DOCUMENTATION FOR THE 

2005 MOBILE NATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY,

VERSION 2

Prepared for: 

Emissions Inventory Group (D205-01) 

Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 

Prepared by: 

Assessment and Standards Division 

Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Ann Arbor, MI 48105 

and 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

3622 Lyckan Parkway, Suite 2005 

Durham, NC 27707 

EPA Contract No. EP-D-07-097 

Work Assignment No. 1-01 

Pechan Report No. 08.09.002/9016.201 

December 2008
 [This page intentionally left blank]
December 2008 

 iii Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

CONTENTS

Page

TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... v 

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... vii 

1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 1 

1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT? ....................................................... 1 

1.2 WHAT CATEGORIES ARE COVERED IN THIS REPORT?.................................. 2 

1.3 HOW IS THIS REPORT ORGANIZED? ................................................................... 2 

2.0 SUMMARY OF 2005 NONROAD AND ONROAD MOBILE METHODOLOGIES ...... 3 

2.1 WHAT ARE THE GENERAL METHODOLOGIES EPA USED TO DEVELOP 

PREVIOUS MOBILE NEIS?...................................................................................... 3 

2.2 WHAT IS THE BASIS FOR THE 2005 MOBILE NEI, VERSION 1? ..................... 3 

2.2.1 QA ................................................................................................................... 3 

2.3 HOW HAVE 2005 MOBILE EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED FROM THE 

2005 MOBILE NEI, VERSION 1? ........................................................................... 12 

2.3.1 Basis for 2005 Mobile NEI, Version 2.......................................................... 12 

2.3.2 QA ................................................................................................................. 15 

2.3.3 Onroad Mobile Pollutant Emission Comparisons......................................... 15 

2.3.4 NONROAD Model Pollutant Emission Comparisons .................................. 16 

3.0 NMIM................................................................................................................................. 18 

3.1 NMIM METHODOLOGY........................................................................................ 18 

3.1.1 Introduction and Overview............................................................................ 18 

3.1.2 How NMIM Works ....................................................................................... 19 

3.1.3 How NMIM Runs Mobile6 ........................................................................... 19 

3.1.4 How NMIM Runs NONROAD..................................................................... 23 

3.1.5 Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM .......................... 24 

3.1.6 Source Categories for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM............. 26 

3.2 THE NMIM COUNTY DATABASE ....................................................................... 28 

3.2.1 Database Structure......................................................................................... 28 

3.2.2 Onroad VMT ................................................................................................. 29 

3.2.2.1 Annual................................................................................................. 30 

3.2.2.2 Monthly Allocation............................................................................. 43 

3.2.3 Fuel Properties............................................................................................... 45 

3.2.3.1 Gasoline .............................................................................................. 45 

3.2.3.2 Diesel and Natural Gas ....................................................................... 47 

3.2.4 Environmental Data....................................................................................... 51 

3.2.4.1 Temperature and Humidity ................................................................. 51 

3.2.4.2 Altitude and Barometric Pressure ....................................................... 54 

3.2.5 Nonroad-Specific Parameters........................................................................ 54 

3.2.6 Onroad Local Emission Control Programs ................................................... 56 

3.2.6.1 Inspection and Maintenance Programs ............................................... 56 

3.2.6.2 Anti-Tampering Programs .................................................................. 56 

3.2.6.3 Low Emitting Vehicle Programs......................................................... 57 

3.2.6.4 Refueling Emission Control Programs ............................................... 57 

3.2.7 Onroad Fleet and Activity ............................................................................. 58 
December 2008 

 iv Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.2.7.1 Age Distribution.................................................................................. 58 

3.2.7.2 Diesel Sales Fractions ......................................................................... 59 

3.2.7.3 Average Speeds................................................................................... 60 

3.2.7.4 Annual Mileage Accumulation Rates ................................................. 60 

3.2.7.5 Trips Per Day ...................................................................................... 61 

3.2.7.6 Trip Length Distribution ..................................................................... 61 

3.2.7.7 Hourly Distribution of Engine Starts .................................................. 62 

3.2.7.8 Hourly Distribution of Vehicle Miles Traveled.................................. 62 

3.2.7.9 Soak Time Distribution....................................................................... 62 

3.2.7.10 Diurnal Activity Distribution............................................................ 63 

3.2.7.11 Hot Soak Distribution ....................................................................... 63 

3.2.8 NMIM Toxic Emission Factors..................................................................... 64 

3.2.8.1 Gaseous HAPs..................................................................................... 64 

3.2.8.2 PAHs ................................................................................................... 65 

3.2.8.3 Metals, Dioxins, and Furans ............................................................... 66 

4.0 2002 MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING NEI ................................................................... 67 

4.1 HOW WERE STAGE II ONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS DEVELOPED? .. 67 

4.2 HOW WERE STAGE II NONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS DEVELOPED? 67 

4.3 REPORTING OF MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING.............................................. 68 

4.4 QA PROCEDURES................................................................................................... 68 

5.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................................... 69 

APPENDIX A. LOCAL DATA FOR NMIM COUNTY DATABASE ................................. A-1 
December 2008 

 v Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

TABLES 

Table 1-1. 2005 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 2............................................... 1 

Table 2-1a. Methods Used to Develop Emission Estimates for Onroad Vehicle Sources ............ 4 

Table 2-1b. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for Nonroad Mobile 

Sources................................................................................................................................ 6 

Table 2-2. Summary of Onroad and Nonroad 2002 and 2005 NMIM Data Submissions........... 13 

Table 2-3. Comparison of 2005 Onroad Mobile NEI, Version 1 and Version 2......................... 16 

Table 2-4. Comparison of 2005 NONROAD Model NEI, Version 1 and Version 2.................. 17 

Table 3-1. The 18 Vehicle Class-roadway Type Combinations in NMIM ................................. 22 

Table 3-2. The MOBILE6 Calendar Years and Evaluation Months That Are Used by NMIM to 

Produce an Inventory for Each Month of a Given Year, Y............................................... 23 

Table 3-3. Hydrocarbon Forms Available from NMIM (MOBILE6 User Guide)...................... 24 

Table 3-4. List of Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM............................ 25 

Table 3-5a. The 12 Vehicle Classes That Correspond to SCCs .................................................. 27 

Table 3-5b. The 28 MOBILE6 Vehicle Classes and the 12 Vehicle Classes Corresponding to 

SCCs That Are Output by NMIM..................................................................................... 27 

Table 3-6. 12 Roadway Types ..................................................................................................... 28 

Table 3-7. NONROAD Model Equipment Segments.................................................................. 28 

Table 3-8. Tables in the NMIM County Database (NCD) .......................................................... 29 

Table 3-9. HPMS 2005 VMT Fractions by Road Types and Vehicle Categories....................... 35 

Table 3-10. Mapping of HPMS Vehicle Categories to MOBILE6, MOBILE5, and SCC-Level 

Vehicle Classes................................................................................................................. 36 

Table 3-11. VMT Fractions by MOBILE6 Vehicle Categories .................................................. 37 

Table 3-12. Allocation of VMT from HPMS Vehicle Categories to MOBILE6 Vehicle Classes 

for 2005............................................................................................................................. 38 

Table 3-13. List of States or Counties with State or Locally-Provided VMT in the 2002 NEI .. 39 

Table 3-14. Calculation and Application of 2002 to 2005 Growth Factors for an Example 

County............................................................................................................................... 41 

Table 3-15. Mapping of MOBILE6 to MOBILE5 Vehicle Classes............................................ 42 

Table 3-16. NMIM Default VMT Seasonal and Monthly Temporal Allocation Factors............ 44 

Table 3-17. Survey Cities and 2000 Diesel Sulfur Values .......................................................... 48 

Table 3-18. City Mapping and Weights for Diesel Sulfur........................................................... 48 

Table 3-19. Nonroad Diesel Sulfur Levels by Category and by State......................................... 51 

Table 3-20. Nonroad Specific Parameters Provided by State...................................................... 55 

Table 4-1. Stage II HAP Speciation Profiles Applied to VOC Emissions .................................. 67 

Table A-1. List of I/M Program File Names Used for Version 2 of the 2005 National Emission 

Inventory......................................................................................................................... A-2 

Table A-2. Anti-Tampering Files Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies ................... A-5 

Table A-3. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2005....................................................A-11 

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies........... A-17 

Table A-5. 25-Year Trend of Vehicle Registrations And New Sales in Puerto Rico.............. A-27 

Table A-6. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies ................ A-28 

Table A-7. Average Speeds by Road Type and Vehicle Type ................................................ A-32 

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies...... A-33 
December 2008 

 vi Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-9. Trip Length Distributions Provided by State, Local, and Tribal Agencies........... A-40 

Table A-10. Vehicle Miles Traveled by Hour of the Day Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal (S/L/T) Agencies......................................................................................... A-41 
December 2008 

 vii Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

AAMA Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers of America 

ALVW adjusted loaded vehicle weight 

ASOS Automated Surface Observing System 

AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 

BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics 

CAP criteria air pollutant 

CASRN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers 

CNG compressed natural gas 

CO carbon monoxide 

DOE Department of Energy 

DOT Department of Transportation 

EC elemental carbon 

EDMS Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling System 

EGAS Economic Growth Analysis System 

EIG Emission Inventory Group 

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

ERG Eastern Research Group, Inc 

ETBE ethyl tertiary butyl ether 

ETOH ethanol 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FHWA Federal Highway Administration 

FID flame ionization detection 

FIPS Federal Information Processing System 

GIS geographic information system 

GSE ground support equipment 

GUI graphical user interface 

GVWR gross vehicle weight rating 

HAPs hazardous air pollutants 

HC hydrocarbons 

HDDV heavy duty diesel vehicle 

HDGV heavy duty gasoline vehicle 

HHDDV heavy heavy-duty vehicle 

HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System 

I/M inspection and maintenance 

LDDT light duty diesel truck 

LDGT light duty gasoline truck 

LDDV light duty diesel vehicle 

LDGV light duty gasoline vehicle 

LDV light duty vehicle 

LEV low emission vehicle 

LHDDV light heavy-duty diesel vehicle 

LPG liquefied petroleum gas 

LTO landing and take-off 

LVW loaded vehicle weight 

MC motorcycle 

MHDDV medium heavy-duty diesel vehicle 

mph miles per hour 

MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether 
December 2008 

 viii Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

NAPAP National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program 

NCD NMIM County Database 

NCDC National Climatic Data Center 

NEI National Emissions Inventory 

NGV natural gas vehicle 

NH3 ammonia 

NIF NEI Input Format 

NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons 

NMIM National Mobile Inventory Model 

NMOG nonmethane organic gases 

NOx oxides of nitrogen 

NWS National Weather Service 

OC organic carbon 

OTAQ Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

PADDs Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts 

PAH polyaromatic hydrocarbons 

Pb lead 

Pechan E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

PM particulate matter 

PM10 particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 

10 micrometers 

PM2.5 particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 

2.5 micrometers 

psi pounds per square inch 

QA quality assurance 

REMSAD Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition 

RFG reformulated gasoline 

RVP Reid vapor pressure 

SCC source classification code 

SEMCOG South Eastern Michigan Council of Governments 

SIC standard industrial classification (code) 

SIP State implementation plan 

S/L/T State, local, and tribal 

SO2 sulfur dioxide 

SO4 sulfate 

SOA secondary organic aerosol 

STEEM Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environmental Model 

TAME tertiary amyl methyl ether 

THC total hydrocarbons 

TOG total organic gases 

U.S. United States 

VOC volatile organic compounds 

VMT vehicle miles traveled 

WO winter oxygenate 
December 2008 

 1 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The National Emissions Inventory (NEI) is a comprehensive inventory covering criteria 

pollutants and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for the 50 United States (U.S.), Washington DC, 

Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. The NEI was created by the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency=s (EPA=s) Emission Inventory Group (EIG) in Research Triangle Park, North 

Carolina. 

The NEI will be used to support air quality modeling, rule development, international reporting, 

air quality trends analysis, and other activities. To this end, the EPA established a goal to 

compile comprehensive emissions data in the NEI for criteria and HAPs for nonroad mobile, 

onroad mobile, point, and nonpoint sources.

1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT? 

This report summarizes the procedures EPA used to estimate annual emissions for the onroad 

mobile sector and a portion of the nonroad sector of EPA=s 2005 final NEI, also referred to as the 

2005 NEI Version 2. Relevant activities for preparing Version 1 of the mobile sector 2005 NEI 

are also summarized. 

The nonroad sector is comprised of nonroad engines in EPA=s NONROAD model, as well as 

other engines not modeled in NONROAD, including aircraft, commercial marine vessels, and 

locomotives. This report only addresses those nonroad categories included in EPA=s 

NONROAD model. Methodologies for other nonroad categories are documented in a separate 

report entitled “Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel, and Locomotive, and Other Nonroad 

Components of the National Emissions Inventory” (ERG, 2005). For most of these source 

categories, EPA used the 2002 NEI Version 4 estimates. However, some of these estimates have 

been updated. Check the 2005 NEI website for the most recent information. 

A summary of national annual onroad mobile and NONROAD model criteria pollutant emissions 

as calculated for the 2005 mobile NEI, Version 2 is provided in Table 1-1. 

Table 1-1. 2005 Mobile National Emissions 

Inventory, Version 2 

Pollutant Onroad Emissions, 

tpy 

NONROAD Emissions, 

tpy 

VOC 4,194,811 2,826,714 

NOx 6,386,627 2,051,998 

CO 49,716,705 21,246,993 

PM10-PRI 181,073 213,458 

PM25-PRI 125,075 203,956 

SO2 146,200 198,579 

NH3 309,808 1,999 
December 2008 

 2 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

1.2 WHAT CATEGORIES ARE COVERED IN THIS REPORT? 

The “onroad vehicles” category includes motorized vehicles that are normally operated on public 

roadways. This includes passenger cars, motorcycles, minivans, sport-utility vehicles, light-duty 

trucks, heavy-duty trucks, and buses. 

NONROAD model categories include recreational marine and land-based vehicles, farm and 

construction machinery, industrial, commercial, logging, and lawn and garden equipment. 

Aircraft ground support equipment (GSE) and rail maintenance equipment are also included in 

NONROAD. These equipment are powered by compression-ignition engines, which are 

typically diesel-fueled, as well as spark-ignition or gasoline-fueled engines. Compressed natural 

gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) engines may also power certain types of nonroad 

equipment. 

1.3 HOW IS THIS REPORT ORGANIZED? 

Chapter 2 provides an overview of the procedures used to develop the 2005 nonroad and onroad 

mobile emission estimates, as well as a summary of methodologies used for developing historic 

year mobile emission estimates. Chapter 3 presents a discussion of EPA=s National Mobile 

Inventory Model (NMIM), as well as a description of the inputs used in the NMIM County 

Database (NCD). Chapter 4 describes the procedures used to estimate mobile source refueling 

(i.e., Stage II) emission estimates. 

The report also includes Appendix A, which contains a detailed listing of the local inputs used 

for the NCD as referenced in Chapter 3. 
December 2008 

 3 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

2.0 SUMMARY OF 2005 NONROAD AND ONROAD MOBILE 

METHODOLOGIES 

This section provides an overview of the methods used to develop the 2005 NEI Versions 1 

and 2. Though the focus of this documentation is on describing the methodologies and data used 

for 2005, section 2.1 of this document provides an overview of methodologies used for 

developing historic year mobile emission estimates, including onroad and all nonroad mobile 

categories. 

2.1 WHAT ARE THE GENERAL METHODOLOGIES EPA USED TO 

DEVELOP PREVIOUS MOBILE NEIS? 

Criteria air pollutant (CAP) emission estimates for mobile sources have been developed for the 

years 1970, 1975, and 1978 through 2002, and 2005. HAP emission estimates for mobile 

sources have been prepared for the years 1990, 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2005. Table 2-1a provides 

a summary of the methods used for preparing current base year (2005) and historic year HAP 

and CAP onroad mobile emission estimates. Table 2-1b lists the methods used to prepare 

various subsectors of the nonroad mobile sector inventory, for 2005 and previous inventory 

years. 

 

2.2 WHAT IS THE BASIS FOR THE 2005 MOBILE NEI, VERSION 1? 

EPA=s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) has developed a model known as the 

NMIM. NMIM includes a county-level database with parameters specific to each county. The 

data in this county-level database are used to develop MOBILE6.2 and NONROAD model input 

files within NMIM. NMIM is described in more detail in Section 3.1 of this document. EPA=s 

NMIM was used to generate both onroad and nonroad estimates for the 2005 NEI. 

For the 2005 mobile NEI Version 1, NMIM was run for all counties. The NCD used is 

designated as NCD20070912. The version of the NMIM software was NMIM20070410. The 

MOBILE model version was M6203ChcOxFixNMIM. The NONROAD Model version was 

NR05c-BondBase. The basis for the 2005 default vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is data supplied 

by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), as well as publicly available data from 

FHWA=s Highway Statistics series. Details of how the VMT database was developed are 

discussed in Section 3.2.2 of this report. 

2.2.1 QA 

NMIM has been tested to ensure that the MOBILE6 input files and NONROAD option (“opt”) 

files it generates are correct, that it reads the NCD properly, and that its output files properly 

read and process the MOBILE6 and NONROAD output files. Both MOBILE6.2.03 and 

NONROAD2005 have been peer reviewed and publicly released. 
 

 4 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Table 2-1a. Methods Used to Develop Emission Estimates for Onroad Vehicle Sou

(Years addressed in this report are noted in bold print)

Base 

Year(s) Pollutant(s) Geographic Area Emission Estimation Method 

2005 All Criteria, HAPs US, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Emission estimates for all pollutants were deve

National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM), which calculate onroad emission factors. Where State

onroad MOBILE6 inputs or VMT, these data repDefault VMT is based on FHWA 2005 data and 2estimates. 

2002 All Criteria, HAPs US, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands Emission estimates for all pollutants were develope

Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM), which uses MOBILemission factors. Where States provided alternate VMT, these data replaced EPA default inputs. Calidata which replaced default EPA emission estimateVMT is based on FHWA 2002 data and population 

2001 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

California Emissions and VMT provided by California at count

provided emissions expanded to county/SCC level 

2001 NH3 California Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month usin

factors with State-provided VMT data 

2001 All Criteria AL; CO; ME; MA; MS; OR; UT; VA; 

WV; Maricopa County, AZ; 

Hamilton County, TN 

State-provided VMT grown to 2001; emissions calcMOBILE6 emission factors 

2001 All Criteria Rest of US Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month usin

based VMT 

1999 All Criteria AL; ME; MA; MS; UT; VA; WV; 

Maricopa County, AZ; Hamilton 

County, TN 

Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month usinprovided VMT data used 

1999 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

California Emissions and VMT provided by California at count

provided emissions expanded to county/SCC level 

1999 NH3 California Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month usin

factors with State-provided VMT data 

1999 PM10 Exhaust Colorado PM10 emissions and VMT provided by State 1999 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10 brake and tire 

wear, PM2.5, NH3

Colorado Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month usin

provided VMT data used 
 

 5 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Table 2-1a. Methods Used to Develop Emission Estimates for Onroad Vehicle Sou

(Years addressed in this report are noted in bold print)

Base 

Year(s) Pollutant(s) Geographic Area Emission Estimation Method 

1999 All Criteria Oregon Emissions and VMT provided by Oregon at county/

provided emissions expanded to county/SCC level 

1999 All Criteria Rest of US, Puerto Rico, and US 

Virgin Islands 

Calculated at State/county/SCC level by month usinbased VMT 

1999 HAPs California HAP emissions and VMT provided by California at 

emissions allocated to SCC level by EPA 

1999 HAPs Rest of US, Puerto Rico, and US 

Virgin Islands 

MOBILE6 emission factors calculated at State/counapplied to FHWA-based VMT 

1997-1998 All Criteria US 2-step linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level 

State/count/SCC level data 

1990, 1996 HAPs US MOBILE6 emission factors calculated at State/coun

applied to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)traveled (VMT) 

1991-1995 All Criteria US Linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level based 

State/count/SCC level data 

1988-1989 All Criteria US Linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level based 

State/count/SCC level data 

1979-1986 All Criteria US Linear interpolation at State/count/SCC level based 

State/count/SCC level data 

1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 

2000 

All Criteria US Calculated at State/county/source classification cod

using MOBILE6, no State data incorporated 

1970, 1975 All Criteria US Linear extrapolation at national vehicle type level b

national data 
 

 6 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Table 2-1b. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for Nonroad Mobile 

(Categories/years addressed in this report are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* 

NONROAD CategoriesNonroad Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, CNG

2005 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5, NH3, & 

HAPs 

Emission estimates for NONROAD model engusing EPA=s National Mobile Inventory Model incorporates NONROAD2005. Where States pnonroad inputs, these data replaced EPA defa

 2002 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5, NH3, & 

HAPs 

Emission estimates for NONROAD model engineusing EPA=s National Mobile Inventory Model (NMincorporates NONROAD2005. Where States prononroad inputs, these data replaced EPA default supplied emissions data also replaced EPA emisState. 

1999 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Using emission estimates from two emission inve1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPNONROAD model; and 2) an updated 1999 natioEPA’s draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (datethe 1996 county-level emission estimates, seasonational ratios were then developed for applicatioestimates per season estimated from the LockdoState-submitted data for California for all NONROPennsylvania for recreational marine and aircraft equipment, and Texas for select equipment categ

1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 & 2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Using emission estimates from two emission inve1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPNONROAD model; and 2) updated year-specific inventories, based on EPA=s draft Lockdown C NMay 2002). Using the 1996 county-level emissioand daily county-to-national ratios and California were then developed for application to updated nseason estimated from the Lockdown C model. Creplace the diesel equipment emissions generateof county-to-national ratios. 

1991-1995 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5, NH3

Using 1990 and 1996 county-level emissions inveemissions using linear interpolation of national emand 1996. From these emissions, calculated the rate for each pollutant/SCC combination for each the growth factors to 1990 county-level emissions emissions. 
 

 7 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* 

Nonroad Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, and CNG (Continued) 

1990 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Using emission estimates from two emission inve1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPNONROAD model; and 2) updated 1990 national EPA=s draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (datethe 1996 county-level emission estimates, seasonational ratios were then developed for applicatioestimates per season estimated from the Lockdo

1986, 1988, & 1989 

VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5, NH3

Using 1985 and 1990 county-level emissions inveemissions using linear interpolation of national emand 1990. From these emissions, calculated the rate for each pollutant/SCC combination for each the growth factors to 1985 county-level emissions emissions. 

1987 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Using EPA=s draft Lockdown C NONROAD modedeveloped updated national emissions for 1987 bNONROAD model runs to estimate annual criteriAlso performed national NONROAD model runs tsummer weekday emissions. 

1985 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Using emission estimates from two emission inve1996 county-level inventory, developed using EPNONROAD model; and 2) updated 1985 national EPA=s draft Lockdown C NONROAD model (datethe 1996 county-level emission estimates, seasonational ratios were then developed for applicatioestimates per season estimated from the Lockdo

1970, 1975, 1978, & 1980 

VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Using EPA=s draft Lockdown C NONROAD modedeveloped updated national emissions for all yeaseasonal NONROAD model runs to estimate annemissions. Also performed national NONROAD typical summer weekday emissions. 

1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, & 2001 

NH3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates fro

NONROAD model, multiplying by NH3 emission f

to counties using 1996 inventory, based on OctobNONROAD. NH3 emissions for California were a

updated diesel fuel consumption values generateruns, and assuming the 1996 county-level distribu

1985 & 1990 NH3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates fro

NONROAD model, multiplying by NH3 emission f

to counties using 1996 inventory, based on OctobNONROAD. 
 

 8 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* 

Nonroad Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, and CNG (Continued) 

1987 NH3 Obtaining 1987 national fuel consumption estima

NONROAD model and multiplying by NH3 emissi

1970, 1975, 1978, & 1980 

NH3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates fro

NONROAD model and multiplying by NH3 emissi

1990, 1996, & 1999 

HAPs Speciation profiles applied to county VOC and PM 

HAPs were calculated using fuel and activity-basSome State data were provided and replaced nat

AircraftCommercial Aircraft 2002 & 2005 Criteria and HAPs Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Emissions 

Modeling System (EDMS) was run for criteria polemissions were speciated into HAP components. 

1990, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, SOX Input landing and take-off (LTO) data into FAA ED

emissions were assigned to airports based on airand Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) gesystem (GIS) data. State data replaced national 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOX Estimated emissions for interim years using linea

available base years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 1999 HAPs Speciation profiles were applied to VOC estimate

estimates. State data replaced national estimate

General Aviation, Air Taxis 

1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000,  2001, & 2002 

VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved emission estimates. Speciation profiles were applied to VOnational HAP estimates. State data replaced nat

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOX, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Estimated emissions for interim years using lineaavailable base years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 1999, & 2002 

HAPs Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved emission 

estimates. Speciation profiles were applied to VOdevelop national HAP estimates. (2004) 

1990, 1996, 1999, & 2002 

Pb Used Department of Energy (DOE) aviation gaso

lead concentration of aviation gasoline. (2004) 

1996 NH3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to 1996 national je

gasoline consumption estimates. 

Military Aircraft 1978, 1987, 1990, 

1996, 1999, 2000,  2001, & 2002 

VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved emission estimates. Representative HAP profiles were not therefore HAP estimates were not developed. Stnational estimates. (2004) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOX, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Estimated emissions for interim years using lineaavailable base years. (2003) 
 

 9 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* 

Auxiliary Power Units 1985-2001 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Grew 1996 emissions to each year using LTO opFAA. Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported 

Unpaved Airstrips1 1985-2001 PM10, PM2.5 Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC 45-

growth factors, consistent with the current draft vGrowth Analysis System (EGAS). Estimation mereported in EPA, 1998. 

Aircraft Refueling1 1985-2001 VOC Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC 45-

growth factors, consistent with the current draft vEstimation methods prior to 1996 reported in EPA

Commercial Marine Vessel (CMV)CMV Steam/Residual fuel Categories 

2005 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5, HAPs 

2002 Estimates grown to 2005 (2008). 

CMV Steam/Residual fuel Categories 

2002 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5, HAPs 

2002 based estimates were developed for port an(C3) vessels as part of a rulemaking effort. Emisseparately for near port and underway emissionsemissions, inventories for 2002 were developed f28 Great Lake ports in the U.S. The Waterway NEnergy, and Environmental Model (STEEM) was emissions from ships traveling in shipping lanes bindividual ports (2008) 

CMV Diesel Categories 

2002 & 2005 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

2001 Estimates carried over. Used State data wh

HAPs 1999 Estimates carried over. Used State data wh

CMV Diesel 1978, 1987, 1990, 

1996, 1999, 2000, & 2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, 

PM10, & PM2.5, 

Used criteria emission estimates in the backgroudiesel regulations for 2000. Adjusted 2000 criterifor other used based on fuel usage. Emissions wport traffic and underway activities. Port emissionspecific ports based on amount of cargo handledwere allocated based on Army Corp of EngineeriState data replaced national estimates. (2003) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOX, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Estimated emissions for interim years using lineaavailable base years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 1999 HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were speciated 

 State data replaced national estimates. (2003) 

1996 NH3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to 1996 distillate a

estimates (i.e., as reported in EIA, 1996). 

1990-1995 NH3 Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. 
 

 10 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method* 

CMV Steam Powered 1978, 1987, 1990, 

1996, 1999, 2000, & 2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, 

PM10, & PM2.5 

Calculated criteria emissions based on EPA State (SIP) guidance. Emissions were disaggregated iunder way activities. Port emissions were assignbased on amount of cargo handled. Underway eallocated based on Army Corp of Engineering wadata replaced national estimates. (2003) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOX, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Estimated emissions for interim years using lineaavailable base years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, & 1999 

HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were speciated 

 State data replaced national estimates. (2003) 

Military Marine 1997-2001 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions category. 

CMV Coal,2 CMV, 

Steam powered, CMV Gasoline2

1997-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions category. 

CM Coal, CMV, Steam powered, CMV Gasoline, Military Marine 

1991-1995 VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. 

LocomotivesClass I, Class II, Commuter, Passenger, and Yard Locomotives 

1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000,  2000, 2002, & 2005 

VOC, NOx, CO, PM10, 

PM2.5 

Criteria pollutants were estimated by using locomDOE EIA and available emission factors. Countyobtained by scaling the national estimates with thDepartment of Transportation (DOT). State data estimates. (2004) 

1978, 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000,  2001, 2002, & 2005 

SO2 SOx emissions were calculated by using locomot

sulfur concentration data from EIA. County-level obtained by scaling the national estimates with thactivity data from DOT. State data replaced natio

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, SOX, 

PM10, PM2.5 

Estimated emissions for interim years using lineaavailable base years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 1999, & 2002 

HAPs HAP emissions were calculated by applying spec

and PM estimates. County-level estimates were national estimates with the county level rail activitdata replaced national estimates. (2004) 

1997-1998 NH3 Grew 1996 base year emissions using EGAS gro1996 NH3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to diesel consump1990-1995 NH3 Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. 
 

 11 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mo

Inventory, Version 2

Notes: * Dates included at the end of Estimation Method represent the year that the section was revised. 

1. Emission estimates for unpaved airstrips and aircraft refueling are included in the area source NEI, since they represent non-engine e

2. National Emission estimates for CMV Coal and CMV Gasoline were not developed though States and local agencies may have submi

categories. EPA, 1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factors and Inventory Gro

Trends, Procedures Document, 1900B1996, EPA-454/R-98-008. May 1998.
 December 2008 

 12 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

The NCD has been undergoing review ever since it was developed. The database was assembled 

by Eastern Research Group under contract to OTAQ and included significant QA effort, as 

documented in “National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) Base and Future Year County 

Database Documentation and Quality Assurance Procedures” (EPA, 2003a). The NCD was 

subsequently quality checked by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. (Pechan) under contract to 

OTAQ, as documented in “Comparison of NMIM County Database to NEI Modeling, Final 

Report” (EPA, 2003b). States most recently reviewed the data in the NCD posted for 2005 NEI 

Version 1 and provided corrections, which have been incorporated into the database. For more 

information on the NCD, see Section 3.2. 

Finally, EPA performed completeness checks to confirm that data for all county-month 

combinations were generated by the NMIM run. Since the NMIM MOBILE6 runs and NMIM 

NONROAD runs are always executed in county-month combinations, the presence in the output 

data of all county-month combinations indicates that all MOBILE6 and NONROAD runs 

completed and that NMIM processed them. 

2.3 HOW HAVE 2005 MOBILE EMISSION ESTIMATES CHANGED 

FROM THE 2005 MOBILE NEI, VERSION 1? 

This section provides an overview of the basis of the 2005 mobile NEI, Version 2. The basis for 

some of the differences seen from the 2005 mobile NEI, Version 1 is also discussed. 

2.3.1 Basis for 2005 Mobile NEI, Version 2 

In developing the 2005 mobile NEI, Version 2, EPA provided State, local, and tribal (S/L/T) 

agencies the opportunity to review and provide comment on the NMIM county-level database 

for 2005. The 2005 NMIM county database was populated with EPA’s most current default 

2005 data. In addition, for some of the onroad and nonroad activity inputs, the 2005 NCD 

contained data submitted by States for the 2002 NEI. EPA prepared instructions for S/L/T 

agencies to explain the preferred methods for submitting revised NMIM inputs (EPA, 2007a). 

EPA requested that air agencies submit revised data to EPA by September 30, 2007. Once 

submitted, these data were logged, reviewed, and quality-assured by EPA. Table 2-2 provides a 

summary of the data submitted by S/L/T agencies for the 2005 Mobile NEI. As seen in Table 2-

2, many States also provided VMT data in the NEI Input Format (NIF (reported as throughput in 

the PE table)). These VMT were converted to the NCD VMT format and replaced the default 

EPA estimates. 

For the 2005 mobile NEI Version 2, NMIM was run for all counties. Emission estimates for the 

2005 onroad and NONROAD model (hereafter referred to as simply “nonroad”) NEI Version 2 

were made using NMIM and the updated NCD. The NMIM county-level database for 2005 was 

updated with local data submitted by State and local agencies and EPA’s most current default 

data where local data were not provided. The NCD used is designated as NCD20080522, which 

includes the data provided by the States after they reviewed EPA’s default 2005 NCD. Statespecific files that correspond to the updated NCD are posted at EPA’s web site at: 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2005inventory.html. The version of the NMIM software was 
 

 13 Documentation for the Final 2005 M

Inventory, Version 2

Table 2-2. Summary of Onroad and Nonroad 2002 and 2005 NMIM Data Submiss

2002 

State 

ID State Name 

Data Provided 

For NCD Files 

MOBILE6 

Input 

Files 

NONROAD/NMIM 

External Files NCD Files 

01 AL Alabama All Counties 02 AK Alaska 

Maricopa County 9Pima County 9

04 AZ Arizona 

Rest of State 

05 AR Arkansas All Counties 06 CA California All Counties 

La Posta Tribe 

08 CO Colorado All Counties 9 9 909 CT Connecticut 10 DE Delaware All Counties 9 9 11 DC District of Columbia 9 9 9

Pinnelas County Broward County 

12 FL Florida 

Rest of State 

13 GA Georgia All Counties 15 HI Hawaii 16 ID Idaho All Counties 9 17 IL Illinois All Counties 9 9 (opt files only) 18 IN Indiana 919 IA Iowa All Counties 20 KS Kansas All Counties 21 KY Kentucky Jefferson County 9

Rest of State 

22 LA Louisiana All Counties 23 ME Maine All Counties 924 MD Maryland All Counties 9 9 9 25 MA Massachusetts All Counties 926 MI Michigan All Counties 9 9 9

SEMCOG 9 9 9

27 MN Minnesota All Counties 28 MS Mississippi All Counties 29 MO Missouri All Counties 30 MT Montana 31 NE Nebraska Lancaster County 

Rest of State 
 

 14 Documentation for the Final 2005 M

Inventory, Version 2

Table 2-2. Summary of Onroad and Nonroad 2002 and 2005 NMIM Data Submiss

2002 

State 

ID State Name 

Data Provided 

For NCD Files 

MOBILE6 

Input 

Files 

NONROAD/NMIM 

External Files NCD Files 

15 of 17 Counties Clark County 

32 NV Nevada 

Washoe County 

33 NH New Hampshire All Counties 34 NJ New Jersey All Counties 9 935 NM New Mexico 36 NY New York All Counties 937 NC North Carolina All Counties 938 ND North Dakota 39 OH Ohio All Counties 9 940 OK Oklahoma 41 OR Oregon All Counties 942 PA Pennsylvania All Counties 72 PR Puerto Rico 44 RI Rhode Island 345 SC South Carolina 946 SD South Dakota 

91 of 95 Counties 9 9 (opt files only) Davidson County 9 9 9 (opt files only) Hamilton County 9 Knox County 9 

47 TN Tennessee 

Shelby County 9 

48 TX Texas All Counties 9 49 UT Utah All Counties 9 9 950 VT Vermont All Counties 978 VI Virgin Islands 51 VA Virginia All Counties 9 953 WA Washington All Counties 9 954 WV West Virginia All Counties 55 WI Wisconsin All Counties 9 9 956 WY Wyoming 
December 2008 

 15 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

NMIM20071009. The MOBILE model version was M6203ChcOxFixNMIM. The NONROAD 

Model version was NR05c-BondBase. 

 

A detailed listing by parameter of S/L/T inputs used in the updated NCD for the 2005 NEI 

Version 2 is presented in Chapter 3, Section 3.2 of this document. State data related to 

temperature and onroad or nonroad fuel profiles are described in detail in Sections 3.2.3 and 

3.2.4. State-submitted data related to onroad control programs and activity data used for the 

onroad/NMIM runs are described in detail in Sections 3.2.6 and 3.2.7, respectively. The specific 

State-submitted data related to nonroad activity parameters used for the NONROAD/NMIM runs 

are described in detail in Section 3.2.5. 

In cases where S/L/T agencies provided NIF data, including the PE table where VMT data are 

stored, the NIF VMT data were converted to the NMIM BaseYearVMT table format. The NCD 

was then updated with these VMT data before it was run. The conversion from the NIF to 

NMIM VMT formats was performed in the manner discussed in Section 3.2.2 of this document 

for VMT provided at the 12 vehicle type level of detail and then expanded to the 28 vehicle type 

level of detail. 

2.3.2 QA 

Prior to performing the NMIM runs, EPA quality assured all updates made to the NCD. EPA 

coordinated with State and local agencies where needed to follow-up on questions regarding the 

accuracy or reasonableness of data submitted. 

EPA also performed completeness checks to confirm that data for all county-month 

combinations were generated by the NMIM run. Since the NMIM MOBILE6 runs and NMIM 

NONROAD runs are always executed in county-month combinations, the presence in the output 

data of all county-month combinations indicates that all MOBILE6 and NONROAD runs 

completed and that NMIM processed them. 

2.3.3 Onroad Mobile Pollutant Emission Comparisons 

For the onroad sources, the primary differences between Version 1 and Version 2 of the 2005 

NEI estimates stem primarily from changes in the default VMT, as well as S/L/T-provided 

MOBILE6 activity inputs. Table 2-3 summarizes the differences in criteria pollutant emissions 

and VMT between these two versions of the NEI for the entire United States, Puerto Rico, and 

the Virgin Islands. At the national level, the changes are relatively consistent among all criteria 

pollutants, and generally follow the trend reflected in the overall change in VMT. SO2 emission 

estimates show a slightly smaller increase of 0.8 percent, as these increases in VMT are likely 

offset by decreases in sulfur content for States that provided these data. 

 
December 2008 

 16 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 2-3. Comparison of 2005 Onroad Mobile 

NEI, Version 1 and Version 2

 Version 1 

2005 NEI, 

tpy 

Version 2 

2005 NEI, 

tpy 

Percent 

Difference 

VOC 4,128,884 4,194,811 1.6% 

NOX 6,294,227 6,386,627 1.4% 

CO 49,035,793 49,716,705 1.4% 

PM10-PRI 178,628 181,073 1.3% 

PM25-PRI 123,439 125,075 1.3% 

SO2 145,020 146,200 0.8% 

NH3 305,486 309,808 1.4% 

VMT (million miles) 2,982,132 3,026,525 1.5% 

The annual VMT used in the 2005 NEI Version 1 was based on developing a default 2005 VMT 

database from FHWA data and then replacing the FHWA-based VMT with State-based VMT 

grown to 2005 for States and local areas that supplied VMT data used in the 2002 NEI. In 

developing Version 2 of the 2005 NEI, these default 2005 VMT data were then replaced by 

2005-specific State data where these data were supplied to EPA. The resulting change in VMT 

for the entire inventory is about a 1.4 percent increase from Version 1 to Version 2 of the 2005 

NEI. However, at the State level, the VMT changes range from a 16 percent decrease from 

Version 1 to Version 2 in Idaho to an increase in VMT of 12 percent in California. In addition, 

there have also been changes made to many of the MOBILE6 input values to reflect data 

submitted by individual S/L/T agencies (see Chapter 3). These include inputs such as vehicle 

distributions by age, speeds, and I/M program specifications. Changes in any of these inputs can 

cause changes in the resulting emission values. 

2.3.4 NONROAD Model Pollutant Emission Comparisons 

For the nonroad sector, the small differences observed between Versions 1 and 2 of the 2005 

NEI are due to NMIM inputs submitted by State and local agencies that impact nonroad 

emissions. These include primarily fuel parameter and temperature data. Table 2-4 summarizes 

the differences in NONROAD model criteria pollutant emissions between Version 1 and 2 of the 

2005 NEI for the entire US, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. At the national level, the 

changes are relatively small, with VOC showing the largest difference. When comparing 

emissions at a State level, emissions changed notably for those 5 States submitting nonroadrelated inputs, including Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Utah, and Wisconsin. 

EPA also observed minor differences between nonroad evaporative VOC emission estimates for 

States for which no updates were made. These differences were determined to be caused by an 

update to a NONROAD data input file (spillage.emf) that specifies tank sizes, hose lengths, and 

ethanol permeation factors. 
December 2008 

 17 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 2-4. Comparison of 2005 NONROAD 

Model NEI, Version 1 and Version 2 

Version 1 

2005 NEI, 

tpy 

Version 2 

2005 NEI, 

tpy 

Percent 

Difference 

VOC 2,843,321 2,826,714 -0.6% 

NOX 2,049,258 2,051,998 0.1% 

CO 21,232,257 21,246,993 0.1% 

PM10-PRI 213,483 213,458 0.0% 

PM25-PRI 203,971 203,956 0.0% 

SO2 198,018 198,579 0.3% 

NH3 1,998 1,999 0.0% 
December 2008 

 18 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.0 NMIM 

3.1 NMIM METHODOLOGY 

3.1.1 Introduction and Overview 

EPA=s NMIM is a consolidated emissions modeling system for EPA=s MOBILE6 and 

NONROAD models. It was developed to produce, in a consistent and automated way, national, 

county-level mobile source emissions inventories for the NEI and for EPA rulemaking. When 

national inventories have previously been constructed from MOBILE6 and NONROAD, the 

necessary input data have been widely scattered in disparate formats and have required 

additional specialized software to convert these data into input files for MOBILE6 and 

NONROAD, to run the models, to integrate the results into a final inventory, and to post-process 

the results into forms suitable for the national inventories. NMIM is designed to accomplish all 

of these tasks in a single package. 

NMIM comprises a Java framework, graphical and command line user interfaces, the MOBILE6 

and NONROAD models, a national county database, and postprocessing and aggregation 

capabilities. NMIM=s primary improvements over MOBILE6 and NONROAD are: 1) the 

inclusion of all the required county data for the nation in a single database; 2) graphical user 

interface (GUI); 3) “shortcuts” for generating national inventories; 4) tools for aggregation and 

post-processing; 5) estimation of 33 HAPs and 17 dioxin/furan congeners by ratio to various 

MOBILE6 and NONROAD output parameters; and 6) distributed processing capability to 

enhance performance. NMIM specifically extends MOBILE6’s capabilities by producing 

inventories rather than just emissions factors. NMIM provides consistency across both models 

and all pollutants by using a single input database for MOBILE6 and NONROAD and for 

criteria pollutants and HAPs. 

An installation package and users manual for NMIM 2005 may be downloaded from the website: 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nmim.htm. Questions about NMIM can be emailed to 

mobile@epa.gov. 

This chapter begins with an overall explanation of how NMIM works, followed by the details of 

how it runs MOBILE6 and NONROAD. Next, it discusses the pollutant and source category 

inventories available from running NMIM. Then it describes the NCD and plans for updating 

and improving it through the NEI process. Lastly, there is an explanation of how NMIM 

estimates various HAPs that are not direct outputs of MOBILE6 and NONROAD. 
December 2008 

 19 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.1.2 How NMIM Works 

The NMIM user specifies a set of years and months, a geographic region (the whole United 

States, any combination of whole States, or any combination of particular counties, including 

Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands), a set of pollutants, and categories of onroad vehicles and 

nonroad equipment. This collection of user requests is called a “run specification” or RunSpec, 

and can be saved in a file for later execution or for text editing. RunSpecs can be produced by 

the NMIM GUI or by using a text editor. NMIM RunSpecs can be executed from the GUI or 

from the command line. 

Based on the RunSpec and information in the NCD, NMIM writes input files for the MOBILE6 

and NONROAD models. NMIM then runs these models, reads their output files, performs 

additional processing if necessary, and puts the inventories into an output database. Additional 

processing includes multiplying MOBILE6 emission factors by VMT and estimating emissions 

of some other pollutants (see below) as ratios to pollutant inventories generated by MOBILE6 

and NONROAD. NMIM also has post-processing capability that can be applied after the 

inventory is generated, including the option to produce NIF Version 3.0 (NIF3) files. 

NMIM employs two main techniques, adopted from previous NEIs, to make the production of 

national inventories tractable. The first is to assume that monthly time resolution is adequate for 

both meteorology and source activity and therefore to perform 12 monthly runs instead of 365 

daily runs. NMIM is designed to do only monthly runs and produces annual inventories by 

summing the 12 monthly inventories. 

The second technique, which was not used for the 2005 NEI, is to group similar counties, 

allowing NMIM to do a single MOBILE6 or NONROAD run for the entire group. All counties 

were run individually for this version of the 2005 NEI to make maximum use of county-specific 

information. 

As a way of further improving performance, NMIM may be run in a distributed-processing 

mode, employing multiple computers. NMIM comprises two programs, Master and Worker. 

Both Master and Worker(s) have a simple text configuration file which specifies the path to a 

shared folder through which they communicate. The GUI, used to produce RunSpecs and 

AgSpecs as discussed above, is on the Master. In standalone mode, one Master, one Worker, 

and the shared folder are on the same computer. In distributed mode, there are multiple workers 

on separate computers. For both Version 1 and Version 2 of the 2005 NEI, NMIM was run in 

distributed mode, using one master and several workers. 

3.1.3 How NMIM Runs Mobile6 

NMIM writes a MOBILE6 input file and executes MOBILE6 once for each month for each 

representing county (if the user chose the Geographic Representation option “County Group”) or 

for each county (if the user chose the Geographic Representation option “County”). The 

resulting emission factors are multiplied by the VMT for each county. Each MOBILE6 input 

file is constructed using data obtained from the NCD. 
December 2008 

 20 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

The MOBILE6 input files constructed by NMIM are designed to accommodate detailed user 

input and to use a consistent set of commands. In order to use consistent fuels data for all 

pollutants, the AIR TOXICS command is always used, even if no air toxics are requested by the 

user. To enable the AIR TOXICS command, NMIM always inserts the command to model 

acrolein in the MOBILE6 input file, whether the user requests it or not. However, if the user 

does not request acrolein, it will not appear in the output table. Similarly, other commands, such 

as ALTITUDE, POLLUTANTS, and EVALUATION MONTH are always explicitly used, 

rather than depending on MOBILE6 default settings and will always appear in NMIM 

MOBILE6 input files. The NMIM MOBILE6 input files always use the HOURLY 

TEMPERATURES command, rather than MIN/MAX TEMPERATURE command. The hourly 

RELATIVE HUMIDITY command is always used, rather than the ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY 

command. The BAROMETRIC PRES command is always used, since this value interacts with 

the relative humidity values. Average speed distributions are always specified using the SPEED 

VMT command, rather than the AVERAGE SPEED command. 

For consistency, NMIM requires that gasoline fuel parameters have the level of detail to properly 

model air toxic emissions, even though less detail is required to model criteria pollutants. The 

OXYGENATE command is used instead of the OXYGENATED FUELS command, so all 

oxygen content values must be expressed as volume percent instead of weight percent. GAS 

AROMATIC%, GAS OLEFIN%, GAS BENZENE%, E200 and E300 must always be specified. 

 RVP OXY WAIVER command is always set to 1 (no waiver), because Reid vapor pressure 

(RVP) values from the fuel surveys are assumed to already account for any RVP effect from 

oxygenated fuels. The FUEL RVP command is always required. The GASOLINE SULFUR 

command and FUEL PROGRAM command Option 4 are always used to explicitly set the sulfur 

content of gasoline. The same gasoline sulfur content is used for both commands and for all 

years in the FUEL PROGRAM command, although it would normally have different sulfur 

values for different years. Each MOBILE6 run covers only a single month in a particular 

calendar year, so NMIM sets all possible sulfur values the same to avoid programming logic to 

determine which of the possible years to change. 

Some counties have local emission control programs. The basic information for these programs 

is stored in the NCD and used to create the appropriate commands for the input file when 

needed. Inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs for counties are stored in external data files 

and accessed using the I/M DESC FILE command. 

In addition to the basic required information, NMIM can also include county specific data that is 

normally provided to MOBILE6 using external data files. Nearly any of the valid MOBILE6 

commands can be used, including commands used to model local Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) 

phase-in programs and local natural gas vehicle fractions. Diesel sales fractions are stored in an 

external file and used to create the appropriate input command. 

Not all MOBILE6 commands are used by NMIM. The VMT FRACTIONS and VMT BY 

FACILITY commands are not needed, since these commands are only needed to create 

composite emission rates. NMIM converts all emission rate results from MOBILE6 to tons 

using the county specific VMT for each vehicle class and roadway type. Since all gasolines are 

explicitly defined, both the SEASON command and FUEL PROGRAM command Option 2 are 

never used. 
December 2008 

 21 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Only weekdays are modeled by NMIM. Commands that apply to weekend variations are not 

used. This simplification makes sense because most weekend differences in MOBILE6 are 

temporal distributions, so MOBILE6’s emission factors at the day level are little affected by 

these differences. (Parameters that can differ between weekends and weekdays are hot soak 

duration distribution, start distribution, starts/day, soak distribution, and trip length distribution.) 

The major difference between weekdays and weekends is VMT, which is provided by month, 

vehicle type, and roadway type in the NCD. 

MOBILE6 has only 4 facility or roadway types: freeways, arterials, ramps, and locals. Ramp 

speed is fixed at 34.6 miles per hour (mph) and local speed at 12.9 mph. Distributions of 

average speeds are specified separately for freeways and arterials using the SPEED VMT 

command. If only a single MOBILE6 scenario were run, the same distribution of average speeds 

would be applied to all vehicle types. Separate specification of average speed distributions for 

all combinations of the 12 roadway types and all 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types would require 

running 168 MOBILE6 scenarios. 

In order to avoid running so many MOBILE6 scenarios, while retaining reasonable flexibility, 

NMIM groups vehicle class-roadway type combinations into 18 groups, shown in Table 3-1. 

These groups are those that have been used in past NEI base years, and provide flexibility in 

assigning average speeds while limiting the number of MOBILE6 runs necessary to generate an 

inventory. Since nine of these combinations use the MOBILE6 freeway facility type and 9 use 

the arterial facility type, a total of 9 MOBILE6 scenarios are needed to model the 18 vehicle 

class/roadway type combinations. Average speed distributions for each of these 18 vehicle 

class/roadway type combinations can be specified for each county. 

Because MOBILE6 can model only one particle size at a time, if both PM10 and PM2.5 are 

desired, NMIM runs a tenth MOBILE6 scenario to obtain emission factors for the extra particle 

size. MOBILE6 separates exhaust particulates into sulfate (SO4), organic carbon (OC), 

elemental carbon (EC), lead, tire wear, and brake wear. Of these, only SO4 depends on speed. If 

either PM10 or PM2.5 is requested, the results are obtained from the standard nine scenarios. If 

both PM10 and PM2.5 are requested, the nine scenarios are run for PM10. Since all SO4 is 

PM2.5, if both PM10 and PM2.5 are requested, the SO4 emission factor for both is taken from 

the nine scenarios that are sensitive to speed, and the tenth scenario is used to obtain the 

emission factors for all the other PM2.5 components. 
December 2008 

 22 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-1. The 18 Vehicle Class-roadway Type Combinations in NMIM 

M6Vtypes* Road Types M6 Ftype 

LDV Rural Interstate Freeway 

LDT Rural Interstate Freeway 

HDV Rural Interstate Freeway 

LDV Urban Interstate Freeway 

LDT Urban Interstate Freeway 

HDV Urban Interstate Freeway 

LDV Urban Freeways & Expressways Freeway 

LDT Urban Freeways & Expressways Freeway 

HDV Urban Freeways & Expressways Freeway 

LDV,LDT Rural Principal Arterial Arterial 

LDV,LDT Rural Minor Arterial Arterial 

HDV Rural Principal Arterial Arterial 

LDV,LDT Rural Major Collector Arterial 

LDV,LDT Rural Minor Collector, Rural Local Arterial 

HDV Rural Minor Arterial Arterial 

LDV,LDT Urban Principal Arterial, Urban Minor Arterial, Urban Collector Arterial 

HDV Rural Major Collector, Rural Minor Collector, Rural Local Arterial 

HDV Urban Principal Arterial, Urban Minor Arterial, Urban Collector Arterial 

* Reference MOBILE6.2 User Guide, Appendix B 

LDV = MOBILE6 Vehicle Types 1 and 16. 

LDT = MOBILE6 Vehicle Types 2-5. 

HDV = MOBILE6 Vehicle Types 6-15. 

MOBILE6 specifies a calendar year and an evaluation month of either January or July. This 

combination determines the fleet composition for which emission factors are generated. For 

each month of a given inventory year, NMIM writes the MOBILE6 input file using the 

combination of calendar year and evaluation month shown in Table 3-2. 

The reasoning behind this scheme is that the fleet composition in October, November, and 

December of year Y is more like that of January of year Y+1 than it is like July of year Y. This 

scheme does not cause a problem with fuel properties, because NMIM always looks up the fuel 

properties in the NCD for the inventory year and month being modeled. Control programs in 

MOBILE6 are always assumed to begin on January 1, but MOBILE6 assumes that these 

programs have no effect on that day, since the program has had no time to get started. Hence 

NMIM is not erroneously introducing next year=s control programs by modeling October, 

November, and December as January 1 of the following year. 
December 2008 

 23 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-2. The MOBILE6 Calendar Years and Evaluation Months That Are Used by 

NMIM to Produce an Inventory for Each Month of a Given Year, Y

NMIM Month of Inventory Year 

Y 

MOBILE6 Calendar Year MOBILE6 Evaluation Month 

1 Y 1 

2 Y 1 

3 Y 1 

4 Y 7 

5 Y 7 

6 Y 7 

7 Y 7 

8 Y 7 

9 Y 7 

10 Y+1 1 

11 Y+1 1 

12 Y+1 1 

3.1.4 How NMIM Runs NONROAD 

NONROAD estimates monthly fuel consumption and emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC), 

CO, NOx, SO2, and PM. Additional pollutants are produced by NMIM as ratios to some of these 

outputs. 

The NONROAD Model reads a set of ASCII instructions, known as an “opt file” (for options). 

NMIM creates this file from data in the NCD. As employed in NMIM, the opt file is limited to 

one State and specifies month and year, fuel properties, temperature, and the counties for which 

to calculate emissions, which may be all or a subset of the counties in the State. NONROAD 

internally produces emissions for the whole State and then allocates the emissions for each SCC 

to the requested counties. Output is produced only for the county or counties selected in the 

NMIM RunSpec. 

The NONROAD Model includes a group of files that specify equipment populations, emission 

factors, deterioration rates, activities, and allocations from the State to the county level. Countyspecific allocation, population, seasonality, and activity files that will override the default files 

can be specified in the NCD. 

The fuel properties required by the NONROAD Model are not the same as those in the NCD. 

The NONROAD Model requires “Oxygen Weight %” in its opt file. The conversion from NCD 

fuel properties to oxygen weight percent is performed by NMIM as follows: 

oxywtpct = 

etohvolume*0.3448*etohmktshare 

+ mtbevolume*0.1786*mtbemktshare 

+ tamevolume*0.1636*tamemktshare 

+ etbevolume*0.1533*etbemktshare 
December 2008 

 24 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

These conversion factors are detailed under the OXYGENATE command in the MOBILE6 

User=s Guide (EPA, 2003c). 

How NMIM converts from THC to other hydrocarbon (HC) species

THC is the NONROAD Model=s native output. The other HC species that can be requested from 

NMIM are listed and defined in Table 3-3 below. The conversion from THC to the other HC 

species differs between exhaust and evaporative emissions. For NONROAD, NMIM classifies 

all emissions as either exhaust, evaporative, or refueling. NONROAD=s crankcase emissions are 

classified as exhaust. 

NMIM uses factors in the SCC table to convert NONROAD exhaust THC to the other HC 

outputs (VOC, NMHC, TOG, and NMOG). For evaporative emissions except for 

FuelType=CNG, no conversion is necessary (i.e., VOC = NMHC = TOG = NMOG = THC). For 

evaporative CNG emissions, TOG = THC, and NMOG = NMHC = VOC = 0. 

3.1.5 Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM 

HCs may be expressed in one of five forms, listed in Table 3-3 below. The conversion factors 

are those used in the MOBILE6 and NONROAD models and depend on fuel and engine type. 

 Table 3-3. Hydrocarbon Forms Available from NMIM (MOBILE6 User Guide) 

Hydrocarbon Form Includes 

FID HC 

Includes 

Methane 

Includes 

Ethane 

Includes 

Aldehydes 

Total Hydrocarbons (THC) Yes Yes Yes Partially 

Nonmethane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) Yes No Yes Partially 

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Yes No No Yes 

Total Organic Gases (TOG) Yes Yes Yes Yes 

Nonmethane Organic Gases (NMOG) Yes No Yes Yes 

Table 3-4 lists all pollutants for which NMIM produces inventories. The pollutant codes are 

those specified by NIF3.1 Numeric codes are Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers2

(CASRN) with the hyphens removed. 

In Table 3-4, a non-blank “Ratio to” column (MB for MOBILE6, NR for NONROAD) indicates 

that the pollutant is calculated by NMIM, after the MOBILE6 or NONROAD model is run, by 

ratio to the pollutant listed in the column. A blank “Ratio to” column indicates that the pollutant 

is calculated inside MOBILE6 or NONROAD. The ratio depends on source type, expressed as 

a SCC, and fuel characteristics. The complete list of these ratios may be found in the NCD SCC 

table and SCCToxics table. Ratio units are g/gallon, g/mile, and g/g of PM or VOC. For onroad 

vehicles, naphthalene is ratioed to exhaust PM and to evaporative VOC. For nonroad, it is 

ratioed to exhaust PM10 only. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is present to provide input to 

REMSAD (Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition3

). 

 

1

 Details of the NIF3 may be found as links to http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/nif/index.html#ver3. 2

 See EPA=s Substance Registry System: http://www.epa.gov/srs/ and the CAS Registry website: 

http://www.cas.org/EO/regsys.html. 

3

 Information on REMSAD may be found at http://remsad.saintl.com/overview.htm. 
December 2008 

 25 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

The “Six HAPs” category represents the first HAPs studied for mobile sources. They are 

selected individually in the NMIM RunSpec. The 27 “Add=l. HAPs” (additional HAPs) are 

selected as a group in the NMIM RunSpec. The 17 dioxin/furan congeners are also selected as a 

group. Pollutants in Table 3-4 without a category listed may be selected individually in the 

NMIM RunSpec. All pollutants are output separately, even if they are selected as a group. 

Table 3-4. List of Pollutants for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM 

Pollutant Ratio to 

Code Pollutant Name Category MB NR 

CO Carbon Monoxide 

HC Hydrocarbons (choice of five forms) 

NOX Nitrogen Oxides 

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide 

PM10-PRI Primary PM10 (Filterables and Condensibles) 

PM25-PRI Primary PM2.5 (Filterables and Condensibles) PM10*

NH3 Ammonia Gal* 

75070 Acetaldehyde Six HAPS VOC 

107028 Acrolein Six HAPS VOC 

71432 Benzene Six HAPS VOC 

106990 1,3-Butadiene Six HAPS VOC 

50000 Formaldehyde Six HAPS VOC 

1634044 MTBE Six HAPS VOC 

100414 Ethyl Benzene Add=l. HAPS VOC VOC 

100425 Styrene Add=l. HAPS VOC VOC 

108883 Toluene Add=l. HAPS VOC VOC 

110543 Hexane Add=l. HAPS VOC VOC 

120127 Anthracene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

123386 Propionaldehyde Add=l. HAPS VOC VOC 

129000 Pyrene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

1330207 Xylene Add=l. HAPS VOC VOC 

16065831 Chromium (Cr3+) Add=l. HAPS Mile Gal 

18540299 Chromium (Cr6+) Add=l. HAPS Mile Gal 

191242 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

193395 Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

205992 Benzo(b)fluoranthene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

206440 Fluoranthene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

207089 Benzo(k)fluoranthene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

208968 Acenaphthylene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

218019 Chrysene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

50328 Benzo(a)pyrene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

53703 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

540841 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Add=l. HAPS VOC VOC 

56553 Benz(a)anthracene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 
December 2008 

 26 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Pollutant Ratio to 

Code Pollutant Name Category MB NR 

7439965 Manganese Add=l. HAPS Mile Gal 

7440020 Nickel Add=l. HAPS Mile Gal 

83329 Acenaphthene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

85018 Phenanthrene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

86737 Fluorene Add=l. HAPS PM10 PM10 

91203 Naphthalene Add=l. HAPS PMVOC PM10 

1746016 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

19408743 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

3268879 Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

35822469 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

39001020 Octachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

39227286 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

40321764 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

51207319 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

55673897 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

57117314 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

57117416 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

57117449 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

57653857 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

60851345 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

67562394 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

70648269 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

72918219 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzofuran Dioxin/furan Mile Gal 

CO2 Carbon Dioxide 

SOA Secondary Organic Aerosol VOC* VOC* 

* Ratios for these pollutants are in the NCD SCC table. All others are in the SCCToxics table.

3.1.6 Source Categories for Which Inventories Are Produced by NMIM 

NMIM’s output is always in terms of SCC, which are described in the SCC table. For onroad 

output, NMIM also distinguishes five emission types (exhaust, evaporation, refueling, brake 

wear, and tire wear). For NONROAD, NMIM distinguishes three emission types (exhaust, 

evaporation, and refueling) and also reports the NONROAD power classes, which subdivide a 

given SCC by horsepower range. 

The VMT in the BaseYearVMT table is by the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes. In NMIM output, 

however, these 28 vehicle classes are aggregated into the 12 vehicle classes that correspond to 

SCC codes. These 12 vehicle classes are shown in Table 3-5a. The NCD M6VClass table 

defines the correspondence between these two sets of vehicle classes, which are shown in 

Table 3-5b. 
December 2008 

 27 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

 Table 3-5a. The 12 Vehicle Classes That Correspond to SCCs 

Class Description Class Description 

LDGV Light duty gasoline vehicles LDDT Light duty diesel trucks 

LDGT1 Light duty gasoline truck 1 2BHDDV Class 2b heavy duty diesel vehicles 

LDGT2 Light duty gasoline truck 2 LHDDV Light heavy-duty diesel vehicles 

HDGV Heavy duty gasoline vehicles, include buses MHDDV Medium heavy-duty diesel vehicles 

MC Motorcycles HHDDV Heavy heavy-duty diesel vehicles 

LDDV Light duty diesel vehicles BUSES Diesel buses 

Table 3-5b. The 28 MOBILE6 Vehicle Classes and the 12 Vehicle Classes 

Corresponding to SCCs That Are Output by NMIM 

M6# 28 M6 12 SCC Description 

1 LDGV LDGV Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (Passenger Cars) 

2 LDGT1 LDGT1 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 1 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 0-3750 lbs. LVW) 

3 LDGT2 LDGT1 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 2 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR, 3751-5750 lbs. LVW) 

4 LDGT3 LDGT2 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 3 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, 0-5750 lbs. ALVW) 

5 LDGT4 LDGT2 Light-Duty Gasoline Trucks 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR, 5751 lbs. and greater ALVW) 

6 HDGV2B HDGV Class 2b Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (8501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) 

7 HDGV3 HDGV Class 3 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) 

8 HDGV4 HDGV Class 4 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) 

9 HDGV5 HDGV Class 5 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) 

10 HDGV6 HDGV Class 6 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) 

11 HDGV7 HDGV Class 7 Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) 

12 HDGV8A HDGV Class 8a Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) 

13 HDGV8B HDGV Class 8b Heavy-Duty Gasoline Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) 

14 LDDV LDDV Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles (Passenger Cars) 

15 LDDT12 LDDT Light-Duty Diesel Trucks 1 and 2 (0-6,000 lbs. GVWR) 

16 HDDV2B 2BHDDV Class 2b Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (8501-10,000 lbs. GVWR) 

17 HDDV3 LHDDV Class 3 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR) 

18 HDDV4 LHDDV Class 4 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (14,001-16,000 lbs. GVWR) 

19 HDDV5 LHDDV Class 5 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (16,001-19,500 lbs. GVWR) 

20 HDDV6 MHDDV Class 6 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (19,501-26,000 lbs. GVWR) 

21 HDDV7 MHDDV Class 7 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (26,001-33,000 lbs. GVWR) 

22 HDDV8A HHDDV Class 8a Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (33,001-60,000 lbs. GVWR) 

23 HDDV8B HHDDV Class 8b Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (>60,000 lbs. GVWR) 

24 MC MC Motorcycles (Gasoline) 

25 HDGB HDGV Gasoline Buses (School, Transit and Urban) 

26 HDDBT BUSES Diesel Transit and Urban Buses 

27 HDDBS BUSES Diesel School Buses 

28 LDDT34 LDDT Light-Duty Diesel Trucks 3 and 4 (6,001-8,500 lbs. GVWR) 

SCC output also distinguishes 12 roadway types, listed in Table 3-6. The 12 roadway types are 

those used by the FHWA Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS).4

 These roadway 

types, in combination with the 12 vehicle types, result in 144 SCCs for onroad mobile sources. 

 

4

 Information on the FHWA HPMS is available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hpms/. 
December 2008 

 28 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

 Table 3-6. 12 Roadway Types 

Interstate: Rural Interstate: Urban 

Other Principal Arterial: Rural Other Freeways and Expressways: Urban 

Minor Arterial: Rural Other Principal Arterial: Urban 

Major Collector: Rural Minor Arterial: Urban 

Minor Collector: Rural Collector: Urban 

Local: Rural Local: Urban 

Emissions are estimated by the NONROAD Model for 214 SCCs. SCCs distinguish between 

equipment types, fuels (gasoline, diesel, LPG, and CNG) and between 2-stroke and 4-stroke 

gasoline engines. In addition, NONROAD produces horsepower categories, and NMIM retains 

these in its output. 

Within NMIM and the NONROAD Model, the nonroad SCCs are grouped into 12 segments, 

listed in Table 3-7. 

Table 3-7. NONROAD Model Equipment Segments 

Recreational Lawn/Garden Logging Oil Field 

Construction Agriculture Airport Support Pleasure Craft 

Industrial Commercial Underground Mining Railroad 

Any single SCC always falls under only one of these segments, corresponding to its most typical 

application, although it may be used in other segments as well. For example, skid steer loaders 

are in the construction segment, although they are also used in agriculture. Fuels are gasoline, 

diesel, LPG, and CNG. NMIM users must choose a segment and fuel; individual SCCs may not 

be selected. Output, however, is by individual SCC. 

3.2 THE NMIM COUNTY DATABASE 

3.2.1 Database Structure 

The NCD contains all the county-specific information needed to run MOBILE6 and 

NONROAD. It also contains the list of pollutants and the ratios of HAPs, dioxins/furans, and 

some metals to various NONROAD and MOBILE6 outputs that are used to estimate inventories 

of these nonstandard pollutants. This database is in MySQL, an open source database 

management system that is available from www.mysql.com. The tables in the database are listed 

in Table 3-8. 
December 2008 

 29 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

 Table 3-8. Tables in the NMIM County Database (NCD) 

Table Contents 

BaseYearVMT VMT by year, county, M6VClass, and HPMSRoadType. 

County For each county, Federal Information Processing System (FIPS) codes for the county and 

State, altitude, beginning and end of ozone season, Stage 2 information, Natural Gas 

Vehicle (NGV) fraction file name 

CountyMap The representing county for each county, one for NONROAD and one for MOBILE6. 

CountyMonth Defines the set of possible county-month combinations. 

CountyMonthHour Monthly average hourly temperature and humidity table used if AUse yearly weather data@

is not selected or there is no data for the requested year in the CountyYearMonthHour 

table. 

County NRFile References to external NONROAD files pertaining to a county. 

CountyVMTMonth 

Allocation 

Mileage allocation factors for the 12 months of the year, by county. 

CountyYear Stage2 percent input to the NR model, plus external file references for MOBILE6 and NR.

CountyYearMonth Gasoline, diesel, and natural gas fuel IDs for each county for each year and month. 

CountyYearMonth 

Hour 

Historical hourly temperature and relative humidity. 

DataSource Defines datasource identifiers used in other tables. 

Diesel Diesel sulfur content associated with each diesel ID. 

EmissionType Associates emission types (exhaust, evap, brake, tire) with EmissionTypeID used in other 

tables 

FileType Defines the set of valid external files and their 3-character extensions. 

Gasoline Detailed fuel properties associated with each gasoline ID. 

Hour Defines the hour identifiers. 

HPMSRoadType Defines the 12 HPMS road type identifiers. 

M6VClass Defines the 28 vehicle classes used in MOBILE6. These are the valid combinations of 

M6Vtype and fuel. 

M6VType Defines the fuel-independent vehicle types used in MOBILE6. 

NaturalGas Natural gas sulfur content associated with each natural gas ID. 

PollutantCode Associates NIF pollutant codes and pollutant names with PollutantCodeID used in other 

tables. 

SCC Associates with each SCCID an SCC code and description, and ratios for NH3, PM25, 

and for converting between HC forms. 

SCCToxics SCC and fuel property-dependent ratios for calculating HAPs, dioxin/furans, and metals. 

State Associates State names and abbreviations with State FIPS codes used in other tables. 

VMTGrowth The annual VMT growth rate for a M6VClass by county and year. 

VMTMonth 

Allocation 

Factors for allocating annual VMT to the 12 months, by M6VType and HPMSRoadType, 

used if there are no county-specific values in CountyVMTMonthAllocation. 

3.2.2 Onroad VMT 

The NCD is populated with VMT data developed from information provided by the FHWA, as 

well as 2002 State-supplied VMT data grown to 2005. For 2005, a full VMT database 

developed from FHWA information at the county, roadway type, and vehicle type level of detail 

was first prepared. For States and local areas that submitted VMT data that were incorporated in 

the 2002 NEI, the 2002 NEI VMT data were grown to 2005 using growth factors developed from 

the FHWA data, and these grown VMT data replaced the baseline FHWA-based 2005 VMT 

data. Finally, the default 2005 VMT data were then replaced by State data where these data 

were supplied to EPA for the 2005 NEI effort. VMT data in the NCD is contained in the 

BaseYearVMT table. To use this table, the VMT data for a given county must contain records 
December 2008 

 30 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

for each of the 12 HPMS functional roadway types and the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes, for a 

total of 336 records in this table per county. The VMT data in the NMIM BaseYearVMT table 

is annual data in units of millions of miles. 

3.2.2.1 Annual 

3.2.2.1.1 Data Sources Used to Develop VMT 

The 2005 VMT database was developed using data supplied directly by FHWA and as well as 

publicly available data from FHWA’s Highway Statistics data series (FHWA, 2006). The 

FHWA data sets that were provided include the HPMS universe data, sample data, state data 

summaries for rural minor collector, rural local, and small urban local, and local daily VMT for 

urbanized areas (Rozycki, 2006). The Highway Statistics data used in the VMT development 

include: 

• Table VM-2, “Functional System Travel, Annual Vehicle-Miles,” 

• Table VM-1, “Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data by Highway 

Category and Vehicle Type,” and 

• Table HM-71, “Urbanized Areas, Miles and Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel.” 

Table VM-2 contains State-level summaries of miles of annual travel in each State by functional 

system and by rural and urban areas. Rural VMT is provided on a state level for the six HPMS 

rural functional roadway types: interstate, other principal arterial, minor arterial, major collector, 

minor collector, and local. Urban VMT is provided on a state level for the six HPMS urban 

roadway types: interstate, other freeways and expressways, other principal arterial, minor 

arterial, collector, and local. 

Table VM-1 provides annual VMT separated by rural and urban areas broken down into the 

following vehicle categories: passenger cars, motorcycles, buses, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicles, 

single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucks, and combination trucks. 

From the HPMS data tables, Pechan extracted daily VMT by urban area (areas with a population 

of 50,000 or more) and State in each of the six HPMS urban functional roadway categories. The 

resulting data is similar to that in Table HM-71 from Highway Statistics with the exception that 

Table HM-71 does not break down multi-state urban areas into the portion in each state. Pechan 

also calculated the year-specific roadway mileage by county and each of the 12 HPMS 

functional roadway classes from the HPMS data sets provided by FHWA. 

In addition to the FHWA data, the 2005 Census population estimates were used in developing 

the VMT database (USCB, 2006). The population file downloaded from this site was labeled 

“County population and estimated components of population change, all counties: April 1, 2000 

to July 1, 2005.” The breakdown of population within a county by urban, rural, and small urban 

designation is only available from the decennial census. Thus, the population ratios of urban, 

small urban, and rural population to total county population are based on data from the 2000 

Census, and are the same as those used in the 2002 NEI VMT development. These ratios are 
December 2008 

 31 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

multiplied by the year-specific county population data to estimate the urban, small urban, and 

rural populations in each county for 2005. 

3.2.2.1.2 How Does EPA Estimate VMT? 

The estimation of VMT is done by first developing a VMT database from the FHWA data and 

then replacing the FHWA-based VMT with State-based VMT grown to 2005 for States and local 

areas that supplied VMT data used in the 2002 NEI. The development of the FHWA-based 

VMT starts with State-level VMT totals for each year from Highway Statistics Table VM-2. The 

State-level VMT are then allocated by county, roadway type, and vehicle type. There are four 

basic steps in this process: (1) allocate state-level rural VMT by roadway type to 

county/roadway type level; (2) allocate large urban area VMT by roadway type to the 

county/roadway type level; (3) allocate remaining state-level small urban VMT by roadway type 

to the county/roadway type level; and (4) allocate county/roadway type level VMT to each of the 

28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes for each county and roadway type combination. Each of these 

steps is described in more detail in the following sections, followed by a discussion of the 

procedure for growing the State-based VMT. 

2002 Rural VMT Development

Rural Interstates 

Rural interstate VMT is allocated from the State level to the county level based on rural 

interstate roadway mileage. To estimate county-level VMT on rural interstates, EPA calculated 

each county=s fraction of the State’s total rural interstate roadway mileage and then multiplied 

that fraction by the State=s 2005 rural interstate VMT total from Table VM-2. Equation 1 shows 

this calculation. 

 VMT RI,C = VMT RI,S ∗ (MILRI,C / MILRI,S) (Eq. 1) 

where: VMTRI,C = Rural interstate VMT in county C (calculated) 

VMTRI,S = Rural interstate VMT, State total (Highway Statistics Table 

VM-2) 

MILRI,C = Rural interstate mileage in county C (FHWA) 

MILRI,S = Rural interstate mileage, State total (FWHA) 

Rural Local Roads 

For the rural local roadway type, VMT was allocated from the State to the county level using 

rural population to determine the allocation fractions. The 2005 rural population was first 

estimated at the county level by multiplying the Census Bureau’s year-specific county-level 

population estimates by the ratio of each county’s rural population from the 2000 Census to its 

total rural plus urban 2000 population. The rural local VMT at the county level was then 

calculated by multiplying the State’s rural local VMT total by the ratio of a county’s rural 

population to the State’s rural population. The equation used for this calculation is the same as 

Equation 1, but with rural interstate mileage replaced by rural population. 
December 2008 

 32 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Other Rural Roadway Types 

EPA allocated VMT for the remaining four rural roadway types (other principal arterials, minor 

arterials, major collectors, and minor collectors) from the State level to the county level using 

rural county population as the primary source of the VMT allocation. Additionally, VMT for a 

specific roadway type was distributed only to counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the 

specified roadway type, based on the roadway mileage file data from FHWA. Thus, rural 

population within a State was totaled individually for each of these four rural roadway types, 

including only population from counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway 

type. Equation 2 shows the equation used to calculate county-level VMT on rural roadway types 

other than rural interstates. 

 VMTRX,C = VMTRX,S ∗ (POPRX,C / POPRX,S) (Eq. 2) 

where: VMTRX,C = VMT on rural roadtype X in county C (calculated) 

VMTRX,S = VMT on rural roadtype X, State total (Highway Statistics Table 

VM-2) 

POPR,C = Rural population in county C with nonzero mileage from rural 

roadway type X (0 if zero mileage from rural roadway type X in 

county C) (Census) 

POPR,S = Rural population, State total of all counties with nonzero mileage 

from rural roadway type X (Census) 

2002 Urban Area VMT Development 

The procedure for developing urban area VMT at the county and road type level involves 

allocating the FHWA State/urban area VMT data to the county level using the Census data on 

urban area population by county as well as the FHWA roadway mileage data by county and road 

type. The FHWA urban area VMT data are in units of average daily miles. These data are first 

converted to millions of annual miles to be consistent with the Table VM-2 State-level data by 

multiplying the urban area VMT data by 365 and dividing by 1,000,000. 

The urban area population contributed by each of the counties contained at least in part by the 

urban area is prepared only for the decennial censuses. Therefore, fractions were calculated 

from the year 2000 population data of the ratio of the county population in each State/urban area 

combination to the total State/urban area population for each State/urban area. As shown in 

Equation 3, each county’s share of a State/urban area’s VMT were calculated by distributing 

urban area VMT from the HPMS State/urban area VMT data based on the fraction of the urban 

area’s population contained in a given county. As with the rural VMT allocations, VMT for a 

specific roadway type is distributed only to counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the 

specified roadway type, based on the HPMS roadway mileage data. Thus, the county-level 

State/urban population fractions are divided by the total State/urban area population fraction 

from counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type. For the urban local 

roadway category, VMT is distributed strictly by urban population, assuming that all counties 

with urban populations have mileage in the urban local roadway category. 
December 2008 

 33 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

 VMTX,C = VMTX,A ∗ (POPX,C / POPX,A) (Eq. 3) 

where: VMTX,C = State/urban area A=s VMT on roadway type X in county C 

(calculated) 

VMTX,S = Total of State/urban area A=s VMT on roadway type X (FHWA) 

POPX,C = State/urban area A=s population fraction in county C with nonzero 

mileage from urban roadway type X (Census) 

POPX,A = State/urban area A=s total population fraction from all counties 

with nonzero mileage from urban roadway type X (Census) 

2002 Small Urban VMT Development 

The urban VMT included in Table VM-2 of Highway Statistics 2002 accounts for VMT from 

both urban (population greater than 50,000) and small urban areas. Thus, small urban VMT is 

calculated by subtracting the urban VMT, calculated as discussed above, from the urban VMT 

totals in Table VM-2. First, the resultant annual VMT for urban areas was totaled by State and 

roadway type and was then subtracted from the total urban VMT by State and roadway type 

reported in Table VM-2. This calculation results in small urban VMT by State and roadway 

type. 

To allocate the small urban VMT to the county level, EPA first estimated the county-level 

population in small urban areas. The Census 2000 urban area population from Census-defined 

urban areas was totaled by county to determine the population in each county falling in the 

Census-defined urban areas. This population was then subtracted from the Census total urban 

population for each county in 2000. The small urban population fraction was then calculated for 

each county as the ratio of the county small urban county population to the total county 

population. These 2000 small urban population fractions by county were then multiplied by the 

2005 county-level population to estimate 2005 small urban population. Finally, each county=s 

small urban population was calculated as a fraction of the total State’s small urban population to 

use in allocating the small urban VMT from the State to the county level. 

As with the rural and urban VMT allocations, the small urban VMT for a specific roadway type 

was distributed only to counties with nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type, 

based on the FHWA roadway mileage data. Thus, the county-level State/small urban population 

fractions are divided by the total State/small urban population fraction from counties with 

nonzero roadway mileage of the specified roadway type. For the small urban local roadway 

category, VMT is distributed strictly by small urban population, assuming that all counties with 

small urban populations have mileage in the urban local roadway category. Equation 4 shows 

the equation used to calculate county-level VMT on small urban roadway types. 
December 2008 

 34 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

 VMTSX,C = VMTSX,S ∗ (POPSX,C / POPSX,S ) (Eq. 4) 

where: VMTSX,C = VMT on small urban roadtype X in county C (calculated) 

VMTSX,S = VMT on small urban roadtype X, State total (obtained by 

subtracting large urban VMT from total urban VMT from Highway 

Statistics Table VM-2) 

POPSX,C = Small urban population fraction in county C with nonzero mileage 

from urban roadway type X (Census data) (0 if zero mileage from 

urban roadway type X in county C) 

POPSX,S = State=s small urban population fraction total from all counties with 

nonzero mileage from urban roadway type X (Census data) 

3.2.2.1.3 2002 VMT Allocation by Vehicle Type 

In order to be compatible with the VMT data contained in the NMIM National County Database, 

the 2005 VMT must be allocated to the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types for each county and roadway 

type. This allocation was done for each year using the distribution of the VMT among the six 

HPMS vehicle types found in Table VM-1 of FHWA’s Highway Statistics for each year and a 

mapping of these HPMS vehicle categories to the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types. First, the VMT 

totals for each of the six HPMS vehicle categories (passenger cars, motorcycles, other 2-axle 4-

tire vehicles, single unit 2-axle 6-tire or more trucks, combination trucks, and buses) were 

calculated as a fraction of the total VMT. This calculation was performed separately for five 

groups of roadway classes. The resulting 2005 HPMS VMT fractions for each roadway class 

group are shown in Table 3-9. Next, each of the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types was assigned to one 

of the 6 HPMS vehicle categories, as shown in Table 3-10. This table also provides mapping of 

MOBILE6 vehicle classes to the eight MOBILE5 vehicle classes and the 12 SCC-level vehicle 

categories. Using the default year-specific MOBILE6 VMT fractions presented in Table 3-11, 

the MOBILE6 VMT fractions for all of the MOBILE6 vehicle types within a given HPMS 

vehicle category were renormalized so that the total of the renormalized VMT fractions from all 

of the MOBILE6 vehicle types within an HPMS vehicle category would be 1. Then the HPMS 

VMT fractions for each roadway group were separately multiplied by the renormalized 

MOBILE6 VMT fractions for all MOBILE6 vehicle types included within a given HPMS 

vehicle category. 

For example, Table 3-10 shows that the HPMS Passenger Car vehicle category includes the 

MOBILE6 LDGV and LDDV vehicle types. Therefore, the default 2005 MOBILE6 VMT 

fraction for LDGVs (0.415795 in 2005) was renormalized by dividing it by the sum of the 

LDGV and LDDV default 2005 MOBILE6 VMT fractions (0.416352 in 2005). This number 

(0.415795/0.416352 or 0.998662) was then multiplied by the HPMS VMT fraction for Passenger 

Cars (0.473242 for rural interstates). This resulted in a LDGV VMT fraction of 0.472608 and 

LDDV VMT fraction of 0.000633 on rural interstates.
 

 35 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mob

Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-9. HPMS 2005 VMT Fractions by Road Types and Vehicle Categories 

Road Type 

Passenger 

Cars Motorcycles Buses 

Other 2-

Axle 4-

Tire 

Vehicles 

SingleUnit 2-Axle 

6-Tire or 

More 

Trucks 

Rural Interstate 0.473242 0.005537 0.003750 0.317665 0.029980 Rural Other Principal Arterial Rural Minor Arterial 0.521711 0.003536 0.002409 0.371768 0.035350 Rural Major Collector Rural Minor Collector Rural Local 

0.548301 0.004271 0.004360 0.367183 0.038705 

Urban Interstate 0.553440 0.004896 0.002055 0.354199 0.022367 Urban Other Freeways and Expressways Urban Other Principal Arterial Urban Minor Arterial Urban Collector Urban Local 

0.601088 0.002702 0.001412 0.352926 0.021652 
December 2008 

 36 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-10. Mapping of HPMS Vehicle Categories to MOBILE6, MOBILE5, and 

SCC-Level Vehicle Classes 

HPMS Vehicle Category 

MOBILE6 

Vehicle Classes

SCC-Level 

Vehicle Classes 

MOBILE5 

Vehicle Classes 

Passenger Cars LDGV LDGV (2201001) LDGV 

LDDV LDDV (2230001) LDDV 

Motorcycles MC MC (2201080) MC 

LDGT1 

LDGT2 

LDGT1 (2201020) LDGT1 

LDGT3 

LDGT4 

LDGT2 (2201040) LDGT2 

LDDT12 

LDDT34 

LDDT (2230060) LDDT 

HDGV2B HDGV (2201070) HDGV 

Other 2-Axle 4-Tire 

Vehicles 

HDDV2B 2BHDDV (2230071) HDDV 

HDGV3 

HDGV4 

HDGV5 

HDGV6 

HDGV7 

HDGV (2201070) HDGV 

HDDV3 

HDDV4 

HDDV5 

LHDDV (2230072) HDDV 

Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Tire or 

More Trucks 

HDDV6 

HDDV7 

MHDDV (2230073) HDDV 

HDGV8A 

HDGV8B 

Combination Trucks HDGV (2201070) HDGV 

HDDV8A 

HDDV8B 

HHDDV (2230074) HDDV 

Buses HDGB HDGV (2201070) HDGV 

HDDBT 

HDDBS 

BUS (2230075) HDDV 
December 2008 

 37 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-11. VMT Fractions by MOBILE6 Vehicle Categories 

Vehicle VMT Fractions 

No. 

Vehicle 

Category 2003 2004 2005 

1 LDGV 0.442395 0.428586 0.415795 

2 LDGT1 0.073794 0.076069 0.078241 

3 LDGT2 0.245658 0.253227 0.260463 

4 LDGT3 0.075257 0.077564 0.079773 

5 LDGT4 0.034606 0.035668 0.036686 

6 HDGV2B 0.029423 0.029643 0.029718 

7 HDGV3 0.001045 0.001050 0.001052 

8 HDGV4 0.000479 0.000454 0.000430 

9 HDGV5 0.001143 0.001130 0.001115 

10 HDGV6 0.002447 0.002407 0.002365 

11 HDGV7 0.001086 0.001042 0.001008 

12 HDGV8A 0.000004 0.000003 0.000003 

13 HDGV8B 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 

14 LDDV 0.000660 0.000587 0.000557 

15 LDDT12 0.000189 0.000186 0.000192 

16 HDDV2B 0.009302 0.009273 0.009221 

17 HDDV3 0.002798 0.002802 0.002797 

18 HDDV4 0.002552 0.002619 0.002671 

19 HDDV5 0.001156 0.001195 0.001226 

20 HDDV6 0.006131 0.006245 0.006316 

21 HDDV7 0.009045 0.009172 0.009229 

22 HDDV8A 0.011058 0.011116 0.011128 

23 HDDV8B 0.039409 0.039632 0.039694 

24 MC 0.005918 0.005815 0.005745 

25 HDGB 0.000440 0.000400 0.000336 

26 HDDBT 0.000943 0.000939 0.000941 

27 HDDBS 0.001511 0.001566 0.001631 

28 LDDT34 0.001551 0.001609 0.001666 

Table 3-12 lists the resulting VMT fractions for 2005 for each of the MOBILE6 vehicle types 

and each of the five roadway groups from Table VM-1 of Highway Statistics. Finally, each of 

the VMT records in the 2005 VMT data base, at the state/county/roadway type level of detail 

was then multiplied by the fraction of VMT in each of the corresponding MOBILE6 vehicle type 

categories to obtain total annual VMT at the state/county/roadway type/MOBILE6 vehicle type 

level. 
December 2008 

 38 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-12. Allocation of VMT from HPMS Vehicle Categories to 

MOBILE6 Vehicle Classes for 2005 

HPMS Vehicle 

Category 

MOBILE6 

Vehicle 

Classes 

Rural 

Interstates 

Rural 

Arterials 

Rural 

Other 

Urban 

Interstates 

Urban 

Other 

Passenger LDGV 0.472608 0.521013 0.546521 0.553338 0.600284 

Cars LDDV 0.000633 0.000698 0.000732 0.000741 0.000804 

Motorcycles MC 0.005537 0.003536 0.004263 0.004901 0.002702 

LDGT1 0.050114 0.058649 0.057815 0.055942 0.055676 

LDGT2 0.166828 0.195241 0.192465 0.186229 0.185346 

LDGT3 0.051095 0.059797 0.058947 0.057037 0.056767 

LDGT4 0.023498 0.027500 0.027109 0.026230 0.026106 

LDDT12 0.000123 0.000144 0.000142 0.000137 0.000137 

LDDT34 0.001067 0.001249 0.001231 0.001191 0.001186 

HDGV2B 0.019035 0.022276 0.021960 0.021248 0.021147 

Other 2-Axle 4-

Tire Vehicles 

HDDV2B 0.005906 0.006912 0.006814 0.006593 0.006562 

HDGV3 0.001118 0.001318 0.001441 0.000835 0.000807 

HDGV4 0.000457 0.000539 0.000589 0.000341 0.000330 

HDGV5 0.001185 0.001397 0.001527 0.000885 0.000856 

HDGV6 0.002513 0.002964 0.003239 0.001877 0.001815 

HDGV7 0.001071 0.001263 0.001380 0.000800 0.000774 

HDDV3 0.002973 0.003505 0.003830 0.002220 0.002147 

HDDV4 0.002839 0.003347 0.003658 0.002120 0.002050 

HDDV5 0.001303 0.001536 0.001679 0.000973 0.000941 

HDDV6 0.006712 0.007915 0.008649 0.005014 0.004848 

Single-Unit 2-

Axle 6-Tire or 

More Trucks 

HDDV7 0.009808 0.011565 0.012639 0.007326 0.007084 

HDGV8A 0.000010 0.000004 0.000002 0.000004 0.000001 

HDGV8B 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 

HDDV8A 0.037183 0.014281 0.008125 0.013819 0.004427 

Combination 

Trucks 

HDDV8B 0.132634 0.050941 0.028982 0.049293 0.015793 

HDGB 0.000433 0.000278 0.000503 0.000238 0.000163 

HDDBT 0.001214 0.000780 0.001408 0.000666 0.000457 

Buses 

HDDBS 0.002103 0.001351 0.004352 0.000000 0.000792 

Total 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 

3.2.2.1.4 How Were 2002 State VMT Estimates Incorporated into the 2005 NEI? 

For the final version of the 2002 NEI, a number of State and local agencies submitted 2002 VMT 

data that were accepted by EPA for incorporation into the NEI. Table 3-13 lists the States that 

submitted VMT. Unless a specific county is listed, VMT data were submitted for all counties. 

Otherwise, VMT data were submitted only for the county listed. For a complete description of 

procedures used to incorporate State-supplied VMT into the 2002 NEI, see EPA, 2007b. For 

these States and counties, the 2002 VMT data from the 2002 Final NEI, as contained in the 2002 

NMIM National County Database (NCD20060201) Base Year VMT table, were projected to 

2005. 
December 2008 

 39 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-13. List of States or Counties with State or 

Locally-Provided VMT in the 2002 NEI 

State County 

Alabama 

Arizona Maricopa County 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District of Columbia 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Iowa 

Kentucky Jefferson County 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska Lancaster County 

Nevada 

New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia 

Pechan developed VMT growth factors based on the FHWA-based VMT data files developed as 

described above for 2005. A comparable file prepared earlier for 2002 was also used. The 

growth factors were calculated at the State, county, vehicle type, and road type level of detail by 

dividing the year 2005 VMT value by the corresponding 2002 VMT value, all from the FHWAbased VMT databases. Next, each VMT value from the 2002 NMIM National County Database 

BaseYearVMT that was based on State or locally-provided data was multiplied by the 

corresponding growth factor at the state, county, road type, and MOBILE6 vehicle type level. 
December 2008 

 40 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

In cases where the growth factor was calculated to be 0, the 2002 NMIM NCD VMT was 

multiplied by a factor of 1. In cases where the growth factors are not equal to zero and the 2002 

NMIM NCD VMT are equal to zero, the projected VMT values are reported as 0. 

Table 3-14 provides sample data for projecting 2002 State-provided VMT to 2005. The data 

presented in these tables are based on Kent County, Delaware, VMT data for vehicle categories 

LDGV, HDGV2B, and LDDT34. 

 

3.2.2.1.5 How were 2005 State VMT Estimates Incorporated in the NEI 

For the 2005 NEI, 2005 VMT data were submitted in several different formats. Several States 

submitted VMT data in the NMIM BaseYearVMT table format. Others supplied VMT at the 

8 or 12 vehicle type level. Therefore, EPA developed procedures to expand all of the VMT data 

to the 28 vehicle type and 12 roadway type level of detail. The procedures followed to expand 

the VMT for all of these States to the 28 vehicle type level and 12 roadway type level are 

discussed below. 

Expanding State/Local VMT to the 28 Vehicle Classes

In nearly all cases the vehicle class information available from measurements of VMT, such as 

those obtained from the HPMS or State departments of transportation, are not as detailed as used 

by NMIM. The vehicle classifications used in NMIM are the same as used in the MOBILE6 

output (see Table 3-5b). 

EPA guidance (“Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6 for Emission Inventory 

Preparation,” January 2002, Section 4.1 (EPA, 2002a)) allows the use of the VMT distribution 

calculated by MOBILE6 to be used to disaggregate local VMT information into more 

disaggregate vehicle classifications. However, the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle classes must be 

mapped unambiguously to the more aggregate eight MOBILE5 or 12 SCC level vehicle types. 

Table 3-15 shows the mapping of the MOBILE6 classes to the eight or 12 vehicle classifications. 
 

 41 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mob

Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-14. Calculation and Application of 2002 to 2005 Growth Factors for an Examp

FHWA VMT 

State County 

Class 

No. Road Type 

MOBILE6 

Vehicle 

Type 2002 2005 

NMIM 

County 

Database 

2002 VMT 

DE Kent County 11 Rural Interstate LDDT34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0608 DE Kent County 13 Rural Other Principal Arterial LDDT34 0.5696 0.4891 1.0873 DE Kent County 15 Rural Minor Arterial LDDT34 0.1593 0.1185 0.2511 DE Kent County 17 Rural Major Collector LDDT34 0.2460 0.2242 0.3925 DE Kent County 19 Rural Minor Collector LDDT34 0.0399 0.0412 0.0199 DE Kent County 21 Rural Local LDDT34 0.2206 0.1549 0.0711 DE Kent County 23 Urban Interstate LDDT34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 DE Kent County 25 Urban Other Freeways and Expressway LDDT34 0.0987 0.1209 0.1286 DE Kent County 27 Urban Other Principal Arterial LDDT34 0.1071 0.3001 0.1464 DE Kent County 29 Urban Minor Arterial LDDT34 0.2164 0.3876 0.2439 DE Kent County 31 Urban Collector LDDT34 0.1237 0.1711 0.0765 DE Kent County 33 Urban Local LDDT34 0.0995 0.2451 0.0054 
December 2008 

 42 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-15. Mapping of MOBILE6 to MOBILE5 Vehicle Classes 

MOBILE5 8 

Vehicle Classes 

SCC-Level 12 Vehicle 

Classes 

MOBILE6 

Vehicle Class 

MOBILE6 Vehicle 

Class Code 

LDGV LDGV (2201001) LDGV 1 

LDGT1 LDGT1 (2201020) LDGT1 2 

LDGT2 3 

LDGT2 LDGT2 (2201040) LDGT3 4 

LDGT4 5 

HDGV2B 6 

HDGV3 7 

HDGV4 8 

HDGV5 9 

HDGV6 10 

HDGV7 11 

HDGV8A 12 

HDGV8B 13 

HDGV HDGV (2201070) 

HDGB 25 

MC MC (2201080) MC 24 

LDDV LDDV (2230001) LDDV 14 

LDDT LDDT (2230060) LDDT12 15 

LDDT34 28 

2BHDDV (2230071) HDDV2B 16 

HDDV3 17 

HDDV4 18 

LHDDV (2230072) 

HDDV5 19 

MHDDV (2230073) HDDV6 20 

HDDV7 21 

HHDDV (2230074) HDDV8A 22 

HDDV8B 23 

HDDBT 26 

HDDV 

BUS (2230075) 

HDDBS 27 

Next, the fractions of each MOBILE5 or SCC-level vehicle type represented by each MOBILE6 

class is calculated. For clarity, the calculated fractions are referred to here as “factors” and the 

original VMT fractions as “fractions.” This factor is the MOBILE6 VMT fraction divided by the 

sum of all MOBILE6 VMT fractions which are mapped into that MOBILE5 or SCC-level 

vehicle type to which the each MOBILE6 VMT fraction belongs. For example, the representing 

factor for LDGV, LDDV and MC are one, since there is only one MOBILE6 vehicle class 

(themselves) in the corresponding MOBILE5 class in which they belong. The MOBILE6 

LDGT1 fraction would be divided by the sum of the MOBILE6 LDGT1 and LDGT2 fractions, 

which both belong to the MOBILE5 LDGT1 category to give the LDGT1 factor. Each 

MOBILE6 class fraction mapped to the MOBILE5 HDDV category would be divided by the 

sum of the MOBILE6 fractions from all ten of the classes mapped to that MOBILE5 category. 

When completed, there will be 28 factors. The value of the sum of the factors within each 

MOBILE5 category will be one, when starting with data at the 8 MOBILE5 vehicle class level. 

The factors are applied to the eight VMT values corresponding to each of the eight MOBILE5 

vehicle classifications or to the 12 VMT values corresponding the each of the 12 SCC-level 
December 2008 

 43 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

vehicle classifications. This divides the VMT in each of the MOBILE5 or SCC-level classes to 

the MOBILE6 classes that make it up. When completed, the total VMT sum of all 28 vehicle 

classes will be the same as the total VMT sum from the original eight VMT values. 

Expanding State/Local VMT by Roadway Type

As mentioned above, several State or local agencies supplied VMT data that was not allocated 

by roadway type. In these cases, EPA relied on the VMT data from the 2005 NEI Version 1 to 

allocate the VMT by roadway type to develop ratios of VMT by roadway type for each county 

and vehicle type. These ratios were then used to allocate the VMT data developed as discussed 

above to the 12 roadway types. 

3.2.2.2 Monthly Allocation 

The table CountyVMTMonthAllocation within the NCD provides the ability to supply NMIM 

with monthly temporal allocation factors. If these data are supplied, the allocation factors must 

be specified by the 28 vehicle types, 12 roadway types, and for each month of the year. State or 

local data were supplied by Delaware, Maryland, Minnesota, Utah, and Washington for these 

monthly temporal allocation factors. In some cases, the data supplied by the State agencies was 

replicated by EPA to include the appropriate coverage in NMIM. For example, if a State 

supplied monthly temporal allocation factors with corresponding county, road type, and month 

codes, but no vehicle type codes, the monthly factors were replicated so that the same data would 

be provided for each vehicle type corresponding to the county, road type, and month provided by 

the State. 

The table CountyVMTMonthAllocation within the NCD contains the NMIM default values for 

the monthly temporal allocation factors. Annual VMT data are temporally allocated to months 

within the NMIM code using defaults if no data are included in the NMIM 

CountyVMTMonthAllocation table. EPA uses seasonal 1985 National Acid Precipitation 

Assessment Program (NAPAP) temporal allocation factors (EPA, 1990) to apportion the VMT to 

the four seasons. Monthly VMT data are then obtained by using a ratio between the number of 

days in a month and the number of days in the corresponding season. These temporal factors are 

shown in Table 3-16. 
 

 44 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mob

Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-16. NMIM Default VMT Seasonal and Monthly Temporal Allocation Fact

Roadway Seasonal VMT Factors 

Vehicle Type Type Winter Spring Summer FallLDV, LDT, MC Rural 0.2160 0.2390 0.2890 0.2560LDV, LDT, MC Urban 0.2340 0.2550 0.2650 0.2450HDV All 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500

Monthly VMT Factors 

Vehicle Type Roadway Type Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep LDV, LDT, MC Rural 7.44 6.72 8.05 7.79 8.05 9.42 9.74 9.75 8.44 LDV, LDT, MC Urban 8.06 7.28 8.6 8.33 8.6 8.65 8.94 8.94 8.09 HDV All 8.62 7.78 8.42 8.15 8.42 8.15 8.42 8.42 8.24 
December 2008 

 45 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.2.3 Fuel Properties 

NMIM contains average gasoline, diesel and natural gas fuel properties for each month of 

calendar year 2005. Each county may have different fuel properties from other counties in the 

State, as reflected in the CountyYearMonth table of the NCD. For Version 2 of the 2005 NEI, 

several States provided information to update fuel properties for their counties. 

3.2.3.1 Gasoline 

The same gasoline fuel properties are used for both onroad and nonroad inventories. The fuel 

properties stored in the Gasoline table include: 

$ Average RVP 

$ Average sulfur content 

$ Maximum sulfur content 

$ RVP waiver flag indicating whether a waiver has been granted to allow splash 

blending of alcohol-based oxygenates that allows alcohol-based oxygenated fuels to 

exceed the RVP requirements by up to 1 pound per square inch (psi) 

$ Ethanol (ETOH) percent (by volume) of ethanol blended gasolines 

$ Ethanol blend market share

$ MTBE (percent (by volume) of ether blended gasolines 

$ MTBE blend market share 

$ ETBE (Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether) percent (by volume) of ether blended gasolines 

$ ETBE blend market share 

$ TAME (Tertiary Amyl Methyl Ether) percent (by volume) of ether blended 

gasolines 

$ TAME blend market share 

$ Aromatic content 

$ Olefin content 

$ Benzene content 

$ E200 (vapor percentage of gasoline at 200 degrees Fahrenheit) 

$ E300 (vapor percentage of gasoline at 300 degrees Fahrenheit) 

$ Reformulated gasoline (RFG) flag 

For the 2005 NEI Version 1, the gasoline properties were derived from several surveys 

including: 

$ EPA=s “2005 Reformulated Gasoline Properties Survey Data” (EPA, 2005a) 

$ 2005 Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (AAM) survey (AAM, 2005) 

$ EPA=s “Reformulated Gasoline and Anti-Dumping Regulation Batch Reports” (EPA, 

2005b) 

$ U.S. DOE’s Energy Information Administration’s Petroleum Supply Annual 2005 

(DOE, 2005) 

The fuel properties of gasoline are currently being measured regularly in national surveys in both 

summer and winter. There are also studies that track the total amount of ethanol produced for 
December 2008 

 46 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

use in gasoline each year. The properties of Reformulated Gasoline sold in areas which are 

federally required to have them are measured each year. In addition, the fuel properties of all 

gasoline produced and imported by refineries are reported annually to EPA. This information 

can be used to estimate the expected average gasoline properties in a given historical calendar 

year. Using this information combined with information about the distribution of gasoline to and 

from Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADDs) in combination with the city 

specific surveys, the average gasoline properties in each county can be estimated. 

Details of how the fuel survey data were applied to individual States and counties are described 

in the report, “Process for Utilizing Survey Data to Determine County Specific Gasoline 

Properties” (EPA, 2008). 

For the 2005 NEI, changes were made to gasoline IDs in some of the counties in the following 

States: 

• Maine (FIPSStateID=23) 

• Maryland (24) 

• Michigan (26) 

• Wisconsin (55) 

Below is a brief description of the changes in the fuel specifications provided by States for the 

2005 NEI. 

Maine (23) 

Gasoline formulations were updated for all six gasoline descriptions used in the state of Maine. 

A couple of month-specific RVP changes were made, and parameters used for air toxics 

modeling were changed. These changes were made based on information from a report entitled, 

“2005 Maine Fuels Report and Status of MTBE Ban Report.” 

Maryland (24) 

Gasoline formulations for both onroad and nonroad engines were updated based on data 

provided by Maryland for counties in RFG areas. This change affected gasoline properties for 

14 counties in the State. In addition, diesel sulfur levels for onroad engines were updated for all 

counties using existing diesel fuel profiles and eight additional profiles added by Maryland (see 

discussion of diesel sulfur defaults in Section 3.2.3.2). 

Michigan (26) 

Gasoline formulations for nonroad engines were updated based on data provided by Michigan 

for all counties. 
December 2008 

 47 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Wisconsin (55) 

Gasoline formulations for nonroad engines were revised for all counties in the State. For the six 

counties with RFG programs (Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington and 

Waukesha Counties), May through October RVP values were updated. In addition, year-round 

values for gasoline sulfur, ETOH, Aromatic Content, Olefin Content, Benzene Content, E200 

and E300 were revised. For all other counties in Wisconsin, these same values were updated, in 

addition to the presumed market share for ETOH and MTBE. 

3.2.3.2 Diesel and Natural Gas 

For diesel fuel and natural gas, the only fuel property stored is sulfur content, in the Diesel and 

Natural Gas tables of the NCD, respectively. 

3.2.3.2.1 Diesel Sulfur Contents for Onroad Vehicles 

For the final 2002 NEI, OTAQ developed diesel sulfur content values for each State based on 

2000 January and July diesel fuel sulfur content data obtained for a number of survey cities from 

the AAMA fuel surveys done each calendar year in the January and July (AAM, 2002). The 

same values were used for 2005. 

The January sulfur data were applied in the winter months (December, January, and February) 

and the July sulfur data were applied in the summer months (June, July, and August). For the 

remaining months, the average of the January and July sulfur content values were applied. 

Table 3-17 lists the diesel fuel survey cities and the 2000 winter and summer diesel sulfur values 

obtained for these cities, along with the spring and fall sulfur values calculated from the winter 

and summer data. 

The method for mapping fuel values follows the basic procedure that EPA developed for 

allocating RVP that is described in previous Trends/NEI report (EPA, 2004a). The method is 

based on assigning a single set of monthly fuel sulfur data to each State, either from a single 

survey city which represents the State or from the weighted average of nearby cities. The same 

set of fuel values for the State is then assigned to every county in the State in the NCD. 

Table 3-18 shows the weighting from each of the survey cities in a given State. Note that the 

diesel fuel survey includes fewer cities than the Alliance gasoline surveys. Thus, there are 

several surrogate city assignments from the original RVP work that have no matching surveyed 

city in the diesel sulfur data. In these cases, the average values from all of the surveyed cities 

were used. These values are shown in Table 3-17 in the row labeled AAverage US.@ 

For example, Table 3-18 shows that two of the survey cities would be mapped to Alabama--city 

2 (Atlanta) gets a weight of 3 and city 16 (Average U.S.) gets a weight of 1. Therefore, 

Alabama=s diesel sulfur would be calculated by the following equation: 

((3 * Atlanta diesel sulfur content) + (1 * Average US diesel sulfur content))/(3+1)
December 2008 

 48 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-17. Survey Cities and 2000 Diesel Sulfur Values 

2000 Diesel Fuel Sulfur Content (ppm) Survey 

City Index Survey City Winter Summer Fall and Spring 

1 Albuquerque, NM 330 300 315 

2 Atlanta, GA 340 400 370 

4 Billings, MT 330 300 315 

5 Boston, MA 340 400 370 

6 Chicago, IL 350 400 375 

7 Cleveland, OH 320 300 310 

9 Denver, CO 360 400 380 

10 Detroit, MI 350 400 375 

11 Kansas City, MO 370 400 385 

13 Los Angeles, CA 120 100 110 

14 Miami, FL 360 400 380 

15 Minneapolis/St. Paul 290 300 295 

17 New York City, NY 340 300 320 

18 Philadelphia, PA 280 300 290 

21 San Antonio, TX 400 300 350 

23 Seattle, WA 300 300 300 

24 St. Louis, MO 320 300 310 

All others Average US 324 329 326 

Table 3-18. City Mapping and Weights for Diesel Sulfur 

State 

Abbreviation State FIPS City Index Weight 

AL 1 2 3 

AL 1 16 1 

AK 2 26 2 

AZ 4 19 1 

AR 5 24 1 

CA 6 13 5 

CO 8 9 5 

CT 9 5 2 

CT 9 17 1 

DE 10 18 2 

DC 11 25 1 

FL 12 14 3 

GA 13 2 2 

HI 15 27 1 

ID 16 4 1 

ID 16 23 1 

IL 17 6 1 
December 2008 

 49 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

State 

Abbreviation State FIPS City Index Weight 

IL 17 24 1 

IL 17 24 1 

IN 18 6 1 

IN 18 7 7 

IA 19 15 1 

KS 20 11 1 

KY 21 2 1 

KY 21 6 1 

KY 21 7 6 

KY 21 24 1 

KY 21 28 1 

LA 22 16 3 

ME 23 5 6 

ME 23 28 1 

MD 24 18 2 

MD 24 25 2 

MA 25 5 5 

MI 26 10 4 

MN 27 15 2 

MS 28 24 1 

MO 29 11 1 

MO 29 24 1 

MT 30 4 2 

NE 31 11 1 

NE 31 15 1 

NV 32 12 1 

NV 32 22 1 

NH 33 5 3 

NJ 34 17 1 

NJ 34 18 2 

NJ 34 28 1 

NM 35 1 1 

NY 36 17 2 

NY 36 28 7 

NC 37 2 5 

ND 38 15 1 

OH 39 7 10 

OH 39 10 1 

OH 39 28 1 

OK 40 11 1 

OK 40 24 1 

OR 41 22 2 
December 2008 

 50 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

State 

Abbreviation State FIPS City Index Weight 

OR 41 23 2 

PA 42 7 2 

PA 42 18 2 

PA 42 28 8 

RI 44 5 1 

SC 45 2 5 

SD 46 15 1 

TN 47 2 4 

TN 47 24 1 

TX 48 1 1 

TX 48 16 2 

TX 48 16 2 

TX 48 21 1 

UT 49 9 2 

VT 50 15 1 

VA 51 2 2 

VA 51 25 3 

WA 53 23 4 

WV 54 7 4 

WV 54 28 3 

WI 55 6 4 

WI 55 15 7 

WY 56 4 1 

WY 56 9 1 

PR 72 14 1 

VI 78 14 1 

The weight numbers were originally determined based on a list that OTAQ derived which 

mapped Alliance survey cities to each non-attainment area in the country, as well as some 

additional metropolitan areas. The weight for a given survey city was determined by adding up 

the number of areas in the State that had that survey city mapped to it. 

3.2.3.2.2 Diesel Sulfur Contents for Nonroad Vehicles 

For nonroad engines, the version of NMIM used for the 2005 NEI reflects a difference in the 

sulfur content of diesel fuel used by recreational marine engines compared to the sulfur content 

of diesel fuel used by other nonroad engines in the county. For California, a 120 ppm diesel 

sulfur content, much lower than the national average, was assumed for nonroad engines in all 

counties. Diesel sulfur values by category and by State are listed in Table 3-19. These values 

are based on the regulatory impact analyses performed for the Clean Air Diesel Rule (EPA, 

2004b). 
December 2008 

 51 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-19. Nonroad Diesel Sulfur Levels by Category and by State 

State 

Land-Based Diesel 

Equipment 

Fuel Sulfur Level, 

ppm 

Recreational Marine 

Diesel Equipment 

Fuel Sulfur Level, 

ppm 

Alaska 2570 2570 

California 120 120 

Hawaii 2381 2421 

All Other States 2457 2765

3.2.3.2.3 Natural Gas Sulfur Content 

The sulfur content of natural gas was assumed to be 30 ppm in both Version 1 and 2 of the 2005 

NEI inventories. 

3.2.4 Environmental Data 

Environmental data are the parameters that affect emissions which are a property of the 

environment in which the source is operated. The environmental parameters used in the 

modeling of mobile sources are ambient temperature, humidity and altitude. 

3.2.4.1 Temperature and Humidity 

MOBILE6 allows daily temperatures to be supplied as either minimum and maximum 

temperatures (as in MOBILE5) or as hourly average temperatures. However, since MOBILE6 

calculates emissions separately for each hour of the day, user supplied minimum and maximum 

temperatures are used to internally derive hourly temperatures, using a default diurnal 

temperature profile, for use by MOBILE6. MOBILE6 also allows the entry of hourly relative 

humidity levels. The NOx emission results from MOBILE6 are sensitive to humidity levels, and 

hourly humidity levels are the most accurate way to represent daily humidity. Therefore, NMIM 

requires that each county have both hourly average temperatures and hourly relative humidity 

values for each month of the year. 

Temperature and relative humidity are linked, since the value of relative humidity is in units of 

percent, which depends on the temperature. The NCD contains a full set of default hourly 

average temperatures and hourly relative humidity values for each county for each month. These 

temperature and humidity values were derived from raw measurement data obtained from the 

National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The NCDC data were obtained from stations of all 

classifications, including First-Order (National Weather Service), Second-Order (both 

Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and Automated Weather Observing System 

(AWOS)), and cooperative (local). 
December 2008 

 52 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Population centroids (latitude and longitude) for each county were obtained from the 2000 U.S. 

Census. Population, rather than geographic, centroids were used to provide a reasonable 

estimate of where the county=s vehicle miles traveled and nonroad activity would be 

concentrated. From each county=s centroid, EPA calculated the distance and direction to each 

weather station. The distance was computed using the standard great circle navigation method 

and the constant course direction was computed using the standard rhumb line method. A rhumb 

line is a line on a sphere that cuts all meridians at the same angle; for example, the path taken by 

a ship or plane that maintains a constant compass direction. For each of the eight compass 

directions (octant), the stations were sorted by distance. The station closest to the centroid for 

each octant was chosen for further processing. If the closest station was more than 200 miles 

away, that octant was ignored. (Such situations occurred near the oceans and the along the 

Canadian and Mexican borders.) The temperatures from these eight (or fewer) stations were 

then averaged together using inverse-distance weighting to produce an average county 

temperature for each hour of the day. 

Relative humidity is a calculated value that depends on both temperature and dew point. 

Average hourly dew points were computed employing the same octal search, inverse-distance 

weighting scheme as used for temperature. The relative humidity was then computed from the 

resulting hourly temperature and dew point pairs. 

The daily temperature and dew point averages for each hour were then used to calculate adjusted 

monthly averages for each hour. Because minimum and maximum temperatures occur at 

different hours each day, the minimum of the hourly averages will be higher than the average of 

the daily minima, and the daily maximum of the hourly averages will be lower than the average 

of the daily maxima. 

To avoid this narrowing of the daily temperature range, the monthly average of hourly 

temperatures was assumed to capture the daily temporal pattern and was mathematically 

stretched so that the low temperature equaled the monthly average of the daily minima and the 

high temperature equals the monthly average of the daily maxima, producing a set of monthly 

average hourly temperatures consistent with the maximum and minimum values. Not all stations 

record hourly temperature values, so the subset of the stations which do record hourly 

temperatures was used to determine the initial average temperatures in each hour for each month. 

 The same procedure was applied to the dewpoint values. An adjusted monthly average hourly 

relative humidity was then calculated from the adjusted monthly average hourly temperatures 

and dewpoints. 

The stretching algorithm used to produce the adjusted hourly temperatures and dewpoints using 

the maximum, minimum and hourly values is shown here: 

T = MinT + (t-mint)* [ (MaxT-MinT)/(maxt-mint) ] 

D = MinD + (d-mind)* [ (MaxD-MinD)/(maxd-mind) ]
December 2008 

 53 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

where: T = The adjusted monthly average temperature for an hour in a month. 

t = The average temperature for an hour in the month calculated from 

the hourly point measurements taken at a fixed time each hour at 

some stations. 

MaxT = The monthly average daily maximum temperature using all daily 

maximum (peak) temperature reading from all stations. 

MinT = The monthly average daily minimum temperature using all daily 

minimum (peak) temperature reading from all stations. 

maxt = The maximum monthly average hourly temperature calculated 

from the maximum hourly point measurements taken at a fixed 

time each hour at some stations. 

mint = The minimum monthly average hourly temperature calculated 

from the minimum hourly point measurements taken at a fixed 

time each hour at some stations. 

D = The adjusted monthly average dewpoint for an hour in a month. 

d = The average dewpoint for an hour in the month. 

MaxD = The monthly average daily maximum dewpoint. 

MinD = The monthly average daily minimum dewpoint. 

maxd = The maximum monthly average hourly dewpoint. 

mind = The minimum monthly average hourly dewpoint. 

The determination of the default NMIM temperature and relative humidity values is discussed in 

more detail in the report, “Derivation of By-Month, By-County, By-Hour Temperature and 

Relative Humidity with Monthly Data,” by Air Improvement Resources, Inc. (AIR, 2004). 

EPA is confident that in most cases the default temperature and humidity values calculated from 

the NCDC data will be the best values to use in the inventory calculations for each county. 

However, EPA recognizes that there are circumstances under which these generic methods may 

not provide the best estimate of temperature and humidity values for a county. These 

circumstances include: 

$ The use of more local temperature and humidity measurements that are not 

provided to the NCDC. 

$ Physical characteristics of the county (such as sea shores, valleys and sudden 

changes in altitude) which make the centroid interpolation methodology used by 

EPA inappropriate. 

In these cases, temperature and humidity values determined by S/L/T agencies may provide 

better estimates of temperatures and humidity values. For the 2005 NEI, EPA incorporated 

temperature and humidity data submitted by Utah for all counties in the State. 
December 2008 

 54 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.2.4.2 Altitude and Barometric Pressure 

MOBILE6 can calculate separate emission rates for high- and low-altitude regions. Low-altitude 

emission factors are based on conditions representative of approximately 500 feet above mean 

sea level. High-altitude factors are based on conditions representative of approximately 5,500 

feet above mean sea level. When high-altitude region emission factors are requested, MOBILE6 

also includes vehicles that were built to meet specific high-altitude emission standards. The 

NCD contains an indication for each county as to whether the county should be modeled as a 

high altitude area. The NCD assumes that all counties in Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and 

Utah (except Washington County) are high altitude areas. 

 

When relative humidity inputs are used in MOBILE6, the user supplied relative humidity values 

are converted to absolute humidity for use in adjustment equations. This conversion requires 

values of temperature and barometric pressure. The barometric pressure is provided as a single 

value in inches of mercury, with valid values between 13.0 and 33.0 inches of mercury. The 

NCD has a barometric pressure value for each county. 

 

The average barometric pressure value for each county was calculated for calendar year 2005 

using the same octal-search, inverse-distance-squared scheme used to estimate the temperature 

values (see Section 3.2.4.1). All available NCDC stations were used, which included 1st and 

2nd Order, AWOS, and ASOS stations. All barometric values averaged were station (actual) 

pressures, NOT sea level adjusted pressures. In mountainous terrain, the station pressure can 

vary considerably over relatively short distances due to elevation variations. Therefore, the 

values supplied should be used with caution in those areas. 

3.2.5 Nonroad-Specific Parameters 

Temperature and fuel parameters are shared by the onroad and nonroad inventory estimates and 

are addressed in sections 3.2.3 and 3.2.4. However, the NCD also contains fields that may be 

populated with the file names of external data files containing State or county data specific to 

nonroad. If alternate data files are not provided, NMIM uses the default NONROAD model data 

files. The NONROAD external data files include: 

$ Activity rates (including annual hours of use and load factor) 

$ Temporal (monthly and daily) allocations 

$ Source populations. 

$ Growth indexes 

$ Geographic allocations by equipment category 

Many of the nonroad specific parameters are contained in the NONROAD model itself as 

defaults. These values may change with different versions. The 2005 NEI used the NR05c 

Bond Base version of NONROAD. Default values are used for nonroad specific parameters in 

the 2005 NEI, except where changes were submitted by S/L/T agencies. Table 3-20 details the 

changes provided by S/L/T agencies for use in NMIM for the final 2002 NEI. All of these 

external files were also used for the 2005 NEI cycle. 
December 2008 

 55 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table 3-20. Nonroad Specific Parameters Provided by State

State Description File Type 

Colorado Oil production equipment allocations. oil 

Delaware Airport equipment allocations. air 

Delaware Golf equipment allocations. gc 

Delaware Household allocations. hou 

Delaware Logging equipment allocations. log 

Delaware Source populations. pop 

Delaware Recreational vehicle park allocations. rvp 

Illinois Nonroad activity act 

Illinois Growth rates. grw 

Illinois Source populations. pop 

Illinois Seasonal allocations. sea 

Illinois Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Illinois Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 

Indiana Nonroad activity act 

Indiana Growth rates. grw 

Indiana Source populations. pop 

Indiana Seasonal allocations. sea 

Indiana Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Indiana Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 

Iowa Nonroad activity act 

Iowa Source populations. pop 

Iowa Seasonal allocations. sea 

Iowa Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Iowa Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 

Michigan Nonroad activity act 

Michigan Growth rates. grw 

Michigan Source populations. pop 

Michigan Seasonal allocations. sea 

Michigan Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Michigan Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 

Minnesota Nonroad activity act 

Minnesota Growth rates. grw 

Minnesota Seasonal allocations. sea 

Minnesota Snowmobile allocations. snm 

Minnesota Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Minnesota Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 

Ohio Nonroad activity act 

Ohio Growth rates. grw 

Ohio Source populations. pop 

Ohio Seasonal allocations. sea 

Ohio Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Ohio Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 

Rhode Island Source populations. pop 

Washington Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Washington Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 

Wisconsin Nonroad activity act 

Wisconsin Growth rates. grw 

Wisconsin Source populations. pop 

Wisconsin Seasonal allocations. sea 

Wisconsin Inboard watercraft allocations. wib 

Wisconsin Outboard watercraft allocations. wob 
December 2008 

 56 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.2.6 Onroad Local Emission Control Programs 

The following sections discuss several different onroad control programs that are modeled in 

MOBILE6/NMIM. These include inspection and maintenance, anti-tampering, low emitting 

vehicle, and refueling emission control (i.e., Stage II) programs. Note that any inputs provided 

by States for the 2002 NEI for these programs would also be modeled for the 2005 NEI. Several 

States submitted new or updated data for 2005, and these data are reflected as well. 

3.2.6.1 Inspection and Maintenance Programs 

MOBILE6 and NMIM account for local periodic inspection programs to identify and repair 

vehicles in need of emission related repairs, typically known as inspection and maintenance 

(I/M) programs. State and local agencies may supply an improved description of their I/M 

program. See Section 6.0 of the report, ATechnical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for 

Emission Inventory Preparation@ for a discussion of I/M programs (EPA, 2004c). 

MOBILE6 allows the description of the I/M program to be stored in an external ASCII text file, 

rather than included in the input command file, using the I/M DESC FILE command. I/M 

programs may require additional external data files which contain emission cutpoints used for 

IM240 tailpipe emission inspections. NMIM uses these files in the same format as used by 

MOBILE6. For the 2005 final NEI, the I/M program data submitted by State or local agencies to 

reflect improvements to I/M programs are listed in Table A-1 of Appendix A to this document. 

3.2.6.2 Anti-Tampering Programs 

Anti-tampering programs may be implemented by States or local areas, which involve periodic 

inspections to visually identify and repair vehicles with disabled emission control systems. 

Where they exist, MOBILE6 and the NCD account for these local programs. Section 6.12 of the 

report, ATechnical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation@ also 

discusses anti-tampering programs (EPA, 2004c). 

Anti-tampering program information is provided to MOBILE6 using the ANTI-TAMP PROG 

command. NMIM uses this information in the same format as used by MOBILE6, however, it is 

stored in an external ASCII text file, rather than included in the input command file. The 

external ASCII file may also contain comment records that comply with MOBILE6 rules. One 

or more counties in the following States were modeled with an anti-tampering program in the 

2005 NEI: Arizona, Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, 

Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Virginia. 

Table A-2 presents the counties for which anti-tampering program information was provided. 
December 2008 

 57 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.2.6.3 Low Emitting Vehicle Programs 

MOBILE6 already accounts for the federal national LEV program as part of the federal motor 

vehicle emission compliance program. Some States have implemented an accelerated phase in 

for LEV vehicles, and these local programs are accounted for in the NCD. State and local 

agencies may supply an accelerated phase in for LEV vehicles or information to reflect 

improvements to their programs. Section 7.4.1 of the report, “Technical Guidance on the Use of 

MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation” addresses phase in for LEV vehicles (EPA, 

2004c). 

The phase in for LEV vehicles is provided to MOBILE6 using an external ASCII text file using 

the 94+ LDG IMP command. NMIM uses this file in the same format as used by MOBILE6. 

For the final 2002 NEI, no State or local agencies submitted additional information to reflect an 

alternate phase in for LEV vehicles. 

3.2.6.4 Refueling Emission Control Programs 

Stage II Gasoline Distribution encompasses the refueling of a vehicle at a gasoline service 

station. According to the Clean Air Act, Section 182, areas with ozone nonattainment 

classifications greater than Moderate were required to install vapor recovery systems at these 

service stations. If installed and inspected annually, a minimum of 86 percent reduction can be 

applied to estimated emissions using uncontrolled emission factors. The default emissions 

percentage is from the Control Techniques Guidance for Stage II Vapor Recovery (EPA, 1991). 

A list of counties with this regulation imposed were identified for the 1999 NEI via a literature 

search, and is found in Table E-2 of Appendix E of the “Documentation for the Final 1999 

Nonpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants (Version 3)” 

(EPA, 2003d). This list was used as the basis for the list of counties used for the 2002 NEI. A 

copy of the list was sent to each of the ten EPA Regional offices for verification. The changes 

suggested by the EPA Regions are listed below. 

1. Add all Vermont counties. 

2. Remove Shelby County (TN). 

3. Remove Kent and Queen Anne’s Counties (MD). 

4. Add Berks County (PA). 

5. Remove all Colorado counties. 

6. Remove all Utah counties. 

7. Remove Maricopa County (AZ). 

8. Remove Amador, Calaveras, Colusa, Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Lassen, 

Mariposa, Mendocino, Modoc, Siskiyou, Tehama and Trinity Counties (CA). 

9. Remove Thurston County (WA). 

10. Add Kitsap, King and Snohomish Counties (WA). 

11. Add Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington Counties (OR). 

While compiling the list of applicable counties for the 1999 NEI, 14 States listed vapor recovery 

emission reduction percentages in their State regulations greater than the default value. New 
December 2008 

 58 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

York provided a 90 percent reduction for ten counties, while the remaining 13 States provided a 

95 percent reduction for 153 counties. The remaining 116 counties that have Stage II controls 

either listed 86 percent as their reduction percentage or did not provide a reduction percentage 

(in which case the 86 percent reduction was used as a default). New Jersey provided revisions to 

the 86 percent reduction effectiveness for the 2002 final NEI of 62 percent and 77 percent, 

respectively. All of the counties added for the 2002 NEI assume 86 percent effectiveness, unless 

other counties in that State already exist and have effectiveness values greater than 86 percent. 

In these cases, the added counties take on the effectiveness of the other counties in the State. For 

purposes of MOBILE6 modeling of Stage II controls, all counties were assumed to be 

completely phased in by calendar year 2002 and that the effectiveness for Stage II was the same 

for gasoline fueled light duty and heavy duty vehicles. For the 2005 NEI, only the State of 

Maine provided revisions to the Stage II effectiveness for Cumberland, Sagadahoc, and York 

counties. Note that different effectiveness values were provided for light duty and heavy duty 

vehicles. 

Table A-3 of Appendix A lists the resulting 274 counties with their assumed effectiveness 

(refueling vapor loss emission reduction) values as used in the 2005 NEI. 

3.2.7 Onroad Fleet and Activity 

Fleet and activity data refer to those parameters in the model which describe the type of vehicles 

assumed in the fleet and their use by vehicle owners which impacts the calculation of emissions 

from these sources. References to MOBILE6 in this section apply to NMIM as well, since 

MOBILE6 is the underlying model in NMIM for onroad sources. Most of the onroad fleet and 

activity information used in the NEI inventory are in the format specified by MOBILE6. 

There are default values for all of the fleet and activity parameters in the MOBILE6 model based 

on national averages and no input of these parameters is required to run the model. However, 

alternate values which are more representative of the local fleet and local fleet activity may be 

provided. More information about the scope and format of these alternate values are contained 

in the document, “User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2, Mobile Source Emission 

Factor Model” (EPA, 2003c). Guidance on how to obtain these values is contained in the report 

ATechnical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory Preparation@ (EPA, 

2004c). 

As with the onroad control programs, fleet and activity data provided by States for the 2002 NEI 

would also be modeled for the 2005 NEI. In addition, several States submitted updates or new 

data for 2005. 

3.2.7.1 Age Distribution 

A typical vehicle fleet includes a mix of vehicles of different ages. MOBILE6 covers a 25-year 

range of vehicle ages, with vehicles 25 years and older grouped together. If no alternate data are 

supplied, MOBILE6 will use a set of default values for these distributions. The technical report, 

“Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6” (EPA, 2001a), describes how these default values 

were derived. 
December 2008 

 59 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

MOBILE6 allows the user to specify the fraction of vehicles in each of 25 vehicle ages for each 

of the 16 vehicle classes (combined gasoline and diesel) in the model. This requires that an 

external data file be provided containing the alternate values. 

The NMIM model runs for the NEI all used the default MOBILE6 registration distribution, 

except where alternate distributions were provided by S/L/T agencies. Age distributions were 

provided for at least some counties in Arizona, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Iowa, 

Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode 

Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. 

Table A-4 of Appendix A indicates which counties used default distributions and which counties 

used S/L/T supplied distributions. 

To determine whether the default MOBILE6 registration distribution would be appropriate to 

apply in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, data available from Puerto Rico listing new vehicle 

sales and the total number of vehicle registrations, both by model year, was examined and 

compared to national trends in the United States. Table A-5 in Appendix A has the 25-year trend 

of vehicle sales and registrations in Puerto Rico. 

Based on comparisons made between this list and the national trend, and without more specific 

data, it was determined that the default MOBILE6 registration distribution would sufficiently 

represent Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 

3.2.7.2 Diesel Sales Fractions 

Within any vehicle class, diesel and gasoline vehicles have distinctly different emission rates. 

Diesel fractions allow the model to separate gasoline and diesel vehicles within a vehicle class. 

MOBILE6 includes default diesel sales fractions for 14 of the 16 composite vehicle classes - all 

except urban/transit buses, which are assumed to be all diesel-fueled, and motorcycles, which are 

assumed to be all gasoline-fueled. MOBILE6 projects future diesel fractions as constant 

beginning with the 1996 model year. Users can enter alternative diesel fractions for these 

14 vehicle classes for each of 25 vehicle ages in any calendar year. The derivation of the default 

diesel sales fractions is found in the report AFleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6” (EPA, 

2001a). 

The final 2005 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding diesel sales 

fractions by model year and vehicle type, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. 

Diesel sales fractions were provided for at least some counties in Arizona, District of Columbia, 

Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Texas and Virginia. Table A-6 presents the 

counties for which alternate diesel sales fractions were provided. 
December 2008 

 60 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.2.7.3 Average Speeds 

MOBILE6 uses VMT distribution over preselected average speed ranges. MOBILE6 calculates 

these distributions for each of the 24 hours of the day and for freeways and arterials (producing 

48 separate distributions, each containing 14 fractions). The data in this array only specify the 

average speeds on the roadway types at a particular time of day. The data do not affect either the 

hourly VMT distribution or the VMT distributions by facility type. 

NMIM does not use the default average speed distributions found in MOBILE6. Instead a 

separate single average speed is used, depending on the vehicle class and roadway type. Every 

combination of vehicle class grouping and roadway type does not have an independent average 

speed estimate. 

There are four MOBILE6 roadway types: freeways, arterials, locals, and freeway ramps. The 

12 roadway types shown in Table A-5 were assigned to one of these MOBILE6 roadway types 

based on EPA guidance. The MOBILE6 freeway roadway type was assigned to rural interstates, 

urban interstates, and urban other freeways and expressways. Each roadway assigned to the 

MOBILE6 freeway roadway type also assume that the average speed includes the effects of 

freeway ramps and that ramps account for 8 percent of travel on these roadways. The MOBILE6 

arterial roadway type was assigned to rural other principal arterials, rural minor arterials, rural 

major collectors, rural minor collectors, rural locals, urban other principal arterials, urban minor 

arterials, and urban collectors. Urban local roadways are modeled using the “Local” roadway 

category of MOBILE6, with an average speed of 12.9 mph. The average speed of this roadway 

type cannot be varied, since the emission factors modeled on the MOBILE6 local roadway type 

do not vary by average speed. The groupings of vehicle class groups and roadway types is 

explained in more detail in Section 3.1 above. 

The default average speeds represent the average speeds that had been modeled nationally in 

prior years of the Trends analysis. Table A-7 shows the default average speed used for each of 

the 12 roadway types for each of the vehicle class groupings for the final 2002 NEI. 

The 2005 NEI used the same set of average speeds for each roadway type and vehicle class 

grouping, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Average speed information was 

provided for at least some counties in Delaware, District of Columbia, Iowa, Maryland, New 

Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Utah, and Virginia. Table A-8 presents the counties for 

which alternate average speed distributions were provided. 

3.2.7.4 Annual Mileage Accumulation Rates 

The annual mileage accumulation rate represents the total annual travel accumulated per vehicle 

of a given age and individual vehicle class. Vehicles accumulate mileage at different rates 

depending on the type and age of the vehicle. Trucks tend to be driven more miles per year than 

cars. Older vehicles tend to be driven fewer miles per year than newer ones. Annual mileage 

accumulation affects the rate at which vehicle emission controls deteriorate and affect the 

relative emissions contributions of newer and older vehicles to fleet emissions. Vehicles with 

higher total mileage accumulation will tend to have higher emission rates, however, older 
December 2008 

 61 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

vehicles tend to travel fewer miles each year. Annual mileage accumulation rates are also used 

in MOBILE6 to determine the daily vehicle miles traveled per vehicle. This estimate is used to 

convert daily emissions in grams per day from engine starts, hot soaks, diurnal losses, resting 

losses and refueling to units of grams per mile of vehicle travel. 

The derivation of the default annual mileage accumulation rates is found in the report, AFleet 

Characterization Data for MOBILE6” (EPA, 2001a). 

The 2005 NEI used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding annual mileage accumulation 

rates by model year and vehicle class, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Only 

the State of New York provided alternate annual mileage accumulation rates for use in NMIM. 

3.2.7.5 Trips Per Day 

The nearly uncontrolled exhaust emissions that occur immediately after a cold engine start can 

account for a significant fraction of the emissions that occur during a vehicle trip. There will be 

at least one engine start for each vehicle trip, so this parameter is also called starts per day. Only 

light duty vehicles (passenger cars), light duty trucks and motorcycles account for engine starts 

separately in MOBILE6. The emission rates for heavy duty vehicles and buses include the 

effects of engine starts and the number of engine starts and the soak time distribution cannot be 

changed by the user for these vehicle classes. 

The derivation of the default values for the number of vehicle trips per day is found in the report 

“Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions” (EPA, 2002b). Although MOBILE6 allows 

the number of trips per day to vary by vehicle age, all default values are the same for all vehicle 

ages. 

The 2005 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding vehicle trips per 

day rates by vehicle class. No changes for light duty vehicles, light duty trucks or motorcycles 

were submitted by S/L/T agencies. 

3.2.7.6 Trip Length Distribution 

Fuel evaporation occurs during trips due to the heating of the fuel system, especially including 

the fuel tank. These emissions are affected by the length of time the vehicle has been in 

operation. Longer trips mean more evaporative running loss emissions due to increased fuel 

system temperatures. Only gasoline fueled vehicles (not including motorcycles) are affected by 

the distribution of trip lengths in MOBILE6. Diesel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are 

assumed to have negligible evaporative running loss emissions. 

The derivation of the default values for the trip length distributions is found in the report “Trip 

Length Activity Factors for Running Loss and Exhaust Running Emissions” (EPA, 2001b). The 

same distribution of vehicle trip lengths is used for all vehicle classes for all hours of the day, for 

both weekdays and weekend days. 
December 2008 

 62 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

The 2005 NEI inventories used the default weekday MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the trip 

length distributions, except for the changes submitted by S/L/T agencies. Trip length data were 

provided for at least some counties in District of Columbia, Maryland, Texas, and Virginia. 

Table A-9 lists the counties for which alternate trip length distributions were provided. 

3.2.7.7 Hourly Distribution of Engine Starts 

MOBILE6 distributes the daily number of engine starts across the hours of the day. The same 

distribution is used for all vehicle classes, although there are different distributions for weekdays 

and weekend days. Only light duty vehicles (passenger cars), light duty trucks and motorcycles 

account for engine starts separately. The emission rates for heavy duty vehicles and buses 

include engine starts and these emission rates are not affected by changes in the distribution of 

engine starts across the hours of the day. 

The derivation of the default values for the distribution of engine starts across the hours of the 

day is found in the report “Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions” (EPA, 2002b). 

The 2005 NEI inventories used the default weekday MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the 

distribution of engine starts across the hours of the day, except for the changes submitted by 

S/L/T agencies. Only the State of New York provided an alternate hourly distribution of engine 

starts. 

3.2.7.8 Hourly Distribution of Vehicle Miles Traveled 

MOBILE6 distributes the estimate for daily vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the day. 

There are separate distributions for the freeway, arterial/collector and local roadway 

classifications. The same distribution is used for all vehicle classes, although there are different 

distributions for weekdays and weekend days. 

The derivation of the default values for the distribution of vehicle miles traveled across the hours 

of the day is found in the report “Development of Methodology for Estimating VMT Weighting 

by Facility Type” (EPA, 2001c). 

The 2005 NEI inventories used the default weekday MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the 

distribution of vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the day, except for the changes 

submitted by S/L/T agencies. Hourly distributions for daily vehicle miles traveled were 

provided for at least some counties in Illinois, New York, Texas, and Utah. Table A-10 lists the 

counties which provided alternate distributions for vehicle miles traveled across the hours of the 

day. 

3.2.7.9 Soak Time Distribution 

Soak time is defined as the time between when the engine is turned off to the next time it is 

restarted. The soak time can have a significant effect on the emissions associated with an engine 

start. MOBILE6 contains default values for the distribution of the soak times before an engine 

start by hour of the day. The same soak time distributions are applied to all vehicle classes and 
December 2008 

 63 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

all vehicle ages. Only light duty vehicles (passenger cars), light duty trucks and motorcycles 

account for engine starts separately. The emission rates for heavy duty vehicles and buses 

include engine starts and changing the soak time distribution does not affect their emissions. 

The derivation of the default values for the distribution of vehicle miles traveled across the hours 

of the day is found in the report “Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions” (EPA, 

2002b). 

The 2005 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding soak times by hour 

of the day. No changes for light duty vehicles, light duty trucks or motorcycles were submitted 

by S/L/T agencies. 

3.2.7.10 Diurnal Activity Distribution 

While the engine is shut down (key off) and during times of day when the ambient temperature is 

rising, fuel vapors will be driven off the vehicle from the increasing temperature of the fuel in 

the tank and other locations on the vehicle. The ability of the vehicle emission control 

components to adsorb these vapors depends on how long the vehicle has been subjected to 

diurnal emission generation. The resulting hydrocarbon losses are referred to as diurnal 

emissions. If the vehicle is restarted, the active emission control systems begin again and the full 

diurnal effect is interrupted, resulting in fewer diurnal emissions. MOBILE6 contains default 

values for the distribution of the diurnal soak time by hour of the day. 

Only gasoline fueled vehicles are affected by the diurnal soak activity. Diesel vehicles and 

natural gas vehicles are assumed to have negligible diurnal evaporative emissions. The same 

distribution of diurnal soak times is used for all vehicle classes. 

The derivation of the default values for the distribution of diurnal soak activity across the hours 

of the day is found in the report, “Soak Length Activity Factors for Diurnal Emissions” (EPA, 

2001d). 

The 2005 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the distribution of 

evaporative diurnal activity. No changes were submitted by S/L/T agencies. 

3.2.7.11 Hot Soak Distribution 

Immediately after an engine is shut down (key off), while the engine is still hot, fuel vapors in 

the intake manifold and other locations in the fuel system are driven off the vehicle by the heat 

of the engine. These hydrocarbon losses are referred to as hot soak emissions. If the vehicle is 

restarted, the active emission control systems begin again and the full hot soak effect is 

interrupted, resulting in fewer hot soak emissions. MOBILE6 contains default values for the 

distribution of the hot soak time after an engine shut down by hour of the day. The actual 

number of hot soaks that occur is a function of the number of engine starts per day that occur. 

Changing the number of engine starts per day will automatically change the number of hot soaks 

in a day. The number of engine starts (trips) per day is discussed in Section 3.2.7.5 above. 
December 2008 

 64 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Only gasoline fueled vehicles are affected by the hot soak activity. Diesel vehicles and natural 

gasoline vehicles are assumed to have negligible hot soak evaporative emissions. The same 

distribution of hot soak times is used for all vehicle classes. 

The derivation of the default values for the distribution of the hot soak time by hour of the day is 

found in the report, “Soak Length Activity Factors for Hot Soak Emissions” (EPA, 2001e). 

The 2005 NEI inventories used the default MOBILE6 assumptions regarding the distribution of 

hot soak times. No changes were submitted by S/L/T agencies. 

3.2.8 NMIM Toxic Emission Factors 

The hazardous air pollutants for which inventories are produced by NMIM are listed in Table 3-

4 above. The “six HAPs” are produced internally by MOBILE6. In all other cases, as indicated 

in the “Pollutants” section above, HAP inventories were generated by ratios to various 

MOBILE6 and NONROAD outputs. 

HAPs are estimated using data sources and methods developed for the 1999 NEI for HAPs, 

version 3 (EPA, 2003e; EPA, 2004a), with some modifications, described below. NMIM does 

not estimate HAP emissions for CNG engines. 

HAPs are estimated in NMIM using one of three approaches: 

1. Gaseous HAPs B Apply toxic to VOC ratios to VOC estimates. 

2. Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) B Apply toxic to PM10 ratios to PM10 estimates. 

3. Metals, Dioxins and Furans B For NONROAD, multiply HAP gram per gallon emission 

factors by county level fuel consumption estimates. For MOBILE6, multiply HAP gram 

per mile emission factors by county level VMT estimates. 

The NCD SCCToxics table provides a complete listing of toxic ratios and emission factors for all 

SCCs and fuel combinations. The above approaches are described in more detail in the 

following sections. 

3.2.8.1 Gaseous HAPs 

NMIM uses the toxic to VOC ratios described in the documentation for the 1999 NEI for HAPs, 

version 3, and summarized in Volume 1, Appendix D, Table 1 (EPA, 2003e). Separate ratios are 

used for evaporative and exhaust emissions for each of the following four categories of gasoline 

blends: 

1. Baseline Gasoline. All cases that do not fall into categories 2-4 below. Ratios are in 

variables “ExhBaseGas” and “EvapBaseGas” in the SCCToxics table. 
December 2008 

 65 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

2. WO (Winter Oxygenate) Gasoline/ETBE - used where the fuel contains ethanol which 

is greater than or equal to 5 percent by volume or ETBE greater than or equal to 5 percent 

by volume. Ratios are in variables AExhEthGas@ and AEvapEthGas@ in the SCCToxics 

table. 

3. WO Gasoline/ethanol or MTBE/TAME - used where the fuel contains MTBE which is 

greater than or equal to 12 percent by volume or TAME greater than or equal to 

13 percent by volume. Ratios are in variables “ExhMTBEGas” and “EvapMTBEGas” in 

the SCCToxics table. 

4. RFG/MTBE/TAME - Used where the fuel is RFG and where the fuel contains oxygenate 

greater than 5 percent by volume and where the fuel contains MTBE which is less than 

12 percent by volume or TAME less than 13 percent by volume. Ratios are in variables 

“ExhRFGGas” and “EvapRFGGas” in the SCCToxics table. 

It should be noted that NMIM uses a different set of criteria to determine which toxic to VOC 

ratios to use than that used in the 1999 NEI final version 3 for HAPs. In the 1999 NEI inventory, 

ratios for different fuel types were weighted according to whether the county participated in the 

Federal or California Reformulated Gasoline Program or a winter oxygenated fuel program, and 

the percentage of the year the county participated in these programs. For example, if a county 

participated in the Federal Reformulated Gasoline Program for 4 months, the RFG/MTBE/

TAME fraction would be weighted by a factor of 0.33, and the baseline fraction by 0.67 to 

develop a composite annual fraction, which would then be applied to VOC. This approach does 

not adequately account for reformulated and oxygenated gasoline use outside counties 

participating in the program, or use outside the fuel program season. One result is an 

underestimate of the nonroad MTBE inventory. Thus, when comparing the unofficial NMIM 

1999 estimates with those of the 1999 NEI, NMIM estimates for 1999 result in substantially 

higher nationwide MTBE than those in the 1999 NEI for HAPs. 

In some cases, HAP profiles for specific nonroad equipment and engine type combinations are 

available. However, for many equipment/engine type combinations, no speciation data are 

available. In such instances, default values for 2-stroke gasoline engines, 4-stroke gasoline 

engines, and diesel engines are used. These default values represent an average fraction for 

various equipment types within an engine category. 

3.2.8.2 PAHs 

All PAHs emitted in exhaust are estimated as fractions of PM10, although the data used to 

calculate mass ratios includes both gas and particle phase PAH emissions. The data used to 

develop the PAH fractions are described in the documentation for the 1999 NEI for HAPs. 

Evaporative naphthalene emissions from onroad vehicles is estimated as a fraction of VOC. 

NMIM does not currently estimate evaporative naphthalene emissions for nonroad equipment. 
December 2008 

 66 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

3.2.8.3 Metals, Dioxins, and Furans 

For metals, dioxins, and furans, NMIM estimates onroad emissions using g/mile emission factors 

developed for the 1999 NEI for HAPs, version 3. 

The approach used by NMIM to estimate nonroad county-level metal emissions differs in a 

number of respects from the approach used in the 1999 NEI for HAPs, version 3. In the 1999 

NEI, nationwide metal emissions for gasoline engines were obtained by applying a mass per 

gallon emission factor by nationwide gasoline consumption from the NONROAD model. For 

diesel engines, a mass per brake-horsepower emission factor was multiplied by nationwide 

energy output. The resultant nationwide emission estimates were then spatially allocated to 

counties relative to the county proportion of PM10 emissions compared to the national PM10 

emissions, as obtained from the NONROAD model. 

In contrast, NMIM multiplies mass per gallon emission factors for gasoline engines by county 

level fuel consumption to obtain a county level inventory estimate. For diesel engines, mass per 

brake horsepower emission factors were converted to mass per gallon emission factors using the 

following equation: 

grams per gallon = (micrograms per brake-horsepower hour (μg/bhphr) * average fuel density 

(lb/gallon))/fuel consumption per brake-horsepower hour (lb fuel/bhphr)*1,000,000

where: 

average fuel density = 7.01 lb/gal 

fuel consumption per brake horsepower hour = 0.408 lb for engines less than 100 hp 

= 0.367 lb for engines greater than 100 hp 

The fuel consumption per brake horsepower hour estimates are from the NONROAD model 

(EPA, 2002c). The gram per gallon metal emission factors for gasoline and diesel engines are 

contained in the NCD SCCToxics table. 

Mass per gallon emission factors for dioxins and furans from nonroad engines were calculated 

by multiplying the onroad vehicle emission factors in grams per mile by fleet average fuel 

economy estimates. The assumed fuel economy for gasoline vehicles was 21.5 miles per gallon; 

for diesel vehicles it was 7 miles per gallon. Resulting gram per gallon emission factors are 

contained in the NCD SCCToxics table. 
December 2008 

 67 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

4.0 2002 MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING NEI 

This section describes how Stage II emission estimates related to onroad mobile and nonroad 

mobile refueling were estimated, and how they were reported in the 2005 NEI. No updates were 

made to the Stage II emissions reported in the 2002 NEI for the final 2005 NEI. 

4.1 HOW WERE STAGE II ONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS 

DEVELOPED? 

The EPA developed onroad Stage II refueling emission estimates for VOC, benzene, and MTBE 

based on the results of the draft NEI 2002 NMIM runs. These estimates were not updated for 

Version 3 of the 2002 NEI. NMIM/MOBILE6 calculates Stage II emissions using a base 

uncontrolled displacement EF of 5.46 grams/gallon HC, and a base uncontrolled spillage EF of 

0.31 grams/gallon HC. These emission factors are then adjusted for temperature and RVP, and 

are converted from HC to VOC within MOBILE6. For a description of the counties with Stage 

II control programs, as well as the assumed control efficiency for the program, see section 

3.2.6.4. 

For several other HAPs, EPA applied national HAP speciation profiles to the VOC emission 

estimates from NMIM. These HAPs are listed in Table 4-1, along with their emission factors 

(MACTEC, 2004). 

Table 4-1. Stage II HAP Speciation Profiles Applied to VOC Emissions

Pollutant Emission Factor 

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0.827% of VOC 

Cumene 0.01% of VOC 

Ethyl Benzene 0.138% of VOC 

Hexane 1.589% of VOC 

Naphthalene 0.046% of VOC 

Toluene 1.290% of VOC 

Xylenes 0.530% of VOC 

4.2 HOW WERE STAGE II NONROAD REFUELING EMISSIONS 

DEVELOPED? 

NMIM/NONROAD accounts for refueling emissions from nonroad equipment under two 

separate components, vapor displacement and spillage. The procedures that NONROAD uses to 

estimate refueling emissions are documented in the EPA report, “Refueling Emissions for 

Nonroad Engine Modeling” (EPA, 2004d). For both spillage and vapor displacement, 

NONROAD incorporates emission factor values in terms of grams of emissions per gallon of 

fuel consumed. Fuel consumption is then used to calculate total emissions based on the g/gal 

emissions factors. Nonroad equipment may be fueled from a gasoline pump or a portable 

container. Stage II nonroad emissions are associated with nonroad equipment being filled 

directly at the gasoline pumps. Because the different refueling modes result in different 
December 2008 

 68 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

emissions, NONROAD includes assumptions concerning which equipment will be refueled 

predominantly using a gasoline pump and which will be refueled predominantly from a portable 

container. In general, gasoline-powered equipment with larger horsepower engines are fueled at 

the pump while equipment with smaller horsepower engines are fueled with a container. Both 

Stage II and portable fuel container components may be included in the SCC-level vapor 

displacement and spillage emissions output of NMIM (depending on the SCC). As such, Stage 

II emissions were not subtracted out of the NONROAD model emission estimates and unlike 

Stage II onroad emissions, were not reported as part of the area source inventory. 

4.3 REPORTING OF MOBILE STAGE II REFUELING 

Nonroad Stage II emissions were included in all relevant nonroad gasoline SCCs that have 

engines assumed to be refueled at a gasoline pump. Onroad Stage II emissions are reported 

under the SCC 22501060100 (Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service 

Stations, Stage 2: Total) in the non-point source inventory. It should be noted that Stage II 

vehicle refueling emissions may also be reported in the point source inventory under the 

following SCCs: 

Point Source SCCs Description 

40600401 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls 

40600402 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Liquid Spill Loss w/o Controls 

40600403 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls 

40600499 Filling Vehicle Gas Tanks - Stage II, Not Classified ** 

40600601 Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/o Controls 

40600602 Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Liquid Spill Loss w/o Controls 

40600603 Consumer (Corporate) Fleet Refueling - Stage II, Vapor Loss w/ Controls 

Refueling emissions based on the 2005 NMIM runs were not included in the 2005 NEI. For 

purposes of the 2005 NEI, refueling emissions developed for the 2002 NEI were substituted. 

4.4 QA PROCEDURES 

Spot checks were performed of the onroad Stage II HAP emission estimates developed using the 

speciation profiles listed in Table 4-1. In addition, onroad Stage II emissions were subject to 

additional S/L/T review, facilitated by emission summaries that compared the newly-developed 

Stage II emissions to the draft NEI emission estimates. Nonroad Stage II emissions were subject 

to the same QA procedures as NONROAD model exhaust and evaporative emission estimates.
December 2008 

 69 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

5.0 REFERENCES 

AAM, 2002: North American Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Survey. Alliance of Automobile 

Manufacturers, Washington, DC. 2002. 

AAM, 2005: North American Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Survey. American Automobile 

Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC. 2005. 

AIR, 2004: “Derivation of By-Month, By-County, By-Hour Temperature and Relative Humidity 

with Monthly Data,” by Air Improvement Resources, Inc. December 8, 2004. 

DOE, 2005: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Petroleum 

Supply Annual 2005,” Table 34 - Movements of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products by 

Pipeline, Tanker, and Barge Between PAD Districts. Internet address: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/p

sa_volume1/psa_volume1.html 

EPA, 1990: “The 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory: Development of Temporal Allocation 

Factors,” EPA-600/7-89-010d, Air & Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. April 1990. 

EPA, 1991: “Technical Guidance - Stage II Vapor Recovery Systems for Control of Vehicle 

Refueling Emissions at Gasoline Dispensing Facilities, Volume I: Chapters.” 

EPA-450/3-91-022a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. November 1991. 

EPA, 1998: “National Air Pollutant Emission Trends, Procedures Document, 1900B1996,” 

EPA-454/R-98-008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality 

Planning and Standards, Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, 

NC. May 1998. 

EPA, 2001a: “Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6,” M6.FLT.007, EPA420-R-01-047. 

September 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm 

EPA, 2001b: “Trip Length Activity Factors for Running Loss and Exhaust Running Emissions” 

(M6.FLT.005, EPA420-R-01-013. April 2001. 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm 

EPA, 2001c: “Development of Methodology for Estimating VMT Weighting by Facility Type” 

M6.SPD.003, EPA420-R-01-009. April 2001. 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm 

EPA, 2001d: “Soak Length Activity Factors for Diurnal Emissions,” M6.FLT.006, 

EPA420-R-01-014, April 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm 

EPA, 2001e: “Soak Length Activity Factors for Hot Soak Emissions” M6.FLT.004, 

EPA420-R-01-012, April 2001. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm 
December 2008 

 70 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

EPA, 2002a: “Technical Guidance of the Use of MOBILE6 for Emission Inventory 

Preparation,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office 

of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI. January 2002. 

EPA, 2002b: “Soak Length Activity Factors for Start Emissions,” M6.FLT.003, 

EPA420-R-01-011. February 2002. 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/m6tech.htm 

EPA, 2002c: “Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine 

ModelingBCompression-Ignition,” EPA420-P-02-016, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI. November 2002. 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nonrdmdl.htm#docs. 

EPA, 2003a: “National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) Base and Future Year County 

Database Documentation and Quality Assurance Procedures,” EPA420-R-03-017. 

April 2003. 

EPA, 2003b: “Comparison of NMIM County Database to NEI Modeling, Final Report,” EPA 

Contract No. 68D-02-063, Work Assignment No. 1-17, Pechan Document No. 

03.09.002/9014.117. September 15, 2003. 

EPA, 2003c: “User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor 

Model,” EPA420-R-03-010, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of 

Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, MI. August 2003. 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm. 

EPA, 2003d: “Documentation for the Final 1999 Nonpoint Area Source National Emission 

Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants (Version 3),” August 26, 2003, Appendix E-2, 

“County Level Allocation Values Used for Allocation Schemes 18, 22 and 27 (Stage 2 

Control), 1999 National Emission Inventory.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

EPA, 2003e: “Documentation for Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel, Locomotive, and Other 

Nonroad Components in the National Emissions Inventory, Volumes I and II,” prepared 

by Eastern Research Group for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October 7, 2003. 

 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html#final3haps 

EPA, 2004a: “Documentation for the Onroad National Emissions Inventory (NEI) For Base 

Years 1970-2002,” prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. for the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 

Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. January 

2004. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/1999inventory.html#final3haps 

EPA, 2004b: “Final Regulatory Analysis: Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines,” 

EPA420-R-04-007, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, 

Ann Arbor, MI. May 2004. 
December 2008 

 71 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

EPA, 2004c: “Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6.2 for Emission Inventory 

Preparation,” EPA420-R-04-013. August 2004. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm 

EPA, 2004d: “Refueling Emissions for Nonroad Engine Modeling,” NR-013b, EPA420-P-04-

013, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 

Ann Arbor, MI. April 2004. 

EPA, 2005a: “2005 Reformulated Gasoline Properties Survey Data.” U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 

Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/rfg/properf/rfgperf.htm 

EPA, 2005b: “Reformulated Gasoline and Anti-Dumping Regulation Batch Reports.” U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor, 

Michigan. Internet address: http://www.epa.gov/oms/regs/fuels/rfgforms.htm 

EPA, 2007a: “Instructions to State and Local Agencies for Updating the County Level Database 

from EPA=s National Mobile Inventory Model - Technical Memorandum,” prepared by 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of 

Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research 

Triangle Park, NC 27711. May 24, 2007. 

EPA, 2007b: “Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, 

Version 3” prepared by EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality and E.H. Pechan 

& Associates, Inc., for EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emissions 

Inventory Group. September 2007. 

EPA, 2008: “Process for Utilizing Survey Data to Determine County Specific Gasoline 

Properties,” memorandum from D. Brzezinski, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

Office of Transportation and Air Quality, to L. Driver, U.S. EPA, Air Quality Planning 

and Standards, Emissions Inventory Group. November 21, 2008. 

ERG, 2005: “Documentation for Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel, and Locomotive, and 

Other Nonroad Components of the National Emissions Inventory,” prepared by Eastern 

Research Group, Inc. and E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. for U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division, Emission Factor and 

Inventory Group. February 9, 2005. 

FHWA, 2006, Highway Statistics 2005. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of 

Transportation, Washington, DC, 2005. (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs05/) 

MACTEC, 2004: Hester, Charles and J. Cavalier, MACTEC, Inc. Memorandum from Charles 

Hester and Julia Cavalier, MACTEC, Inc., to Stephen Shedd, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Standards 

Division, “Gasoline HAP Profiles,” December 9, 2004. 
December 2008 

 72 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Rozycki, 2006: email from Robert Rozycki, FHWA to E.H. Pechan & Associates, transmitting 

updated HPMS2004 data. 

USCB, 2006: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, County Population Datasets, data file 

downloaded from (http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.html). “County population and 

estimated components of population change, all counties: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005,” 

 downloaded September 22, 2006. 
December 2008 

 A-1 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

APPENDIX A. LOCAL DATA FOR NMIM COUNTY DATABASE 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-2 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-1. List of I/M Program File Names Used for Version 2 of the 

2005 National Emission Inventory 

State Filename 

First 

Year 

Last 

Year Counties 

ALASKA 0202099.imp 1999 2050 20 

ALASKA 0209099.imp 1999 2050 90 

ARIZONA 0401395.imp 1999 2001 13 

ARIZONA 0401301.imp 2002 2004 13 

ARIZONA 0401305.imp 2005 2050 13 

ARIZONA 0401902.imp 1999 2050 19 

CALIFORNIA 0600199.imp 1999 2050 1,13,41,55,75,81,95 

CALIFORNIA 0607999.imp 1999 2050 7,11,17,19,21,29,31,37,39,47,53,57, 

59,61,65,67,69,71,73,77,79,83,85, 

87,89,97,99,101,103,107,111,113,115 

COLORADO 0800199.imp 1999 2050 1,5,13,14,31,35,59 

COLORADO 0804199.imp 1999 2050 41,69,97,123 

CONNECTICUT 0900199.imp 1999 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15 

DELAWARE 1000191.imp 1999 2050 1 

DELAWARE 1000383.imp 1999 2050 3 

DELAWARE 1000591.imp 1999 2050 5 

DISTRICT OF 

COLUMBIA 

1100102.imp 1999 2002 1 

DISTRICT OF 

COLUMBIA 

1100103.imp 2003 2003 1 

DISTRICT OF 

COLUMBIA 

1100105.imp 2004 2050 1 

FLORIDA 1200099.imp 1999 2050 11,31,57,86,99,103 

GEORGIA 1305799.imp 1999 1999 57,63,77,97,113,117,151,223,247 

GEORGIA 1305700.imp 2000 2001 57,63,77,97,113,117,151,223,247 

GEORGIA 1305702.imp 2002 2050 57,63,77,97,113,117,151,223,247 

GEORGIA 1306799.imp 1999 1999 67,89,121,135 

GEORGIA 1306700.imp 2000 2001 67,89,121,135 

GEORGIA 1306702.imp 2002 2050 67,89,121,135 

IDAHO 1600099.imp 1999 2050 1 

ILLINOIS 1700099.imp 1999 2001 31,43,63,89,93,97,111,119,133,163,197 

ILLINOIS 1700002.imp 2002 2050 31,43,63,89,93,97,111,119,133,163,197 

INDIANA 1806101.imp 2001 2050 61 

INDIANA 1808997.imp 1999 2050 19,43,89,127 

KENTUCKY 2111198.imp 1999 2001 15,37,111,117 

KENTUCKY 2111102.imp 2002 2050 15,37,111,117 

LOUISIANA 2200000.imp 2000 2050 33,121 

MAINE 2300599.imp 1999 2004 5 

MAINE 2300505.imp 2005 2050 5 

MARYLAND 2400995.imp 1999 2002 9,15,17,21,35 

MARYLAND 2400903.imp 2003 2050 9,15,17,21,35 

MARYLAND 2400002.imp 1999 2002 3,5,13,25,27,31,33,43,510 

MARYLAND 2400003.imp 2003 2004 3,5,13,25,27,31,33,43,510 

MARYLAND 2400305.imp 2005 2050 3,5,9,13,15,17,21,25,27,31,33,35,43,510 

MASSACHUSETTS 2500099.imp 1999 1999 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 

MASSACHUSETTS 2500000.imp 2000 2002 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 

MASSACHUSETTS 2500003.imp 2003 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 

MINNESOTA 2700099.imp 1999 2050 3,19,37,53,123,139,163,171 

MISSOURI 2900099.imp 1999 2050 71,99,183,189,510 

NEVADA 3200099.imp 1999 2050 3,31 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 3300002.imp 2002 2050 11,15,17 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-3 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-1. List of I/M Program File Names Used for Version 2 of the 

2005 National Emission Inventory 

NEW JERSEY 3400199.imp 1999 1999 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31, 

33,35,37,39,41 

NEW JERSEY 3400100.imp 2000 2004 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31, 

33,35,37,39,41 

NEW JERSEY 3400105.imp 2005 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31, 

33,35,37,39,41 

NEW MEXICO 3500189.imp 1999 2002 1 

NEW MEXICO 3500103.imp 2003 2050 1 

NEW YORK 3600101.imp 1999 2002 1,3,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31, 

33,35,37,39,41,43,45,49,51,53,55,57,63,65, 

67,69,71,73,75,77,79,83,89,91,93,95,97, 

99,101,105,107,109,111,113,115,117,121,123 

NEW YORK 3600103.imp 2003 2050 1,3,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35, 

37,39,41,43,45,49,51,53,55,57,63,65,67,69,71, 

73,75,77,79,83,89,91,93,95,97,99,101,105, 

107,109,111,113,115,117,121,123 

NEW YORK 3600599.imp 1999 2002 5,47,59,61,81,85,87,103,119 

NEW YORK 3600503.imp 2003 2050 5,47,59,61,81,85,87,103,119 

NORTH CAROLINA 3702501.imp 2001 2050 25,135,179 

NORTH CAROLINA 3705792.imp 1999 2050 57,59,63,67,71,77,81 

NORTH CAROLINA 3711983.imp 1999 2050 119 

NORTH CAROLINA 3718387.imp 1999 2050 183 

OHIO 3905596.imp 1999 2002 17,23,35,55,57,61,85,93,113,133,153,165 

OHIO 3905503.imp 2003 2050 17,23,35,55,57,61,85,93,113,133,153,165 

OHIO 3910398.imp 1999 2002 25,103 

OHIO 3910303.imp 2003 2050 25,103 

OREGON 4100597.imp 1999 2000 5,51,67 

OREGON 4100501.imp 2001 2050 5,51,67 

OREGON 4100901.imp 2001 2050 9,71 

OREGON 4102997.imp 1999 2000 29 

OREGON 4102901.imp 2001 2050 29 

PENNSYLVANIA 4201797.imp 1999 2050 17,29,45,91,101 

PENNSYLVANIA 4201101.imp 2001 2050 11,13,21,27,41,43,49,69,71,75,79,81,85,133 

PENNSYLVANIA 4200397.imp 1999 2050 3,7,73,125,129 

PENNSYLVANIA 4207785.imp 1999 2050 77,95 

RHODE ISLAND 4400002.imp 1999 2050 1,3,5,7,9 

TENNESSEE 4703785.imp 1999 2050 37 

TENNESSEE 4714995.imp 1999 2050 149,165,187,189 

TENNESSEE 4715784.imp 1999 2050 157 

TEXAS 4808500.imp 2000 2001 85,121 

TEXAS 4808502.imp 2002 2050 85,121 

TEXAS 4811390.imp 1999 2001 113,439 

TEXAS 4811302.imp 2002 2050 113,439 

TEXAS 4814102.imp 1999 2050 141 

TEXAS 4820197.imp 1999 2001 201 

TEXAS 4820102.imp 2002 2050 201 

TEXAS 4803902.imp 2000 2050 39,71,157,167,291,339,473 

UTAH 4901197.imp 1999 2050 11 

UTAH 4903502.imp 1999 2002 35 

UTAH 4903503.imp 2003 2004 35 

UTAH 4903505.imp 2005 2050 35 

UTAH 4904986.imp 1999 2001 49 

UTAH 4904902.imp 2002 2004 49 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-4 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-1. List of I/M Program File Names Used for Version 2 of the 

2005 National Emission Inventory 

UTAH 4904905.imp 2005 2050 49 

UTAH 4905792.imp 1999 2001 57 

UTAH 4905702.imp 2002 2004 57 

UTAH 4905705.imp 2005 2050 57 

VERMONT 5000097.imp 1999 2001 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 

VERMONT 5000002.imp 2002 2050 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 

VIRGINIA 5101302.imp 1999 2004 13,59,153,510,600,610,683,685 

VIRGINIA 5101305.imp 2005 2050 13,59,153,510,600,610,683,685 

VIRGINIA 5110702.imp 1999 2004 107,179 

VIRGINIA 5110705.imp 2005 2050 107,179 

WASHINGTON 5301198.imp 1999 2001 11 

WASHINGTON 5301102.imp 2002 2050 11 

WASHINGTON 5303382.imp 1999 2001 33 

WASHINGTON 5303302.imp 2002 2050 33 

WASHINGTON 5305393.imp 1999 2001 53 

WASHINGTON 5305302.imp 2002 2050 53 

WASHINGTON 5306193.imp 1999 2001 61 

WASHINGTON 5306102.imp 2002 2050 61 

WASHINGTON 5306385.imp 1999 2001 63 

WASHINGTON 5306302.imp 2002 2050 63 

WISCONSIN 5505984.imp 1999 2000 59,79,89,101,131,133 

WISCONSIN 5505902.imp 2001 2050 59,79,89,101,131,133 

WISCONSIN 5511794.imp 1999 2000 117 

WISCONSIN 5511702.imp 2001 2050 117 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-5 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-2. Anti-Tampering Files Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation ATP File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

2 20 AK atp02020.txt 

2 90 AK atp02090.txt 

13 4 AZ 0401305.atp 3 

19 4 AZ atp04019.txt 

6 1 CA atp06001.txt 

6 7 CA atp06007.txt 

6 11 CA atp06007.txt 

6 13 CA atp06001.txt 

6 17 CA atp06007.txt 

6 19 CA atp06007.txt 

6 21 CA atp06007.txt 

6 29 CA atp06007.txt 

6 31 CA atp06007.txt 

6 37 CA atp06007.txt 

6 39 CA atp06007.txt 

6 41 CA atp06001.txt 

6 47 CA atp06007.txt 

6 53 CA atp06007.txt 

6 55 CA atp06001.txt 

6 57 CA atp06007.txt 

6 59 CA atp06007.txt 

6 61 CA atp06007.txt 

6 65 CA atp06007.txt 

6 67 CA atp06007.txt 

6 69 CA atp06007.txt 

6 71 CA atp06007.txt 

6 73 CA atp06007.txt 

6 75 CA atp06001.txt 

6 77 CA atp06007.txt 

6 79 CA atp06007.txt 

6 81 CA atp06001.txt 

6 83 CA atp06007.txt 

6 85 CA atp06007.txt 

6 87 CA atp06007.txt 

6 89 CA atp06007.txt 

6 95 CA atp06001.txt 

6 97 CA atp06007.txt 

6 99 CA atp06007.txt 

6 101 CA atp06007.txt 

6 103 CA atp06007.txt 

6 107 CA atp06007.txt 

6 111 CA atp06007.txt 

6 113 CA atp06007.txt 

6 115 CA atp06007.txt 

8 1 CO atp08001.txt 

8 5 CO atp08001.txt 

8 13 CO atp08001.txt 

8 14 CO atp08001.txt 

8 31 CO atp08001.txt 

8 35 CO atp08001.txt 

8 41 CO atp08001.txt 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-6 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-2. Anti-Tampering Files Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation ATP File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

8 59 CO atp08001.txt 

8 69 CO atp08069.txt 

8 123 CO atp08097.txt 

9 1 CT atp09001.txt 

9 3 CT atp09001.txt 

9 5 CT atp09001.txt 

9 7 CT atp09001.txt 

9 9 CT atp09001.txt 

9 11 CT atp09001.txt 

9 13 CT atp09001.txt 

9 15 CT atp09001.txt 

11 1 DC 1100105.atp 3 

13 67 GA atp13067.txt 

13 89 GA atp13067.txt 

13 121 GA atp13067.txt 

13 135 GA atp13067.txt 

16 1 ID atp16001.txt 

18 19 IN atp18019.txt 

18 43 IN atp18019.txt 

18 89 IN atp18089.txt 

18 127 IN atp18089.txt 

21 15 KY atp21015.txt 

21 37 KY atp21015.txt 

21 117 KY atp21015.txt 

21 111 KY atp21015.txt 

22 5 LA atp22005.txt 

22 19 LA atp22005.txt 

22 33 LA atp22005.txt 

22 47 LA atp22005.txt 

22 63 LA atp22005.txt 

22 77 LA atp22005.txt 

22 121 LA atp22005.txt 

23 1 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 3 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 5 ME 2300505.atp 3 

23 7 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 9 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 11 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 13 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 15 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 17 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 19 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 21 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 23 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 25 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 27 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 29 ME 2300005.atp 3 

23 31 ME 2300005.atp 3 

24 3 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 5 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 9 MD 2400305.atp 3 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-7 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-2. Anti-Tampering Files Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation ATP File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

24 13 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 15 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 17 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 21 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 25 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 27 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 31 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 33 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 35 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 43 MD 2400305.atp 3 

24 510 MD 2400305.atp 3 

25 1 MA atp25001.txt 

25 3 MA atp25001.txt 

25 5 MA atp25001.txt 

25 7 MA atp25001.txt 

25 9 MA atp25001.txt 

25 11 MA atp25001.txt 

25 13 MA atp25001.txt 

25 15 MA atp25001.txt 

25 17 MA atp25001.txt 

25 19 MA atp25001.txt 

25 21 MA atp25001.txt 

25 23 MA atp25001.txt 

25 25 MA atp25001.txt 

25 27 MA atp25001.txt 

29 71 MO atp29071.txt 

29 99 MO atp29071.txt 

29 183 MO atp29071.txt 

29 189 MO atp29071.txt 

29 510 MO atp29071.txt 

32 3 NV atp32003.txt 

32 31 NV atp32003.txt 

33 11 NH atp33011.txt 

33 15 NH atp33011.txt 

34 1 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 3 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 5 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 7 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 9 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 11 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 13 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 15 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 17 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 19 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 21 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 23 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 25 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 27 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 29 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 31 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 33 NJ atp34001.txt 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-8 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-2. Anti-Tampering Files Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation ATP File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

34 35 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 37 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 39 NJ atp34001.txt 

34 41 NJ atp34001.txt 

36 1 NY 3600102.atp 

36 3 NY 3600102.atp 

36 5 NY atp36005.txt 

36 7 NY 3600102.atp 

36 9 NY 3600102.atp 

36 11 NY 3600102.atp 

36 13 NY 3600102.atp 

36 15 NY 3600102.atp 

36 17 NY 3600102.atp 

36 19 NY 3600102.atp 

36 21 NY 3600102.atp 

36 23 NY 3600102.atp 

36 25 NY 3600102.atp 

36 27 NY 3600102.atp 

36 29 NY 3600102.atp 

36 31 NY 3600102.atp 

36 33 NY 3600102.atp 

36 35 NY 3600102.atp 

36 37 NY 3600102.atp 

36 39 NY 3600102.atp 

36 41 NY 3600102.atp 

36 43 NY 3600102.atp 

36 45 NY 3600102.atp 

36 47 NY atp36005.txt 

36 49 NY 3600102.atp 

36 53 NY 3600102.atp 

36 55 NY 3600102.atp 

36 57 NY 3600102.atp 

36 59 NY atp36005.txt 

36 61 NY atp36005.txt 

36 63 NY 3600102.atp 

36 65 NY 3600102.atp 

36 67 NY 3600102.atp 

36 69 NY 3600102.atp 

36 71 NY 3600102.atp 

36 73 NY 3600102.atp 

36 75 NY 3600102.atp 

36 77 NY 3600102.atp 

36 79 NY 3600102.atp 

36 81 NY atp36005.txt 

36 83 NY 3600102.atp 

36 85 NY atp36005.txt 

36 87 NY atp36005.txt 

36 89 NY 3600102.atp 

36 91 NY 3600102.atp 

36 93 NY 3600102.atp 

36 95 NY 3600102.atp 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-9 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-2. Anti-Tampering Files Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation ATP File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

36 97 NY 3600102.atp 

36 99 NY 3600102.atp 

36 101 NY 3600102.atp 

36 103 NY atp36005.txt 

36 105 NY 3600102.atp 

36 107 NY 3600102.atp 

36 109 NY 3600102.atp 

36 111 NY 3600102.atp 

36 113 NY 3600102.atp 

36 115 NY 3600102.atp 

36 117 NY 3600102.atp 

36 119 NY atp36005.txt 

36 121 NY 3600102.atp 

36 123 NY 3600102.atp 

37 57 NC atp37057.txt 

37 59 NC atp37057.txt 

37 63 NC atp37057.txt 

37 67 NC atp37057.txt 

37 71 NC atp37071.txt 

37 77 NC atp37071.txt 

37 81 NC atp37057.txt 

37 119 NC atp37119.txt 

37 183 NC atp37183.txt 

39 17 OH atp39017.txt 

39 23 OH atp39017.txt 

39 25 OH atp39025.txt 

39 35 OH atp39035.txt 

39 55 OH atp39035.txt 

39 57 OH atp39017.txt 

39 61 OH atp39017.txt 

39 85 OH atp39035.txt 

39 93 OH atp39035.txt 

39 103 OH atp39103.txt 

39 113 OH atp39017.txt 

39 133 OH atp39035.txt 

39 153 OH atp39035.txt 

39 165 OH atp39017.txt 

40 17 OK atp40017.txt 

40 27 OK atp40017.txt 

40 37 OK atp40017.txt 

40 73 OK atp40017.txt 

40 81 OK atp40017.txt 

40 83 OK atp40017.txt 

40 87 OK atp40017.txt 

40 109 OK atp40017.txt 

40 113 OK atp40017.txt 

40 125 OK atp40017.txt 

40 131 OK atp40017.txt 

40 143 OK atp40017.txt 

40 145 OK atp40017.txt 

41 5 OR atp41005.txt 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-10 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-2. Anti-Tampering Files Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation ATP File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

41 29 OR atp41029.txt 

41 67 OR atp41005.txt 

42 3 PA atp42003.txt 

42 7 PA atp42007.txt 

42 17 PA atp42017.txt 

42 29 PA atp42017.txt 

42 45 PA atp42017.txt 

42 73 PA atp42073.txt 

42 91 PA atp42017.txt 

42 101 PA atp42017.txt 

42 125 PA atp42007.txt 

42 129 PA atp42007.txt 

47 37 TN atp47037.txt 

47 149 TN atp47149.txt 

47 165 TN atp47149.txt 

47 187 TN atp47149.txt 

47 189 TN atp47149.txt 

48 85 TX 4808502.atp 

48 113 TX atp48113.txt 

48 121 TX 4808502.atp 

48 141 TX atp48141.txt 

48 201 TX atp48113.txt 

48 439 TX atp48113.txt 

49 11 UT 4901105.atp 3 

49 35 UT 4903505.atp 3 

49 49 UT 4904905.atp 3 

49 57 UT 4905705.atp 3 

51 13 VA 5101305.atp 3 

51 59 VA 5101305.atp 3 

51 107 VA 5110705.atp 3 

51 153 VA 5101305.atp 3 

51 179 VA 5110705.atp 3 

51 510 VA 5101305.atp 3 

51 600 VA 5101305.atp 3 

51 610 VA 5101305.atp 3 

51 683 VA 5101305.atp 3 

51 685 VA 5101305.atp 3 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-11 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-3. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2005 

FIPS 

State 

Code State Name 

FIPS 

County 

Code County Name Effect.% 

6 CALIFORNIA 1 Alameda County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 3 Alpine County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 7 Butte County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 13 Contra Costa County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 17 El Dorado County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 19 Fresno County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 21 Glenn County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 25 Imperial County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 27 Inyo County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 29 Kern County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 31 Kings County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 37 Los Angeles County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 39 Madera County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 41 Marin County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 47 Merced County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 51 Mono County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 53 Monterey County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 55 Napa County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 57 Nevada County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 59 Orange County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 61 Placer County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 63 Plumas County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 65 Riverside County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 67 Sacramento County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 69 San Benito County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 71 San Bernardino County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 73 San Diego County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 75 San Francisco County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 77 San Joaquin County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 79 San Luis Obispo County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 81 San Mateo County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 83 Santa Barbara County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 85 Santa Clara County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 87 Santa Cruz County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 89 Shasta County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 91 Sierra County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 95 Solano County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 97 Sonoma County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 99 Stanislaus County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 101 Sutter County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 107 Tulare County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 109 Tuolumne County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 111 Ventura County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 113 Yolo County 95 

6 CALIFORNIA 115 Yuba County 95 

9 CONNECTICUT 1 Fairfield County 95 

9 CONNECTICUT 3 Hartford County 95 

9 CONNECTICUT 5 Litchfield County 95 

9 CONNECTICUT 7 Middlesex County 95 

9 CONNECTICUT 9 New Haven County 95 

9 CONNECTICUT 11 New London County 95 

9 CONNECTICUT 13 Tolland County 95 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-12 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-3. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2005 

FIPS 

State 

Code State Name 

FIPS 

County 

Code County Name Effect.% 

9 CONNECTICUT 15 Windham County 95 

10 DELAWARE 1 Kent County 86 

10 DELAWARE 3 New Castle County 86 

10 DELAWARE 5 Sussex County 86 

11 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1 District of Columbia 86 

12 FLORIDA 11 Broward County 95 

12 FLORIDA 86 Miami-Dade County 95 

12 FLORIDA 99 Palm Beach County 95 

13 GEORGIA 57 Cherokee County 86 

13 GEORGIA 63 Clayton County 86 

13 GEORGIA 67 Cobb County 86 

13 GEORGIA 77 Coweta County 86 

13 GEORGIA 89 DeKalb County 86 

13 GEORGIA 97 Douglas County 86 

13 GEORGIA 113 Fayette County 86 

13 GEORGIA 117 Forsyth County 86 

13 GEORGIA 121 Fulton County 86 

13 GEORGIA 135 Gwinnett County 86 

13 GEORGIA 151 Henry County 86 

13 GEORGIA 223 Paulding County 86 

13 GEORGIA 247 Rockdale County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 31 Cook County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 43 DuPage County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 63 Grundy County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 89 Kane County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 93 Kendall County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 97 Lake County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 111 McHenry County 86 

17 ILLINOIS 197 Will County 86 

18 INDIANA 19 Clark County 86 

18 INDIANA 43 Floyd County 86 

18 INDIANA 89 Lake County 86 

18 INDIANA 127 Porter County 86 

21 KENTUCKY 15 Boone County 95 

21 KENTUCKY 19 Boyd County 95 

21 KENTUCKY 29 Bullitt County 95 

21 KENTUCKY 37 Campbell County 95 

21 KENTUCKY 89 Greenup County 95 

21 KENTUCKY 111 Jefferson County 95 

21 KENTUCKY 117 Kenton County 95 

21 KENTUCKY 185 Oldham County 95 

22 LOUISIANA 5 Ascension Parish 95 

22 LOUISIANA 33 East Baton Rouge Parish 95 

22 LOUISIANA 47 Iberville Parish 95 

22 LOUISIANA 63 Livingston Parish 95 

22 LOUISIANA 77 Pointe Coupee Parish 95 

22 LOUISIANA 121 West Baton Rouge Parish 95 

23 MAINE 5 Cumberland County 45* 

23 MAINE 23 Sagadahoc County 41* 

23 MAINE 31 York County 35* 

24 MARYLAND 3 Anne Arundel County 95 

24 MARYLAND 5 Baltimore County 95 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-13 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-3. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2005 

FIPS 

State 

Code State Name 

FIPS 

County 

Code County Name Effect.% 

24 MARYLAND 9 Calvert County 95 

24 MARYLAND 13 Carroll County 95 

24 MARYLAND 15 Cecil County 95 

24 MARYLAND 17 Charles County 95 

24 MARYLAND 21 Frederick County 95 

24 MARYLAND 25 Harford County 95 

24 MARYLAND 27 Howard County 95 

24 MARYLAND 31 Montgomery County 95 

24 MARYLAND 33 Prince George’s County 95 

24 MARYLAND 510 Baltimore city 95 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 1 Barnstable County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 3 Berkshire County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 5 Bristol County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 7 Dukes County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 9 Essex County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 11 Franklin County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 13 Hampden County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 15 Hampshire County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 17 Middlesex County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 19 Nantucket County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 21 Norfolk County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 23 Plymouth County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 25 Suffolk County 86 

25 MASSACHUSETTS 27 Worcester County 86 

29 MISSOURI 71 Franklin County 95 

29 MISSOURI 99 Jefferson County 95 

29 MISSOURI 183 St. Charles County 95 

29 MISSOURI 189 St. Louis County 95 

29 MISSOURI 510 St. Louis city 95 

32 NEVADA 3 Clark County 95 

32 NEVADA 31 Washoe County 95 

33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 11 Hillsborough County 86 

33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 13 Merrimack County 86 

33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 15 Rockingham County 86 

33 NEW HAMPSHIRE 17 Strafford County 86 

34 NEW JERSEY 1 Atlantic County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 3 Bergen County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 5 Burlington County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 7 Camden County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 9 Cape May County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 11 Cumberland County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 13 Essex County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 15 Gloucester County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 17 Hudson County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 19 Hunterdon County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 21 Mercer County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 23 Middlesex County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 25 Monmouth County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 27 Morris County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 29 Ocean County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 31 Passaic County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 33 Salem County 62 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-14 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-3. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2005 

FIPS 

State 

Code State Name 

FIPS 

County 

Code County Name Effect.% 

34 NEW JERSEY 35 Somerset County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 37 Sussex County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 39 Union County 62 

34 NEW JERSEY 41 Warren County 62 

36 NEW YORK 5 Bronx County 90 

36 NEW YORK 47 Kings County 90 

36 NEW YORK 59 Nassau County 90 

36 NEW YORK 61 New York County 90 

36 NEW YORK 71 Orange County 90 

36 NEW YORK 81 Queens County 90 

36 NEW YORK 85 Richmond County 90 

36 NEW YORK 87 Rockland County 90 

36 NEW YORK 103 Suffolk County 90 

36 NEW YORK 119 Westchester County 90 

39 OHIO 7 Ashtabula County 77 

39 OHIO 17 Butler County 77 

39 OHIO 23 Clark County 77 

39 OHIO 25 Clermont County 77 

39 OHIO 35 Cuyahoga County 77 

39 OHIO 55 Geauga County 77 

39 OHIO 57 Greene County 77 

39 OHIO 61 Hamilton County 77 

39 OHIO 85 Lake County 77 

39 OHIO 93 Lorain County 77 

39 OHIO 103 Medina County 77 

39 OHIO 109 Miami County 77 

39 OHIO 113 Montgomery County 77 

39 OHIO 133 Portage County 77 

39 OHIO 153 Summit County 77 

39 OHIO 165 Warren County 77 

41 OREGON 5 Clackamus County 86 

41 OREGON 51 Multnomah County 86 

41 OREGON 67 Washington County 86 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 3 Allegheny County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 5 Armstrong County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 7 Beaver County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 11 Berks County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 17 Bucks County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 19 Butler County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 29 Chester County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 45 Delaware County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 51 Fayette County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 91 Montgomery County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 101 Philadelphia County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 125 Washington County 95 

42 PENNSYLVANIA 129 Westmoreland County 95 

44 RHODE ISLAND 1 Bristol County 86 

44 RHODE ISLAND 3 Kent County 86 

44 RHODE ISLAND 5 Newport County 86 

44 RHODE ISLAND 7 Providence County 86 

44 RHODE ISLAND 9 Washington County 86 

47 TENNESSEE 37 Davidson County 86 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-15 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-3. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2005 

FIPS 

State 

Code State Name 

FIPS 

County 

Code County Name Effect.% 

47 TENNESSEE 149 Rutherford County 86 

47 TENNESSEE 165 Sumner County 86 

47 TENNESSEE 187 Williamson County 86 

47 TENNESSEE 189 Wilson County 86 

48 TEXAS 39 Brazoria County 95 

48 TEXAS 71 Chambers County 95 

48 TEXAS 85 Collin County 95 

48 TEXAS 113 Dallas County 95 

48 TEXAS 121 Denton County 95 

48 TEXAS 141 El Paso County 95 

48 TEXAS 157 Fort Bend County 95 

48 TEXAS 167 Galveston County 95 

48 TEXAS 199 Hardin County 95 

48 TEXAS 201 Harris County 95 

48 TEXAS 245 Jefferson County 95 

48 TEXAS 291 Liberty County 95 

48 TEXAS 339 Montgomery County 95 

48 TEXAS 361 Orange County 95 

48 TEXAS 439 Tarrant County 95 

48 TEXAS 473 Waller County 95 

50 VERMONT 1 Addison County 86 

50 VERMONT 3 Bennington County 86 

50 VERMONT 5 Caledonia County 86 

50 VERMONT 7 Chittenden County 86 

50 VERMONT 9 Essex County 86 

50 VERMONT 11 Franklin County 86 

50 VERMONT 13 Grand Isle County 86 

50 VERMONT 15 Lamoille County 86 

50 VERMONT 17 Orange County 86 

50 VERMONT 19 Orleans County 86 

50 VERMONT 21 Rutland County 86 

50 VERMONT 23 Washington County 86 

50 VERMONT 25 Windham County 86 

50 VERMONT 27 Windsor County 86 

51 VIRGINIA 13 Arlington County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 36 Charles City County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 41 Chesterfield County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 59 Fairfax County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 85 Hanover County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 87 Henrico County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 107 Loudoun County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 153 Prince William County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 179 Stafford County 95 

51 VIRGINIA 510 Alexandria city 95 

51 VIRGINIA 570 Colonial Heights city 95 

51 VIRGINIA 600 Fairfax city 95 

51 VIRGINIA 610 Falls Church city 95 

51 VIRGINIA 670 Hopewell city 95 

51 VIRGINIA 683 Manassas city 95 

51 VIRGINIA 685 Manassas Park city 95 

51 VIRGINIA 760 Richmond city 95 

53 WASHINGTON 11 Clark County 86 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-16 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-3. Counties With Stage II Control Programs 2005 

FIPS 

State 

Code State Name 

FIPS 

County 

Code County Name Effect.% 

53 WASHINGTON 15 Cowlitz County 86 

53 WASHINGTON 33 King County 86 

53 WASHINGTON 35 Kitsap County 86 

53 WASHINGTON 53 Pierce County 86 

53 WASHINGTON 61 Snohomish County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 59 Kenosha County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 61 Kewaunee County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 71 Manitowoc County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 79 Milwaukee County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 89 Ozaukee County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 101 Racine County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 117 Sheboygan County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 131 Washington County 86 

55 WISCONSIN 133 Waukesha County 86 

*NOTE: For the 2005 NEI, Maine provided listed values for LDV Stage 2; control effectiveness values of 4, 3, and 

3% were submitted for HDV Stage 2 for Cumberland, Sagadahoc, and York counties, respectively 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-17 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

1 AL Default 

2 AK Default 

4 AZ 401305 3 

4 AZ 401902 

4 AZ Default 

5 AR Default 

6 CA Default 

8 CO Default 

9 CT Default 

10 DE 1000102 

10 DE 1000302 

10 DE 1000502 

11 DC 1100105 3 

12 FL Default 

13 GA Default 

15 HI Default 

16 ID Default 

17 IL 1703102 

17 IL 1711902 

17 IL Default 

18 IN Default 

19 IA 1900102 

19 IA 1900302 

19 IA 1900502 

19 IA 1900702 

19 IA 1900902 

19 IA 1901102 

19 IA 1901302 

19 IA 1901502 

19 IA 1901702 

19 IA 1901902 

19 IA 1902102 

19 IA 1902302 

19 IA 1902502 

19 IA 1902702 

19 IA 1902902 

19 IA 1903102 

19 IA 1903302 

19 IA 1903502 

19 IA 1903702 

19 IA 1903902 

19 IA 1904102 

19 IA 1904302 

19 IA 1904502 

19 IA 1904702 

19 IA 1904902 

19 IA 1905102 

19 IA 1905302 

19 IA 1905502 

19 IA 1905702 

19 IA 1905902 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-18 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

19 IA 1906102 

19 IA 1906302 

19 IA 1906502 

19 IA 1906702 

19 IA 1906902 

19 IA 1907102 

19 IA 1907302 

19 IA 1907502 

19 IA 1907702 

19 IA 1907902 

19 IA 1908102 

19 IA 1908302 

19 IA 1908502 

19 IA 1908702 

19 IA 1908902 

19 IA 1909102 

19 IA 1909302 

19 IA 1909502 

19 IA 1909702 

19 IA 1909902 

19 IA 1910102 

19 IA 1910302 

19 IA 1910502 

19 IA 1910702 

19 IA 1910902 

19 IA 1911102 

19 IA 1911302 

19 IA 1911502 

19 IA 1911702 

19 IA 1911902 

19 IA 1912102 

19 IA 1912302 

19 IA 1912502 

19 IA 1912702 

19 IA 1912902 

19 IA 1913102 

19 IA 1913302 

19 IA 1913502 

19 IA 1913702 

19 IA 1913902 

19 IA 1914102 

19 IA 1914302 

19 IA 1914502 

19 IA 1914702 

19 IA 1914902 

19 IA 1915102 

19 IA 1915302 

19 IA 1915502 

19 IA 1915702 

19 IA 1915902 

19 IA 1916102 

19 IA 1916302 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-19 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

19 IA 1916502 

19 IA 1916702 

19 IA 1916902 

19 IA 1917102 

19 IA 1917302 

19 IA 1917502 

19 IA 1917702 

19 IA 1917902 

19 IA 1918102 

19 IA 1918302 

19 IA 1918502 

19 IA 1918702 

19 IA 1918902 

19 IA 1919102 

19 IA 1919302 

19 IA 1919502 

19 IA 1919702 

20 KS Default 

21 KY 2111102 

21 KY Default 

22 LA Default 

23 ME Default 

24 MD 2400105 3 

24 MD 2400305 3 

24 MD 2401505 3 

24 MD 2402905 3 

24 MD 2403505 3 

24 MD 2404305 3 

25 MA 2500002 

26 MI Default 

27 MN 2700102 

27 MN 2700302 

27 MN 2700502 

27 MN 2700702 

27 MN 2700902 

27 MN 2701102 

27 MN 2701302 

27 MN 2701502 

27 MN 2701702 

27 MN 2701902 

27 MN 2702102 

27 MN 2702302 

27 MN 2702502 

27 MN 2702702 

27 MN 2702902 

27 MN 2703102 

27 MN 2703302 

27 MN 2703502 

27 MN 2703702 

27 MN 2703902 

27 MN 2704102 

27 MN 2704302 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-20 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

27 MN 2704502 

27 MN 2704702 

27 MN 2704902 

27 MN 2705102 

27 MN 2705302 

27 MN 2705502 

27 MN 2705702 

27 MN 2705902 

27 MN 2706102 

27 MN 2706302 

27 MN 2706502 

27 MN 2706702 

27 MN 2706902 

27 MN 2707102 

27 MN 2707302 

27 MN 2707502 

27 MN 2707702 

27 MN 2707902 

27 MN 2708102 

27 MN 2708302 

27 MN 2708502 

27 MN 2708702 

27 MN 2708902 

27 MN 2709102 

27 MN 2709302 

27 MN 2709502 

27 MN 2709702 

27 MN 2709902 

27 MN 2710102 

27 MN 2710302 

27 MN 2710502 

27 MN 2710702 

27 MN 2710902 

27 MN 2711102 

27 MN 2711302 

27 MN 2711502 

27 MN 2711702 

27 MN 2711902 

27 MN 2712102 

27 MN 2712302 

27 MN 2712502 

27 MN 2712702 

27 MN 2712902 

27 MN 2713102 

27 MN 2713302 

27 MN 2713502 

27 MN 2713702 

27 MN 2713902 

27 MN 2714102 

27 MN 2714302 

27 MN 2714502 

27 MN 2714702 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-21 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

27 MN 2714902 

27 MN 2715102 

27 MN 2715302 

27 MN 2715502 

27 MN 2715702 

27 MN 2715902 

27 MN 2716102 

27 MN 2716302 

27 MN 2716502 

27 MN 2716702 

27 MN 2716902 

27 MN 2717102 

27 MN 2717302 

28 MS Default 

29 MO Default 

30 MT Default 

31 NE Default 

32 NV Default 

33 NH Default 

34 NJ 3400102 

35 NM Default 

36 NY 3600102 

36 NY 3600502 

37 NC Default 

38 ND Default 

39 OH 3900102 

39 OH 3900302 

39 OH 3900502 

39 OH 3900702 

39 OH 3900902 

39 OH 3901102 

39 OH 3901302 

39 OH 3901502 

39 OH 3901702 

39 OH 3901902 

39 OH 3902102 

39 OH 3902302 

39 OH 3902502 

39 OH 3902702 

39 OH 3902902 

39 OH 3903102 

39 OH 3903302 

39 OH 3903502 

39 OH 3903702 

39 OH 3903902 

39 OH 3904102 

39 OH 3904302 

39 OH 3904502 

39 OH 3904702 

39 OH 3904902 

39 OH 3905102 

39 OH 3905302 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-22 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

39 OH 3905502 

39 OH 3905702 

39 OH 3905902 

39 OH 3906102 

39 OH 3906302 

39 OH 3906502 

39 OH 3906702 

39 OH 3906902 

39 OH 3907102 

39 OH 3907302 

39 OH 3907502 

39 OH 3907702 

39 OH 3907902 

39 OH 3908102 

39 OH 3908302 

39 OH 3908502 

39 OH 3908702 

39 OH 3908902 

39 OH 3909102 

39 OH 3909302 

39 OH 3909502 

39 OH 3909702 

39 OH 3909902 

39 OH 3910102 

39 OH 3910302 

39 OH 3910502 

39 OH 3910702 

39 OH 3910902 

39 OH 3911102 

39 OH 3911302 

39 OH 3911502 

39 OH 3911702 

39 OH 3911902 

39 OH 3912102 

39 OH 3912302 

39 OH 3912502 

39 OH 3912702 

39 OH 3912902 

39 OH 3913102 

39 OH 3913302 

39 OH 3913502 

39 OH 3913702 

39 OH 3913902 

39 OH 3914102 

39 OH 3914302 

39 OH 3914502 

39 OH 3914702 

39 OH 3914902 

39 OH 3915102 

39 OH 3915302 

39 OH 3915502 

39 OH 3915702 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-23 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

39 OH 3915902 

39 OH 3916102 

39 OH 3916302 

39 OH 3916502 

39 OH 3916702 

39 OH 3916902 

39 OH 3917102 

39 OH 3917302 

39 OH 3917502 

40 OK Default 

41 OR 4100102 

41 OR 4100302 

41 OR 4100502 

41 OR 4100702 

41 OR 4100902 

41 OR 4101102 

41 OR 4101302 

41 OR 4101502 

41 OR 4101702 

41 OR 4101902 

41 OR 4102102 

41 OR 4102302 

41 OR 4102502 

41 OR 4102702 

41 OR 4102902 

41 OR 4103102 

41 OR 4103302 

41 OR 4103502 

41 OR 4103702 

41 OR 4103902 

41 OR 4104102 

41 OR 4104302 

41 OR 4104502 

41 OR 4104702 

41 OR 4104902 

41 OR 4105102 

41 OR 4105302 

41 OR 4105502 

41 OR 4105702 

41 OR 4105902 

41 OR 4106102 

41 OR 4106302 

41 OR 4106502 

41 OR 4106702 

41 OR 4106902 

41 OR 4107102 

42 PA Default 

44 RI 4400002 

45 SC Default 

46 SD Default 

47 TN 4700302 

47 TN 4703702 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-24 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

47 TN 4706502 

47 TN 4709302 

47 TN 4715702 

47 TN 4716302 

47 TN Default 

48 TX 4800102 

48 TX 4800302 

48 TX 4800502 

48 TX 4800702 

48 TX 4800902 

48 TX 4801102 

48 TX 4801302 

48 TX 4801502 

48 TX 4801702 

48 TX 4802102 

48 TX 4802702 

48 TX 4802902 

48 TX 4803102 

48 TX 4803302 

48 TX 4803702 

48 TX 4803902 

48 TX 4804102 

48 TX 4804302 

48 TX 4804502 

48 TX 4804702 

48 TX 4804902 

48 TX 4805502 

48 TX 4807102 

48 TX 4808102 

48 TX 4808502 

48 TX 4809102 

48 TX 4811302 

48 TX 4811902 

48 TX 4812102 

48 TX 4812702 

48 TX 4813902 

48 TX 4814102 

48 TX 4814302 

48 TX 4815702 

48 TX 4816702 

48 TX 4818302 

48 TX 4818702 

48 TX 4819902 

48 TX 4820102 

48 TX 4820302 

48 TX 4820902 

48 TX 4821302 

48 TX 4822102 

48 TX 4823102 

48 TX 4824102 

48 TX 4824502 

48 TX 4825102 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-25 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

48 TX 4825702 

48 TX 4829102 

48 TX 4833902 

48 TX 4836102 

48 TX 4836702 

48 TX 4839702 

48 TX 4840102 

48 TX 4842302 

48 TX 4843902 

48 TX 4845302 

48 TX 4845902 

48 TX 4847302 

48 TX 4849102 

48 TX 4849302 

49 UT 4900105 3 

49 UT 4900305 3 

49 UT 4900505 3 

49 UT 4900705 3 

49 UT 4900905 3 

49 UT 4901105 3 

49 UT 4901305 3 

49 UT 4901505 3 

49 UT 4901705 3 

49 UT 4901905 3 

49 UT 4902105 3 

49 UT 4902305 3 

49 UT 4902505 3 

49 UT 4902705 3 

49 UT 4902905 3 

49 UT 4903105 3 

49 UT 4903305 3 

49 UT 4903505 3 

49 UT 4903705 3 

49 UT 4903905 3 

49 UT 4904105 3 

49 UT 4904305 3 

49 UT 4904505 3 

49 UT 4904705 3 

49 UT 4904905 3 

49 UT 4905105 3 

49 UT 4905305 3 

49 UT 4905505 3 

49 UT 4905705 3 

50 VT 5000002 

51 VA 5101305 3 

51 VA 5102305 3 

51 VA 5103605 3 

51 VA 5104105 3 

51 VA 5105905 3 

51 VA 5106905 3 

51 VA 5107305 3 

51 VA 5108505 3 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-26 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-4. Registration Distributions Provided by State, Local, 

and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Registration Distribution 

File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

51 VA 5108705 3 

51 VA 5109305 3 

51 VA 5109505 3 

51 VA 5110705 3 

51 VA 5111305 3 

51 VA 5113905 3 

51 VA 5114905 3 

51 VA 5115305 3 

51 VA 5116105 3 

51 VA 5117705 3 

51 VA 5117905 3 

51 VA 5119905 3 

51 VA 5151005 3 

51 VA 5155005 3 

51 VA 5157005 3 

51 VA 5160005 3 

51 VA 5161005 3 

51 VA 5163005 3 

51 VA 5165005 3 

51 VA 5167005 3 

51 VA 5168305 3 

51 VA 5168505 3 

51 VA 5170005 3 

51 VA 5171005 3 

51 VA 5173005 3 

51 VA 5173505 3 

51 VA 5174005 3 

51 VA 5176005 3 

51 VA 5177005 3 

51 VA 5177505 3 

51 VA 5180005 3 

51 VA 5181005 3 

51 VA 5183005 3 

51 VA 5184005 3 

51 VA Default 3 

53 WA 5300002 

54 WV Default 

55 WI 5500002 

56 WY Default 

72 PR Default 

78 VI Default 

All external file names use the file name extension REG. All file names have the form 

aabbbcc.reg, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two 

digits of the calendar year. Default means that the MOBILE6 default registration 

distributions were used. 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-27 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-5. 25-Year Trend of Vehicle 

Registrations And New Sales in Puerto Rico 

Year 

New Vehicle 

Sales 

Total Vehicle 

Registrations 

1973 138,108 681,596 

1974 66,738 738,485 

1975 73,388 773,742 

1976 83,505 814,373 

1977 110,393 830,373 

1978 101,254 980,200 

1979 103,859 1,035,200 

1980 88,000 1,120,312 

1981 98,193 1,201,774 

1982 66,158 1,228,405 

1983 60,987 1,259,111 

1984 92,974 1,245,000 

1985 116,431 1,353,670 

1986 141,219 1,451,281 

1987 118,048 1,560,308 

1988 131,958 1,551,415 

1989 148,459 1,567,319 

1990 125,577 1,582,081 

1991 116,386 1,516,102 

1992 113,682 1,650,709 

1993 141,550 1,740,371 

1994 146,951 1,872,361 

1995 160,394 2,014,207 

1996 147,605 2,166,697 

1997 180,027 2,272,643 

Highway Statistics 2002. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. 

Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2002. 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-28 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-6. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Diesel Sales 

Fraction File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

1 AL Default 

2 AK Default 

4 AZ 0401305 3 

4 AZ Default 

5 AR Default 

6 CA Default 

8 CO Default 

9 CT Default 

10 DE Default 

11 DC 1100105 3 

12 FL Default 

13 GA Default 

15 HI Default 

16 ID Default 

17 IL Default 

18 IN Default 

19 IA 1900005 

20 KS Default 

21 KY Default 

22 LA Default 

23 ME Default 

24 MD 2400105 3 

24 MD 2400305 3 

24 MD 2401505 3 

24 MD 2402905 3 

24 MD 2403505 3 

24 MD 2404305 3 

24 MD Default 

25 MA Default 

26 MI Default 

27 MN 2700105 

27 MN 2700305 

27 MN 2700505 

27 MN 2700705 

27 MN 2700905 

27 MN 2701105 

27 MN 2701305 

27 MN 2701505 

27 MN 2701705 

27 MN 2701905 

27 MN 2702105 

27 MN 2702305 

27 MN 2702505 

27 MN 2702705 

27 MN 2702905 

27 MN 2703105 

27 MN 2703305 

27 MN 2703505 

27 MN 2703705 

27 MN 2703905 

27 MN 2704105 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-29 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-6. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Diesel Sales 

Fraction File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

27 MN 2704305 

27 MN 2704505 

27 MN 2704705 

27 MN 2704905 

27 MN 2705105 

27 MN 2705305 

27 MN 2705505 

27 MN 2705705 

27 MN 2705905 

27 MN 2706105 

27 MN 2706305 

27 MN 2706505 

27 MN 2706705 

27 MN 2706905 

27 MN 2707105 

27 MN 2707305 

27 MN 2707505 

27 MN 2707705 

27 MN 2707905 

27 MN 2708105 

27 MN 2708305 

27 MN 2708505 

27 MN 2708705 

27 MN 2708905 

27 MN 2709105 

27 MN 2709305 

27 MN 2709505 

27 MN 2709705 

27 MN 2709905 

27 MN 2710105 

27 MN 2710305 

27 MN 2710505 

27 MN 2710705 

27 MN 2710905 

27 MN 2711105 

27 MN 2711305 

27 MN 2711505 

27 MN 2711705 

27 MN 2711905 

27 MN 2712105 

27 MN 2712305 

27 MN 2712505 

27 MN 2712705 

27 MN 2712905 

27 MN 2713105 

27 MN 2713305 

27 MN 2713505 

27 MN 2713705 

27 MN 2713905 

27 MN 2714105 

27 MN 2714305 

27 MN 2714505 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-30 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-6. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Diesel Sales 

Fraction File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

27 MN 2714705 

27 MN 2714905 

27 MN 2715105 

27 MN 2715305 

27 MN 2715505 

27 MN 2715705 

27 MN 2715905 

27 MN 2716105 

27 MN 2716305 

27 MN 2716505 

27 MN 2716705 

27 MN 2716905 

27 MN 2717105 

27 MN 2717305 

28 MS Default 

29 MO Default 

30 MT Default 

31 NE Default 

32 NV Default 

33 NH Default 

34 NJ 3400105 

35 NM Default 

36 NY 3600105 

36 NY 3600505 

37 NC Default 

38 ND Default 

39 OH Default 

40 OK Default 

41 OR Default 

42 PA Default 

44 RI Default 

45 SC Default 

46 SD Default 

47 TN Default 

48 TX 4800105 

48 TX 4802105 

48 TX 4802905 

48 TX 4803905 

48 TX 4808505 

48 TX 4811305 

48 TX 4813905 

48 TX 4814105 

48 TX 4818305 

48 TX 4819905 

49 UT Default 

50 VT Default 

51 VA 5101305 3 

51 VA 5105905 3 

51 VA 5110705 3 

51 VA 5115305 3 

51 VA 5117905 3 

51 VA 5151005 3 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-31 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-6. Diesel Sales Fractions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS State Abbreviation 

Diesel Sales 

Fraction File Name 

Provided Updates 

for 2005 

51 VA Default 

53 WA Default 

54 WV Default 

55 WI Default 

56 WY Default 

72 PR Default 

78 VI Default 

All external file names use the file name extension DSL. All file names have the form 

aabbbcc.dsl, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two 

digits of the calendar year. Default means that the MOBILE6 default diesel sales 

fractions were used. 

NOTE: Diesel Sales Fraction Files for IA, MN, NJ, NY, and TX reported by EPA in NCD 

for 2005 NEI Version 1 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-32 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-7. Average Speeds by Road Type and Vehicle Type 

(mph) 

 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 

Interstate 

Principal 

Arterial 

Minor 

Arterial 

Major 

Collector

Minor 

Collector Local 

LDV 60 45 40 35 30 30 

LDT 55 45 40 35 30 30 

HDV 40 35 30 25 25 25 

 

Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 

Interstate 

Other 

Freeways & 

Expressways

Principal 

Arterial 

Minor 

Arterial Collector Local 

LDV 45 45 20 20 20 20 

LDT 45 45 20 20 20 20 

HDV 35 35 15 15 15 15 

 

LDV : Passenger cars. 

LDT : Trucks less than 8,500 lbs. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). 

HDV : Trucks greater than 8,500 lbs. GVWR. 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-33 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Average Speed 

Distribution 

Base File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

10 1 DE Kent County 1000102 

10 3 DE New Castle County 1000302 

10 5 DE Sussex County 1000502 

11 1 DC District of Columbia 1100105 3 

19 1 IA Adair County 1900102 

19 3 IA Adams County 1900302 

19 5 IA Allamakee County 1900502 

19 7 IA Appanoose County 1900702 

19 9 IA Audubon County 1900902 

19 11 IA Benton County 1901102 

19 13 IA Black Hawk County 1901302 

19 15 IA Boone County 1901502 

19 17 IA Bremer County 1901702 

19 19 IA Buchanan County 1901902 

19 21 IA Buena Vista County 1902102 

19 23 IA Butler County 1902302 

19 25 IA Calhoun County 1902502 

19 27 IA Carroll County 1902702 

19 29 IA Cass County 1902902 

19 31 IA Cedar County 1903102 

19 33 IA Cerro Gordo County 1903302 

19 35 IA Cherokee County 1903502 

19 37 IA Chickasaw County 1903702 

19 39 IA Clarke County 1903902 

19 41 IA Clay County 1904102 

19 43 IA Clayton County 1904302 

19 45 IA Clinton County 1904502 

19 47 IA Crawford County 1904702 

19 49 IA Dallas County 1904902 

19 51 IA Davis County 1905102 

19 53 IA Decatur County 1905302 

19 55 IA Delaware County 1905502 

19 57 IA Des Moines County 1905702 

19 59 IA Dickinson County 1905902 

19 61 IA Dubuque County 1906102 

19 63 IA Emmet County 1906302 

19 65 IA Fayette County 1906502 

19 67 IA Floyd County 1906702 

19 69 IA Franklin County 1906902 

19 71 IA Fremont County 1907102 

19 73 IA Greene County 1907302 

19 75 IA Grundy County 1907502 

19 77 IA Guthrie County 1907702 

19 79 IA Hamilton County 1907902 

19 81 IA Hancock County 1908102 

19 83 IA Hardin County 1908302 

19 85 IA Harrison County 1908502 

19 87 IA Henry County 1908702 

19 89 IA Howard County 1908902 

19 91 IA Humboldt County 1909102 

19 93 IA Ida County 1909302 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-34 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Average Speed 

Distribution 

Base File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

19 95 IA Iowa County 1909502 

19 97 IA Jackson County 1909702 

19 99 IA Jasper County 1909902 

19 101 IA Jefferson County 1910102 

19 103 IA Johnson County 1910302 

19 105 IA Jones County 1910502 

19 107 IA Keokuk County 1910702 

19 109 IA Kossuth County 1910902 

19 111 IA Lee County 1911102 

19 113 IA Linn County 1911302 

19 115 IA Louisa County 1911502 

19 117 IA Lucas County 1911702 

19 119 IA Lyon County 1911902 

19 121 IA Madison County 1912102 

19 123 IA Mahaska County 1912302 

19 125 IA Marion County 1912502 

19 127 IA Marshall County 1912702 

19 129 IA Mills County 1912902 

19 131 IA Mitchell County 1913102 

19 133 IA Monona County 1913302 

19 135 IA Monroe County 1913502 

19 137 IA Montgomery County 1913702 

19 139 IA Muscatine County 1913902 

19 141 IA O’Brien County 1914102 

19 143 IA Osceola County 1914302 

19 145 IA Page County 1914502 

19 147 IA Palo Alto County 1914702 

19 149 IA Plymouth County 1914902 

19 151 IA Pocahontas County 1915102 

19 153 IA Polk County 1915302 

19 155 IA Pottawattamie County 1915502 

19 157 IA Poweshiek County 1915702 

19 159 IA Ringgold County 1915902 

19 161 IA Sac County 1916102 

19 163 IA Scott County 1916302 

19 165 IA Shelby County 1916502 

19 167 IA Sioux County 1916702 

19 169 IA Story County 1916902 

19 171 IA Tama County 1917102 

19 173 IA Taylor County 1917302 

19 175 IA Union County 1917502 

19 177 IA Van Buren County 1917702 

19 179 IA Wapello County 1917902 

19 181 IA Warren County 1918102 

19 183 IA Washington County 1918302 

19 185 IA Wayne County 1918502 

19 187 IA Webster County 1918702 

19 189 IA Winnebago County 1918902 

19 191 IA Winneshiek County 1919102 

19 193 IA Woodbury County 1919302 

19 195 IA Worth County 1919502 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-35 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Average Speed 

Distribution 

Base File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

19 197 IA Wright County 1919702 

24 1 MD Allegany County 2400002 

24 3 MD Anne Arundel County 2400002 

24 5 MD Baltimore County 2400002 

24 9 MD Calvert County 2400002 

24 11 MD Caroline County 2400002 

24 13 MD Carroll County 2400002 

24 15 MD Cecil County 2400002 

24 17 MD Charles County 2400002 

24 19 MD Dorchester County 2400002 

24 21 MD Frederick County 2400002 

24 23 MD Garrett County 2400002 

24 25 MD Harford County 2400002 

24 27 MD Howard County 2400002 

24 29 MD Kent County 2400002 

24 31 MD Montgomery County 2400002 

24 33 MD Prince George’s County 2400002 

24 35 MD Queen Anne’s County 2400002 

24 37 MD St. Mary’s County 2400002 

24 39 MD Somerset County 2400002 

24 41 MD Talbot County 2400002 

24 43 MD Washington County 2400002 

24 45 MD Wicomico County 2400002 

24 47 MD Worcester County 2400002 

24 510 MD Baltimore city 2400002 

34 1 NJ Atlantic County 3400102 

34 3 NJ Bergen County 3400302 

34 5 NJ Burlington County 3400502 

34 7 NJ Camden County 3400702 

34 9 NJ Cape May County 3400902 

34 11 NJ Cumberland County 3401102 

34 13 NJ Essex County 3401302 

34 15 NJ Gloucester County 3401502 

34 17 NJ Hudson County 3401702 

34 19 NJ Hunterdon County 3401902 

34 21 NJ Mercer County 3402102 

34 23 NJ Middlesex County 3402302 

34 25 NJ Monmouth County 3402502 

34 27 NJ Morris County 3402702 

34 29 NJ Ocean County 3402902 

34 31 NJ Passaic County 3403102 

34 33 NJ Salem County 3403302 

34 35 NJ Somerset County 3403502 

34 37 NJ Sussex County 3403702 

34 39 NJ Union County 3403902 

34 41 NJ Warren County 3404102 

35 1 NM Bernalillo County 3500102 

44 1 RI Bristol County 4400002 

44 3 RI Kent County 4400002 

44 5 RI Newport County 4400002 

44 7 RI Providence County 4400002 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-36 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Average Speed 

Distribution 

Base File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

44 9 RI Washington County 4400002 

49 1 UT Beaver County 4900005 3 

49 3 UT Box Elder County 4900005 3 

49 5 UT Cache County 4900005 3 

49 7 UT Carbon County 4900005 3 

49 9 UT Daggett County 4900005 3 

49 11 UT Davis County 4901105 3 

49 13 UT Duchesne County 4900005 3 

49 15 UT Emery County 4900005 3 

49 17 UT Garfield County 4900005 3 

49 19 UT Grand County 4900005 3 

49 21 UT Iron County 4900005 3 

49 23 UT Juab County 4900005 3 

49 25 UT Kane County 4900005 3 

49 27 UT Millard County 4900005 3 

49 29 UT Morgan County 4900005 3 

49 31 UT Piute County 4900005 3 

49 33 UT Rich County 4900005 3 

49 35 UT Salt Lake County 4903505 3 

49 37 UT San Juan County 4900005 3 

49 39 UT Sanpete County 4900005 3 

49 41 UT Sevier County 4900005 3 

49 43 UT Summit County 4900005 3 

49 45 UT Tooele County 4900005 3 

49 47 UT Uintah County 4900005 3 

49 49 UT Utah County 4904905 3 

49 51 UT Wasatch County 4900005 3 

49 53 UT Washington County 4900005 3 

49 55 UT Wayne County 4900005 3 

49 57 UT Weber County 4905705 3 

51 1 VA Accomack County 5100102 

51 3 VA Albemarle County 5100302 

51 5 VA Alleghany County 5100502 

51 7 VA Amelia County 5100702 

51 9 VA Amherst County 5100902 

51 11 VA Appomattox County 5101102 

51 13 VA Arlington County 5101302 

51 15 VA Augusta County 5101502 

51 17 VA Bath County 5101702 

51 19 VA Bedford County 5101902 

51 21 VA Bland County 5102102 

51 23 VA Botetourt County 5102302 

51 25 VA Brunswick County 5102502 

51 27 VA Buchanan County 5102702 

51 29 VA Buckingham County 5102902 

51 31 VA Campbell County 5103102 

51 33 VA Caroline County 5103302 

51 35 VA Carroll County 5103502 

51 36 VA Charles City County 5103602 

51 37 VA Charlotte County 5103702 

51 41 VA Chesterfield County 5104102 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-37 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Average Speed 

Distribution 

Base File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

51 43 VA Clarke County 5104302 

51 45 VA Craig County 5104502 

51 47 VA Culpeper County 5104702 

51 49 VA Cumberland County 5104902 

51 51 VA Dickenson County 5105102 

51 53 VA Dinwiddie County 5105302 

51 57 VA Essex County 5105702 

51 59 VA Fairfax County 5105902 

51 61 VA Fauquier County 5106102 

51 63 VA Floyd County 5106302 

51 65 VA Fluvanna County 5106502 

51 67 VA Franklin County 5106702 

51 69 VA Frederick County 5106902 

51 71 VA Giles County 5107102 

51 73 VA Gloucester County 5107302 

51 75 VA Goochland County 5107502 

51 77 VA Grayson County 5107702 

51 79 VA Greene County 5107902 

51 81 VA Greensville County 5108102 

51 83 VA Halifax County 5108302 

51 85 VA Hanover County 5108502 

51 87 VA Henrico County 5108702 

51 89 VA Henry County 5108902 

51 91 VA Highland County 5109102 

51 93 VA Isle of Wight County 5109302 

51 95 VA James City County 5109502 

51 97 VA King and Queen County 5109702 

51 99 VA King George County 5109902 

51 101 VA King William County 5110102 

51 103 VA Lancaster County 5110302 

51 105 VA Lee County 5110502 

51 107 VA Loudoun County 5110702 

51 109 VA Louisa County 5110902 

51 111 VA Lunenburg County 5111102 

51 113 VA Madison County 5111302 

51 115 VA Mathews County 5111502 

51 117 VA Mecklenburg County 5111702 

51 119 VA Middlesex County 5111902 

51 121 VA Montgomery County 5112102 

51 125 VA Nelson County 5112502 

51 127 VA New Kent County 5112702 

51 131 VA Northampton County 5113102 

51 133 VA Northumberland County 5113302 

51 135 VA Nottoway County 5113502 

51 137 VA Orange County 5113702 

51 139 VA Page County 5113902 

51 141 VA Patrick County 5114102 

51 143 VA Pittsylvania County 5114302 

51 145 VA Powhatan County 5114502 

51 147 VA Prince Edward County 5114702 

51 149 VA Prince George County 5114902 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-38 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Average Speed 

Distribution 

Base File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

51 153 VA Prince William County 5115302 

51 155 VA Pulaski County 5115502 

51 157 VA Rappahannock County 5115702 

51 159 VA Richmond County 5115902 

51 161 VA Roanoke County 5116102 

51 163 VA Rockbridge County 5116302 

51 165 VA Rockingham County 5116502 

51 167 VA Russell County 5116702 

51 169 VA Scott County 5116902 

51 171 VA Shenandoah County 5117102 

51 173 VA Smyth County 5117302 

51 175 VA Southampton County 5117502 

51 177 VA Spotsylvania County 5117702 

51 179 VA Stafford County 5117902 

51 181 VA Surry County 5118102 

51 183 VA Sussex County 5118302 

51 185 VA Tazewell County 5118502 

51 187 VA Warren County 5118702 

51 191 VA Washington County 5119102 

51 193 VA Westmoreland County 5119302 

51 195 VA Wise County 5119502 

51 197 VA Wythe County 5119702 

51 199 VA York County 5119902 

51 510 VA Alexandria city 5151002 

51 515 VA Bedford city 5151502 

51 520 VA Bristol city 5152002 

51 530 VA Buena Vista city 5153002 

51 540 VA Charlottesville city 5154002 

51 550 VA Chesapeake city 5155002 

51 570 VA Colonial Heights city 5157002 

51 580 VA Covington city 5158002 

51 590 VA Danville city 5159002 

51 595 VA Emporia city 5159502 

51 600 VA Fairfax city 5160002 

51 610 VA Falls Church city 5161002 

51 620 VA Franklin city 5162002 

51 630 VA Fredericksburg city 5163002 

51 640 VA Galax city 5164002 

51 650 VA Hampton city 5165002 

51 660 VA Harrisonburg city 5166002 

51 670 VA Hopewell city 5167002 

51 678 VA Lexington city 5167802 

51 680 VA Lynchburg city 5168002 

51 683 VA Manassas city 5168302 

51 685 VA Manassas Park city 5168502 

51 690 VA Martinsville city 5169002 

51 700 VA Newport News city 5170002 

51 710 VA Norfolk city 5171002 

51 720 VA Norton city 5172002 

51 730 VA Petersburg city 5173002 

51 735 VA Poquoson city 5173502 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-39 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-8. Average Speed Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Average Speed 

Distribution 

Base File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

51 740 VA Portsmouth city 5174002 

51 750 VA Radford city 5175002 

51 760 VA Richmond city 5176002 

51 770 VA Roanoke city 5177002 

51 775 VA Salem city 5177502 

51 790 VA Staunton city 5179002 

51 800 VA Suffolk city 5180002 

51 810 VA Virginia Beach city 5181002 

51 820 VA Waynesboro city 5182002 

51 830 VA Williamsburg city 5183002 

51 840 VA Winchester city 5184002 

All external file names use the base file name with extensions which identify which of the 12 HPMS roadway types 

that the speeds apply to. All file names have the form aabbbcc.ddd, where aa is the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS 

county, cc is the last two digits of the calendar year and ddd indicates the HPMS roadway type. 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-40 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-9. Trip Length Distributions Provided by State, 

Local, and Tribal Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

Trip Length 

File Name 

Provided 

Updates 

for 2005 

11 1 DC District of Columbia 1100105 3 

24 9 MD Calvert County 2400002 

24 17 MD Charles County 2400002 

24 21 MD Frederick County 2400002 

24 31 MD Montgomery County 2400002 

24 33 MD Prince George’s County 2400002 

48 39 TX Brazoria County 4803902 

48 71 TX Chambers County 4803902 

48 85 TX Collin County 4808502 

48 113 TX Dallas County 4811302 

48 121 TX Denton County 4808502 

48 139 TX Ellis County 4813902 

48 157 TX FortBend County 4803902 

48 167 TX Galveston County 4803902 

48 201 TX Harris County 4803902 

48 213 TX Henderson County 4813902 

48 221 TX Hood County 4813902 

48 231 TX Hunt County 4813902 

48 251 TX Johnson County 4813902 

48 257 TX Kaufman County 4813902 

48 291 TX Liberty County 4803902 

48 339 TX Montgomery County 4803902 

48 367 TX Parker County 4813902 

48 397 TX Rockwall County 4813902 

48 439 TX Tarrant County 4811302 

48 473 TX Waller County 4803902 

51 13 VA Arlington County 5101305 3 

51 59 VA Fairfax County 5101305 3 

51 107 VA Loudoun County 5101305 3 

51 153 VA Prince William County 5101305 3 

51 179 VA Stafford County 5101305 3 

51 510 VA Alexandria City 5101305 3 

51 600 VA Fairfax City 5101305 3 

51 610 VA Falls Church City 5101305 3 

51 683 VA Manassas City 5101305 3 

51 685 VA Manassas Park City 5101305 3 

All external file names use the file name extension WDT. All file names have the form aabbbcc.wdt, where aa is 

the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two digits of the calendar year. 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-41 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-10. Vehicle Miles Traveled by Hour of the Day Distributions Provided 

by State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T) Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

VMT by Hour 

File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

17 31 IL Cook County 1703102 

17 43 IL DuPage County 1703102 

17 89 IL Kane County 1703102 

17 97 IL Lake County 1703102 

17 111 IL McHenry County 1703102 

17 119 IL Madison County 1711902 

17 133 IL Monroe County 1711902 

17 163 IL St. Clair County 1711902 

17 197 IL Will County 1703102 

36 1 NY Albany County 3600102 

36 3 NY Allegany County 3600302 

36 5 NY Bronx County 3600502 

36 7 NY Broome County 3600702 

36 9 NY Cattaraugus County 3600302 

36 11 NY Cayuga County 3600302 

36 13 NY Chautauqua County 3600302 

36 15 NY Chemung County 3601502 

36 17 NY Chenango County 3600302 

36 19 NY Clinton County 3600302 

36 21 NY Columbia County 3600302 

36 23 NY Cortland County 3600302 

36 25 NY Delaware County 3600302 

36 27 NY Dutchess County 3602702 

36 29 NY Erie County 3602902 

36 31 NY Essex County 3600302 

36 33 NY Franklin County 3600302 

36 35 NY Fulton County 3600302 

36 37 NY Genesee County 3600302 

36 39 NY Greene County 3600302 

36 41 NY Hamilton County 3600302 

36 43 NY Herkimer County 3600302 

36 45 NY Jefferson County 3600302 

36 47 NY Kings County 3604702 

36 49 NY Lewis County 3600302 

36 51 NY Livingston County 3600302 

36 53 NY Madison County 3600302 

36 55 NY Monroe County 3605502 

36 57 NY Montgomery County 3600302 

36 59 NY Nassau County 3605902 

36 61 NY New York County 3606102 

36 63 NY Niagara County 3606302 

36 65 NY Oneida County 3606502 

36 67 NY Onondaga County 3606702 

36 69 NY Ontario County 3600302 

36 71 NY Orange County 3607102 

36 73 NY Orleans County 3600302 

36 75 NY Oswego County 3600302 

36 77 NY Otsego County 3600302 

36 79 NY Putnam County 3607902 

36 81 NY Queens County 3608102 
App. A. Local Data for NCD December 2008 

 A-42 Documentation for the Final 2005 Mobile 

National Emissions Inventory, Version 2

Table A-10. Vehicle Miles Traveled by Hour of the Day Distributions Provided 

by State, Local, and Tribal (S/L/T) Agencies 

State 

FIPS 

County 

FIPS 

State 

Abbreviation County Name 

VMT by Hour 

File Name 

Provided 

Updates for 

2005 

36 83 NY Rensselaer County 3608302 

36 85 NY Richmond County 3608502 

36 87 NY Rockland County 3608702 

36 89 NY St. Lawrence County 3600302 

36 91 NY Saratoga County 3609102 

36 93 NY Schenectady County 3609302 

36 95 NY Schoharie County 3600302 

36 97 NY Schuyler County 3600302 

36 99 NY Seneca County 3600302 

36 101 NY Steuben County 3600302 

36 103 NY Suffolk County 3610302 

36 105 NY Sullivan County 3600302 

36 107 NY Tioga County 3600302 

36 109 NY Tompkins County 3610902 

36 111 NY Ulster County 3600302 

36 113 NY Warren County 3611302 

36 115 NY Washington County 3611502 

36 117 NY Wayne County 3600302 

36 119 NY Westchester County 3611902 

36 121 NY Wyoming County 3600302 

36 123 NY Yates County 3600302 

48 85 TX Collin County 4808502 

48 113 TX Dallas County 4808502 

48 121 TX Denton County 4808502 

48 139 TX Ellis County 4813902 

48 213 TX Henderson County 4813902 

48 221 TX Hood County 4813902 

48 231 TX Hunt County 4813902 

48 251 TX Johnson County 4813902 

48 257 TX Kaufman County 4813902 

48 367 TX Parker County 4813902 

48 397 TX Rockwall County 4813902 

48 439 TX Tarrant County 4808502 

49 11 UT Davis County 4901105 3 

49 35 UT Salt Lake County 4903505 3 

49 49 UT Utah County 4904905 3 

49 57 UT Weber County 4905705 3 

All external file names use the file name extension VMT. All file names have the form aabbbcc.vmt, where aa is 

the FIPS State, bbb is the FIPS county and cc is the last two digits of the calendar year.