NATL INST OF STAND & TECH NBS

PUBLICATIONS

A11107 aSTfllS

NBS Special Publication 686

State Measurement Laboratories

Program Description - Part I

Directory - Part II

•

100

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No. 586

1984 .

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U.S. Department of Commerce

National Bureau of Standards

Gaithersburg, MD 20899
m he National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The

Jl Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a

basis for the nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and

government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety.

The Bureau's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National

Engineering Laboratory, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Center for Materials

Science.

The National Measurement Laboratory

Provides the national system of physical and chemical measurement;

coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and

furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and

chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, in- dustry, and commerce; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; conducts physical and chemical research; develops,

produces, and distributes Standard Reference 'Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

• Basic Standards'^

• Radiation Research

• Chemical Physics

• Analytical Chemistry

The National Engineering Laboratory

Provides technology and technical services to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement

capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops

test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops

and proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves

mechanisms to transfer results of its reseairch to the ultimate user. The

Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics

Electronics and Electrical Engineering^

Manufacturing Engineering

Building Technology

Fire Research

Chemical Engineering^

The Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology

Conducts research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and economy in Government

operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing

the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP

voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government. The Institute consists of the following centers:

Programming Science and

Technology

Computer Systems

Engineering

The Center for Materials Science

Conducts research and provides measurements, data, standards, reference

materials, quantitative understanding and other technical information fundamental to the processing, structure, properties and performance of materials; addresses the scientific basis for new advanced materials technologies; plans

research around cross-country scientific themes such as nondestructive

evaluation and phase diagram development; oversees Bureau-wide technical programs in nuclear reactor radiation research and nondestructive evaluation; and broadly disseminates generic technical information resulting from

its programs. The Center consists of the following Divisions:

Inorganic Materials Fracture and Deformation^

Polymers

Metallurgy Reactor Radiation

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Gaithersburg, MD 20899. ^Some divisions witiiin the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303. 'Located at Boulder, CO, with some elements at Gaithersburg, MD.
State Measurement Laboratories

H. V. Oppermann

National Bureau of Standards

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

Issued November 1984

KflTIONfiX BUFEATI OF STANDARDS

Program Description - Part I Directory - Part 11
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 84-601142

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 686

Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 686, 69 pages (Nov. 1984)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1984
CONTENTS

Page

Foreword iv

Part I - Program Description 1

Introduction ... 1

Measurement Areas for Certification 1 Tolerance Testing 2 Calibration 3 Requirements for Laboratory Certification 4

Training and Evaluation 4

Measurement Control 5 Internal Control Programs 5 External Control Programs 6

Conclusion and Sumnary 7

PART II - State Directory

.

13

i i i
FOREWORD

As part of its mission to promote uniform standards of measurement

throughout the country, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) received

funding in 1965 to issue new standards of mass, length, and volume to

State weights and measures laboratories. This program included the

equipment needed to perform calibrations in these measurement areas.

To maintain the validity of these standards and to assure that the

standards are used properly, NBS trains State metrologists in the test

procedures used in the NBS laboratories and conducts a voluntary

certification program for State weights and measures laboratories. As

part of the certification requirements, NBS requires that a State have

adequate facilities in which to perform the measurements; the

metrologist must receive the necessary training and submit data demonstrating the results of applying the test procedures; and the

laboratory must establish measurement control programs acceptable to

NBS in the various measurement areas. The certification program is

described in Part I.

The directory in Part II lists State measurement laboratories and the

services they provide to State and local weights and measures agencies

as well as industry. It is intended to assist potential users in

locating and obtaining needed services. This directory provides:

- a reference to laboratory services

- definition of services

- fees ,if any, for services.
PART I

STATE LABORATORY CERTIFICATION

INTRODUCTION

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) conducts a program whereby State

laboratories are certified by measurement areas. This certification

does not mean that the measurements made by a State are certified, but

only recognizes that an apparent capability to perform reliable

measurements exists and that the metrologist has been trained in the

proper procedures to provide these measurements. Additionally, the

certification indicates that the metrologist has fulfilled the requirements and submitted the data requested by NBS for certification. Each

State laboratory is responsible for the validity of its measurements.

The fact that a laboratory is not certified should not imply that the

laboratory is inadequate or that its measurements are not valid.

Rather, it indicates that a laboratory has not provided the necessary

information to permit the NBS to evaluate its capability. Consequently,

the NBS cannot take a position regarding the capability of this

laboratory. Such laboratories must provide their own documentation

to justify the validity of their measurements.

In 1965, Congress provided funds for NBS to issue new standards of

mass, volume, and length to the States, the District of Columbia,

Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands to update their laboratories and

increase their measurement capabilities. This was called the New State

Standards Program. This program included the necessary laboratory

equipment to use these standards and provide measurement services.

Each jurisdiction was responsible for providing a laboratory and a metrologist to be trained to use the standards and the equipment. The

standards were issued to the States from 1967 through 1978. Since that

time, many States have purchased additional equipment to increase their

measurement capability and to expand into other measurement areas, such

as liquid-in-glass thermometry, the frequency testing of tuning forks

for police radar guns, and the testing of large-volume provers.

MEASUREMENT AREAS FOR CERTIFICATION

A brief summary of each measurement area contained in the certification

program is provided under the headings of Tolerance Testing and

Calibration. Some States provide measurement services in other areas,

but the NBS has not developed criteria to serve as the basis for

laboratory certification in these areas. Consequently, they are not

included in the certification program.

1
Each laboratory certified in a given area has been judged to be capable

of providing the measurement services indicated. The range of standards that can be tested by a laboratory will depend upon the equipment

it has purchased in addition to that received through the New State

Standards Program. A general classification of the range of standards

that can be tested is indicated by the headings of the tables of

services available. The mass classifications for tolerance testing are given in pounds whereas the mass classifications for calibration are given in kilograms because inch-pound standards are usually used in

tolerance testing and metric standards in calibrations. Comparable

standards in other mass units of measure can also be tested.

TOLERANCE TSTING

A tolerance can be simply defined as the permitted difference between

the nominal value of the standard and its actual value under specific

conditions. Tolerance testing is the process in which a standard is

tested to determine if the actual value of the standard is within

tolerance. To be certified to a tolerance class, a standard must

comply with the specifications and tolerances for the specified

tolerance class.

Mass

Tolerance testing of mass standards is usually done according to

specifications included in:

- NBS Handbook 105-1

- American Society for Testing and Materials Standard E617,

Classes 4, 5, and 6

- NBS Circular 547, Classes P, Q, and T

- NBS Circular 3, Classes A, B, and C.

Tolerance testing to International Organization of Legal Metrology

tolerances of classes F2, M]^, and M2 and other tolerances can be

performed upon request.

Volume

Tolerance testing of volume standards is divided into small-, intermediate-, and large-volume standards depending upon the laboratory

standards to be used. Small-volume standards may have a capacity up to

25 gallons. Glassware standards may be tested to NBS Handbook 105-2

tolerances or the tolerances stated in Federal regulations. Metal

field standards are tested to NBS Handbook 105-3.

2
The capacities of intermediate-volume standards range from 25 through

500 gallons. Large-volume standards have capacities in excess of 500

gallons. These standards are usually tested to NBS Handbook 105-3.

CALIBRATION

Calibration is the process of comparing an unknown standard to a known

standard and assigning a value, along with an uncertainty, to the

unknown standard. The uncertainty expresses the extent to which that

assigned value may be in error relative to its reference base, which

typically is the national standard. When calibrated by a State

laboratory, the assigned value may or may not be within the specified

tolerance; hence, the correction and uncertainty assigned to the

standard should be used in subsequent measurements. In some cases, the

uncertainties assigned to standards will exceed the specified tol- erances. The uncertainties reflect the level of precision the State

laboratories can achieve. The uncertainty will differ from one laboratory to another depending- on standards and equipment available to

perform the measurement. Potential customers should contact the State

laboratory to verify that the assigned uncertainty is adequate for

their needs.

Mass

Calibrations are usually performed on mass standards designed to:

American Society for Testing and Materials Standard E617,

Classes 1, 2, and 3

NBS Circular 547, Classes J, M, S, and S-1

International Organization of Legal Metrology Classes E2 and F]^.

Depending on the laboratory, air buoyancy corrections may or may not be

made. Customers should specify the apparent mass reference density

desired for their calibration and the density of the mass standards.

Volume

Small glassware standards are usually calibrated gravimetrical ly or by

volume transfer. The capacity of metal standards is typically 5 gallons or 20 liters.

Length

Steel tapes up to several hundred feet may be calibrated. The uncer- tainties are typically a few thousandths of a foot. Rigid rules up to

12 inches can be calibrated with uncertainties of several thousandths

of an inch.

3
Frequency

The frequency calibration services are usually limited to tuning forks

used with police radar guns.

Temperature

Temperature calibration is generally limited to liquid-in-glass

thermometers. Some States test only clinical thermometers of this

type. The standards for most States are also 1 iquid-in~glass thermometers. The uncertainties for temperature calibration will vary among the

laboratories. Many requests for calibrations involve tolerances

specified by the customer.

REQUIREMENTS FOR LABORATORY CERTIFICATION

There are three general requirements for certification:

1. The State must have adequate laboratory facilities and

equipment to provide the services that are offered.

2. The metrologist must receive regular training and demonstrate

the ability to perform the laboratory measurements.

3. The metrologist must implement and maintain measurement

control programs in various measurement areas as required by

NBS.

The requirements for the laboratory facilities and general operation

are contained in the NBS handbook entitled "Certification of Capabilities of State Measurement Laboratories." The laboratories are evaluated through a self-appraisal checklist submitted by the me- trologist, usually followed by an on-site evaluation. The metrologist

is evaluated on the basis of performance in training seminars, the work

submitted to NBS as part of the laboratory assignments, participation

in technical meetings, and a review of laboratory data and test

procedures during the on-site evaluation. The quality of a laboratory's measurement results are evaluated through its control charts and

round robin experiments. Brief discussions of these topics follow.

TRAINING AND EVALUATION

The NBS trains State metrologists in the basic laboratory metrology

procedures for mass, volume, and length measurement during a two-week

seminar. The test procedures are researched in NBS publications. The

metrologists must then complete a series of laboratory assignments and

submit the data to NBS to document their understanding of the procedures and the calculations. Additional laboratory problems are assigned

to each laboratory to establish measurement control programs in several

measurement areas.

4
Each metrologist is expected to attend the intermediate metrology

seminar to receive additional training in laboratory procedures and in

the corrections needed for high precision measurement. Following this

seminar, the metrologists are assigned a series of problems to demonstrate their understanding of the seminar material.

States that expand into other areas of measurement are encouraged to

attend specialized seminars conducted by the NBS calibration laboratories. Examples of these areas are temperature and pressure

measurements. The laboratories must then establish measurement control

programs in these measurement areas to assure agreement with NBS

results.

Each State is expected to participate in Regional Measurement Management Programs (RMMPs). These RMMPs are groups of laboratories in given

geographical areas that have joined together to conduct meetings for

the purpose of training and demonstration of procedures, and to conduct

round robin experiments to promote uniform measurements in their

geographical area. The knowledge exhibited by metrologists in these

meetings and their results on the round robin experiments are included

as part of the evaluation of the State laboratories.

MEASUREMENT CONTROL

The NBS criteria require State weights and measures laboratories to

utilize formal quality control techniques to ensure that their measurements are sufficiently accurate to meet their needs on a continuing

basis. If such techniques are properly employed, it is possible to

quantify the uncertainties of the measurements. Monitoring them over

time can assure that they remain sufficiently small to meet operational

requirements. The NBS has been working closely with the State weights

and measures laboratories to help them improve and demonstrate their

ability to perform high-quality calibrations.

Measurement control programs have been established for mass calibration

and the volume transfer testing of glass volume standards. These

programs will be expanded into the other measurement areas. Round

robin experiments are conducted to investigate the agreement of the

State laboratories in the other measurement areas.

The measurement control programs consist of two parts: internal

control programs and external control programs.

INTERNAL CONTROL PROGRAMS

The internal measurement control programs generally consist of repeated

measurements on the same objects over an extended period of time. The

data are then plotted on control charts to establish the limits of

random errors in the measurement processes. If these repeated measurements are made on the standards themselves, this approach monitors the

standards as well as the variability of the measurement process.

5
Statistical confidence tests are used to monitor the stability of the

standards and the variance of the measurement process. The control

chart data can be used to document the validity of measurements made on

a given day. Finally, the control chart data are used to determine if

the standards agree with the NBS-reported values. Disagreement with

the NBS-reported values requires corrective action. If the problem

persists, the standards must be recalibrated by NBS

.

In some measurement areas it is not possible to keep a standard or standards in the laboratory simply for the purpose of measurement

control. In these instances, repeated measurements are run on each

standard submitted for test. Differences in test results are then

plotted on a "range" chart. The process variance is estimated from the

range in the measurements made on many standards. The range chart is

also used to verify that repeated measurements made on a given standard

fall within the indicated limits.

In some instances, such as the volume transfer testing of glass flasks,

a combination of control and range charts is used. The type of

measurement control program depends on the critical ity of the measurements, the availability of standards for use as "check" standards, and

the tolerances for the standards under test. The frequency of measurements made to control the measurement process and the type of control

program utilized are tailored to the measurement area under investigation.

EXTERNAL CONTROL PROGRAMS

In the external measurement control programs, standards external to the

laboratory are submitted to the laboratory for test. These external

standards are usually calibrated by the NBS to provide a reference

value. These standards are usually circulated as part of round robin

experiments conducted and coordinated by the Regional Measurement

Management Programs (RMMPs). Although the NBS provides values for the

circulating standards, the round robin experiments are developed,

coordinated, and analyzed by the RMMPs. The NBS participates in the

data analysis and the regional meetings to identify any problems and to

provide training to eliminate discrepancies. This information is vital

to the NBS certification program. The RMMPs are thus an integral part

of the NBS certification program and reduce the amount of effort

necessary to monitor the State laboratories.

The external measurement control programs are used to compare the RMMP

results to the NBS values. These programs investigate the presence of

systematic errors and can be used to test the variance of the measurement processes. Plots of interlaboratory results are frequently used

to analyze data. Internal measurement control programs should be

established before a laboratory participates in round robin experiments

to obtain maximum benefits from these external measurement control

programs.

6
The RMMPs are groups of State and, to a limited extent, private

laboratories that have joined together to conduct meetings and perform

round robin tests in mass, length, and volume to promote uniformity in

test procedures and measurement results. Five RMMPs provide the

opportunity for all the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico,

and the Virgin Islands to participate (Figure 1):

- Northeastern Measurement Assurance Program (NEMAP)

- Southeastern Measurement Assurance Program (SEMAP)

- Western Regional Management Group (WRMG)

- Mid-America Measurement Assurance Program (Mid-Map)

- Southwestern Assurance Program (SWAP)

The NBS goal is to provide an external measurement control system that

is available to all States. The overall goal is for each State to

participate in one of the five RMMPs. The RMMPs promote uniform

measurement results by:

1. providing training through the presentation of papers prepared

by members,

2. demonstrating test procedures to assure uniformity,

3. conducting round robin experiments to investigate the presence

of measurement errors, and

4. addressing mutual problems.

Uniformity among RMMPs is attained through additional NBS training at

the meetings, the calibration of standards used in the round robin

experiments, and the evaluation of the round robin results. The RMMPs

interact further through the Metrology Workshops held in conjunction

with the National Conference on Weights and Measures. Members of each

RMMP report on activities and round robin results and discuss ways of

improving their condition.

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

Each State must have a trained metrologist and an adequate laboratory

facility, and must demonstrate on a continuing basis that it is capable

of providing valid measurements in order to be certified in a particular measurement area. The certification by NBS indicates that the

laboratory is capable of providing a measurement service, but each

State must justify the validity of its own measurements.

The table that follows summarizes the certified areas of measurement

for each State. Part II provides detailed information to assist

industry and government agencies in locating laboratories that provide

needed measurement services.

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PART II

DETAILED INFORMATION BY STATE

This section contains the following information by State (in

alphabetical order):

1 . Name(s) of laboratory staff

2. Mailing address

3. Telephone number(3)

4. Services available (see Part I for definitions of services)

5. Fee structure (if any).

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NBS-1 )4A 'K> \ .'-H'"

. S. i 1 1

'

1 , O 1 C OMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (Sff instnii. tionsi

1. PUBLICA I ION OR

RtPORT NO.

NBS/SP-686

2. Performinp, Orgnn. Report No. 3. F'ubl 1 cation D .uc November 1984

4. TITLE AND SLI BTITLE

State Measurement Laboratories

Program Description - Part I Directory - Part II

5. AUTHOR(S)

H, V. Oppermann

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or olhor than NBS. see instructions)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City, State, ZIP)

Same as in item 6 above.

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 84-601142

Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FlPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT ( A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bi bl io graphy or I iterature survey, mention it here) The National Bureau of Standards receives repeated requests from industry and

Federal agencies (e.g., Department of Defense, Nuclear Regulatory Commission) for

information about the capabilities of and services provided by State measurement

laboratories

.

This directory is a compilation of such information by State, irfcluding a description of the services available and fees charged. The directory will be updated

annually in January of each year to coincide with the issuance of annual certification of these laboratories.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) calibration; State Directory; State services; tolerance testing; weights and measures

.

13. AVAILABILITY

~X. Unlimited

~\ For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

' 20402. >< Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

69

15. Price

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Order the above NBS publications from: Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402. Order the following NBS publications—FIPS and NBSIR 's—from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.

Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS PUB)—Publications in this series collectively constitute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register. The Register serves as the official source of

information in the Federal Government regarding standards issued by NBS pursuant to the Federal Property

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for outside sponsors (both government and non-govemment). In general, initial distribution is handled by the sponsor; public distribution is by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, in paper copy or microfiche form.
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