ATTACHMENT 2 

Text of the Proposal 
DRAFT - March 25,200 9 

Section 1 . Subsection (f)(2) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies is amended to read as follows: 

(2) [No "person" shall cause or permit the discharge into the atmosphere of more than 40 

pounds of organic materials in any one day, nor of more than 8 pounds in any one hour, from any 

article or machine, other than described in subdivision (f)(1), for employing or applying any 

highly photochemically reactive solvent as defined in subdivisions (i)(1) or (i)(2) of this section 

unless the discharge has been reduced by at least 85 percent overall. "Emissions" of organic 

materials into the atmosphere resulting from air or heated drying of products for the first 12 

hours after their removal from any article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance described in 

this subdivision are included in determining compliance with this subdivision. "Emissions" 

resulting from baking, heat-curing, or heat polymerizing as described in subdivision (f)(1) are 

excluded from determination of compliance with this subdivision. Those portions of any series 

or articles, machines, equipment or other contrivances designed for processing a continuous web, 

strip or wire which emit organic materials and using operations described in this subdivision 

shall be collectively subject to compliance with this subdivision.] Reserved. 

Sec. 2. Subsection (f)(9) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies is amended to read as follows : 

(9) The provisions of subsection (f) shall not apply to : 

(A) The use of equipment for which other requirements are specified by [subsections] 

_any one of the following subsections of this section: (a) through (e), (k) through 

(y) or (ffl through (ii) ; [ 22a-174-20(a) through (e) inclusive, subsections 22a174-20(k) through (y) inclusive,] or for which ["]reasonably available control 

technology["] is required by [subsection 22a-174-20(ee).] section 22a-174-32 of 

the Regulations of Connecticut State A eg_ncies, 

(B) The spraying or other employment of insecticides, pesticides, or herbicides[.] ; or 

(C) [The "emission" of "organic compounds" from coating operations where the 

"volatile organic compound" portion of the coating solvent is 20 per cent or less 

by weight.] The use of any organic material where the as applied volatile content 

of the material consists only of water and organic solvent and the organic solvent 

content does not exceed 20% by volume of the material . 

Sec. 3. Subsection (f)(13) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies is amended to read as follows: 

(13) [For the purpose of subdivision (f)(2) 85 percent reduction of "emissions" shall mean 85 

percent reduction of highly photochemically reactive solvent "emissions" present when 

operations are conducted according to good industrial practice, utilizing the maximum proportion 

of highly photochemically reactive solvent appropriate to such good practice. Substitution of a 

nonhighly photochemically reactive solvent shall be considered 100 percent reduction of the 

highly photochemically reactive "emissions" involved. ] Reserved. 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

Sec. 4. Subsections (g), (h) and (i) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies are amended to read as follows: 

(g) ["Architectural coatings." 

(g)(1) On or after January l, 1974, no "person" shall sell or offer for sale to the final user in containers greater than 1-quart (0.95 liter) capacity any "architectural coating" or solvent for the 

purpose of thinning or diluting any "architectural coating" unless the solvent composition is are nonhighly photochemically reactive, as defined in subdivision (i)(4) of this section. 

(g)(2) On or after January 1, 1975, no "person" shall employ, apply, evaporate, or dry any "architectural coating" purchased in containers of greater than 1- quart (0.951iter) capacity unless the solvent composition is nonhighly photochemically reactive, as defined in subdivision (i)(4) of this section. 

(g)(3) On or after January 1, 1975, no "person" shall thin or dilute for application any 

"architectural coating" with a highly photochemically reactive solvent as defined in subdivisions (i)(1) and (i)(2) of this section, purchased in containers of greater than 1-quart (0.95 liter) 

capacity .] Reserved. 

(h) [Exemptions. If the "Commissioner" determines that nonhighly photochemically 

unreactive solvents are not available for a particular application or class of applications, then the Commissioner may issue an order providing for an exemption, provided that this shall not 

prevent the "attainment" or maintenance of the national "ambient air quality standard" for 

photochemical oxidants.] Reserved. 

(i) 

(i)(1) 

[Classification of solvents . 

The following solvents shall be considered highly photochemically reactive: 

(A) Group R1 : Any hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, or ketones, 

having an olefinic or cycloolefmic type of unsaturation. 

) Group R2: Any aromatic compounds with eight or more carbon atoms to the 

molecule except ethylbenzene, phenyl acetate, and methyl benzoate. 

(C) Group R3 : Any ketones having branched hydrocarbon structures, and 

ethylbenzene, trichloroethylene, and toluene. 

(i)(2) Any solvent mixture will be considered highly photochemically reactive if the 

composition of the mixture exceeds any of the following limits by volume: 

(A) 5 percent of any combination of chemical compounds in group R1 . 

(B) 8 percent of any combination of chemical compounds in group R2. 

(C) 20 percent of any combination of chemical compounds in group R3 . 

(D) 20 percent of any combination of chemical compounds in groups R1, R2, and R3 . 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(i)(3) Whenever any organic solvent or any constituent of any organic solvent may be classified 

from its chemical structure into more than one of the above groups of "organic compounds," it 

shall be considered a member of the most reactive chemical group, which is, that group having 

the least allowable percent of the total volume of solvents . 

(i)(4) Any solvent not classified in subdivision (i)(1) and any solvent mixture which does not 

exceed any of the limits in subdivision (i)(2) of this section shall be considered nonhighly 

photochemically reactive.] Reserved. 

Sec 5. Subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (l) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of 

Connecticut State Agencies are amended to read as follows: 

P](1) Definitions. For the purposes of this subsection : 

(A) "Air knife system" means "air knife system" as defined in 40 CFR 63 .461 . 

(B) "Cold cleaning" means the batch process that involves spraying, brushing, 

flushing or immersion to clean and remove [of cleaning and removing] soils from 

metal surfaces [by spraying, brushing or flushing with or immersing in an 

unheated] using a degreasing solvent maintained at a temperature less than the 

boiling point of the solvent. [Wipe] Neither wine cleaning nor spray qpplication 

equipment cleaning is [not] included in this definition . 

(C) "Continuous web cleaning machine" means "continuous web cleaning machine" 

as defined in 40 CFR 63 .461 . 

(D) "Conveyorized degreasing" means the continuous process of cleaning and 

removing soils from metal surfaces by operating with either cold or vaporized 

degreasing solvents . 

(E) "Degreasing solvent" means any volatile organic compound used for metal 

cleaning . 

(F) "Freeboard height" means, for a cold cleaner, the distance from the liquid solvent 

in the degreaser tank to the lip of the tank. For an open top vapor degreaser it is 

the distance from the solvent vapor level in the tank during idling to the lip of the 

tank. For a vapor conveyorized degreaser, it is the distance from the vapor level 

to the bottom of the entrance or exit opening whichever is lower. For a cold 

conveyorized degreaser, it is the distance from the liquid solvent level to the 

bottom of the entrance or exit opening whichever is lower. 

(G) "Freeboard ratio" means the freeboard height divided by the smaller interior 

dimension (length, width or diameter) of the degreaser. 

(H) "Open top vapor degreasing" means the batch process of cleaning and removing 

soils from metal surfaces by condensing hot degreasing solvent vapor on the 

colder metal parts . 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(I) 

(J) 

"Metal cleaning" means the process of cleaning soils from metal surfaces by cold 

cleaning or open top vapor degreasing or conveyorized degreasing . 

"Refrigerated chiller" means a device, mounted above the water jacket and the 

primary condenser coils, that consists of secondary coils which carry a 

refrigerant to provide a chilled air blanket above the solvent vapor to reduce 

emissions from the degreaser bath. The chilled air blanket temperature, 

measured at the centroid of the degreaser at the coldest point, shall be no greater 

than [thirty (30) percent] 30% of the solvent's boiling point in degrees 

Fahrenheit. 

(K) "Special and extreme solvent metal cleaning" means the use of a cold cleaning 

unit to clean metal parts where such metal parts are used: 

(i) In the research, development, manufacture and rework of electronic parts, 

assemblies, boxes, wiring harnesses, sensors and connectors used in 

aerospace service, 

(ii) In the research, development, manufacture and rework of ozone, nitrous 

oxide, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, halogenated compounds or oxygen in 

concentrations greater than [twenty-three percent (23%)] 23%, 

(iii) In the research, development, manufacture and rework of high precision 

products for which contamination must be minimized in accordance with a 

customer or other specification, or 

(iv) In a manner that exposes such metal parts to ozone, nitrous oxide, fluorine, 

chlorine, bromine, halogenated compounds or oxygen in concentrations 

greater than [twenty-three percent (23%)] 23%. 

(L) "Squeegee system" means "squeegee system" as defined in 40 CFR 63 .461 . 

[(0](2) The provisions of this subsection apply with the following exceptions[.] ; 

(A) Open top vapor degreasers with an open area smaller than one [(1)] square meter 

(10.8 square feet) are exempt from the provisions of [parts (ii), (iv) and (v) of 

subparagraph] subsection (0(4)(C) (ii), Civ) and (v) of this section; 

) Conveyorized degreasers with a solvent/air interface smaller than two [(2)] square 

meters (21 .6 square feet) are exempt from the provisions of [subparagraph] 

subsection (0(5)(C) ; and 

(C) Metal cleaning equipment which uses 1,1,1 trichloroethane, methylene-chloride, or 

trichlorotrifluoroethane. 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

Sec 6. Subsections (p) and (q) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies are amended to read as follows: 

(p) Metal furniture coating. 

(1) Definitions . For the purpose of this [section] subsection : 

[ "Application area" means the area where the coating is applied by spraying, dipping or 

flowcoating techniques . 

"Metal furniture coating" means the surface coating of any furniture made of metal or any 

metal part which will be assembled with other metal, wood, fabric, plastic or glass parts to form 

a furniture piece.] 

"Air dried" means cured at a temperature below 90° C (194°F); 

"Air pollution control equipment efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions 

recovered or destroyed by air-pollution control equipment to the total VOC 

emissions that are introduced into the air pollution control equipment, expressed 

as a percentage ; 

"As Wplied" means the composition of coating at the time it is applied to a 

substrate including any solvent catalyst or other substance added to the coating 

as supplied by the manufacturer; 

"Baked" means cured at a temperature at or above 90° C (194°F); 

"Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the air 

pollution control equipment to the total VOC emissions resulting from metal 

furniture coatin~ and related cleaning ex,pressed as a percenta~e ; 

"Coating" means a material that is applied to a surface and that forms a 

continuous film in order to beautify or protect such surface; 

CG) "Coating unit" means a series of one or more coating applicators and any 

associated drying area or oven wherein a coating is applied dried or cured. A 

"coating unit" ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to any 

subsequent qpplication of a different coating; 

~H "Dip coating" means a method of applying a coating to a surface by submersion 

into and removal from a coatin g bath; 

"Electric insulating ~and thermal-conducting coating" means a coating that 

displays an electrical insulation of at least 1000 volts DC per mil on a flat test 

plate and an average thermal conductivity of at least 0 .27 BTU per hour-footdegree-Fahrenheit; 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

"Electrostatic application" means a method of applyin coating particles or 

coating droplets to a grounded surface by electrically charging such particles or 

droplets ; 

~K "Extreme high gloss coating" means a coating that when tested by the most 

recent active version of the American Society for Testing Material Test Method 

D523, shows a reflectance of 75 or more on a 60 degree, meter 

(L) "Extreme performance coating" means a coating used on a metal surface where 

the coated surface is in its intended use subject to one of the followin 

conditions : 

Chronic exposure to corrosive caustic or acidic agents chemicals 

chemical fumes, chemical mixtures or solution 

ii Repeated exposure to temperatures in excess of 121 1 ° C 

250° F), or 

iii Repeated heaw abrasion including mechanical wear and repeated 

scrubbing with industrial grade solvents cleaners or scouring agents; 

"Flow coating" means a non-atomized technique of applying coating to a 

substrate using a fluid nozzle in a fan pattern with no air supplied to the nozzle; 

"Heat-resistant coatine" means a coating that must withstand a temperature of at 

least 204.5° C (400 ° F) during normal use; 

"HVLP spray" means a high-volume low-pressure spray coating !qpplication 

system that is desimed to operate at air pressures between 0 1 and 10 pounds per 

square inch gauge measured dynamically at the center of the air cap and the air 

horns; 

P~ "Metal furniture coating" means the application of a surface coating to any_ 

furniture made of metal or any metal part that will be assembled with other metal 

wood, fabric, plastic or glass parts to form a furniture piece; 

"Metallic coating" means a coating that contains more than five grams of metal 

particle yer liter of coating as applied; 

LRI "Multi-component coating" means a coating requiring the addition of a separate 

reactive resin, such as a catalyst or hardener, before application to form an 

acceptable film; - 

"One-component coating" means a coating that is ready for application as 

packaged for sale, except for the addition of a thinner to reduce the viscosity ; 

(T,) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

air pollution control equipment efficiency' . 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

"Pretreatment coating" means a coating, containin¢ no more than 12% solids by 

weight and at least one-half percent acid by weight applied directly to metal 

surfaces to provide surface etchinizadhesion and ease when striypmiz; 

V~ "Repair coating" means a coating used to recoat portions of a product that has 

sustained mechanical damage to the coating following normal painting 

operations ; 

W~ "Roll coating" means a coating method using a machine that applies coating to a 

substrate by continuously transferring coating through a set of oppositely rotating 

rollers; 

(X) "Safety-indicating coating" means a coating that changes in a physical 

characteristic, such as color to indicate unsafe conditions ; 

"Solar-absorbent coating" means a coating that has as its prime purpose the 

absorption of solar radiation; 

"Solid-film lubricant" means a very thin coating consisting of a binder system 

containing as its chief pigment material one or more of molybdenum disulfide, 

graphite polytetrafluoroethYlene or other solids that act as a dry lubricant 

between fayingsurfaces; and 

(AA) "Stencil coating" means an ink or a coating that is rolled or brushed onto a 

template or stamp to add identifying letters or numbers to metal parts or products. 

[(2) The owner or operator of a metal furniture coating line shall not cause or permit the 

discharge into the atmosphere of any volatile organic compounds from any coating in excess of 

0.36 kilograms per liter of coating (3 .0 pounds per gallon), excluding water and exempt volatile 

organic compounds listed in 40 CFR 51 .100(s) as amended from time to time, delivered to the 

coating applicator from prime and topcoat or single coat operations .] 

[(3)](2) Applicability. 

The provisions of this subsection apply to: 

10 

(H) 

An owner or operator of any premises that has actual emissions of VOC of 

at, least [fifteen (] 15 [)] pounds per day [or more in any one day] from 

metal furniture [operations] coating and related cleaning, prior to the use 

of controls, or 

An owner or operator that became subject to this subsection on and after 

October 1, 1989 . [After October 1, 1989 any premises, which is or 

becomes subject to the provisions of this subsection, shall remain subject 

to the provisions of this subsection regardless of the daily actual 

emissions. Notwithstanding the above, the owner or operator of any piece 

of equipment that was not required to meet control requirements by this 

subsection prior to October 1, 1989, shall have until October 1, 1990, to 
DRAFT - March 25,_2009 

comply with the control requirements of this subsection for that piece of 

equipment.] 

Any owner or operator conducting metal furniture coating hall' 

Comply with the reguirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 

2010 or, for a source commencing operation after January 1 2010 the 

date on which the source commences operation, and 

ii Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC 

emissions. 

Exemptions and exceptions . The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to the 

following coatings or lubricant: 

Stencil coating; 

M) Safety-indicating coating; 

CC), Solid-film lubricant; 

D Electric-insulating and thermal-conducting coating; 

Touch-up and repair coating; or 

Coating applied with a hand-held aerosol can. 

Application methods. A person shall not apply a VOC-containing coating to any metal 

furniture or metal furniture part unless the coating is applied by one of the following methods 

using equipment operated in accordance with the specifications of the equipment manufacturer : 

Electrostatic application; 

Flow coating; 

Dip coating; 

Roll coating; 

HVLP spraying; 

Hand application; or 

Any other coating application method capable of achieving a transfer efficiency 

equivalent to or better than that provided by HVLP spray application 

(5) Compliance options. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection no owner 

or operator of a metal fnrniture coating unit shall apply any coating, inclus ive of any VOC- 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

containing materials added to the original coating supplied by the manufacturer, unless the owner 

or operator uses one of the following methods to limit emissions of VOCs: 

Use only coatings with an as-applied VOC content no greater than the level 

_specified in Table 20(p)-1 according to coating category and drying method. The 

VOC content limits of Table 20(p)-1 apply to the volume of coating as applied, 

less water and less exemUt VOC Table 20(p)-1 establishes the minimum low 

solvent content coating technology pursuant to subsection (bb)(1)(A) of this 

section; 

Notwithstanding subdivisions (1)(B) (1)(C) and (2) through (6) of subsection 

(bb) of this section install operate and maintain according to the manufacturer's 

recommendations an emissions control system that reduces uncontrolled VOC 

emissions to the atmosphere from a coating unit by an overall control efficiency 

of at least 90%; or 

An alternative means achieving a level of control equivalent to subparagraph (A) 

_or (_B) of this subdivision requested from and approved by the commissioner in 

accordance with subsection (cc) of this section. 

Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

New and used VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent, including a coatin~ 

mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. 

Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the container is 

bein~ filled emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

` Spills and leaks of VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be 

minimized Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent 

shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

Absorbent 4pplicators such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOCcontaining coatings or cleaning solvent shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, 

non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; 

VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location 

to another in a closed container or pine; and 

(E) Cleaning shall be performed to minimize associated VOC emissions. 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

10 

Table 20(p)-1. As-Applied VOC Content Limits Per Volume of Coating (Excluding Water 

and Exempt VOC) per Coating Catezory, Specific to the Drying Process 

Coating Categorv Ba ked Air Dried 

/g-L Ib/gal /g-L lb/~ 

General one component 275 2-3 _275 2 .3 

General multi-component 275 2-3 _340 

_ 

2.8 

Extreme high loss 360 3-0 _340 

_ 

2.8 

Extreme performance 360 3-0 _420 

_ 

3 .5 

Heat-resistant 360 3-0 _420 

_ 

3 .5 

Metallic 420 3-5 _420 

_ 

3.5 

Pretreatment coatin gs 420 3-5 _420 

_ 

3.5 

Solar-absorbent 360 3-0 420 

_ 

3 .5 

.(7) Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection 

as follows: 

All such records shall be: 

Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request and 

ii Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; 

(B~ Owners and operators of sources using add-on control technology in accordance 

with subdivision (5)(B) of this subsection shall maintain records demonstrating 

compliance with the required level of control; 

An owner or operator of any metal furniture operation using an application 

method in accordance with subdivision (4)(G) of this subsection shall maintain 

records demonstrating the transfer efficiency achieved; and 

D~ Additional information sufficient to demonstrate compliance may include the 

following: 

Name and quantity of any coating or cleaning solvent used, 

ii VOC content of each coating or solvent used as applied and 

A catalog of Materials Safety Data Sheets for all coatings and solvents 

used. 
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DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(q) 

(1) 

. [Paper coating.] Paper, film and foil coating 

Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

["Knife coating" means the application of a coating material to a substrate by means of drawing 

the substrate beneath a knife that spreads the coating evenly over the full width of the substrate. 

"Paper coating" means coatings put on paper and pressure sensitive tapes regardless of substrate 

by knife, roll or rotogravure coating. Related web coating processes on plastic film and 

decorative, protective or functional coatings on metal foil are included in this definition . 

"Roll coating" means the application of a coating material to a substrate across the entire width 

of a web by means of hard rubber or steel rolls. _ 

"Rotogravure coating" means the application of a coating material to a substrate by means of a 

roll coating technique in which the pattern to be applied is etched on the coating roll . The coating 

material is picked up in these recessed areas and is transferred to the substrate. 

(2) The owner or operator of a paper coating facility shall not cause or permit the discharge 

into the atmosphere of any volatile organic compounds from any coating in excess of 0.35 

kilograms per liter of coating (2.9 pounds per gallon), excluding water and exempt volatile 

organic compounds listed in 40 CFR 51 .100(s) as amended from time to time, delivered to the 

coating applicator from a paper coating line .] 

CAI "Air pollution control equipment efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions 

recovered or destroyed by air pollution control equipment to the total VOC 

emissions that are introduced into the air pollution control equipment, expressed 

as a percentage ; 

"Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the air 

pollution control equipment to the total VOC emissions resulting from paper, film 

and foil coating and related cleaning expressed as a percentage ; 

"Coating" means a material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for 

decorative protective or functional purposes. A material used to form an 

unsupported substrate such as vinyl sheeting blown film, cast film or extruded 

film, is not considered a "coating;" 

"Coating line" means a series of coating a 

equipment and intermittent areas between one or more unwind or feed stations 

and one or more rewind or cutting stations; 

E~ "Non-absorbent container" means a container made of nonporous material that 

does not allow the migration of the liquid solvent through its walls, floor or lid; 

"Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

air pollution control equipment efficiency; 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

"Paper, film and foil coating" means the application of a continuous la er of 

coating across the width or any portion of the width of a p4per, film or foil 

substrate to_ create a functional or protective layer; saturate a substrate for 

lamination ; or provide adhesion between two substrates for laminati on; 

12 

"Pressure sensitive adhesive" means adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is 

applied, without activation via solvent water or heat; and 

"Pressure sensitive tape and label coating" means the application of a pressure 

sensitive adhesive to a film carrier or face material . 

)] Q Applicability. 

The provisions of this subsection apply to: 

01 An owner or operator of any premises that has actual emissions of VOC _of 

at least [fifteen (15)] 15 pounds per day [or more in any one day] from 

paper, film and foil coating and related cleaning [operations] , prior to the 

use of controls , or 

ii An owner or operator conducting _paper film and foil coating that became 

subject to this subsection on and after October 1 1989. [After October 1, 

1989 any premises that is or becomes subject to the provisions of this 

subsection shall remain subject to the provisions of this subsection 

regardless of the daily actual emissions. Notwithstanding the above, the 

owner or operator of any piece of equipment that was not required to meet 

control requirements by this subsection prior to October l, 1989, shall 

have until October 1, 1990, to comply with the control requirements of 

this subsection for that piece of equipment.] 

Any owner or operator conducting _paper film and foil coatinp shall: 

01 Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than Januarv l 

2010 or, for a source commencing operation after January 1 2010 the 

date on which the source commences operation and 

ii Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC 

emissions . 

[(4)] fD Exemptions and exceptions . The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to 

the following activities: 

(A) Coating performed on any coating line [with a continuous web] that has both 

paper coating and printing stations and that is [subject to the requirements of 

section 22a-174-20(v) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies.] 

conducted pursuant to subsection (v) of this sectio n; 

The application of sizing or water-based clays in association with the use of a 

papermaking machine; or 
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DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

The application of inks coatings or adhesives in association with flexible package 

printing conducted pursuant to subsection (ffJ of this section or offset lithographic 

or letterpress printing conducted pursuant to subsection (gg) of this section. 

Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection or except for paper, film and foil 

coating subject to subdivision (5) of this subsection only coatings with an as applied VOC 

content less than or equal to 350 grams per liter of coating excluding the volume of any water 

and exempt compounds shall be used for paper, film and foil coating. 

Additional requirements The owner and operator of any paper, film and foil coating line 

with a potential to emit greater than 25 tons per year, prior to the use of controls shall use one of 

the following methods to control emissions of VOCs: 

fAj Use only coatings that result in VOC emissions no greater than the applicable 

emission limit of subparagraph (A)(i) or A2ii) of this subdivision, calculated 

either per coating or per coating line as provided in subparagraph (A)(iii) of this 

subdivision The limits of subparagraphs (A)(i) and (A)(ii) of this subdivision 

establish the level of minimum low solvent content coating technology pursuant 

to subsection (bb)(1)(A) of this section: 

01 For all coatings except pressure sensitive tape and label coatings, use only 

coatings that result in VOC emissions no greater than 0.40 kilograms of 

VOCper kilogram of coating solids applied, 

01i Use only pressure sensitive tape and label coatings that result in VOC 

emissions no greater than 0.20 kg VOC/kg of coating solids aptffled, and 

iii The VOC emissions limits of subparag-raphs (A)(i) and (A)(ii) of this 

subdivision may be met either if every coating applied individually meets 

the applicable emission limit or if the daily weighted average of the VOC 

content of evM coating used on a single coating line meets. the applicable 

emission limit 

B~ Notwithstanding subdivisions (1)(B), (1)(C) and 2) throu hgh (6) of subsection 

(bb) of this section install operate and maintain according to the manufacturer's 

recommendations an emissions control system that reduces uncontrolled VOC 

emissions to the atmosphere from a coating line by an overall control efficiency 

of at least 90%; or 

An alternative means achieving _a level of control equivalent to subparagraph (A) 

of this subdivision requested from and approved by the commissioner in 

accordance with subsection (cc) of this section. 

Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

New and used VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent, including a coating 

mixed on the premises shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the container is 

B Spills and leaks of VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be 

minimized. AU leaked or spilled VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent 

shall be absorbed and removed immediately' 

Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOC 

containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be stored in a closed nonabsorbent 

non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; 

14 

VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location 

to another in a closed container or pipe; and 

Cleaning shall be performed to minimize associated VOC emissions. 

Q) Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection 

as follows: 

W All such records shall be: 

Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy gpon request and 

ii Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; 

Owners and operators of sources using add-on control technology in accordance 

with subdivision (5)(B) of this subsection shall maintain records demonstrating 

compliance with the required level of control; and 

Additional information sufficient to demonstrate compliance may include the 

following: 

Name and Quantity of any coating or cleaning solvent used, 

ii VOC content of each coating or solvent used as applied, and 

iii A catalog of Materials Safety Data Sheets for all coatings and solvents 

used. 

Sec 7. Subdivision (2)(B) of subsection (s) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of 

Connecticut State Agencies is amended to read as follows : 

(B) Miscellaneous metal parts and products excludes the following items : 

(i) automobiles and light duty trucks, 

(ii) metal cans, 
15 

DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(iii) flat metal sheets and strips in the form of rolls or coils, 

(iv) plastic and glass objects, 

(v) magnet wire for use in electrical machinery, 

(vi) metal furniture, 

(vii) the exterior surface of assembled aircraft, 

(viii) automobile refinishing, 

(ix) customized top coating of automobiles and trucks, if production is less 

than 5 vehicles per day, [and] 

(x) the exterior surface of assembled marine vessels[ .] , and 

xi large appliance parts subject to subsection (hh) of this section. 

Sec 8. Subsection (ee) of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies is amended to read as follows: 

(ce) [Reasonably Available Control Technology for large sources. The owner or operator 

of any premises with potential emissions of volatile organic compounds shall use Reasonably 

Available Control Technology in accordance with the provisions of section 22a-174-32 of the 

Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies on each source to limit the discharge of volatile 

organic compounds unless all the sources emitting volatile organic compounds at such premises 

are regulated by: 

(1) subsections (a), (b) or (Z) through (y), inclusive, of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations 

of Connecticut State Agencies; 

(2) section 22a-174-30 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies; or 

(3) an order to implement reasonably available control technology issued by the 

Commissioner pursuant to this subsection prior to November 15, 1992 and approved by the 

Administrator prior to May 31, 1995 . An order or permit to limit potential emissions of volatile 

organic compounds to less than 100 tons per year for any twelve (12) consecutive months shall 

not be considered an order to implement Reasonably Available Control Technology.] Reserved. 
DRAFT - March_ 25, 2009 

16 

Sec. 9. Section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies is amended by 

adding subsections (ff), (gg), (hh), (ii) and (jj), as follows: 

) 

(ff) Flexible package printing. 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Air pollution control equipment efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions 

recovered or destroyed by the air pollution control equipment to the total VOC 

emissions that are introduced into the air pollution control equipment, expressed 

as a percentage; 

(B) "Capture efficiency" the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the air pollution 

control equipment to the total VOC emissions resulting from flexible package 

printing activities, expressed as a percentage ; 

(C) "Cleaning" means, with respect to a flexible package printing press or presses, 

cleaning of a press or press parts or the removal of dried ink from areas around 

the press. "Cleaning" does not include cleaning of electronic components, 

cleaning in platemaking or binding operations, housekeeping activity near a press 

or the use of a parts washer or cold cleaner; 

(D) "Flexible package" means any package or part of a package the shape of which 

may be readily changed. A "flexible package" may be in the form of a bag, 

pouch, liner or wrap made of paper, plastic, film, aluminum foil, or metalized or 

coated film or paper, alone or in combination. None of the following are 

considered a "flexible package": a folding carton, self-adhesive labels, gift wrap, 

wall covering, vinyl products, decorative laminates, floor coverings or tissue 

products; 

(E) "Flexographic print station" means a work station on which a flexographic 

printing operation is conducted. A flexographic print station includes a 

flexographic printing plate, which is an image made of rubber or other 

elastomeric material. The image to be printed is raised above the printing plate; 

(F) "Installation date" means the first date on which a piece of equipment is in place 

and prepared to operate. The "installation date" does not change if the equipment 

is moved to a new location at the same premises; 

(G) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

air pollution control equipment efficiency; 

(H) 

(I) 

"Press" means a printing production assembly that is composed of one or more 

work stations, one or more of which is a flexographic or rotogravure print station, 

that produces a printed product; 

"Rotogravure print station" means a work station on which a rotogravure printing 

operation is conducted. A rotogravure print station includes a rotogravure 
17 

DRAFT - March 25,200 9 

cylinder and ink supply . The image to be printed is etched or engraved below the 

surface of the rotogravure cylinder ; and 

(J) "Work station" means a unit on a press where material is deposited onto a 

substrate. 

(2) Applicability. The provisions of this subsection apply to the owner or operator of any 

flexible package printing press with actual emissions from all flexible package printing and 

cleaning activities at a premises of at least 6.8 kilograms per day (15 pounds per day) of VOC 

prior to the use of air pollution control equipment. Any owner or operator of a flexible package 

printing operation who is subject to this subsection shall : 

(A) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 2010 or, 

for a source commencing operation after January 1, 2010, the date on which the 

source commences operation; and 

(B) Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC emissions. 

Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices : 

(A) New and used VOC-containing ink, coating or cleaning solvent, including ink or 

coating mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking 

container. Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the 

container is being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of VOC-containing ink, coating or cleaning solvent shall be 

minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing ink, coating or cleaning 

solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOCcontaining ink, coating or solvent, shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, nonleaking container for disposal or recycling; 

(D) VOC-containing ink, coating and cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one 

location to another in a closed container or pipe; and 

(E) Cleaning shall be performed to minimize associated VOC emissions. 

(4) Additional requirements. The owner or operator of a flexible package printing press that 

has the potential to emit from the dryer, prior to controls, of at least 25 tons per year of VOC 

from the use of inks, coatings and adhesives combined shall, in addition to complying with the 

requirements of subdivision (3) of this subsection, use one of the following methods to control 

VOC emissions from such press : 

(A) Use only inks, coatings and adhesives with an as applied VOC content that does 

not exceed 0 .8 kg VOC/kg of solids (0.81b VOC/lb of solids) or 0.16 kg VOC/kg 

of materials (0.16 lb VOC/lb of materials). The VOC content limits be met by 

averaging the VOC content of materials used on a single printing line in a single 

day; or 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

18 

(B) Install, operate and maintain in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations, an emissions control system, consisting of a capture and a 

control device, which meets the overall control efficiency identified in Table 

20(ff)-1, according to the date of installation of the press being controlled and the 

installation date of the air pollution control device . 

(5) Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection, 

as follows : 

(A) All such records shall be: 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; and 

(B) Information sufficient to determine compliance may include the following: 

(i) Name and quantity of any ink, coating or cleaning solvent used, 

(ii) VOC content of each ink, coating or cleaning solvent used, as applied, 

(iii) A catalog of Material Safety Data Sheets for all inks, coatings and 

cleaning solvents used, 

(iv) Documentation of air pollution control equipment efficiency or capture 

efficiency, if applicable, and 

(v) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control or 

capture equipment, if applicable . 

Installation date of press Installation date of the air pollution control 

device 

Overall control 

e icienc 

Prior to March 14, 1995 Prior to Jan 1, 2010 65 

Prior to March 14, 1995 On or after January 1, 2010 70 

On or after March 14, 1995 Prior to January 1, 2010 75 

~ On or after March 14, 1995 ~ On or after January 1, 2010 80 

Table 20 -1 . Overall control efficienc levels 
19 

DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(gg) Offset lithographic printing and letterpress printing 

(1) Definitions . For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Air pollution control equipment efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions 

recovered or destroyed by air pollution control equipment to the total VOC 

emissions that are introduced into the air pollution control equipment, expressed 

as a percentage ; 

(B) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the air 

pollution control equipment to the total VOC emissions resulting from offset 

lithographic or letterpress printing, expressed as a percentage ; 

(C) "Cleaning solvent" means a VOC-containing liquid used to remove ink and debris 

from the operating surfaces of the printing press and its parts; 

(D) "Coldset" or "non-heatset" means a printing process in which the ink dries on the 

substrate through ordinary evaporation and absorption; 

(E) "Fountain solution" means, with respect to offset lithographic printing, a waterbased solution that contains small amounts of gum Arabic or synthetic resins, 

acids, buffer salts and a wetting agent or dampening aid applied to the image plate 

to reduce the surface tension of the solution; 

(F) "Heatset" means a printing process in which ink is set by the evaporation of ink 

solvents or oils in a hot air dryer; 

(G) "Installation date" means the first date on which a piece of equipment is in place 

and prepared to operate. The "installation date" does not change if the equipment 

is moved to a new location at the same facility; 

) 

(1) 

(J) 

"Letterpress printing" means a printing process in which the image area is raised 

relative to the non-image area, and the paste ink is transferred to the substrate 

directly from the image surface; 

"Lithographic printing" means a printing process in which the image and nonimage areas are chemically differentiated, i.e ., the image area is oil receptive and 

the non-image area is water receptive; 

"Offset lithographic printing" means a type of lithographic printing in which an 

ink film is applied to a lithographic plate and then transferred to an intermediary 

surface or blanket. The image on the blanket is then transferred to a substrate, 

typically paper or paperboard; 

(K) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

air pollution control equipment efficiency; 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(L) "Press" means a printing production assembly composed of one or more units 

used to produce a printed substrate including any associated coating, spray 

powder application or infrared heating units; 

(M) 

) 

20 

"Sheet-fed printing" means, with respect to offset lithographic printing, a process 

in which individual sheets of paper or other substrate are fed to the press; 

"VOC composite partial vapor pressure" means the sum of the partial pressure of 

the compounds defined as VOCs; and 

(O) "Web printing" means, with respect to offset lithographic printing, a process 

where continuous rolls of substrate material are fed to the press and rewound or 

cut to size after printing. 

(2) Applicability. The provisions of this subsection apply to the owner or operator of any 

offset lithographic or letterpress printing press or presses with actual emissions from offset 

lithographic or letterpress printing and related cleaning of at least 6.8 kilograms per day (15 

pounds per day) of VOC prior to the use of air pollution control equipment. Any owner or 

operator of an offset lithographic or letterpress printing operation who is subject to this 

subsection shall: 

(A) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 2010 or, 

for a source that commences operation after January 1, 2010, the date on which 

the source commences operation; and 

(B) Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC emissions. 

(3) Fountain solutions. 

(A) The owner or operator of a heatset web offset lithographic printing press with a 

fountain solution reservoir of at least one gallon in capacity shall: 

(i) Reduce the on-press alcohol content to 1 .6% alcohol or less by weight, 

(ii) Use 3% alcohol or less by weight on-press in the fountain solution and 

refrigerate the fountain solution to below 60°F, or 

(iii) Use a 5% alcohol substitute or less by weight on-press and no alcohol in 

the fountain solution . 

(B) The owner of a sheet-fed offset lithographic printing press with a minimum sheet 

size of greater than l 1x17 inches and a fountain solution reservoir greater than 

one gallon in capacity shall: 

(i) Reduce the on-press alcohol content to 5% alcohol or less by weight, 

(ii) Use 8.5% alcohol or less by weight on-press in the fountain solution and 

refrigerate the fountain solution to below 60°F, or 
21 

DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(iii) Use 5% alcohol substitute or less by weight on-press and no alcohol in the 

fountain solution . 

(C) The owner of a coldset web offset lithographic printing press with a fountain 

solution reservoir of at least one gallon in capacity shall use a 5% alcohol 

substitute or less by weight on-press and no alcohol in the fountain solution . 

(4) Heatset web offset lithographic printing or heatset letterpress printing . Except heatset 

presses for book printing or heatset presses with a web width of 22 inches or less, the owner or 

operator of a heatset web offset lithographic or heatset letterpress printing press with the 

potential to emit at least 25 tons per year of VOC emissions from the dryer, prior to controls, 

shall operate a control device to : 

(A) Achieve a 90% control efficiency if the control device is installed prior to 

January 1, 2010; 

(B) Achieve a 95% control efficiency if the control device is installed on or after 

January 1, 2010; or 

(C) Reduce the control device outlet concentration to 20 parts per million as hexane 

on a dry basis if the inlet VOC concentration is so low that 90% or 95% efficiency 

may not be achieved. 

(5) Cleaning solvents . The owner or operator of an offset lithographic printing press or 

letterpress printing press: 

(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision, shall use cleaning 

solvents that: 

(i) Have composite vapor pressure less than 10 mm Hg at 20°C, or 

(ii) Have a VOC content less than 70% by weight; and 

(B) May in any twelve-month period use no more than 110 gallons of cleaning 

solvent that does not comply with subparagraph (A) of this subdivision. 

(6) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

(A) New and used VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvent, 

including solvents mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, nonleaking container. Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when 

the container is being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvent 

shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing ink, fountain solution 

or cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

22 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with VOCcontaining ink, fountain solution or cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, 

nonabsorbent, non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; 

(D) VOC-containing ink, fountain solution and cleaning solvents shall be conveyed 

from one location to another in closed containers or pipes; and 

(E) Cleaning shall be performed to minimize associated VOC emissions. 

(7) Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection, 

as follows : 

(A) All such records shall be: 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; and 

(B) Information sufficient to determine compliance may include the following: 

(i) Name and quantity of any ink, fountain solution, cleaning solvent and any 

other material used for operation, maintenance or cleaning, 

(ii) VOC content of materials used, as applied, 

(iii) A catalog of Material Safety Data Sheets for all inks, fountain solutions 

and cleaning solvents, 

(iv) Documentation of air pollution control equipment efficiency or capture 

efficiency, if applicable, and 

(v) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control 

equipment or capture equipment, if applicable. 

(hh) Large appliance coatings. 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Air dried" means cured at a temperature below 90° C (194°F); 

(B) "Air pollution control equipment efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions 

recovered or destroyed by air pollution control equipment to the total VOC 

emissions that are introduced into the air pollution control equipment, expressed 

as a percentage; 
23 

DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(C) "As applied" means the composition of coating at the time it is applied to a 

surface, including any solvent, catalyst or other substance added to the coating as 

supplied by the manufacturer ; 

(D) "Baked" means cured at a temperature at or above 90°C (194°F); 

(E) "Cleaning solvent" means any VOC-containing liquid used in a large appliance 

coating operation; 

(F) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the air 

pollution control equipment to the total VOC emissions resulting from large 

appliance coating and related cleaning ; expressed as a percentage; 

(G) "Coating" means a material that is applied to a surface and that forms a 

continuous film in order to beautify or protect such surface; 

(H) "Coating unit" means a series of one or more coating applicators and any 

associated drying area or oven wherein a coating is applied, dried or cured. A 

"coating unit" ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to any 

subsequent application of a different coating; 

(1) "Dip coating" means a method of applying a coating to a surface by submersion 

into and removal from a coating bath; 

(J) "Electrostatic application" means a method of applying coating particles or 

coating droplets to a grounded surface by electrically charging such particles or 

droplets ; 

(K) "Extreme high-gloss coating" means a coating that, when tested by the most 

recent active version of the American Society for Testing Material Test Method 

D523, shows a reflectance of 75 or more on a 60 degree meter; 

(L) "Extreme-performance coating" means a coating used on a metal surface where 

the coated surface is, in its intended use, subject to one of the following 

conditions : 

(i) 

(M) 

Chronic exposure to corrosive, caustic or acidic agents, chemicals, 

chemical fumes, chemical mixtures or solution, 

(ii) Repeated exposure to temperatures in excess of 121 .1'C (250°F), or 

(iii) Repeated heavy abrasion, including mechanical wear and repeated 

scrubbing with industrial grade solvents, cleaners or scouring agents ; 

"Flow coating" means a non-atomized technique of applying coating to a 

substrate using a fluid nozzle in a fan pattern with no air supplied to the nozzle ; 

"Heat-resistant coating" means a coating that must withstand a temperature of at 

least 400° F during normal use; 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

24 

(O) "HVLP spray" means a high-volume, low-pressure coating application system 

that is designed to operate at air pressures between 0.1 and 10 pounds per square 

inch gauge, measured dynamically at the center of the air cap and the air horns; 

(P) 

(Q) 

"Large appliance coating" means the application of a coating to a large appliance 

part or product during manufacture. 

"Large appliance part" means any organic, surface-coated metal lid, door, casing, 

panel or other interior or exterior metal part or accessory that is assembled to form 

a large appliance product; 

(R) "Large appliance product" means any organic surface-coated metal range, oven, 

microwave oven, refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, dishwasher, water heater or 

trash compactor manufactured for household, commercial or recreational use; 

(S) "Metallic coating" means a coating that contains more than five grams of metal 

particle per liter of coating, as applied; 

(T) "Multi-component coating" means a coating requiring the addition of a separate 

reactive resin, such as a catalyst or hardener, before application to form an 

acceptable dry film; 

(U) "One-component coating" means a coating that is ready for application as 

packaged for sale, except for the addition of a thinner to reduce the viscosity; 

(V) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

air pollution control equipment efficiency; 

(W) "Pretreatment coating" means a coating, containing no more than 12% solids by 

weight and at least one-half percent acid by weight, applied directly to metal 

surfaces to provide surface etching, adhesion and ease when stripping; 

(Y) 

"Repair coating" means a coating used to recoat portions of a product that has 

sustained mechanical damage to the coating following normal painting 

operations ; 

"Roll coating" means a coating method using a machine that applies coating to a 

substrate by continuously transferring coating through a set of oppositely rotating 

rollers; 

(Z) "Stencil coating" means an ink or a coating that is rolled or brushed onto a 

template or stamp to add identifying letters or numbers to metal parts or products; 

(AA) "Solar-absorbent coating" means a coating which has, as its primary purpose, the 

absorption of solar radiation; and 
25 

DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(BB) "Touch-up coating" means a coating used to cover minor coating imperfections 

appearing after the main coating operation. 

(2) Applicability. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, the provisions of 

this subsection apply to an owner or operator of any large appliance coating unit on a premises 

with total actual emissions from all large appliance coating and related cleaning activities of at 

least 6.8 kilograms per day (15 pounds per day) of VOC prior to the use of air pollution control 

equipment. Any such owner or operator shall : 

(A) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 2010 or, 

for a source commencing operation after January 1, 2010, the date on which the 

source commences construction ; and 

(B) Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC 

emissions. 

(3) Exemptions and exceptions . The requirements of subdivision (5) of this subsection shall 

not apply to the following: 

(A) Stencil coating; 

(B) Safety-indicating coating; 

(C) Solid-film lubricant; 

(D) Electric-insulating and thermal-conducting coating; 

(E) Touch-up and repair coating; or 

(F) Coating applied with a hand-held aerosol can. 

(4) Application methods. A person shall not apply a VOC-containing coating to any large 

appliance part or product unless the coating is applied by one of the following methods using 

equipment operated in accordance with the specifications of the equipment manufacturer: 

(A) Electrostatic application; 

(B) Flow coating; 

(C) Dip coating; 

(D) Roll coating; 

(E) HVLP spraying; 

(F) Hand application; or 

(G) Any other coating application method capable of achieving a transfer efficiency 

equivalent to or better than that provided by HVLP spray application. Any owner 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

or operator using an application method pursuant to this subparagraph shall 

maintain records demonstrating the transfer efficiency achieved. 

26 

(5) Compliance options. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, on and 

after January 1, 2010, no owner or operator conducting large appliance coating shall apply any 

coating, inclusive of any VOC-containing materials added to the original coating supplied by the 

manufacturer, unless the owner or operator uses one of the following methods to control 

emissions of VOCs : 

(A) Use only coatings with an as applied VOC content no greater than the levels 

specified in Table 20(hh)-1, according to coating category and drying method, 

where : 

(i) The VOC content limits of Table 20(hh)-1 apply to the volume of coating 

as applied, less water and less exempt VOC, and 

(ii) The VOC content limits of Table 20(hh)-1 may be met by averaging the 

VOC content of materials used on a single large appliance coating unit 

each day; 

(B) Install, operate and maintain in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations, an emissions control system, consisting of a capture and 

control device, which meets an overall control efficiency of 90%; or 

(C) With the approval of the commissioner, use an alternative means to achieve a 

level of control equivalent to that required in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this 

subdivision. An owner or operator shall submit a request to the commissioner to 

use an alternative means of compliance, and such request shall include: 

(i) A description of the method, 

(ii) A demonstration of the level of emissions control achieved, and 

(iii) Any other information requested by the commissioner. 

(6) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

(A) New and used VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent, including a coating 

mixed on the premises, shall be stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. 

Such a container shall be kept closed at all times except when the container is 

being filled, emptied or is otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent shall be 

minimized. Any leaked or spilled VOC-containing coating or cleaning solvent 

shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 
27 

DRAFT - March 25,200 9 

(C) ~ Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with a VOCcontaining coating or cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, 

non-leaking container for disposal or recycling; 

(D) VOC-containing coating and cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one 

location to another in a closed container or pipe; and 

(E) Cleaning shall be performed to minimize associated VOC emissions. 

Table 20(hh)-1. As Applied VOC Content Limits Per Volume of Coating 

(Excluding Water and Exempt VOCs) per Coating Category, Specific to 

Coating Category Baked Air Dried 

g/L lb/gal g/L lb/gal 

General, one component 275 2.3 275 2.3 

General, multi-component 275 2.3 340 2.8 

Extreme high gloss 360 3.0 340 2.8 

Extreme performance 360 3.0 420 3 .5 

Heat-resistant 360 3.0 420 3 .5 

Metallic 420 3 .5 420 3.5 

Pretreatment coatings 420 3 .5 420 3.5 

Solar-absorbent 360 3 .0 420 3.5 

(7) Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection, 

as follows: 

(A) All such records shall be : 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; and 

(B) Information sufficient to determine compliance may include the following: 

(i) Name and quantity of any coating or cleaning solvent used, 

(ii) VOC content of each coating and cleaning solvent used, as applied, 

(iii) A catalog of Material Safety Data Sheets for each coating and cleaning 

solvent used, 

the D in Process 

(iv) Documentation of air pollution control equipment efficiency or capture 

efficiency, if applicable, and 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(v) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control 

equipment or capture equipment, if applicable. 

(ii) General solvent cleaning. 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Air pollution control equipment efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions 

recovered or destroyed by the air pollution control equipment to the total VOC 

emissions that are introduced into the air pollution control equipment, expressed 

as a percentage ; 

28 

(B) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the air 

pollution control equipment to the total VOC emissions resulting from the solvent 

cleaning activities, expressed as a percentage ; 

(C) "Cleaning solvent" means any VOC-containing liquid used to perform solvent 

cleaning ; 

(D) "Janitorial cleaning" means the cleaning of building or facility components 

including, but not limited to, floors, ceilings, walls, windows, doors, stairs, 

restrooms, furnishings and exterior surfaces of office equipment. "Janitorial 

cleaning" excludes the cleaning of work areas where manufacturing or repair 

activity is performed. "Janitorial cleaning" includes graffiti removal; 

(E) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

air pollution control equipment efficiency; and 

(F) "Solvent cleaning" means the use of cleaning solvent to remove uncured 

adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings or contaminants such as dirt, soil and 

grease from parts, products, tools, machinery, equipment or work areas . 

(2) Applicability. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, the provisions of this subsection apply to an owner or operator of any premises with actual emissions from solvent 

cleaning of at least 6.8 kilograms per day (15 pounds per day) of VOC prior to the use of air 

pollution control equipment. Any owner or operator of such a premises shall: 

(A) Comply with the requirements of this subsection no later than January 1, 2010 or, 

for a source commencing operation after January 1, 2010, the date on which the 

sources commences operation; and 

(B) Remain subject to this subsection regardless of actual daily VOC. emissions from 

solvent cleaning. 

(3) Exemptions and exceptions . 

(A) The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to the use of cleaning solvent 

as follows: 
29 

DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(i) In janitorial cleaning, 

(ii) At an aerospace manufacturing and rework operation or a 

wood furniture coating operation in accordance with an order or a permit 

issued pursuant to sections 22a-174-32(e) and 22a-174-20(cc) of the 

Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, 

(iii) To perform general solvent cleaning in accordance with an order issued 

pursuant to section 22a-I74-20(ee) of the Regulations of the Connecticut 

State Agencies, 

(iv) At an aerospace manufacturing and rework facility where cleaning solvent 

is used in accordance with 40 CFR 63, 

(v) As surface preparation or cleanup solvent in accordance with section 

22a-174-44 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, 

(vi) To clean spray application equipment in compliance with subsection (jj) 

of this section, 

(vii) To perform metal cleaning in compliance with subsection (~ of this 

section, 

(viii) In cleaning, including surface preparation prior to coating, necessary to 

meet a standard or specification of the United States Department of 

Defense, 

(ix) Associated with research and development, 

(x) Associated with quality control or laboratory testing, 

(xi) Associated with medical device operations, 

(xii) Associated with pharmaceutical manufacturing, and 

(xiii) That exceeds the applicable limit of subdivision (4)(A) of this subsection 

where the quantity used does not exceed 55 gallons per any twelve-month 

rolling aggregate. Any person claiming exemption pursuant to this 

subparagraph shall record and maintain monthly records sufficient to 

demonstrate compliance with this exemption. 

(4) Control of emissions. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, any owner 

or operator performing solvent cleaning shall use one of the following methods to limit VOC 

emissions: 

(A) Use only cleaning solvent that complies with one of the following limitations: 
DRAFT - March 25z 2009 

(i) As applied, has a VOC content that does not exceed 50 grams per liter 

(0.42 lb/gal), or 

(ii) As applied, has a vapor pressure no greater than 8 mm Hg at 20°C; or 

(B) Install, operate and maintain in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations, an emissions control system that reduces uncontrolled VOC 

emissions to the atmosphere from any solvent cleaning by an bverall control 

efficiency of at least 85%. 

(5) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

(A) New and used cleaning solvent, including those mixed on the premises, shall be 

stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. Such a container shall be kept 

closed at all times except when the container is being filled, emptied or is 

otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of cleaning solvent shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled 

cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

30 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper, which are moistened with 

cleaning solvent, shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, non-leaking container 

for disposal or recycling; 

(D) Cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location to another in a closed 

container or pipe; and 

(E) Cleaning shall be performed to minimize associated VOC emissions. 

(6) Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection, 

as follows: 

(A) All such records shall be: 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; and 

(B) Information sufficient to determine compliance may include the following: 

(i) Name and quantity of each cleaning solvent used, 

(ii) VOC content or vapor pressure of each cleaning solvent, as applied, 

(iii) A Material Safety Data Sheets for each cleaning solvent used, 
31 

DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(iv) Documentation of air pollution control equipment efficiency or capture 

efficiency, if applicable, 

(v) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control or 

capture equipment, if applicable, and 

(vi) Quantity of non-compliant solvent used, in gallons, for each month. 

(jj) Spray application equipment cleaning. 

(1) Definitions. For the purpose of this subsection : 

(A) "Air pollution control equipment efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions 

recovered or destroyed by the air pollution control equipment to the total VOC 

emissions that are introduced into the air pollution control equipment, expressed 

as a percentage; 

(B) "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions delivered to the air 

pollution control equipment to the total VOC emissions resulting from spray 

application equipment cleaning, expressed as a percentage ; 

(C) "Cleaning solvent" means any VOC-containing liquid used to clean spray 

application equipment; 

"Enclosed gun cleaner" means a device, used for cleaning spray application 

equipment, which has an enclosed cleaning solvent container and either : 

) 

(i) Is not open to the ambient air when in use and has a mechanism to force 

the cleaning solvent through the spray application equipment while the 

cleaner is in operation, or 

(ii) Uses non-atomized solvent flow to flush the spray application equipment 

and collects and returns the discharged cleaning solvent to the enclosed 

container; 

(E) "Overall control efficiency" means the product of the capture efficiency and the 

air pollution control equipment efficiency ; and 

(F) "Spray application equipment" means a hand-held device that creates an atomized 

mist of coating, or other liquid substance, and deposits the coating, or other liquid 

substance, on a substrate. 

(2) Applicability. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, on and after 

January 1, 2010, the provisions of this subsection apply to an owner or operator of any spray 

application equipment. 

(3) Exemptions and exceptions. 
DRAFT - March 25 2009 

(A) The requirements of this subsection shall not apply to cleaning of spray 

application equipment as follows: 

(i) 

32 

Associated with automotive refinishing and conducted pursuant to section 

22a-174-3b(d) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, 

(ii) Pursuant to section 22a-174-44(d) of the Regulations of Connecticut State 

Agencies, 

(iii) Performed at an aerospace manufacturing and rework facility and in 

accordance with 40 CFR 63 .744, 

(iv) Necessary to meet a standard or specification of the United States 

Department of Defense, or 

(v) Associated with research and development, quality control or laboratory 

testing; and 

(B) The cleaning solvent VOC content limit of subparagraphs (B) through (D) of 

subdivision (4) of this subsection shall not apply to the cleaning of spray 

application equipment used in the assembly, repair and manufacture of 

submarines. 

(4) Control of emissions. An owner or operator shall clean spray application equipment in 

accordance with the requirements of one of the following subparagraphs: 

(A) Using an enclosed gun cleaner that is maintained and operated in accordance with 

the manufacturer's recommendations and the following practices: 

(i) Operate using an automated cycle, if applicable, 

(ii) If the enclosed gun cleaner is equipped with a ventilated exhaust system, 

vent vapors out of the work area and subject such vapors to capture and 

control, 

(iii) Replace cleaning solvent routinely, 

) 

(iv) Inspect hoses regularly for leaks, 

(v) If a leak is discovered, repair as soon as practicable but no later than 15 

days after discovery, and 

(vi) Ensure the lid is seated properly; 

Using only cleaning solvent with an as applied VOC content that does not exceed 

50 grams per liter (0.417 lb/gal) by placing cleaning solvent in the pressure pot 

and forcing the solvent through the gun with the atomizing cap in place, without 

the use of atomizing air. Used cleaning solvent shall be directed into a vat, drum 

or other waste container that is closed when not in use; 
33 

DRAFT -_March 25 2009 

(C) Using only cleaning solvent with an as applied VOC content that does not exceed 

50 grams per liter (0.4171b/gal) by disassembling the spray gun and cleaning the 

components and associated hoses and pumps by hand in a vat, which shall remain 

closed at all times except when in use. Components and associated hoses and 

pumps may be soaked in a vat with a capacity no greater than 20 liters . Such a 

soaking vat shall remain closed during the soaking period, except when inserting 

or removing items; 

) Using only cleaning solvent with an as applied VOC content that does not exceed 

50 grams per liter (0 .4171b/gal) by forcing cleaning solvent through the spray gun 

and directing the atomized solvent spray into a waste container that is fitted with a 

device to capture the resulting emissions; or 

(E) Installing, operating and maintaining an emissions control system that reduces 

uncontrolled VOC emissions to the atmosphere from any spray application 

equipment cleaning by an overall control efficiency of at least 85%. 

(5) Work practices. Each owner or operator shall use the following work practices: 

(A) New and used cleaning solvent, including those mixed on the premises, shall be 

stored in a nonabsorbent, non-leaking container. Such a container shall be kept 

closed at all times except when the container is being filled, emptied or is 

otherwise actively in use; 

(B) Spills and leaks of cleaning solvent shall be minimized. Any leaked or spilled 

cleaning solvent shall be absorbed and removed immediately; 

(C) Absorbent applicators, such as cloth and paper that are moistened with cleaning 

solvent shall be stored in a closed, nonabsorbent, non-leaking container for 

disposal or recycling; 

(D) Cleaning solvent shall be conveyed from one location to another in a closed 

container or pipe; 

(E) Cleaning shall be performed to minimize VOC emissions; and 

(F) Air pollution control equipment shall be operated and maintained in accordance 

with the manufacturer's recommendations. 

(6) Records. An owner or operator shall maintain records of the information necessary for 

the commissioner to determine compliance with the applicable requirements of this subsection, 

as follows: 

(A) All such records shall be: 

(i) Made available to the commissioner to inspect and copy upon request, and 
DRAFT - March 25, 2009 

(ii) Maintained for five years from the date such record is created; and 

(B) Information sufficient to determine compliance may include the following: 

(i) Name and quantity of any cleaning solvent used per calendar month, 

(ii) VOC content of cleaning solvent used, as applied, 

(iii) A Material Safety Data Sheet for each cleaning solvent used, 

(iv) Documentation of air pollution control equipment efficiency or capture 

efficiency, if applicable, and 

(v) Date and type of maintenance performed on air pollution control or 

capture equipment, if applicable . 

Sec. 10. Section 22a-174-32(b)(3) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies is 

amended to read as follows: 

34 

(3) When calculating potential emissions to determine the applicability of this section, the 

owner or operator of a premises shall include potential emissions of volatile organic compounds 

from all sources located at such premises excluding those sources which are: 

(A) subject to regulation under 40 CFR [Parts] 61 and 63 ; 

(B) required to use Best Available Control Technology or Lowest Achievable 

Emission Rate for VOCs pursuant to a federally enforceable order or permit 

which contains specific VOC emission limitations; 

(C) subject to regulation under 40 CFR [Part] 264, Subparts AA or BB, or 40 CFR 

[Part] 265, Subparts AA or BB ; 

(D) fuel burning equipment; or 

(E) subject to Reasonably Available Control Technology required pursuant to: 

(i) any one of the following subsections [(a), (b) or (1) through (y) inclusive] 

of section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies_ 

(a), (b), (1) through (y), or fff) through (ii), [J 

(ii) section 22a-174-30 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies[;] , 

or 

(iii) an order or permit requiring the implementation of Reasonably Available 

Control Technology issued by the commissioner prior to November 15, 

1992 and approved by the Administrator prior to May 31, 1995. 
35 

DRAFT -_March 25, 2009 

Sec. 11 . Section 22a-174-33(f)(6) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies is 

amended to read as follows: 

(6) [Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the owner or operator of a Title 

V source subject to 40 CFR 72 to 78, inclusive, which becomes subject to this section after 

January 1, 1998 shall submit a Title V application to the commissioner within the time provided 

by 40 CFR 72.30 or within ninety (90) days of receipt of notice from the commissioner that such 

application is required, whichever is earlier.] Reserved. 

Statement of purpose: This amendment serves the primary purpose of updating Connecticut's 

reasonably available control technology (RACT) requirements for volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs) in response' to the U.S . Environmental Protection Agency's issuance of control 

techniques guidelines (CTG) in 2006 for offset lithographic and letterpress printing, industrial 

cleaning solvents and flexible package printing [71 FR 58745] and in 2007 for metal furniture 

coating, large appliance coating and paper, film and foil coating [72 FR 57215] . The amendment 

also refines the requirements for metal cleaning; adds requirements specific to spray application 

equipment cleaning; and makes minor and technical revisions. 

Specifically : 

" The existing requirements for metal furniture and paper, film and foil coating operations 

in section 22a-174-20 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies (RCSA) are 

enhanced through the adoption of the CTG requirements, which include lower VOC 

content requirements for coatings and work practices designed to reduce VOC emissions. 

(Section 6) 

" New requirements, consistent with the CTG, are added to RCSA section 22a-174-20 for 

five source categories (flexible package printing ; offset lithographic printing; letterpress 

printing ; large appliance coating; general solvent cleaning). The requirements include 

VOC content limits for coatings, inks and solvents ; an alternative compliance route 

through the operation of air pollution control equipment; and work practices to limit 

VOC emissions from coating and solvent storage and handling. (Section 9) 

" New requirements regulating the cleaning of spray application equipment to limit VOC 

emissions are added to RCSA section 22a-174-20 . (Section 9) 

" The reactivity-based architectural coating requirements of subsections (g), (h) and (i) of 

RC SA section 22a-174-20 are deleted, given the adoption in July 2007 of more 

comprehensive requirements in RCSA section 22a-174-41 . (Sections 1, 3, 4) 

" The amendment also updates internal references, exemptions and applicability 

determinations of RC SA section 22a-174-20 with respect to additions made in the 

amendment; refines definitions; and updates the applicability determination of RCSA 

section 22a-174-32 given the adoption of the new requirements. (Sections 2, 5, 7, 8, 10) 

The VOC reductions associated with the RACT update portion of this amendment will assist 

Connecticut to attain the federal 8-hour ozone national ambient air quality standards and serve as 

directionally correct measures with respect to Connecticut's compliance with the national fine 

particulate matter standards. 

Section 11 of the amendment eliminates the reference to the federal Title V application timelines 

for Acid Rain program sources from RC SA section 22a-174-33(f), as the federal timing 

requirements apply independently.