NBSIR 84-2911

National Bureau of Standards

Passive Solar Test Facility - Instrumentation and Site

Handbook

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Building Equipment Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

June 1984

Issued August 1984

Q.Z

/0 o

no.M-Mt

im

Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Solar Heat Technologies

Passive and Hydrid Solar Energy Division

Experimental System Research Program

Washington, DC 20585

national

Or ST?.'.

I

NBSIR 84-2911

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

PASSIVE SOLAR TEST FACILITY - INSTRUMENTATION AND SITE

HANDBOOK

Bal M. Mahajan

U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Building Equipment Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

June 1984

Issued August 1984

Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Solar Heat Technologies

Passive and Hydrid Solar Energy Division

Experimental System Research Program

Washington, DC 20585

bureau

. -cards ARY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler. Director

ABSTRACT

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), under the sponsorship of the U.S.

Department of Energy (DOE) has constructed a passive solar test facility. As a part of the DOE's Experimental Systems Research Program, the NBS test facility

has been constructed for the purpose of acquiring and distributing to participating researchers class A level performance data for different passive systems.

These data are acquired for use in: detailed building energy analysis and

model/algorithm validation; and performance characterization of passive subsystems .

This handbook provides a complete description of the test building, thermophysical properties of the building material, location of the sensors installed

at the test facility, and data acquisition system and procedures.

iii
NOTES FOR THE FIGURES

1. All dimensions shown in the figures are nominal.

2. The test facility was constructed using the nominal dimensions in English

Units. Expression of the dimension in Metric Units would suggest inordinately small dimensional tolerances. Hence the dimensions are shown in

English Units. For the convenience of the readers, the Metric equivalent

of English Units are given below.

1 foot = 0.3048 meter

1 inch = 0.0254 meter

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GENERAL ENVIRONMENTS 3

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING 5

3.1 General 3

3.2 Ceiling/Roof 8

3.3 Floor 8

3.4 Walls 12

3.5 Windows 18

3.6 Individual Cells 18

3.7 Material Properties and Heat Loss Coefficient of Test Cells 33

3.8 Auxiliary Heating and Cooling System 33

4. INTRU MENTATION 37

4.1 Outside 37

4.2 Cell #1 41

4.3 Cell #2 41

4.4 Cell #3 48

4.5 Cell #4 48

5. DATA ACQUISITION AND DISTRIBUTION 58

5.1 Data Acquisition System 58

5.2 Continuous Air Infiltration Monitoring System 58

5.3 Data Acquisition and Distribution 59

5.4 Estimates of Uncertainty in the Measured Data 59

6. CONCLUDING REMARKS 63

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 63

8. REFERENCES 64

8. APPENDIX A. A Copy of Data Documentation 66

v

1. INTRODUCTION

In 1980, the U.S. Department of Energy established a Program Area Plan for

systematic performance evaluation of passive/hybrid heating and cooling systems

[1, 2]. This program area plan defines three levels of performance monitoring

procedures which, in decreasing order of sophistication, have been designated

as Class A, B, and C. Both class A and class B level monitoring involved

fixed instrumentation and data acquisition equipment, while class C level

monitoring involves simple hand-recorded measurements and surveys of occupant

reactions.

Class B level monitoring provides limited detailed data (about 20 sensors per

building) from occupied buildings for field testing and statistical evaluation

of passive systems and buildings. Class A level monitoring is defined to

provide carefully measured detailed data (about 200 sensors per building) under

controlled conditions for use in (1) detailed building energy analysis and

model/algorithm validation; and (2) performance characterization of various

passive subsystems.

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), under the sponsorship of DoE, has

constructed a full-scale four-cell passive solar test facility. The test

facility contains several types of generic passive solar features such as a direct gain system, a collector storage wall (Trombe wall), and clerestory

windows. The NBS test facility has been constructed as a part of the DoE’s

Experimental Systems Research Program and is used for acquiring and distributing

to participating researchers class A level performance data for various passive

subsystems under different experimental conditions. The purpose of this handbook

is to provide to the data users (i.e. models, algorithms developer/validators)

a complete physical description of the test building as well as the location

of sensors used for gathering data.

The test facility was made operational in October of 1981, with the direct

gain cell completely instrumented and the other cells minimally instrumented.

A handbook describing the NBS test facility, thermophysical properties of

construction materials, and sensor locations was published and distributed

[3]. During FY82 performance data from the direct gain cell, under three

different experimental conditions, were collected and distributed to the

participating researchers. A technical paper containing the representative

results from these data was presented at the ASME Passive Solar Division Sixth

Annual Technical Conference in April 1983 [4].

In FY83 instrumentation of the Trombe wall cell was completed. A new data

acquisition system (DAS) and a multichannel continuous air infiltration monitoring system (CAMS) were procured and installed at the test facility. During

FY83 some experiments were conducted to monitor the performance of the direct

gain and Trombe wall cells, and to measure the thermocirculation characteristics

of the Trombe wall. A paper containing a brief description of the new DAS and

CAIMS, and some representative results from the FY83 experimental work was presented at the Passive and Hybrid Solar Energy Update meeting in September

1983 [5]. The data tape containing the hourly average data set was distributed

1
to the participating researchers. In the beginning of FY84 some additional

thermocouples were installed in the direct gain cell (cell #4) and the control

cell (cell #3).

This handbook contains a complete physical description of the test facility,

as well as the thermophysical properties of the building materials and building

components. The handbook contains a complete directory (type and location) of

the sensors installed in and around the building, and a brief description of DAS

and CAIMS. The handbook also describes the data acquisition procedures and

estimates of uncertaintiy in the measured data.

2
2. GENERAL ENVIRONMENTS

A site plan for the NBS Passive Solar Test Building is given in figure 1. Note

that the contour slopes downward from south to north at the building site.

Grass surrounds the building except for the concrete walkway and blacktop

drive. Immediately to the south, a coarse gravel bed (reflectance - 0.2)

extends out 1.12 m (3.67 ft) from the south wall. Beyond that, the ground is

rocky earth with sparse grass (reflectance = 0.2). During the winter, this area is sometimes covered with snow (reflectance = 0.7). There is no significant shading effect from trees or other external objects.

The American Institute of Architects Research Corporation (AIA/RC) regional

climatic classification for Washington, DC, is type 7A (Atlantic Coast).* The

annual number of heating degree days is 2347°C-days (4224°F-days) , the average

winter temperature is 7.6°C (45.7°F), and the 97.5 percent design dry-bulb

temperature for heating is 8.3°C (17°F). The annual number of cooling degree

days is 522°C-days (940°F-days) , and the 2.5 percent design dry-bulb and mean

coincident wet-bulb temperatures are 32.8°C (91°F) and 23.3°C (74°F), respectively. Annual average wind speeds are medium [11 to 24 km/h (7 to 15 mph)

and prevailing winds are from the southwest. Cloud cover is 0.65 to 0.75 from

December to March and 0.55 to 0.65 for the rest of the year. The nearest

Typical Meterological Year weather station is at the Dulles International

Airport in Sterling, VA.

Monthly rain and snowfall figures for National Airport, Washington, DC, are

as follows (suitable figures were not available for Dulles International

Airport)

Rain Snow

cm in. cm in.

January 6.7 2.6 11.4 4.5

February 6.2 2.5 12.7 5.0

March 8.5 3.3 6.1 2.4

April 7.3 2.7 trace - May 9.8 3.7 trace - June 8.8 3.5 0 0

July 10.5 4.1 0 0

August 11.9 4.7 0 0

September 7.8 3.1 0 0

October 6.8 2.7 trace - November 7.4 2.9 1.8 0.7

December 7.6 3.0 9.7 3.8

Annual 99.3 38.8 41.7 16.4

"Regional Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes," prepared

by the AIA/RC for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUDPDR-355 November 1978, p. 125.

3
i

Figure

1.

Site

Plan

of

the

NBS

Passive

Test

Building
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

3.1 GENERAL

The NBS Passive Solar Test Facility is located in Gaithersburg, MD, (latitude

39° N, longitude 77.3°W) on an open field with no shading from the surroundings.

The building is a rectangular one-story, slab on grade, frame structure, with

the long axis running from east to west. The building is especially designed

to be reconf igurable so that passive solar features can be installed with

minimum cost and effort. For example, the interior walls are not load bearing

and thus can be removed or redesigned. Also, the structure of the south ceiling

could support a 0.3 m (12 in) roof pond.

A photograph showing the south elevation of the building is presented in figure

2, and the floor plane of the current configuration is shown in figure 3. The

current configuration provide four cells of equal floor area and an "entry"

adjoining cell #1 on the west of the building. Each cell has a floor area of

30.1 m^ (324 ft^) and a total volume of 88.4 m^ (3122 ft^). A description of

the cells will be given later in this section.

The building envelope or the envelope of each cell may be divided into four

types of surfaces/components: ceiling/roof, floor, walls, and windows. A

description of construction details and material properties for each surface

type are given below.

5
Figure 2. Photograph of NBS Passive Solar Test Building
7

floor

surface

is

above

the

ground

Surface.

Figure

3.

Floor

Plan

of

the

NBS

Passive

Test

Building
3.2 CEILING/ROOF

The roof is divided into two parts: a 4.77 m (15.67 ft) south section of flat

builtup construction and a 4.58 m (11.25 ft) north section of asphalt shingle

covered sloped roof to accommodate clerestory windows. Both sections of the

roof are insulated with 240 mm (9.5 in) of fiberglass bat insulation. The

ceiling height under the flat roof is 2.45 m (8.08 ft). The ceiling height

under the sloped roof section varies from 4.64 m (15.25 ft) at the south end to

2.45 (8.08 ft) at the north end. A section view of both the flat and sloped

roof are shown in figures 4 and 5, respectively. The properties of the construction materials as well as the total R-value of the component are also given in

the figures.

3.3 FLOOR

The floor, a slab on grade construction, was designed to be of 102 mm (4 in) of

concrete over 102 mm (4 in) of gravel on compacted soil. However, the core samples taken from the slab revealed that the slab thickness varies from 120 to

150 mm (4.8 to 6.0 in). The core samples also indicate that the gravel beneath

the slab has settled, leaving an air gap of 0.0 to 30 mm (0.0 to 1.2 in). The

details of core drilling locations and slab thickness are shown in figure 6.

Most of the floor slab is constructed with concrete which is not air entrained,

while the removable sections of the floor in the direct gain cell (cell #4) are built with air entrained concrete. The measured values of density and thermal

conductivity of the slab material and the storage wall material are given in

table 1. Floor is insulated with 50 mm (2 in) extruded polystyrene insulation

board along the perimeter slab to the top of the footings.

Table 1. Measured Values of Density and Thermal Conductivity of Slab and Storage

Wall Material

Material Temperature

°C

Density, s kg/m^

Thermal Conductivity, k

W/m° C

Concrete, (air-entrained

removable floor section

in cell #4)

22.4 2.2 X 103 1.37

Concrete, not airentrained floor slab

22.6 2.3 X 103 1.45

Concrete block

storage wall

23.8 1.5 X 103 0.56

Mortar, within the cores of concrete blocks

21.9 1.9 X 103 1.03

8
Thermal Resistance

(at framing)

Concrete Rover

(see Fig 6 ) \ 17 1

Moving Air (15 mph)

Thermal Resistance

(between framing)

R = .17

R = .68 Still Air (Inside) R = .68

Heat

Capacity

Surface °s .60

.90

Surface = a

s = 0.23

e - 0.78

R s = 16.51 Ri -35.37 mCp _ 4 - 61 Btu/ft2»F

Area = 9.5 % Areo = 90.5%

A

i 94> 2KJ/m2°C)

uav - TOT * 3$f -

(

Rav

= TT~ ' 32 * 05 n

2 hr°F/Btu

U

AV (5.644 m*°C/W)

Figure 4. Cross Section of the Flat Roof

9
Ml**

Thermal Resistance

(at framing)

p= .17 Moving Air (I5mph)

Thermal Resistance

(between framing)

R= .17

R s

= 16.47

Area = 6 5%

Heat

Copocity

Surface = a .90

.90

Rj r 35.63

Area = 93.5%

^£ = 1-41 Btu/ft 2o F

A (?8.S KJ/m2°C)

n =

- 065 + . = .0301 Btu/ft2 hr°F

AV 16.47 35.64 (.1716 W/m2o C)

p = J_ = 33.22ft2hr°F/Btu

AV U

AV ( 5.350 m2o C /w)

Figure 5. Cross Section of the Sloped Roof

10
Core Sample (•)

Concrete

Air Space

Gravel

Note : Figs. 5, 8, 10, 12, and 14

TndTcate a slab thickness of 4".

However the core samples taken

indicate that the actual thickness

may be substantially different than

the nominal 4".

Core

No.

Distance from South

Wall of Cell

Distance from East

Wall of Cell

Core Thickness

D

Cluj

Air Space

Cin)

1 1‘ 2" 6' 0" 5.6 0.1

2

2' 7" 6' 1" 6.0 0.0

3 10' 8" 1* 0" 4.9 0.8

4 17' 11" 6' 0" 5.1 0.1

5

1' 3" 6' 0" 5.7 0.1

6 9' 9" 6' 2" 4.8 1.2

Figure 6. Core Drilling Locations and Slab Thicknesses

11
3 . 4 WALLS

The walls may be divided into the following five types: (1) east and west

outer walls; (2) inner partition walls; (3) north wall; (4) south wall; and (5)

thermal storage wall. A description of each type in given below.

East and West Outer Walls . The east and west outside walls are doubles-stud

(two rows of 2 x 4’s separated by air space) from construction covered with

insulating sheathing and cedar siding. These walls are insulated with two

layers of 90 mm (3.5 in) fiberglass batt insulation. The double studding and

extra insulation are used to reduce the heat transfer through the end walls. A

section view showing the construction of these walls is shown in figure 7. The

properties of the construction materials as well as the total R-value of the

wall are also given in figure 7.

Inner Partition Walls . The inner partition walls, separating the adjacent

cells, are single-stud frame construction. Both sides of these wall have

38 mm (1.5 in) of extruded polystyrene behind the gypsum board, and are insulated

with 90 mm (3.5 in) fiberglass batt insulation. A section view showing the

construction of these walls is presented in figure 8. The properties of the

materials of construction and the total R-value of the wall are also shown in

figure 8. Heavily Insulated metal doors with a thermal resistance of

0.44 m2°C/W (R=2.5) serve as a passageway between the cells.

North Wall . The north outside wall is single-stud frame construction covered

with insulating sheathing and cedar siding. The wall is insulated with 90 mm

(3.5 in) fiberglass batt insulation. The section view, showing the construction

details, material properties, and total R-value of the wall is given in figure

9. The north wall contains a wood casement window for each cell. A plane and

section view of the north wall, shown in figure 10, indicates the location of

the window and the fan coil unit.

South wall . The south wall is divided into two levels: upper south wall and

lower south wall. The upper south wall contains a clerestory window for each

cell. The opaque portions of the upper level south wall is of single-stud

from construction covered with 12.7 mm (0.5 in) plywood and cedar siding and

insulated with 90 mm (3.5 in) fiberglass batt insulation. Figure 11 shows a section view of the opaque portion of the upper south wall along with the

material properties and total R-value for the wall.

The lower level south wall in each cell is different to accommodate different

passive solar features. The opaque portion of the lower south wall is of the same construction as the north wall described previously.

12
i

1/2

,r'4v

4'

1 / 2

'

Thermal Resistance

(at framing)

R= .68 Still Air (Inside)

5/8“

T~

Thermal Resistance

(between framing)

R = .68

R = .45 Gypsum Boord R= .45

2x4" Wood Stud

16" O.C.

Fiberglass Batt-Type

Insulation

Foil Foce

R = 11.80

R= 1.02 Air Space R= 1.02

Paper Foce

R = ll.80 Fiberglass Batt-Type R = ll.80

Insulation

r .'«/

^ 2X4

/

^ Wood /

* Stud >

>\6

n 0.C^

Heat

Copocity a Surface

0.23

0.78

0.54

.04

.04

R-4.00 Thermo* R=4.00 .02 \

CO

r*- cr ii Cedor Siding II N.00 (Z .55 /

R= .17 Moving Air (15 mph) R = .I7 Surface = a s

e

R s =23.25 R i = 30.

— =1 . 1 9Btu /ft 2 °F

Area = 30% Area = 70% A

(24. 3 KJ/m2#C)

i = -3. + = .03570 Btu/ft 2 hr°F

~AV 23.25 JU - b (.2027 W/m2o C)

0.66

0.77

R... = 28.01 ft 2 hr°F/Btu

AV (4.932 m

2o C/W)

Note: Although the studs are 8" from center to center (accounting for

the double wall) in calculating R values they are assumed to

occupy 30% of the wall area in order to compensate for multidirectional heat flow and because of the additional studs used

in corners and as top and bottom plates.

Figure 7. Cross Section of the East/West Outside Walls

13
3±“ 3

2

Thermal Resistance

(at framing)

R = .68 Still Air (Inside)

Thermal Resistance

(between framing)

R = .68

1/2

3/4"

R- .45 Gypsum Board

(Extruded

R = .45

R = 3.75 Sl >' r0,00m polystyrene) R=J75

2”x4 Wood Stud 16 O.C.

Fiberglass Batt-Type

Insulation

Foil Faced

R= II. BO

Heat

Capocity

Surface

0.23

0.78

0.54

.03

0.04

3/4“ 1 t I R= 3.75 Styrofoam (Extruded

polystyrene)

R= 3.75 .03

1/2"

( R = .45 Gypsum Board R= .45 0.54 | ~r R= .68 Still Air R= .68

Surface a

s =

JJ c = 0

R s

= 14.11 Rj =21.56 ^=l- 18 Btu/ft Z »F

Area = 20% Area = 80% (24.2 KJ/m2oC)

14.11 21.56

= .05128 Btu/ft 2 hr°F

(.2910 W/m2o C

)

R

flv

. = TT- = l 9 - 50 ft^hrOF/Btu

AV U

AV (3.434 m

2o C/W)

Note : Although the studs are 16" from center to center, in calculating

R values, they are assumed to occupy 20% of the wall area in order

to compensate for multidirectional heat flow and because of the

additional studs used around doors, in corners, and as top and

bottom pi ates

Figure 8. Cross Section of the Inside Partition Wall

14
Thermal Resistance

(at framing)

Thermal Resistance Heat

(between framing) Capacity

Surface a

s “ 0,23

c - 0.78

R s = 10.43

•

Area = 20%

Rj = 17.88

m

JP s1.15 Btu/ft2°F

Area =80%

A ^3.5KJ/m2*C)

U

AV

= 10.43

+ .8

17.88

= .06392 Btu/ft

2 hr°F

(.3629 W/m2oc)

r

= _L = 16-65 ft 2 hr°F/Btu

AV U

AV (2.755 rrr°C/W

)

Figure 9. Cross Section of the North Wall

15
Section AA

Figure 10. Plan and Section View of the North Wall

(Cell #1 and #3 are reversed)

16
Thermal Resistance

(at framing)

Thermal Resistance

(between framing)

Heat

Capacity . 0 23

Surface e = 0.78

R

s = 7.05 Rj =14. 50 ^=1.54 Btu/ft 2 °F

Areo = 20% Area =80% A

(31.5 KJ/m2°C)

— = .0836 14.50

(.475

Btu/ft 2 hr°F

W/m2o C)

rp- « 11.96 ft 2 hr°F/Btu

U AV (2. 110 m2o C/W)

Figure 11. Cross Section of the Opaque Portion of Upper South Wall

17
3.5 WINDOWS

Each cell has a double-pane, wood casement window with an unobstructed glass area of 0.67 m^ (7.2 ft^) located on the north wall of each cell, and a clerestory window located on the upper level south wall. The clerestory window

consists of a three-section, double-pane, wood awning window which spans the

entire width of the cell with an unobstructed glass area of 3.65

(39.25 ft^). Both the clerestory window and the north window are provided

with manually operable interior insulating shutters with a thermal resistance

value of 1.23 m^°C/W (R=7). The windows in the lower south wall for each cell

will be described later in section 3.8. The construction details of the headers

above the windows and door are shown in figure 12 along with the properties of

the materials.

A total of nine different types of windows are installed in the building.

Description, location, and properties of the glass of these windows are summarized in figure 13.

3.6 INDIVIDUAL CELLS

As indicated earlier, the current configuration of the test building provided

four cells of equal floor area. The surfaces and features common to all the

cells have been described in section 3.1 to 3.5. The details of the special

features of each cell are described below.

Cell #1 and "Entry”

A floor plan of cell it l and "Entry" is shown in figure 14 while a longitudinal

view is shown in figure 15. Access is gained to the "Entry" by a 0.91 m (3 ft)

wide by 44.0 mm (1.75 in) thick solid pine door. Cell #1 is separated from

the "Entry" and cell it 2 by 44.0 mm (1.75 in) thick heavy metal doors (metal

frame, urethane core).

The cell houses the data acquisition system, (DAS), continuous air infiltration

monitoring system, power supply, and the component testing calorimeter and its

DAS. A detailed description of the component testing calorimeter may be found

in reference 6.

18
Thermal

Resistance

Heat

Capacity

Surface _ a

Still Air (Inside)

0.23

0.78

1/2"

j R = .45 Gypsum Board .54 ]

/

if 1

|

1 R= 1.87 Wood 1.32 I

1/2" R = .91 Air Space , T= 50 ®F, aT =

ou. O

t 1 f 1

|

R = 1.87 Wood 1.32 1

1/2" 1 R= .62 Plywood .41 \

5/8"

j R= .78 Cedar Siding .55 |

T TO ii ^4 Moving Air (15 mph) Surface = Qs

= ^ E = 0

R= 7.35 ^=4.14 Btu/ft2°F

(84.6KJ/m2°C)

R = 7.35 ft 2 hr°F/Btu

( 1.294 m2o C/W )

U

r \ = 136 Btu/ft 2 hr°F

K (• 772 W/m2o C)

Figure 12. Cross Section of the Window and Door Header

19
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20

Figure

13.

Window

Description
2*6$

(above)

JCM

21

Figure

14.

Floor

Plan

of

the

Component

Calorimetry

Cell

(Cell

//

1

)
22

Figure

15.

Longitudinal

Section

of

the

Component

Calorimetry

Cell
Cell it!

This is a collector storage wall cell which contains a Trombe wall over the

entire width of the lower level south wall. A floor plan of the cell is

given in figure 16, and a longitudinal view is shown in figure 17. Cell it 2

is separated from the adjacent cells by heavy metal doors (metal frame, urethane

core)

The Trombe wall is constructed of 200 x 400 x 200 mm (8 x 16 x 8 in) concrete

masonary units (CMU) with cores filled with mortar. The properties of the

material are given in table 1, along with the properties of concrete used for

the floor slab. The Trombe wall is 3.65 m (12 ft) wide, 2.44 (8 ft) high, and

200 mm (8 in) thick. A 140 mm (5.5 in) air space separates the Trombe wall

from a three-section double-glazed window wall. The glazing is made of 3.18 mm

(.125 in) safety insulating glass spaced 15.9 mm (0.625 in) apart. The window

dimensions and glass properties have been summarized in figure 13.

The outside surface of the Trombe wall is painted black while the inside surface

is unpainted. Two vent openings, each the size of one CMU, are located 200 mm

(8 in) below the top of the Trombe wall, and 609 mm (24 in) from the right and

left side walls. Two identical vent openings are located 200 mm (8 in) below

the top of the Trombe wall and vertically in line with the two bottom vents.

A schematic of the Trombe wall is shown in figure 18. The Trombe wall can be

tested in either vented or unvented conditions, and with the clerestory window

shutter in either an open or closed position.

Cell it 3

This is the control cell. A floor plan of the cell is shown in figure 19,

and a longitudinal view is shown in figure 20. Cell #3 is separated from the

adjacent cells by heavy metal doors. The purpose of the control cell is to

allow for the quantitative comparison of the performances of the passive solar

features in the two adjacent cells, i.e., cell it2 and cell it 4.

The lower level south wall of the control cell contains a normal sized double-pane

casement window. The window is 1.22 m (48 in) wide by 1.09 m (43 in) high with

an unobstructed glass area of 1.34 m^ (14.4 ft^). The properties of the

glass are given in figure 13.

23
24

Figure

16.

Floor

Plan

of

the

Collector/Storage

Wall

Cell
25

Longitudinal

Section

of

the

Collector/Storage

Wall

Cell
T401

T403

Inside

Glazing

Surface

Temperature

T404

T405

Outside

Trombe

Wall

Surface

Temperature

T407

T409

Vent

Air

Temperature

-K

OPO

o_*

T* u

D 2ifi JD

26

Figure

18.

Schematic

of

the

Trombe

Wall
-ICNJ

Figure

19.

Floor

Plan

of

the

Control

Cell

(Cell

#3)
28

Figure

20.

Longitudinal

Section

of

the

Control

Cell
Cell //4

This is a direct gain fenestration cell. A floor plan of the cell is shown in

figure 21, and a longitudinal view is shown in figure 22. Note that there are four removable concrete floor sections bordered with paper joints. The purpose

of these sections is to allow for the future addition of an underground rock

storage or any other configuration modifications. Cell #4 is separated from

cell #3 by a heavy metal door.

The direct gain fenestration is a double-pane wood sliding glass door covering

the entire width of the lower south wall. The sliding glass door consists of

two fixed sections and one sliding section. All three sections are of equal

area. The total unobstructed glass area is 6.27 (67.53 ft^). The properties

of the glass have been summarized in figure 13. As indicated earlier the upper

level south wall contains a clerestory window.

Besides the thermal storage provided by the concrete floor, this cell contains

additional thermal storage in the form of a 2.08 m (6.83 ft) wide by 2.46 m

(8.08 ft) high by 200 mm (8 in) thick concrete masonary unit (CMU) wall located

inside the north wall. The cores of the CMU's are filled with mortar, the same material as used for Trombe wall in cell #2. A section view of the thermal

storage wall is shown in figure 23. The surfaces of the thermal storage wall

are unpainted. A description of the direct gain cell, i.e., cell #4, is also

available in reference 7. However, references 1 and 5 do not contain any inf or mation on the new data acquisition system, air infiltration monitoring system,

and the sensors installed in cells #2, #3, and #4 in FY83 and FY84.

29
©Standpipes

(see

Fig.

22)

30

Figure

21.

Floor

Plan

of

the

Direct

Gain

Cell

(Cell

#4)
Csl

31

Figure

22.

Longitudinal

Section

of

the

Direct

Gain

Cell
Thermal Resistance

(at froming)

Thermal Resistance

(between framing)

R = .68 Still Air (Inside) R=.68

Heat

Capacity

Surface a s

* 76

t *= .91

R s = 11.83

Area = 15 %

Rj = 1 9. 32 15.13eiu/f|2»F

Area = 85 % (309L2KJ/m 2 °C)

11.33

.85 . 19.33

"

, .0567

( .3213

Btu/ft2 hr°F

W/nr°C)

= 17.65 ft 2 hr°F/Btu

AV

(3.112 m^oc/W)

Note : Although the studs are 16" from center to center, in calculating

R values, they are assumed to occupy 15% of the wall area in order

to compensate for multidirectional heat flow and because of the

additional studs used in corners and as top and bottom plates.

Figure 23. Cross Section of the Thermal Storage Wall

32
3.7 MATERIALS PROPERTIES AND HEAT LOSS COEFFICIENTS OF THE TEST CELLS

Properties of various building materials are summarized in table 2 and 3. These

properties, when not measured, are taken from the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 1981. Although the values of thermal resistance and heat capacity are given to two decimal places it should be noted that this degree of accuracy is

not necessarily known. In fact, the material properties can vary with ambient

temperature and humidity, as well as with the age of the products. Also there

is an uncertainty in the fraction of the wall area that is occupied by wood

framing (see the note at the bottom of figures 7, 8, and 23.

In determining a total R-value for the wall, a thermal resistance of .03 m^°C/W

(.17 ft^hr°F/Btu) was chosen for "moving air" on the outside wall surfaces.

This corresponds to a wind speed of 24 km/h suggested by ASHRAE for winter

calculations. (The thermal resistance suggested for summer is .044 corresponding

to a wind speed of 12 km/h.) Some users of this manual may want to substitute

a different value corresponding to the actual measured wind speed. Another

"correction" that some users may want to include is the fact that 12.7 mm

plywood was used instead of Thermax sheathing within 1.2 m of all exterior

corners for structural purposes. (Thus, the R-value of .704 should be replaced

by an R-value of 11 for the corners of the building.)

The values of overall heat loss coefficient "UA" for various components or heat transfer surfaces of cells #2, #3, and #4 are estimated by using the ASHRAE

steady-state method and the material properties discussed above. The values of

"UA" are presented in table 4.

3.8 HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Auxiliary heating and cooling is provided with a fan coil unit installed in

each cell under the north window. The location of the fan coil unit is shown

in figure 10. Heating is provided by a 3.76 kW, 208 V electric heater in the

fan coil unit. Cooling is provided by diverting the flow of fluid to the

cooling coil of the fan coil unit. The flow of the chiller fluid from the

bypass loop is diverted by a solenoid control diverter valve which is actuated

by the cooling thermostat. The chiller fluid, a 50-50 water and propylene

glycol solution, is chilled by a 2.64 kW air cooled chiller.

The space temperature in each cell is controlled by positive off-setting thermostats with + 0.5°C deadbands. Each cell has two thermostats, one for cooling

and the other for heating. The power supply to the heater and diverter valve

can be cut off if desired. Also the power supply to the heater and the diverter

valve is wired via an interlock system so that the auxiliary heating and cooling

cannot by supplied simultaneously.

In addition, two destratifying fans are placed near the center of the floor of

cell it 4. One fan takes the room air from the floor level and discharges it at

the sloped ceiling level near the clerestory window; and the other fan does

the reverse. The combined action of the two fans causes the room air to mix

and reduce stratification.

33
Table 2. Material Properties3

(SI Units)

MATERIALS a8 e k

(W/m-°C) (kg/m3 ) cp (J/kg-°C) R

(m2-°C/W)

Gypsum board (127 cm) 0.23c 0.78 c 0.161 801 1089 0.079

Gypsum board (1.59 cm)

Themax (1.27 cm) b - foil0.23c 0.78c 0.161 801 1089 0.099

backed polyurethane board — — 0.017 28.8 837 0.704

Cedar siding (1.59 cm) 0.66c 0.77C 0.115 513 1382 0.137 Concrete slab (13.72 cm) 0.67C 0.92c 1.42c 2243c 837 0.072c CMU storage wall (19.37 cm)

Fiberglass batt

0.76c 0.91 c 0.76** 1762** 837 0.255<*

insulation (8.89 cm)

Fiberglass batt

"" 0.043 9.6 837 2.08

insulation (15.24 cm) — — 0.025 9.6 837 3.59

Extruded polystyrene (5.05 cm)

Extruded polystyrene

0.029 28.8 1214 1.76

(1.91 cm) — — 0.029 28.8 1214 0.660

Soil (Dry) 0.20 0.90 ~ 0.35 721 1842 —

Plywood (1.27 cm) — — 0.115 545 1214 0.109

Plywood (1.91 cm) — — 0.115 545 1214 0.164

Asphalt shingles

Roof, gravel or slag

0.90 0.90 1121 1256 0.077

(4.45 cm) 0.60 0.90 1.44 888 1675 0.030

Wood (8.81 cm)

Interior metal door —

0.155 513 1382 0.329

(4.45 cm) — 0.90 0.097 881 544 0.44

Louvered door** Gravel (10.16 cm layer — — 0.078 224 1382 0.18

beneath floor slab) —

Movable insulation - thermal resistance - Schedule - In place

1.44 881

1.23 m2-°C/W

sundown to sunrise (operated manually)

1675 0.070

3 Material properties are taken from ASHRAE Handbook of

of these values will be replaced by measured values as Fundamentalsthey become

, 1981, except

available.

as otherwise noted. Several

b Material properties estimated.

c Properties measured.

** Properties measured for mortar in cores and for remainder of CMU block; Composite CMU block value calculated

from these properties.

34
Table 3. Material Properties3 (English Units)

MATERIALS 3s e k

(Btu/h-ft-°f

)

(lb/ft 3

) (Btu/fb-'F)

R

(h— ft 2-°F/Bti

Gypsum board (0.5 in) 0.23 c 0.78 c 0.093 50.0 .26 0.45

Gypsum board (0.63 In) 0.23c 0.78 c 0.093 50.0 .26 0.56

Themax (0.5 ln.) b - foilbacked polyurethane board _ 0.010 1.8 .20 4.00

Cedar siding (0.63 in) 0.66 c 0.77 c 0.0667 32.0 .33 0.78

Concrete slab (0.45 ft) 0.67 c 0.92 c 0.82c 140 c .20 0 .4 l c CMJ storage wall (7.63 in) 0.76 c 0.91 c 0.44d 110d .20 0.45d Fiberglass batt insulation (3.5 In) 0.025 0.6 .20 11.8 Fiberglass batt

Insulation (6 In) 0.0250 0.6 .20 20.4

Extruded polystyrene (2 In) — — 0.017 1.8 .29 10.0 Extruded polystyrene

(0.75 In) 0.017 28 .8 .29 3.75

Soli (dry) 0.20 0.90 ~ 0.20 45 .44 —

Plywood (0.5 In) — — 0.0667 34 .29 0.62

Plywood (0.75 in) — — 0.9667 34 .29 0.93

Asphalt shingles 0.90 0.90 — 70 .30 0.44

Roof, gravel or slag

(1.75 In) 0.60 0.90 0.834 55 .40 0.17

Wood (1.5 In) — — 0.0667 32 .33 1.87 Interior metal door

(1.75 in) 0.90 0.056 55 .13 0.44

Louvered door b — — 0.045 14 .33 1.0

Gravel (10.16 cm layer

beneath floor slab) 0.834 55 .40 0.40

Movable Insulation - thermal resistance -7.0 h-ft 2-°F/Btu

Schedule - In place sundown to sunrise (operated manually)

3 Material properties are taken from ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 1981 . except as otherwise noted. Several

of these values will be replaced by measured values as they become available.

b Material properties estimated.

c Properties measured.

d Properties measured for mortar In cores and for remainder of CMJ block; Composite CMJ block value calculated

from these properties.

35
Table 4. Values of Overall Heat Loss Coefficient (UA) Estimated by ASHRAE

Steady-State Method.

Item #

Component or Heat Transfer

Overall Heat

(Btu/hr-°F)

Loss Coefficient (UA) W/°C

Surface

ceil n Cell #3 Cell #4

1 . Ceiling 5.78 (3.05) 5.78 (3.05) 5.78 (3.05)

2. Floor 4.70 (2.48) 4.70 (2.48) 10.10 (5.33)

3. East wall 0.00 * 0.00 * 4.92 (2.60)

4. West wall 0.00 * 0.00 * 0.00 *

5. North wall 3.49 (1.84) 3.49 (1.84) 3.49 (1.48)

6. Upper level south

wall with clerestory shutter:

a. closed

b. open

4.23 (2.23)

18.0 (9.50)

4.23 (2.23)

18.0 (9.50)

4.23 (2.23)

18.0 (9.50)

7. Lower level south

wall. 14.45 (7.63) 9.58 (5.06) 28.15 (14.8)

* The UA value of the inside partition walls is equal to 7.95 W/°C (4.20 Btu/hr-

°F). However, for the purpose of estimated UA value for the test cells the

inside partition walls are considered to have a UA value of zero. This is so because the cell temperatures for the duration of an experiment, are nearly

equal and the intercell heat transfer is neglible in comparison to heat transfer

through the other surfaces.

36
4. INSTRUMENTATION

A total of 457 sensors are installed in and around the building. There are 26 sensors outside the building, and 6, 173, 26, and 226, respectively, are in

cell #1, cell #2, cell #3, and cell #4. These include flow meters, heat flux

meters, pyronometers , resistance thermometers, thermocouples, watt-hour meters,

and weather sensors. The general location of these sensors is summarized in

table 5.

The sensors in this handbook are labeled by a letter and a number. The letters

include H (radiation), Q (heat flux), R (resistance thermometer), T (temperature),

W (weather), and WH (watt-hour). The number, for the sensors installed prior

to FY83, correspond to the sensor in references 1 and 5. The sensors labeled

T267 to T271 in cell #2 in reference 1 have been removed and replaced by new

sensors. The sensors labeled T400 to T520 were installed in FY83 and FY84.

The details of the sensor locations are described below.

4.1 OUTSIDE THE BUILDING

There are 4 solar radiation sensors, a ground reflectance sensor, a wind speed

and wind direction sensor, and 19 thermocouples outside the building.

A pyronometer (H215) mounted on the lower wall of cell #3, 0.5 m (20 in) from

the west of cell #4 and 1.2 m (48 in) above ground is used to measure total

radiation on a south vertical surface. Two pyronometers mounted on the upper

roof are used to measure sky irradiation (H216) and total horizontal radiation

(H217). Ground reflectance is measured by an inverted pyronometer (H218)

located about 4 m from the south wall and 5 m (197 in) from the east wall of

the building. Normal beam radiation is measured by a pyrheliometer (H219)

mounted on the lower roof.

The wind speed and wind direction is measured by an anemometer and vane system located about 61 m (200 ft) southwest of the test building.

Four mechanically aspirated and shielded thermocouples are used to measure the

outside ambient air temperature. Two of these thermocouples, about 20 mm

(.8 in) apart from each other, are about 1.2 m (48 in) above ground and about

2.5 m (99 in) south of the test building; the other two thermocouples are similarly situated on the north of the building. The location of these thermocouples is indicated in figure 1. A ground probe containing 12 thermocouples

is used to monitor the ground temperature. The ground probe is located at a distance of 6.7 m (22 ft) from the northwest corner of the building. The

location of the outside ground probe is indicated in figure 1, while the details

are given in figure 24. The location of the thermocouples for monitoring the

outside surface temperatures of east and north walls of cell #4 are shown in

figure 25.

37
Table 5. Various Sensors Installed at the NBS Passive Solar Test Facility

General Location and Quantity

Item it Sensor Type Outside Cell #1 Cell in Cell #3 Cell H

1 Flow meters 1 1 1 ] (chiller fluid)*

2 Heat flux meters 11

3 Resistance thermometers 2 2 2

4 Radiation sensors

4.1 Direct normal beam 1 4.2 Ground reflectance 1 4.3 Infrared sky radiation 1 4.4 Total horizontal 1 4.5 Total on a south 1 1 vertical surface

5 Type-T thermocouples

5.1 Air 4 23 3 25 55

5.2 Black globe 3 5 8

5.3 Ceiling surface 12 12 24

5.4 East wall surface 2 3 13 18

5.5 Floor surface 12 20 12 44

5.6 Foundation 18* 54 72

5.7 Ground 12 11 46 69

5.8 Heat flux meter surface 11 11

5.9 Heater discharge 1 1 5.10 North wall 1 3 16 20

5.11 Pink globe 2 2

5.12 Trombe wall 82 82

5.13 West wall 3 13 16

6 Watt-hour meters 6 6

7 Weather sensor

7.1 Wind direction 1 r 1 7.2 Wind speed 1 1

Total 26 6 173 26

J

226 457

* Currently not monitored.

38
Ground Probe Sensor Numbers

Gravel*

Undisturbed

earth

Inside Probe Outside Probe

Sensor X Channel Sensor X Channel

A 143 l T277 M 143 7 T500

B 132 ! T278 N 132 8 T501

C 120 l T279 0 120 8 T502

D 108 1 T28H P 108 g

T503

E 96 J T281 Q 96 § T504

F 84 l T282 R 84 ii T505

G 72 J Broken S 72 § T506

H 60 l T283 T 60 | T507

I 48 | T284 U 48 l T508

J 36 i T285 V 36 J T5G9

K 24 J T286 W 24 J T510

L 12 i T287 • X 12 J T511

Removed earth

replaced and tamped

Clean dry sand

<*20 Type T

thermocouple

4 plastic pipe

q

centering dowel

*1 A.

inside probe only

z

1

| |

Nylon - tie \

—

1 • X 4 -

1 ^

- -

n ) NoiK

— |j|

1

1 1 i— 3" 3" / \ I" 7*7 pine 5

poly flow * * c

tubing

Figure 24. Ground Temperature Probes

(See Figs. 1 and 16 for locations)

39
40

Figure

25.

Outside

Surface

Temperature

Sensor

Locations

(Cell

H)
4.2 CELL //I

As indicated earlier, this cell houses the data acquisition system (DAS), and

the continuous air infiltration monitoring system. All of the sensors are connected to the DAS in this cell.

This cell contains 6 watt-hour meters, labeled WH1 to WH6, for monitoring the

electrical energy supplied to cells #2, #3, and #4. There are two watt-hour

meters for each of the three cells, one for the fan coil unit and one for the

lights and electrical outlets. WHl , WH3, and WH5, respectively, are for the

fan coil units in cell it 2, cell #3, and cell it 4; and WH2, WH4, WH6, respectively,

are for the lights and outlets in cell it 2, cell It 3, and cell it 4. Also a reference

millivolt source is located in the cell it 1.

4.3 CELL it2

There are 170 Type T thermocouples, 2 resistance thermometers (RTD), and 1 flow

meter placed in this cell. The flow meter, which is not currently monitored,

is for measuring the chiller fluid flow rate flowing through the chiller of

the fan coil unit. Two RTD's monitor the temperature of the chiller fluid

entering (R231) and leaving (R232) the fan coil unit.

The location of the various thermocouples (TC) are shown schematically in

figures 18, and 26 to 31. Figure 18 shows the location of 3 TC's on the inner

surface of glazing, 3 TC's on the outer surface to Trombe wall, and 4 TC's in

the vents (one in each vent) of the Trombe wall. Figure 26 shows the location

of 63 TC's embedded in the Trombe wall and 9 TC's on the inside surface of the

Trombe wall. Figure 27 shows the location of 22 shielded TC's for cell air

temperatures, 3 TC's placed at the center of black globes, (one unshielded TC

placed near the thermostats is not shown). A schematic of the radiation shield

used for the thermocouples measuring air temperature in cells itl and it 4 is

shown in figure 40. Figure 28 shows the location of 12 TC's on the floor

surface and 12 TC's on the ceiling surface. Figures 29, 30, and 31, respectively, show the location of 3 TC's on the east wall, 3 TC's on the west wall,

and 3 TC's on the north wall of cell it 2.

In addition there is a ground probe in cell it

which is similar to the ground

probe situated outside of the test building. The location of the ground probe

in cell itl is indicated in figure 15, while the location of the 11 TC's within

the probe has been shown in figure 22. Also the cell contains a foundation

probe containing 18 TC's, these thermocouples are not currently monitored. The

location of the foundation probe has been indicated in figure 16, the details

of the foundation probe and foundation sensor location is given in figure 37

along with the foundation sensors for cell #4.

41
STORAGE MALL SENSOR NUMBERS

Depth From Inside Surface (inch) cm Inside

Surface

Probe # 19.05

(7.50)

17.46

(6.88)

13.65

(5.38)

9.84

(3.88)

6.03

(2.38) 2.22

(0.88)

0.32

(0.13)

1 T288 T289 T290 T291 T292 T293 T294 T465

2 T295 T296 T297 T298 T299 T300 T301 T466

3 T302 T303 T304 T305 T306 T307 T308 T467

4 T309 T310 T311 T312 T313 T314 T315 T462

5 T316 T317 T318 T319 T320 T321 T322 T463

6 T323 T324 T325 T326 T327 T328 T329 T464

7 T330 T331 T332 T333 T334 T335 T336 T459

8 T337 T338 T339 T340 T341 T342 T343 T460

9 T344 T345

L T346L- — - T347 T348 T349 T350 T461

1

8

1

Thermocouple probe

Typicol 9 places

(see chort above)

r a

49

,6±_

I" -^ 8

"

•71’ 123

Figure 26. Trorabe Wall Sensor Locations in Cell #2

42
w0) 1—1 o-3o

CJ

CN

<y u

coco

«0oo

hJuo

COc0) 000) u3

4-1 to

J-l 0) c.eH

VJ •H<

CNI01 u3

oc

-»-» U43
Figure 28. Sensor Locations Floor and Ceiling Cell #2

44
45

Figure

29.

Sensor

Locations

East

Wall

Cell

//2.
46

Figure

30.

Sensor

Locations

West

Wall

Cell

//2
Figure 31. Sensor Locations North Wall Cell #2

47
4.4 CELL #3

\

There are 20 TC's to monitor the floor surface temperature in cell #3. Figure

32 schematically shows the location of these sensors. The air temperature in

cell #3 is monitored at two locations with unshielded thermocouples, and averaged,

see figure 19 for details.

The cell has 2 RTD for monitoring the temperature of the chiller fluid entering

(R233) and leaving (R234) the fan coil unit. There also is a flow meter in the

cell which is not currently monitored.

4.5 CELL #4

There is a total of 226 sensors in this cell, 1 flow meter, 1 pyronometer, 11

heat flux meters, 3 RTD's, and 210 thermocouples. Two RTD's, R235 and R236,

respectively, monitor the temperature of the chiller fluid entering and leaving

the fan coil unit. The RTD labeled R237 is for monitoring the room air temperature near the themostats. A flow meter, which is not currently monitored, is

for monitoring the flow rate of the chiller fluid. The pyronometer is placed

in front of the west section of the direct gain fenestration to monitor the

total south-facing vertical radiation inside the cell. The location of this

pyronometer is indicated in figure 39.

The location of other sensors is schematically shown in figures 33 to 39. Figure

33 shows the location of 6 heat flux meters and 19 TC’s placed on the east

wall. Figure 34 shows the location of 13 TC’s placed on the inside surface of

the west wall of cell #4. Figure 35 shows the location of various sensors placed on the ceiling (IQ and 13 TC) and floor (2Q's and 14 TC's). Figure 36

shows the details of the placement of 46 ground themocouples , and figure 37

shows the location of the foundation probes and the location foundation thermocouples. Figure 38 shows the position of various sensors (2 heat flux meters

and 18 TC's) on the north wall in cell #4. Figure 39 shows the position of 25

(22 shielded and 3 unshielded) thermocouples used for monitoring the cell air

temperature. Figure 39 also shows the location of five black globes and two pink

globes used for monitoring the globe temperature. Thermocouple T265, used for

monitoring the heater discharge temperature, is not shown in any figure.

48
All dimensions In Inches

Figure 32. Sensor Locations Floor Surface Cell #3

49
50

Figure

33.

Sensor

Locations

East

Wall

Cell

//
51

Figure

34.

Sensor

Locations

West

Wall

Cell

//4
• Thermocouple O m N

Heat flux meter

-< Ground thermocouple

tree (see Fig 19)

Figure 35. Sensor Locations Ceiling and Floor Cell #4

52
Figure 36. Ground Thermocouple Tree

(See Figure 21 for Location Within Cell ; '4)

53
TO

ft) jC£ » « X - o

-O c. « ft) o —o o ° E C ft)

C

o-c & -a

a>0 *

7? CM

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Cl o )—

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54

Figure

37.

Foundation

Temperature

Sensor

Locations
• Thermocouple (on inside block surface)

Heat flux meter

O Thermocouples spaced in mortar (T164-T170)

Depth from inside surface <r m

, l nch

0.32

0.13

2.22

0.88

6.03

2.38

9.84

3.88

13.65

5.38

17.46

6.88

19.05

7.50

Sensor Number T164 T165 T166 T167 T168 T169 T170

Figure 38. Thermal Storage Wall Sensor Locations in Cell //4

35
3

Thermocouples (unshielded)

vo

cnco

CCUo

•J

l-0

cnc

01 m

cu3

•u«

0)aE

Q) H

Vj •H<

O'

0)

l-l 3

toC

56

T190,

T1

91,

T516

and

T517

are

black

globes

T512

and

T513

are

pink

globes

T518-T520

are

shielded

thermocouples
I

11 Dia. Aluminum Tube

(—I/I6

m thick)

2

n Dia. Aluminum Tube

(~'3/l6

w thick)

Exposed Thermocouple

Figure 40. Radiation Shields Used for Thermocouples

Measuring Air Temperatures

57
5. DATA ACQUISITION

5.1 DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

The new data acquisition system (DAS) consists of a desktop computer with 575K

bytes of memory, a real time clock, and a scanner with an integrating digital

voltmeter having one microvolt resolution. This system provides greater capacity

and improved reliability than the original system. Currently, the DAS is

capable of handling about 500 data channels and its capacity can be expanded

to handle 700 channels. The system has two cassette drives, and a 9-track,

1600 BPI magnetic tape drive for data and software storage. The DAS was received

in March 1983, and its installation was completed in May 1983.

5.2 AIR INFILTRATION MONITORING SYSTEM

The multi-zone automated air infiltration monitoring system using the tracer

gas decay method was designed and built by Dr. Richard Grot of NBS. The system

consists of: a S-1Q0 bus microcomputer with two 8-inch floppy disc drives; a real time clock; a CRT terminal; an electron capture gas chromatograph detector

which measures the sulfur hexafluoride (SF(j) tracer gas in parts per billion

range with an accuracy of 2.5 percent; a ten port sample manifold; a group of

five tracer gas injection units; a bank of ten auxiliary sample pumps; input

data terminals for the wind speed and direction and the ambient and indoor

zone temperatures; and the associated software which monitor and control the

operation of the system. A detailed description of the system is contained in

reference [8].

The tracer gas decay method was used: it consists of a single injection followed

by the measuring of the concentration decay of the tracer gas over a three-hour

period. The amount of tracer gas injection through each of the five injection

units is determined and controlled independently by the microcomputer on the

basis of the concentration decay history of the individual injection zones. Ten sampling locations can be selected within a maximum of five zones. A

small amount of the air drawn by the auxiliary sample pumps from the ten locations

is fed to the gas chromatograph-detector sequentially for measuring of the

tracer gas concentration at the ten locations. Extra-pure argon gas (Ar) is

used to flush out the detector system between samples. A one-minute time

interval is required for measuring each of the sample concentrations and flushing

the detector system after the measurement, resulting in a sampling interval of

ten minutes for all ten sampling ports. Therefore, five concentration data

points per hour for each of the sampling locations are obtained (the last

ten-minute interval is reserved for writing data onto the floppy disc, and

injection of tracer gas if necessary). These five data points are used to

determine the air infiltration rate in terms of air changes per hour on the

basis of tracer decay theory and the least-square technique. Since all the

ten-minute concentration data are stored on the floppy disc, more accurate

least-square analysis based on 15 data points over a three-hour interval (between

injections of tracer gas) can also be performed later if necessary. At present,

insufficient data exist for purposes of precision and accuracy determination.

A reasonable estimate of the uncertainty in a given air change rate determination

is of the order of 10 percent or less [9].

58
or Che present passive solar test house, only three of the five injection

units and nine of the ten sampling ports are used. An injection unit with

three sampling ports serves each cell. In each cell the injection port is

located at the outlet of the fan-coil unit with the fan running continuously

to obtain a uniform mixing of the injected tracer gas within the test cell.

The three sampling ports within each cell are located at the south, center,

and north side of the cell midway between the floor and the ceiling at each

location. For the first series of experiments the doors between the cells are kept closed and any opening through the walls between the cells is sealed to

prevent air movement between the cells. Infiltration data for each sampling

location are computed individually on an hourly basis and the averaged value

of the three locations is computed to be the infiltration data for the test

cell.

5.3 DATA ACQUISITION AND DISTRIBUTION

With the exception of air infiltration data which is on a separate system, all

data are taken by the new data acquisition system and stored on the magnetic

tape. The solar radiation and weather data are taken at one-minute intervals,

watt-hour data are taken at one-hour inervals, and all other data are taken at

ten-minute intervals. These data are later numerically integrated and averaged

to create hourly average data sets. The hourly average data sets including

hourly air infiltration data are recorded onto a magnetic tape in a prior

agreed format. A documentation file containing the test conditions and an index to the data records is also recorded onto the magnetic tape. A printout

of the "Data Documentation" is given in Appendix A as an example. The data

tape along with a printout of the documentation is distributed to the participant

researchers for their use. The hourly average data sets are also archived at

the National Bureau of Standards from where they are available upon request.

5.4 ESTIMATES OF UNCERTAINTY IN THE MEASURED DATA

Some of the factors that contribute to the uncertainty in the measured data

include type of measurement or data, type of sensor used and the material of

its construction, application environment and sensor mounting techniques, data

scanning and logging equipment, and conversion from electrical signals of sensors to engineering quantities. Estimates of measurement uncertainty for

various types of data taken at the NBS test facility are given in table 6, and are discussed below:

59
Table 4. Estimates of Measurement Uncertainty for Different Data

Item

#

Data Type Estimated Measurement Uncertainty

1 Air infiltration + 10%

2 Auxiliary energy <0.1%

3 Heat flux currently indeterminate

4 Solar radiation + 5.0%

5 Temperature + 0. 5°C

6 Wind speed +2.0% with threshold 0.58 m/s

Wind direction + 3 degrees

Air Infiltration

It was discussed earlier in the previous section that at the present state-ofthe-art the existing data are insufficient for the purposes of precision and

uncertainty determination. A reasonable estimate of uncertainty in a given air

change rate, measured by the tracer gas decay method, is about + 10 percent [9].

Auxiliary Energy Supply

The auxiliary energy supplied to the three test cells via six watt-hour meters

is measured by a six pulse counter with the minimum interval equal to 1.8 watthours. Therefore, regardless of the measurement interval the maximum uncertainty of + 1.8 watt-hour is expected in a given measurement. The long term

uncertainty in the energy supply measurement is estimated to be less than

+0.1 percent by repeated comparison of measured data with commercial watt-hour

meter readings.

Heat Flux

The heat-flux meter used in the direct gain cell (i.e., cell #4) of the NBS

test facility were calibrated in a sandwich mode using the "guarded hot-plate"

facility at NBS. However, a definitive estimate of uncertainty in the measured

heat flux data cannot be made at present.

The measurement of heat flux with heat flow sensor (heat-flux meter) was the

subject of a two-day workshop sponsored by the American Society for Testing

and Materials (ASTM). The author attended the ASTM Workshop on Building

Application of Heat Flow Sensors held at the ASTM headquarters in Philadelphia,

PA, on September 22-23, 1983. The general opinion of the experts in the field

is that the measurements of heat flow with heat-flux meters are not very reliable, particularly If the meter's application condition are not similar to

the meter's calibration condition. Also, presently the techniques or the

procedures for calibrating a heat-flux meter are not standarized.

60
Some of the factors which contribute to uncertainty of heat flow measurement

include: (1) thermal and radiometeric properties of the meter material with

respect to those of the test structure material; (2) contact resistance due to

contact between the meter and test article; (3) convection around the meter;

(4) multidimensional conduction; (5) thermal inertia of meter with respect to

that of the test structure; and (6) instability of heat field or unsteady nature

of heat transfer process [10]. More experimental research is needed to quantify

the effects of the abovementioned factors on the heat flow data measured by

heat-flux meters.

Solar Radiation

Solar radiometry is an inexact science with international comparisons showing

disagreement of as much as 7 percent [11]. The sensitivity of Normal Incident

Pyrheliometers (NIP's) is in general shown to be within 0.5 percent of absolute

cavity radiometers that defines the World's Radiometric Reference Scale [12,13].

The NIP used at the test facility has been calibrated within the year and

intercompared within 1 percent to other NIPs. Since the NIP readings are sensitive to the alignment, the tracer of the NIP is realigned twice a day for the

duration of each tests at the NBS test facility.

A sensitivity intercomparison of four side-by-side PSP pyronometers showed an agreement of within 1 percent [14], In this intercomparison the temperature

correction was not made and cosine response was not determined. Instantaneous

values may be uncertain by as much as 3 percent depending on conditions. The

instruments used at the NBS test facility are by one manufacturer and are periodically recalibrated by the supplier. Also, these instruments have been

periodically intercompared at the test facility and the data agreed within 1 percent. Some uncertainty in the pyronometer data may also arise due to misalignment of the instrument. A conservative estimate of overall uncertainty

in the solar radiation data is + 5 percent.

Temperatures

The thermocouples at the NBS test facility were installed by following the

"procedures for minimizing error" described in the ASTM Special Technical

Publication, ASTM SPT-470 [15]. Some of the thermocouples, before their

installation were calibrated in standard ice and hot water baths by following

the procedures described in the ASTM Standard E-220-80 [14]. These thermocouples

were calibrated over the temperature range of 0.0 to 60° C, and thermocouple

data were within + 0.2°C of the reading of the standard thermometer. The

voltage data from thermocouples are converted to temperatures in degree Celsius

(°C) by using the quadratic expansion equation and the values of expansion

coefficients given in reference 17. The uncertainty due to long leads of the

thermocouples is considered to be negligible. Additional unknown uncertainties

due to inhomogeneity and change in material properties is anticipated.

The thermocouples used for measuring the room air temperature in cells i

f 2 and #4 are provided with double radiation shields (see figure 40). The

effectiveness of the sheilds were tested at NBS as: the data from shielded

thermocouples were compared with data from mechanically aspirated and shielded

61
thermocouples the readings were within + 0.1° of each other. An estimate of

the maximum overall uncertainty in the thermocouples data, including errors due to reference, multiplexing, and conversion, is + 0.5°C.

Wind Speed and Direction

The anemometer and vane used for measuring the wind speed is factory calibrated

and has a claimed uncertainty of + 2 percent with a threshold of 0.58 m/s; and

wind direction is + 3 degrees.

Data Scanner

For verifying the resolution of the digital voltmeter of the data scanner and

for assuring that the DAS is functioning properly, the DAS is provided with

one reference, one millivolt signal, and five reference zero volt signals. The zero volt signals are produced by electrically shorting a data channel on a multiplexing card. The reference signals are placed on five different strategically selected multiplexing cards. The one millivolt reference channel and one

of the reference zero volt channel are scanned at one-minute intervals, and

all of the six reference voltage channels are scanned at ten-minute intervals.

The one-minute interval data are only displayed on the CRT (screen), while the

ten-minute interval data from these reference channels in addition to being displaced on the CRT is also recorded on the magnetic tape along with other data.

The data taken to-date has assured us that the system had been functioning

properly during the experiments, and has also verified the acclaimed 1 microvolt

resolution of the voltmeter.
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS

As a part of the DoE's Experimental Systems Research Program, the NBS Passive

Solar Test facility has been constructed in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The test

facility is used to collect class A level performance monitoring data for

different passive solar system under different experimental conditions. The

data is distributed to various researchers for use in: (1) detailed building

energy analysis and models/algorithms validation; and (2) performance characterization of passive solar systems. This handbook provides, for the users of

these data (i.e., models/algorithms developers/validators), a complete physical

description of the test building, sensor locations, data acquisition procedures,

and an estimate of uncertainty in the measured data.

The following items are available from the National Bureau of Standards: (1)

This handbook; (2) data documentation (see appendix); and (3) magnetic tapes

containing hourly average sets of data collected at the NBS test facility.

Additional information concerning the NBS Passive Solar Test Facility and

Experimental Data may be obtained from:

Bal Mahajan

Building Equipment Group/Building Equipment Division

Center for Building Technology

National Bureau of Standards/Building 226/ Room B306

Washington, D.C. 20234

Phone (301)-921-3294

7 . ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work is sponsored by the Passive and Hybrid Solar Division, Office of

Solar Heat Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, as part of the experimental system research program.

The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. Kent A. Reed and

Dr. Stanley T. Liu for their many valuable suggestions.

63
I. ffiFSmNGI

1. "FEegfam km& Flan? Ferfepmaaea Evaluation of Fassive/Hybrid Solar Heating

and Cooling Systems Solar Energy Research Institute Report SERX/FR-721-788,

October 1980 , Golden, CO*

2. Hamilton, B. L. and Scofield, P. M*, "National Passive/Hybrid Performance

Evaluation Program for System Development," Proceedings of the 5th National

Passive Solar Conference, Amherst, MA, October 1980.

3. Lindler, Keith W., "National Bureau of Standards Passive Solar Test Building

Handbook," NBS-GCR-82-398, August 1982, National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234.

4. Mahajan, Bal M. and Liu, Stanley T. , "Initial Results from the NBS Passive

Solar Test Facility," Proceedings of the ASME Solar Division Sixth Annual

Technical Conference, April 19-21, 1983

5. Mahajan, Bal M. and Liu Stanley T., "Results from the NBS Passive Test

Facility - A Status Report," Proceedings of the Passive and Hybrid Solar

Energy Update, September 26-28, 1983.

6. McCabe, M. E., Bushby, S., and Ducas, W. , "Conceptual Design and Performance

Specification for the Passive Solar Component Calorimeter," NBS Letter Report

to DoE, March 1982.

7. "National Bureau of Standards Direct-Gain Test Cell Site Handbook," Los

Alamos National Laboratory Report No. LA-9786-MS, edited by Nancy Sheheen,

Q Division, 1983.

8. Grot, R. A., Hunt, C. M. , and Harrje, D. T., "Automatic Air Infiltration

Measurements in Large Buildings," Proceeding of the First AIC Conference

Infiltration and Measuring Techniques; Windsor, U. K. , October 8-10, 1980.

9. ASTM Standard E741.80, "Standard Practice for Measuring Air Leakage Rate Using

Tracer Dilution Method," ASTM, 1980.

10. Johannesson, Gudni., "Heat Flow Measurements: Thermoelectrical Meters

,

Function Principles and Sources of Errors," Lund Institute of Technology

Report TVBH-3003, Lund, Sweden, 1979. Translated by U.S. Army Corps of

Engineering, March 1982.

11. Proceedings of the International Energy Agency Conference on Pyronometer

Measurements, Final Report," SERI/TR-642-1156R, March 1981, Solar Energy

Research Institute, Boulder, CO.

12. Zerlant, G. A., Bern, J. , Maybee, J. , and Nooring, W. , "The 1981 Intercomparison of Pyronometers and Normal Incident Beam Pyrheliometers at New

River, Arizona, I. Pyrheliometers," DSET Report 81-1218L, December 1981.

64
13. Zerlaut, G. A., Bern, J. , Maybee, J. , and Nooring, W. , "The Second New

River Intercomparison of Pyronometers and Normal Beam Pyrheliometers , " DSET

Report 82-0703E, July 1982.

14. Zerlaut, G. A., Bern, J. , Maybee, J. , and Nooring, W. , "The 1981 Intercomparison of Pyronometers and Normal Incident Pyrheliometers at New River,

Arizona. II. Pyronometers," DSET Report 82-0104L, January 4, 1982.

13. "Manual on the Use of Thermocouples

Special Technical Publication, ASTM

16. ASTM, "Calibration of Thermocouples

1980.

17. Powel, R. L. et al., "Thermocouples

68;" NBS Monograph 125, March 1974.

in Temperature Measurement," AS1M

STP-470, 1980.

by Comparison," ASTM Standard E228-80;

Reference Tables Based on the JPTS65
APPENDIX A

A copy of the "Data Documentation" distribution to various researchers along

with the data tapes.

66
DATA

THE ACCOMPANYING MAGNETIC TAPE CONTAINS DATA COLLECTED AT THE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS PASSIVE SOLAR TEST FACILITY DURING

TESTS CONDUCTED FROM FEBRUARY 17.1984 TO MARCH 12.1984.

CONDITIONS FOR THE TESTS WERE:

LOWER BOUND TEMPERATURE: FIXED IN ALL CELLS.

UPPER BOUND TEMPERATURE: FREE FLOATING IN ALL CELLS.

CLERESTORY SHUTTERS: CLOSED IN CELL #3.& OPEN IN CELLS #2 & #4.

VENTS OF THE TROMBE WALL: BLOCKED IN CELL #2.

FAN COIL UNIT FAN: ON IN ALL CELLS.

ADDITIONAL DESTRATIFYING FANS: ON IN CELL #4.

THE TAPE'S CONTENTS ARE:

1) DOCUMENTATION FILE (THE MATERIAL YOU ARE READING).

2) EOF

3) DATA FILE FROM 2/17. HOUR 16 TO 3/12. HOUR 16

4) EOF

5) EOF

A-l
THE DATA FILES ARE ARRANGED INTO ROWS AND COLUMNS WITH EACH ROW

CORRESPONDING TO A LOGICAL RECORD ON THE MAGNETIC TAPE AND EACH

COLUMN CORRESPONDING TO AN ENTRY IN THE RECORD. THE FIRST ENTRY

IN EACH RECORD IS THE NUMBER OF THE ROW TO WHICH THE RECORD CORRESPONDS.

WHILE THE FOLLOWING EIGHT ENTRIES IN THE RECORD REPRESENT THE HOURLY

AVERAGE READINGS. EACH SET OF 56 ROWS CONSTITUTES A PHYSICAL BLOCK ON THE

MAGNETIC TAPE. EACH PHYSICAL BLOCK CONTAINS A COMPLETE SET OF HOURLY

AVERAGE READINGS FOR A GIVEN HOUR , FOR THE SENSORS MONITORED AT THE

PASSIVE TEST FACILITY.

THE READINGS FOR THE AVERAGES WERE TAKEN AS FOLLOWS

EVERY HOUR - AUXILIARY ENERGY SUPPLIED AND AIR INFILTRATION.

EVERY 1 MINUTE - WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION. AND SOLAR RADIATION.

EVERY 10 MINUTES - ALL OTHER READINGS.

THE DATA ARE WRITTEN WITH THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATIONS

FORMAT (I2.8F9.2)

CHARACTER SET ASCII

TAPE DENSITY 1600 BPI

TRACKS. 9

CHARACTERS/RECORD 80

RECORDS/BLOCK 56

ALL TIMES REFER TO EASTERN STANDARD TIME
AN INDEX TO THE DATA IS GIVEN BELOW.

LOCATION/DESCRIPTION OF EACH SENSOR IS FOLLOWED BY A LABEL. THE LABEL

IN THE PARENTHESIS IS SAME AS THE LABEL IN THE SITE HANDBOOK.

THE SENSORS ARE LABELED BY A LETTER AND A NUMBER. THE LETTERS INCLUDE

H(RADIATION) ,Q(HEAT FLUX ) ,T( TEMPERATURE ) , W ( WEATHER ) , AND WH ( WATT-HOU R )

ALL TEMPERATURES. UNLESS SPECIFIED OTHERWISE, ARE MEASURED WITH TYPE T

THERMOCOUPLES.

HEAT FLUX AND RADIATION DATA ARE GIVEN AS W/M**2,

TEMPERATURES IN DEGREE C, UXILIARY ENERGY IN WATT-HOURS ,

WIND SPEED IN M/S . AND WIND DIRECTION IN DEGREES.

AN ASTERISK INDICATES THAT THE SENSOR WAS INOPERATIVE OR WAS NOT

MONITORED, AND A VALUE OF 9999-99 IS GIVEN AS DATA FOR THE SENSOR.

ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DATA SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO

BAL M. MAHAJAN / STANLEY T. LIU

BLDG 226 . ROOM B306

CENTER FOR BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

WASHINGTON D. C. 20234

PHONE 301-921-3294 OR 301-921-2607 (COMMERCIAL)

921-3294 OR 921-2607 (FTS)
ROW 1 COLUMN

1 YEAR

2 DAY

3 HOUR

4 REFERENCE MILLIVOLT SIGNAL - 5 REFERENCE ZERO

6 NOT USED (9999.99)

7 NOT USED (9999.99)

8 NOT USED (9999.99)

ROW 2

COLUMN

1 VERTICAL RADIATION BEHIND GLASS CELL 4 (H214)

2 VERTICAL RADIATION OUTSIDE OF GLASS CELL 4 (H215)

3 SKY INFRARED RADIATION (H216)

4 TOTAL HORIZONTAL RADIATION (ON ROOF) (H217)

5 GROUND REFLECTED RADIATION (H218)

6 DIRECT NORMAL RADIATION ( H2 1 9

)

7 WIND SPEED (M/S) (W1)

8 WIND DIRECTION ANGLE (DEGREES) MEASURED CLOCKWISE FROM NORTH (W2)

ROW 3

COLUMN

1 HEAT FLUX BHND EAST WALL 163 CM FRM SOUTH WALL

136 CM FROM FLOOR CELL #4 (Q220)

2 HEAT FLUX AS ABOVE. BUT ON SURFACE OF E WALL (Q221

)

3 HEAT FLUX LEVEL CEIL 187 CM FRM WEST WALL

111 CM FROM SOUTH WALL CELL #4 (Q222)

4 HEAT FLUX FLOOR. SOUTH SECT, 200 CM FRM WEST WALL

119 CM FRM SOUTH WALL CELL #4 (Q223)

5 HEAT FLUX FLOOR. NORTH SECT. 731 CM FRM SOUTH WALL

124 CM FROM WEST WALL CELL #4 (Q224)

6 HEAT FLUX STRG WALL BOT. 268 CM FRM WEST WALL

57 CM FROM FLOOR CELL #4 (Q225)

7 HEAT FLUX STRG WALL TOP. 268 CM FRM WEST WALL

178 CM FROM FLOOR CELL #4 (Q226)

* 8 HEAT FLUX BHND EAST WALL. 613 CM FRM SOUTH WALL

139 CM FROM FLOOR CELL #4 (Q227)

ROW 4

COLUMN

1 HEAT FLUX AS ABOVE. BUT ON SURFACE OF E WALL (Q228)

2 HEAT FLUX SURFACE EAST WALL 314 CM FRM SOUTH WALL

142 CM FROM FLOOR CELL #4 (Q229)

• 3 HEAT FLUX SURFACE EAST WALL 712 CM FR SOUTH WALL

142 CM FR FLOOR CELL #4 (Q230)

4 RTD CELL #2 FCU IN (R231)

5 RTD CELL #2 FCU OUT (R232)

6 RTD CELL #3 FCU IN (R233)

7 RTD CELL #3 FCU OUT (R234)

• 8 RTD CELL #4 FCU IN (R235)

A-4
ROW 5

COLUMN

1

RTD CELL #4 FCU OUT (R236)

• 2 RTD CELL #4 499 CM FR SOUTH WALL 150 CM FR FLOOR

NEAR THERMOSTAT (R237)

3 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FROM S WALL 41 CM FRM FLOOR ( T 1

)

4 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM FRM FLOOR (T2)

5 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FROM s WALL 203 CM FRM FLOOR (T3)

6 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 366 CM FROM s WALL 41 CM FRM FLOOR (T4)

7 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 366 CM FROM s WALL 122 CM FRM FLOOR (T5)

8 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 366 CM FROM s WALL 203 CM FRM FLOOR (T6)

ROW 6

COLUMN

1 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM s WALL 51 CM FRM FLOOR (T7

)

2 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM s WALL 150 CM FRM FLOOR (T8)

3 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM s WALL 249 CM FRM FLOOR (T9)

4 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM s WALL 348 CM FRM FLOOR (T10)

5 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FROM s WALL 51 CM FRM FLOOR (Til)

6 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FROM s WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T12)

7 E WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FROM s WALL 254 CM FRM FLOOR (T13)

8 W WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FROM s WALL 41 CM FRM FLOOR (T14)

ROW 7

COLUMN

1 W WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FROM s WALL 122 CM FRM FLOOR (T15)

2 w WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FROM s WALL 203 CM FRM FLOOR (T16

)

3 w WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 366 CM FROM s WALL 51 CM FRM FLOOR ( T 1 7

)

4 w WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 366 CM FROM s WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T18)

5 w WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 366 CM FROM s WALL 203 CM FRM FLOOR ( T 1 9

)

6 w WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM s WALL 51 CM FRM FLOOR (T20)

7

* w WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM s WALL 150 CM FRM FLOOR (T21

)

8 w WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM s WALL 249 CM FRM FLOOR (T22)

ROW 8

COLUMN

1 W WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 533 CM FROM S WALL 348 CM FRM FLOOR (T23)

2 W WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FROM S WALL 51 CM FRM FLOOR (T24)

3 W WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FROM S WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T25)

4 W WALL SURF TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FROM S WALL 254 CM FRM FLOOR (T26)

5 CEIL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENT LN (T27)

6 CEIL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FRM S WALL ON CENT LN (T28)

7 CEIL SURF TEMP CELL #4 122 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENT LN (T29)

8 CEIL SURF TEMP CELL #4 366 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENT LN (T30)

ROW 9

COLUMN

1 CEIL SURF TEMP CELL, #4 366 CM FRM S WALL ON CENT LN (T31)

2 CEIL SURF TEMP CELL, #4 366 CM FRM S WALL 122! CM E: OF CENT LN (T32)

3 SLOPED CEIL 97 CM ALONG SURF FR CLRSTY 122 CM W OF CENTER LN (T33)

4 SLOPED CEIL 97 CM ALONG SURF FR CLRSTY ON CENTER LN (T34)

5 SLOPED CEIL 97 CM ALONG SURF FR CLRSTY 122 CM E OF CENTER LN (T35)

6 SLOPED CEIL 290 CM ALONG SURF FR CLRSTY 122 CM W OF CENTER LN (T36)

7 SLOPED CEIL 290 CM ALONG SURF FR CLRSTY ON CENTER LN (T37)

8 SLOPED CEIL 290 CM ALONG SURF FR CLRSTY 122 CM E OF CENTER LN (T38)

A-5
ROW 10

COLUMN

1 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 102 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENT LN (T39)

2 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 102 CM FRM S WALL ON CENT LN (T40)

3 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 102 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENT LN (T41)

4 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 307 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENT LN (T42)

5 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 307 CM FRM S WALL ON CENT LN (T43)

6 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 307 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENT LN (T44)

7 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 513 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENT LN (T45)

8 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 513 CM FRM S WALL ON CENT LN (T46)

ROW 11

COLUMN

1 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 513 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENT LN (T47)

2 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 719 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENT LN (T48)

3 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 719 CM FRM S WALL ON CENT LN (T49)

4 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #4 719 CM FRM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENT LN (T50)

5 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 1.3 CM (0.5 INCHES) (T51)

6 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 2.5 CM (1 INCHES) (T53)

7 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 3.8 CM (1.5 INCHES) (T54)

8 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 5.0 CM (2 INCHES) (T55)

ROW 12

COLUMN

1 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 6.4 CM (2.5 INCHES) (T56)

2 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 7.6 CM (3 INCHES) (T57)

3 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 8.9 CM (3.5 INCHES) (T58)

4 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 10-2 CM (4 INCHES) (T59)

5 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 11.4 CM (4.5 INCHES) (T60)

6 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 12.7 CM (5 INCHES) (T61)

7 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 14.0 CM (5.5 INCHES) (T62)

8 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 15.2 CM (6 INCHES) (T63)

ROW 13

COLUMN

1 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 17.8 CM (7 INCHES) (T64)

2 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 20.3 CM (8 INCHES) (T65)

3 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 22.9 CM (9 INCHES) (T66)

4 • FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 25.4 CM (10 INCHES) (T67)

5 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 27.9 CM (11 INCHES) (T68)

6 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 30.5 CM (12 INCHES) (T69)

7 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 35.6 CM (14 INCHES) (T70)

8 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 40.6 CM (16 INCHES) (T71)

ROW 14

COLUMN

1 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT' 45-7 CM (18 INCHES) (T72)

2 • FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT' 50.8 CM( 20 INCHES) (T73)

3 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT 55.9 CM( 22 INCHES) (T74)

4 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #2 (SOUTH) AT' 61-0 CM (24 INCHES) (T75)

5 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 1 .3 CM (0.5 INCHES) (T76)

6 * FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 2!.5 CM (1 INCHES) (T77)

7 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 31.8 CM (1.5 INCHES) (T78)

8 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 5i.O CM (2 INCHES) (T79)
ROW 15

COLUMN

1 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT' 6.11 CM[ (2. 5 INCHES) (T80)

2 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 7.6 CM (3 INCHES) (T81)

3 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 8.9 CM (3.5 INCHES) (T82)

4 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 10.2 CM (4 INCHES) (T83)

5 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 11.4 CM (4.5 INCHES) (T84)

•

6 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 12.7 CM (5 INCHES) (T85)

7 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 14.0 CM (5.5 INCHES) (T86

)

8 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 15-2 CM (6 INCHES) (T87)

ROW 16

COLUMN

1 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 17.8 CM (7 INCHES) (T88)

2 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 20.3 CM (8 INCHES) (T89)

3 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 22-9 CM (9 INCHES) (T90)

4 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 25-4 CM (10 INCHES) (T9 1

)

5 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 27.9 CM (11 INCHES) (T92)

6

• FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 30-5 CM (12 INCHES) (T93)

7

• FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 35-6 CM (14 INCHES) (T94)

8 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 40.6 CM (.16 INCHES) (T95)

ROW 17

COLUMN

1 • FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 45-7 CM (18 INCHES)

2 FLOOR TEMP CELL #4 PROBE #3 (NW) AT 55.9 CM (22 INCHES)

3 S FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB

4 S FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 10 CM BELOW SLAB

5 S FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB

6 S FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 31 CM BELOW SLAB

7 S FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB

8 S FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 51 CM BELOW SLAB

ROW 18

COLUMN

1 S FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (T107)

2 S FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB (T108)

3 S FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB (T109)

4 S FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB (T110)

5 S FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (Till)

6 S FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB (T112)

7 S FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 10 CM BELOW SLAB (T113)

8 S FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB (T114)

(T96)

(T98)

( T 1 0 1

)

(T102)

(T103)

(T104)

(T105)

(T106

)

COLUMN

1 S FNDTN INSULATION OUTER

2 S FNDTN INSULATION OUTER

3 S FNDTN INSULATION OUTER

4 S FNDTN INSULATION OUTER

5 E FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP

6 E FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP

7 E FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP

8 E FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP

ROW 19

SURF TEMP CELL #4 31 CM BELOW

SURF TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW

SURF TEMP CELL #4 51 CM BELOW

SURF TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW

CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB

CELL #4 10 CM BELOW SLAB

CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB

CELL #4 31 CM BELOW SLAB

SLAB ( T 1 15)

SLAB ( T 1 16 ) SLAB (T117)

SLAB ( T 1 18)

( T 1 19)

(T120)

(T121

)

(T122)
ROW 20

COLUMN

1 E FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB (T123)

2 E FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 51 CM BELOW SLAB (T124)

3 E FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (T125)

4 E FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB (T126)

5 E FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB (T127)

' 6 E FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB (T128)

7 E FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (T129)

8 E FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB (T130)

ROW 21

COLUMN

1 E FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 10 CM BELOW SLAB (T131)

2 E FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB (T132)

3 E FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 31 CM BELOW SLAB (T133)

4 E FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB (T134)

5 E FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 51 CM BELOW SLAB (T135)

6 E FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (T136)

7 N FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB (T137)

8 N FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 10 CM BELOW SLAB (T138)

ROW 22

COLUMN

1 N FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB (T139)

2 N FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 31 CM BELOW SLAB (T140)

3 N FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB (T141)

4 N FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 51 CM BELOW SLAB (T142)

5 N FOUNDATION INSIDE TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (T143)

6 N FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB (T144)

7 N FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB (T145)

8 N FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB (T146)

ROW 23

COLUMN

1 N FOUNDATION OUTSIDE TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (T147)

2 N FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 0 CM BELOW SLAB (T148)

3 N FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 10 CM BELOW SLAB (T149)

4 N FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 20 CM BELOW SLAB (T150)

5 N FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 31 CM BELOW SLAB (T151

)

6 N FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 41 CM BELOW SLAB (T152)

7 N FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 51 CM BELOW SLAB (T153)

8 N FNDTN INSULATION OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 61 CM BELOW SLAB (T 1 54

)

ROW 24

COLUMN

1 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP 69 CM W OF CENTER LINE 203 CM FRM FLOOR (T 1 55

)

2 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP 69 CM W OF CENTER LINE 122 CM FRM FLOOR (T 1 56

)

3 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP 69 CM W OF CENTER LINE 41 CM FRM FLOOR (T157)

4 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP ON CENTER LINE 203 CM FRM FLOOR (T158)

5 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP ON CENTER LINE 122 CM FRM FLOOR (T159)

6 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP ON CENTER LINE 41 CM FRM FLOOR (T160)

7 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP 69 CM E OF CENTER LINE 203 CM FRM FLOOR (T161)

6 STRGE WALL SURF TEMP 69 CM E OF CENTER LINE 122 CM FRM FLOOR (T162)

• • • •••••••• • ••••• • ••••••

A-8
ROW 25

COLUMN

1 • STRGE WALL SURF TEMP 69 CM E OF CENTER LINE 41 CM FRM FLOOR (T163)

2 STRGE WALL PROBE 0.32 CM FROM INNER SURFACE (T164)

3 STRGE WALL PROBE 2.22 CM FROM INNER SURFACE (T 1 6 5

)

4 STRGE WALL PROBE 6.03 CM FROM INNER SURFACE (T166)

5 STRGE WALL PROBE 9.84 CM FROM INNER SURFACE (T 1 67 )

’

6 STRGE WALL PROBE 13.65 CM FROM INNER SURFACE (T168)

7 STRGE WALL PROBE 17.46 CM FROM INNER SURFACE (T 1 6 9

)

8 STRGE WALL PROBE 19 05 CM FROM INNER SURFACE (T 1 7 0

)

ROW 26

COLUMN

1 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 10 CM FROM FLOOR (T 17 1

)

2 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 20 CM FROM FLOOR (T172)

3 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 30 CM FROM FLOOR (T173)

4 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 76 CM FROM FLOOR (T 1 7 4

)

5 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 122 CM FROM FLOOR (T 1 75

)

6 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 168 CM FROM FLOOR (T176)

7 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 213 CM FROM FLOOR ( T 1 77

)

8 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 224 CM FROM FLOOR ( T 1 78

)

ROW 27

COLUMN

1 AIR TEMP CELL #4 275 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 234 CM FROM FLOOR (T179)

2 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 10 CM FROM FLOOR (T180)

3 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 20 CM FROM FLOOR (T 1 8 1

)

4 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 30 CM FROM FLOOR (T182)

5 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 79 CM FROM FLOOR (T183)

6 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 127 CM FROM FLOOR (T184)

7 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 175 CM FROM FLOOR (T185)

8 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 224 CM FROM FLOOR (T186)

ROW 28

COLUMN

1 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 272 CM FROM FLOOR ( T 1 87

)

2 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 320 CM FROM FLOOR ( T 1 88

)

3 AIR TEMP CELL #4 580 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 368 CM FROM FLOOR ( T 1 89

)

4 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL #4 152 CM FRM S WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T190)

5 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL #4 472 CM FRM S WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR ( T 1 9 1

)

6 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FRM S WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T192)

7 AIR TEMP CELL #3 (5 PT AVER 3 OF N STRING & 2 OF S STRING) ( T 1 93

)

N STRING 326 CM FRM FLOOR 66 CM FRM E WALL 1579 CM FRM S WAL

187 CM FRM :FLOOR 66 CM FRM E WALL 579 CM FRM S WAL

74 CM FRM :FLOOR 66 CM FRM E WALL 579 CM FRM S WAL

8 AIR TEMP CELL #4 15 'CM ;FROM CLRSTY 30 CM FROM ROOF ]PEAK (T1 94

)

A-9
ROW 29

COLUMN

1 AIR TEMP CELL #4 15 CM FROM CLRSTY 20 CM FROM ROOF PEAK

2 AIR TEMP CELL #4 15 CM FROM CLRSTY 10 CM FROM ROOF PEAK

3 EAST WALL OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 SOUTH SECTION

4 EAST WALL OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4 NORTH SECTION

5 NORTH WALL OUTER SURF TEMP CELL #4

6 AIR TEMP CELL #3 N SECT 275 CM FRM FLOOR 66 CM FRM E WALL

589 CM FROM SOUTH WALL

7 AIR TEMP CELL #3 N SECT 49 CM FRM FLOOR 66 CM FRME WALL

589 CM FROM SOUTH WALL

8 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #222

(T195)

(T196)

( T 1 97

)

(T1 98)

(T 1 99)

(T251)

(T252)

(T253)

ROW 30

COLUMN

1 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #220 (T254)

2 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #221 (T255)

3 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #227 (T256)

4 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #228 (T257)

5 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #226 (T258)

6 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #225 (T259)

7 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR # 223 (T260)

8 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #224 (T261)

ROW 31

COLUMN

1 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #229 (T262)

2 SURF TEMP OF HEAT FLUX SENSOR #230 (T264)

3 HEATER DISCHARGE TEMP, CELL #4 (T265)

4 PINK GLOBE TEMP CELL #4 472 CM FR S WALL 152 CM FR FLOOR (T512)

5 PINK GLOBE TEMP CELL #4 152 CM FR S WALL 152 CM FR FLOOR (T513)

6 OUTSIDE TEMP - MECH ASPIRATED- SOUTH (T514)

7 OUTSIDE TEMP - MECH ASPIRATED- NORTH (T515)

8 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL 4 580 CM FR S WALL 152 CM FR FLOOR (T516)

ROW 32

COLUMN

1 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL 4 275 CM FR S WALL 152 CM FR FLOOR (T517)

2 AIR TEMP CELL #4 700 CM FROM S WALL 152 CM FROM FLOOR (T518)

3 AIR TEMP CELL#4 472 CM FROM S WALL 152 CM FROM FLOOR (T519)

4 AIR TEMP CELL#4 152 CM FROM S WALL 152 CM FROM FLOOR (T520)

5 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 297 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM S WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T277)

6 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 269 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM S WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T278)

7 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 239 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM S WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T279)

8 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2, 208 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM S WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T280)

• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ft** • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••*•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
ROW 33

COLUMN

1 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 178 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T281)

2 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 148 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T282)

3 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 87 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T283)

4 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 55 CM FROM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T284)

5 • GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 26 CM FROOM BELOW FLOOR

391 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T285)

6 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2. 4 CM ABOVE FLOOR

391 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T286)

7 GROUND TEMP PROBE CELL #2, 35 CM ABOVE FLOOR

391 CM FROM SOUTH WALL 144 CM FROM W WALL (T287)

8 TROMBE WALL PROBE 1 PT. 1. 19.05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T288)

ROW 34

COLUMN

1 TROMBE WALL PROBE 1 PT. 2- 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T289)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 1 PT. 3* 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T290)

3 TROMBE WALL PROBE 1 PT. 4. 9.84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T291)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 1 PT. 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T292)

5 TROMBE WALL PROBE 1 PT. 6. 3.22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T293)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 1 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T294)

7 TROMBE WALL PROBE 2 PT. 1. 19.05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T295)

8 TROMBE WALL PROBE 2 PT. 2- 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T296)

ROW 35

COLUMN

1 TROMBE WALL PROBE 2 PT. 3- 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T297)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 2 PT. 4. 9-84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T298)

3 TROMBE WALL PROBE 2 PT. 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T299)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 2 PT. 6. 2.22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T300)

5 TROMBE WALL PROBE 2 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T301)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 3 PT. 1. 19.05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T302)

7 TROMBE WALL PROBE 3 PT. 2. 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T303)

8 TROMBE WALL PROBE 3 PT. 3- 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T304)

ROW 36

COLUMN

1 * TROMBE WALL PROBE 3 PT. 4. 9-84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T305)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 3 PT. 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T306)

3 TROMBE WALL PROBE 3 PT. 6. 2.22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T307)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 3 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T308)

5 TROMBE WALL PROBE 4 PT. 1. 19.05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T309)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 4 PT. 2- 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T3 10 ) 7 TROMBE WALL PROBE 4 PT. 3- 13.56 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T311)

8 TROMBE WALL PROBE 4 PT. 4. 9.84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T312)

A-ll
ROW 37

COLUMN

1 TROMBE WALL PROBE 4 FT# 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T313)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 4 PT. 6. 2.22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T314)

3 TROMBE WALL PROBE 4 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T315)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 5 PT. 1. 19.05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T316)

5 TROMBE WALL PROBE 5 PT. 2. 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T317)

'

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 5 PT. 3. 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T3 18)

7 TROMBE WALL PROBE 5 PT. 4. 9.84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T319)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 5 PT. 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T320)

ROW 38

COLUMN

1 TROMBE WALL PROBE 5 PT. 6 . 2. 22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T321)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 5 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T322)

3 • TROMBE WALL PROBE 6 PT. 1. 19.05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T323)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 6 PT. 2. 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T324)

5 TROMBE WALL PROBE 6 PT. 3- 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T325)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 6 PT. 4. 9-84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T326)

7 TROMBE WALL PROBE 6 PT. 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T327)

8 TROMBE WALL PROBE 6 PT. 6. 2.22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T328)

ROW 39

COLUMN

1 TROMBE WALL PROBE 6 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T329)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 7 PT. 1. 19.05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T330)

3 TROMBE WALL PROBE 7 PT. 2. 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T331)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 7 PT. 3* 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T332)

5 • TROMBE WALL PROBE 7 PT. 4- 9.84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T333)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 7 PT. 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T334)

7 TROMBE WALL PROBE 7 PT. 6. 2.22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T335)

8 TROMBE WALL PROBE 7 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T336)

ROW 40

COLUMN

1 TROMBE WALL PROBE 8 PT. 1. 19-05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T337)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 8 PT. 2. 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T338)

3 TROMBE WALL PROBE 8 PT. 3- 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T339)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 8 PT. 4- 9-84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T340)

5 TROMBE WALL PROBE 8 PT. 5. 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T341)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 8 PT. 6. 2.22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T342)

7 TROMBE WALL PROBE 8 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T343)

8 TROMBE WALL PROBE 9 PT. 1. 19-05 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T344)

ROW 41

COLUMN

1 • TROMBE WALL PROBE 9 PT. 2. 17.46 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T345)

2 TROMBE WALL PROBE 9 PT. 3- 13.65 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T346)

3 TROMBE WALL PROBE 9 PT. 4. 9.84 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T347)

4 TROMBE WALL PROBE 9 PT. 5- 6.03 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T348)

5 * TROMBE WALL PROBE 9 PT. 6 . 2. 22 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T349)

6 TROMBE WALL PROBE 9 PT. 7. 0.32 CM FROM INSIDE SURFACE (T350)

7 AIR TEMP CELL #2 NEAR THERMOSTAT ON WEST WALL (T400)

8 INSIDE GLAZING SURFACE TEMP 302 CM FROM EAST WALL (T401)

A-12
ROW 42

COLUMN

1 INSIDE GLAZING SURFACE TEMP 180 CM FROM EAST WALL (T402)

2 INSIDE GLAZING SURFACE TEMP 71 CM FROM EAST WALL (T403)

3 OUTSIDE T-WALL SURFACE TEMP 302 CM FROM EAST WALL (T404)

4 OUTSIDE T-WALL SURFACE TEMP 180 CM FROM EAST WALL (T405)

5 OUTSIDE T-WALL SURFACE TEMP 71 CM FROM EAST WALL (T406)

6 UPPER WEST SIDE VENT AIR TEMP IN TROMBE WALL (T407)

7 LOWER WEST SIDE VENT AIR TEMP IN TROMBE WALL (T408)

8 UPPER EAST SIDE VENT AIR TEMP IN TROMBE WALL (T409)

ROW 43

COLUMN

1 LOWER EAST SIDE VENT AIEt TEMP IN TROMBE WALL (T410)

2 OUTSIDE AIR TEMP NORTH SIDE (MECH ASPIRATED SHIELD) (T411)

3 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 10 CM FROM FLOOR (T412)

4 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 20 CM FROM FLOOR ( T4 1 3

)

5 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 30 CM FROM FLOOR (T414)

6 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 80 CM FROM FLOOR (T415)

7 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 127 CM FROM FLOOR (T416)

8 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 175 CM FROM FLOOR (T417)

ROW 44

COLUMN

1 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 224 CM FROM FLOOR (T418)

2 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 272 CM FROM FLOOR (T419)

3 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 320 CM FROM FLOOR (T420)

4 AIR TEMP CELL #2 580 CM FROM S WALL 368 CM FROM FLOOR (T421

)

5 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 10 CM FROM FLOOR (T422)

6 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 20 CM FROM FLOOR (T423)

7 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 30 CM FROM FLOOR (T424)

8 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 76 CM FROM FLOOR (T425)

ROW 45

COLUMN

1 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM FROM FLOOR (T426

)

2 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 168 CM FROM FLOOR (T427)

3 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 213 CM FROM FLOOR (T428)

4 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 224 CM FROM FLOOR (T429)

5 AIR TEMP CELL #2 275 CM FROM S WALL 234 CM FROM FLOOR (T430)

6 SLOPED CEIL TEMP 97 CM FROM CLRSTRY 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T43 1

)

7

* SLOPED CEIL TEMP 97 CM FROM CLRSTRY ON CENTER LINE (T432)

8 SLOPED CEIL TEMP 97 CM FROM CLRSTRY 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T433)

ROW 46

COLUMN

1 SLOPED CEIL TEMP 290 CM FROM CLRSTRY 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T434)

2 SLOPED CEIL TEMP 290 CM FROM CLRSTRY ON CENTER LINE (T4 35

)

3 SLOPED CEIL TEMP 290 CM FROM CLRSTRY 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T4 36

)

4 FLAT CEIL TEMP 122 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T4 37

)

5 FLAT CEIL TEMP 122 CM FROM S WALL ON CENTER LINE ( T4 38

)

6 FLAT CEIL TEMP 122 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T439)

7 FLAT CEIL TEMP 366 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T440)

8 FLAT CEIL TEMP 366 CM FROM S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T441)

A-13
ROW 47

COLUMN

1 FLAT CEIL TEMP 366 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T442)

2 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 102 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T443)

3 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 102 CM FROM S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T444)

4 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 102 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T445)

5 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 307 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T446)

’

6 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 307 CM FROM S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T447)

7 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 307 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T448)

8 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 513 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T449)

ROW 48

COLUMN

1 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 513 CM FROM S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T450)

2 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 513 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T451)

3 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 719 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM W OF CENTER LINE (T452)

4 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 719 CM FROM S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T453)

5 FLOOR SURFACE TEMP 719 CM FROM S WALL 122 CM E OF CENTER LINE (T454)

6 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL #2 152 CM FRM S WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T455)

7 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL #2 472 CM FRM S WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T456)

8 BLACK GLOBE TEMP CELL #2 700 CM FRM S WALL 152 CM FRM FLOOR (T457)

ROW 49

COLUMN

1 OUTSIDEI AIR TEMP SOUTH SIDE (MECH ASPIRATED SHIELD) (T458)

2 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 20 CM FRM E WALL 211.0 CM FRM FLOOR (T459)

3 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 20 CM FRM E WALL 124.5 CM FRM FLOOR (T460)

4 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 20 CM FRM E WALL 23.0 CM FRM FLOOR (T46 1

)

5 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 180 CM FRM E WALL 211.0 CM FRM FLOOR (T462)

6 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 180 CM FRM E WALL 124.5 CM FRM FLOOR (T463)

7 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 180 CM FRM E WALL 23.0 CM FRM FLOOR (T464)

8 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 353 CM FRM E WALL 211.0 CM FRM FLOOR (T465)

ROW 50

COLUMN

1 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 353 CM FRM E WALL 124.5 CM FRM FLOOR (T466)

2 T-WALL INSIDE SURF TEMP 353 CM FRM E WALL 23.0 CM FRM FLOOR (T467)

3 E WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP 163 CM FRM S WALL 120 CM FRM FLOOR (T468)

4 E WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP 582 CM FRM S WALL 310 CM FRM FLOOR (T469)

5 E WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP 582 CM FRM S WALL 132 CM FRM FLOOR (T470)

6 N WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP 96.5 CM FR E WALL 206 CM FRM FLOOR (T471)

7 N WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP 96.5 CM FR E WALL 120 CM FRM FLOOR (T472)

8 N WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP 290-0 CM FR E WALL 218 CM FRM FLOOR (T473)

COLUMN

1 W WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP

2 W WALL CELL #2 SURF TEMP

3 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3.

4 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3.

5 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3.

6 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3.

7 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3.

8 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3.

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••a**

ROW 51

187 CM FRM S WALL 160 CM FRM FLOOR

582 CM FRM S WALL 305 CM FRM FLOOR

7.61 CM FR N WALL ON CENTER LINE

15.24 CM FR N WALL ON CENTER LINE

30.48 CM FR N WALL ON CENTER LINE

60.96 CM FR N WALL ON CENTER LINE

101 CM FR N WALL ON CENTER LINE

317 CM FR N WALL ON CENTER LINE

(T474)

(T475)

(T476)

(T477)

(T478)

(T479)

(T480)

(T481)

A-14
ROW 52

COLUMN

1 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 513 CM FR N WALL ON CENTER LINE (T482)

2 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 104 CM FR S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T483)

3 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 61 CM FR S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T484)

4 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 30.5 CM FR S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T485)

5 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 15.5 CM FR S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T486

)

6 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 7.6 CM FR S WALL ON CENTER LINE (T487)

7 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 101.6 CM FR NORTH WALL

122 CM EAST OF CENTER LINE (T488)

8 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 317 CM FR NORTH WALL

122 CM EAST OF CENTER LINE (T489)

ROW 53

COLUMN

1 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 513 CM FR NORTH WALL

122 CM EAST OF CENTER LINE (T490)

2 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 104 CM FR SOUTH WALL

122 CM EAST OF CENTER LINE (T491)

3 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 101 CM FR NORTH WALL

122 CM WEST OF CENTER LINE (T492)

4 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 317 CM FR NORTH WALL

122 CM WEST OF CENTER LINE (T493)

5 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 513 CM FR NORTH WALL

122 CM WEST OF CENTER LINE (T494)

6 FLOOR SURF TEMP CELL #3. 102 CM FR SOUTH WALL

122 CM WEST OF CENTER LINE (T495)

WEST WALL SURF TEMP CELL #2, 532 CM FR SOUTH WALL

125 CM ABOVE FLOOR (T496)

AIR TEMP CELL #2. 152 CM FR SOUTH WALL 152 CM ABOVE FLOOR

NEAR SOUTH BLACK GLOBE (T497)

ROW 54

COLUMN

1 AIR TEMP CELL #2. 472 CM FR SOUTH WALL 152 CM ABOVE FLOOR

NEAR CENTER BLACK GLOBE (T498)

2 AIR TEMP CELL #2. 700 CM FR SOUTH WALL 152 CM ABOVE FLOOR

NEAR NORTH BLACK GLOBE (T499)

3 OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 298.5 CM BELOW GROUND (T500)

4 OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 270.0 CM BELOW GROUND (T501)

5 • OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 240.1 CM BELOW GROUND (T502)

6 OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 209-2 CM BELOW GROUND (T503)

7 OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 178.8 CM BELOW GROUND (T504)

8 OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 147.5 CM BELOW GROUND (T505)

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••a*******

ROW 55

COLUMN

1 OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 117.5 CM BELOW GROUND (T506)

2 OUTSIDE GROUNDPROBE 87.3 CM BELOW GROUND. (T507)

3 OUTSIDE GROUNDPROBE 56.5 CM BELOW GROUND (T508)

4 OUTSIDE GROUNDPROBE 26.5 CM BELOW GROUND (T509)

5 OUTSIDE GROUND PROBE 4.4 CM ABOVE GROUND (T510)

6 OUTSIDE GROUNDPROBE 35.0 CM ABOVE GROUND (T511)

7 ENERGY USED BY THE FAN COIL UNIT IN CELL #2 (WH1

)

8 ENERGY USED BY THE LIGHTS & OUTLETS IN CELL #2 (WH2)

A-15
ROW 56

COLUMN

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

ENERGY USED BY THE FAN COIL UNIT IN

ENERGY USED BY THE LIGHTS & OUTLETS

ENERGY USED BY THE FAN COIL UNIT IN

ENERGY USED BY THE LIGHTS & OUTLETS

AIR INFILTRATION CELL #2

AIR INFILTRATION CELL #3

AIR INFILTRATION CELL #4

NOT USED

CELL #3 (WH3)

IN CELL #3 (WH4)

CELL #4 (WHS

)

IN CELL #4 (WH6)

(VOLUME CHANGES PER HOUR)

(VOLUME CHANGES PER HOUR)

(VOLUME CHANGES PER HOUR)

(9999-99)

A-16
HBS»1 14A (rev. 2 »ac) U.». DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See i instruction s)

1. PUBLICATION OR

2911

2. Performing Organ. Report No 3. Publication Date August 1984

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

National Bureau of Standards Passive Solar Test Facility - Instrumentation and Site

Handbook

5. AUTHOR(S)

Bal M. Mahajan -

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions)

national bureau of standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City, State, ZIP)

U.S. Dept, of Energy

Office of Solar Heat Technologies

Forrestal Building

Washington, D.C. 20585

10. supplementary notes

_j Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual sumrr.ary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), under the sponsorship of the U.S,

Department of Energy (DoE) has constructed a passive solar test facility. As a part

of the DoE’s Experimental Systems Research Program, the NBS test facility has been

constructed for the purpose of acquiring and distributing to participating researchers

class A level performance data for different passive systems. These data are ac- quired for use in: detailed building energy analysis and model/algorithm validation}

and performance characterization of passive subsystems.

This handbook provides a complete description of the test building, thermophysical

properties of the building material, location of the sensors installed at the test

facility, and data acquisition system and procedures.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by sc^

colon s, building, data acquisition, location; material; passive; property; sensor; solar;

system test facility; thermophysical; wall section

13. AVAILABILITY

|X I Unlimited

|

| For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

~j Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. X_ Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

88

15. Pr.c<

$11.50