CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT

Substance Name: C12-18 evennumbered alkyl nitrile 

EC Number: 628-856-6 

CAS Number: 1218787-29-1 

Registrant's Identity: Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT ii

Table of Contents

Part A .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1. SUMMARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES .................................................................................. 1

2. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE IMPLEMENTED ............................. 1

3. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ARE COMMUNICATED ........................ 1

Part B .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1. IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .......................... 2

1.1. Name and other identifiers of the substance .............................................................................................. 2

1.2. Composition of the substance ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.3. Physicochemical properties ........................................................................................................................ 4

2. MANUFACTURE AND USES ........................................................................................................................ 8

2.1. Manufacture ................................................................................................................................................ 8

2.2. Identified uses ............................................................................................................................................. 8

2.3. Uses advised against ................................................................................................................................... 8

3. CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING .......................................................................................................... 9

3.1. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS ............................................................................... 9

3.2. Classification and labelling according to DSD / DPD ............................................................................. 12

3.2.1. Classification and labelling in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC ................................................... 12

3.2.2. Self classification(s) ........................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.3. Other classification(s) ........................................................................................................................ 13

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROPERTIES ................................................................................................... 14

4.1. Degradation ............................................................................................................................................... 14

4.1.1. Abiotic degradation ........................................................................................................................... 14

4.1.1.1. Hydrolysis ................................................................................................................................... 14

4.1.1.2. Phototransformation/photolysis .................................................................................................. 14

4.1.1.2.1. Phototransformation in air ................................................................................................... 14

4.1.1.2.2. Phototransformation in water .............................................................................................. 14

4.1.1.2.3. Phototransformation in soil ................................................................................................. 14

4.1.2. Biodegradation ................................................................................................................................... 14

4.1.2.1. Biodegradation in water.............................................................................................................. 14

4.1.2.1.1. Screening tests ..................................................................................................................... 14

4.1.2.1.2. Simulation tests (water and sediments) ............................................................................... 15

4.1.2.1.3. Summary and discussion of biodegradation in water and sediment .................................. 15

4.1.2.2. Biodegradation in soil ................................................................................................................. 15

4.1.3. Summary and discussion of degradation ........................................................................................... 15

4.2. Environmental distribution ....................................................................................................................... 15

4.2.1. Adsorption/desorption ....................................................................................................................... 15

4.2.2. Volatilisation ...................................................................................................................................... 16

4.2.3. Distribution modelling ....................................................................................................................... 16

4.2.4. Summary and discussion of environmental distribution ................................................................... 16

4.3. Bioaccumulation ....................................................................................................................................... 16

4.3.1. Aquatic bioaccumulation ................................................................................................................... 16

4.3.2. Terrestrial bioaccumulation ............................................................................................................... 16

4.3.3. Summary and discussion of bioaccumulation ................................................................................... 16

4.4. Secondary poisoning ................................................................................................................................. 16

5. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 17

5.1. Toxicokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination) .................................................. 17

5.1.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................... 17

5.1.2. Human information ............................................................................................................................ 17

5.1.3. Summary and discussion of toxicokinetics ....................................................................................... 17

5.2. Acute toxicity ............................................................................................................................................ 18

5.2.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................... 18

5.2.1.1. Acute toxicity: oral ..................................................................................................................... 18

5.2.1.2. Acute toxicity: inhalation ........................................................................................................... 18

5.2.1.3. Acute toxicity: dermal ................................................................................................................ 18

5.2.1.4. Acute toxicity: other routes ........................................................................................................ 19

5.2.2. Human information ............................................................................................................................ 19
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT iii

5.2.3. Summary and discussion of acute toxicity ........................................................................................ 19

5.3. Irritation .................................................................................................................................................... 19

5.3.1. Skin .................................................................................................................................................... 19

5.3.1.1. Non-human information ............................................................................................................. 19

5.3.1.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................... 21

5.3.2. Eye ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

5.3.2.1. Non-human information ............................................................................................................. 21

5.3.2.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................... 22

5.3.3. Respiratory tract ................................................................................................................................. 22

5.3.3.1. Non-human information ............................................................................................................. 22

5.3.3.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................... 22

5.3.4. Summary and discussion of irritation ................................................................................................ 22

5.4. Corrosivity ................................................................................................................................................ 22

5.4.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................... 23

5.4.2. Human information ............................................................................................................................ 23

5.4.3. Summary and discussion of corrosion .............................................................................................. 23

5.5. Sensitisation .............................................................................................................................................. 23

5.5.1. Skin .................................................................................................................................................... 23

5.5.1.1. Non-human information ............................................................................................................. 23

5.5.1.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................... 23

5.5.2. Respiratory system ............................................................................................................................. 23

5.5.2.1. Non-human information ............................................................................................................. 23

5.5.2.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................... 23

5.5.3. Summary and discussion of sensitisation .......................................................................................... 23

5.6. Repeated dose toxicity .............................................................................................................................. 24

5.6.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................... 24

5.6.1.1. Repeated dose toxicity: oral ....................................................................................................... 24

5.6.1.2. Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation ............................................................................................. 25

5.6.1.3. Repeated dose toxicity: dermal .................................................................................................. 25

5.6.1.4. Repeated dose toxicity: other routes .......................................................................................... 25

5.6.2. Human information ............................................................................................................................ 25

5.6.3. Summary and discussion of repeated dose toxicity .......................................................................... 25

5.7. Mutagenicity ............................................................................................................................................. 25

5.7.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................... 25

5.7.1.1. In vitro data ................................................................................................................................. 25

5.7.1.2. In vivo data ................................................................................................................................. 27

5.7.2. Human information ............................................................................................................................ 27

5.7.3. Summary and discussion of mutagenicity ......................................................................................... 28

5.8. Carcinogenicity ......................................................................................................................................... 28

5.8.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................... 28

5.8.1.1. Carcinogenicity: oral .................................................................................................................. 28

5.8.1.2. Carcinogenicity: inhalation ........................................................................................................ 28

5.8.1.3. Carcinogenicity: dermal ............................................................................................................. 28

5.8.1.4. Carcinogenicity: other routes ..................................................................................................... 28

5.8.2. Human information ............................................................................................................................ 28

5.8.3. Summary and discussion of carcinogenicity ..................................................................................... 28

5.9. Toxicity for reproduction .......................................................................................................................... 28

5.9.1. Effects on fertility .............................................................................................................................. 28

5.9.1.1. Non-human information ............................................................................................................. 28

5.9.1.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................... 29

5.9.2. Developmental toxicity ...................................................................................................................... 29

5.9.2.1. Non-human information ............................................................................................................. 29

5.9.2.2. Human information ..................................................................................................................... 29

5.9.3. Summary and discussion of reproductive toxicity ............................................................................ 29

5.10. Other effects ............................................................................................................................................ 30

5.10.1. Non-human information .................................................................................................................. 30

5.10.1.1. Neurotoxicity ............................................................................................................................ 30

5.10.1.2. Immunotoxicity ......................................................................................................................... 30

5.10.1.3. Specific investigations: other studies ....................................................................................... 30

5.10.2. Human information .......................................................................................................................... 30
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT iv

5.10.3. Summary and discussion of other effects ........................................................................................ 30

5.11. Derivation of DNEL(s) and other hazard conclusions ........................................................................... 31

5.11.1. Overview of typical dose descriptors for all endpoints .................................................................. 31

5.11.2. Selection of the DNEL(s) or other hazard conclusion for critical health effects ........................... 31

6. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ...................... 34

6.1. Explosivity ................................................................................................................................................ 34

6.2. Flammability ............................................................................................................................................. 34

6.3. Oxidising potential .................................................................................................................................... 35

7. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................... 37

7.1. Aquatic compartment (including sediment) ............................................................................................. 37

7.1.1. Fish ..................................................................................................................................................... 37

7.1.1.1. Short-term toxicity to fish .......................................................................................................... 37

7.1.1.2. Long-term toxicity to fish ........................................................................................................... 37

7.1.2. Aquatic invertebrates ......................................................................................................................... 37

7.1.2.1. Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates ............................................................................... 37

7.1.2.2. Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates ............................................................................... 38

7.1.3. Algae and aquatic plants .................................................................................................................... 38

7.1.4. Sediment organisms ........................................................................................................................... 39

7.1.5. Other aquatic organisms .................................................................................................................... 39

7.2. Terrestrial compartment ............................................................................................................................ 39

7.2.1. Toxicity to soil macro-organisms ...................................................................................................... 39

7.2.2. Toxicity to terrestrial plants ............................................................................................................... 39

7.2.3. Toxicity to soil micro-organisms ...................................................................................................... 39

7.2.4. Toxicity to other terrestrial organisms .............................................................................................. 39

7.3. Atmospheric compartment ....................................................................................................................... 39

7.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems ............................................................................ 39

7.5. Non compartment specific effects relevant for the food chain (secondary poisoning) ........................... 40

7.5.1. Toxicity to birds ................................................................................................................................. 40

7.5.2. Toxicity to mammals ......................................................................................................................... 40

7.6. PNEC derivation and other hazard conclusions ....................................................................................... 40

8. PBT AND vPvB ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................... 41

8.1. Assessment of PBT/vPvB Properties ....................................................................................................... 41

8.1.1. PBT/vPvB criteria and justification .................................................................................................. 41

8.1.2. Summary and overall conclusions on PBT or vPvB properties ....................................................... 41

9. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (and related risk characterisation) ................................................................... 42

10. RISK CHARACTERISATION RELATED TO COMBINED EXPOSURE .............................................. 43

REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 1

Part A 

1. SUMMARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES 

2. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT 

MEASURES ARE IMPLEMENTED 

3. DECLARATION THAT RISK MANAGEMENT 

MEASURES ARE COMMUNICATED 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 2

Part B 

1. IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL 

AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 

1.1. Name and other identifiers of the substance 

The substance C12-18 evennumbered alkyl nitrile is a UVCB (origin: organic) having the following 

characteristics and physical–chemical properties (see the IUCLID dataset for further details). 

The following public name is used: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered). 

Table 1. Substance identity

EC number: 628-856-6 

EC name: 628-856-6 

CAS number (EC inventory): 1218787-29-1 

CAS name: C12-18 evennumbered alkyl nitrile 

IUPAC name: C12-18 evennumbered alkyl nitrile 

Molecular formula: No molecular formula

Molecular weight range: 

Structural formula:

1.2. Composition of the substance 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 3

Name: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered)

Description: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) and the ratio can vary (within ranges given below) per batch and 

per member company 

Degree of purity: <= 100.0 % (w/w) 

Table 2. Constituents

Constituent Typical concentration Concentration range Remarks

dodecanenitrile 

EC no.: 219-440-1 

50.0 % (w/w) > 40.0 — < 60.0 % (w/w) The response factor 

between the weight 

percentages and area 

percentages are considered 

to be 1 in a GC-FID 

analysis. There are no 

standard substances. 

myristonitrile 

EC no.: 211-099-7 

18.1 % (w/w) > 10.0 — < 30.0 % (w/w) The response factor 

between the weight 

percentages and area 

percentages are considered 

to be 1 in a GC-FID 

analysis. There are no 

standard substances. 

hexadecanenitrile 

EC no.: 211-110-5 

8.2 % (w/w) > 5.0 — < 15.0 % (w/w) The response factor 

between the weight 

percentages and area 

percentages are considered 

to be 1 in a GC-FID 

analysis. There are no 

standard substances. 

decanenitrile 

EC no.: 217-830-6 

7.6 % (w/w) > 5.0 — < 10.0 % (w/w) The response factor 

between the weight 

percentages and area 

percentages are considered 

to be 1 in a GC-FID 

analysis. There are no 

standard substances. 

9-Octadecenenitrile, (Z)- 

EC no.: 204-016-0 

7.1 % (w/w) > 5.0 — < 15.0 % (w/w) The response factor 

between the weight 

percentages and area 

percentages are considered 

to be 1 in a GC-FID 

analysis. There are no 

standard substances. 

C8 nitrile 

EC no.: 204-682-2 

5.6 % (w/w) > 1.0 — < 10.0 % (w/w) The response factor 

between the weight 

percentages and area 

percentages are considered 

to be 1 in a GC-FID 

analysis. There are no 

standard substances. 

stearonitrile 

EC no.: 211-345-3 

ca. 3.0 % (w/w) > 1.0 — < 12.0 % (w/w) The response factor 

between the weight 

percentages and area 

percentages are considered 

to be 1 in a GC-FID 

analysis. There are no 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 4

Constituent Typical concentration Concentration range Remarks

standard substances. 

1.3. Physicochemical properties 

Table 3. Physicochemical properties

Property Description of key information Value used for CSA / Discussion

Physical state liquid at 20°C and 101.3 kPa 

Melting / freezing 

point 

 The melting point can not be found within 

the temperature range -30-300 oC. The 

reason for this may be that the melting 

point is below -30 oC. 

Boiling point The boiling point has been determined to 

239 oC. 

Value used for CSA: 239 °C at 101.3 kPa 

Relative density Value used for CSA: 826 at 20°C 

Granulometry Not applicable. According to ECHA’s 

Guidance on information requirements and 

chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7a: 

Endpoint specific guidance: “The study 

does not need to be conducted if the 

substance is marketed or used in a non solid 

or non granular form”. 

Not applicable. According to 

ECHA’sGuidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance: “The study does not need to be 

conducted if the substance is marketed or 

used in a non solid or non granular form”. 

Vapour pressure The vapour pressure of the test substance 

has been determined to 1.8 Pa at 20°C and 

2.7 Pa at 25°C. 

Value used for CSA: 1.8 Pa at 20 °C 

The vapour pressure of the test substance 

has been determined to 1.8 Pa at 20°C and 

2.7 Pa at 25°C. 

The vapour pressure was measured at three 

different temperatures in order to 

extrapolate to 20 and 25°C. 

Partition coefficient 

n-octanol/water (log 

value) 

The Log Pow has been determined to 5 at 

21°C at pH 5.55 

Value used for CSA: Log Kow (Log 

Pow): 5 at 21 °C 

The Log Pow has been determined to 5 at 

21°C at pH 5.55 

Water solubility The water solubility (expressed as the sum 

of the solubility of the substance 

homologues) is determined to 25.7 mg/L at 

19.9°C. 

Value used for CSA: 25.7 mg/L at 19.9 °C

Surface tension According to "Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance": The surface tension study needs 

only be conducted if, based on structure, 

surface activity is expected or a desired 

property of the material. Surface activity is 

not expected or a desired property for this 

substance. 

According to "Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance":The surface tension study needs 

only be conducted if, based on structure, 

surface activity is expected or a desired 

property of the material. Surface activity is 

not expected or a desired property for this 

substance. 

Flash point The flash point is determined to 118 oC. Value used for CSA: 391 K at 1013 hPa 

Autoflammability / 

self-ignition 

temperature 

The auto-ignition temperature of the test 

substance has been determined to 230°C at 

1020 mBar 

Value used for CSA: 230 °C at 1013 hPa 

The auto-ignition temperature of the test 

substance has been determined to 230°C at 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 5

Property Description of key information Value used for CSA / Discussion

1020 mBar 

Flammability According to Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance, for liquids and low melting point 

solids, the primary value for ease of 

ignition is the flash point. Therefore, the 

flash point has been determined for the test 

substance. In chapter R.7a several examples 

of chemical groups associated with 

pyrophoricity and flammability on contact 

with water are given. The registered 

substance does not contain any of these 

chemical groups. Therefore, based on 

structure, this substance does not have 

pyrophoricity properties nor is it flammable 

on contact with water. 

According toGuidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance,for liquids and low melting point 

solids, the primary value for ease of 

ignition is the flash point. Therefore, the 

flash point has been determined for the test 

substance.In chapter R.7a several examples 

of chemical groups associated 

withpyrophoricity and flammability on 

contact with water are given.The registered 

substance does not contain any of these 

chemical groups. Therefore,based on 

structure, this substance does not 

havepyrophoricityproperties nor is 

itflammable on contact with water. 

Explosive properties According to "Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance", “For the majority of substances, 

explosivity is not a concern and testing can 

be waived based on a consideration of the 

structure.” In chapter R.7a a table (Table 

R.7.1-28) of chemical groups associated 

with explosive properties is given. The 

registered substance does not contain any 

of these chemical groups. Therefore, based 

on structure, this substance does not have 

explosive properties. 

According to "Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance", “For the majority of substances, 

explosivity is not a concern and testing can 

be waived based on a consideration of the 

structure.” In chapter R.7a a table (Table 

R.7.1-28)of chemical groups associated 

with explosive properties is given. The 

registered substance does not contain any 

of these chemical groups. Therefore,based 

on structure, this substance does not have 

explosive properties. 

Oxidising properties According to "Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance", “For the majority of substances, 

oxidising properties are not a concern and 

testing can be waived based on a 

consideration of the structure..” In chapter 

R.7a a table (Table R.7.1-29) of chemical 

groups associated with oxidising properties 

is given. The registered substance does not 

contain any of these chemical groups. 

Therefore, based on structure, this 

substance does not have oxidising 

properties. 

According to "Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance", “For the majority of substances, 

oxidising properties are not a concern and 

testing can be waived based on a 

consideration of the structure..” In chapter 

R.7a a table (Table R.7.1-29)of chemical 

groups associated with oxidising properties 

is given. The registered substance does not 

contain any of these chemical groups. 

Therefore,based on structure, this substance 

does not have oxidising properties. 

Stability in organic 

solvents and identity 

of relevant 

degradation products 

According to Guidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance, stability in organic solvent is 

important in certain cases, such as when 

calculating octanol – water partitioning 

coefficient from solubility data which is not 

used for this substance. Therefore, stability 

in organic solvent is not a concern for this 

substance. 

According toGuidance on information 

requirements and chemical safety 

assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific 

guidance, stability in organic solvent is 

important in certain cases, such as when 

calculating octanol – water partitioning 

coefficient from solubility data which is not 

used for this substance. Therefore,stability 

in organic solvent is not a concern for this 

substance. 

Dissociation constant Not applicable. Based on chemical 

structure, this substance does not dissociate.

 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 6

Property Description of key information Value used for CSA / Discussion

Viscosity Value used for CSA: Viscosity at 20°C: 

2.8 mPa · s (dynamic) 

Data waiving

Information requirement: Granulometry 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: Not applicable. According to ECHA’s Guidance on information requirements and chemical 

safety assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance: “The study does not need to be conducted if the 

substance is marketed or used in a non solid or non granular form”. 

Information requirement: Surface tension 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: According to "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter 

R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance": The surface tension study needs only be conducted if, based on structure, 

surface activity is expected or a desired property of the material. Surface activity is not expected or a desired 

property for this substance. 

Information requirement: Flammability 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: According to Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter 

R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance, for liquids and low melting point solids, the primary value for ease of 

ignition is the flash point. Therefore, the flash point has been determined for the test substance. In chapter 

R.7a several examples of chemical groups associated with pyrophoricity and flammability on contact with 

water are given. The registered substance does not contain any of these chemical groups. Therefore, based 

on structure, this substance does not have pyrophoricity properties nor is it flammable on contact with water.

Information requirement: Explosive properties 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: According to "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter 

R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance", “For the majority of substances, explosivity is not a concern and testing 

can be waived based on a consideration of the structure. ” In chapter R.7a a table (Table R.7.1-28) of 

chemical groups associated with explosive properties is given. The registered substance does not contain any 

of these chemical groups. Therefore, based on structure, this substance does not have explosive properties. 

Information requirement: Oxidising properties 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: According to "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter 

R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance", “For the majority of substances, oxidising properties are not a concern 

and testing can be waived based on a consideration of the structure. ” In chapter R.7a a table (Table 

R.7.1-29) of chemical groups associated with oxidising properties is given. The registered substance does 

not contain any of these chemical groups. Therefore, based on structure, this substance does not have 

oxidising properties. 

Information requirement: Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products 

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: According to Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter 

R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance, stability in organic solvent is important in certain cases, such as when 

calculating octanol – water partitioning coefficient from solubility data which is not used for this substance. 

Therefore, stability in organic solvent is not a concern for this substance. 

Information requirement: Dissociation constant 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 7

Reason: study scientifically unjustified 

Justification: Not applicable. Based on chemical structure, this substance does not dissociate. 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 8

2. MANUFACTURE AND USES 

Table 4. Quantities (in tonnes/year)

Year Total tonnage Uses exempted from CSR Used for article

2008 Manufactured: 454.0 

Imported: 0.0 

Uses as intermediate under strictly 

controlled conditions (on-site): 454.0

Used as intermediate under strictly 

controlled conditions (transported): 

0.0 

Used for research purposes: 0.0

Imported in articles: 0.0 

Tonnage in produced articles: 

0.0 

2007 Manufactured: 88.0 

Imported: 0.0 

Uses as intermediate under strictly 

controlled conditions (on-site): 88.0 

Used as intermediate under strictly 

controlled conditions (transported): 

0.0 

Used for research purposes: 0.0 

Imported in articles: 0.0 

Tonnage in produced articles: 

0.0 

2009 Manufactured: 17.0 

Imported: 0.0 

Uses as intermediate under strictly 

controlled conditions (on-site): 17.0 

Used as intermediate under strictly 

controlled conditions (transported): 

0.0 

Used for research purposes: 0.0 

Imported in articles: 0.0 

Tonnage in produced articles: 

0.0 

2.1. Manufacture 

No information available on manufacture 

Table 5. Manufacturing process related to the specified manufacture(s)

Related manufacture(s) Description of manufacturing process

 The manufacturing process of primary fatty nitriles is a single- step process 

starting from natural fats and oils or synthetic products of the petrochemical 

industry. 

The fatty acid reacts with ammonia in presence of a dehydrating catalyst at 

elevated temperatures to the corresponding fatty nitrile. 

The reaction takes place under strictly controlled conditions either in batch or 

in continuous processes. 

No information available on production of articles covered by the specified use(s) 

2.2. Identified uses 

Justification why no identified uses are reported:

Chemical intermediate produced under strictly controlled conditions 

2.3. Uses advised against 

No information available 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 9

3. CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING 

3.1. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS 

Name: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered)

Related composition: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) 

Classification

The substance is classified as follows: 

Table 6. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS for physicochemical properties

Endpoint Hazard category Hazard statement Reason for no 

classification

CSR 

section*)

Explosives: conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.1 

Flammable 

gases: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 

Flammable 

aerosols: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 

Oxidising gases: conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.3 

Gases under 

pressure: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

Flammable 

liquids: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 

Flammable 

solids: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 

Self-reactive 

substances and 

mixtures: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

Pyrophoric 

liquids: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 

Pyrophoric 

solids: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 

Self-heating 

substances and 

mixtures: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

Substances and 

mixtures which 

in contact with 

water emit 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 10

flammable 

gases: 

Oxidising 

liquids: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.3 

Oxidising solids: conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

6.3 

Organic 

peroxides: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

Corrosive to 

metals: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

*) Justification for (non) classification can be found in the CSR section indicated 

Table 7. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS for health hazards

Endpoint Hazard category Hazard statement Reason for no 

classification

CSR 

section*)

Acute toxicity - 

oral: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.2.3 

Acute toxicity - 

dermal: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.2.3 

Acute toxicity - 

inhalation: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.2.3 

Skin corrosion / 

irritation: 

Skin Irrit. 2 H315: Causes skin irritation. 5.3.4 and 

5.4.3 

Serious damage 

/ eye irritation: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.3.4 

Respiration 

sensitization: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.5.3 

Skin sensitation: conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.5.3 

Aspiration 

hazard: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.2.3 

Reproductive 

Toxicity: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.9.3 

Reproductive 

Toxicity: Effects 

on or via 

lactation: 

 data lacking 5.9.3 

Germ cell 

mutagenicity: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.7.3 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 11

Carcinogenicity: data lacking 5.8.3 

Specific target 

organ toxicity - 

single: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.2.3 and 

5.3.4 

Specific target 

organ toxicity - 

repeated: 

 conclusive but 

not sufficient for 

classification 

5.6.3 

*) Justification for (non) classification can be found in the CSR section indicated 

Table 8. Classification and labelling according to CLP / GHS for environmental hazards

Endpoint Hazard category Hazard statement Reason for no 

classification

CSR 

section*)

Hazards to the 

aquatic 

environment 

(acute/short-ter

m): 

 data lacking 7.6 

Hazards to the 

aquatic 

environment 

(long-term): 

Aquatic Chronic 1 H410: Very toxic to aquatic 

life with long lasting effects. 

 7.6 

M-Factor chronic: 10 

Hazardous to the 

ozone layer: 

 data lacking 7.6 

*) Justification for (non) classification can be found in the CSR section indicated 

Labelling

Signal word: Warning 

Hazard pictogram: 

GHS07: exclamation mark 

GHS09: environment 

Hazard statements: 

H315: Causes skin irritation. 

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life. 

Precautionary statements: 

P264: Wash... thoroughly after handling. (with soap and water) 

P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. (Use protective gloves made of: 

Nitrile. Butyl rubber.) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 12

P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. 

P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. 

P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. 

P273: Avoid release to the environment. 

P391: Collect spillage. 

P501: Dispose of contents/container to... (hazardous or special waste collection point.) 

3.2. Classification and labelling according to DSD / DPD 

3.2.1. Classification and labelling in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC 

No relevant information available 

3.2.2. Self classification(s) 

Chemical name: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered)

Related composition: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) 

Table 9. Self classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC criteria

Endpoints Classification Reason for no 

classification

CSR section*)

Explosiveness conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

6.1 

Oxidising properties conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

6.3 

Flammability conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

6.2 

Thermal stability conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

Acute toxicity conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification

5.2.3 

Acute toxicity- irreversible 

damage after single 

exposure 

 conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

5.2.3 

Repeated dose toxicity conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

5.6.3 

Irritation / Corrosion Xi; R38 Irritating to skin. 5.3.4 and 5.4.3 

Sensitisation conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

5.5.3 

Carcinogenicity data lacking 5.8.3 

Mutagenicity - Genetic 

Toxicity 

 conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

5.7.3 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 13

Endpoints Classification Reason for no 

classification

CSR section*)

Toxicity to reproductionfertility  conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

5.9.3 

Toxicity to reproductiondevelopment  conclusive but not 

sufficient for 

classification 

5.9.3 

Toxicity to reproduction - 

breastfed babies 

 data lacking 5.9.3 

Environment N; R50/53 Dangerous for the 

environment; Very toxic to aquatic 

organisms, may cause long-term 

adverse effects in the aquatic 

environment. 

 7.6 

*) Justification for (non) classification can be found in the CSR section indicated 

Labelling

Indication of danger: 

N - dangerous for the environment 

Xi - irritant 

R-phrases: 

R38 - Irritating to skin 

R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 

S-phrases: 

S37 - wear suitable gloves 

S57 - use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination 

S60 - this material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste 

3.2.3. Other classification(s) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 14

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PROPERTIES 

General discussion of environmental fate and pathways: 

Alkyl nitriles are poorly soluble in water and have a low vapour pressure. They readily biodegradable and will 

behave like normal narcotic substances in the environment. The partitioning to the environmental compartments 

can therefore be predicted using standard QSAR models like EPIsuite. 

For C12 -18 even numbered alkyl nitrile a log Kow of 5.12 was measured which is in good agreement with the 

calculated log Kow (EPIweb v4.0) of 5.19. The adsorption to organic matter is estimated applying the 

predominantly hydrophobics QSAR from EUSES and resulted in a Koc of 20000. 

The predicted environmental half-life's are 

4.1. Degradation 

4.1.1. Abiotic degradation 

4.1.1.1. Hydrolysis 

Data waiving

Information requirement: Hydrolysis 

Reason: other justification 

Justification: AlkylNtriles are readily biodegradable and do not contain hydrolysable covalent bonds. 

Cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond under environmental conditions is only possible with a carbonyl group 

adjacent to the nitrogen atom. Degradation of alkylnitriles through hydrolysis is therefore not considered. 

Discussion

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk / persistency assessment: 

All AlkylNitriles are readily biodegradable and do not contain hydrolysable covalent bonds. Cleavage of a 

carbon-nitrogen bond under environmental conditions is only possible with a carbonyl group adjacent to the 

nitrogen atom. Degradation of these Nitriles through hydrolysis is therefore not considered. 

4.1.1.2. Phototransformation/photolysis 

4.1.1.2.1. Phototransformation in air 

No relevant information available 

4.1.1.2.2. Phototransformation in water 

No relevant information available 

4.1.1.2.3. Phototransformation in soil 

No relevant information available 

4.1.2. Biodegradation 

4.1.2.1. Biodegradation in water 

4.1.2.1.1. Screening tests 

The studies on biodegradation in water (screening tests) are summarised in the following table: 

Table 10. Screening tests for biodegradation in water
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 15

Method Results Remarks Reference

Test type: ready biodegradability 

activated sludge, non-adapted 

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready 

Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution 

Test) 

readily biodegradable 

% Degradation of test 

substance: 

71 after 28 d (CO2 

evolution) 

1 (reliable without 

restriction) 

key study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coconitrile

Noack, M. (1996) 

Test type: ready biodegradability 

Secondary Effluent 

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready 

Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution 

Test) 

not inherently biodegradable 

% Degradation of test 

substance: 

43 after 28 d (CO2 

evolution) (20mg/l) 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

supporting study 

experimental result 

Test material (CAS 

number): 

61789-53-5

W.R. Jenkins 

(1992) 

4.1.2.1.2. Simulation tests (water and sediments) 

No relevant information available 

4.1.2.1.3. Summary and discussion of biodegradation in water and sediment 

Discussion (screening testing)

(C12 -18) evennumbered alkylnitrile is ready biodegradable. The 10 day window criterum should not be 

considered as a test criterium for mixtures (different alkyl chain lengths). 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk / persistency assessment: 

Alkyl nitriles are poorly soluble in water under normal test concentrations not toxic to sludge bacteria. All alkyl 

nitriles (C10 - C18) are readily biodegradable. 

Value used for CSA: Biodegradation in water: readily biodegradable 

4.1.2.2. Biodegradation in soil 

No relevant information available 

4.1.3. Summary and discussion of degradation 

Biotic degradation

Based on the available studies on biodegradation, the substances are estimated to be readily biodegradable, 

fulfilling the 10-days-window criterion thus there is no requirement for performing a soil biodegradation test 

(Annex IX. 9.2.1.3). 

No simulation tests for degradation rates under environmental conditions are available, therefore for the default 

values suggested by the REACH guidance re used. For soil this is a half life value of 300 days until better soil 

data become available. 

4.2. Environmental distribution 

4.2.1. Adsorption/desorption 

No relevant information available 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 16

4.2.2. Volatilisation 

No relevant information available 

4.2.3. Distribution modelling 

No relevant information available 

4.2.4. Summary and discussion of environmental distribution 

It is very likely that alkylNitriles will behave like normal narcotic substances. This would mean that they will 

not like the amines or ammonium salts be protonated under environmental conditions and will not be surface 

active. The solubility of the nitriles is due to the absence of protonation much lower than for the compareble 

amines or ammonium salts. The fate can be estimated using the EPIsuite estimation software. 

A Koc of 20000 can be estimated from the Log Kow of 5.2 applying the predominantly hydrophobics QSAR as 

included in EUSES 

4.3. Bioaccumulation 

4.3.1. Aquatic bioaccumulation 

No relevant information available 

4.3.2. Terrestrial bioaccumulation 

No relevant information available 

4.3.3. Summary and discussion of bioaccumulation 

4.4. Secondary poisoning 

Based on the available information the bioaccumulation potential cannot be judged (see CSR chapter 7.6 "PNEC 

derivation and other hazard conclusions"). 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 17

5. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT 

5.1. Toxicokinetics (absorption, metabolism, distribution and 

elimination) 

5.1.1. Non-human information 

No relevant information available 

5.1.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.1.3. Summary and discussion of toxicokinetics 

Alkylnitriles are produced at different EU manufacturing sites. They are produced and used as intermediate 

under strictly controlled conditions only. Consequently, no significant exposures are anticipated, and no risk 

assessment needs to be performed. 

With alkylnitriles substances are meant consisting of a linear alkyl chain with a nitrile, with a common structure 

of CH3- [CH2]n- C≡N where n is between 10 (Dodecanenitrile) and 16 (Octadecanenitril). As the alkylchains are 

derived from natural vegetable fatty acids, some level of unsaturation can be present, e. g. for Oleylnitrile 

(9-Octadecenenitrile). As these substances share the same chemical structure, and only differ in the length of the 

alkyl chain, which shows great overlap between them, they will share the same chemical reactivity and have 

greatly similar physico-chemical properties. So are all alkylnitriles practically insoluble in water and their log 

Pow values are all around 5 (5.00 for C12-fraction in coconitrile and 5.08 for C18-fraction in tallownitrile). 

Consequently, their toxicological profiles will be greatly similar, where the difference of chain length can 

possibly play a modifying factor for their bio-availability. It is assumed that the shorter chain lengths are 

possibly somewhat more bio-available. Consequently, toxicological information from one alkylnitriles is of 

relevance for the evaluation of the others. Specifically with respect to the shorter chain alkyl nitrile, for which 

its toxicological results possibly represent a worst case value for alkylnitriles with longer chain lengths. 

The common name for C12-18 (even numbered) nitriles is Coconitrile. 

Toxicological profile 

The acute oral toxicity of the Coconitrile is low, with no mortality being observed up to levels of 5000 mg/kg 

body weight. Also comparable other nitriles as Tallownitrile and Oleylnitrile showed no mortality up to highest 

tested dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. The acute oral toxicity of the Coconitrile is low, with no mortality 

being observed up to levels of 5000 mg/kg body weight. Alkylnitriles are irritating to the skin, but are not 

irritating to eyes. A GPMT study with Coconitrile indicates no concern for sensitisation. 

Repeated dose administration with the structural analogue Dodecanenitrile (which is the main constituent of 

Coconitrile) also showed comparatively low toxicity with a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw/d from a combined 

28-day/reproduction screening study. At 250 mg/kg bw/d animals pushed their heads through the bedding 

starting on day 4 of mating, indicating discomfort after administration of the test item. No other clinical signs or 

signs of discomfort were noted. Other findings at 250 mg included lymphoid atrophy in lymphoid organs as well 

as the hypertrophy of the adrenal glands indicating stress and histopathological ulcerations and erosions in the 

stomach, possibly promoted by the stress. At the higher dose level of 1000 mg/kg effects were more severe and 

included lower food consumption and body weight gain, increase of liver weight and mortality in females during 

and directly after giving birth. The same study also did not indicate a concern for reproductive or developmental 

toxicity. 

Genotoxicity: Alkylnitriles do not react with DNA or protein, and bacterial mutagenicity studies with 

Coconitrile and various other alkylnitriles do not indicate a concern for mutagenicity. Additionally, a 

mammalian chromosomal aberration study with Dodecanenitrile also does not indicate any genotoxic potential. 

Based on the lack of genotoxicity and lack of specific organ toxicity in the repeated dose studies, carcinogenic 

effects are not likely. 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 18

Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution 

Although direct experimental data concerning inhalative, dermal or oral absorption are not available for 

alkylnitriles, an indication for possible absorption can however be deduced from the physico-chemical 

properties of these substances and from results of toxicological investigations. 

Inhalation: Alkylnitriles are practically insoluble in water and log Pow values for these materials are around 5 

(5.00 for C12-fraction in coconitrile and 5.08 for C18-fraction in tallownitrile). Vapour pressure is low (1.8 Pa 

at 20°C for Coconitrile and < 1 Pa for Dodecanenitrile (Boublik T et al, 1984, from EpiWin)). With regard to 

potential respiratory exposure, a very low vapour pressure can be assumed for the group of Alkylnitriles as with 

increasing chain-length the vapour pressure drops significantly. Taken together, based on physico-chemical 

properties and conditions of use, a low respiratory bioavailability can be anticipated. 

Dermal: Based on the very low water solubility and relative high Pow of 5 rate of transfer to epidermis is 

probably limited. However, the molecular size is not large and high Pow favours uptake in stratum corneum. As 

worst case, 100% dermal absorption is assumed. 

Oral: Being a fatty acid derived molecule, uptake after oral exposure could be mediated by micellular 

solubilisation by bile salts. The observed increase of liver weight observed at the highest dose in the repeated 

dose study of Dodecanenitrile is indicative of liver metabolism following gastro-intestinal uptake. In addition, 

the alkylnitriles satisfy the Lipinski rule indicating likely bioavailability. As worst-case, a value of 100 % oral 

absorption is assumed. 

 

Available biodegradation studies with alkylnitriles indicate that all members of this category are readily 

biodegradable. For such substance it can then be assumed that mammals are also capable of metabolisation. 

Also the OECD Toolbox liver metabolism simulator indicates possible liver metabolism, which is also 

suggested by the observed increase of liver weights at the highest dose levels in the repeated dose study with 

dodecanenitrile. 

Although highly lipophilic substances (log P >4), the repeated dose administration with Dodecanenitrile does 

not provide an indication for bioaccumulation for these alkylnitriles. 

5.2. Acute toxicity 

5.2.1. Non-human information 

5.2.1.1. Acute toxicity: oral 

The results of studies on acute toxicity after oral administration are summarised in the following table: 

Table 11. Studies on acute toxicity after oral administration

Method Results Remarks Reference

rat (Sprague-Dawley) male/female 

oral: gavage 

equivalent or similar to OECD 

Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity) 

LD0: > 5000 mg/kg bw 

(male/female) based on: test 

mat. (No mortality at highest 

dose.) 

1 (reliable without 

restriction) 

key study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coconitrile

Kynoch, SR 

(1985) 

5.2.1.2. Acute toxicity: inhalation 

No relevant information available 

5.2.1.3. Acute toxicity: dermal 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 19

No relevant information available 

5.2.1.4. Acute toxicity: other routes 

No relevant information available 

5.2.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.2.3. Summary and discussion of acute toxicity 

Coconitrile has shown to be of low acute toxicity following oral administration up to 5000 mg/kg. There were 

clinical signs observed after dosing that included pilo-erection, hunched posture, waddling, salivation, palor of 

the extremities, and diarrhea. All signs were completely cleared by day 5. There were no effects on body weight 

gains and no abnormal autopsy findings at necropsy. 

Also comparable other nitriles as Tallownitrile and Oleylnitrile showed no mortality up to highest tested dose of 

5000 mg/kg body weight. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg for rat (LD50 limit test - no mortality) 

Justification for classification or non classification

Only limited toxicity was observed after oral dosing of 5000 mg/kg, and hence no classification for acute oral 

toxicity is indicated. 

 

Based on the very low water solubility and relative high Pow of 5, the rate of transfer to epidermis is probably 

limited. However, the molecular size is not large and high Pow favours uptake in stratum corneum. As worst 

case, 100% dermal absorption is assumed although in view of anticipated slow uptake into epidermis, systemic 

peak concentrations will be lower following acute exposures compared to the oral route. 

Coconitrile is further mildly irritating to skin, and not irritating to the eyes and consequently it is not expected to 

exert serious toxicity by dermal or inhalatory routes even when uptake is to be considered similar as following 

oral route. 

Physical-chemical properties of coconitrile, being a liquid at room temperature with a relatively low vapour 

pressure (1.8 Pa at 20°C) and water solubility (ca. 25 mg/L), would also limit the likelihood of significant 

exposures by inhalation. 

Consequently, Coconitrile need not be classified for acute toxicity by dermal or respiratory route. 

 

Alkylnitriles do not contain aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Also lack of surface activity (based 

on structure) indicates there is no aspiration hazard for Coconitrile. 

5.3. Irritation 

5.3.1. Skin 

5.3.1.1. Non-human information 

The results of studies on skin irritation are summarised in the following table: 

Table 12. Studies on skin irritation

Method Results Remarks Reference
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 20

Method Results Remarks Reference

rabbit (New Zealand 

White) 

Coverage: semiocclusive 

(shaved) 

Vehicle: unchanged (no 

vehicle) 

OECD Guideline 404 

(Acute Dermal Irritation / 

Corrosion) 

irritating 

Erythema score: 

2.89 of max. 4 (mean (all animals)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 14 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

3 of max. 3 (animal #1 (mean)) (Time 

point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully reversible 

within: 14 days) (4 hour exposure) 

3 of max. 4 (animal #2 (mean)) (Time 

point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully reversible 

within: 14 days) (4 hour exposure) 

2.67 of max. 3 (animal #3 (mean)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

Edema score: 

2.44 of max. 4 (mean (all animals)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 - 14 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

4 of max. 4 (animal #1 (mean)) (Time 

point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully reversible 

within: 14 days) (4 hour exposure) 

1.67 of max. 2 (animal #2 (mean)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

1.67 of max. 2 (animal #3 (mean)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

key study 

read-across based on 

grouping of 

substances (category 

approach) 

Test material (CAS 

number): 2437-25-4 

(See endpoint 

summary for 

justification of 

read-across)

Hoechst AG 

rabbit (New Zealand 

White) 

Coverage: occlusive 

(shaved) 

Vehicle: unchanged (no 

vehicle) 

OECD Guideline 404 

(Acute Dermal Irritation / 

Corrosion) 

EU Method B.4 (Acute 

Toxicity: Dermal 

Irritation / Corrosion) 

Category 3 (mild irritant) 

Overall irritation score: 1.2 of max. 1 

(mean) (Time point: 4h) (score combined 

for erythema and oedema) 

Overall irritation score: 2.8 of max. 3 

(mean) (Time point: 24h) (score 

combined for erythema and oedema) 

Overall irritation score: 2.7 of max. 3 

(mean) (Time point: 48h) (score 

combined for erythema and oedema) 

Overall irritation score: 2.7 of max. 4 

(mean) (Time point: 72h) (score 

combined for erythema and oedema) 

: (Time point: 7 days) (fully reversible) 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

supporting study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coco nitrile

Prinsen, M.K. and 

Van Beek, L. 

(1986) 

rabbit (New Zealand 

White) 

irritating 

Erythema score: 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

Hoechst AG 

(1988) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 21

Method Results Remarks Reference

Coverage: semiocclusive 

(shaved) 

Vehicle: unchanged (no 

vehicle) 

OECD Guideline 404 

(Acute Dermal Irritation / 

Corrosion) 

2.7 of max. 3 (mean (all animals)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 - 14 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

2.7 of max. 3 (animal #1 (mean)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

2.7 of max. 3 (animal #2 (mean)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 14 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

2.7 of max. 3 (animal #3 (mean)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 14 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

Edema score: 

1.1 of max. 2 (mean (all animals)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 - 14 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

1 of max. 1 (animal #1 (mean)) (Time 

point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully reversible 

within: 7 days) (4 hour exposure) 

1.3 of max. 2 (animal #2 (mean)) 

(Time point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully 

reversible within: 7 days) (4 hour 

exposure) 

1 of max. 1 (animal #3 (mean)) (Time 

point: 24h / 48h / 72h) (fully reversible 

within: 14 days) (4 hour esposure) 

weight of evidence 

read-across based on 

grouping of 

substances (category 

approach) 

Test material (CAS 

number): 

61790-28-1 (See 

endpoint summary 

for justification of 

read-across)

5.3.1.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.3.2. Eye 

5.3.2.1. Non-human information 

The results of studies on eye irritation are summarised in the following table: 

Table 13. Studies on eye irritation

Method Results Remarks Reference

rabbit (New Zealand 

White) 

Vehicle: unchanged (no 

vehicle) 

OECD Guideline 405 

(Acute Eye Irritation / 

Corrosion) 

not irritating 

Overall irritation score: 0.25 of max. 1 

(mean) (Time point: 1h) 

Overall irritation score: 0 of max. 0 

(mean) (Time point: 24h) (fully 

reversible) 

1 (reliable without 

restriction) 

key study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coco nitrile

Prinsen and Van 

Beek (1986) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 22

Method Results Remarks Reference

EU Method B.5 (Acute 

Toxicity: Eye Irritation / 

Corrosion) 

5.3.2.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.3.3. Respiratory tract 

5.3.3.1. Non-human information 

5.3.3.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.3.4. Summary and discussion of irritation 

For this substance there is one study available resulting to very slight to moderate dermal effects. After 7 days, 

only slight scaliness was still observed in all (six) rabbits. Although observation period was too short, these skin 

reactions were considered to be reversible. According to GHS, these results should lead to classification as Cat. 

3 (mild irritant). 

However, for the group of alkylnitriles two further GLP studies are available that are relevant for the 

classification of all members of this category. It concerns a study on dodecanenitrile and tallownitrile, which are 

both performed according to OECD 404 and EC B.4. The results from these studies indicate that both 

substances dodecanenitrile and tallownitrile are irritating to skin, requiring classification as Cat.2 for GHS. 

Dodecanenitrile is representative for the substances in the category of alkylnitriles with the relative shorter alkyl 

lengths such as coconitrile, whereas tallownitrile is representative for the substances in this category with on 

average longer chain lengths. With two studies clearly resulting to dermal irritation requiring classification, and 

one study resulting to mild dermal irritation, the weight of evidence indicates that this substance need to be 

classified irritating to skin (GHS Cat.2). 

Although irritating to the skin, none of the in vivo eye irritation studies performed on the various alkyl nitriles 

indicated a concern for eye irritation. 

There is no information on possible respiratory irritation. Based on the available information on skin and eye 

irritation, alkylnitriles are not expected to pose a great concern in this respect. Moreover, based on the very low 

vapour pressure and water solubility, respiratory irritation is not likely to occur. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

Available information indicates that alkylnitriles are irritating to the skin, but not irritating to the eyes. 

Value used for CSA:

Skin irritation / corrosion: Adverse effect observed (irritating) 

Eye irritation / corrosion: No adverse effect observed (not irritating) 

Justification for classification or non classification

Based on weight of evidence following two appropriately performed studies on relevant substances that indicate 

that alkylnitriles are irritating to the skin, and a preference for a classification resulting to the highest level of 

protection, the substance coconitrile should be classified for CLP as dermal irritant, Cat.2. 

Coconitrile was not irritating to rabbit eyes. 

5.4. Corrosivity 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 23

5.4.1. Non-human information 

5.4.2. Human information 

5.4.3. Summary and discussion of corrosion 

5.5. Sensitisation 

5.5.1. Skin 

5.5.1.1. Non-human information 

The results of studies on skin sensitisation are summarised in the following table: 

Table 14. Studies on skin sensitisation

Method Results Remarks Reference

guinea pig (Dunkin-Hartley) 

female 

Guinea pig maximisation test 

Induction: intradermal and 

epicutaneous 

Challenge: epicutaneous, 

occlusive 

Vehicle: corn oil 

OECD No. 406 (1992) "Skin 

Sensitization" EC No 440/2008; 

B6: "Skin Sensitization: 

Guinea-Pig Maximization Test 

(GPMT)" EPA OPPTS 

870.2600 (2003) “Skin 

Sensitization” JMAFF 

Guidelines (2000) including the 

most recent partial revisions. 

not sensitising 

No. with positive reactions: 

1st reading: 0 out of 5 (negative 

control); 24 h after chall.; dose: 0 

1st reading: 3 out of 10 (test group); 

24 h after chall.; dose: 100% 

2nd reading: 1 out of 5 (control); 48 h 

after chall.; dose: 0 

2nd reading: 2 out of 10 (test group); 

48 h after chall.; dose: 100% 

rechallenge: 0 out of 5 (negative 

control); 24 h after chall.; dose: 0 

rechallenge: 1 out of 10 (test group); 

24 h after chall.; dose: 100% 

rechallenge: 0 out of 5 (negative 

control); 48 h after chall.; dose: 0 

rechallenge: 1 out of 10 (test group); 

48 h after chall.; dose: 100% 

1 (reliable 

without 

restriction) 

key study 

experimental 

result 

Test material 

(Common 

name): 

Coconitrile

van Huygevoort, 

AHBM. (2010) 

5.5.1.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.5.2. Respiratory system 

5.5.2.1. Non-human information 

No relevant information available 

5.5.2.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.5.3. Summary and discussion of sensitisation 

Skin sensitisation

GPMT study on coconitrile performed under GLP and according to OECD guideline 406 resulted to a weak 

reaction in only 10% of the animals. Accordingly, no classification is required for dermal sensitisation. 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 24

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

Not Sensitising 

Value used for CSA: No adverse effect observed (not sensitising) 

Respiratory sensitisation

GPMT study on coconitrile performed under GLP and according to OECD guideline 406 resulted to a weak 

reaction in only 10% of the animals. Accordingly, no classification is required for dermal sensitisation. 

As chemical respiratory sensitisers also elicit positive results in predictive tests for contact sensitisation, the 

negative outcome for dermal sensitisation is also predictive for non respiratory sensitisation of the substance. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

Not Sensitising 

Value used for CSA: No adverse effect observed (not sensitising) 

Justification for classification or non classification

GPMT study on coconitrile performed under GLP and according to OECD guideline 406 resulted to a weak 

reaction in only 10% of the animals. Accordingly, no classification is required for dermal sensitisation. 

5.6. Repeated dose toxicity 

5.6.1. Non-human information 

5.6.1.1. Repeated dose toxicity: oral 

The results of studies on repeated dose toxicity after oral administration are summarised in the following table: 

Table 15. Studies on repeated dose toxicity after oral administration

Method Results Remarks Reference

rat (Wistar) male/female 

combined repeated dose and 

reproduction / developmental 

screening (oral: gavage) 

0, 50, 250, 1000 mg/kg bw/day (m/f) 

Vehicle: 2% Methylcellulose 

Exposure: Pre-pairing: 14-days 

Pairing: Until mating 

Gestation: about 21 days 

Parturition/lactation: until day 4 post 

partum 

Termination: males: minimum 28 

days;females: day 5 post partum. 

(Daily) 

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined 

Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with 

the Reproduction / Developmental 

Toxicity Screening Test) 

NOEL: 50 mg/kg bw/day 

(actual dose received) 

(male/female) based on: test 

mat. (At next higher level 

(250 mg/kg) clinical signs, 

histopathological findings 

stomach & adrenal glands.) 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

key study 

read-across based on 

grouping of 

substances (category 

approach) 

Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

dodecanenirile (See 

endpoint summary 

for justification of 

read-across)

Senn C, Flade D, 

Thio T (2007) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 25

5.6.1.2. Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation 

No relevant information available 

5.6.1.3. Repeated dose toxicity: dermal 

No relevant information available 

5.6.1.4. Repeated dose toxicity: other routes 

No relevant information available 

5.6.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.6.3. Summary and discussion of repeated dose toxicity 

A combined repeated dose/reproduction screening toxicity study according to OECD 422 has been performed 

with Dodecanenitrile (CAS 2437-25-4). As C12 is about the average and represents the major part of the range 

of alkyl chains in coco (45 -62%), these results provide a rather good indication of the possible hazards to 

reproduction of Coconitrile. The overall NOAEL is 50 mg/kg based on effects at next higher dose level of 250 

mg/kg. Effects observed at 250 mg/kg/day: All animals pushed their heads through the bedding after 

administration and open field activity and locomotor activity were reduced. Histopathological findings were 

observed in the stomach, consisting of increased incidence of ulceration, erosion and mucosal necrosis in the 

forestomach and glandular stomach, and a minimal hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata of adrenal glands in 

some females. Clinical biochemistry data revealed several effects for hemoglobin and corpuscular hemoglobin 

concentration and platelet count in males. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

NOAEL = 50 mg/kg bw/day 

Value used for CSA (via oral route - systemic effects):

(NOAEL: 50 mg/kg bw/day) (subacute; rat) 

Target organs: digestive: stomach 

Justification for classification or non classification

Classification for STOT-RE Cat.2 is indicated when severe toxicity is observed at levels of 100 mg/kg bw/day 

or below during a sub-chronic (90 -day) repeated dose study. In case of shorter study duration as a 28-day the 

equivalent guidance value becomes 300 mg/kg bw/day. The OECD 422 study can be compared with a 28 -day 

study, although the females are exposed longer (generally over 43 days). 

The combined repeated dose/reproduction screening toxicity study shows that the level of 250 mg/kg bw/day 

results to only limited toxicity. Hence no classification for STOT-RE is required. 

5.7. Mutagenicity 

5.7.1. Non-human information 

5.7.1.1. In vitro data 

The results of in vitro genotoxicity studies are summarised in the following table: 

Table 16. In vitro genotoxicity studies

Method Results Remarks Reference

bacterial reverse mutation assay 

(e.g. Ames test) (gene mutation) 

Evaluation of results: 

negative 

1 (reliable without 

restriction) 

Verspeek-Rip CM 

(2009) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 26

Method Results Remarks Reference

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 

1537, TA 98 and TA 100 (met. 

act.: with and without) 

E. coli WP2 uvr A (met. act.: 

with and without) 

Test concentrations: Experiment 

1: 

Preliminary test (without and 

with S9) TA100 and WP2uvrA: 

3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 

and 5000 μg/plate 

Main study: TA1535, TA1537 

and TA98: 

Without and with S9-mix: 10, 33, 

100, 333, 1000 and 3300 μg/plate 

Experiment 2: 

TA1535, TA1537, TA100 

With and without S9-mix: 10, 33, 

100, 333 and 1000 μg/plate. 

TA98 and WP2uvrA 

With and without S9-mix: 33, 

100, 333, 1000 and 3330 

μg/plate. 

Positive control substance(s): 

sodium azide (5 μg/plate in saline 

for TA1535) 

Positive control substance(s): 

9-aminoacridine (60 μg/plate in 

water for TA1537) 

Positive control substance(s): 

2-nitrofluorene (10 μg/plate in 

DMSO for TA98) 

Positive control substance(s): 

methylmethanesulfonate (650 

μg/plate in DMSO for TA100) 

Positive control substance(s): 

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (10 

μg/plate in DMSO for WP2 

uvrA) 

Positive control substance(s): 

2-aminoanthracene in DMSO for 

all tester strains 

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial 

Reverse Mutation Assay) 

EU Method B.13/14 

(Mutagenicity - Reverse 

Test results: 

negative for S. typhimurium 

TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and 

TA 100 ; met. act.: with and 

without ; cytotoxicity: yes ; 

vehicle controls valid: yes; 

positive controls valid: yes 

negative for E. coli WP2 uvr 

A ; met. act.: with and 

without ; cytotoxicity: no, but 

tested up to precipitating 

concentrations ; vehicle 

controls valid: yes; positive 

controls valid: yes 

key study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coco nitrile
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 27

Method Results Remarks Reference

Mutation Test Using Bacteria) 

in vitro mammalian chromosome 

aberration test (chromosome 

aberration) 

Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts 

(V79) (met. act.: with and 

without) 

Test concentrations: Selection of 

top dose: 1850 μg/mL (approx. 

10 mM.). 

Dose range finding test: 

(p=Precipitation occurred at end 

of treatment.) 

4 and 24 hours, with S9-mix 

(μg/mL): 14.5, 28.9, 57.8, 

115.6p, 231.3p, 462.5p, 925.0p, 

1850.0p. 

4 hours, without S9-mix 

(μg/mL): 14.5, 28.9, 57.8, 115.6, 

231.3, 462.5p, 925.0p, 1850.0p. 

First experiment: 

(p=Precipitation occurred 4 hours 

after start 9of treatment) 

without S9-mix, 4 hours 

(μg/mL): 1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25.0, 

50.0p 

with S9-mix, 4-hours (μg/mL): 

57.8, 115.6, 231.3, 462.5, 925.0, 

1850.0 

Second experiment 

without S9-mix, 18 hours 

(μg/mL): 0.8, 1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 

25.0p 

without S9-mix, 28 hours 

(μg/mL): 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25.0p, 

50.0p, 75.0p 

with S9-mix, 4-hours (μg/mL): 

57.8, 115.6, 231.3, 462.5, 925.0p, 

1850.0p 

OECD Guideline 473 (In vitro 

Mammalian Chromosome 

Aberration Test) (Adopted July 

21, 1997) 

Evaluation of results: 

negative 

Test results: 

negative for Chinese hamster 

lung fibroblasts (V79)(all 

strains/cell types tested) ; met. 

act.: with and without ; 

cytotoxicity: yes (Tested up to 

cytotoxic and precipitating 

concentrations) ; vehicle 

controls valid: yes; negative 

controls valid: not applicable; 

positive controls valid: yes 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

key study 

read-across based on 

grouping of 

substances (category 

approach) 

Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

dodecanenitrile 

(See endpoint 

summary for 

justification of 

read-across)

Kunz S, Schulz M 

(2006) 

5.7.1.2. In vivo data 

No relevant information available 

5.7.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 28

5.7.3. Summary and discussion of mutagenicity 

The substance does not show any activity on bacterial mutagenicity. Also bacterial mutagenicity studies with 

other alkylnitriles show negative results. Additionally, a mammalian chromosomal aberration study on V97 cells 

according to OECD 473 has been performed with Dodecanenitrile (CAS 2437-25-4) and also does not indicate 

any genotoxic potential. As C12 is about the average and represents the major part of the range of alkyl chains 

in coco (45 -62%), these results provide a rather good indication of the possible hazards for genotoxicity of 

Coconitrile. 

Additionally, the alkylnitriles do not react with DNA or react to protein (indicated by OECD Toolbox profiling). 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

In vitro Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (Ames): not mutagenic 

In vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test: not genotoxic (Read-across from dodecanenitrile) 

Value used for CSA: Genetic toxicity: No adverse effect observed (negative) 

Justification for classification or non classification

Alkylnitriles do not interact with DNA or protein. Available bacterial mutagenicity studies and an in vitro

chromosomal aberration study show no indication of genotoxic potential. 

5.8. Carcinogenicity 

5.8.1. Non-human information 

5.8.1.1. Carcinogenicity: oral 

No relevant information available 

5.8.1.2. Carcinogenicity: inhalation 

No relevant information available 

5.8.1.3. Carcinogenicity: dermal 

No relevant information available 

5.8.1.4. Carcinogenicity: other routes 

No relevant information available 

5.8.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.8.3. Summary and discussion of carcinogenicity 

5.9. Toxicity for reproduction 

5.9.1. Effects on fertility 

5.9.1.1. Non-human information 

The results of studies on fertility are summarised in the following table: 

Table 17. Studies on fertility

Method Results Remarks Reference
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 29

Method Results Remarks Reference

rat (Wistar) male/female 

screening 

oral: gavage 

(nominal conc. (0-50-250-1000 

mg/kg/day)) 

Vehicle: 2% Methylcellulose 

Exposure: Pre-pairing: 14-days 

Pairing: Until mating 

Gestation: about 21 days 

Parturition/lactation: until day 4 post 

partum 

Termination: males: minimum 28 

days; pups: day 4 post partum; dams: 

day 5 post partum. (Daily) 

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined 

Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with 

the Reproduction / Developmental 

Toxicity Screening Test) 

NOEL (P): 50 mg/kg bw/day 

(male/female) based on: test 

mat. (At next higher level 

(250 mg/kg) clinical signs, 

histopathological findings 

stomach & adrenal glands.) 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

key study 

read-across based on 

grouping of 

substances (category 

approach) 

Test material 

(IUPAC name): 

dodecanenitrile 

(See endpoint 

summary for 

justification of 

read-across)

Senn C, Flade D, 

Thio T (2007) 

Toxicity to reproduction: other studies

No relevant information available 

5.9.1.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.9.2. Developmental toxicity 

5.9.2.1. Non-human information 

No relevant information available 

5.9.2.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.9.3. Summary and discussion of reproductive toxicity 

Effects on fertility

A combined repeated dose/reproduction screening toxicity study according to OECD 422 has been performed 

with Dodecanenitrile (CAS 2437-25-4). As C12 is about the average and represents the major part of the range 

of alkyl chains in coco (45 -62%), these results provide a rather good indication of the possible hazards to 

reproduction of Coconitrile. The NOAEL for reproductive effects from this study is 250 mg/kg, based on death 

and poor health of the females at 1000 mg/kg. At 1000 mg/kg/day, two of the ten females were not pregnant, 

and seven females died or were killed for ethical reasons during or directly after giving birth or by day 4 post 

partum, leaving just one animal that reared her pups until day 4 pp. 

Reproductive performance: precoital time, duration of gestation, and number of implantations were not affected 

at 1000 mg/kg. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 30

NOAEL = 250 mg/kg bw/day 

Value used for CSA (route: oral):

NOAEL: 250 mg/kg bw/day 

Developmental toxicity

A combined repeated dose/reproduction screening toxicity study according to OECD 422 has been performed 

with Dodecanenitrile (CAS 2437-25-4). As C12 is about the average and represents the major part of the range 

of alkyl chains in coco (45 -62%), these results provide a rather good indication of the possible hazards to 

reproduction of Coconitrile. The NOAEL for reproductive effects from this study is 250 mg/kg, based on death 

and poor health of the females at 1000 mg/kg. At 1000 mg/kg/day, two of the ten females were not pregnant, 

and seven females died or were killed for ethical reasons during or directly after giving birth or by day 4 post 

partum, leaving just one animal that reared her pups until day 4 pp. 

Developmental related effects observed included increased incidence of post implantation loss, reduced mean 

litter size, increased incidence of dead pups at first litter check and increased incidence of postnatal loss. Only 

when calculated for all dams giving birth the incidence of postnatal loss was statistically significantly increased 

in group 4. This increase was considered to be treatment related. When calculated for all dams with live pups on 

day 4 post partum the incidence of postnatal loss of the remaining single female in group 4 was not increased. 

Examinations of pups during gross pathology did not show indications of possible congenital malformations, 

but then again no full histopathology has been performed on the pups. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

NOAEL = 250 mg/kg bw/day 

Value used for CSA (route: oral)

NOAEL: 250 mg/kg bw/day 

Justification for classification or non classification

The combined repeated dose/reproduction screening toxicity study with Dodecanenitrile (CAS 2437-25-4) 

showed no effects up to levels showing maternal toxicity. Higher dose levels resulted to high maternal toxicity 

causing death of most of the dams, and effects seen in pups are likely subsequent to maternal toxicity. No 

macroscopic malformations have been observed in the pups. The highest non-lethal dose remained without 

effect on reproduction parameters. 

5.10. Other effects 

5.10.1. Non-human information 

5.10.1.1. Neurotoxicity 

No relevant information available 

5.10.1.2. Immunotoxicity 

No relevant information available 

5.10.1.3. Specific investigations: other studies 

No relevant information available 

5.10.2. Human information 

No relevant information available 

5.10.3. Summary and discussion of other effects 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 31

5.11. Derivation of DNEL(s) and other hazard conclusions 

5.11.1. Overview of typical dose descriptors for all endpoints 

Table 18. Available dose-descriptor(s) per endpoint as a result of its hazard assessment

Endpoint Route Dose descriptor or qualitative effect 

characterisation; test type

Reference to selected study 

(see footnotes for justification)

Irritation / 

Corrosivity 

skin Adverse effect observed 

irritating 

 

Irritation / 

Corrosivity 

eye No adverse effect observed (not irritating) 

Sensitisation skin No adverse effect observed (not sensitising) 

Sensitisation respiratory 

tract 

No adverse effect observed (not sensitising) 

Repeated dose 

toxicity 

oral NOAEL: 50 mg/kg bw/day (subacute; rat) 

Target organs: digestive: stomach 

 

Mutagenicity in vitro / in 

vivo 

No adverse effect observed (negative) see section 5.7.1 / 5.7.2 

Reproductive 

toxicity: effects 

on fertility 

oral 

Reproductive 

toxicity: 

developmental 

toxicity 

oral 

5.11.2. Selection of the DNEL(s) or other hazard conclusion for critical health effects 

Table 19. Hazard conclusions for workers

Route Type of effect Hazard conclusion Most sensitive endpoint

Inhalation Systemic 

effects - 

Long-term 

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

version.<<< 

 

Inhalation Systemic 

effects - Acute 

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

version.<<< 

 

Inhalation Local effects - 

Long-term 

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

version.<<< 

 

Inhalation Local effects - 

Acute 

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

version.<<< 

 

Dermal Systemic 

effects - 

Long-term

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 32

Route Type of effect Hazard conclusion Most sensitive endpoint

version.<<< 

Dermal Systemic 

effects - Acute 

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

version.<<< 

 

Dermal Local effects - 

Long-term 

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

version.<<<

 

Dermal Local effects - 

Acute 

>>>CAUTION: IUCLID field "Hazard 

assessment conclusion" populated with an 

obsolete value migrated from a previous 

version.<<< 

 

Eyes Local effects 

Further explanation on hazard conclusions:

- Inhalation Systemic effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Inhalation Systemic effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Inhalation Local effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Inhalation Local effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Dermal Systemic effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Dermal Systemic effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Dermal Local effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Dermal Local effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

Discussion

Not applicable for Chemical intermediate produced under SCC on-site. 

Table 20. Hazard conclusions for the general population

Route Type of effect Hazard conclusion Most sensitive endpoint

Inhalation Systemic 

effects - 

Long-term 

 

Inhalation Systemic 

effects - Acute 

 

Inhalation Local effects - 

Long-term 

 

Inhalation Local effects - 

Acute 

 

Dermal Systemic 

effects - 

Long-term 

 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 33

Route Type of effect Hazard conclusion Most sensitive endpoint

Dermal Systemic 

effects - Acute 

 

Dermal Local effects - 

Long-term 

 

Dermal Local effects - 

Acute 

 

Oral Systemic 

effects - 

Long-term 

 

Oral Systemic 

effects - Acute 

 

Eyes Local effects 

Further explanation on hazard conclusions:

- Inhalation Systemic effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required

- Inhalation Systemic effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Inhalation Local effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Inhalation Local effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Dermal Systemic effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Dermal Systemic effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Dermal Local effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required

- Dermal Local effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required

- Oral Systemic effects - Long-term: For intermediates no CSR is required 

- Oral Systemic effects - Acute: For intermediates no CSR is required 

Discussion

Not applicable for Chemical intermediate produced under SCC on-site. 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 34

6. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF 

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 

6.1. Explosivity 

Data waiving: see CSR section 1.3 Physicochemical properties. 

Discussion

According to "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint 

specific guidance", “For the majority of substances, explosivity is not a concern and testing can be waived based 

on a consideration of the structure. ” In chapter R.7a a table (Table R.7.1-28) of chemical groups associated with 

explosive properties is given. The registered substance does not contain any of these chemical groups. Therefore, 

based on structure, this substance does not have explosive properties. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

According to "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint 

specific guidance", “For the majority of substances, explosivity is not a concern and testing can be waived based 

on a consideration of the structure. ” In chapter R.7a a table (Table R.7.1-28) of chemical groups associated with 

explosive properties is given. The registered substance does not contain any of these chemical groups. Therefore, 

based on structure, this substance does not have explosive properties. 

Classification according to GHS

Name: C12-18 evennumbered alkyl nitrile 

Related composition: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Classification according to DSD / DPD

Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered)) 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

6.2. Flammability 

Flammability

Data waiving: see CSR section 1.3 Physicochemical properties. 

Discussion

According toGuidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint 

specific guidance, for liquids and low melting point solids, the primary value for ease of ignition is the flash 

point. Therefore, the flash point has been determined for the test substance. In chapter R.7a several examples of 

chemical groups associated withpyrophoricity and flammability on contact with water are given. The registered 

substance does not contain any of these chemical groups. Therefore, based on structure, this substance does not 

havepyrophoricityproperties nor is itflammable on contact with water. 

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

According to Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint 

specific guidance, for liquids and low melting point solids, the primary value for ease of ignition is the flash 

point. Therefore, the flash point has been determined for the test substance. In chapter R.7a several examples of 

chemical groups associated with pyrophoricity and flammability on contact with water are given. The registered 

substance does not contain any of these chemical groups. Therefore, based on structure, this substance does not 

have pyrophoricity properties nor is it flammable on contact with water. 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 35

Flash point

The available information on flash point is summarised in the following table: 

Table 21. Information on flash point

Method Results Remarks Reference

closed cup 

ISO 2719:2002 

(Determination of flash 

point - Pensky-Martens 

closed cup method) 

Flash point: 

118 °C at ca. 1 atm 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

key study 

experimental result 

Test 

material: >>>??? 

ID not the same as 

in section 1.1, 

although "yes" is 

indicated in field 

"Identity of test 

material same as 

for substance 

defined in section 1 

(if not 

read-across)"<<<

Bo Karlsson 

(2009) 

Discussion

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

The flash point is determined to 118 oC. 

Classification according to GHS

Name: C12-18 evennumbered alkyl nitrile 

Related composition: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) 

Reason for no classification (Flammable gases): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Flammable aerosols): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Flammable liquids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Flammable solids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Classification according to DSD / DPD

Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered)) 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

6.3. Oxidising potential 

Data waiving: see CSR section 1.3 Physicochemical properties. 

Discussion

According to "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint 

specific guidance", “For the majority of substances, oxidising properties are not a concern and testing can be 

waived based on a consideration of the structure. ” In chapter R.7a a table (Table R.7.1-29) of chemical groups 

associated with oxidising properties is given. The registered substance does not contain any of these chemical 

groups. Therefore, based on structure, this substance does not have oxidising properties. 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 36

The following information is taken into account for any hazard / risk assessment: 

According to "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7a: Endpoint 

specific guidance", “For the majority of substances, oxidising properties are not a concern and testing can be 

waived based on a consideration of the structure. ” In chapter R.7a a table (Table R.7.1-29) of chemical groups 

associated with oxidising properties is given. The registered substance does not contain any of these chemical 

groups. Therefore, based on structure, this substance does not have oxidising properties. 

Classification according to GHS

Name: C12-18 evennumbered alkyl nitrile 

Related composition: Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) 

Reason for no classification (Oxidising gases): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Oxidising liquids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Reason for no classification (Oxidising solids): conclusive but not sufficient for classification 

Classification according to DSD / DPD

Classification status: 67/548/EEC self classification (Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered)) 

Reason for no classification: conclusive but not sufficient for classification 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 37

7. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT 

7.1. Aquatic compartment (including sediment) 

Acute aquatic toxicity data is available for fish, daphnia and algae. Based on the available data it is very likely 

that fish are less sensitive compared to algae and daphnia. The observed EC50's for Algae and daphnia are resp. 

1.02 mg/L and 18 μg/L 

7.1.1. Fish 

7.1.1.1. Short-term toxicity to fish 

The results are summarised in the following table: 

Table 22. Short-term effects on fish

Method Results Remarks Reference

Brachydanio rerio (new name: Danio 

rerio)

freshwater 

semi-static 

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute 

Toxicity Test) (version 1984) 

LC50 (96 h): 32 mg/L test 

mat. (nominal) based on: 

mortality 

LC50 (96 h): 3.5 mg/L test 

mat. (meas. (geom. mean)) 

based on: mortality 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

key study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coco nitrile

AkzoNobel (1992)

Discussion

One acute fish study has been performed but without quantification of the exposure concentration. Based on the 

available ecotox data on other aquatic species it is not expected that fish are going to be the most sensitive 

trophic level. 

The following information is taken into account for acute fish toxicity for the derivation of PNEC: 

LC50 fish is 32 mg/L 

Value used for CSA:

LC50 for freshwater fish: 32 mg/L 

7.1.1.2. Long-term toxicity to fish 

No relevant information available 

7.1.2. Aquatic invertebrates 

7.1.2.1. Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates 

The results are summarised in the following table: 

Table 23. Short-term effects on aquatic invertebrates

Method Results Remarks Reference

Daphnia magna

freshwater 

EC50 (48 h): 33 μg/L test 

mat. (meas. (initial)) based 

on: mobility (na) 

2 (reliable with 

restrictions) 

key study

Jenkins, W.R 

(1992) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 38

Method Results Remarks Reference

static 

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. 

Acute Immobilisation Test) 

EC50 (48 h): 18 μg/L test 

mat. (meas. (geom. mean)) 

based on: mobility (na) 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coco nitrile

Daphnia magna

freshwater 

static 

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. 

Acute Immobilisation Test) 

EC50 (48 h): 0.091 mg/L 

test mat. (nominal) based 

on: mobility (0.076-0.109 

mg/L) 

4 (not assignable) 

supporting study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coco nitrile

Zok (1994) 

Discussion

Two acute daphnia tests have been performed with C12-18 evennumbered alkyl Nitrile. Only one of them is 

considered of acceptable quality. The EC50 based on active ingredient and monitored exposure concentration is 

18 μg/L 

The following information is taken into account for short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates for the derivation 

of PNEC: 

The EC50 for aquatic invertebrates based on active ingredient and monitored exposure concentration of the key 

study is 18 μg/L. 

Value used for CSA:

EC50/LC50 for freshwater invertebrates: 18 μg/L 

7.1.2.2. Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates 

No relevant information available 

7.1.3. Algae and aquatic plants 

The results are summarised in the following table: 

Table 24. Effects on algae and aquatic plants

Method Results Remarks Reference

Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata (algae) 

freshwater 

static 

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth 

Inhibition Test) 

EC50 (72 h): 1.02 mg/L test 

mat. (meas. (initial)) based 

on: growth rate ((0.902 - 

1.15)) 

EC10 (72 h): 0.069 mg/L 

test mat. (100% active 

ingredient) (meas. (initial)) 

based on: growth rate 

((0.039-0.097)) 

1 (reliable without 

restriction) 

key study 

experimental result 

Test material 

(Common name): 

Coco nitrile

Scheerbaum, Dirk 

(2010) 

Discussion

Effects on algae / cyanobacteria

The EC50 for aquatic algae is 1.02 mg/L based on nominal initial test concentrations. The test was performed in 

natural river water. 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 39

The exposure concentrations were monitored but as the bulk-approach is applied and no sorption to glassware or 

(bio) degradation is considered to take place the algae were fully exposued to the nominal test substance 

concentrations during the test. 

The following information is taken into account for effects on algae / cyanobacteria for the derivation of PNEC: 

The EC50 based on growth for aquatic algae is 1.02 mg/L based on nominal test concentrations. 

The observed EC10 based on growth is 69 μg/L based on nominal test concentrations 

Value used for CSA:

EC50/LC50 for freshwater algae: 1.02 mg/L 

EC10/LC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae: 69 μg/L 

7.1.4. Sediment organisms 

No relevant information available 

7.1.5. Other aquatic organisms 

No relevant information available 

7.2. Terrestrial compartment 

7.2.1. Toxicity to soil macro-organisms 

No relevant information available 

7.2.2. Toxicity to terrestrial plants 

No relevant information available 

7.2.3. Toxicity to soil micro-organisms 

No relevant information available 

7.2.4. Toxicity to other terrestrial organisms 

No relevant information available 

7.3. Atmospheric compartment 

7.4. Microbiological activity in sewage treatment systems 

No relevant information available 

Discussion

During a five-day bacterial inhibition assay (Jenkins), performed under the conditions of the Closed Bottle test 

(EEC Procedure C6, OECD Procedure 301D), the test substance at 2 or 10 mg/l did not inhibit degradation of 

the reference material sodium benzoate. 

In the absence of an actual sludge inhibition test results, data from ready tests can be used as an alternative. 

The following information is taken into account for effects on aquatic micro-organisms for the derivation of 

PNEC: 

No inhibition of the oxydation in the toxicity control in a ready biodegradability test in the presence of test 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 40

substance up to 10 mg/L was observed. 

Value used for CSA:

EC10/LC10 or NOEC for aquatic micro-organisms: 10 mg/L 

7.5. Non compartment specific effects relevant for the food chain 

(secondary poisoning) 

7.5.1. Toxicity to birds 

No relevant information available 

7.5.2. Toxicity to mammals 

No relevant information available 

7.6. PNEC derivation and other hazard conclusions 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 41

8. PBT AND vPvB ASSESSMENT 

8.1. Assessment of PBT/vPvB Properties 

8.1.1. PBT/vPvB criteria and justification 

8.1.2. Summary and overall conclusions on PBT or vPvB properties 

Overall conclusion:

>>>CAUTION: Please complete the field "PBT assessment: overall result" in the endpoint summary for 

IUCLID section 2.3 by selecting the appropriate conclusion from the picklist. <<< 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 42

9. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (and related risk 

characterisation) 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 43

10. RISK CHARACTERISATION RELATED TO 

COMBINED EXPOSURE 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 44

REFERENCES 

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no.: 92/CFY001/0180. Owner company: Akzo Nobel. Study number: 1479. Report date: 1992-11-10. 

Bo Karlsson (2009). Flash point for Arneel C, batch S-001069, for REACH purposes. Testing laboratory: 

Analytical Laboratory; Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry, Stenungsund, Sweden. Report no.: ANL09110. Owner 

company: Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB. Report date: 2009-08-14. 

Hoechst AG (1988). Talgnitril: Prüfung auf Hautreizung am Kaninchen. Testing laboratory: Hoechst AG. 

Report no.: 88.0079. Owner company: Clariant. Report date: 1988-01-28. 

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no.: 88.0875. Owner company: Clariant. Report date: 1988-06-28. 

Jenkins, W. R (1992). Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Magna. Testing laboratory: Life Science Research Limited 

Eye Suffolk England. Report no.: 92/CFY002/0181. Owner company: Akzo Nobel. Report date: 1992-07-04. 

Kunz S, Schulz M (2006). In vitro chromosome aberration test in Chinese hamster V79 cells with 

Dodecanenitril 99%. Testing laboratory: RCC Cytotest Cell Research, Rossdorf, Germany. Report no.: 912300. 

Owner company: Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB, Stenungsund, Sweden. Report date: 2006-06-06. 

Kynoch, SR (1985). Acute oral toxicity to rats of Nitril KK. Testing laboratory: Huntingdon Research Centre, 

UK. Report no.: 85298D/KND 4/AC. Owner company: Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB, Stenungsund, 

Sweden. Report date: 1985-04-16. 

Noack, M. (1996). Ready biodegradability of Arneel C; modified Sturm test according to OECD 301 B. Testing 

laboratory: Dr U. Noack Labs. Report no.: AST 49091. Owner company: Akzo Nobel. Study number: Tox Lib 

120. Report date: 1996-03-25. 

Prinsen and Van Beek (1986). Acute eye irritation/corrosion study with Arneel C in albino rabbits. Testing 

laboratory: civo institutes tno. Report no.: V 86.143/260069. Owner company: Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry 

AB. Study number: TOX LIB 456. Report date: 1986-04-07. 

Prinsen, M. K. and Van Beek, L. (1986). Acute dermal Irritation/corrosion study with Arneel C in albino rabbits. 

Testing laboratory: civo institutes tnk, The netherlands. Report no.: V 86.122/260061. Owner company: Akzo 

Nobel Surface Chemistry AB. Study number: TOX ID 457. Report date: 1986-04-07. 

Scheerbaum, Dirk (2010). Coconitrile (CAS No. 61789-53-5) Alga, Growth Inhibition Test with 

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 72 h with Natural River Water. Testing laboratory: DR. U. 

NOACK-LABORATORIEN, Kaethe-Paulus Str. 1, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany. Owner company: Akzo Nobel 

Surface Chemistry AB. Study number: SPO13440. Report date: 2010-04-15. 

Senn C, Flade D, Thio T (2007). Dodecanenitril - Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the 

Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test. Testing laboratory: RCC Ltd, Switzerland. Report no.: 

A32624. Owner company: American Chemistry Council. Report date: 2007-06-15. 

Verspeek-Rip CM (2009). Evaluation of the mutagenic activity of Coconitrile in the Salmonella typhimurium 

reverse mutation assay and the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay (with independent repeat). Testing 

laboratory: NOTOX B. V., ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 492294. Owner company: Akzo 

Nobel Surface Chemistry AB, Stenungsund, Sweden. Report date: 2009-12-14. 

W. R. Jenkins (1992). Cesio 40 Assesment of ready Biodegradability Modified Sturm test. Testing laboratory: 

Lifer Science research Suffolk. Report no.: 92/cfy003/0108. Owner company: Akzo Nobel. Study number: tox 

id 1476. Report date: 1992-07-29. 

Zok (1994). Coconitrile a acute toxicity test in Daphnia magna of 48h. Testing laboratory: Hoechst. Report no.: 

94.0153. Owner company: Hoechst. Report date: 1994-05-04. 

van Huygevoort, AHBM. (2010). Assessment of Contact Hypersensitivity to Coconitrile in the Albino Guinea 
EC number: 

628-856-6 

Nitriles, C12-18 (even numbered) CAS number: 

1218787-29-1 

2013-05-13 CSR-PI-5.4.1 CHEMICAL SAFETY REPORT 45

Pig (Maximization Test). Testing laboratory: NOTOX B. V., ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Report no.: 

493502. Owner company: Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB, Stenungsund, Sweden. Report date: 2010-06-24.