MBM 

CORPORATION/SEDGWICK 

CLAIMS MANAGEMENT 

SERVICES, INC.,

Appellants,

v.

ARCHER WILSON,

Appellee.

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST DISTRICT, STATE OF FLORIDA

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO 

FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND 

DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

CASE NO. 1D15-2398

_____________________________/

Opinion filed February 10, 2016.

An appeal from an order of the Judge of Compensation Claims.

Neal P. Pitts, Judge.

Date of Accident: October 16, 2010.

Lamar D. Oxford and Michael A. Lowe of Dean, Ringers, Morgan & Lawton, P.A., 

Orlando, for Appellants.

Bill McCabe, Longwood, and Thomas A. Vaughan, Orlando, for Appellee.

PER CURIAM.

In this workers’ compensation appeal, the Employer/Carrier (E/C) argues that 

the Judge of Compensation Claims (JCC) erred in finding Claimant entitled to 

authorization for an evaluation of his cervical spine in order to obtain a diagnosis. 
2

We agree the JCC utilized an incorrect legal standard in determining that Claimant 

was entitled to the requested diagnostic evaluation. Accordingly, we reverse the 

appealed order.

I.

Claimant was injured on October 16, 2010, when he fell backwards out of the 

truck he was unloading, landing on asphalt and striking his head and right shoulder. 

Only a right shoulder injury was diagnosed, and treatment was authorized by the E/C 

for that injury.

Four years later, Claimant filed a petition for benefits requesting a referral to 

a physician for evaluation of his head and neck pain. The E/C denied the request on 

grounds that any head or neck condition had not been accepted as compensable and 

that the compensable accident was not the major contributing cause of any head or 

neck condition.

In support of his claim, Claimant relied on the testimony of Dr. Macksoud, 

the physician authorized to provide treatment for his compensable shoulder 

condition. Dr. Macksoud testified it would be reasonable, assuming that Claimant’s 

neck had been symptomatic since the date of the accident, for Claimant to have an 

evaluation to obtain a diagnosis for his neck condition. Dr. Macksoud was not 

questioned as to whether there was any possible causal relationship between 

Claimant’s compensable shoulder injury and the cervical spine complaints.
3

The JCC accepted Dr. Macksoud’s testimony, as well as that of Claimant that 

he had experienced some cervical spine symptoms since the date of the accident. 

The JCC concluded it was reasonable necessary, and appropriate, to refer Claimant 

to a physician for an evaluation of his cervical spine.

II.

A claimant bears the burden of proof to establish entitlement to 

benefits. See Fitzgerald v. Osceola Cty. Sch. Bd., 974 So. 2d 1161, 1164 (Fla. 1st 

DCA 2008). Further, a claimant has the burden to present expert medical evidence 

establishing a causal connection between the requested benefits and the compensable 

accident. See Wausau Ins. Co. v. Tillman, 765 So. 2d 123, 124 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000). 

Subsection 440.09(1), Florida Statutes (2010), provides:

The employer must pay compensation or furnish benefits required by 

this chapter if the employee suffers an accidental compensable injury

or death arising out of work performed in the course and scope of 

employment. The injury, its occupational cause, and any resulting 

manifestations or disability must be established to a reasonable degree 

of medical certainty, based on objective relevant medical findings, and 

the accidental compensable injury must be the major contributing cause

of any resulting injuries. For purposes of this section, “major 

contributing cause” means the cause which is more than 50 percent 

responsible for the injury as compared to all other causes combined for 

which treatment or benefits are sought. . . . Pain or other subjective 

complaints alone, in the absence of objective relevant medical findings, 

are not compensable. For purposes of this section, “objective relevant 

medical findings” are those objective findings that correlate to the 

subjective complaints of the injured employee and are confirmed by 

physical examination findings or diagnostic testing. Establishment of 

the causal relationship between a compensable accident and injuries for 

conditions that are not readily observable must be by medical evidence 
4

only, as demonstrated by physical examination findings or diagnostic 

testing. [MCC] must be demonstrated by medical evidence only. 

(emphasis added).

To the extent resolution of this appeal requires statutory interpretation, it is subject 

to de novo review. See Lombardi v. S. Wine & Spirits, 890 So. 2d 1128, 1129 (Fla. 

1st DCA 2004). Whether the JCC utilized the correct legal standard is also reviewed 

de novo. See Banks v. Allegiant Sec., 122 So. 3d 983, 985 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013) 

(“Our review of an erroneous application of the law is de novo.”). 

III.

Claimant failed to meet his burden of proof. In awarding benefits, the JCC 

erred by conflating Claimant’s burden to prove entitlement to an investigation of the 

causal connection between voiced complaints and a previously accepted 

compensable condition, with Claimant’s burden to prove the causal relationship 

between a condition and the workplace accident in the first instance.

There was no allegation or argument that the compensable shoulder injury 

may be the cause of the head and neck complaints. Rather, Claimant sought a 

diagnostic evaluation to determine whether a potential neck or head condition was 

related to the compensable workplace accident. The JCC’s finding that Claimant 

had voiced complaints since the date of the accident could be relevant to support a 

medical expert’s opinion that the head or neck condition is causally related to the 

accident, but there was no such opinion here – Dr. Macksoud testified only that it 
5

would be reasonable to have an evaluation to diagnose a neck condition.

∗ Claimant’s 

subjective complaints, standing alone, however, will not meet the requirements of 

subsection 440.09(1) that he prove his injury and its occupational cause within a 

reasonable degree of medical certainty based on objective relevant medical findings.

IV.

Based on the foregoing, we REVERSE the order on appeal and REMAND for 

entry of an order denying the claimed evaluation.

ROWE, RAY, and SWANSON, JJ., CONCUR.

 

∗ We note that Claimant did not, in the petition filed herein, request the JCC ascertain 

the compensability of any cervical or head condition, thus, this is a claim that is open 

for future litigation should Claimant secure an expert medical opinion relating a neck 

or head injury to the compensable accident.