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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

MAR 03 2011 

MEMORANDUM . -

OFFICE .Of CH~ICAL ~ElY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Protile for Registration Review: Flumioxazin (pC Code 129034) 

FROM: Moni~haKauJ,Biologist m~}W ~ 

BiOIOgiC~ AnalYS~S BTa:llch .~ J I ~ : ~ ~. 'J gl' t 

THRU: 

TO: 

Raf..,I PnelQ, EnvtrOnmentaI' Prjec:lio-;;'speclahst I 

Science In,fonnation an4 Analysis_Branch 

Elir.abetb IUU~ Economist 

Economic Analy~is Branch 

Biological and ~nomic Analysis Division (7503P) 

Ar.net Jones, Chief 

Biological Analysis Branch 

Diapn S~, Chief ;fJ~ Science Jnfonnation and-Analysis Branch 

Timothy Kiely, C,hief ~ \f'J'-: 

Economic Analysis Branch - : 

Biological and Economi~ Analyst ivision (750 P) 

Kathryp Jakob, Chemical Review Manager 

Ri~k Management and Implementation Branch 4 

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) 

Prq4uct Revjew Panel Dat,: I)ecember 1, 2010 

INTRQDUCTION 

The following is th¢ Biolggical and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) Chexpical-Profile 

(BCP) for Regi~tra~on R~vi~w of the chemical flumioxazjn. The pliipose of a aCp i~ to convey 

U$3.ge information ~d a broad overview of the pest management roles of pesticiqes that are 

beginping registration review. The intended audiences for tliis document are the OPF registration 

review team and th~ general pUblic. This document builds upon the data already provided in the 

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"Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also provided to Registration Review teams by 

BEAD. 

Flumioxazin is an N-phenylphthalimide herbicide and The Herbicide Resistance Action 

Committee and Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) classify this herbicide in group E/14. 

Its mode of action is the inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). It can be applied preor post-emergence to provide contact and residual control of a wide range of broad leaf weeds 

and some grasses. Flumioxazin can also be used in fall an4 spring preplant burndown programs 

and may be tank mixed with other herbicides to broaden the spectrum of weed control. In 

addition, flumioxazin can be used to maintain bare gr~und non-crop areas. 

USE SITES 

Flumioxazin is registered for use on a wide range of use sites including agricultural fruits, 

vegetables, grains, and field crops; forestry, ornamental plants, lawns, and trees; and nonagricultural sites such as rights-of-way, commercial and industrial areas. 

COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS 

Most flumioxazin products are formulated as water dispersible granules, and a few of them are 

available as an emulsifiable concentrate. Types of application include foliar and soil treatments. 

Aerial applications can also be made by all products except BroadStarTM. 

USAGE 

Agricultural Usage 

Based on private market pesticide usage data, the annual total agricultural usage averaged almost 

400 thousand pounds of active ingredient (A.I.) for about 4.5 million acres from 2006-2008 (GfK 

Kynetec, 1998-2008). The use offlumioxazin, in pounds A.I. and acres treated, has been 

increasing since 2001, when it was first registered. (GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008) 

From 2006-2008, the largest markets in terms of total pounds of active ingredient applied were: 

soybeans (41 %), almonds (14%), and cotton (12%). (GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008) 

From 2006-2008, the largest markets in terms of total area treated were: soybeans (55%), cotton 

(18%), peanuts (8%), and com (6%). (GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008) 

The states with the most agricultural usage in terms of Pounds A. I. applied were: California 

(32%), Illinois (7%), and Georgia (6%). The states with the most total area treated (TAT) were: 

California (10%), Illinois (9%), and Arkansas (8%). (GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008) 

. Non-Agricultural Usage 

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BEAD reviewed available non-agricultural ·sources and found information was limited to use of 

tlumioxazin in nurseries/greenhouses (2,174Ibs. AI in 2006). (Kline Studies, Inc., 2006) 

In terms of other agricultural and non-agricultural usage, information ~ limited to flumioxazin 

for landscape use (984 lbs AI in 2006) (Kline Studies, Inc., 2006). 

us:t; TRENDS 

Figm~ 1 depicts usage trends, in terms of pounds applied, for flumioxazin's largest agricultural 

~ar~ets. Th~ ~ata in this section are provided for preliminary scoping purposes. The use of 

flumioxazip has been increasing since 2001 (Fig. 1). Recent increases in soyb~ans (Fig. 2) are 

likely be a~ two new products were registered in 2007 for soybeans. which contained a new 

combination oftbree active ingredients. Over the span portrayed below, flumioxazin's major 

uses are ~pybeans, almonds, cotton, and wine grapes. 

Figure 1. Usage trends (2001-2008) in terms of pounds applied for flumioxazin main 

agricultural use sites. (GfK Kynetec, 2001-2008) 

60Q,QOO ------------------------------------------------

;( 

J 

o 

2003 " . 2001 ~002 2004 2005 . ,< 2009 2007 2008 

Year 

• $oyb~ans • Almonds _ CQtton • Grapes, Wine • AlI9th~r Crop~ 

Note on above graph: "All other Crops" refers to Apples, Apricots, Beans (Snap, Bush, Pole, String), 

Cane\>erries, Cherries, Com, Cucumbers, Dry BeansiPeas, F~low, Grapes (Raisin, Table), Onions, 

Peaches, Peanq.ts, Pear~, Peppers, Pistachios, Plums/Prunes, Potatoes, PumpJ.4ns, ~~, Sorghum (Milo), 

Strawbeiries, Sunflowers, Sweet Com, Tobacco, Walnuts, and Winter·Wheat. . 

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Figure 2. Total pounds of tlumioxazin applied to soybeans, per year (2001-2008). (GtK. 

Kynetec, 2001-2008) 

Soybeans 

280,000 

o 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Year 

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO FLUMIOXAZIN 

Based on a recent BEAD review of fiumioxazin, it is a valuable tool in resistance management 

(Chism,2008). However, a few reports of weed resistance (pigweed, Amaranthus quitensis; tall 

waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus; common ragweed, Amrosia artemisiifolia; and wild 

poinsettia, Euphorbia heterophylla) to PPO inhibitors is cited by WSSA (2010). There is one 

case that specifically reports flumioxazin resistance in common ragweed. 

mSTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FOR FLUMIOXAZIN 

Th~re hav.e .. been multiple emergency exemption (Section 18) requests -for the use of flumioxazin. 

Of the requestS reviewed by BEAD, all were located in Louisiana and Mississippi and were for 

broadcast weed applications, pigweed, or morning glories. For a complete list of these requests, 

please see Attachment A. 

Additionally, BEAD rev.iewed a justification for the extension of an exclusive use period for 

flumioxazin in 2008. BEAD found that flumioxazin's use in the following 11 crops met at least 

one of the criteria for an exclusive use extension period: asparagus, blueberry, cherry, melon, 

mint, onion,.pepper, peach, pear, plum and strawberry (DP# 353507). An extension to the 

exclusive use period may be allowed if certain criteria are met. FIFRA 5 3(c)(l)(F)(ii) states the 

following: 

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The period of exclusive data use provided under clause (i) shall be extended 1 a4ditional 

year for each 3 minor uses registered 'after the date of enactment of this clause [August 

3, 19961 and within 7 years of the commencement of the exclusive ~e period, up to a 

total of 3 a4ditional years for all minor uses' registered by the Administrator if the 

Adn?inistrator, in cons~ltation with the Se~retary of Agrictilture, determines that, pased 

on infoI1l}atio~ provided by an applicant for registratioQ. or a registrant, that -

(I) there jp"e msufficient effica~ious alternative registere4 pesticides available for the Wle; 

(11) the alternatives to the minor use pesticide pose greater risks to the environment or 

human health; 

(111) the minor use pesticide plays or will play a significant part in managing pest 

resistance; or 

(IV) t4e minor use pesticide plays or will play a ,significant part in an integrated pest 

ma.p.agement program. 

The registration of a pesticide for a minor use on a crop grouping e~tablished by the 

Administrator shall be considered for purposes of this clause 1 minor use for each 

representative crop for which data are provided in the crop grouping. 

DATA ~EDS RELEVANT TO BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON FLUMIOXAZIN 

Obtaining a4ditional ipfonnation on the following items would improve future BEAD 

assessments of the importance of Flumioxatin ,and may be required as part of the registration 

review of this pesticide. 

• Apyadditional information of weed resistance that applies to'flumioxazin use. 

• Any information on non-agricultural use sites such and usage data, weed resistance 

information, and possible alternatives. 

REFERENCES 

Chism. B., 2008. Review of justification for extension of exclusive use period for flumioxazin 

(DP 353507). Unpublised EPA document. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2010. Section 18 Actions. Accessed November 23, 

2010 Online: http://cfpub 1.epa.gov/oppref/section18/search.cfm 

GfK Kynetec, 1998-2008, Proprietary Data 

Kline Studies, Inc., 2006, Proprietary Data 

Weed Science Society of America (WSSA), 2010. PPO Inhibitors (E/14) Resistant Weeds. 

Accessed November 22, 2010 Online: ' 

http://www.weedscience.orgiSummary/UspeciesMOA.asp?lstMOAID=8 

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ATTACHMENT A 

ALFALFA 

COTTON 

COTTON 

PUMPKIN 

SUGARCANE 

SWEET 

POTATO 

SWEET 

POTATO 

SWEET 

POTATO 

SWEET 

POTATO 

BROADLEAF 

WEEDS 

"BROADLEAF 

WEEDS 

WEEDS 

WEEDS 

(WATERHEMP) 

MORNING 

GLORY 

BROADLEAF 

WEEDS 

BROAD LEAF 

WEEDS 

BROADLEAF 

WEEDS 

WEEDS 

PIGWEED 

PIGWEED 

ARIZONA 812612004 9/1212006 ISSUED 

ARKANSAS 5/1212003 8126/2003 DENIED 

ARKANSAS 4/17/2001 5/31/2001, WITHDRAWN 

ILLINOIS 4/10/2006 61212006 WITHDRAWN 

LOUISIANA 4/30/2001 8/312001 DENIED 

INCOMPLETE -

LOUISIANA 3/312003 3/13/2003 OUTSTANDING 

DATA 

REQUESTED 

LOUISIANA 6/1912003 6/19/2003 CRISIS 

APPROVED 

LOUISIANA 51712004 51712004 CRISIS 

APPROVED 

LOUISIANA 2117/2004 5113/2004 ISSUED 

MISSISSIPPI 3/18/2003 811312003 WITHDRAWN 

MISSISSIPPI 2124/2004 5/13/2004 ISSUED 

Source: EPA (2010); BEAD Official Records. 

274398, 

274397 

274685, 

274684 

288965 

* BEAD's official records indicate that a review was conducted for an emergency exemption request for the use of 

flumixazin on beans, to control for silverleafwhitefly in Georgia in 2001 (DP# 276060, 276061). 

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