn as an overlay include all of

those presented by the Coverages Menu or the Elevations Menu.

Main Menu Button: Elevations

Elevation information is present in two forms. When the Elevations button is selected, a menu

appears below the button (Fig. 13).

You may choose the "Contours" option, which is a line contour coverage of the elevation in the

area. The contour coverage can be drawn as a base layer on the screen, and roads and management

areas can be added. The contours can also be drawn as an overlay on top of the coverages 

presented under the Coverages Menu options. They may also be overlaid on the TIN-interpolated

grids that are available on the Elevations Menu. The contour coverage was created by automating a

partial 1990 elevation map of the area supplemented with additional data collected in 1993. Both

were obtained from the Corps St. Louis District. Automation occurred at the EMTC.

Figure 11. Coverages Menu with Sys Env

(System Environment) Menu.

Figure 12. Main Menu with Mgmt Areas Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

11

The remaining menu choices consist of a series of TIN-interpolated grids of the line contour

coverage. These coverages draw each 0.3-m (1-ft) interpolated elevation contour as a different

color. The TIN-interpolated grids can be drawn, one at a time, from a base elevation of flat pool to

a high elevation at 132 m (432 ft) above msl. The base TIN grid presents an approximation of how

the area might appear at a river stage of 128–132 m (419−420 ft) above msl because water levels at

Lock and Dam 26 are maintained at an average of 128 m (419.5 ft) above msl (Corps 1994). The

TIN grid at 132 m (432 ft) above msl shows the entire area inundated. Intermediate elevation

coverages present a projection of how the area might appear with successive 0.3-m (1-ft) increases

in river stage. These coverages may also be seen with the animation option as they are drawn in

quick succession.

As the primary purpose of this program was to provide an example of GIS capabilities, no

verification of the interpolated grids occurred. However, if the program was to be funded for the

purpose of providing actual input into the design and planning phase of a project, then verification

would be necessary.

Main Menu Button: Modeling

The Modeling option is the backbone of the interface program and consists of five interactive

modeling options. When you select the Modeling button, a menu appears listing the five modeling

choices (Fig. 14). They are "Elevation Change Impact," "Dike Design," "Dike Development,"

"Dike Effectiveness Test," and "Flood Animation." The Elevation Change Impact module is an

Figure 13. Main Menu with Elevations Menu.

Figure 14. Main Menu with Modeling Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

12

independent module that can be run anytime. The remaining modules must be completed

sequentially because each module, except the first, provides input to the next module. Each

available modeling option is explained below. Again, it is emphasized that the project

demonstrated in this user's manual is an example and not used in actual project design.

Modeling Menu Button: Elevation Change Impact. When this module is executed, you can

visualize the area as it appears at a river stage you select, and see how it changes as the river

increases to a selected higher stage. As the user, you control the environment for analysis and set

the modeling environment through menu selections. First, a sidebar menu appears and you are

prompted to choose the base elevation (Fig. 15). At the next menu, you are prompted to choose the

new, higher elevation. A third menu appears and you must choose the landform layer to view in

relation to the change in stage (Fig. 16). The landform choices are "1989 Land Cover (7-Class),"

"1989 Land Cover (13-Class)," "1989 NWI System & Subsys," "1989 NWI System & Class,"

"1989 NWI Class & Subclass," "1989 NWI Water Regime," and "1984 SCS Soils."

The last input menu seeks information about the proposed management areas you would like to

include in the analysis. You may select all areas or any one of the individual management areas

(Fig. 17).

When analysis is complete,

the results appear in the four quadrants of the display screen (Fig. 18). The base elevation coverage

is displayed in the upper left quadrant. The upper right quadrant displays the portion of the

management area of interest that remains dry after the increase in river stage and shows where

inundation occurred. The lower left quadrant displays what landform features in the management

area of interest are lost by the increase in river stage. The lower right quadrant presents a numeric

summary (in hectares) of the features inundated.

Figure 15. Elevation

Change Impact Module with

Base Elevation Menu.

Figure 16. Elevation Change

Impact Module with Landform

Layers Menu.

Figure 17. Elevation

Change Impact Module with

Management Areas Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

13

Modeling Menu Button: 

Dike Design. This interface

option allows you to lay out a

dike design. The procedure

begins by offering you a choice

of creating one or multiple dikes

in the project area (Fig. 19). 

Next, you are presented with a

sidebar menu asking for a dike's

design elevation (Fig. 20).

An ARCEDIT session is

activated for on-screen dike

digitizing. In the window, a 1989

true-color photocomposite is

drawn. Overlaid on this is a

Figure 18. Display of the Elevation Change Impact analysis results.

Figure 19. Number of Dikes

Menu.

Figure 20. Dike Elevation

Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

14

coverage, drawn in red, showing the areas that are at or above the dike's design elevation.

Instructions for digitizing are presented in the main graphics window. To ensure integrity of the

proposed dike, you are encouraged to tie all dike ends into the red areas (areas with elevations at or

above the dike's design elevation). The columnar dike created by the model has a top design width

of 15 m. This dike structure can be modified to meet the requirement of a specific project.

When analysis is completed, the graphics window is divided into two parts (Fig. 21). The left

half displays the proposed dike or dikes overlaid on the 1989 true-color photocomposite of the area.

 The dike is presented according to a color code scheme that signals how much fill isneeded to raise

the various dike areas to the dike design height. The right half presents a numeric summary that

includes the dike design elevation, total dike length (in feet) and a summary of fill required to

achieve design elevations. Areas where no elevation information exists or areas within the dike's

route that already equal or exceed the dike's design height are also presented and numerically

summarized.

Figure 21. Display of the Dike Design analysis results.
A Geographic Information System Interface

15

Modeling Menu Button: Dike Development. Before the

module begins, a menu appears and you are asked if a dike has been

designed (Fig. 22). If you have completed this step, choose

"Continue" from the menu. If you have not created a dike yet,

choose "No" from the menu and return to the Dike Design module. 

This option works for both a single dike design as well as a

multiple-segment dike design.

Execution of the Dike Development module begins by testing to

verify that the Dike Design module has been exercised and that a

dike was successfully created. If anything erroneous is detected,

you are returned to the Dike Design module. If a dike is determined

to exist, it is then merged with the Calhoun 419 msl base elevation

coverage (normal pool level). Results are presented on a split

screen (Fig. 23). The left half shows the base elevation coverage integrated the dike. The right half

presents a numeric summary that includes the dike's design elevation (in feet), the number of dike

segments created, and the linear length of each segment (in meters).

Figure 22. Continue Menu

from the Dike Development

Module.

Figure 23. Display of the Dike Development results.
A Geographic Information System Interface

16

Modeling Menu Button: Dike Effectiveness Test. This module tests the integrity of a

simulated dike. It can be executed only after the Dike Design and Dike Development modules have

been completed. This module tests dike integrity by checking to see if polygon topology is present

for the area inside the dike. You must have connected the dike you create to itself or to the higher

elevation areas shown in red on coverage over which you digitized the dike. If a problem is

detected, you are returned to the Main Menu. In the initial version of the interface, if you choose to

design multiple dikes, you will not be able to continue any further in the modeling process. A

message will appear on the screen indicating that this option is not available yet. The multiplesegment dike option provides an example of how the program can be modified. If you have chosen

to design only one dike, the Dike Effectiveness Test will continue.

This module is computationally intensive. It tests to determine whether the simulated dike

maintains its integrity and isolates the area landward at a river stage greater than the design height

of the dike. If the dike fails, you are notified that the dike was not effective. A display of the

ineffective dike appears on the left half of the graphics screen, showing what features would be

inundated. On the right half of the graphics screen, you receive a summary message suggesting that

you return to the Dike Design module and start over.

If it is determined that the simulated dike has protected the area behind it, then several additional

steps are undertaken. First, the area (in hectares) protected by the dike is determined. Second, a

view of the protected area as it would look when the river stage is less than or equal to the design

height of the dike is created. Last, the area (in hectares) of each land cover type that would be lost

should the dike fail at the design height is determined.

The graphics screen is divided into four quadrants to display the results (Fig. 24). The base

elevation with the dike overlaid on it is presented in the upper left quadrant. The protected area

behind the simulated dike is presented in the upper right quadrant. The area that would be

inundated should the dike fail at a river stage equal to the dike design height is presented in the

lower left quadrant. Numeric results are presented in the lower right quadrant, listing the land cover

types that would be inundated should the dike fail.

Modeling Menu Button: Flood Animation. Flood animation is the last of the dynamic

modeling options. Like the others, it can be executed only if the previous steps have been

completed, namely the Dike Design, Dike Development, and Dike Effectiveness Test modules. It

begins by testing to verify that the previous modules have been run. If an error is detected, you are

returned to the Main Menu.

If the dike passes all tests, a menu appears and prompts you to enter a river stage crest height.

This height is then used to model the effect of high water on the area.

Results presented on the graphics screen are a simulation of the river stage rising, reaching a

crest, and then receding to the base elevation. As the crest rises, the diked area maintains its

integrity until the river stage reaches one stage greater than the dike design height. The river stage

continues to increase and the area is submersed. Initially, if overtopped, an outline of the dike is

visible, but it disappears if the river stage continues to rise.
A Geographic Information System Interface

17

Main Menu Button: Statistics

The Statistics option determines the area (in hectares) by class for the land cover layer or by

elevation for the flat pool elevation coverage. Statistics may be performed on any of the

sevenmanagement areas. You set the analysis by choosing the management area of interest, the

coverage, and the statistics option from menus that appear on the screen. The only statistics option

now available is an area summary. Summary statistics options can be added (Figs. 25, 26, 27).

Figure 24. Display of the Dike Effectiveness Test results.

Figure 25. Statistics Menu for selecting a Management Area for analysis.
A Geographic Information System Interface

18

Results are presented on a split graphics screen (Fig. 28). The left half of the screen presents the

land cover layer overlaid with the management area of interest. The right half contains the numeric

summaries.

Figure 26. Coverages Menu with Landcover Menu

in the Statistics Module for selecting a land cover

layer for analysis.

Figure 27. Statistics Menu for selecting

an option for analysis.

Figure 28. Display of Statistics results for Management Area B.
A Geographic Information System Interface

19

Main Menu Button: Help

The Help button is designed to provide you with on-screen help for any interface component and

is set up to follow the interface menu format. Navigate the menus that appear until help is obtained

on the interface component of interest.

Main Menu Button: Sys Env (System Environment)

The System Environment button provides you with several options for systems maintenance. In

the Sys Env menu, the Main Menu button offers you several choices (Fig. 29). These choices are

"Quit," "Stop," "Clear," "Zoom In," and "Dismiss Zoom Window." Each selection is explained in

further detail.

Sys Env Menu: Quit. The "Quit" choice ends the operation of the interface. When "Quit" is

chosen, an orderly shutdown of the interface occurs and unneeded coverages are deleted. System

messages are presented on the graphics window as shutdown progresses.

Sys Env Menu: Stop. "Stop" exits the menu you are presently in and takes you back to the

Main Menu.

Sys Env Menu: Clear. "Clear" is available to clear the graphics screen. If you are uncertain

as to what can be overlaid on what, you can use the "Clear" option to ensure that an interface

analysis venture will begin with a clear screen.

Sys Env Menu: Zoom In and Dismiss Zoom Window. Zoom In and Dismiss Zoom

Window are features that work as a pair. The Zoom In button can be selected anytime when active

processing is not occurring. It creates a zoom window in the lower left corner and presents

crosshairs in the graphics window. You should use the crosshairs to select the area to be enlarged. 

The entire graphics screen will be redrawn. The selected area will be drawn in enlarged form in the

zoom window. When you are finished viewing the zoomed area, the zoom window should be

dismissed by selecting the Dismiss Zoom Window.

Figure 29. Main Menu with Sys Env (System Environment) Menu.
A Geographic Information System Interface

20

Summary

The Calhoun Point graphical user interface was developed in response to a request by the St.

Louis District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to create a geographic information systems tool

that would facilitate Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project planning in Pool 26. Our

objective was to create a "user-friendly" interface that planners could use to analyze habitat

characteristics of the area, experiment with management scenarios, create statistical summaries, and

generate graphical visualizations.

In accomplishing this objective, the interface was designed with a modular structure. The

modular design of the interface facilitates modification of the program and, as such, the interface

could be readily adapted for use with another HREP in another area of the Mississippi River.

Additionally, because of its structured design, the opportunities for expansion of the interface to

offer new analyses are limitless. This document is a user's manual that describes how to use the

interface. It also provides a brief description of the data layers utilized by the interface and a

summary of the history behind the Calhoun Point project.

References

D'Erchia, F. 1993. Metadata catalog of spatial data for the Upper Mississippi River System Long

Term Resource Monitoring Program. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental

Management Technical Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, November 1993. Revised by the National

Biological Survey, April 1994. EMTC 93-P009. 75 pp. (NTIS #PB94-13002)

Gates, D., and L. G. Nico. 1993. Memo to Interagency Study Team Members, Calhoun Point

Environmental Management Plan Project—Information Packet. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,

St. Louis District. 36 pp.

Lilly, M. E. 1989. Soil survey of Calhoun County, Illinois. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil

Conservation Service. 113 pp.

Nelson, J. C., A. Redmond, and R. E. Sparks. 1994. Impacts of settlement on floodplain vegetation

at the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Transactions of the Illinois State

Academy of Science 87(3 and 4):117-133.

Roelle, J. E., and D. B. Hamilton. 1991. A concept plan for enhancement of fish and wildlife

resources at Calhoun Point, Illinois. Results of a workshop held in February 1991, U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 32 pp.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1994. Pages 1–20 in Upper Mississippi River System

Environmental Management Program-Definite Project Report (SL-7) with Integrated

Environmental Assessment, Calhoun Point Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project,

Pool 26, Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, Calhoun County, Illinois. U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers, St. Louis District.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWFS). 1993. Operating Plan for the Upper Mississippi River

System Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. Environmental Management Technical
A Geographic Information System Interface

21

Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, Revised September 1993. EMTC 91-P002R. 179 pp. (NTIS

#PB94-160199)

USFWS. 1986. Photointerpretation conventions for the National Wetlands Inventory. 

29 pp. + Appendixes.
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-1

Appendix A. Flow Charts Documenting the Interface

Structure and Program Flow.

Calhoun Point Project Flow Chart

pg. A-2 pg. A-2 pg. A-3 pg. A-3 pgs. A-4−A-6 pg. A-7 pg. A-7 pg. A-8

Calstart.aml

Bigsetup.aml Smallsetup.aml

Screensize.menu

Main.menu

About Calhoun Point Coverages Mgmt Elevations Modeling Statistics Help Sys Env

 Areas
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-2

Roads.aml

About Calhoun Point Coverages Mgmt Elevations Modeling Statistics Help Sys Env

Calhoun Point Main Menu

Aboutcalpt.aml Coverages.menu

Coverages Main Menu

Drawphoto.aml Nwi.aml Soils.aml End_species.aml Draw_forest.aml

Fisheries Res Sites Historical

Fishsite.aml Historical.aml

 Landcover Imagery Wetland Soil Endangered Forest Important Roads

 Coverages Types Types Species Survey Sites

Drawcover.aml Drawcover.aml

Animate Single Cover

Areas
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-3

Elevations Menu

Elev.aml Animate.aml Animate.aml

 Contours Animate 420 to 432 Elevation Selection

About Calhoun Point Coverages Mgmt Elevations Modeling Statistics Help Sys Env Areas

Calhoun Point Main Menu

Drawarea.aml
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-4

Modeling Menu

 Dike_layout.aml

 Dike_start.aml

if 1 dike

 Numb_dikes.menu

if

many

dikes

 Dike_layout2.aml

 Dike_elevation.menu

 Dike_layout2.aml

 Ae-ap2.aml

Job_finished.menu Dike-layout.aml

Yes

Draw_dike_elev2.aml

 Elev_impact.aml

 Elev_impact.menu

 Elev_impact.aml

 Elev_impact.menu

 Elev_impact.aml

 Layers.menu

 Elev_impact.aml

 Area.menu

 Elev_impact.aml

 Draw-elev_impact.aml

Elevation Change Dike Design Dike Development Dike Effectiveness Flood Animation

Impact Test

About Calhoun Point Coverages Mgmt Elevations Modeling Statistics Help Sys Env

 Areas

Calhoun Point Main Menu

pg. A-5 pg. A-6 pg. A-6

 Dike_layout.aml

Dike_elevation.menu

 Dike_layout.aml

Ae-ap.aml

 Dike_layout.aml

 Draw-dike_elev.aml

No
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-5

 Elevation Change Dike Design Dike Development Dike Effectiveness Flood Animation

 Impact Test

About Calhoun Point Coverages Mgmt Elevations Modeling Statistics Help Sys Env

 Areas

Calhoun Point Main Menu

 if 1 dike if many dikes

Dike-dev.aml Dike_dev2.aml

No

Dike

No

Dike

Continue.menu Dike_layout.aml Continue.menu Dike_layout2.aml

Dike

Exists

Dike

Exists

Dike

Exists

Dike not

found Dike not

 found

Dike_dev.aml Dike_layout.aml Dike_dev2.aml Dike_layout2.aml

Dike

Exists

Dike_dev.aml Dike_dev2.aml

Draw-dike_dev.aml Draw-dike_dev2.aml

Modeling Menu
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-6

 Elevation Change Dike Design Dike Development Dike Effectiveness Flood Animation

 Impact Test

About Calhoun Point Coverages Mgmt Elevations Modeling Statistics Help Sys Env

 Areas

Calhoun Point Main Menu

Modeling Menu

if one

dike chosen

if

many

dikes

chosen

Not_work.aml

if one

dike

chosen

If

many

dikes

chosen

 Not_work.aml

 Flood.aml

Top_dike.menu

 Flood.aml

No

Continue? Modeling

Menu

Yes

 Flood.aml

 Flood.menu

 Flood.aml

Draw-flood.aml

Top_dike.aml

Top_dike.menu

Top_dike.aml

No

Continue? Modeling

Menu

Yes

Top_dike.aml

Draw-top_dike.aml
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-7

 About Calhoun Point Coverages Mgmt Elevations Modeling Statistics Help Sys Env

 Areas

Calhoun Point Main Menu

Covers.menu

Statistics.menu

Stat_choice.aml

Help.aml

Coverageshlp.menu Modelinghlp.menu

Coverageshlp.aml Modelinghlp.aml
A Geographic Information System Interface

A-8

About Calhoun Point C overages M gm t Elevations M odeling Statistics Help Sys Env

 Areas

C alhoun Point M ain M enu

Sys Env Menu

 Zoom In D ism iss_Zoom W indow

Zoom .am l D ism iss_zoom .am l

 if m enu selection is

 Landcover D rawcover.am l

 M gm t Areas D rawarea.am l

 E levation C ontours E lev.am l

 W etlands N wi.am l

 E levation A nim ate or S ingle A nim ate.am l

 S oils S oils.am l

 Im agery D raw photo.am l

 E levation C hange Im pact D raw -elev_im pact.am l

 D ike D esign D raw-dike_elev.am l

 D ike D evelopm ent D raw-dike_dev.am l

 E ndangered S pecies E nd_species.am l

 H istoric S ites H istorical.am l

 Fisheries R es S ites Fishsite.am l

 D ike E ffectiveness Test D raw-top_dike.am l

 Flood A nim ation D raw-flood.am l
A Geographic Information System Interface

B-1

Appendix B. National Wetlands Inventory

Classification for the Calhoun Point Area.

________________________________________________________________________________

NWI Code Classification

________________________________________________________________________________

PFO1Ah Palustrine, forested; broadleaf deciduous, temporary, impounded

PSS1Ah Palustrine, scrub/shrub; broadleaf deciduous, temporary, impounded

EM1Ch Palustrine, emergent; persistent, seasonal, impounded

U Unknown

PEM1Fh Palustrine, emergent; persistent, semipermanent, impounded

L2AB3Hh Lacustrine, littoral, aquatic bed, rooted vascular, permanent, impounded

L2UB3Hh Lacustrine, littoral, unconsolidated bottom, mud, permanent, impounded

PFO1Ch Palustrine, forested, broadleaf deciduous, seasonal, impounded

PEM1Ah Palustrine, emergent, persistent, temporary, impounded

L1UB3Hh Lacustrine, limnetic, unconsolidated bottom, mud, permanent, impounded

L2AB4Hh Lacustrine, littoral, aquatic bed, floating vascular, permanent, impounded

L2EM2Hh Lacustrine, littoral, emergent, nonpersistent, permanent, impounded

PSS1Ch Palustrine, scrub/shrub, broadleaf deciduous, seasonal, impounded

L2EM2Gh Lacustrine, littoral, emergent, nonpersistent, intermittently exposed, impounded

L2AB4Gh Lacustrine, littoral, aquatic bed, floating vascular, intermittently exposed, 

impounded

PAB4Hh Palustrine, aquatic bed, floating vascular, intermittently exposed, impounded

PEM2Gh Palustrine, emergent, nonpersistent, intermittently exposed, impounded

PAB4Gh Palustrine, aquatic bed, floating vascular, permanent, impounded

PUB3Gh Palustrine, unconsolidated bottom, mud, intermittently exposed, impounded

PAB3Hh Palustrine, aquatic bed, rooted vascular, permanent, impounded
A Geographic Information System Interface

B-2

PAB3Gh Palustrine, aquatic bed, rooted vascular, intermittently exposed, impounded

L2US2Ch Lacustrine, littoral, unconsolidated shore, sand, intermittently exposed, impounded

PEM2Hh Palustrine, emergent, nonpersistent, permanent, impounded

L2US2Chs Lacustrine, littoral, unconsolidated shore, sand, seasonal, impounded, spoil

PUS3Ch Palustrine, unconsolidated shore, mud, seasonal, impounded

L2RS2Ch Lacustrine, littoral, rocky shore, rubble, seasonal, impounded

PEM1Chs Palustrine, emergent, persistent, seasonal, impounded, spoil

PUB3Ghx Palustrine, unconsolidated bottom, mud, intermittently exposed, impounded, 

excavated

________________________________________________________________________________
+L2U+!$:UKG/LO!>!QUO$2>^L V&)*$>==)&;#8

U/P$O&H$[\[XE[@BB

2-D<0.$)#=&)10'($D-)8#'$?&)$1"0,$.&<<#.10&'$&?$0'?&)*310&'$0,$#,10*31#8$1&$3;#)3(#$@$"&-)$=#)$)#,=&',#N$0'.<-80'($1"#$10*#$?&)$)#;0#60'($0',1)-.10&',N$,#3)."0'($#T0,10'(

8313$,&-).#,N$(31"#)0'($3'8$*30'130'0'($1"#$8313$'##8#8N$3'8$.&*=<#10'($3'8$)#;0#60'($1"#$.&<<#.10&'$&?$0'?&)*310&'H$$I#'8$.&**#'1,$)#(3)80'($1"0,$D-)8#'$#,10*31#$&)

3'J$&1"#)$3,=#.1$&?$1"0,$.&<<#.10&'$&?$0'?&)*310&'N$0'.<-80'($,-((#,10&',$?&)$)#8-.0'($1"0,$D-)8#'N$1&$93,"0'(1&'$a#38b-3)1#),$I#);0.#,N$:0)#.1&)31#$?&)$Q'?&)*310&'

U=#)310&',$3'8$+#=&)1,N$@F@Y$_#??#),&'$:3;0,$a0("63JN$I-01#$@F[XN$>)<0'(1&'N$Z>$FFF[FEXW[FN$$3'8$1&$1"#$U??0.#$&?$/3'3(#*#'1$3'8$P-8(#1N$23=#)6&)S$+#8-.10&'

2)&c#.1$4[\[XE[@BB5N$93,"0'(1&'N$:HKH$F[Y[W

@H$>^LOKd$GIL$UO%d$4%#3;#$D<3'S5 FH$+L2U+!$:>!L

_-<J$@AAC

WH$+L2U+!$!d2L$>O:$:>!LI$KUZL+L:

XH$!Q!%L$>O:$IGP!Q!%L

^#&,=3103<$3==<0.310&']$$>$(#&()3="0.$0'?&)*310&'$,J,1#*$0'1#)?3.#$8#,0('#8$?&)$-,#$0'$)0;#)$*3'3(#*#'1

YH$VGO:QO^$OG/PL+I

CH$>G!aU+4I5

:3;08$+H$/.K&';0<<#N@

$!"&*3,$9H$U6#',NF$3'8$>'c#<3$IH$+#8*&'8W

\H$2L+VU+/QO^$U+^>OQe>!QUO$O>/L$>O:$>::+LII

@

I30'1$/3)JM,$G'0;#),01J$&?$/0''#,&13N$+#,&-).#$I1-80#,$K#'1#)N$\[[$!#))3.#$a#0("1,N$90'&'3N$/0''#,&13$YYAB\

F

O310&'3<$P0&<&(0.3<$I#);0.#N$L';0)&'*#'13<$/3'3(#*#'1$!#."'0.3<$K#'1#)N$Y\Y$%#,1#)$>;#'-#

U'3<3,S3N$90,.&',0'$YXCY[

W

Q<<0'&0,$O31-)3<$a0,1&)J$I-);#JN$2&&<$FC$V0#<8$I1310&'N$X@WX$><DJN$><1&'N$Q<<0'&0,$CF[[F

BH$2L+VU+/QO^$U+^>OQe>!QUO

$$$+L2U+!$OG/PL+

AH$I2UOIU+QO^f/UOQ!U+QO^$>^LOKd$O>/L4I5$>O:$>::+LII4LI5

O310&'3<$P0&<&(0.3<$I#);0.#

L';0)&'*#'13<$/3'3(#*#'1$!#."'0.3<$K#'1#)

Y\Y$%#,1#)$>;#'-#

U'3<3,S3N$90,.&',0'$YXCY[

@[H$I2UOIU+QO^f/UOQ!U+QO^

$$$$>^LOKd$+L2U+!$OG/PL+

ACE![[W

@@H$IG22%L/LO!>+d$OU!LI

@F3H$:QI!+QPG!QUOf>Z>Q%>PQ%Q!d$I!>!L/LO!

+#<#3,#$-'<0*01#8H$$>;30<3D<#$?)&*$O310&'3<$!#."'0.3<$Q'?&)*310&'$I#);0.#N$YFBY$2&)1$+&J3<$+&38N$I=)0'(?0#<8N$Z>$FF@C@$

4@EB[[EYYWECBX\$$&)$\[WEXB\EXCY[5

@FDH$:QI!+QPG!QUO$KU:L

@WH$>PI!+>K!$4/3T0*-*$F[[$6&)8,5

A pilot geographic information system (GIS) graphical user interface (GUI) was designed to facilitate habitat rehabilitation and enhancement planning by the U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers, St. Louis District. Undertaken in summer 1993, the project was developed to provide sample analyses for the Calhoun Point Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement

Project on Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River System. The main objective of the project was to show how a GIS can assist in the design and evaluation of a project. The

interface allows users to become familiar with the features of the area from a contemporary as well as a historical perspective, conduct statistical summaries, and develop and test

varying modeling scenarios involving dike placement and water level elevations. The interface was written in Arc Macro Language and executed in the ARC/INFO version 6.1

(Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA) vector and raster environment on a UNIX workstation platform. The GUI is menu-driven and designed around an

expandable hierarchical data structure. In operation, the user sets the analysis environment by selecting, through a series of menus, the elements needed for analysis, including the land

cover layer, management plan, and elevations. Graphic and numeric results are displayed on the screen.

@XH$IGP_LK!$!L+/I

^#&()3="0.$0'?&)*310&'$,J,1#*N$^QI$*&8#<0'(N$"3D0131$0*=)&;#*#'1N$,=3103<$*&8#<0'(N$6#1<3'8,$#'"3'.#*#'1

@YH$OG/PL+$UV$2>^LI

F@$==H$`$>==#'80T#,$>EP

@CH$2+QKL$KU:L

@\H$ILKG+Q!d$K%>IIQVQK>!QUO

$$$$UV$+L2U+!

G'.<3,,0?0#8

@BH$ILKG+Q!d$K%>IIQVQK>!QUO

$$$$UV$!aQI$2>^L

G'.<3,,0?0#8

@AH$ILKG+Q!d$K%>IIQVQK>!QUO

$$$$UV$>PI!+>K!

G'.<3,,0?0#8

F[H$%Q/Q!>!QUO$UV$>PI!+>K!
!"#$%&'($!#)*$+#,&-).#$/&'01&)0'($2)&()3*$4%!+/25$6&)$1"#$788#)$/0,,0,,0880$+09#)

:;,1#*$<3,$3-1"&)0=#>$-'>#)$1"#$?31#)$+#,&-).#,$@#9#A&8*#'1$B.1$&6$CDEF$3,$3'$#A#*#'1

&6$1"#$G'90)&'*#'13A$/3'3(#*#'1$2)&()3*H$$!"#$*0,,0&'$&6$1"#$%!+/2$0,$1&$8)&90>#

)09#)$*3'3(#),$<01"$0'6&)*310&'$6&)$*30'130'0'($1"#$788#)$/0,,0,,0880$+09#)$:;,1#*$3,$3

,-,130'3IA#$A3)(#$)09#)$#.&,;,1#*$(09#'$01,$*-A108A#J-,#$."3)3.1#)H$$!"#$%!+/2$0,$3

.&&8#)3109#$#66&)1$I;$1"#$K310&'3A$L0&A&(0.3A$:#)90.#M$1"#$7H:H$B)*;$N&)8,$&6$G'(0'##),M

3'>$1"#$:131#,$&6$OAA0'&0,M$O&<3M$/0''#,&13M$/0,,&-)0M$3'>$?0,.&',0'H