# Final Environmental Assessment Photovoltaic Energy System at Lihue Airport Lihue, Island of Kauai, Hawaii TMK (4)3-5-001: Por. 008

JUNE 2008

Prepared for: State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Airports Division 400 Rodgers Boulevard, 7 th 

## Floor Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96819-1880

Prepared by: 

# M&E Pacific, Inc.

Davies Pacific Center, 841 Bishop Street Suite 1900, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96813PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE i June 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 PROJECT SUMMARY ...............................................................................1 SECTION 2 CONSULTATION LIST...............................................................................3 2.1 FEDERAL ........................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1 AGENCY LIST ............................................................................................. 3 2.1.2 CONTACT INFORMATION AND SUMMARY .............................................. 3 2.2 STATE OF HAWAII ......................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 AGENCY LIST ............................................................................................. 3 2.2.2 CONTACT INFORMATION AND SUMMARY .............................................. 3 2.3 COUNTY OF KAUAI ....................................................................................... 5 2.3.1 AGENCY LIST ............................................................................................. 5 2.3.2 CONTACT INFORMATION AND SUMMARY .............................................. 5 SECTION 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .........................................................................7 3.1 PROJECT NEED AND OBJECTIVE ............................................................... 7 3.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................... 7 Figure 3-1: Project Vicinity Map ...................................................................................8 Figure 3-2: Parking Shade Structure Schematic.........................................................9 Figure 3-3: TMK Map ...................................................................................................10 3.3 PROJECT COST ........................................................................................... 11 3.4 PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...................................... 11 3.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ................................................................... 11 3.5.1 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE ..................................................................... 11 3.5.2 INSTALLATION OF PV PANELS AT ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS ......... 11 Figure 3-4: Project Alternative Locations..................................................................12 SECTION 4 DESCRIPTION OF ACTION’S TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................13 4.1 TECHNICAL .................................................................................................. 13 4.2 ECONOMIC ................................................................................................... 13 4.3 SOCIAL ......................................................................................................... 13 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ........................................................................................ 13 SECTION 5 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, ANTICIPATED EFFECTS, AND PROPOSED MITIGATIVE MEASURES........................................................................15 5.1 PHYSICAL .................................................................................................... 15 5.1.1 LOCATION ................................................................................................ 15 5.1.2 CLIMATE ................................................................................................... 15 5.1.3 AIR QUALITY ............................................................................................ 15 5.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY .............................................................. 16 5.1.5 SOILS ........................................................................................................ 16 5.1.6 NATURAL HAZARDS ............................................................................... 19 5.1.7 FLORA AND FAUNA ................................................................................ 19 5.1.8 VISUAL ...................................................................................................... 21 5.2 SOCIAL ......................................................................................................... 21 5.2.1 Archaeological/Historical Resources and Native Culture ..................... 21 5.2.2 Cultural Impact Assessment ................................................................... 21 5.2.3 PUBLIC SERVICES/INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................. 22 5.2.4 NOISE ....................................................................................................... 23 5.2.5 TRAFFIC ................................................................................................... 23 5.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ...................................................................................... 24 5.3.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ........................................................ 24 5.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE .................................................................... 24 5.4 LAND USES AND OWNERSHIP ................................................................... 24 5.4.1 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS ..................................................................... 24PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE ii June 2008 5.4.2 HAWAII STATE PLAN .............................................................................. 25 5.4.3 STATE LAND USE LAW ........................................................................... 29 5.4.4 COUNTY OF KAUAI .................................................................................. 29 5.4.5 PROPERTY OWNERSHIP ........................................................................ 29 SECTION 6 DETERMINATION WITH SUPPORTING FINDINGS AND REASONS.....30 SECTION 7 PERMITS AND APPROVALS REQUIRED ..............................................34 SECTION 8 REFERENCES.........................................................................................37

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Project Vicinity Map....................................................................................... 8 Figure 3-2: Parking Shade Structure Schematic.............................................................. 9 Figure 3-3: TMK Map .................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3-4: Project Alternative Locations....................................................................... 12 Figure 5-1: Soils Map .................................................................................................... 18 Figure 5-2: FIRM........................................................................................................... 20 Figure 5-3: State Land Use Map.................................................................................... 26 Figure 5-4: County General Plan................................................................................... 27 Figure 5-5: County of Kauai Zoning............................................................................... 28

LIST OF APPENDICIES Appendix A: Pre-Assessment Correspondence and Comments Received Appendix B: Record of Flora and Faunal Consultation Appendix C: Site Photos Appendix D: Draft EA correspondence and comments receivedPHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 1 June 2008 SECTION 1 PROJECT SUMMARY Project Name: Photovoltaic Energy System at Lihue Airport
Accepting/Proposing State of Hawaii Agency: Department of Transportation Airports Division 400 Rodgers Boulevard, 7 th Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96819-1880 Contact: Ms. Valerie Sasuga Phone: (808) 838-8600 Fax: (808) 838-8734
Consultant Agent: M&E Pacific, Inc. Davies Pacific Center 841 Bishop Street, Suite 1900 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Contact: Mr. Martin Nakasone, Project Manager Phone: (808) 521-3051 Fax: (808) 524-0246
Location: Lihue Airport Public Parking Lot Lihue, Island of Kauai, Hawaii TMK Designation: 4 th Tax Division 3-5-001: Por. 008 Property Owner: State of Hawaii
State Land Use Classification: Urban County Zoning: General Industrial / Special Treatment District – Public Facilities County Plan: Transportation (Public Facility – Airport) Proposed Action: This project proposes to install a roof-like structure over the north-east half of the existing public parking lot at Lihue Airport for the installation of a photovoltaic (PV) system that will be used to power the Lihue airport. The proposed structure will be covered across the entire surface area with PV solar panels.
Determination: Anticipated Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI)PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

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M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 3 June 2008 SECTION 2 CONSULTATION LIST
2.1 FEDERAL 2.1.1 AGENCY LIST U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 2.1.2 CONTACT INFORMATION AND SUMMARY U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Contact: Mr. Patrick Leonard, Field Supervisor

300 Ala Moana Boulevard, #3-122 Address: Honolulu, HI 96850 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

. Summary: Response not received by the 15-day deadline.
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Contact: Mr. Ron Simpson, Manager

Honolulu Airports District Office P.O. Box 50244 Address:

Honolulu, HI 96850-0001 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

.

Response not received by the 15-day deadline.
2.2 STATE OF HAWAII 2.2.1 AGENCY LIST Department of Health (DOH), Environmental Planning Office Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), Honolulu & Kauai Offices Hawaii Natural Heritage Program 2.2.2 CONTACT INFORMATION AND SUMMARY Department of Health (DOH), Environmental Planning Office Contact: Mr. Calvin Sunada, Manager

919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 312 Address: Honolulu, HI 96814 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

. 4/10/2008 DOH letter response received. Summary: Clean Water Branch (CWB): Meet and maintain water quality State regulations.

Obtain applicable National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits as required.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 4 June 2008 Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) Contact: Ms. Nancy Mcmahon, Archeology Branch Chief

Kakuhihewa Building, Room 555 601 Kamokila Boulevard Address:
Kapolei, HI 96707 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

. 3/21/2008 SHPD letter response received.

Department of Transportation (DOT) Contact: Mr. Brennon Morioka, Interim Director

869 Punchbowl Street Address: Honolulu, HI 96813-5097 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

. 3/20/2008 State DOT letter response received.
Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) – Honolulu Office Contact: Mr. Clyde Namuo, Administrator

Office of Hawaiian Affairs 711 Kapiolani Boulevard, Suite 500 Address:

Honolulu, HI 96813 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

. 3/20/2008 State OHA letter response received.

Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) – Kauai Office Contact: Ms. Kanani Kagawa, Manager

3100 Kuhio Highway, Suite C4 Address: Lihue, HI 96766 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

.

Response not received by the 15-day deadline.
Hawaii Natural Heritage Program Contact: Mr. Roy Kam, Database Manager

3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall #406 Address: Honolulu, HI 96822 3/18/2008 Consultation Request sent via email, refer to Appendix A

. 3/18/2008 Response received via email. Refer to Appendix B for response. Summary: No rare species or flora and fauna have been recorded in the project area. However,

there are rare waterbirds that have been observed at a nearby reservoir.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 5 June 2008 2.3 COUNTY OF KAUAI 2.3.1 AGENCY LIST Department of Public Works Planning Department 2.3.2 CONTACT INFORMATION AND SUMMARY
Department of Public Works Contact: Donald Fujimoto, County Engineer

4444 Rice Street, Suite 275 Address: Lihue, HI 96766 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

. Summary: Response not received by the 15-day deadline.

Planning Department Contact: Ian Costa, Director

4444 Rice Street, Suite 473 Address: Lihue, HI 96766 3/4/2008 Consultation Request Letter sent, refer to Appendix A

. 3/12/2008 DPW letter response received. Recommend to solicit comments from planning

department.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

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M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 7 June 2008 SECTION 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 PROJECT NEED AND OBJECTIVE With the rising costs and resource depletion of oil, along with growing concern over global warming, the State of Hawaii is striving to utilize natural energy that is environmentally as well as economically beneficial. The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Airports Division, hereinafter referred to as DOTA, has a contract with a private investor to enter into a Power Purchase Agreement with the DOTA, in an effort to lead the State toward a more environmentally friendly, sustainable energy producing future. The contract proposes the installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems at airport facilities throughout the State. This Environmental Assessment addresses the installation of PV units at the Lihue Airport on the Island of Kauai. A location map of the project area is shown in Figure 3-1

. This Environmental Assessment (EA) discusses possible environmental impacts the proposed project may have to the existing site and mitigative strategies at the project location. The information discussed in this document is based upon the findings presented in previous studies and reports of Lihue Airport, including the approved Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) originally prepared for the proposed improvements of the airport (2007) and the approved Final EA prepared for the improvement of the existing heliport as discussed in the following sections. The finding reported in the Final EIS and Final EA will be referenced for their research in the following sections of this as this specific project site is covered in both environmental documents. See Figure 3-1 , Location Map for project site location.
3.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The contract from DOTA will include the design and installation of a photovoltaic (PV) system at the north-east half of the existing Lihue Airport paved, uncovered parking area. The PV system is comprised mainly of PV panels, which are solar panels that absorb the sun’s rays and converts it to usable energy. PV panels are typically installed on structure rooftops to maximize their exposure to the sun. Therefore, a parking shade is proposed to cover the north-east half of the existing parking lot and to house the PV panels. The panels will cover the entire surface area of the proposed parking shade. A Schematic of the parking shade structure is presented in Figure 3-2. A location map of the parking lot within the airport is presented in Figure 3-3.

### VICINITY MAP N



### LOCATION MAP - LIHUE AIRPORT PARKING LOT Project Area

Figure - 3-1 Lihue Airport EA Location & Vicinity Map TMK: (4) 3-5-001:008

June 2008 

### Final EA for the Photovoltaic Energy System at Lihue Airport Ahukini ReservoirFinal EA for the PhotovoltaicEnergy System at Lihue AirportFigure - 3-2Lihue Airport EAParking Shade Structure SchematicTMK: (4) 3-5-001:008June 2008PARKING SHADE STRUCTURE SCHEMATICPHOTOVOLTAIC PANELSSUPPORT POSTSPARKING LINESFinal EA for the PhotovoltaicEnergy System at Lihue AirportFigure - 3-3Lihue Airport EATMK MAPTMK: (4) 3-5-001:008June 2008TMK MAP - LIHUE AIRPORT PARKING LOTPROJECT AREARUNWAYTERMINALEXISTINGPARKINGEX LOOP ROADPHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 11 June 2008 3.3 PROJECT COST The entire PV Energy System project for Lihue Airport will be wholly funded by the vendor. The State will purchase the electricity from the vendor. 3.4 PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT This EA results from the use of State lands and funds, and the possible impacts of removing the existing landscaped trees within the proposed parking shade’s footprint area to house the PV system installation. In accordance with Chapter 343 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes and the Department of Health’s Hawaii Administrative Rules Title 11-200, an Environmental Assessment (EA) is required to provide a written evaluation of environmental, technical, social, and economic aspects of the proposed photovoltaic system installation at Lihue Airport. The EA identifies potential project impacts and their significance, and develops strategies to mitigate those impacts. The EA then compares all aspects and impacts against 13 significance criteria listed in §11-200-12 to provide a determination as to whether an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is required. The EA process includes periods of public review, in which the affected community may voice their comments and concerns to the proposed work. If the EA establishes that the proposed activity will not affect the surrounding environment to a significant degree, the agency will issue a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). Should the analysis indicate that a significant impact will be experienced due to the proposed activity, the agency must then prepare an EIS, which is a more detailed evaluation of the proposed action and alternatives.
3.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 3.5.1 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE The “No Action” alternative entails the option to continue to rely on the existing airport power sources without the installation of the proposed PV system at the north-east half of the existing parking lot. Therefore, this alternative would not require further costs for planning, design, and construction by the State. However, continued reliance on the traditional energy sources will have great effect on the environment as well as funds in the future; as discussed in Section 3.1: Project Need and Objective.
3.5.2 INSTALLATION OF PV PANELS AT ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS The preferred location of the project is on an installed parking shade over the public parking area (Location #2 as shown on Figure 3-4 ). A layout of the alternative locations is presented in Figure 3-4Final EA for the PhotovoltaicEnergy System at Lihue AirportFigure - 3-4Lihue Airport EAAlternative Locations MapTMK: (4) 3-5-001:008June 2008ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS MAPPHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 13 June 2008 SECTION 4 DESCRIPTION OF ACTION’S TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

4.1 TECHNICAL The proposed parking shade area will be installed over the north-east half of the existing airport parking lot. It will measure approximately 600 feet in length by 210 feet in width, covering a surface area of about 126,000 square feet (2.9 acres). The height of the structure will be a minimum height of nine (9) feet, to allow movement and parking of standard passenger vehicles and SUVs. The proposed structure will be supported by a reinforced concrete foundation, which will be engineered to eliminate the need for external support cables. Therefore, excavation at the project site will be limited to planned locations for foundation analysis and internal support cable layouts. The parking shade structure’s support foundation is not anticipated to reduce the current amount of parking stalls within the parking lot. The parking shade shall provide protection from the sun and the rain and will be designed to channel storm water runoff to the existing State drainage system. 4.2 ECONOMIC This project is entirely funded by the vendor; the State of Hawaii will purchase the electricity from the vendor. This project is not anticipated to cause an increase in taxes to the general public. The capital costs for materials and installation of the shade structure as well as the proposed PV system is planned to be balanced out over the long term life of the system. Installation and use of the proposed PV system will result in an overall substantial amount of savings when compared to the anticipated increases in the annual costs for the Airport’s current source of power. 4.3 SOCIAL In addition to the natural energy usage and cost savings anticipated with the installation of the proposed project, the shade structure will provide an additional benefit to the airport parking lot users providing cover from the sun and rain. Hawaii has often been upheld, by visitors and residents alike, as the ideal image of natural beauty and clean living. The desire and action of the State of Hawaii to pursue the alternative use of renewable and sustainable natural energy to power their facilities and reduce their reliance on non-renewable resources will bring the State closer to a future of sustainable living. This will enhance the State’s commitment to protect and improve the environmental quality of Hawaii for all to enjoy.
4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL Construction of the proposed PV system and parking shade is not anticipated to adversely affect the overall environmental quality of the area. Potential impacts to the environmental integrity of the project site, and the surrounding areas will be sufficiently mitigated through appropriate design methods, and drainage features, the use of site-PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 14 June 2008 specific Best Management Practices (BMPs), the use of proper erosion control methods, and environmentally-conscious construction methods. Short-term construction related impacts are expected from this project. These impacts and the recommended approaches to mitigate their effects are discussed in the following sections of this EA. The type and manufacturer of the PV system to be installed will be determined during the design phase. For discussion purposes, it has been noted that Sunpower Corporation, one of the leading manufacturers of PV modules and systems, estimates that one acre of a PV array will prevent 145 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year from entering the atmosphere. In contrast, the equivalent acreage of trees to remove said tonnage of CO2 is approximately 1,245 acres. While this figure may vary based on module type and power rating, this relationship demonstrates that the positive proposed impact of the proposed PV system installation will compensate the loss of the existing landscape trees. The probable numbers of trees removed due to the installation of PV units at the Lihue Airport parking area is 60 trees. This amount of trees would absorb up to 0.15 tons of CO2 per year (information based on 2.5 kg/year from carbon-info.org). The proposed 2.9 acres of PV units at Lihue Airport will remove up to 340 tons of CO2 per year by replacing a carbon fuel based energy source.

As previously discussed, the installation of the proposed project is anticipated to improve the overall environmental quality of the area in the long term perspective, by reducing the State’s reliance on non-sustainable forms of energy through the utilization of natural energy resources.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 15 June 2008 SECTION 5 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT, ANTICIPATED EFFECTS, AND PROPOSED MITIGATIVE MEASURES
5 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 5.1 PHYSICAL 5.1.1 LOCATION The Lihue Airport (LIH) parking lot is located near the southeast coast of the Island of Kauai. The Airport parking lot is identified as the State of Hawaii Third (4 th ) Tax Division, Tax Map Key (TMK) 3-5-001: Portion (Por.) 008. A project location map is provided as Figure 3-1

. The existing site (parking lot) is already completely developed with paved asphalt for traffic and parking for automobiles. The only landscaping features on the existing site are trees which within the parking shade’s footprint area will be removed from the site for the parking shade installation. See photograph #1 of the existing site provided in Appendix C . Other than the landscaped trees, the site is completely paved.
5.1.2 CLIMATE Description: According to the Western Regional Climate Center, the average temperature at the Lihue Airport is 75.5 q F with average minimum and maximum monthly temperatures ranging from 69.8 q F and 81.1 q F, respectively. The annual rainfall averages approximately 41.57 inches. The annual average of wind speed is 13.1 miles per hour (MPH), coming from an average direction of east-northeast (ENE). The solar radiation monthly average is 1 kWh/m 2 /day. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: No short-term or long-term adverse impacts to the climate are anticipated in the project area. Therefore, no mitigative measures are required.

5.1.3 AIR QUALITY The air quality at LIH is generally clean. The potential pollution sources are the general vehicle traffic emissions and the aircraft emissions. Since the traffic of vehicles and aircraft is fairly low, there are currently no significant affects on the air quality at LIH. The State Department of Health, Clean Air Branch maintains an air quality monitoring station at the Lihue District Health Office located on Umi Street, approximately one mile west of LIH. Established in November 1972, the monitoring station site is located in a primarily commercial and residential area with nearby agricultural areas. Measurements for suspended particulates have been made at the Lihue monitoring station. In 2002, measurements of particulate matter (PM-10) ranged between 7μg/m 3 and 27 μg/m 3 , for an average of 14 μg/m 3 . This is significantly lower than the Hawaii State Standard and Federal Primary and Secondary Standards with are set at 50 μg/m 3 (annual).PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 16 June 2008 Impacts and Mitigative Measures: During construction, the ambient air quality may decrease from dust and construction emissions. However, the impacts due to construction activities are temporary, and are considered to be insignificant due to the fact that the construction period with its potential emissions appear negligible to the overall air quality in the vicinity of LIH. Appropriate Best Management Practices (BMPs) will be employed during construction to minimize pollution due to construction activities.
5.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY Description: Lihue Airport is located on the Koloa Volcanic Series, which includes lava flows of nepheline basalt, metlilite-nepheline basalt, olivine basalt, picrite-basalt, and basanite. It is located on a plateau between the Hanamaulu and Huleia Streams and is characterized by uniform soils on slopes of less than 8 percent. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: Construction during this project will be limited to confined areas of infrastructure excavation. No site grading will be done as part of this project. Therefore, the proposed project is not anticipated to alter the existing topography in the vicinity and surrounding areas. No mitigative measures are required. 5.1.5 SOILS Description: According to the Soil Survey of the Islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai, State of Hawaii, the soils in the project area are classified to the Lihue Series, consisting of the following: Lihue Silty Clay (LhB)

– In a representative profile, this soil sub series consists of a strongly acidic dusky-red and dark reddish-brown compact silty clay. The subsoil is more than 48 inches thick and is slightly acid to neutral, with a slope range of 0 to 8%. The substratum is soft, weathered rock. Permeability is moderately rapid, runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is slight. Lihue Gravelly Silty Clay (LIB) – This soil is found on slopes of 0 to 8% and is similar to the LhB sub series except that it contains ironstone-gibbsite pebbles.
Refer to Figure 5-1

. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: No short-term or long-term adverse impacts to the soils are anticipated in the project vicinity. Therefore, no mitigative measures are required. Excavated soil will be either utilized or disposed of in conformance with current Federal, State, and County regulations. SURFACE WATER RESOURCES Description: The surface water resources on the Island of Kauai generally consist of perennial streams that flow to the ocean. The island’s major streams originate in the uplands and are relatively large and uniform in flow. In the past, stream water was often diverted into ditch and tunnel systems for sugarcane irrigation purposes. Perennial streams located near the LIH include Huleia Stream located approximately one mile south of the Airport, and Hanamaulu Stream located about one-half mile north of the Airport.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 17 June 2008 The Airport is part of a natural drainage area of approximately 2,270 acres with extensive crossings of irrigation systems over the sub-basin boundaries. Natural drainage is from west to east, based on topography, and has been modified by the extensive use of agricultural ditches. The former Lihue Plantation Company, Ltd. constructed several small settling ponds adjacent to the coast to settle out suspended solids before water from the drainage basin, including LIH, is discharged into the ocean. The State of Hawaii, Department of Health Administrative Rules, Chapter 54, Water Quality Standards, designates the coastal waters adjacent to LIH as Class A. The objective of classification Class A is to protect the water quality for recreational purposes and aesthetic enjoyment. Discharges which have not received the best degree of treatment or control, are not allowed in Class A waters, hence the use of the settling ponds constructed by the former Lihue Plantation Company, Ltd. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: The short-term impacts to water quality are related to storm water runoff flowing through the project site during the construction period. Although no impacts to the water quality are anticipated, site preparation shall be conducted in compliance with applicable State and County Best Management Practice (BMP) regulations to minimize runoff into coastal waters. Appropriate and applicable best management practices shall be established and implemented to reduce and control the discharge of runoff from construction area. In compliance with Department of Health (DOH) – Clean Water Branch (CWB) (reference pre-consultation response letter, Appendix A ), all applicable NPDES permits will be obtained for this project.

### SOILS MAP - LIHUE AIRPORT PARKING LOT Figure - 5-1 Lihue Airport EA

SOILS MAP TMK: (4) 3-5-001:008

June 2008 

### Final EA for the Photovoltaic Energy System at Lihue AirportPHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 19 June 2008 5.1.6 NATURAL HAZARDS Natural hazards in Hawaii include floods, hurricanes, volcanoes and earthquakes. Although the Island of Kauai is a volcanic island, the Island has not produced volcanic activity since the end of the Pleistocene period (spanning from 1.8 million to 10,000 years ago). There are presently no active vents or faults within the Lihue Airport area, therefore the risk of volcanic activity is extremely low. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) Panel Nos. 1500020326E (revised September 16, 2005), The Lihue Airport is located in zone “X,” which is outside of the 500-year flood area. FIRM Map is presented as Figure 5-2

. The island of Kauai, as well as the State of Hawaii, has a history of hurricanes that have caused significant damage: Hurricane Dot (1959), Hurricane Iwa (1982), Hurricane Iniki (1992), etc. This is a general concern for the construction of any structure on the Island as well as in the State. Damage to structures due to earthquakes are of similar concern; therefore, the proposed parking shade and PV system shall be designed and constructed according to State and County regulations and accepted local practices. Although DOTA proposes to use the proposed PV system to power all of the airport facilities, the existing connections to the current power source will be retained as an alternative back up for any emergency need for power. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: No impacts on natural hazard conditions or significant increase in exposure to natural hazards will result from the proposed structure and system installation. Therefore no mitigative measures are required.
5.1.7 FLORA AND FAUNA Description: According to the findings of the Final EIS – Lihue Airport Improvements (dated November 23, 2007), there are no known endangered species of flora or fauna at the immediate location of the project site (i.e. within the public paved parking lot). This finding was confirmed by the Hawaii Biodiversity & Mapping Program (HBMP) within the Hawaii Natural Heritage Program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. However, it was noted by the HBMP, that there have been rare Hawaiian waterbirds observed at the nearby Ahukini Reservoir. The Hawaiian Duck, Hawaiian Gallinule, Hawaiian Stilt, and Hawaiian Coot (all Federally Listed as Endangered) have all been observed at the reservoir, which is located approximately 0.6 miles to the west of the project site. A map with the location of the reservoir in reference to the project site is in Figure 3-1

. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: Since the site is already fully developed and very little physical disturbance is anticipated, and also considering the distance of the reservoir relative to the project site, construction and operational activities at the project site will not impact the rare water birds observed at the reservoir.Final EA for the PhotovoltaicEnergy System at Lihue AirportFigure - 5-2Lihue Airport EAFIRMTMK: (4) 3-5-001:008June 2008FIRM - LIHUE AIRPORT PARKING LOTProject AreaPHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 21 June 2008 5.1.8 VISUAL Description: The Kauai Lagoons Resort is located directly south of the Airport between Runways 3-21 and 17-35. The area was classified in the 1976 Lihue Development Plan as a “visual district”, and Ahukini Road is listed as a “major path”, a “circulation corridor” which provides both physical and visual access throughout the immediate community and to several or more districts.” The proposed project will require the removal of the existing light poles and trees within the parking lot (see Photo 1, Appendix C ). This will impact the existing lighting at night as well as the greenery landscape. Only light poles and trees within the proposed structure’s footprint will be removed. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: The proposed structure installation shall not significantly impact the visual quality of the area. There may be visual impact from the air, but is considered to be minor. The proposed parking shade will compensate for the removal of the existing light poles by providing sufficient lighting to provide safety and security during evening and night hours. The removal of the existing landscape trees will impact the visual greenery landscape of the project area, however this is considered a minor impact in comparison to the overall environmental benefit of this project. 5.2 SOCIAL 5.2.1 Archaeological/Historical Resources and Native Culture Description: An archaeological inventory survey investigation and accompanying report was prepared as a part of the Final EIS – Lihue Airport Improvements (November 23, 2007) to discern the potential effect to cultural resources in the areas of proposed airport improvements. In the Final EIS, areas two (2) and three (3) share the same vicinity as this project (LIH public parking lot). The archeology survey took an inventory of archeological sites around the vicinity of the entire airport; for areas two (2) and three (3) of the Final EIS, there were no findings. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: The State Historic Preservation Department (SHPD) concurred with the findings of the archaeological inventory survey in the 2007 Final EIS and agreed no further archaeological work is needed. However, in the unlikely event that previously unidentified cultural resources are encountered by project construction, the project proponents should immediately stop work in the vicinity and contact the SHPD Kauai Office. 5.2.2 Cultural Impact Assessment Description: As a part of the Final EIS (November 23, 2007), a Cultural Impact Assessment (CIA) was undertaken to gather information about traditional cultural practices, ethnic cultural practices, and pre-historic and historic cultural remains that could possibly be affected with the proposed airport improvements.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 22 June 2008 This CIA from the Final EIS (November 23, 2007) identified several heiau around the vicinity of LIH but outside of the property area. Only the Ninini heiau (remnant) is located within the LIH property, but is outside of the proposed project area limits. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: As the CIA from the Final EIS (November 23, 2007) found no cultural impacts where the proposed project area is located, it is determined that this proposed project will not impact any cultural site. No mitigative measures are required. 5.2.3 PUBLIC SERVICES/INFRASTRUCTURE Description: Drainage: The existing drainage system in the vicinity of the project location (LIH public parking lot) collects storm runoff into a network of reinforced concrete pipe culverts that drains to the east of the project site, and eventually discharges into the ocean.
Electrical Demand: Currently, Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) is the only public utility providing electrical power on Kauai. KIUC’s available generation capacity is approximately 122 megawatts, including 96 megawatts from its Port Allen Generating Plant. Power is transmitted to the Airport from a 12 Kilovolt (KV) overhead transmission line that runs parallel to Ahukini Road. Emergency power at the Lihue Airport is provided by a 50 KV generator housed in a transformer building located in the parking lot of the former terminal. The electrical power transmitted to the 12KV overhead line isdistributed to the terminal and parking area through four 5-inch underground concreteencased duct lines. A system of 1-, 2-, and 3-inch direct underground conduits distribute power among the terminal buildings, aircraft waste facility, pump station, and parking lot. Sewer: The proposed project area (LIH parking lot) does not have any existing restrooms. The closest sewer facility is in the Terminal building adjacent to the parking lot, and not within the project area.
Water: There are no potable drinking water facilities on the project area. Telephone: There are no existing telephone lines within the project area. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: Drainage: The proposed parking shade structure will not significantly impact the storm runoff drainage at the LIH public parking lot location. The parking shade will be designed to conveniently discharge storm runoff from the structure’s roof to the existing drainage system without any negative drainage impacts to the site after development. Best Management Practices (BMPs) will be utilized during construction to protect inlets from discharge of debris or construction materials. As the existing site is completely paved, there will be only a very slight increase in storm runoff, if at all, and it is not anticipated to impact the existing drainage system’s flow or capacity. The overall existing drainage pattern will be maintained with the installation of the proposed project.
Electrical Demand: The proposed PV system, assuming maximum sun exposure, will produce enough power to supply the airport during the day. At night, as well as during non-sunny periods and emergencies, LIH will pull power from Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC). The existing light poles within the proposed structure’s footprint will be removed for the parking shade. This as well as the trees within the footprint will be removed. However,PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 23 June 2008 to compensate for the removal of lighting, the project is proposed to replace and provide lighting for security and safety purposes within the lot. Sewer: Since there are no existing facilities within the project area, the proposed project is not expected to impact this utility.
Water: Since there are no existing facilities within the project area, the proposed project is not expected to impact this utility. Telephone: Since there are no existing facilities within the project area, the proposed project is not expected to impact this utility.

5.2.4 NOISE Description: The State DOTA has completed a Noise Compatibility Program in compliance with the guidelines contained in Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 150 Noise Compatibility Planning Program for airports. The Noise Compatibility Program implements portions of the Aviation Safety and Noise Abatement Act of 1979. More specifically, it establishes a single system for measuring airport noise, a standardized procedure for determining the exposure of individuals to noise, and a formal airport noise compatibility planning process. During construction, noise levels may slightly increase from the operation of heavy construction equipment. These will be short-term and minor, and will be on the same level as the ambient noise from typical airport activities. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: Noise generated by construction activities will comply with noise provisions established by the State Department of Health and no further measures are required to mitigate short-term impacts. Construction activities are short-term and localized in nature, therefore no long-term or cumulative impacts are anticipated due to the proposed project, and no other mitigative measures are required. The noise generated by the use of the proposed facilities is anticipated to be on the same level as the existing ambient noise and will not create a negative impact to the surrounding environment. No mitigative measures are necessary. 5.2.5 TRAFFIC Description: The current vehicular access to LIH is through Ahukini Road from Kapule Highway and via Kuhio Highway toward Kuhio Highway. These access points are situated to alleviate heavy traffic conditions at the intersections of Kuhio Highway and Ahukini Road, and Kuhio Highway and Rice Street in Lihue. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: During the duration of the project, construction may temporarily affect traffic with construction vehicles and the addition of workers commuting to the construction site. If necessary, the movement of construction vehicles may be timed to avoid peak traffic periods. The public parking area will be affected during the time of construction as thePHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 24 June 2008 construction activities will occur on or adjacent to the existing parking lot. A temporary designated parking area may be provided, and the installation of the parking shade may be done in phases so as not to close off the entire parking lot area. 5.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC
5.3.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Description: The resident population of Kauai has increased steadily for over two decades. Between 1990 and 2000, the resident population of the county of Kauai increased from 51,177 to 58,463, a 14.2% increase. In comparison, the resident population for the State as a whole had a 9.3% increase. Following Hurricane Iniki in 1992, the population growth of the County of Kauai slowed to an annual average of 1.0% between 1991 and 1997, which was still higher than the State-wide average annual resident population growth rate of 0.8% during the same period. The project site is located within the Lihue Census Designated Place in Census Tract (CT) 405, which was reported to have a population of 5,162. Of the total population of CT 405, 48% are of Asian ethnicity, 23% are of White, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander comprise 6%. The median age is 44.7 years with 15% of the population falling between the ages of 10 and 49 years. Of the 2,008 households within the CT, family households comprise 63.7%. The average household size is 2.51 people, and the average population per family is 3.14. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: The socio-economic environment, for all classes, is not expected to be adversely affected by the PV system installation project. 5.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Description: No federal funding will be utilized for this project, therefore formal compliance with Executive Order (EO) 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority and Low-Income Populations is not required. However, this project complies with the intent of the EO which requires federal agencies to take appropriate steps to identify and avoid disproportionately high and adverse effects of federal projects on the health and welfare of minority and low-income populations. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: No negative impacts, long-term or cumulative, are anticipated. No persons will be displaced or adversely affected as a result of this project. Therefore, no mitigation measures are required. 5.4 LAND USES AND OWNERSHIP 5.4.1 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS The land use designations for TMK: (4) 3-5-001: Por. 008 are as follows: State Land Use – Urban Kauai County General Plan – Transportation (Public Facility – Airport) Kauai County Zoning – Industrial (General) / Special Treatment District – Public Facilities (IG/ST-P) These designations are shown on Figures 6-1 , 6-2 , and 6-4 , respectively in the 2007 Final EIS.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 25 June 2008 See Figures 5-3 , 5-4 , and 5-5 , respectively. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: The improvements proposed under this project are consistent with the intended land uses under the State Land Use “Urban” designation, the Kauai County General Plan “Transportation” designation, and County Zoning “IG/ST-P” designation. These designations are further discussed in the following section of this EA. 5.4.2 HAWAII STATE PLAN Description: Chapter 226 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes provides for long-range planning for the State of Hawaii. The portions of the Hawaii State Plan which apply to the proposed Lihue Airport PV system installment project are as follows: §226-6 Objectives and policies for the economy – in general. (b)(6): “Strive to achieve a level of construction activity responsive to, and consistent with, state growth objectives. The airport improvements will provide short-term economic benefits from construction employment and will help to ensure long-term employment at the airport and, by extension, for the island as a whole. §226-18 Objectives and policies for facility systems – energy. (c)(4): “ Promote all cost-effective conservation of power and fuel supplies through measures including: (C) Adoption of energy-efficient practices and technologies. This project will focus precisely on energy-efficient practices. The design of the PV system will be engineered to maximize the absorption of the sun’s energy to generate enough electricity to power the entire Lihue Airport.

### STATE LAND USE MAP Figure - 5-3 Lihue Airport EA STATE LAND USE MAP TMK: (4) 3-5-001:008

June 2008 

### Final EA for the Photovoltaic Energy System at Lihue Airport Project Area Lihue Airport Vicinity

### KAUAI GENERAL PLAN Figure - 5-4 Lihue Airport EA KAUAI GENERAL PLAN TMK: (4) 3-5-001:008

June 2008 

### Final EA for the Photovoltaic Energy System at Lihue Airport Project Area

Lihue Airport Vicinity

### COUNTY ZONING Figure - 5-5 Lihue Airport EA COUNTY ZONING MAP TMK: (4) 3-5-001:008

June 2008 

### Final EA for the Photovoltaic Energy System at Lihue Airport Project Area

Lihue Airport VicinityPHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 29 June 2008 5.4.3 STATE LAND USE LAW Description: The State Land Use Law, Chapter 205 of the HRS, classifies all State lands in one of four categories: urban, rural, agricultural, and conservational. Permitted uses for each category are defined in the statute. The State assumes sole management responsibility in the conservation district, County governments assume sole responsibility in the urban district, and both share responsibilities in the rural and agricultural districts. The project site located at TMK (4) 3-5-001: Por. 008, is within the Urban District, as classified by the State Land Use map. The Urban portion of the project site is under the jurisdiction of the County of Kauai, and use of this portion is controlled by County Zoning. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: The project is consistent with the goals and objectives of the State Land Use Urban District. 5.4.4 COUNTY OF KAUAI Description: The County of Kauai General Plan (2000) provides guidance for the County in anticipation of increasing development demands and the need for improved resource management. The General Plan has significant bearing on rezoning decisions. The project area General Plan land use designation is “Transportation.” The Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance (CZO) for the County of Kauai (County of Kauai Ordinance 164, as amended) regulates the type, size, siting, and uses of structures within various zoning district classifications. The Lihue Airport is zoned IG/ST-P, as mentioned above in the Land Use section. ( Figure 5-5 ). Impacts and Mitigative Measures: The construction of the proposed project is not anticipated to alter the existing zoning or land use in the area and is compliant with the regulations of its current land use designation and zoning. 5.4.5 PROPERTY OWNERSHIP Description: The project area is owned by the State of Hawaii and designated for use by the DOTA. Impacts and Mitigative Measures: There are no impacts to the property ownership.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 30 June 2008

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M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 31 June 2008 SECTION 6 DETERMINATION WITH SUPPORTING FINDINGS AND REASONS In accordance with Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, this Environmental Assessment characterizes the technical, social and environmental issues related to the Lihue Airport PV system installation project. It identifies potential project impacts to the environment and their significance. It is anticipated that the proposed project will not exert any significant impacts to the environment. Therefore, the State of Hawaii DOTA is issuing a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). This determination of the FONSI is based upon thirteen (13) significance criteria listed in HRS §11-200-12 of the Environmental Impact Statement Rules. The specific criteria used in making this determination are addressed below:
1. Involves an irrevocable commitment to loss or destruction of any natural or cultural resource: Construction of the proposed facilities will not irrevocably commit to loss or destruction of natural or cultural resources. No cultural resources have been identified within the project site. If previously unknown resources are uncovered during the course of construction, the Contractor will stop work immediately and notify the SHPD who will determine the appropriate treatment.
2. Curtails the range of beneficial uses of the environment: The proposed actions will not curtail the range of beneficial uses of the environment. The proposed actions to install the PV system at the Lihue Airport will expand the range of beneficial uses of the environment by utilizing solar energy. 3. Conflicts with the State’s long-term environmental policies or goals and guidelines as expressed in Chapter 344, HRS, and any revisions thereof and amendments thereto, court decisions or executive orders: The proposed project is consistent with the State’s goals and objectives as described in the previous sections of this EA.
4. Substantially affects the economic or social welfare of the community or state: The proposed actions will not substantially affect social welfare of the community in a negative manner. The proposed actions will improve the economic and social welfare of the affected communities by utilizing natural energy to power the airport.
5. Substantially affects public health: The proposed activities will not substantially affect public health in a negative manner. During construction, environmental pollutants will be mitigated to regulated levels by using the appropriate BMPs and construction methods.
6. Involves secondary impacts, such as population changes or effects on public facilities:PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 32 June 2008 The Lihue Airport facilities will not lead to secondary impacts such as population changes or negative effects on public facilities.
7. Involves a substantial degradation of environmental quality: The proposed project will not degrade the environmental quality of the project site. The existing quality of the project site will remain and possibly improve with the installation of the proposed project. The proposed construction will take place within a defined portion of the project site and will not affect the environmental quality of the area.
8. Is individually limited but cumulatively has considerable effect upon the environment or involves a commitment for larger action: Installation of the proposed PV system will not have a negative cumulative effect on the environment. The structure constructed with this project will not require commitment for larger action.
9. Substantially affects a rare, threatened, or endangered species, or its habitat: The proposed project will not substantially affect any rare, threatened, or endangered species or its habitat. The project site is not a known critical or nesting habitat for rare, threatened, or endangered species.
10. Detrimentally affects air or water quality or ambient noise levels: The proposed projects will not substantially degrade environmental quality. Any notable adverse effects on air and water quality and ambient noise levels will be short-term and construction-related only. Appropriate BMPs and construction methods will be used to minimize any impacts to existing air and water quality. Air quality and noise levels will not exceed State DOH standards. This project will not result in long-term adverse effects. Upon completion of construction activities, air and water qualities will revert to prior levels.
11. Affects or is likely to suffer damage by being located in an environmentally sensitive zone such as a flood plain, tsunami zone, beach, erosion-prone area, geologically hazardous land, estuary, fresh water, or coastal waters: The proposed project site is not located in an environmentally sensitive zone that is erosion-prone. This proposed project area is not located in a tsunami zone, beach, geologically hazardous land, estuary, fresh water or coastal water or volcanic hazard zone. The project is located in one of the more seismically active areas in the world, and in an area that may be exposed to hurricanes and strong winds. Although damage may occur to the facilities during occasions of severe hurricanes or earthquakes, no practical mitigative measures are currently available for a project of this nature. The proposed project will comply with the current regulatory design standards.
12. Substantially affects scenic vistas and view planes identified in county or state plans or studies:PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 33 June 2008 The aesthetics of the site itself will be slightly altered, although will not affect any scenic vistas.
13. Requires substantial energy consumption: The Lihue Airport facilities will not require substantial energy consumption.Rather, this project will reduce the existing Lihue Airport consumption of nonrenewable electricity resources by generating its own power from abundant renewable energy resources.PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 34 June 2008

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M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 35 June 2008 SECTION 7 PERMITS AND APPROVALS REQUIRED STATE Department of Health NPDES Permit (NOI-C, Other NOIs as required) COUNTY OF KAUAI Building Permit Planning Department Plan ApprovalPHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM AT LIHUE AIRPORT STATE OF HAWAII, DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - AIRPORTS FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 36 June 2008

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M & E PACIFIC, INC. PAGE 37 June 2008 SECTION 8 REFERENCES County of Kauai. Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance, 1987. County of Kauai. Kauai County General Plan, November 2000. County of Kauai. Lihue Development Plan, 1976. Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Inc. Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Proposed Lihue Airport Improvements, Hanamaulu and Kalapaki Ahupuaa, Lihue District (Puna Moku), Island of Kauai. Prepared for Wilson Okamoto Corporation. September 2006. KFC Airport, Inc. Final Environmental Assessment for Lihue Airport Heliport Improvements. Prepared for the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Airports Division. October 2002. Wilson Okamoto Corporation. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Lihue Airport Improvements. Prepared for the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Airports Division. November 2007. State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Clean Air Branch. 2002 Annual Summary Hawaii Air Quality Data. 2003. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of Islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai, State of Hawaii. August 1972.APPENDIX A

PRE-ASSESSMENT CORRESPONDENCE AND COMMENTS RECEIVED

x Pre-Assessment Request Letters

x Pre-Assessment Comments Received

x Annotated Responses to Comments ReceivedPRE-ASSESSMENT REQUEST LETTERS

Federal Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Honolulu Airports District U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) Department of Health (DOH), Environmental Planning County of Hawaii Department of Public Works Department of PlanningPROJECT DESCRIPTION

The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Airports Division, hereinafter referred to as DOTA will be initiating a request for proposal (RFP) for a private investor to enter into a Power Purchase Agreement with the DOTA, heading toward a more environmentally friendly energy producing future. The RFP will include the installation of photovoltaic units (PV), solar panels that absorb and convert the sun’s rays into energy. These PV units are planned to be constructed on the roofs of a structure built over the existing public parking area. The proposed area for construction is shown on Figures 1 and 2 attached. The current condition of the parking lot has no vertical constraints (no cover) and is fenced around the perimeter of the lot by a chain link fence. See picture below. Sincethere is currently no roof over the parking lot, the State is planning on installing a rooflike structure that shall provide cover throughout the entire lot, while maintaining every existing stall. See attached figure No. 4, “Typical Parking Lot PV Shade.” The panels will cover the entire surface area of the roof-like structure for maximum energy absorbance for this location. This Environmental Assessment (EA) will provide documentation on any potential impacts that the construction of the PV units and parking cover structure may have on the existing environment. As this area is presently development and paved over, and the existing use of the area will not change, we anticipate minimal, if any, impacts that this project may have on its surrounding environment.

Photo – 1: LIH parking lot facing North from outside of the perimeter.PRE-ASSESSMENT COMMENTS RECEIVEDANNOTATED RESPONSES TO COMMENTS RECEIVEDContact:

Address:

Phone: No. Clean Water Branch (CWB) Comments Response 1. Storm water associated with construction activities, including clearing, grading, and excavation, that result in the disturbance of equal to or greater than one (1) acre of total land area. The total land area includes a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules under a larger common plan of development or sale. A National Pollutant Discharge elimination System (NPDES) permit is required before the start of the construction activities. Noted. All applicable construction and water quality permits will be applied for and obtained for this project. 

### STATE OF HAWAII
Department of Health

Mr. Kelvin H. Sunada, Manager - Environmental Planning Office 919 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 312 Honolulu, HI 96814 (808) 586-4337APPENDIX B

RECORD OF FLORA AND FAUNAL CONSULTATION

### Pang, Brannon

From: Roy Kam [rkam@hawaii.edu] Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2008 10:16 AM To: Pang, Brannon Subject: RE: Lihue Airport PV system installation - Request for Review 

### Page 1 of 2

4/9/2008 Brannon, Attached is a jpeg map with the information you requested for the Lihue Airport Parking Lot site. No rare species have been recorded within your project site. But you should note that rare Hawaiian waterbirds have been observed at the Ahukini Reservoir. The reservoir is in the vicinity of your site. The Hawaiian Duck, Hawaiian Gallinule, Hawaiian Stilt, and Hawaiian Coot (all Federally Listed as Endangered) have been observed at the reservoir. The last observations we have are from the 1980's, but most likely they are still there. It's probably no one has surveyed the area recently. I hope this data proves useful for your project. Roy Kam Database Manager Hawaii Biodiversity & Mapping Program (Hawaii Natural Heritage Program) University of Hawaii at Manoa Ph: 808-956-8094 Fax: 808-956-8493 Mailing Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa Center for Conservation Research and Training 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall #406 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Office Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa Biomedical and Sciences Building 1960 East West Road, Court B Room 203 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

From: Pang, Brannon [mailto:Brannon.Pang@m-e.aecom.com] Sent: Monday, March 17, 2008 11:56 AM To: rkam@hawaii.edu Subject: Lihue Airport PV system installation - Request for Review
Dear Mr. Kam, I was referred to you within our office for seeking consultation on any flora/fauna species that might be endangered at specific location throughout the State of Hawaii. The State of Hawaii Department of Department of Transportation, Airports Division is proposing to install a parking shade to house solar panels over the existing public parking lot at Lihue Airport on the Island of Kauai. M&E Pacific has been contracted to write up the Environmental Assessment for this project.There has recently been an EIS done in the same vicinity that includes the same location of the public parking

area at the Lihue Airport “Final Environmental Impact Statement for Lihue Airport Improvements, November 2007.” This EIS also referenced a Botanical Survey Report by Botanical consultants, and a Fuanal Survey Report by Rana Productions, Ltd, in which they found no endangered species in flora/fauna. We are seeking your consultation and confirmation on this project to identify any threatened or endangered species within or in the vicinity of the project site. The affected area is located at TMK (4)3-5-001: Por. 008. A general location map, schematic of parking shade as well as project description are attached for your review. We would like to request a listing of those endangered or threatened species that may be impacted by this project. If there are any questions, please contact me at (808) 521-3051, fax (808) 524-0246 or e-mail. 

### Thank you, Brannon Pang M&E Pacific, Inc. 841 Bishop Street, Suite 1900 Honolulu, Hawai'i 96813 brannon.pang@m-e.aecom.com voice: (808)529-7214 fax: (808)524-0246 

### Page 2 of 2

4/9/2008APPENDIX C

SITE PHOTOSPhoto 1: Outside perimeter of public parking at Lihue Airport looking north.APPENDIX D

DRAFT EA CORRESPONDENCE AND COMMENTS RECEIVED
(NO COMMENTS RECEIVED DURING REVIEW PERIOD)