|    | **OSHA 3143****Informational Booklet on Industrial Hygiene**Industrial HygieneU.S. Department of LaborOccupational Safety and Health AdministrationOSHA 31431998 (Revised)This informational booklet is intended to provide a generic, non-exhaustive overview of a particular standards-related topic. This publication does not itself alter or determine compliance responsibilities, which are set forth in OSHA standards themselves and the ***Occupational Safety and Health Act.*** Moreover, because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements, the reader should consult current and administrative interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the Courts.
Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission of the Federal government. Source credit is requested but not required.

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Industrial Hygiene                    
U. S. Department of Labor Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Charles N. Jeffress, Assistant Secretary

OSHA 3143 1998 (Revised)

**Contents**

What is Industrial Hygiene?How Are OSHA and Industrial Hygiene Related?What is a Worksite Analysis?How do IH's Recognize and Control Hazards?What Are Some Examples of Job Hazards?

Air Contaminants	Chemical Hazards	Biological Hazards	Physical Hazards	Ergonomic HazardsWhat Help Can OSHA Provide?	Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines	State Programs	Free Onsite Consultation	Voluntary Protection Programs	Training and Education	Electronic Information	EmergenciesRelated OSHA PublicationsStates with Approved PlansOSHA Consultation Project DirectoryOSHA Area OfficesOSHA Regional Offices**What is Industrial Hygiene?****Industrial hygiene is the science of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace	conditions that may cause workers' injury or illness. Industrial hygienists use environmental monitoring and	analytical methods to detect the extent of worker exposure and employ engineering, work practice controls, and 	other methods to control potential health hazards.
		There has been an awareness of industrial hygiene since antiquity. The environment and its relation to 	worker health was recognized as early as the fourth century BC when Hippocrates noted lead toxicity in the mining	industry. In the first century AD, Pliny the Elder, a Roman scholar, perceived health risks to those working with	zinc and sulfur. He devised a face mask made from an animal bladder to protect workers from exposure to dust and	lead fumes. In the second century AD, the Greek physician, Galen, accurately described the pathology of lead	poisoning and also recognized the hazardous exposures of copper miners to acid mists.
		In the Middle Ages, guilds worked at assisting sick workers and their families. In 1556 the German scholar,	Agricola, advanced the science of industrial hygiene even further when, in his book *De Re Metallica*, he described	the diseases of miners and prescribed preventive measures. The book included suggestions for mine ventilation and	worker protection, discussed mining accidents, and described diseases associated with mining occupations such as	silicosis.
		Industrial hygiene gained further respectability in 1700 when Bernardo Ramazzini, known as the "father of	industrial medicine," published in Italy the first comprehensive book on industrial medicine, *De Morbis Artificum	Diatriba (The Diseases of Workmen)*. The book contained accurate descriptions of the occupational diseases of most	of the workers of his time. Ramazzini greatly affected the future of industrial hygiene because he asserted that	occupational diseases should be studied in the work environment rather than in hospital wards.
		Industrial hygiene received another major boost in 1743 when Ulrich Ellenborg published a pamphlet on	occupational diseases and injuries among gold miners. Ellenborg also wrote about the toxicity of carbon monoxide,	mercury, lead, and nitric acid.
		In England in the 18th century, Percival Pott, as a result of his findings on the insidious effects of soot	on chimney sweepers, was a major force in getting the British Parliament to pass the *Chimney-Sweepers Act of 1788.*	The passage of the English Factory Acts beginning in 1833 marked the first effective legislative acts in the field	of industrial safety. The Acts, however, were intended to provide compensation for accidents rather than to control	their causes. Later, various other European nations developed workers' compensation acts, which stimulated the	adoption of increased factory safety precautions and the establishment of medical services within industrial	plants.
		In the early 20th century in the U. S., Dr. Alice Hamilton, led efforts to improve industrial hygiene. She	observed industrial conditions first hand and startled mine owners, factory managers, and state officials with	evidence that there was a correlation between worker illness and their exposure to toxins. She also presented	definitive proposals for eliminating unhealthful working conditions.
		At about the same time, U.S. federal and state agencies began investigating health conditions in industry.	In 1908, the public's awareness of occupationally related diseases stimulated the passage of compensation acts	for certain civil employees. States passed the first workers' compensation laws in 1911. And in 1913, the New York	Department of Labor and the Ohio Department of Health established the first state industrial hygiene programs. All	states enacted such legislation by 1948. In most states, there is some compensation coverage for workers contracting	occupational diseases.
		The U.S. Congress has passed three landmark pieces of legislation relating to safeguarding workers' health:	(1) *the Metal and Nonmetallic Mines Safety Act of 1966*, (2) *the Federal Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969*,	and (3) *the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Act)*. Today, nearly every employer is required to implement	the elements of an industrial hygiene and safety, occupational health, or hazard communication program and to be	responsive to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the *Act* and its regulations.**How Are OSHA and Industrial Hygiene Related?**
**Under the *Act*, OSHA develops and sets mandatory occupational safety and health requirements applicable to	the more than 6 million workplaces in the U.S. OSHA relies on, among many others, industrial hygienists to	evaluate jobs for potential health hazards. Developing and setting mandatory occupational safety and health	standards involves determining the extent of employee exposure to hazards and deciding what is needed to control	these hazards, thereby protecting the workers. Industrial hygienists, or IHs, are trained to anticipate, recognize,	evaluate, and recommend controls for environmental and physical hazards that can affect the health and well-being	of workers. More than 40 percent of the OSHA compliance officers who inspect America's workplaces are industrial	hygienists. Industrial hygienists also play a major role in developing and issuing OSHA standards to protect	workers from health hazards associated with toxic chemicals, biological hazards, and harmful physical agents. They	also provide technical assistance and support to the agency's national and regional offices. OSHA also employs	industrial hygienists who assist in setting up field enforcement procedures, and who issue technical interpretations	of OSHA regulations and standards. Industrial hygienists analyze, identify, and measure workplace hazards or	stressors that can cause sickness, impaired health, or significant discomfort in workers through chemical, physical,	ergonomic, or biological exposures. Two roles of the OSHA industrial hygienist are to spot those conditions and help	eliminate or control them through appropriate measures.

**What is a Worksite Analysis?**
**A worksite analysis is an essential first step that helps an industrial hygienist determine what jobs and 	work stations are the sources of potential problems. During the worksite analysis, the industrial hygienist measures	and identifies exposures, problem tasks, and risks. The most effective worksite analyses include all jobs,	operations, and work activities. The industrial hygienist inspects, researches, or analyzes how the particular	chemicals or physical hazards at that worksite affect worker health. If a situation hazardous to health is	discovered, the industrial hygienist recommends the appropriate corrective actions.

**How do IH's Recognize and Control Hazards?**
**Industrial hygienists recognize that engineering, work practice, and administrative controls are the primary	means of reducing employee exposure to occupational hazards. Engineering controls minimize employee exposure by	either reducing or removing the hazard at the source or isolating the worker from the hazards. 
		Engineering controls include eliminating toxic chemicals and replacing harmful toxic materials with less	hazardous ones, enclosing work processes or confining work operations, and installing general and local ventilation	systems.
		Work practice controls alter the manner in which a task is performed. Some fundamental and easily implemented	work practice controls include (1) following proper procedures that minimize exposures while operating production	and control equipment; (2) inspecting and maintaining process and control equipment on a regular basis; (3)	implementing good house-keeping procedures; (4) providing good supervision and (5) mandating that eating, drinking,	smoking, chewing tobacco or gum, and applying cosmetics in regulated areas be prohibited.
		Administrative controls include controlling employees' exposure by scheduling production and workers' tasks,	or both, in ways that minimize exposure levels. For example, the employer might schedule operations with the highest	exposure potential during periods when the fewest employees are present.
		When effective work practices and/or engineering controls are not feasible to achieve the permissible exposure	limit, or while such controls are being instituted, and in emergencies, appropriate respiratory equipment must be	used. In addition, personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety goggles, helmets, safety shoes, and 	protective clothing may also be required. To be effective, personal protective equipment must be individually	selected, properly fitted and periodically refitted; conscientiously and properly worn; regularly maintained;	and replaced as necessary.
**What Are Some Examples of Job Hazards?****To be effective in recognizing and evaluating on-the-job hazards and recommending controls, industrial	hygienists must be familiar with the hazards' characteristics. Major job risks can include air contaminants, and	chemical, biological, physical, and ergonomic hazards.**Air Contaminants****These are commonly classified as either particulate or gas and vapor contaminants. The most common particulate	contaminants include dusts, fumes, mists, aerosols, and fibers. Dusts are solid particles that are formed or	generated from solid organic or inorganic materials by reducing their size through mechanical processes such as	crushing, grinding, drilling, abrading or blasting.
		Fumes are formed when material from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air. In most cases, the solid	particles resulting from the condensation react with air to form an oxide.
		The term mist is applied to a finely divided liquid suspended in the atmosphere. Mists are generated by	liquids condensing from a vapor back to a liquid or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state such as by	splashing, foaming or atomizing. Aerosols are also a form of a mist characterized by highly respirable, minute	liquid particles.
		Fibers are solid particles whose length is several times greater than their diameter.
		Gases are formless fluids that expand to occupy the space or enclosure in which they are confined. Examples	are welding gases such as acetylene, nitrogen, helium, and argon; and carbon monoxide generated from the operation	of internal combustion engines or by its use as a reducing gas in a heat treating operation. Another example is	hydrogen sulfide which is formed wherever there is decomposition of materials containing sulfur under reducing	conditions.
		Liquids change into vapors and mix with the surrounding atmosphere through evaporation. Vapors are the	volatile form of substances that are normally in a solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure. Vapors	are the gaseous form of substances which are normally in the solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure.	They are formed by evaporation from a liquid or solid and can be found where parts cleaning and painting takes place 	and where solvents are used.**Chemical Hazards****Harmful chemical compounds in the form of solids, liquids, gases, mists, dusts, fumes, and vapors exert toxic	effects by inhalation (breathing), absorption (through direct contact with the skin), or ingestion (eating or	drinking). Airborne chemical hazards exist as concentrations of mists, vapors, gases, fumes, or solids. Some are	toxic through inhalation and some of them irritate the skin on contact; some can be toxic by absorption through the	skin or through ingestion, and some are corrosive to living tissue.
		The degree of worker risk from exposure to any given substance depends on the nature and potency of the	toxic effects and the magnitude and duration of exposure.
		Information on the risk to workers from chemical hazards can be obtained from the Material Safety Data Sheet	(MSDS) that OSHA'S *Hazard Communication Standard* requires be supplied by the manufacturer or importer to the	purchaser of all hazardous materials. The MSDS is a summary of the important health, safety, and toxicological	information on the chemical or the mixture's ingredients. Other provisions of the *Hazard Communication Standard*	require that all containers of hazardous substances in the workplace have appropriate warning and identification	labels.**Biological Hazards****These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living organisms that can cause acute and chronic infections	by entering the body either directly or through breaks in the skin. Occupations that deal with plants or animals	or their products or with food and food processing may expose workers to biological hazards. Laboratory and medical	personnel also can be exposed to biological hazards. Any occupations that result in contact with bodily fluids pose	a risk to workers from biological hazards.
		In occupations where animals are involved, biological hazards are dealt with by preventing and controlling	diseases in the animal population as well as proper care and handling of infected animals. Also, effective personal	hygiene, particularly proper attention to minor cuts and scratches, especially those on the hands and forearms,	helps keep worker risks to a minimum.
		In occupations where there is potential exposure to biological hazards, workers should practice proper	personal hygiene, particularly hand washing. Hospitals should provide proper ventilation, proper personal protective	equipment such as gloves and respirators, adequate infectious waste disposal systems, and appropriate controls	including isolation in instances of particularly contagious diseases such as tuberculosis.**Physical Hazards**
		These include excessive levels of ionizing and nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, noise, vibration,	illumination, and temperature.
		In occupations where there is exposure to ionizing radiation, time, distance, and shielding are important	tools in ensuring worker safety. Danger from radiation increases with the amount of time one is exposed to it;	hence, the shorter the time of exposure the smaller the radiation danger.
		Distance also is a valuable tool in controlling exposure to both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.	Radiation levels from some sources can be estimated by comparing the squares of the distances between the worker and	the source. For example, at a reference point of 10 feet from a source, the radiation is 1/100 of the intensity at	1 foot from the source.
		Shielding also is a way to protect against radiation. The greater the protective mass between a radioactive	source and the worker, the lower the radiation exposure.
		Nonionizing radiation also is dealt with by shielding workers from the source. Sometimes limiting exposure	times to nonionizing radiation or increasing the distance is not effective. Laser radiation, for example, cannot be	controlled effectively by imposing time limits. An exposure can be hazardous that is faster than the blinking of an	eye. Increasing the distance from a laser source may require miles before the energy level reaches a point where the	exposure would not be harmful.
		Noise, another significant physical hazard, can be controlled by various measures. Noise can be reduced by	installing equipment and systems that have been engineered, designed, and built to operate quietly; by enclosing or	shielding noisy equipment; by making certain that equipment is in good repair and properly maintained with all worn	or unbalanced parts replaced; by mounting noisy equipment on special mounts to reduce vibration; and by installing	silencers, mufflers, or baffles.
		Substituting quiet work methods for noisy ones is another significant way to reduce noise, for example,	welding parts rather than riveting them. Also, treating floors, ceilings, and walls with acoustical material can	reduce reflected or reverberant noise. In addition, erecting sound barriers at adjacent work stations around	noisy operations will reduce worker exposure to noise generated at adjacent work stations.
		It is also possible to reduce noise exposure by increasing the distance between the source and the receiver,	by isolating workers in acoustical booths, limiting workers' exposure time to noise, and by providing hearing	protection. OSHA requires that workers in noisy surroundings be periodically tested as a precaution against hearing	loss.
		Another physical hazard, radiant heat exposure in factories such as steel mills, can be controlled by	installing reflective shields and by providing protective clothing.
**Ergonomic Hazards**
		The science of ergonomics studies and evaluates a full range of tasks including, but not limited to, lifting,	holding, pushing, walking, and reaching. Many ergonomic problems result from technological changes such as increased	assembly line speeds, adding specialized tasks, and increased repetition; some problems arise from poorly designed	job tasks. Any of those conditions can cause ergonomic hazards such as excessive vibration and noise, eye strain,	repetitive motion, and heavy lifting problems. Improperly designed tools or work areas also can be ergonomic	hazards. Repetitive motions or repeated shocks over prolonged periods of time as in jobs involving sorting,	assembling, and data entry can often cause irritation and inflammation of the tendon sheath of the hands and	arms, a condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome.
		Ergonomic hazards are avoided primarily by the effective design of a job or jobsite and better designed tools	or equipment that meet workers' needs in terms of physical environment and job tasks. Through thorough worksite	analyses, employers can set up procedures to correct or control ergonomic hazards by using the appropriate	engineering controls (e.g., designing or re-designing work stations, lighting, tools, and equipment); teaching	correct work practices (e.g., proper lifting methods); employing proper administrative controls (e.g., shifting	workers among several different tasks, reducing production demand, and increasing rest breaks); and, if neces-	sary, providing and mandating personal protective equipment. Evaluating working conditions from an ergonomics	standpoint involves looking at the total physiological and psychological demands of the job on the worker.
		Overall, industrial hygienists point out that the benefits of a well-designed, ergonomic work environment can	include increased efficiency, fewer accidents, lower operating costs. and more effective use of personnel.
			In sum, industrial hygiene encompasses a broad spectrum of the working environment. Early in its history OSHA	recognized industrial hygiene as an integral part of a healthful work setting. OSHA places a high priority on using	industrial hygiene concepts in its health standards and as a tool for effective enforcement of job safety and health	regulations. By recognizing and applying the principles of industrial hygiene to the work environment, America's	workplaces will become more healthful and safer.

**What Help Can OSHA Provide?**
**Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines**
		Effective management of worker safety and health protection is a decisive factor in reducing the extent and	severity of work-related injuries and illnesses and their related costs. To assist employers and employees in	developing effective safety and health programs, OSHA published recommended *Safety and Health Program Management	Guidelines (Federal Register* 54(18):3908-3916, January 26, 1989). These voluntary guidelines apply to all places	of employment covered by OSHA. The guidelines identify four general elements that are critical to the development of	a successful safety and health management program:
			-- management commitment and employee involvement,			-- worksite analysis,			-- hazard prevention and control, and			-- safety and health training.

		The guidelines recommend specific actions under each of these general elements to achieve an effective safety	and health program. A single free copy of the guidelines can be obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor OSHA/OICA	Publications. P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20013-7535, by sending a self-addressed mailing label with your	request.
**State Programs**
		The *Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970* encourages states to develop and operate their own job safety	and health plans. States administering occupational safety and health programs through plans approved under section	18(b) of the Act, must adopt standards and enforce requirements that are "at least as effective" as federal	requirements. There are currently 25 state plan states: 23 cover the private and public sectors (state and local	governments) and 2 cover the public sector only. For more information on State Plan states, see the list of states	with approved plans at the end of this publication.
**Free Onsite Consultation**
		Consultation assistance is available on request to employers who want help in establishing and maintaining a	safe and healthful workplace. Largely funded by OSHA, the service is provided at no cost to the employer. Primarily	developed for smaller employers with more hazardous operations, the consultation service is delivered by state	government agencies or universities employing professional safety consultants and health consultants. Comprehensive	assistance includes an appraisal of all work practices and environmental hazards of the workplace and all aspects of	the employer's present job safety and health program.
		The program is separate from OSHA'S inspection efforts. No penalties are proposed or citations issued for any	safety or health problems identified by the consultant. The service is confidential.
		For more information concerning consultation assistance, see the list of consultation projects at the end of	this publication.
**Voluntary Protection Program (VPPs)**
		Voluntary Protection Programs (VPPs) and onsite consultation services, when coupled with an effective	enforcement program, expand worker protection to help meet the goals of the *Act*. The three VPPs--Star, Merit, and	Demonstration--are designed to recognize outstanding achievement by companies that have successfully incorporated	comprehensive safety and health programs into their total management system. They motivate others to achieve	excellent safety and health results in the same outstanding way as they establish a cooperative relationship among	employers, employees, and OSHA.
		For additional information on VPPs and how to apply, contact the OSHA area or regional offices listed at the	end of this publication.
**Training and Education**
		OSHA area offices offer a variety of information services, such as publications, audiovisual aids, technical	advice, and speakers for special engagements. The OSHA Training Institute in Des Plaines, IL, provides basic and	advanced courses in safety and health for federal and state compliance officers, state consultants, federal agency	personnel, and private sector employers, employees, and their representatives.
		OSHA also provides funds to nonprofit organizations, through grants to conduct workplace training and	education in subjects where OSHA believes there is a lack of workplace training. Grants are awarded annually and	grant recipients are expected to contribute 20 percent of the total grant cost. For more information on grants,	training, and education, contact the OSHA Training Institute, Office of Training and Education, 1555 Times Drive,	Des Plaines, IL 60018; telephone (847) 297-4810.
		For further information on any OSHA program, contact your nearest OSHA area or regional office listed at the	end of this publication.
**Electronic Information**
		Internet--OSHA standards, interpretations, directives, technical advisors, compliance assistance, and	additional information are now on the World Wide Web at http: //www.osha.gov/.
		CD-ROM--A wide variety of OSHA materials, including standards, interpretations, directives, and more, can be	purchased on CD-ROM from the U.S. Government Printing Office. To order, write to the Superintendent of Documents,	P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 or telephone (202)512-1800. Specify OSHA Regulations, Documents, and	Technical Information on CD-ROM (ORDT), GPO Order No. S/N 729-013-00000-5. The price is $38 per year ($47.50	foreign); $15 per single copy ($18.75 foreign).
**Emergencies**
		For life-threatening situations, call (800) 321-OSHA. Complaints will go immediately to the nearest OSHA area	or state office for help.
		For further information on any OSHA program, contact your nearest OSHA area or regional office listed at the	end of this publication.

**Related OSHA Publications**

		Single, free copies of the following publications can be obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor,	OSHA/OICA Publications, P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20013-7535. Send a Self-addressed mailing label with your	request.
*All About OSHA* -- OSHA 2056*Employee Workplace Rights* -- OSHA 3021*Consultation Services for the Employer* -- OSHA 3047*How to Prepare for Workplace Emergencies* -- OSHA 2019*Chemical Hazard Communication* -- OSHA 3084		The following publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing	Office, Washington, DC 20402 (202) 512-1800. Include GPO Order No. and make checks payable to Superintendent of	Documents. 
*Ergonomics: The Study of work* -- OSHA 3125. Order No. 029-016-00 124-7; cost $1.00*Framework for a Comprehensive Health and Safety Program in the Hospital Environment.* Order No. 029-016- 			00149-2; cost $3.50.*General Industry Digest* -- OSHA 2201. Order No. 029-016-00155-2; cost $2.25.*Handbook for Small Business* -- OSHA 2209. Order No. 029-016-00144- 1; cost $4.00.*Job HazardAnalysis* -- OSHA 3071. Order No. 029-016-00142-5; cost $1.00.*Working Safely with Video Display Terminals* -- OSHA 3092. Order No. 029-016-00123-9; cost $1.00.
**States with Approved Plans****Commissioner**Alaska Department of Labor			1111 West 8th Street 	Room 306	Juneau, AK 99801	(907) 465-2700**Director**Industrial Commission of Arizona	800 W. Washington	Phoenix, AZ 85007	(602) 542-5795**Director**California Department of Industrial Relations	45 Fremont Street	San Francisco, CA 94105	(415) 972-8835**Commissioner**Connecticut Department of Labor	200 Folly Brook Boulevard	Wethersfield, CT 06109	(203) 566-5123**Director**Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations	830 Punchbowl Street	Honolulu, HI 96813	(808) 586-8844**Commissioner**Indiana Department of Labor - State OffIce Building	402 West Washington Street 	Room W195	Indianapolis, IN 46204	(317) 232-2378**Commissioner**Iowa Division of Labor Services	1000 E. Grand Avenue	Des Moines, IA 50319	(515) 281-3447**Secretary**Kentucky Labor Cabinet	1049 U.S. Highway, 	127 South, Suite 2	Frankfort, KY 40601	(502) 564-3070**Commissioner**Maryland Division of Labor and Industry	Department of Licensing and Regulation	1100 N. Eutaw Street, 	Rm. 613	Baltimore, MD 21202-2206	(410) 767-2215**Director**Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services	4th Floor Law Building 	P.O. Box 30004	Lansing, MI 48909	(517) 373-7230**Commissioner**Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry	443 Lafayette Road	St. Paul, MN 55155	(612) 296-2342**Director**Nevada Division of Industrial Relations	400 West King Street	Carson City, NV 89710	(702) 687-3032**Secretary**New Mexico Environment Department	1190 St. Francis Drive	P.O. Box 26110	Santa Fe, NM 87502	(505) 827-2850**Commissioner**New York Department of Labor	W. Averell Hariman State Office Building -12	Room 500	Albany, NY 12240	(518) 457-2741**Commissioner**North Carolina Department of Labor	319 Chapanoke Road	Raleigh, NC 27603	(919) 662-4585**Administrator**Department of Consumer and Business Services	Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA)	Labor and Industries Building 	Room 430	Salem, OR 97310	(503) 378-3272**Secretary**Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources	Prudencio Rivera Martinez Building	505 Munoz Rivera Avenue	HatoRey,PR00918	(809) 754-2119**Commissioner**South Carolina Department of Labor, 		Licensing, and Regulation	Koger Office Park, Kingstree Building	110 Centerview Drive - P.O. Box 11329	Columbia, SC 29210	(803) 896-4300**Commissioner**Tennessee Department of Labor	Attention: Robert Taylor	710 James Robertson Parkway	Nashville, TN 37243-0659	(615) 741-2582**Commissioner**Industrial Commission of Utah	160 East 300 South, 	3rd Floor	P.O. Box 146600	Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6600	(801) 530-6898**Commissioner**Vermont Department of Labor and Industry	National Life Building 	Drawer 20	120 State Street	Montpelier, VT 05620	(802) 828-2288**Commissioner**Virgin Islands Department of Labor	2131 Hospital Street, 	Box 890	Christiansted	St. Croix, VI 00820-4666	(809) 773-1994**Commissioner**Virginia Department of Labor and Industry	Powers-Taylor Building	13 South 13th Street	Richmond, VA 23219	(804) 786-2377**Director**Washington Department of Labor and Industries	General Administration Building	P.O. Box 44001	Olympia, WA 98504-4001	(360) 902-4200**Administrator**Occupational Safety and Compensation Division (WSC)	Wyoming Department of Employment	Herschler Building, 	2nd Floor East	122 West 25th Street	Cheyenne, WY 82002	(307) 777-7786**OSHA Consultation Project Directory**State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Telephone Arizona   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (602) 542-5795Arkansas   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(501) 682-4522California   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(415) 982-8515Colorado   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(970) 491-6151Connecticut   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (860) 566-4550Delaware   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(302) 761-8219District of Columbia   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(202) 576-6339Florida   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (904) 488-3044Georgia   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (404) 894-2646Guam   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  011 (671) 475-0136Hawaii  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (808) 586-9100Idaho  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(208) 385-3283Illinois  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (312) 814-2337Indiana  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(317) 232-2688Iowa  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (515) 281-5352Kansas  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (913) 296-7476Kentucky  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (502) 564-6895Louisiana  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(504) 342-9601Maine  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(207) 624-6460Maryland  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (410) 333-4210Massachusetts  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(617) 727-3982Michigan  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (H) (517) 332-8250. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (517) 322-1809Minnesota  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(612) 297-2393Mississippi  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(601) 987-3981Missouri  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (573) 751-3403Montana  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(406) 444-6418Nebraska  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (402) 471-4717Nevada  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (702) 486-5016New Hampshire  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(603) 271-2024New Jersey  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (609) 292-2424New Mexico  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (505) 827-4230New York  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (518) 457-2481North Carolina  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (919) 662-4644North Dakota  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (701) 328-5188Ohio  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (614) 644-2246Oklahoma  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (405) 528-1500Oregon  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (503) 378-3272Pennsylvania  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (412) 357-2561Puerto Rico  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(809) 754-2188Rhode Island  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (401) 277-2438South Carolina  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (803) 734-9614South Dakota  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (605) 688-4101Tennessee  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(615) 741-7036Texas  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(512) 440-3834Utah  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (801) 530-6868Vermont  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(802) 828-2765Virginia  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (804) 786-6359Virgin Islands  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (809) 772-1315Washington  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (360) 902-5638West Virginia  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(304) 558-7890Wisconsin  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(H) (6O8) 266-8579. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (414) 521-5063Wyoming  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  (307) 777-7700(H) - Health									(S) - Safety**OSHA Area Offices**Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TelephoneAlbany, NY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (518) 464-6742Albuquerque, NM  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(505) 248-5302Allentown, PA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(610) 776-0592Anchorage, AK  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(907) 271-5152Appleton, WI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (414) 734-4521Austin, TX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (512) 916-5783Avenel, NJ  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (908) 750-3270Baltimore, MD  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(410) 962-2840Bangor, ME  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (207) 941-8177Baton Rouge, LA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(504) 389-0474Bayside. NY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  (718) 279-9060Bellevue, WA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (206) 553-7520Billings, MT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (406) 247-7494Birmingham, AL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (205) 731-1534Bismarck, ND  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (701) 250-4521Boise, ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(208) 334-1867Bowmansville, NY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (716) 684-3891Braintree, MA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(617) 565-6924Bridgeport, CT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (203) 579-5581Calumet City, IL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (708) 891-3800Carson City, NV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(702) 885-6963Charleston, WV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (304) 347-5937Cincinnati, OH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (513) 841-4132Cleveland. OH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(216) 522-3818Columbia, SC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (803) 765-5904Columbus, OH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (614) 469-5582Concord, NH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(603) 225-1629Corpus Christi, TX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (512) 888-3420Dallas, TX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (214) 320-2400Denver, CO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (303) 844-5285Des Plaines, IL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(847) 803-4800Des Moines, IA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (515) 284-4794Englewood, CO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(303) 843-4500Erie, PA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (814) 833-5758Fort Lauderdale, FL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(305) 424-0242Fort Worth, TX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (817) 581-7303Frankfort, KY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(502) 227-7024Harrisburg, PA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (717) 782-3902Hartford, CT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (203) 240-3152Hasbrouck Heights, NJ  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(201) 288-1700Guaynabo, PR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (787) 277-1560Honolulu, HI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (808) 541-2685Houston, TX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(713) 286-0583. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (713) 591-2438Indianapolis, IN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (317) 226-7290Jackson, MS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(601) 965-4606Jacksonville, FL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (904) 232-2895Kansas City, MO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(816) 483-9531Lansing, MI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(517) 377-1892Little Rock. AR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(501) 324-6291Lubbock. TX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(806) 743-7681Madison. WI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(608) 264-5388Marlton, NJ  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(609) 757-5181Methuen, MA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(6l7) 565-8110Milwaukee, WI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(414) 297-3315Minneapolis, MN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(651) 664-5460Mobile. AL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (334) 441-6131Nashville, TN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(615) 781-5423New York, NY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (212) 466-2482Norfolk, VA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(804) 441-3820North Aurora, IL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (630) 896-8700Oklahoma City, OK  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(405) 231-5351Omaha. NE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(402) 221-3182Parsippany, NJ  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (201) 263-1003Peoria, IL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (309) 671-7033Philadelphia, PA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (215) 597-4955Phoenix, AZ  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(602) 640-2007Pittsburgh, PA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (412) 644-2903Portland, OR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (503) 326-2251Providence, RI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (401) 528-4669Raleigh, NC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(919) 856-4770Salt Lake City, UT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (801) 524-5080San Francisco, CA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(415) 744-7120Savannah, GA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (912) 652-4393Smyrna, GA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (404) 984-8700Springfield, MA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(413) 785-0123St. Louis, MO  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(314) 425-4249Syracuse, NY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (315) 451-0808Tampa, FL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(813) 626-1177Tarrytown, NY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(914) 524-7510Toledo, OH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (419) 259-7542Tucker, GA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (770) 493-6644Westbury, NY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (516) 334-3344Wichita, KS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(316) 269-6644Wilkes-Barre, PA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (717) 826-6538Wilmington, DE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3O2) 573-6115**OSHA Regional Offices****Region I**(CT,* MA, ME, NH, RI, VT*)	JKF Federal Building	Room E-340	Boston, MA 02203	Telephone: (617) 565-9860**Region II**(NJ, NY,* PR,* VI*)	201 Varick Street	Room 670	New York, NY 10014	Telephone: (212) 337-2378**Region III**(DC, DE, MD,* PA, VA,* WV)	Gateway Building, Suite 2100	3535 Market Street	Philadelphia, PA 19104	Telephone: (215) 596-1201**Region IV**(AL, FL, GA, KY,* MS, NC, SC,* TN*)	Atlanta Federal Center	61 Forsyth Street, SW,	Room 6T50	Atlanta, GA 30303	Telephone: (404) 562-2300**Region V**(IL, IN,* MI,* MN,* OH, WI)	230 South Dearborn Street	Room 3244	Chicago, IL 60604	Telephone: (312) 353-2220**Region VI**(AR, LA, NM,* OK, TX)	525 Griffin Street	Room 602	Dallas, TX 75202	Telephone: (2 14) 767-4731**Region VII**(IA,* KS, MO, NE)	City Center Square	1100 Main Street, Suite 800	Kansas City, MO 64105	Telephone: (8 16) 426-5861**Region VIII**(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT,* WY*)	1999 Broadway, Suite 1690	Denver, CO 80202-5716	Telephone: (303) 844-1600**Region IX**(American Samoa, AZ,* CA,*	Guam, HI,* NV,* Trust	Territories of the Pacific)	71 Stevenson Street 	Room 420	San Francisco, CA 94105	Telephone: (4 15) 975-4310**Region X**(AK,* ID, OR,* WA*)	1111 Third Avenue	Suite 715	Seattle, WA 98101-3212	Telephone: (206) 553-5930
***** These states and territories operate their own OSHA-approved job safety and health programs (Connecticut and New York plans cover public employees only). States with approved programs must have a standard that is identical to, or at least as effective, as the federal standard.
OSHA Information Booklet #3143  --  Industrial Hygiene
**| USDOL | CONTACT INFORMATION | DISCLAIMER |**      **************** |
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