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Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial

American Battle Monuments Commission
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Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial

LOCATION

The Epinal American Cemetery and 

Memorial is situated 4 miles (6.5 

kilometers) southeast of Epinal, Vosges, 

France, on Road D-157, in the village of 

Dinoze-Quequement. It can be reached by 

automobile from Paris, 231 miles (372 

kilometers), in about five hour via toll 

AutoRoute A-4, eastward to the Nancy 

exit, then onto Highway N-57. 

Approaching Epinal, from Nancy, avoid 

the city of Epinal by staying on N-57 

toward Remiremont-Mulhouse, existing at 

Arches-Dinoze.

Rail service is available from Gare de I’Est station in Paris via Nancy, where it may 

be necessary to change trains. The journey by train also requires about 5 hours.

Air travel service is available from Paris to the Epinal-Mirecourt Airport. The 

journey takes about 45 minutes. Adequate hotel accommodations and taxi service can be 

found in Epinal and vicinity.

HOURS

The cemetery is open daily to the public from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm except December 25 

and January 1. It is open on host country holidays. When the cemetery is open to the 

public, a staff member is on duty in the Visitors’ Building to answer questions and escort 

relatives to grave and memorial sites.

HISTORY

On 15 August 1944, just a little over two months after the landings in Normandy, Allied 

Forces launched an amphibious assault to free southern France. Air bombardment in 

preparation for the landings began in July and grew steadily in intensity. Preceded by 

Allied assault groups and U.S. airborne and glider troops, under cover of heavy naval and 
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aerial bombardment, the 3rd , 36th and 45th Divisions of the U.S. VI Corps landed on the 

beaches in southern France from Cape Cavalaire to Agay and thrust rapidly inland. As 

advancing VI Corps troops of the U.S. Seventh Army pursued the enemy, French units 

landed and moved westward toward Toulon and Marseilles. Within two weeks both ports 

had been liberated and U.S. forces had advanced northward up the Rhone Valley to seize 

Montelimar, cutting off large numbers of the retreating enemy.

In less than one month, U.S. troops from southern France had advanced 400 miles 

and made contact with those from Normandy on 11 September 1944 at Sombernon, west 

of Dijon. Ten days later, when these forces had joined in strength near Epinal, a solid 

line was established extending to the Swiss frontier. Progress in the next three months 

was slow and fighting bitter, as opposition stiffened. Nevertheless, Allied Forces 

continued their advance to the Siegfried Line and westward to the Rhine River where our 

troops held the west bank except for an area between Strasbourg and Mulhouse known as 

the “Colmar Pocket.”

The enemy launched his final major counteroffensive of the war on 16 December 

1944. Officially designated the Ardennes-Alsace Campaign, it was popularly known as 

the “Battle of the Bulge.” The U.S. Third Army to the north moved quickly to counter 

the threat. This required the 6th Army group in the south, consisting of the U.S. Seventh 

and the French First Armies, to extend its lines northward to cover a much longer front. 

Against this line, the enemy launched the second half of his planned counteroffensive on 

New Year’s eve by driving for the Saverne Gap in the Vosges Mountains and following 

with an attack across the Rhine and an offensive from the Colmar Pocket toward 

Strasbourg. After furious struggles in bitterly cold weather, all of these attacks were 
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halted. quickly, the American and French troops joined forces to eliminate the enemy 

army in the Colmar Pocket; their mission was successfully completed by 9 February 

1945. The U.S. Seventh Army thereupon undertook a progressive assault against the 

Siefried Line to the north, while the U.S. Third Army continued to assault the Line and 

the enemy’s flank and rear. Soon, the Siefried Line was broken and the remaining enemy 

units cleared from the west bank of the Rhine.

The final offensive of the U.S. Seventh Army began in late March when it crossed 

the Rhine near Worms and seized Mannheim. Promptly, the French First Army crossed 

behind it and took Karlsruhe. Preceded by aircraft that constantly harassed and 

demoralized the enemy, Allied Forces swept throughout Germany. As the French 

captured Stuttga rd and cut off escape into Switzerland, the U.S. Seventh Army fought 

through Nurnberg, took Munich, then drove through the Brenner Pass for its historic 

meeting with U.S. Fifth Army on 4 May 1945 at Vipiteno, Italy.

SITE

The Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial, 48 acres in extent, is situated on a plateau 

in the foothills of the Vosges Mountains, 100 feet above and overlooking the Moselle 

River. If is one of fourteen permanent World War II American military cemeteries 

erected on foreign soil by the American Battle Monuments Commission. The site was 

liberated on 21 September 1944 by the U.S. 45th Infantry Division and a temporary 

military burial ground was established there fifteen days later. Subsequently, the burial 
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ground was selected to be a permanent cemetery site. After the war, when the temporary 

burial grounds were being disestablished by the American Graves Registration Service 

(AGRS), the remains of American military Dead whose next of kin directed permanent 

interment on foreign soil were moved by the AGRS to a permanent site, usually the one 

closest to the temporary burial location. They were then interred by the AGRS in the 

distinctive grave patterns proposed by the cemetery’s architect and approved by the 

Commission. Free use of the Epinal site as a permanent American military cemetery was 

granted by the French government in perpetuity without charge or taxation. Included in 

the site is a right of way approximately 500 meters in length leading from Highway D157 to the main gate of the cemetery. The 5,255 American military Dead buried in the 

Epinal American Cemetery lost their lives in the fighting across central France, the 

Rhone Valley, the Vosges Mountains, the Rhine Valley and Germany, they represent 

42% of the original burials in the region.

Design and construction of all facilities at the permanent American military 

cemeteries on foreign soil were the responsibility of the American Battle Monuments 

Commission, i.e., the memorial, the chapel, the visitors’ building superintendent’s 

quarters, paths, roads, walls and service facilities. It was also responsible for the 

sculpture, landscaping and other improvements on the site. Construction of the 

permanent cemetery at Epinal was completed in the spring of 1956 and the cemetery and 

its memorial were dedicated on 23 July 1956.

On the morning of 12 May 1958, 13 caskets draped with American flags were 

placed side by side under a canopy at the north end of the memorial in the cemetery. 

Each casket contained the remains of one Unknown serviceman from each of the thirteen 
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permanent American military cemeteries established in the Atlantic Theatres of World 

War II. As soon as the caskets were in place, an honor guard took a position at attention 

about the canopy. When the invited dignitaries had arrived, General Edward J. O’Neill, 

Commanding General of the United States Army Communications Zone, Europe, walked 

slowly as past the thirteen caskets, returned to the front of the canopy, picked up a wreath 

and proceeded to the fifth casket from the east and placed the wreath upon it. He then 

drew himself to attention and saluted as taps were played. The simple ceremony of 

selection terminated with the band playing “Miserere”, as the pall bearers carried the 

Unknown selected by General O’Neill behind an honor guard to a waiting hearse. The 

hearse, under escort, proceeded to Toul-Rosiers Air Base in France where the Unknown 

was flown to Naples, Italy and loaded aboard the destroyer USS Blandy. As soon as 

loading departed Naples to rendezvous in the Atlantic with a U.S. Naval Task Force 

carrying two other Unknowns, one from the Pacific Theatre of World War II and one 

from the Korean War. A similar ceremony to the one held at the Epinal American 

Cemetery was conducted by the Commander of the Naval Task Force to determine which 

of World War II Unknowns would represent both the Atlantic and Pacific Theatres of that 

war. After the selection was made, the Task Force proceeded to Washington, D.C. 

where, on Memorial Day 1958, the World War II and the Korean War Unknowns joined 

the Unknown soldier of World War I at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington 

National Cemetery.

ARCHITECTS

Architects for the cemetery memorial were Delano and Aldrick of New York City, New 

York. The landscape architect was Homer L. Fry of Austin, Texas.

GENERAL LAYOUT

Six kilometers southeast of 

Epinal, a winding road, 0.5 

kilometers in length, leads 

from the south side of 

Highway D-157 to the 

main gate of the cemetery. 

Marking entry to the road 

on the right is a 

rectangular stone on which 

is carved the U.S. Great 

Seal above the words 

“Epinal American 

Cemetery and Memorial.” 

Marking entry to the road 

on the left is a low curved 

wall on which the name of 
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the cemetery also is carved.

About 90 meters inside the main gate, a crossing road leads north (left) to the 

superintendent’s quarters and south (right) to the assistant superintendent’s quarters and 

the service area. The Visitors’ Building is about 300 meters inside the main gate on the 

south (right) side of the entry road where the road forms an elliptical drive. Visitor 

parking is available just before and beyond the elliptical drive. A stone path leads 

northward from the Visitors’ Building across the drive to the Court of Honor. In the 

center of the court, under a single roof are the museum and chapel. Enclosing the 

court are low walls engraved with the names of the missing in action in the region. The 

Court of Honor sits at the south end of a wide grassy mall which is flanked by trees and 

separates the graves area into two plots. A 75-foot flagpole stands at the opposite (north) 

end of the grassy mall. Located in the northeast and northwest portions of the graves

area are small circular cul-de-sacs with benches and fountains. Like the Court of Honor,

the graves area is enclosed by a stone wall.

COURT OF HONOR

The Court of Honor is rectangular in shape. It is enclosed by low walls of Rocheret, a 

hard limestone from the Jura Mountains of eastern France. On these walls are engraved 

the names of 424 service members who are Missing in Action in the region:

United States Army and Army Air Forces....................419
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United States Navy........................................................ 5

These Missing lost their lives in the service of their country, but their remains were 

not recovered, or if recovered, not identified. They represent every State of the Union 

(and the District of Columbia) except Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Nevada, North Dakota, 

Rhode Island, Vermont and Wyoming. The following inscriptions appear in English and 

French on the walls above their names:

HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF

AMERICANS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES

IN THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY AND

WHO SLEEP IN UNKNOWN GRAVES.

IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF

THOSE WHO DIED IN WORLD WAR II

**

1941-1945.

THIS IS THEIR MEMORIAL

THE WHOLE EARTH THEIR SEPULCHRE.

Without confirmed information to the contrary, a War Department Administrative 

Review Board established the official date of death of those commemorated on the 

Tablets of the Missing as one year and a day from the date on which the individual was 

placed in Missing in Action status. 

MEMORIAL STRUCTURE

A rectangular memorial, consisting of a chapel on the east end and a museum room on 

the West End separated by an open but covered portico, stands in the center of the court. 

The overall structure is 81 feet long, 35 feet wide and 36 feet high. The walls of the 

structure like those enclosing the court are of Rocheret limestone. The floor of the 

portico is patterned with Rocheret and Roc Argente another French limestone from the 

Jura region.

EXTERIOR
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The south face of the memorial contains two large bas-relief carvings designed and 

sculpted by Malvina Hoffman of New York. The carving on the western end of the south 

face depicts the Crusade in Europe. It is a composition of United States military forces 

advancing on the enemy and consists of infantry, tanks, artillery, anti-aircraft guns, 

paratroopers, grenade throwers, signalmen and search lights with a large eagle overhead 

to symbolize U.S. Army Air Forces. The carving on the eastern end of the south face 

depicts Survival of the Spirit. In the center of the carving, a kneeling figure of a 

sorrowing woman – humanity – comforts a dying soldier, while the souls of two brave 

young men who have preceded him in death are raised upward on rays of light by an 

angel, as their earthly bodies remain behind under a Latin Cross or Star of David 

headstone. In the upper left portion of the carving, an angel precedes them with a torch 

to light their way and in the upper right portion, two angels with trumpets herald their 

approach. Carved on the attic above the south face of the memorial are an eagle, also the 

work of Miss Hoffman, and the following inscription Exodus XIX:4:

I BARE YOU ON EAGLE WINGS

AND BROUGHT YOU UNTO MYSELF.

The frieze of the memorial bears the following inscriptions:

(south face) CITIZENS OF EVERY CALLING BRED IN THE PRINCIPLES OF THE 

AMERICAN DEMOCRACY ** (east face) DEFENDERS OF THE CHALLENGED 

FREEDOMS ** (north face) FROM NORMANDY AND PROVENCE – TO 

ARDENNES LORRAINE AND ALSACE – BEYOND THE RHINE ** (west face)

CHAMPIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN **
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On the north face of the memorial appears the following dedicatory inscription in 

English and French:

1942-1945

* *

IN PROUD REMEMBRANCE OF THE

ACHIEVEMENTS OF HER SONS AND

IN HUMBLE TRIBUTE TO THEIR SACRIFICES

THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED BY

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The eagle by Miss Hoffman that appears on the exterior attic wall above the south 

face also appears on the exterior attic wall above the north face, but without the 

inscription from Exodus.

INTERIOR

Within the portico and over the entrance to the chapel in the eastern portion of the 

memorial is a roundel in the center of which is the Lamb of God encircled by a Latin 

Cross, Tablets of Moses and a Star of David. Opposite it over the entrance to the 

museum to the west is a roundel on which appears the Great Seal of the United States. 

Both roundels were designed by Miss Hoffman. All carvings on the exterior and interior 

of the memorial were executed by Jean Juge of Paris.
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INTERIOR -- CHAPEL

The chapel at the East End of the memorial is entered from the portico through oakwood 

doors inset with rectangular panes of glass. Directly in front of the entrance doors against 

the east wall of the chapel is a long teakwood planter. Above the planter are three tall 

narrow windows. The altar, flanked by circular teakwood planters, is an apse in the north 

wall of the chapel to the left of the entrance door. The altar and the two plinths on which 

it rests are Rouge Antique marble from southern France. On the wall above the altar is a 

large sculpture of the Angel of Peace designed by Miss Hoffman. Inscribed on the wall 

to the left of the Angel of Peace is: GIVE LIGHT TO THEM THAT SIT IN 

DARKNESS; inscribed on the wall to the right of the Angel of Peace is: AND GUIDE 

OUR FEET INTO THE WAY OF PEACE. These inscriptions are from St. Luke I:79.

Flanking the apse are two groups of flags. The group on the left consists of the 

U.S. Army flag of 1775, the U.S. flag and the U.S. Marine Corps flag. The group on the 

right consists of the U.S. Navy flag, the U.S. flag and the U.S. Air Force flag. A 

teakwood pew rests against the south wall of the chapel to the right of the entrance door. 

Carved in the front of the pew, from St. John X:28, is: I GIVE THEM ETERNAL LIFE 

AND THEY SHALL NEVER PERISH. Inscribed in the wall above the pew is: TAKE 

UNTO THYSELF O LORD THE SOULS OF THE VALOROUS THAT THEY MAY 

DWELL IN GLORY. Two roundels flank this inscription. The one on the left or to the 

east is of a Latin Cross; the one on the right is of the Tablets of Moses surmounted by a 

Star of David. The walls of the chapel are of Savonniere French limestone and the floor 

of Comblanchien, another durable French limestone from the Jura region. The ceiling is 
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of teakwood. Suspended from the ceiling is a large hexagonal lamp of antique design 

with frosted glass panels.

INTERIOR -- MUSEUM

The primary feature of the museum room in the western portion of the memorial is the 

large colored glass mosaic map depicting American and Allied military operations from 

the landing in southern France on 15 August 1944 to the junction with Allied Forces 

advancing from Normandy on 11 September at Sombernon, near Dijon; and their 

subsequent advances after turning eastward, crossing the Rhine and sweeping across 

Germany to meet with the spearhead of the U.S. Fifth Army south of the Brenner Pass. 

The mosaic, 54 feet long and 14 feet high, was designed and fabricated by Eugene 

Savage of Branford, Connecticut, utilizing data provided by the American Battle 

Monuments Commission. The map is laid out in perspective as seen from the south; 

consequently, the lines of the longitude and latitude are tilted to accommodate the map to 

the proportions of the room. Thus, north is toward the upper right instead of vertically 

upward. Symbolically, the figures on the semi-circular wall depict the Spirit of Columbia 

leading the Army, Navy, and Air Forces to the landings on the south coast of France. 

The final victory is symbolized by the Angel of Victory with laurel branch above the 

central altar; a group composed of trumpets; the American and French flags emerging 
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from the clouds of war and the outstretched hands of women who offer flowers as tribute 

to the victors.

In the border of the map are the insignia of the following military units of division 

size or larger that participated in ground operations in the region: 6th Army Group and 

12th Army Group; Third Army and Seventh Army; VI Corps, XV Corps, and XXI Corps; 

3rd, 4th, 28th, 35th, 36th, 42nd, 44th, 45th, 63rd, 65th, 70th, 71st, 75th, 79th, 80th, 86th, 87th, 90th, 

94th, 99th, 100th and 103rd Infantry Divisions; 6th, 10th, 11

th

, 12th, 13th, 14th and 20th

Armored Divisions; and the 101st Airborne Division.

The principal Allied ground, naval and air forces that were engaged in these 

operations are listed in panels at the ends of the mosaic. On the straight wall adjacent to 

the south end of the map is a description in English, beneath the torch of Liberty, of these 

operations:

ON 15 AUGUST 1944 THE ALLIED FORCES LAUNCHED THEIR CAMPAIGN TO 

ASSIST THE NORMANDY OPERATION AND TO LIBERATE SOUTHERN 

FRANCE. AN OVERWHELMING AIR EFFORT FORMED THE PRELUDE. 

PRECEDED BY ALLIED ASSAULT GROUPS AND AIRBORNE TROOPS, THE VI 

CORPS OF THE U.S. SEVENTH ARMY STORMED ASHORE UNDER COVER OF 

INTENSE BOMBARDMENT BY THE WESTERN NAVAL TASK FORCE. THE U.S. 

3RD, 36TH, AND 45TH INFANTRY DIVISIONS PROMPTLY BROKE THROUGH THE 

STEEL AND CONCRETE BEACH FORTIFICATIONS, SUBDUED THE 

DEFENDERS, AND SURGED INLAND.

SWIFTLY PURSUING THE DISINTEGRATING ENEMY UNITS UP THE 

RHONE VALLEY THE U.S. SEVENTH ARMY FREED LYON WHILE THE 
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FRENCH FIRST ARMY REOCCUPIED MARSEILLE AND TOULON IN LESS THAN 

ONE MONTH THE ALLIES PUSHED 400 MILES TO JOIN HANDS AT 

SOMBERNON WITH THE FORCES ADVANCING FROM NORMANDY. BY 21 

SEPTEMBER, NEAR EPINAL, THE TROOPS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN, 

NOW ORGANIZED AS THE 6TH ARMY GROUP, HAD FORGED WITH THE U.S. 

THIRD ARMY OF THE 12TH ARMY GROUP A SOLID FRONT WHICH ISOLATED 

ALL GERMAN UNITS REMAINING IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE.

DURING OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER THE ADVANCE CONTINUED 

AGAINST PERSISTENT AND DESPERATE OPPOSITION REACHING THE RHINE 

AT STRASBOURG AND MULHOUSE; BETWEEN THESE CITIES THE ENEMY 

CLUNG TO AN AREA ABOUT COLMAR. ON 16 DECEMBER, IN THE

ARDENNES, FARTHER TO THE NORTH, THE ENEMY LOOSED HIS LAST 

GREAT COUNTEROFFENSIVE OF THE WAR. THE U.S. THIRD ARMY MOVED 

INSTANTLY TO MEET THE THREAT, LEAVING THE 6TH ARMY GROUP TO 

DEFEND THE ENTIRE FRONT FROM SAARBRUCKEN SOUTHWARD. ON NEW 

YEAR’S EVE THE GERMANS ATTACKED FROM BITCHE TOWARD SAVERNE, 

THEN FOLLOWED WITH ONE THRUST ACROSS THE RHINE NORTH OF 

STRASBOURG AND ANOTHER FROM THE COLMAR POCKET. AFTER A 

FURIOUS STRUGGLE IN BITTERLY COLD WEATHER THE ATTACKERS WERE 

REPULSED. RESUMING ITS INTIATIVE THE 6TH ARMY GROUP OVERRAN 

THE COLMAR POCKET EARLY IN FEBRUARY AFTER THREE WEEKS OF 

SUSTAINED COMBAT IN WHICH THE GERMAN NINETEENTH ARMY WAS 

ANNIHILATED AS A FIGHTING FORCE.
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U.S. NAVAL FORCES TOGETHER WITH THE ALLIED NAVIES IN THE 

MEDITERRANEAN PLAYED A VITAL ROLE BY SAFEGUARDING A 

CONTINUOUS FLOW OF TROOPS AND SUPPLIES AGAINST PERSISTENT 

SUBMARINE AND AIR ATTACKS. ALLIED AIR FORCES GAVE THE GROUND 

ARMIES INDISPENSABLE ASSISTANCE PRIOR TO AND THROUGHOUT THE 

OPERATIONS. THE U.S. FIRST TACTICAL AIR FORCE PERFORMED 

MAGNIFICENTLY DURING CONSISTENTLY BAD WINTER WEATHER WHEN 

THE ALLIED ARMIED LAUNCHED THEIR FINAL ATTACK THE EFFECT OF 

THE STRATEGIC AIR BOMBARDMENT OF GERMANY WAS TO BE 

REFLECTED IN THE RAPID DESTRUCTION OF HER FIGHTING FORCES.

THE FINAL OFFENSIVE BEGAN IN MARCH PACED BY THE U.S. NINTH 

AIR FORCE AND THE FIRST TACTICAL AIR FORCE, WHOSE ATTACKS 

DISRUPTED COMMUNICATIONS AND DESTROYED GERMAN TROOPS AND 

SUPPLIES, THE U.S. THIRD AND SEVENTH ARMIES CROSSED THE RHINE 

AND SWEPT ACROSS GERMANY. WHILE THE FRENCH FIRST ARMY CUT 

OFF THE ENEMY’S AVENUES OF ESCAPE INTO SWITZERLAND, THE U.S. 

SEVENTH ARMY CAPTURED NURNBERG, SWUNG SOUTHWARD TO MUNICH 

AND SEIZED THE BRENNER PASS. ITS JUNCTION 4 MAY WITH THE U.S. 

FIFTH ARMY AT VIPITENO IN ITALY MARKED THE COMPLETE DEFEAT OF 

THE NAZI FORCES IN THIS MOUNTAIN REGION.

THE UNITY OF PURPOSE WHICH INSPIRED ALL WHO SHARED IN 

THESE CAMPAIGNS WAS A DECISIVE FACTOR IN THEIR SUCCESS. THEIR 

COURAGE AND THEIR DEVOTION TO DUTY WERE UNSURPASSABLE.
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At the opposite end of the room is the French version of this inscription. Beneath 

these inscriptions are two sets of key maps: “The War Against Germany” and “The War 

Against Japan.”

The plinth below the map is of Verte des Alpes and Italian green veined marble. 

the floor is paved with Comblanchien limestone.

GRAVES AREA

Interred in the cemetery are 5,255 American military Dead of World War II. Their 5,255 

graves are set in two fanshaped plots separated by a wide north/south mall lined with 

sycamore (Platenus orientalis) trees. Plot A lies west of the mall, plot B to the east. The 

War Dead interred here died in the service of their Country. They came from every State 

of the Union, the District of Columbia and the then U.S. territories of Alaska and Hawaii. 

One buried here came from Canada and another from the British West Indies. One grave 

holds the remains of three identified Dead that could not be separately identified. In 14 

instances, two brothers lie side by side. Sixty-nine graves hold the remains of American 

Dead that could not be identified (Unknowns). One of these graves contains the remains 

of two comrades in arms.

Each grave is marked by a white marble headstone; a Star of David for those of the 

Jewish faith, and a Latin Cross for all others. The lines of white headstones against the 

background of green grass harmonize well with the memorial and the Court of Honor at 

the south end of the mall. A 75-foot flagpole overlooks the graves area from the north 

end of the mall. Its circular bronze base sits on a pedestal of Rocheret limestone which in 

turn rests on two circular plinths of Ampilly limestone from the Cote d’Or region. The 

base plinth contains a thirteen points star of Noir d’Izeste from the Pyrenees. Two small 
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cul-de-sacs with fountains are located in the graves area, one in the northeast corner and 

one in the northwest corner. The graves area itself is enclosed by a wall of granite from 

the local region with a coping of Euville limestone from the Verdun region.

PLANTINGS 

The paths near the perimeter wall of the graves area afford magnificent view of the 

Moselle Valley and its wooded slopes. Immediately to the south of the cemetery, on the 

hillside, is a beautiful natural woodland of oak, spruce and beech. Within the cemetery 

itself are several groups of English beech (Fagus sylvatica); sycamores (planetrees –

Platenus orientalis) line the paths of the cemetery. Oriental cherry (Cerasus serulata), 

red bud (Cercis canadensia) and English hawthorne (Crataegus oxycantha) were planted 

in the edges of the woods adjacent to the flagpole to add color and density. Flanking the 

Memorial on the north side are two Cedars of Lebanon as well as a large massif of 

shrubbery. In the entrance court of the cemetery are holly hedges (Ilex aquifolium) and in 

the Court of Honor are box hedges (Buxus sempervirens) and Polyantha and Red Glove 

roses. Informal massifs of other plantings in the vicinity of the Court of Honor contain 

barberry (Berberis thunbergii), flowering quince (Cydonis japonica), rhododendrons, 

azaleas, forsythias, scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), cotoneaster and dwarf yew.