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                            Regulations
                            Chapter 99
                            Part 9903 - Contract Coverage
        
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CHAPTER 99Part Number: 9903
        
                  

                                
                  
        CFR Title 48 Chapter 99
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Part 9903 - Contract Coverage
    

  
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                 Next »PART 9903 - CONTRACT COVERAGE
      Subpart 9903.1 - General
               
                  
                     9903.101 Cost Accounting Standards.
                  
                  
                     9903.102 OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act.
                  
               
            
            
               Subpart 9903.2 - CAS Program Requirements
               
                  
                     9903.201 Contract requirements.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-1 CAS applicability.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-2 Types of CAS coverage.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-3 Solicitation provisions.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-4 Contract clauses.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-5 Waiver.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-6 Findings.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-7 Cognizant Federal agency responsibilities.
                  
                  
                     9903.201-8 Compliant accounting changes due to external restructuring activities.
                  
                  
                     9903.202 Disclosure requirements.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-1 General requirements.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-2 Impracticality of submission.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-3 Amendments and revisions.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-4 Privileged and confidential information.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-5 Filing Disclosure Statements.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-6 Adequacy of Disclosure Statement.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-7 [Reserved]
                  
                  
                     9903.202-8 Subcontractor Disclosure Statements.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-9 Illustration of Disclosure Statement Form, CASB-DS-1.
                  
                  
                     9903.202-10 Illustration of Disclosure Statement Form, CASB DS-2.
                  
               
            
            
               Subpart 9903.3 - CAS Rules and Regulations
               
                  
                     9903.301 Definitions.
                  
                  
                     9903.302 Definitions, explanations, and illustrations of the terms, “cost accounting practice” and “change to a cost accounting practice.”
                  
                  
                     9903.302-1 Cost accounting practice.
                  
                  
                     9903.302-2 Change to a cost accounting practice.
                  
                  
                     9903.302-3 Illustrations of changes which meet the definition of “change to a cost accounting practice.”
                  
                  
                     9903.302-4 Illustrations of changes which do not meet the definition of “Change to a cost accounting practice.”
                  
                  
                     9903.303 Effect of filing Disclosure Statement.
                  
                  
                     9903.304 Concurrent full and modified coverage.
                  
                  
                     9903.305 Materiality.
                  
                  
                     9903.306 Interpretations.
                  
                  
                     9903.307 Cost Accounting Standards Preambles.
   Subpart 9903.1 - General
   9903.101 Cost Accounting Standards.
      Public Law 100-679 (41 U.S.C. 422) requires certain contractors and subcontractors to comply with Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) and to disclose in writing and follow consistently their cost accounting practices.9903.102 OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act.
      The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) imposes a requirement on Federal agencies to obtain approval from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) before collecting information from ten or more members of the public. The information collection and recordkeeping requirements contained in this regulation have been approved by OMB. OMB has assigned Control Numbers 0348-0051 and 0348-0055 to the paperwork, recordkeeping and forms associated with this regulation.Subpart 9903.2 - CAS Program Requirements
   9903.201 Contract requirements.9903.201-1 CAS applicability.
      (a) This subsection describes the rules for determining whether a proposed contract or subcontract is exempt from CAS. (See 9904 or 9905, as applicable.) Negotiated contracts not exempt in accordance with  9903.201-1(b) shall be subject to CAS. A CAS-covered contract may be subject to full, modified or other types of CAS coverage. The rules for determining the applicable type of CAS coverage are in  9903.201-2.
         (b) The following categories of contracts and subcontracts are exempt from all CAS requirements:
         (1) Sealed bid contracts.
         (2) Negotiated contracts and subcontracts not in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)). For purposes of this paragraph (b)(2), an order issued by one segment to another segment shall be treated as a subcontract.
         (3) Contracts and subcontracts with small businesses.
         (4) Contracts and subcontracts with foreign governments or their agents or instrumentalities or, insofar as the requirements of CAS other than  9904.401 and  9904.402 are concerned, any contract or subcontract awarded to a foreign concern.
         (5) Contracts and subcontracts in which the price is set by law or regulation.
         (6) Contracts and subcontracts authorized in 48 CFR 12.207 for the acquisition of commercial items.
         (7) Contracts or subcontracts of less than $7.5 million, provided that, at the time of award, the business unit of the contractor or subcontractor is not currently performing any CAS-covered contracts or subcontracts valued at $7.5 million or greater.
         (8)-(12) [Reserved]
         (13) Subcontractors under the NATO PHM Ship program to be performed outside the United States by a foreign concern.
         (14) [Reserved]
         (15) Firm-fixed-price contracts or subcontracts awarded on the basis of adequate price competition without submission of certified cost or pricing data.9903.201-2 Types of CAS coverage.
      (a) *Full coverage.* Full coverage requires that the business unit comply with all of the CAS specified in part 9904 that are in effect on the date of the contract award and with any CAS that become applicable because of later award of a CAS-covered contract. Full coverage applies to contractor business units that -
         (1) Receive a single CAS-covered contract award of $50 million or more; or
         (2) Received $50 million or more in net CAS-covered awards during its preceding cost accounting period.
         (b) *Modified coverage.*
         (1) 
			Modified CAS coverage requires only that the contractor comply with Standard  9904.401, Consistency in Estimating, Accumulating, and Reporting Costs, Standard  9904.402, Consistency in Allocating Costs Incurred for the Same Purpose, Standard  9904.405, Accounting for Unallowable Costs and Standard  9904.406, Cost Accounting Standard - Cost Accounting Period. Modified, rather, than full, CAS coverage may be applied to a covered contract of less than $50 million awarded to a business unit that received less than $50 million in net CAS-covered awards in the immediately preceding cost accounting period.
         (2) If any one contract is awarded with modified CAS coverage, all CAS-covered contracts awarded to that business unit during that cost accounting period must also have modified coverage with the following exception: if the business unit receives a single CAS-covered contract award of $50 million or more, that contract must be subject to full CAS coverage. Thereafter, any covered contract awarded in the same cost accounting period must also be subject to full CAS coverage.
         (3) A contract awarded with modified CAS coverage shall remain subject to such coverage throughout its life regardless of changes in the business unit's CAS status during subsequent cost accounting periods.
         (c) *Coverage for educational institutions* -
         (1) 
			*Regulatory requirements.* Parts 9903 and 9905 apply to educational institutions except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (c) and at  9903.202-1(f).
         (2) *Definitions.*
         (i) 
			The following term is prominent in parts 9903 and 9905. Other terms defined elsewhere in this chapter 99 shall have the meanings ascribed to them in those definitions unless paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this subsection below requires otherwise.
         *Educational institution* means a public or nonprofit institution of higher education, e.g., an accredited college or university, as defined in section 1201(a) of Public Law 89-329, November 8, 1965, Higher Education Act of 1965; (20 U.S.C. 1141(a)).
         (ii) The following modifications of terms defined elsewhere in this chapter 99 are applicable to educational institutions:
         *Business unit* means any segment of an educational institution, or an entire educational institution which is not divided into segments.
         *Segment* means one of two or more divisions, campus locations, or other subdivisions of an educational institution that operate as independent organizational entities under the auspices of the parent educational institution and report directly to an intermediary group office or the governing central system office of the parent educational institution. Two schools of instruction operating under one division, campus location or other subdivision would not be separate segments unless they follow different cost accounting practices, for example, the School of Engineering should not be treated as a separate segment from the School of Humanities if they both are part of the same division's cost accounting system and are subject to the same cost accounting practices. The term includes Government-owned contractor-operated (GOCO) facilities, Federally Funded Research and Developments Centers (FFRDCs), and joint ventures and subsidiaries (domestic and foreign) in which the institution has a majority ownership. The term also includes those joint ventures and subsidiaries (domestic and foreign) in which the institution has less than a majority of ownership, but over which it exercises control.
         (3) *Applicable standards.* Coverage for educational institutions requires that the business unit comply with all of the CAS specified in part 9905 that are in effect on the date of the contract award and with any CAS that become applicable because of later award of a CAS-covered contract. This coverage applies to business units that receive negotiated contracts in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), except for CAS-covered contracts awarded to FFRDCs operated by an educational institution.
         (4) *FFRDCs.* Negotiated contracts awarded to an FFRDC operated by an educational institution are subject to the full or modified CAS coverage prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this subsection. CAS-covered FFRDC contracts shall be excluded from the institution's universe of contracts when determining CAS applicability and disclosure requirements for contracts other than those to be performed by the FFRDC.
         (5) *Contract clauses.* The contract clause at  9903.201-4(e) shall be incorporated in each negotiated contract and subcontract awarded to an educational institution when the negotiated contract or subcontract price exceeds the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)). For CAS-covered contracts awarded to an FFRDC operated by an educational institution, however, the full or modified CAS contract clause specified at  9903.201-4(a) or (c), as applicable, shall be incorporated.
         (6) *Continuity in fully CAS-covered contracts.* Where existing contracts awarded to an educational institution incorporate full CAS coverage, the contracting officer may continue to apply full CAS coverage, as prescribed at  9903.201-2(a), in future awards made to that educational institution.
         (d) *Subcontracts.* Subcontract awards subject to CAS require the same type of CAS coverage as would prime contracts awarded to the same business unit. In measuring total net CAS-covered awards for a year, a transfer by one segment to another shall be deemed to be a subcontract award by the transferor.
         (e) *Foreign concerns.* Contracts with foreign concerns subject to CAS shall only be subject to Standard  9904.401, Consistency in Estimating, Accumulating, and Reporting Costs, and Standard  9904.402, Consistency in Allocating Costs Incurred for the Same Purpose.9903.201-3 Solicitation provisions.
      (a) *Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification.*
         (1) 
			The contracting officer shall insert the provision set forth below, Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification, in solicitations for proposed contracts subject to CAS as specified in  9903.201. The provision allows offerors to -
         (i) Certify their Disclosure Statement status;
         (ii) [Reserved]
         (iii) Claim exemption from full CAS coverage and elect modified CAS coverage when appropriate; and
         (iv) Certify whether award of the contemplated contract would require a change to existing cost accounting practices.
         (2) If an award to an educational institution is contemplated prior to July 1, 1997, the contracting officer shall use the basic provision set forth below with its Alternate I, unless the contract is to be performed by an FFRDC (see  9903.201(c)(5)), or the provision at  9903.201(c)(6) applies.
                                    Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification (JUL 2011)
                                    
                                       **Note:**
                                       This notice does not apply to small businesses or foreign governments.
                                    
                                    This notice is in three parts, identified by Roman numerals I through III.
                                    Offerors shall examine each part and provide the requested information in order to determine Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) requirements applicable to any resultant contract.
                                    If the offeror is an educational institution, Part II does not apply unless the contemplated contract will be subject to full or modified CAS-coverage pursuant to  9903.201-2(c)(5) or  9903.201-2(c)(6).
                                    I. Disclosure Statement - Cost Accounting Practices and Certifications
                                    (a) Any contract in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), resulting from this solicitation, except for those contracts which are exempt as specified in  9903.201-1.
                                    (b) Any offeror submitting a proposal which, if accepted, will result in a contract subject to the requirements of 48 CFR, chapter 99 must, as a condition of contracting, submit a Disclosure Statement as required by  9903.202. When required, the Disclosure Statement must be submitted as a part of the offeror's proposal under this solicitation unless the offeror has already submitted a Disclosure Statement disclosing the practices used in connection with the pricing of this proposal. If an applicable Disclosure Statement has already been submitted, the offeror may satisfy the requirement for submission by providing the information requested in paragraph (c) of Part I of this provision.
                                    Caution: In the absence of specific regulations or agreement, a practice disclosed in a Disclosure Statement shall not, by virtue of such disclosure, be deemed to be a proper, approved, or agreed-to-practice for pricing proposals or accumulating and reporting contract performance cost data.
                                    (c) Check the appropriate box below:
                                    □ (1) Certificate of Concurrent Submission of Disclosure Statement.
                                    The offeror hereby certifies that, as a part of the offer, copies of the Disclosure Statement have been submitted as follows: (i) Original and one copy to the cognizant Administrative Contracting Officer (ACO) or cognizant Federal agency official authorized to act in that capacity, as applicable, and (ii) one copy to the cognizant Federal auditor.
                                    (Disclosure must be on Form No. CASB DS-1 or CASB DS-2, as applicable. Forms may be obtained from the cognizant ACO or cognizant Federal agency official acting in that capacity and/or from the looseleaf version of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.)
                                    Date of Disclosure Statement:
                                    Name and Address of Cognizant ACO or Federal Official where filed:
                                    The offeror further certifies that the practices used in estimating costs in pricing this proposal are consistent with the cost accounting practices disclosed in the Disclosure Statement.
                                    □ (2) Certificate of Previously Submitted Disclosure Statement. The offeror hereby certifies that the required Disclosure Statement was filed as follows:
                                    Date of Disclosure Statement:
                                    Name and Address of Cognizant ACO or Federal Official where filed:
                                    The offeror further certifies that the practices used in estimating costs in pricing this proposal are consistent with the cost accounting practices disclosed in the applicable Disclosure Statement.
                                    □ (3) Certificate of Monetary Exemption.
                                    The offeror hereby certifies that the offeror, together with all divisions, subsidiaries, and affiliates under common control, did not receive net awards of negotiated prime contracts and subcontracts subject to CAS totaling $50 million or more in the cost accounting period immediately preceding the period in which this proposal was submitted.
                                    The offeror further certifies that if such status changes before an award resulting from this proposal, the offeror will advise the Contracting Officer immediately.
                                    □ (4) Certificate of Interim Exemption.
                                    The offeror hereby certifies that (i) the offeror first exceeded the monetary exemption for disclosure, as defined in (3) above, in the cost accounting period immediately preceding the period in which this offer was submitted and (ii) in accordance with  9903.202-1, the offeror is not yet required to submit a Disclosure Statement. The offeror further certifies that if an award resulting from this proposal has not been made within 90 days after the end of that period, the offeror will immediately submit a revised certificate to the Contracting Officer, in the form specified under subparagraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of Part I of this provision, as appropriate, to verify submission of a completed Disclosure Statement.
                                    CAUTION: Offerors currently required to disclose because they were awarded a CAS-covered prime contract or subcontract of $50 million or more in the current cost accounting period may not claim this exemption (4). Further, the exemption applies only in connection with proposals submitted before expiration of the 90-day period following the cost accounting period in which the monetary exemption was exceeded.
                                    II. Cost Accounting Standards - Eligibility for Modified Contact Coverage
                                    If the offeror is eligible to use the modified provisions of  9903.201-2(b) and elects to do so, the offeror shall indicate by checking the box below. Checking the box below shall mean that the resultant contract is subject to the Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices clause in lieu of the Cost Accounting Standards clause.
                                    □ The offeror hereby claims an exemption from the Cost Accounting Standards clause under the provisions of  9903.201-2(b) and certifies that the offeror is eligible for use of the Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices clause because during the cost accounting period immediately preceding the period in which this proposal was submitted, the offeror received less than $50 million in awards of CAS-covered prime contracts and subcontracts. The offeror further certifies that if such status changes before an award resulting from this proposal, the offeror will advise the Contracting Officer immediately.
                                    CAUTION: An offeror may not claim the above eligibility for modified contract coverage if this proposal is expected to result in the award of a CAS-covered contract of $50 million or more or if, during its current cost accounting period, the offeror has been awarded a single CAS-covered prime contract or subcontract of $50 million or more.
                                    III. Additional Cost Accounting Standards Applicable to Existing Contracts
                                    The offeror shall indicate below whether award of the contemplated contract would, in accordance with subparagraph (a)(3) of the Cost Accounting Standards clause, require a change in established cost accounting practices affecting existing contracts and subcontracts.
                                    □ Yes □ No
                                 (End of provision)
         *Alternate I* (OCT 1994). Insert the following subparagraph (5) at the end of Part I of the basic clause:
                                    □ (5) Certificate of Disclosure Statement Due Date by Educational Institution. If the offeror is an educational institution that, under the transition provisions of  9903.202-1(f), is or will be required to submit a Disclosure Statement after receipt of this award, the offeror hereby certifies that (check one and complete):
                                    □ (a) A Disclosure Statement filing Due Date of ______ has been established with the cognizant Federal agency.
                                    □ (b) The Disclosure Statement will be submitted within the six month period ending ______ months after receipt of this award.
                                    Name and Address of Cognizant ACO or Federal Official where Disclosure Statement is to be filed:
                                    
                                 (End of Alternate I)9903.201-4 Contract clauses.
      (a) *Cost Accounting Standards.*
         (1) 
			The contracting officer shall insert the clause set forth below, Cost Accounting Standards, in negotiated contracts, unless the contract is exempted (see  9903.201-1), the contract is subject to modified coverage (see  9903.201-2), or the clause prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section is used.
         (2) The clause below requires the contractor to comply with all CAS specified in part 9904, to disclose actual cost accounting practices (applicable to CAS-covered contracts only), and to follow disclosed and established cost accounting practices consistently.
                                    Cost Accounting Standards (JUL 2011)
                                    (a) Unless the contract is exempt under  9903.201-1 and  9903.201-2, the provisions of 9903 are incorporated herein by reference and the Contractor in connection with this contract, shall -
                                    (1) (CAS-covered Contracts Only) By submission of a Disclosure Statement, disclosed in writing the Contractor's cost accounting practices as required by  9903.202-1 through  9903.202-5 including methods of distinguishing direct costs from indirect costs and the basis used for allocating indirect costs. The practices disclosed for this contract shall be the same as the practices currently disclosed and applied on all other contracts and subcontracts being performed by the Contractor and which contain a Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) clause. If the Contractor has notified the Contracting Officer that the Disclosure Statement contains trade secrets, and commercial or financial information which is privileged and confidential, the Disclosure Statement shall be protected and shall not be released outside of the Government.
                                    (2) Follow consistently the Contractor's cost accounting practices in accumulating and reporting contract performance cost data concerning this contract. If any change in cost accounting practices is made for the purposes of any contract or subcontract subject to CAS requirements, the change must be applied prospectively to this contract and the Disclosure Statement must be amended accordingly. If the contract price or cost allowance of this contract is affected by such changes, adjustment shall be made in accordance with subparagraph (a)(4) or (a)(5) of this clause, as appropriate.
                                    (3) Comply with all CAS, including any modifications and interpretations indicated thereto contained in part 9904, in effect on the date of award of this contract or, if the Contractor has submitted cost or pricing data, on the date of final agreement on price as shown on the Contractor's signed certificate of current cost or pricing data. The Contractor shall also comply with any CAS (or modifications to CAS) which hereafter become applicable to a contract or subcontract of the Contractor. Such compliance shall be required prospectively from the date of applicability of such contract or subcontract.
                                    (4)
         (i) 
			Agree to an equitable adjustment as provided in the Changes clause of this contract if the contract cost is affected by a change which, pursuant to subparagraph (a)(3) of this clause, the Contractor is required to make to the Contractor's established cost accounting practices.
                                    (ii) Negotiate with the Contracting Officer to determine the terms and conditions under which a change may be made to a cost accounting practice, other than a change made under other provisions of subparagraph (a)(4) of this clause; provided that no agreement may be made under this provision that will increase costs paid by the United States.
                                    (iii) When the parties agree to a change to a cost accounting practice, other than a change under subdivision (a)(4)(i) of this clause, negotiate an equitable adjustment as provided in the Changes clause of this contract.
                                    (5) Agree to an adjustment of the contract price or cost allowance, as appropriate, if the Contractor or a subcontractor fails to comply with an applicable Cost Accounting Standard, or to follow any cost accounting practice consistently and such failure results in any increased costs paid by the United States. Such adjustment shall provide for recovery of the increased costs to the United States, together with interest thereon computed at the annual rate established under section 6621(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 6621(a)(2)) for such period, from the time the payment by the United States was made to the time the adjustment is effected. In no case shall the Government recover costs greater than the increased cost to the Government, in the aggregate, on the relevant contracts subject to the price adjustment, unless the Contractor made a change in its cost accounting practices of which it was aware or should have been aware at the time of price negotiations and which it failed to disclose to the Government.
                                    (b) If the parties fail to agree whether the Contractor or a subcontractor has complied with an applicable CAS in part 9904 or a CAS rule or regulation in part 9903 and as to any cost adjustment demanded by the United States, such failure to agree will constitute a dispute under the Contract Disputes Act (41 U.S.C. 601).
                                    (c) The Contractor shall permit any authorized representatives of the Government to examine and make copies of any documents, papers, or records relating to compliance with the requirements of this clause.
                                    (d) The contractor shall include in all negotiated subcontracts which the Contractor enters into, the substance of this clause, except paragraph (b), and shall require such inclusion in all other subcontracts, of any tier, including the obligation to comply with all CAS in effect on the subcontractor's award date or if the subcontractor has submitted cost or pricing data, on the date of final agreement on price as shown on the subcontractor's signed Certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data. If the subcontract is awarded to a business unit which pursuant to  9903.201-2 is subject to other types of CAS coverage, the substance of the applicable clause set forth in  9903.201-4 shall be inserted. This requirement shall apply only to negotiated subcontracts in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), except that the requirement shall not apply to negotiated subcontracts otherwise exempt from the requirement to include a CAS clause as specified in  9903.201-1.
                                 (End of clause)
         (b) [Reserved]
         (c) *Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices.*
         (1) 
			The contracting officer shall insert the clause set forth below, Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices, in negotiated contracts when the contract amount is over the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), but less than $50 million, and the offeror certifies it is eligible for and elects to use modified CAS coverage (*see* 
             9903.201-2, unless the clause prescribed in paragraph (d) of this subsection is used).
         (2) The clause below requires the contractor to comply with CAS  9904.401,  9904.402,  9904.405, and  9904.406, to disclose (if it meets certain requirements) actual cost accounting practices, and to follow consistently disclosed and established cost accounting practices.
                                    Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices (JUL 2011)
                                    (a) The Contractor, in connection with this contract, shall -
                                    (1) Comply with the requirements of  9904.401, Consistency in Estimating, Accumulating, and Reporting Costs;  9904.402, Consistency in Allocating Costs Incurred for the Same Purpose;  9904.405, Accounting for Unallowable Costs; and  9904.406, Cost Accounting Standard - Cost Accounting Period, in effect on the date of award of this contract, as indicated in part 9904.
                                    (2) (CAS-covered Contracts Only) If it is a business unit of a company required to submit a Disclosure Statement, disclose in writing its cost accounting practices as required by  9903.202-1 through  9903.202-5. If the Contractor has notified the Contracting Officer that the Disclosure Statement contains trade secrets and commercial or financial information which is privileged and confidential, the Disclosure Statement shall be protected and shall not be released outside of the Government.
                                    (3)
         (i) 
			Follow consistently the Contractor's cost accounting practices. A change to such practices may be proposed, however, by either the Government or the Contractor, and the Contractor agrees to negotiate with the Contracting Officer the terms and conditions under which a change may be made. After the terms and conditions under which the change is to be made have been agreed to, the change must be applied prospectively to this contract, and the Disclosure Statement, if affected, must be amended accordingly.
                                    (ii) The Contractor shall, when the parties agree to a change to a cost accounting practice and the Contracting Officer has made the finding required in  9903.201-6(c) that the change is desirable and not detrimental to the interests of the Government, negotiate an equitable adjustment as provided in the Changes clause of this contract. In the absence of the required finding, no agreement may be made under this contract clause that will increase costs paid by the United States.
                                    (4) Agree to an adjustment of the contract price or cost allowance, as appropriate, if the Contractor or a subcontractor fails to comply with the applicable CAS or to follow any cost accounting practice, and such failure results in any increased costs paid by the United States. Such adjustment shall provide for recovery of the increased costs to the United States, together with interest thereon computed at the annual rate established under section 6621(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 6621(a)(2)) for such period, from the time the payment by the United States was made to the time the adjustment is effected.
                                    (b) If the parties fail to agree whether the Contractor has complied with an applicable CAS rule, or regulation as specified in parts 9903 and 9904 and as to any cost adjustment demanded by the United States, such failure to agree will constitute a dispute under the Contract Disputes Act (41 U.S.C. 601).
                                    (c) The Contractor shall permit any authorized representatives of the Government to examine and make copies of any documents, papers, and records relating to compliance with the requirements of this clause.
                                    (d) The Contractor shall include in all negotiated subcontracts, which the Contractor enters into, the substance of this clause, except paragraph (b), and shall require such inclusion in all other subcontracts of any tier, except that -
                                    (1) If the subcontract is awarded to a business unit which pursuant to  9903.201-2 is subject to other types of CAS coverage, the substance of the applicable clause set forth in  9903.201-4 shall be inserted.
                                    (2) This requirement shall apply only to negotiated subcontracts in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)).
                                    (3) The requirement shall not apply to negotiated subcontracts otherwise exempt from the requirement to include a CAS clause as specified in  9903.201-1.
                                 (End of clause)
         (d) [Reserved]
         (e) *Cost Accounting Standards - Educational Institutions.*
         (1) 
			The contracting officer shall insert the clause set forth below, Cost Accounting Standards - Educational Institution, in negotiated contracts awarded to educational institutions, unless the contract is exempted (see  9903.201-1), the contract is to be performed by an FFRDC (see  9903.201-2(c)(5)), or the provision at  9903.201-2(c)(6) applies.
         (2) The clause below requires the educational institution to comply with all CAS specified in part 9905, to disclose actual cost accounting practices as required by  9903.202-1(f), and to follow disclosed and established cost accounting practices consistently.
                                    Cost Accounting Standards - Educational Institutions (JUL 2011)
                                    (a) Unless the contract is exempt under  9903.201-1 and  9903.201-2, the provisions of part 9903 are incorporated herein by reference and the Contractor in connection with this contract, shall -
                                    (1) (CAS-covered Contracts Only) If a business unit of an educational institution required to submit a Disclosure Statement, disclose in writing the Contractor's cost accounting practices as required by  9903.202-1 through  9903.202-5 including methods of distinguishing direct costs from indirect costs and the basis used for accumulating and allocating indirect costs. The practices disclosed for this contract shall be the same as the practices currently disclosed and applied on all other contracts and subcontracts being performed by the Contractor and which contain a Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) clause. If the Contractor has notified the Contracting Officer that the Disclosure Statement contains trade secrets, and commercial or financial information which is privileged and confidential, the Disclosure Statement shall be protected and shall not be released outside of the Government.
                                    (2) Follow consistently the Contractor's cost accounting practices in accumulating and reporting contract performance cost data concerning this contract. If any change in cost accounting practices is made for the purposes of any contract or subcontract subject to CAS requirements, the change must be applied prospectively to this contract and the Disclosure Statement, if required, must be amended accordingly. If an accounting principle change mandated under Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-21, Cost Principles for Educational Institutions, requires that a change in the Contractor's cost accounting practices be made after the date of this contract award, the change must be applied prospectively to this contract and the Disclosure Statement, if required, must be amended accordingly. If the contract price or cost allowance of this contract is affected by such changes, adjustment shall be made in accordance with subparagraph (a)(4) or (a)(5) of this clause, as appropriate.
                                    (3) Comply with all CAS, including any modifications and interpretations indicated thereto contained in 48 CFR part 9905, in effect on the date of award of this contract or, if the Contractor has submitted cost or pricing data, on the date of final agreement on price as shown on the Contractor's signed certificate of current cost or pricing data. The Contractor shall also comply with any CAS (or modifications to CAS) which hereafter become applicable to a contract or subcontract of the Contractor. Such compliance shall be required prospectively from the date of applicability to such contract or subcontract.
                                    (4)
         (i) 
			Agree to an equitable adjustment as provided in the Changes clause of this contract if the contract cost is affected by a change which, pursuant to subparagraph (a)(3) of this clause, the Contractor is required to make to the Contractor's established cost accounting practices.
                                    (ii) Negotiate with the Contracting Officer to determine the terms and conditions under which a change may be made to a cost accounting practice, other than a change made under other provisions of subparagraph (a)(4) of this clause; provided that no agreement may be made under this provision that will increase costs paid by the United States.
                                    (iii) When the parties agree to a change to a cost accounting practice, other than a change under subdivision (a)(4)(i) or (a)(4)(iv) of this clause, negotiate an equitable adjustment as provided in the Changes clause of this contract.
                                    (iv) Agree to an equitable adjustment as provided in the Changes clause of this contract, if the contract cost is materially affected by an OMB Circular A-21 accounting principle amendment which, on becoming effective after the date of contract award, requires the Contractor to make a change to the Contractor's established cost accounting practices.
                                    (5) Agree to an adjustment of the contract price or cost allowance, as appropriate, if the Contractor or a subcontractor fails to comply with an applicable Cost Accounting Standard, or to follow any cost accounting practice consistently and such failure results in any increased costs paid by the United States. Such adjustment shall provide for recovery of the increased costs to the United States, together with interest thereon computed at the annual rate established under section 6621(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 6621(a)(2)) for such period, from the time the payment by the United States was made to the time the adjustment is effected. In no case shall the Government recover costs greater than the increased cost to the Government, in the aggregate, on the relevant contracts subject to the price adjustment, unless the Contractor made a change in its cost accounting practices of which it was aware or should have been aware at the time of price negotiations and which it failed to disclose to the Government.
                                    (b) If the parties fail to agree whether the Contractor or a subcontractor has complied with an applicable CAS or a CAS rule or regulation in 9903 and as to any cost adjustment demanded by the United States, such failure to agree will constitute a dispute under the Contract Disputes Act (41 U.S.C. 601).
                                    (c) The Contractor shall permit any authorized representatives of the Government to examine and make copies of any documents, papers, or records relating to compliance with the requirements of this clause.
                                    (d) The Contractor shall include in all negotiated subcontracts which the Contractor enters into, the substance of this clause, except paragraph (b), and shall require such inclusion in all other subcontracts, of any tier, including the obligation to comply with all applicable CAS in effect on the subcontractor's award date or if the subcontractor has submitted cost or pricing data, on the date of final agreement on price as shown on the subcontractor's signed Certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data, except that -
                                    (1) If the subcontract is awarded to a business unit which pursuant to  9903.201-2 is subject to other types of CAS coverage, the substance of the applicable clause set forth in  9903.201-4 shall be inserted; and
                                    (2) This requirement shall apply only to negotiated subcontracts in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C 1502(b)(1)B)).
                                    (3) The requirement shall not apply to negotiated subcontracts otherwise exempt from the requirement to include a CAS clause as specified in  9903.201-1.
                                 (End of clause)
         (f) *Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices - Foreign Concerns.*
         (1) 
			The contracting officer shall insert the clause set forth below, Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices - Foreign Concerns, in negotiated contracts when the contract is with a foreign concern and the contract is not otherwise exempt under  9903.201-1 (see  9903.201-2(e)).
         (2) The clause below requires the contractor to comply with  9904.401 and  9904.402, to disclose (if it meets certain requirements) actual cost accounting practices, and to follow consistently disclosed and established cost accounting practices.
                                    Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices - Foreign Concerns (JUL 2011)
                                    (a) The Contractor, in connection with this contract, shall -
                                    (1) Comply with the requirements of  9904.401, Consistency in Estimating, Accumulating, and Reporting Costs; and  9904.402, Consistency in Allocating Costs Incurred for the Same Purpose, in effect on the date of award of this contract, as indicated in part 9904.
                                    (2) (CAS-covered Contracts Only) If it is a business unit of a company required to submit a Disclosure Statement, disclose in writing its cost accounting practices as required by  9903.202-1 through  9903.202-5. If the Contractor has notified the Contracting Officer that the Disclosure Statement contains trade secrets and commercial or financial information which is privileged and confidential, the Disclosure Statement shall be protected and shall not be released outside of the Government.
                                    (3)
         (i) 
			Follow consistently the Contractor's cost accounting practices. A change to such practices may be proposed, however, by either the Government or the Contractor, and the Contractor agrees to negotiate with the Contracting Officer the terms and conditions under which a change may be made. After the terms and conditions under which the change is to be made have been agreed to, the change must be applied prospectively to this contract, and the Disclosure Statement, if affected, must be amended accordingly.
                                    (ii) The Contractor shall, when the parties agree to a change to a cost accounting practice and the Contracting Officer has made the finding required in  9903.201-6(c) that the change is desirable and not detrimental to the interests of the Government, negotiate an equitable adjustment as provided in the Changes clause of this contract. In the absence of the required finding, no agreement may be made under this contract clause that will increase costs paid by the United States.
                                    (4) Agree to an adjustment of the contract price or cost allowance, as appropriate, if the Contractor or a subcontractor fails to comply with the applicable CAS or to follow any cost accounting practice, and such failure results in any increased costs paid by the United States. Such adjustment shall provide for recovery of the increased costs to the United States, together with interest thereon computed at the annual rate established under section 6621(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 6621(a)(2)) for such period, from the time the payment by the United States was made to the time the adjustment is effected.
                                    (b) If the parties fail to agree whether the Contractor has complied with an applicable CAS rule, or regulation as specified in parts 9903 and 9904 and as to any cost adjustment demanded by the United States, such failure to agree will constitute a dispute under the Contract Disputes Act (41 U.S.C. 601).
                                    (c) The Contractor shall permit any authorized representatives of the Government to examine and make copies of any documents, papers, and records relating to compliance with the requirements of this clause.
                                    (d) The Contractor shall include in all negotiated subcontracts, which the Contractor enters into, the substance of this clause, except paragraph (b), and shall require such inclusion in all other subcontracts of any tier, except that -
                                    (1) If the subcontract is awarded to a business unit which pursuant to  9903.201-2 is subject to other types of CAS coverage, the substance of the applicable clause set forth in  9903.201-4 shall be inserted.
                                    (2) This requirement shall apply only to negotiated subcontracts in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)
                                    (3) The requirement shall not apply to negotiated subcontracts otherwise exempt from the requirement to include a CAS clause as specified in  9903.201-1.
                                 (End of clause)9903.201-5 Waiver.
      (a) The head of an executive agency may waive the applicability of the Cost Accounting Standards for a contract or subcontract with a value of less than $15 million, if that official determines, in writing, that the business unit of the contractor or subcontractor that will perform the work -
         (1) Is primarily engaged in the sale of commercial items; and
         (2) Would not otherwise be subject to the Cost Accounting Standards under this Chapter.
         (b) The head of an executive agency may waive the applicability of the Cost Accounting Standards for a contract or subcontract under exceptional circumstances when necessary to meet the needs of the agency. A determination to waive the applicability of the Cost Accounting Standards by the agency head shall be set forth in writing, and shall include a statement of the circumstances justifying the waiver.
         (c) The head of an executive agency may not delegate the authority under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, to any official below the senior policymaking level in the agency.
         (d) The head of each executive agency shall report the waivers granted under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, for that agency, to the Cost Accounting Standards Board, on an annual basis, not later than 90 days after the close of the Government's fiscal year.
         (e) Upon request of an agency head or his designee, the Cost Accounting Standards Board may waive all or any part of the requirements of  9903.201-4(a), Cost Accounting Standards, or  9903.201-4(c), Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices, with respect to a contract subject to the Cost Accounting Standards. Any request for a waiver shall describe the proposed contract or subcontract for which the waiver is sought and shall contain -
         (1) An unequivocal statement that the proposed contractor or subcontractor refuses to accept a contract containing all or a specified part of a CAS clause and the specific reason for that refusal;
         (2) A statement as to whether the proposed contractor or subcontractor has accepted any prime contract or subcontract containing a CAS clause;
         (3) The amount of the proposed award and the sum of all awards by the agency requesting the waiver to the proposed contractor or subcontractor in each of the preceding 3 years;
         (4) A statement that no other source is available to satisfy the agency's needs on a timely basis;
         (5) A statement of alternative methods considered for fulfilling the need and the agency's reasons for rejecting them;
         (6) A statement of steps being taken by the agency to establish other sources of supply for future contracts for the products or services for which a waiver is being requested; and
         (7) Any other information that may be useful in evaluating the request.
         (f) Except as provided by the Cost Accounting Standards Board, the authority in paragraph (e) of this section shall not be delegated.9903.201-6 Findings.
      (a) *Required change* -
         (1) 
			*Finding.* Prior to making any equitable adjustment under the provisions of paragraph (a)(4)(i) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(a) or  9903.201-4(e), or paragraph (a)(3)(i) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(c), the Contracting Officer shall make a finding that the practice change was required to comply with a CAS, modification or interpretation thereof, that subsequently became applicable to the contract; or, for planned changes being made in order to remain CAS compliant, that the former practice was in compliance with applicable CAS and the planned change is necessary for the contractor to remain in compliance.
         (2) *Required change* means a change in cost accounting practice that a contractor is required to make in order to comply with applicable Standards, modifications, or interpretations thereto, that subsequently become applicable to an existing CAS-covered contract due to the receipt of another CAS-covered contract or subcontract. It also includes a prospective change to a disclosed or established cost accounting practice when the cognizant Federal agency official determines that the former practice was in compliance with applicable CAS and the change is necessary for the contractor to remain in compliance.
         (b) *Unilateral change* -
         (1) 
			*Findings.* Prior to making any contract price or cost adjustment(s) under the change provisions of paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(a) or  9903.201-4(e), or paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(c), the Contracting Officer shall make a finding that the contemplated contract price and cost adjustments will protect the United States from payment of increased costs, in the aggregate; and that the net effect of the adjustments being made does not result in the recovery of more than the estimated amount of such increased costs.
         (2) *Unilateral change by a contractor* means a change in cost accounting practice from one compliant practice to another compliant practice that a contractor with a CAS-covered contract(s) elects to make that has not been deemed desirable by the cognizant Federal agency official and for which the Government will pay no aggregate increased costs.
         (3) *Action to preclude the payment of aggregate increased costs by the Government.* In the absence of a finding pursuant to paragraph (c) of this subsection that a compliant change is desirable, no agreement may be made with regard to a change to a cost accounting practice that will result in the payment of aggregate increased costs by the United States. For these changes, the cognizant Federal agency official shall limit upward contract price adjustments to affected contracts to the amount of downward contract price adjustments of other affected contracts, i.e., no net upward contract price adjustment shall be permitted.
         (c) *Desirable change* -
         (1) 
			*Finding.* Prior to making any equitable adjustment under the provisions of paragraph (a)(4)(iii) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(a) or  9903.201-4(e), or paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(c), the cognizant Federal agency official shall make a finding that the change to a cost accounting practice is desirable and not detrimental to the interests of the Government.
         (2) *Desirable change* means a compliant change to a contractor's established or disclosed cost accounting practices that the cognizant Federal agency official finds is desirable and not detrimental to the Government and is therefore not subject to the no increased cost prohibition provisions of CAS-covered contracts affected by the change. The cognizant Federal agency official's finding need not be based solely on the cost impact that a proposed practice change will have on a contractor's or subcontractor's current CAS-covered contracts. The change to a cost accounting practice may be determined to be desirable even though existing contract prices and/or cost allowances may increase. The determination that the change to a cost accounting practice is desirable, should be made on a case-by-case basis.
         (3) Once a determination has been made that a compliant change to a cost accounting practice is a desirable change, associated management actions that also have an impact on contract costs should be considered when negotiating contract price or cost adjustments that may be needed to equitably resolve the overall cost impact of the aggregated actions.
         (4) Until the cognizant Federal agency official has determined that a change to a cost accounting practice is deemed to be a desirable change, the change shall be considered to be a change for which the Government will not pay increased costs, in the aggregate.
         (d) *Noncompliant cost accounting practices* -
         (1) 
			*Findings.* Prior to making any contract price or cost adjustment(s) under the provisions of paragraph (a)(5) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(a) or  9903.201-4(e), or paragraph (a)(4) of the contract clause set forth in  9903.201-4(c), the Contracting Officer shall make a finding that the contemplated contract price and cost adjustments will protect the United States from payment of increased costs, in the aggregate; and that the net effect of the adjustments being made does not result in the recovery of more than the estimated amount of such increased costs. While individual contract prices, including cost ceilings or target costs, as applicable, may be increased as well as decreased to resolve an estimating noncompliance, the aggregate value of all contracts affected by the estimating noncompliance shall not be increased.9903.201-7 Cognizant Federal agency responsibilities.
      (a) The requirements of part 9903 shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be administered by the cognizant Federal agency responsible for a particular contractor organization or location, usually the Federal agency responsible for negotiating indirect cost rates on behalf of the Government. The cognizant Federal agency should take the lead role in administering the requirements of part 9903 and coordinating CAS administrative actions with all affected Federal agencies. When multiple CAS-covered contracts or more than one Federal agency are involved, agencies should discourage Contracting Officers from individually administering CAS on a contract-by-contract basis. Coordinated administrative actions will provide greater assurances that individual contractors follow their cost accounting practices consistently under all their CAS-covered contracts and that changes in cost accounting practices or CAS noncompliance issues are resolved, equitably, in a uniform overall manner.
         (b) Federal agencies shall prescribe regulations and establish internal policies and procedures governing how agencies will administer the requirements of CAS-covered contracts, with particular emphasis on inter-agency coordination activities. Procedures to be followed when an agency is and is not the cognizant Federal agency should be clearly delineated. Internal agency policies and procedures shall provide for the designation of the agency office(s) or officials responsible for administering CAS under the agency's CAS-covered contracts at each contractor business unit and the delegation of necessary contracting authority to agency individuals authorized to administer the terms and conditions of CAS-covered contracts, e.g., Administrative Contracting Officers (ACOs) or other agency officials authorized to perform in that capacity. Agencies are urged to coordinate on the development of such regulations.9903.201-8 Compliant accounting changes due to external restructuring activities.
      The contract price and cost adjustment requirements of this part 9903 are not applicable to compliant cost accounting practice changes directly associated with external restructuring activities that are subject to and meet the requirements of 10 U.S.C. 2325.9903.202 Disclosure requirements.9903.202-1 General requirements.
      (a) A Disclosure Statement is a written description of a contractor's cost accounting practices and procedures. The submission of a new or revised Disclosure Statement is not required for any non-CAS-covered contract or from any small business concern.
         (b) Completed Disclosure Statements are required in the following circumstances:
         (1) Any business unit that is selected to receive a CAS-covered contract or subcontract of $50 million or more shall submit a Disclosure Statement before award.
         (2) Any company which, together with its segments, received net awards of negotiated prime contracts and subcontracts subject to CAS totaling $50 million or more in its most recent cost accounting period, must submit a Disclosure Statement before award of its first CAS-covered contract in the immediately following cost accounting period. However, if the first CAS-covered contract is received within 90 days of the start of the cost accounting period, the contractor is not required to file until the end of 90 days.
         (c) When a Disclosure Statement is required, a separate Disclosure Statement must be submitted for each segment whose costs included in the total price of any CAS-covered contract or subcontract exceed the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)) unless
         
         (i) 
			The contract or subcontract is of the type or value exempted by  9903.201-1 or
         (ii) In the most recently completed cost accounting period the segment's CAS-covered awards are less than 30 percent of total segment sales for the period and less than $10 million.
         (d) Each corporate or other home office that allocates costs to one or more disclosing segments performing CAS-covered contracts must submit a Part VIII of the Disclosure Statement.
         (e) Foreign contractors and subcontractors who are required to submit a Disclosure Statement may, in lieu of filing a Form No CASB-DS-1, make disclosure by using a disclosure form prescribed by an agency of its Government, provided that the Cost Accounting Standards Board determines that the information disclosed by that means will satisfy the objectives of Public Law 100-679. The use of alternative forms has been approved for the contractors of the following countries:
         (1) Canada.
         (2) Federal Republic of Germany.
         (3) United Kingdom.
         (f) *Educational institutions - disclosure requirements.*
         (1) 
			Educational institutions receiving contracts subject to the CAS specified in part 9905 are subject to the requirements of  9903.202, except that completed Disclosure Statements are required in the following circumstances.
         (2) *Basic requirement.* For CAS-covered contracts placed on or after January 1, 1996, completed Disclosure Statements are required as follows:
         (i) Any business unit of an educational institution that is selected to receive a CAS-covered contract or subcontract in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), and is part of a college or university location listed in Exhibit A of Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-21 shall submit a Disclosure Statement before award. A Disclosure Statement is not required; however, if the listed entity can demonstrate that the net amount of Federal contract and financial assistance awards received during its immediately preceding cost accounting period was less than $25 million.
         (ii) Any business unit that is selected to receive a CAS-covered contract or subcontract of $25 million or more shall submit a Disclosure Statement before award.
         (iii) Any educational institution which, together with its segments, received net awards of negotiated prime contracts and subcontracts subject to CAS totaling $25 million or more in its most recent cost accounting period, of which, at least one award exceeded $1 million, must submit a Disclosure Statement before award of its first CAS-covered contract in the immediately following cost accounting period. However, if the first CAS-covered contract is received within 90 days of the start of the cost accounting period, the institution is not required to file until the end of 90 days.
         (3) *Transition period requirement.* For CAS-covered contracts placed on or before December 31, 1995, completed Disclosure Statements are required as follows:
         (i) For business units that are selected to receive a CAS-covered contract or subcontract in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), and are part of the first 20 college or university locations (*i.e.,* numbers 1 through 20) listed in Exhibit A of OMB Circular A-21, Disclosure Statements shall be submitted within six months after the date of contract award.
         (ii) For business units that are selected to receive a CAS-covered contract or subcontract in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), and are part of a college or university location that is listed as one of the institutions numbered 21 through 50, in Exhibit A of OMB Circular A-21, Disclosure Statements shall be submitted during the six month period ending twelve months after the date of contract award.
         (iii) For business units that are selected to receive a CAS-covered contract or subcontract in excess of the Truth in Negotiations Act (TINA) threshold, as adjusted for inflation (41 U.S.C. 1908 and 41 U.S.C. 1502(b)(1)(B)), and are part of a college or university location that is listed as one of the institutions numbered 51 through 99, in Exhibit A of OMB Circular A-21, Disclosure Statements shall be submitted during the six month period ending eighteen months after the date of contract award.
         (iv) For any other business unit that is selected to receive a CAS-covered contract or subcontract of $25 million or more, a Disclosure Statement shall be submitted within six months after the date of contract award.
         (4) *Transition period due dates.* The educational institution and cognizant Federal agency should establish a specific due date within the periods prescribed in  9903.202-1(f)(3) when a Disclosure Statement is required under a CAS-covered contract placed on or before December 31, 1995.
         (5) *Transition period waiver authority.* For a CAS-covered contract to be awarded during the period January 1, 1996, through June 30, 1997, the awarding agency may waive the preaward Disclosure Statement submission requirement specified in  9903.202-1(f)(2) when a due date for the submission of a Disclosure Statement has previously been established by the cognizant Federal agency and the educational institution under the provisions of  9903.202-1(f) (3) and (4).
                                    Caution: This waiver authority is not available unless the cognizant Federal agency and the educational institution have established a disclosure statement due date pursuant to a written agreement executed prior to January 1, 1996, and award is made prior to the established disclosure statement due date.9903.202-2 Impracticality of submission.
      The agency head may determine that it is impractical to secure the Disclosure Statement, although submission is required, and authorize contract award without obtaining the Statement. He shall, within 30 days of having done so, submit a report to the Cost Accounting Standards Board setting forth all material facts. This authority may not be delegated.9903.202-3 Amendments and revisions.
      Contractors and subcontractors are responsible for maintaining accurate Disclosure Statements and complying with disclosed practices. Amendments and revisions to Disclosure Statements may be submitted at any time and may be proposed by either the contractor or the Government. Resubmission of complete, updated, Disclosure Statements is discouraged except when extensive changes require it to assist the review process.9903.202-4 Privileged and confidential information.
      If the offeror or contractor notifies the contracting officer that the Disclosure Statement contains trade secrets and commercial or financial information, which is privileged and confidential, the Disclosure Statement shall be protected and shall not be released outside the Government.9903.202-5 Filing Disclosure Statements.
      (a) Disclosure must be on Form Number CASB DS-1 or CASB DS-2, as applicable. Forms may be obtained from the cognizant Federal agency (cognizant ACO or cognizant Federal agency official authorized to act in that capacity) or from the looseleaf version of the Federal Acquisition Regulation. When requested in advance by a contractor, the cognizant Federal agency may authorize contractor disclosure based on computer generated reproductions of the applicable Disclosure Statement Form.
         (b) Offerors are required to file Disclosure Statements as follows:
         (1) Original and one copy with the cognizant ACO or cognizant Federal agency official acting in that capacity, as applicable; and
         (2) One copy with the cognizant Federal auditor.
         (c) Amendments and revisions shall be submitted to the ACO or agency official acting in that capacity, as applicable, and the Federal auditor of the currently cognizant Federal agency.9903.202-6 Adequacy of Disclosure Statement.
      Federal agencies shall prescribe regulations and establish internal procedures by which each will promptly determine on behalf of the Government, when serving as the cognizant Federal agency for a particular contractor location, that a Disclosure Statement has adequately disclosed the practices required to be disclosed by the Cost Accounting Standards Board's rules, regulations and Standards. The determination of adequacy shall be distributed to all affected agencies. Agencies are urged to coordinate on the development of such regulations.9903.202-7 [Reserved]9903.202-8 Subcontractor Disclosure Statements.
      (a) The contractor or higher tier subcontractor is responsible for administering the CAS requirements contained in subcontracts.
         (b) If the subcontractor has previously furnished a Disclosure Statement to an ACO, the subcontractor may satisfy the submission requirement by identifying to the contractor or higher tier subcontractor the ACO to whom it was submitted.
         (c)
         (1) 
			If the subcontractor considers the Disclosure Statement (or other similar information) privileged or confidential, the subcontractor may submit it directly to the ACO and auditor cognizant of the subcontractor, notifying the contractor or higher tier subcontractor. A preaward determination of adequacy is not required in such cases. Instead, the ACO cognizant of the subcontractor shall
         (i) Notify the auditor that the adequacy review will be performed during the postaward compliance review and, upon completion,
         (ii) Notify the subcontractor, the contractor or higher tier subcontractor, and the cognizant ACOs of the findings.
         (2) Even though a Disclosure Statement is not required, a subcontractor may
         (i) Claim that CAS-related reviews by contractors or higher tier subcontractors would reveal proprietary data or jeopardize the subcontractor's competitive position and
         (ii) Request that the Government perform the required reviews.
         (d) When the Government requires determinations of adequacy or inadequacy, the ACO cognizant of the subcontractor shall make such recommendation to the ACO cognizant of the prime contractor or next higher tier subcontractor. ACOs cognizant of higher tier subcontractors or prime contractors shall not reverse the determination of the ACO cognizant of the subcontractor.9903.202-9 Illustration of Disclosure Statement Form, CASB-DS-1.
      The data which are required to be disclosed are set forth in detail in the Disclosure Statement Form, CASB-DS-1, which is illustrated below:
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      The data which are required to be disclosed by educational institutions are set forth in detail in the Disclosure Statement Form, CASB DS-2, which is illustrated below:
         Image 861Image 862Image 863Image 864Image 865Image 866Image 867Image 868Image 869Image 870Image 871Image 872Image 873Image 874Image 875Image 876Image 877Image 878Image 879Image 880Image 881Image 882Image 883Image 884Image 885Image 886Image 887Image 888Image 889Image 890Image 891Image 892Image 893Image 894Image 895Image 896Image 897Image 898Image 899Image 900Image 901Image 902Image 903Image 904Image 905Image 906Image 907Image 908Image 909Image 910Image 911Image 912Image 913Image 914Image 915Image 916Image 917Image 918Image 919Image 920Image 921Image 922Image 923Image 924Image 925Image 926Image 927Image 928Image 929Image 930Image 931Image 932Image 933Image 934Image 935Image 936Image 937Image 938Image 939Image 940Image 941Image 942Image 943Image 944Image 945Image 946Image 947Image 948Image 949Image 950Image 951Image 952Image 953Image 954Image 955Image 956Image 957Image 958Image 959Image 960Image 961Image 962Image 963Image 964Image 965Image 966Image 967Image 968Image 969Image 970Image 971Image 972Image 973Image 974Image 975Image 976Image 977Image 978Image 979Image 980Image 981Image 982Image 983Image 984Image 985Image 986Image 987Image 988Image 989Image 990Image 991Image 992Image 993Image 994Image 995Image 996Image 997Image 998Image 999Image 1000Image 1001Image 1002Image 1003Image 1004Image 1005Image 1006Image 1007Image 1008Image 1009Image 1010Image 1011Image 1012Image 1013Image 1014Image 1015Image 1016Image 1017Image 1018Image 1019Image 1020Image 1021Image 1022Image 1023Image 1024Image 1025Image 1026Image 1027Image 1028Image 1029Image 1030Image 1031Image 1032Image 1033Image 1034Image 1035Image 1036Image 1037Image 1038Image 1039Image 1040Image 1041Image 1042Image 1043Image 1044Image 1045Image 1046Image 1047Image 1048Image 1049Image 1050Image 1051Image 1052Image 1053Image 1054Image 1055Image 1056Image 1057Image 1058Image 1059Image 1060Image 1061Image 1062Image 1063Image 1064Image 1065Image 1066Image 1067Image 1068Image 1069Image 1070Image 1071Image 1072Image 1073Image 1074Image 1075Image 1076Image 1077Image 1078Image 1079Image 1080Image 1081Image 1082Image 1083Image 1084Image 1085Image 1086Image 1087Image 1088Image 1089Image 1090Image 1091Image 1092Image 1093Image 1094Image 1095Image 1096Image 1097Image 1098Image 1099Image 1100Image 1101Image 1102Image 1103Image 1104Image 1105Image 1106Image 1107Image 1108Image 1109Image 1110Image 1111Image 1112Image 1113Image 1114Image 1115Image 1116Image 1117Image 1118Image 1119Image 1120Image 1121Image 1122Image 1123Image 1124Image 1125Image 1126Image 1127Image 1128Image 1129Image 1130Image 1131Image 1132Image 1133Image 1134Image 1135Image 1136Image 1137Image 1138Image 1139Image 1140Image 1141Image 1142Image 1143Image 1144Image 1145Image 1146Image 1147Image 1148Image 1149Image 1150Image 1151Image 1152Image 1153Image 1154Image 1155Image 1156Image 1157Image 1158Image 1159Image 1160Subpart 9903.3 - CAS Rules and Regulations
   9903.301 Definitions.
      (a) The definitions set forth below apply to this chapter 99.
         *Accrued benefit cost method.* See  9904.412-30.
         *Accumulating costs.* See  9904.401-30.
         *Actual cash value.* See  9904.416-30.
         *Actual cost.* See  9904.401-30 for the broader definition and  9904.407-30 for a more restricted definition applicable only to the standard on the use of standard costs for direct material and direct labor.
         *Actuarial assumption.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Actuarial cost method.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Actuarial gain and loss.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Actuarial liability.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Actuarial valuation.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Allocate.* See  9904.402-30,  9904.403-30,  9904.406-30,  9904.410-30,  9904.411-30,  9904.418-30 or  9904.420-30.
         *Asset accountability unit.* See  9904.404-30.
         *Assignment of cost to cost accounting periods.* See  9903.302-1(b).
         *Bid and proposal (B&P) cost.* See  9904.420-30.
         *Business unit.* See  9904.410-30,  9904.411-30 or  9904.414-30.
         *CAS-covered contract,* as used in this part, means any negotiated contract or subcontract in which a CAS clause is required to be included.
         *Category of material.* See  9904.411-30.
         *Change to a cost accounting practice.* See  9903.302-2.
         *Compensated personal absence.* See  9904.408-30.
         *Cost accounting practice.* See  9903.302-1.
         *Cost input.* See  9904.410-30.
         *Cost objective.* See  9904.402-30,  9904.406-30,  9904.410-30 or  9904.411-30.
         *Cost of capital committed to facilities.* See  9904.414-30.
         *Currently performing,* as used in this part, means that a contractor has been awarded a contract, but has not yet received notification of final acceptance of all supplies, services, and data deliverable under the contract (including options).
         *Deferred compensation.* See  9904.415-30.
         *Defined-benefit pension plan.* See  9904.412-30.
         *Defined-contribution pension plan.* See  9904.412-30.
         *Direct cost.* See  9904.402-30 or  9904.418-30.
         *Directly associated cost.* See  9904.405-30.
         *Disclosure statement,* as used in this part, means the Disclosure Statement required by  9903.202-1.
         *Entitlement.* See  9904.408-30.
         *Estimating costs.* See  9904.401-30.
         *Expressly unallowable cost.* See  9904.405-30.
         *Facilities capital.* See  9904.414-30.
         *Final cost objective.* See  9904.402-30 or  9904.410-30.
         *Fiscal year.* See  9904.406-30.
         *Funded pension cost.* See  9904.412-30.
         *Funding agency.* See  9904.412-30.
         *General and administrative (G&A) expense.* See  9904.410-30 or  9904.420-30.
         *Home office.* See  9904.403-30 or  9904.420-30.
         *Immediate-gain actuarial cost method.* See  9904.413-30.
         *Independent research and development (IR&D) cost.* See  9904.420-30.
         *Indirect cost.* See  9904.402-30,  9904.405-30,  9904.418-30 or  9904.420-30.
         *Indirect cost pool.* See  9904.401-30,  9904.402-30,  9904.406-30 or  9904.418-30.
         *Insurance administration expenses.* See  9904.416-30.
         *Intangible capital asset.* See  9904.414-30 or  9904.417-30.
         *Labor cost at standard.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Labor-rate standard.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Labor-time standard.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Material cost at standard.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Material inventory record.* See  9904.411-30.
         *Material-price standard.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Material-quantity standard.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Measurement of cost.* See 9904.302-1(c).
         *Moving average cost.* See  9904.411-30.
         *Multiemployer pension plan.* See  9904.412-30.
         *Negotiated subcontract,* as used in this part, means any subcontract except a firm fixed-price subcontract made by a contractor or subcontractor after receiving offers from at least two persons not associated with each other or with such contractor or subcontractor, providing
         
         (1) 
			The solicitation to all competitors is identical,
         (2) Price is the only consideration in selecting the subcontractor from among the competitors solicited, and
         (3) The lowest offer received in compliance with the solicitation from among those solicited is accepted.
         *Net awards,* as used in this chapter, means the total value of negotiated CAS-covered prime contract and subcontract awards, including the potential value of contract options, received during the reporting period minus cancellations, terminations, and other related credit transactions.
         *Normal cost.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Operating revenue.* See  9904.403-30.
         *Original complement of low cost equipment.* See  9904.404-30.
         *Pay-as-you-go cost method.* See  9904.412-30.
         *Pension plan.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Pension plan participant.* See  9904.413-30.
         *Pricing.* See  9904.401-30.
         *Production unit.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Projected average loss.* See  9904.416-30.
         *Projected benefit cost method.* See  9904.412-30 or  9904.413-30.
         *Proposal.* See  9904.401-30.
         *Repairs and maintenance.* See  9904.404-30.
         *Reporting costs.* See  9904.401-30.
         *Residual value.* See  9904.409-30.
         *Segment.* See  9904.403-30,  9904.410-30,  9904.413-30 or  9904.420-30.
         *Self-insurance.* See  9904.416-30.
         *Self-insurance charge.* See  9904.416-30.
         *Service life.* See  9904.409-30.
         *Small business,* as used in this part, means any concern, firm, person, corporation, partnership, cooperative, or other business enterprise which, under 15 U.S.C. 637(b)(6) and the rules and regulations of the Small Business Administration in part 121 of title 13 of the Code of Federal Regulations, is determined to be a small business concern for the purpose of Government contracting.
         *Spread-gain actuarial cost method.* See  9904.413-30.
         *Standard cost.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Tangible capital asset.* See  9904.403-30,  9904.404-30,  9904.409-30,  9904.414-30 or  9904.417-30.
         *Termination gain or loss.* See  9904.413-30.
         *Unallowable cost.* See  9904.405-30.
         *Variance.* See  9904.407-30.
         *Weighted average cost.* See  9904.411-30.
         (b) The definitions set forth below are applicable exclusively to educational institutions and apply to this chapter 99.
         *Business unit.* See  9903.201-2(c)(2)(ii).
         *Educational institution.* See  9903.201-2(c)(2)(i).
         *Intermediate cost objective.* See  9905.502-30(a)(7).
         *Segment.* See  9903.201-2(c)(2)(ii).9903.302 Definitions, explanations, and illustrations of the terms, “cost accounting practice” and “change to a cost accounting practice.”9903.302-1 Cost accounting practice.
      *Cost accounting practice,* as used in this part, means any disclosed or established accounting method or technique which is used for allocation of cost to cost objectives, assignment of cost to cost accounting periods, or measurement of cost.
         (a) *Measurement of cost,* as used in this part, encompasses accounting methods and techniques used in defining the components of cost, determining the basis for cost measurement, and establishing criteria for use of alternative cost measurement techniques. The determination of the amount paid or a change in the amount paid for a unit of goods and services is not a cost accounting practice. Examples of cost accounting practices which involve measurement of costs are -
         (1) The use of either historical cost, market value, or present value;
         (2) The use of standard cost or actual cost; or
         (3) The designation of those items of cost which must be included or excluded from tangible capital assets or pension cost.
         (b) *Assignment of cost to cost accounting periods,* as used in this part, refers to a method or technique used in determining the amount of cost to be assigned to individual cost accounting periods. Examples of cost accounting practices which involve the assignment of cost to cost accounting periods are requirements for the use of specified accrual basis accounting or cash basis accounting for a cost element.
         (c) *Allocation of cost to cost objectives,* as used in this part, includes both direct and indirect allocation of cost. Examples of cost accounting practices involving allocation of cost to cost objectives are the accounting methods or techniques used to accumulate cost, to determine whether a cost is to be directly or indirectly allocated to determine the composition of cost pools, and to determine the selection and composition of the appropriate allocation base.9903.302-2 Change to a cost accounting practice.
      *Change to a cost accounting practice,* as used in this part, means any alteration in a cost accounting practice, as defined in  9903.302-1, whether or not such practices are covered by a Disclosure Statement, except for the following:
         (a) The initial adoption of a cost accounting practice for the first time a cost is incurred, or a function is created, is not a change in cost accounting practice. The partial or total elimination of a cost or the cost of a function is not a change in cost accounting practice. As used here, function is an activity or group of activities that is identifiable in scope and has a purpose or end to be accomplished.
         (b) The revision of a cost accounting practice for a cost which previously had been immaterial is not a change in cost accounting practice.9903.302-3 Illustrations of changes which meet the definition of “change to a cost accounting practice.”
      (a) The method or technique used for measuring costs has been changed.
         Description
                                             Accounting treatment(1) Contractor changes its actuarial cost method for computing pension costs.
                                             (1)(i) Before change: The contractor computed pension costs using the aggregate cost method.
(ii) After change: The contractor computes pension cost using the unit credit method.(2) Contractor uses standard costs to account for its direct labor. Labor cost at standard was computed by multiplying labor-time standard by actual labor rates. The contractor changes the computation by multiplying labor-time standard by labor-rate standard
                                             (2)(i) Before change: Contractor's direct labor cost was measured with only one component set at standard.
(ii) After change: Contractor's direct labor cost is measured with both the time and rate components set at standard.(b) The method or technique used for assignment of cost to cost accounting periods has been changed.
         Description
                                             Accounting treatment(1) Contractor changes his established criteria for capitalizing certain classes of tangible capital assets whose acquisition costs totaled $1 million per cost accounting period
                                             (1)(i) Before change: Items having acquisition costs of between $200 and $400 per unit were capitalized and depreciated over a number of cost accounting periods.
(ii) After change: The contractor charges the value of assets costing between $200 and $400 per unit to an indirect expense pool which is allocated to the cost objectives of the cost accounting period in which the cost was incurred.(2) Contractor changes his methods for computing depreciation for a class of assets
                                             (2)(i) Before change: The contractor assigned depreciation costs to cost accounting periods using an accelerated method.
(ii) After change: The contractor assigns depreciation costs to cost accounting periods using the straight line method.(3) Contractor changes his general method of determining asset lives for classes of assets acquired prior to the effective date of CAS 409
                                             (3)(i) Before change: The contractor identified the cost accounting periods to which the cost of tangible capital assets would be assigned using guideline class lives provided in IRS Rev. Pro. 72-10.
(ii) After change: The contractor changes the method by which he identifies the cost accounting periods to which the costs of tangible capital assets will be assigned. He now uses the expected actual lives based on past usage.(c) The method or technique used for allocating costs has been changed.
         Description
                                             Accounting treatment(1) Contractor changes his method of allocating G&A expenses under the requirements of Cost Accounting Standard 410
                                             (1)(i) Before change: The contractor operating under Cost Accounting Standard 410 has been allocating his general and administrative expense pool to final cost objectives on a total cost input base in compliance with the Standard. The contractor's business changes substantially such that there are significant new projects which have only insignificant quantities of material.
(ii) After change: After the addition of the new work, an evaluation of the changed circumstances reveals that the continued use of a total cost input base would result in a significant distortion in the allocation of the G&A expense pool in relation to the benefits received. To remain in compliance with Standard 410, the contractor alters his G&A allocation base from a total cost input base to a value added base.(2) The contractor changes the accounting for hardware common to all projects
                                             (2)(i) Before change: The contractor allocated the cost of purchased or requisitioned hardware directly to projects.
(ii) After change: The contractor charges the cost of purchased or requisitioned hardware to an indirect expense pool which is allocated to projects using an appropriate allocation base.(3) The contractor merges operating segment A and B which use different cost accounting practices in accounting for manufacturing overhead costs
                                             (3)(i) Before change: In segment, A, the costs of the manufacturing overhead pool have been allocated to final cost objectives using a direct labor hours base; in segment B, the costs of the manufacturing overhead pool have been allocated to final cost objectives using a direct labor dollars base.
(ii) After change: As a result of the merger of operations, the combined segment decides to allocate the cost of the manufacturing overhead pool to all final cost objectives, using a direct labor dollars base. Thus, for those final cost objectives referred to in segment A, the cost of the manufacturing overhead pool will be allocated to the final cost objectives of segment A using a direct labor dollars base instead of a direct labor hours base.9903.302-4 Illustrations of changes which do not meet the definition of “Change to a cost accounting practice.”
      Description
                                             Accounting treatment(a) Changes in the interest rate levels in the national economy have invalidated the prior actuarial assumption with respect to anticipated investment earnings. The pension plan administrators adopted an increased (decreased) interest rate actuarial assumption. The company allocated the resulting pension costs to all final cost objectives
                                             (a) Adopting the increase (decrease) in the interest rate actuarial assumption is not a change in cost accounting practice.(b) The basic benefit amount for a company's pension plan is increased from $8 to $10 per year of credited service. The change increases the dollar amount of pension cost allocated to all final cost objectives
                                             (b) The increase in the amount of the benefits is not a change in cost accounting practice.(c) A contractor who has never paid pensions establishes for the first time a pension plan. Pension costs for the first year amounted to $3.5 million
                                             (c) The initial adoption of an accounting practice for the first time incurrence of a cost is not a change in cost accounting practice.(d) A contractor maintained a Deferred Incentive Compensation Plan. After several years' experience, the plan was determined not to be attaining its objective, so it was terminated, and no future entitlements were paid
                                             (d) There was a termination of the Deferred Incentive Compensation Plan. Elimination of a cost is not a change in cost accounting practice.(e) A contractor eliminates a segment that was operated for the purpose of doing research for development of products related to nuclear energy
                                             (e) The projects and expenses related to nuclear energy projects have been terminated. No transfer of these projects and no further work in this area is planned. This is an elimination of cost and not a change in cost accounting practice.(f) For a particular class of assets for which technological changes have rarely affected asset lives, a contractor starts with a 5-year average of historical lives to estimate future lives. He then considers technological changes and likely use. For the past several years the process resulted in an estimated future life of 10 years for this class of assets. This year a technological change leads to a prediction of a useful life of 7 years for the assets acquired this year for the class of assets
                                             (f) The change in estimate (not in method) is not a change in cost accounting practice. The contractor has not changed the method or technique used to determine the estimate. The methodology applied has indicated a change in the estimated life, and this is not a change in cost accounting practice.(g) The marketing department of a segment has reported directly to the general manager of the segment. The costs of the marketing department have been combined as part of the segment's G&A expense pool. The company reorganizes and requires the marketing department to report directly to a vice president at corporate headquarters
                                             (g) After the organization change in the company's reporting structure, the parties agree that the appropriate recognition of the beneficial or causal relationship between the costs of the marketing department and the segment is to continue to combine these costs as part of the segment's G&A expense pool. Thus, the organizational change has not resulted in a change in cost accounting practice.9903.303 Effect of filing Disclosure Statement.
      (a) A disclosure of a cost accounting practice by a contractor does not determine the allowability of particular items of cost. Irrespective of the practices disclosed by a contractor, the question of whether or not, or the extent to which, a specific element of cost is allowed under a contract remains for consideration in each specific instance. Contractors are cautioned that the determination of the allowability of cost items will remain a responsibility of the contracting officers pursuant to the provisions of the applicable procurement regulations.
         (b) The individual Disclosure Statement may be used in audits of contracts or in negotiation of prices leading to contracts. The authority of the audit agencies and the contracting officers is in no way abrogated by the material presented by the contractor in his Disclosure Statement. Contractors are cautioned that their disclosures must be complete and accurate; the practices disclosed may have a significant impact on ways in which contractors will be required to comply with Cost Accounting Standards.9903.304 Concurrent full and modified coverage.
      Contracts subject to full coverage may be performed during a period in which a previously awarded contract subject to modified coverage is being performed. Compliance with full coverage may compel the use of cost accounting practices that are not required under modified coverage. Under these circumstances the cost accounting practices applicable to contracts subject to modified coverage need not be changed. Any resulting differences in practices between contracts subject to full coverage and those subject to modified coverage shall not constitute a violation of  9904.401 and  9904.402. This principle also applies to contracts subject to modified coverage being performed during a period in which a previously awarded contract subject to full coverage is being performed.9903.305 Materiality.
      In determining whether amounts of cost are material or immaterial, the following criteria shall be considered where appropriate; no one criterion is necessarily determinative:
         (a) The absolute dollar amount involved. The larger the dollar amount, the more likely that it will be material.
         (b) The amount of contract cost compared with the amount under consideration. The larger the proportion of the amount under consideration to contract cost, the more likely it is to be material.
         (c) The relationship between a cost item and a cost objective. Direct cost items, especially if the amounts are themselves part of a base for allocation of indirect costs, will normally have more impact than the same amount of indirect costs.
         (d) The impact on Government funding. Changes in accounting treatment will have more impact if they influence the distribution of costs between Government and non-Government cost objectives than if all cost objectives have Government financial support.
         (e) The cumulative impact of individually immaterial items. It is appropriate to consider whether such impacts:
         (1) Tend to offset one another, or
         (2) Tend to be in the same direction and hence to accumulate into a material amount.
         (f) The cost of administrative processing of the price adjustment modification shall be considered. If the cost to process exceeds the amount to be recovered, it is less likely the amount will be material.9903.306 Interpretations.
      In determining amounts of increased costs in the clauses at  9903.201-4(a), Cost Accounting Standards,  9903.201-4(c), Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices, and  9903.201-4(d), Consistency in Cost Accounting, the following considerations apply:
         (a) Increased costs shall be deemed to have resulted whenever the cost paid by the Government results from a change in a contractor's cost accounting practices or from failure to comply with applicable Cost Accounting Standards, and such cost is higher than it would have been had the practices not been changed or applicable Cost Accounting Standards complied with.
         (b) If the contractor under any fixed-price contract, including a firm fixed-price contract, fails during contract performance to follow its cost accounting practices or to comply with applicable Cost Accounting Standards, increased costs are measured by the difference between the contract price agreed to and the contract price that would have been agreed to had the contractor proposed in accordance with the cost accounting practices used during contract performance. The determination of the contract price that would have been agreed to will be left to the contracting parties and will depend on the circumstances of each case.
         (c) The statutory requirement underlying this interpretation is that the United States not pay increased costs, including a profit enlarged beyond that in the contemplation of the parties to the contract when the contract costs, price, or profit is negotiated, by reason of a contractor's failure to use applicable Cost Accounting Standards, or to follow consistently its cost accounting practices. In making price adjustments under the Cost Accounting Standards clause at  9903.201-4(a) in fixed price or cost reimbursement incentive contracts, or contracts providing for prospective or retroactive price redetermination, the Federal agency shall apply this requirement appropriately in the circumstances.
         (d) The contractor and the contracting officer may enter into an agreement as contemplated by subdivision (a)(4)(ii) of the Cost Accounting Standards clause at  9903.201-4(a), covering a change in practice proposed by the Government or the contractor for all of the contractor's contracts for which the contracting officer is responsible, provided that the agreement does not permit any increase in the cost paid by the Government. Such agreement may be made final and binding, notwithstanding the fact that experience may subsequently establish that the actual impact of the change differed from that agreed to.
         (e) An adjustment to the contract price or of cost allowances pursuant to the Cost Accounting Standards clause at  9903.201-4(a) may not be required when a change in cost accounting practices or a failure to follow Standards or cost accounting practices is estimated to result in increased costs being paid under a particular contract by the United States. This circumstance may arise when a contractor is performing two or more covered contracts, and the change or failure affects all such contracts. The change or failure may increase the cost paid under one or more of the contracts, while decreasing the cost paid under one or more of the contracts. In such case, the Government will not require price adjustment for any increased costs paid by the United States, so long as the cost decreases under one or more contracts are at least equal to the increased cost under the other affected contracts, provided that the contractor and the affected contracting officers agree on the method by which the price adjustments are to be made for all affected contracts. In this situation, the contracting agencies would, of course, require an adjustment of the contract price or cost allowances, as appropriate, to the extent that the increases under certain contracts were not offset by the decreases under the remaining contracts.
         (f) Whether cost impact is recognized by modifying a single contract, several but not all contracts, or all contracts, or any other suitable technique, is a contract administration matter. The Cost Accounting Standards rules do not in any way restrict the capacity of the parties to select the method by which the cost impact attributable to a change in cost accounting practice is recognized.9903.307 Cost Accounting Standards Preambles.
      Preambles to the Cost Accounting Standards published by the original Cost Accounting Standards Board, as well as those preambles published by the signatories to the Federal Acquisition Regulation respecting changes made under their regulatory authorities, are available by writing to the: Publications Office, Office of Administration, Executive Office of the President, 725 17th Street NW., room 2200, Washington, DC 20500, or by calling (202) 395-7332.« Previous
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