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[Congressional Bills 109th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3001 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

109th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3001

To ensure that all electronic surveillance of United States persons for 
 foreign intelligence purposes is conducted pursuant to individualized 
   court-issued orders, to streamline the procedures of the Foreign 
     Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                              May 24, 2006

 Mr. Specter (for himself and Mrs. Feinstein) introduced the following 
    bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the 
                               Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To ensure that all electronic surveillance of United States persons for 
 foreign intelligence purposes is conducted pursuant to individualized 
   court-issued orders, to streamline the procedures of the Foreign 
     Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 
Improvement and Enhancement Act of 2006''.

  TITLE I--CONSTRUCTION OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITY

SEC. 101. REITERATION OF CHAPTERS 119, 121, AND 206 OF TITLE 18, UNITED 
              STATES CODE, AND FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 
              1978 AS EXCLUSIVE MEANS BY WHICH DOMESTIC ELECTRONIC 
              SURVEILLANCE MAY BE CONDUCTED.

    (a) Exclusive Means.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
chapters 119, 121, and 206 of title 18, United States Code, and the 
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) 
shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance may be 
conducted on a United States person in the United States.
    (b) Amendment to Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.--
Section 109(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 
U.S.C. 1809(a)) is amended by striking ``authorized by statute'' each 
place it appears and inserting ``authorized by this title or chapter 
119, 121 or 206 of title 18, United States Code''.
    (c) Amendment to Title 18, United States Code.--Section 
2511(2)(a)(ii)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``statutory requirements'' and inserting ``requirements under 
the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et 
seq.), this chapter, or chapters 121 or 206 of this title''.

SEC. 102. SPECIFIC AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED FOR ANY REPEAL OR 
              MODIFICATION OF TITLE I OF THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE 
              SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 1978.

    (a) In General.--Title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 
Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
section 109 the following new section:

  ``specific authorization required for any repeal or modification of 
                                 title

    ``Sec. 109A. No provision of law shall be construed to implicitly 
repeal or modify this title or any provision thereof, nor shall any 
provision of law be deemed to repeal or modify this title in any manner 
unless such provision of law, if enacted after the date of the 
enactment of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Improvement and 
Enhancement Act of 2006, expressly amends or otherwise specifically 
cites this title.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for that Act is 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 109 the 
following new item:

``Sec. 109A. Specific authorization required for any repeal or 
                            modification of title.''.

SEC. 103. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE NOT 
              AUTHORIZED BY LAW.

    Commencing on the effective date of this Act, no funds appropriated 
or otherwise made available by any Act may be obligated or expended to 
conduct electronic surveillance (as defined in section 101(f) of the 
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(f)), 
except in accordance with the provisions of law as follows:
            (1) Title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 
        1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.).
            (2) Title IV of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 
        of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1841 et seq).
            (3) Chapter 119 of title 18, United States Code.
            (4) Chapter 121 of title 18, United States Code.
            (5) Chapter 206 of title 18, United States Code.

SEC. 104. INFORMATION FOR CONGRESS ON THE TERRORIST SURVEILLANCE 
              PROGRAM AND SIMILAR PROGRAMS.

    As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
but not later than seven days after such date, the President shall 
brief and inform each member of the congressional intelligence 
committees on the following:
            (1) The Terrorist Surveillance Program of the National 
        Security Agency.
            (2) Any program which involves, whether in part or in 
        whole, the electronic surveillance of United States persons in 
        the United States for foreign intelligence purposes, and which 
        is conducted by any department, agency, or other element of the 
        United States Government, or by any entity at the direction of 
        a department, agency, or other element of the United States 
        Government, without fully complying with the procedures set 
        forth in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 
        U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) or chapter 119, 121, or 206 of title 18, 
        United States Code.

 TITLE II--APPLICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE FOR 
                     FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PURPOSES

SEC. 201. EXTENSION OF PERIOD FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS FOR EMERGENCY 
              ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

    Section 105(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 
(50 U.S.C. 1805(f)) is amended by striking ``72 hours'' both places it 
appears and inserting ``168 hours''.

SEC. 202. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY TO APPROVE APPLICATIONS FOR 
              ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

    (a) In General.--Section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence 
Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Attorney General based 
        upon his finding'' and inserting ``Attorney General (or a 
        delegee of the Attorney General under subsection (f)) based 
        upon a finding''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) The Attorney General may delegate the authority to approve an 
application under this section for an order approving electronic 
surveillance under this title to each of the following:
            ``(1) The Deputy Attorney General.
            ``(2) The Assistant Attorney General for National 
        Security.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 102(b) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 
1802(b)) is amended by inserting ``(or delegee of the Attorney General 
under section 104(f))'' after ``Attorney General''.

SEC. 203. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY FOR EMERGENCY ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

    Section 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 
(50 U.S.C. 1805) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j) as 
        subsections (h), (i), (j), and (k), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following new 
        subsection (g):
    ``(g)(1)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title and 
subject to the provisions of this subsection, the Attorney General may, 
with the concurrence of the Director of National Intelligence, appoint 
appropriate supervisory or executive personnel within the Federal 
Bureau of Investigation and the National Security Agency to authorize 
electronic surveillance on a United States person in the United States 
on an emergency basis pursuant to the provisions of this subsection.
    ``(B) For purposes of this subsection, an intelligence agent or 
employee acting under the supervision of a supervisor or executive 
appointed under subparagraph (A) may conduct emergency electronic 
surveillance under this subsection if such supervisor or executive 
reasonably determines that--
            ``(i) an emergency situation exists with respect to the 
        employment of electronic surveillance to obtain foreign 
        intelligence information before an order authorizing such 
        surveillance can with due diligence be obtained; and
            ``(ii) the factual basis exists for the issuance of an 
        order approving such surveillance under this title.
    ``(2) The supervisors and executives appointed by the Attorney 
General under paragraph (1) may only be officials as follows:
            ``(A) In the case of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 
        officials at or above the level of Special Agent in Charge.
            ``(B) In the case of the National Security Agency, 
        officials at or above the level of head of branch of the 
        National Security Agency.
    ``(3) A supervisor or executive responsible for the emergency 
employment of electronic surveillance under this subsection shall 
submit to the Attorney General (and, if authorized by the Attorney 
General, to the Deputy Attorney General and the Assistant Attorney 
General for National Security) a request for approval of the 
surveillance within 24 hours of the commencement of the surveillance. 
The request shall set forth the ground for the belief specified in 
paragraph (1), together with such other information as the Attorney 
General shall require.
    ``(4)(A) The review of a request under paragraph (3) shall be 
completed by the official concerned under that paragraph as soon as 
practicable, but not more than 72 hours after the commencement of the 
electronic surveillance concerned under paragraph (1).
    ``(B)(i) If the official concerned determines that the electronic 
surveillance does not meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the 
surveillance shall terminate immediately and may not be recommenced by 
any supervisor or executive appointed under paragraph (1), or any agent 
or employee acting under the supervision of such supervisor or 
executive, absent additional facts or changes in circumstances that 
lead a supervisor or executive appointed under paragraph (1) to 
reasonably believe that the requirements of paragraph (1) are 
satisfied.
    ``(ii) In the event of a determination under clause (i), the 
Attorney General shall not be required, under section 106(j), to notify 
any United States person of the fact that the electronic surveillance 
covered by such determination was conducted before the termination of 
the surveillance under that clause. However, the official making such 
determination shall notify the court established by section 103(a) of 
such determination, and shall also provide notice of such determination 
in the first report that is submitted under section 108(a) after such 
determination is made.
    ``(C) If the official concerned determines that the surveillance 
meets the requirements of subsection (f), the surveillance may 
continue, subject to the requirements of paragraph (5).
    ``(5)(A) An application in accordance with this title shall be made 
to a judge having jurisdiction under section 103 as soon as practicable 
but not more than 168 hours after the commencement of electronic 
surveillance under paragraph (1).
    ``(B) In the absence of a judicial order approving electronic 
surveillance commenced under paragraph (1), the surveillance shall 
terminate at the earlier of--
            ``(i) when the information sought is obtained; or
            ``(ii) when the application under subparagraph (A) for an 
        order approving the surveillance is denied; or
            ``(iii) 168 hours after the commencement of the 
        surveillance.
    ``(C) If an application under subparagraph (A) for an order 
approving electronic surveillance commenced under paragraph (1) is 
denied, or in any other case in which the surveillance is terminated 
and no order approving the surveillance is issued by a court, the use 
of information obtained or evidence derived from the surveillance shall 
be governed by the provisions of subsection (f).
    ``(D) The denial of an application submitted under subparagraph (A) 
may be reviewed as provided in section 103.
    ``(6) Any person who engages in the emergency employment of 
electronic surveillance under paragraph (1) shall follow the 
minimization procedures otherwise required by this title for the 
issuance of a judicial order approving the conduct of electronic 
surveillance.
    ``(7) Not later than 30 days after appointing supervisors and 
executives under paragraph (1) to authorize the exercise of authority 
in that paragraph, the Attorney General, in consultation with the 
Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the Foreign 
Intelligence Surveillance Court and the congressional intelligence 
committees, and bring up to date as required, a report that--
            ``(A) identifies the number of supervisors and executives 
        who have been so appointed and the positions held by such 
        supervisors and executives; and
            ``(B) sets forth guidelines or other directives that 
        describe the responsibilities of such supervisors and 
        executives under this subsection.''.

SEC. 204. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE COURT MATTERS.

    (a) Authority for Additional Judges.--Section 103(a) of the Foreign 
Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1)'' after ``(a)'';
            (2) by designating the second sentence as paragraph (4) and 
        indenting such paragraph, as so designated, two ems from the 
        left margin; and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1), as so designated, the 
        following new paragraph:
    ``(2) In addition to the judges designated under paragraph (1), the 
Chief Justice of the United States may designate as judges of the court 
established by paragraph (1) such judges appointed under Article III of 
the Constitution of the United States as the Chief Justice determines 
appropriate in order to provide for the prompt and timely consideration 
under section 105 of applications under section 104 for electronic 
surveillance under this title. Any judge designated under this 
paragraph shall be designated publicly.''.
    (b) Consideration of Emergency Applications.--Such section is 
further amended by inserting after paragraph (2), as added by 
subsection (a)(3) of this section, the following new paragraph:
    ``(3) A judge of the court shall make a determination to approve, 
deny, or seek modification of an application submitted pursuant to 
section subsection (f) or (g) of section 105 not later than 24 hours 
after the receipt of such application by the court.''.

SEC. 205. DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS 
              APPROVING ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

    (a) System Required.--The Attorney General shall, in consultation 
with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Director 
of the National Security Agency, and the Foreign Intelligence 
Surveillance Court, develop and implement a secure, classified document 
management system that permits the prompt preparation, modification, 
and review by appropriate personnel of the Department of Justice, the 
Federal Bureau of Investigation, the National Security Agency, and 
other applicable elements of the United States Government of 
applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 
Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) before their submittal to the Foreign 
Intelligence Surveillance Court.
    (b) Scope of System.--The document management system required by 
subsection (a) shall--
            (1) permit and facilitate the prompt submittal of 
        applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 
        under section 104 or 105(g)(5) of the Foreign Intelligence 
        Surveillance Act of 1978; and
            (2) permit and facilitate the prompt transmittal of rulings 
        of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to personnel 
        submitting applications described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 206. ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL FOR PREPARATION AND CONSIDERATION OF 
              APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS APPROVING ELECTRONIC 
              SURVEILLANCE.

    (a) Office of Intelligence Policy and Review.--
            (1) Additional personnel.--The Office of Intelligence 
        Policy and Review of the Department of Justice is hereby 
        authorized such additional personnel, including not fewer than 
        21 full-time attorneys, as may be necessary to carry out the 
        prompt and timely preparation, modification, and review of 
        applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence 
        Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under 
        section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic 
        surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes.
            (2) Assignment.--The Attorney General shall assign 
        personnel authorized by paragraph (1) to and among appropriate 
        offices of the National Security Agency in order that such 
        personnel may directly assist personnel of the Agency in 
        preparing applications described in that paragraph.
    (b) Federal Bureau of Investigation.--
            (1) Additional legal and other personnel.--The National 
        Security Branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is 
        hereby authorized such additional legal and other personnel as 
        may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation 
        of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence 
        Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under section 105 of that 
        Act approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence 
        purposes.
            (2) Assignment.--The Director of the Federal Bureau of 
        Investigation shall assign personnel authorized by paragraph 
        (1) to and among the field offices of the Federal Bureau of 
        Investigation in order that such personnel may directly assist 
        personnel of the Bureau in such field offices in preparing 
        applications described in that paragraph.
    (c) Additional Legal and Other Personnel for National Security 
Agency.--The National Security Agency is hereby authorized such 
additional legal and other personnel as may be necessary to carry out 
the prompt and timely preparation of applications under section 104 of 
the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under 
section 105 of that Act approving electronic surveillance for foreign 
intelligence purposes.
    (d) Additional Legal and Other Personnel for Foreign Intelligence 
Surveillance Court.--There is hereby authorized for the Foreign 
Intelligence Surveillance Court such additional staff personnel as may 
be necessary to facilitate the prompt and timely consideration by that 
Court of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence 
Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under section 105 of that Act 
approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes. 
Personnel authorized by this paragraph shall perform such duties 
relating to the consideration of such applications as that Court shall 
direct.
    (e) Supplement Not Supplant.--The personnel authorized by this 
section are in addition to any other personnel authorized by law.

SEC. 207. REPORT ON PROCEDURES FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS APPROVING 
              ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

    (a) Review.--The Attorney General shall, in consultation with the 
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence 
Surveillance Court of Review, review the procedures applicable to the 
submittal under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 
Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) of applications for orders under section 
105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for 
foreign intelligence purposes.
    (b) Elements.--The review required by subsection (a) shall address 
the following:
            (1) The procedures described in subsection (a).
            (2) The requirements, if any, under such procedures that 
        impose recurring, undue impediments on the submittal to the 
        Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of applications 
        described in subsection (a), including requirements for the 
        submittal of information that is unnecessary for that Court in 
        its consideration of such applications.
            (3) A determination of recommendations for legislative or 
        administrative action in light of the matters addressed under 
        paragraphs (1) and (2).
            (4) The average length of time, over the previous calendar 
        year, between--
                    (A) the submittal of a request or recommendation by 
                a Federal officer to the Department of Justice for an 
                application under section 104 of the Foreign 
                Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for an order 
                under section 105 of that Act; and
                    (B) the decision of the Department of Justice on 
                such request or recommendation.
            (5) The requirements imposed by the Department of Justice 
        in determining whether to submit an application under section 
        104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for an 
        order under section 105 of that Act.
    (c) Modification of Procedures.--
            (1) In general.--If the Attorney General determines as a 
        result of the review required by subsection (a) that the 
        procedures described in that subsection should be modified, 
        including modification to address requirements described by 
        subsection (b)(2), the Attorney General shall prescribe in 
        regulations such modifications as the Attorney General 
        considers appropriate. Such modification shall be consistent 
        with the provisions of title I of the Foreign Intelligence 
        Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.).
            (2) Scope.--Any procedures prescribed under paragraph (1) 
        shall, to the extent practicable, apply uniformly among all 
        elements of the Department of Justice, and among any other 
        element of the United States Government, concerned with the 
        submittal of applications under section 104 of the Foreign 
        Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under section 
        105 of that Act approving electronic surveillance for foreign 
        intelligence purposes.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the effective date of 
this Act, the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the 
Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and 
the Committee the Judiciary and the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the House of Representatives a report setting forth the 
procedures applicable to applications under section 104 of the Foreign 
Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 for orders under section 105 of 
that Act approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence 
purposes, including any modification to such procedures prescribed 
under subsection (c).

SEC. 208. TRAINING OF FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND NATIONAL 
              SECURITY AGENCY PERSONNEL IN FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE 
              SURVEILLANCE MATTERS.

    The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the 
Director of the National Security Agency shall each, in consultation 
with the Attorney General--
            (1) develop regulations to establish procedures for 
        conducting and seeking approval of electronic surveillance on 
        an emergency basis, and for preparing and properly submitting 
        and receiving applications and orders, under sections 104 and 
        105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978; and
            (2) prescribe related training for the personnel of the 
        applicable agency.

SEC. 209. ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITY IN WARTIME.

    Section 111 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 
(50 U.S.C. 1811) is amended by striking ``following a declaration of 
war by the Congress'' and inserting ``following any of the following:
            ``(1) A declaration of war by the Congress.
            ``(2) An authorization for the use of military force within 
        the meaning of section 2(c)(2) of the War Powers Resolution (50 
        U.S.C. 1541(c)(2)).
            ``(3) A national emergency created by attack upon the 
        United States, its territories or possessions, or the Armed 
        Forces within the meaning of section 2(c)(3) of the War Powers 
        Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541(c)(3)).''.

                        TITLE III--OTHER MATTERS

SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.

  In this Act:
            (1) The term ``congressional intelligence committees'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
                Senate; and
                    (B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
                of the House of Representatives.
            (2) The term ``Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court'' 
        means the court established by section 103(a) of the Foreign 
        Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)).
            (3) The term ``Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of 
        Review'' means the court established by section 103(b) of the 
        Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 
        1803(b).
            (4) The term ``United States person'' has the meaning given 
        such term in section 101(i) of the Foreign Intelligence 
        Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(i)).

SEC. 302. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 
necessary to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act.

SEC. 303. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act, 
and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date that 
is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Information on Terrorist Surveillance Program.--Section 104 
shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
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