[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 19-13919

Non-Argument Calendar

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D.C. Docket No. 6:18-cr-00091-CEM-DCI-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

 Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

BIANCA L. TILLY, 

 Defendant-Appellant.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Florida

________________________

(January 5, 2021)

Before ROSENBAUM, LAGOA, and BRASHER, Circuit Judges.

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PER CURIAM: 

Bianca Tilly appeals her 63–month sentence for conspiracy to possess a 

controlled substance with intent to distribute. Tilly argues that the government 

breached the plea agreement by failing to recommend to the district court that she 

be granted safety-valve relief pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f) and U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2. 

After careful review, we find that the government did not breach the plea agreement

and affirm.

On April 18, 2018, Tilly was charged by indictment with one count of 

conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute 100 kilograms or more of 

marijuana, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. Tilly was granted pre-trial release, and 

the terms of her release required GPS monitoring, home incarceration and ordered 

her to not have any contact with the witnesses in her case. Later, a magistrate judge 

modified the order and replaced her home-incarceration requirement with a curfew. 

On June 25, 2018, Tilly pled guilty pursuant to a written plea agreement. That 

plea agreement made clear that the government would “recommend to the Court that 

it impose a sentence in accordance with the applicable guidelines without regard to 

any statutory minimum sentence, pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2, if the Court finds 

that the defendant meets the criteria set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f).” The plea 

agreement also required Tilly to cooperate fully with the government in its 

investigation and prosecution of other persons, in part by “voluntarily and 

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unreservedly disclos[ing] and provid[ing] full, complete, truthful, and honest 

knowledge, information and cooperation regarding any of the matters herein.” The 

agreement also explicitly prohibited her from “knowingly provid[ing] incomplete or 

untruthful testimony, statements, or information.” In the event of a breach of these 

requirements, the plea agreement made clear that the government reserved the right 

to prosecute Tilly for perjury or obstruction of justice, and/or to seek the invalidation 

of the plea agreement. And nothing in the plea agreement prohibited the government

from introducing relevant factual information about the charge at the sentencing 

hearing. 

On July 18, 2018, at her change-of-plea hearing, Tilly asked the district court 

to allow her to remain at home pending sentencing due to complications she was 

experiencing with her pregnancy. The government did not oppose the request. And 

the district court, after formally adjudicating Tilly guilty, granted the request and 

permitted her to remain on release pending sentencing. 

On July 31, 2018, thirteen days after her change-of-plea hearing, the 

government learned that Tilly had violated a condition her release by having contact 

with Jose Quijada—her boyfriend at the time and one of her alleged co-conspirators 

in the drug trafficking scheme. Specifically, on July 31, 2018, when agents went to 

arrest Quijada at the house of an acquaintance where it was believed he was located, 

Tilly was found in his presence. At the time, Tilly knew she was not permitted to 

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have any contact with Quijada as the terms of her supervised release prohibited her 

from doing so. She had also been advised by the government that it was “actively 

looking” for Quijada. On August 1, 2018, a warrant was issued for Tilly’s arrest.

But when agents went to arrest her, her GPS monitoring bracelet was found in the 

street as Tilly had fled.

After about a year at large, on July 12, 2019, Tilly was recaptured. After her 

arrest, the district court scheduled a sentencing hearing and ordered Tilly detained 

prior to that hearing. At the sentencing hearing, the government opposed Tilly’s 

request for safety-valve release. After hearing argument and testimony from 

witnesses, the district court denied the request for safety-valve relief and sentenced 

Tilly to sixty-three months in prison, followed by four years of supervised release. 

Tilly timely filed this appeal. 

On appeal, Tilly argues that the government breached the terms of her plea 

agreement when it opposed her request for safety-valve relief at her sentencing 

hearing because the government promised in the plea agreement not to oppose any 

such request. “Whether the government has breached a plea agreement is a question 

of law that this court reviews de novo.” United States v. Mahique, 150 F.3d 1330, 

1332 (11th Cir. 1998). 

The government is bound by the promises it makes in a plea agreement. See, 

e.g., Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 262 (1971); United States v. Horsfall, 

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552 F.3d 1275, 1281 (11th Cir. 2008) (“The government is bound by any material 

promises it makes to a defendant as part of a plea agreement that induces the 

defendant to plead guilty.”). In construing the scope of the government’s promises,

we look to the plain meaning of the plea agreement’s terms. See United States v. 

Copeland, 381 F.3d 1101, 1105–06 (11th Cir. 2004). We reject “hyper-technical 

reading[s] of the written agreement” and “rigidly literal approach[es] in the 

construction of the language.” United States v. Jefferies, 908 F.2d 1520, 1523 (11th 

Cir. 1990). 

The only clause of Tilly’s plea agreement at issue in this case is the provision 

calling for safety-valve relief. That paragraph reads as follows:

9. Safety Valve Provision

The United States will recommend to the Court that it impose a 

sentence in accordance with the applicable guidelines without regard to 

any statutory minimum sentence, pursuant to [U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2], if the 

Court finds that the defendant meets the criteria set forth in 18 U.S.C. 

§ 3553(f). The defendant understands that this recommendation or 

request is not binding on the Court, and if not accepted by the Court, 

the defendant will not be allowed to withdraw from the plea.

Tilly argues that this provision required the government to recommend safety-valve 

relief at sentencing regardless of whether the district court later concluded that Tilly 

was not eligible for such relief. Paragraph 9 of the plea agreement, however, 

explicitly requires that the government recommend safety valve relief only “if the 

Court finds that the defendant meets the criteria set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f).” 

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(emphasis added). The fifth factor under § 3553(f) makes clear that safety-valve 

relief applies only if “not later than the time of sentencing hearing, the defendant has 

truthfully provided to the Government all information and evidence the defendant 

has concerning the offense or offenses that were part of the same course of conduct 

or of a common scheme or plan.” 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f)(5). This fifth factor is a “‘tellall’ provision.” United States v. Johnson, 375 F.3d 1300, 1302 (11th Cir. 2004). It 

requires the defendant “to come forward and to supply truthfully to the government 

all the information that [she] possesses about [her] involvement in the offense, 

including information relating to the involvement of others and to the chain of the 

narcotics distribution.” United States v. Cruz, 106 F.3d 1553, 1557 (11th Cir. 1997). 

If the district court finds that the defendant has “withheld or misrepresented 

information,” then the safety valve does not apply. United States v. Figueroa, 199 

F.3d 1281, 1283 (11th Cir. 2000). 

The district court here found that Tilly did not qualify for safety valve relief 

under § 3553(f). It noted that the government had presented evidence that Tilly had 

misrepresented her role in the narcotics operation at issue and had deliberately 

misled law enforcement in an effort to protect her boyfriend and co-conspirator. The 

district court then explicitly denied Tilly’s request for safety valve relief. Because 

the district court did not find that Tilly was entitled to safety valve relief, the 

government was not obligated to recommend such relief. The plea agreement made 

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clear that the district court’s conclusion that the defendant met the criteria listed in 

§ 3553(f) was a condition precedent to the government’s promise to recommend the 

safety valve.

And insofar as Tilly seeks to argue that the terms of the plea agreement should 

have prohibited the government from introducing evidence of her untruthfulness, 

that argument is without merit. By its own terms, the plea agreement allowed the 

government to provide to the court all truthful and relevant information at 

sentencing. Indeed, the government was under a duty to provide this information. 

See United States v. Block, 660 F.2d 1086, 1091 (5th Cir. Unit B. Nov. 1981)1 (“A 

prosecutor has a duty to insure that the court has complete and accurate information 

concerning the defendant, thereby enabling the court to impose an appropriate 

sentence.”). A plea agreement is therefore not breached when it allows the 

government to introduce relevant factual information about the defendant at 

sentencing even if that information might bear on some other promise made 

regarding a sentence determination. See United States v. Horsfall, 552 F.3d 1275, 

1282 (11th Cir. 2008). 

Our caselaw amply supports this conclusion. In Mahique, Mahique entered 

into a plea agreement in which the government agreed not to oppose his request to 

1

 Decisions issued by Unit B of the former Fifth Circuit are binding precedent in the 

Eleventh Circuit. Stein v. Reynolds Secs., Inc., 667 F.2d 33, 34 (11th Cir. 1982). 

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be sentenced under the safety-valve provision “if he is eligible, and the Court makes 

appropriate findings regarding the criteria.” Id. at 1331. The defendant failed to 

appear at sentencing, fled the jurisdiction and was arrested on a fugitive warrant

before being extradited to the United States for sentencing. Id. After making a full 

confession, he attempted to retract part of his admissions. Id. At the sentencing

hearing, the government argued that the defendant was in fact not eligible for safetyvalve relief because he had not provided to the government all relevant information 

regarding the offense. See id. at 1332. The district court agreed, and ultimately 

concluded that the defendant was not eligible for safety-valve relief. See id. at 1331. 

On appeal, Mahique asserted that the government breached the plea agreement by 

opposing his request to be sentenced under the safety-valve provision. Id. at 1332. 

This Court concluded that the government’s promise in the plea agreement not to 

oppose safety-valve relief was conditioned on Mahique being eligible for the 

provision and the district court finding that he met all the criteria for application of

the provision. Id. Thus, because the government argued that Mahique was ineligible 

for the safety-valve provision since he did not meet the criteria, this Court held that 

the government did not breach the plea agreement by opposing safety-valve relief. 

Id. 

Here, as in Mahique, the government did not breach the plea agreement by 

not recommending safety-valve relief because its obligation to recommend a 

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sentence in accordance with the Guidelines was conditioned on the district court 

finding that Tilly met the safety-valve criteria. Because the district court never made 

that finding, the government did not breach the plea agreement by opposing Tilly’s 

request for safety-valve relief.

For the reasons set forth, we affirm Tilly’s sentence for conspiracy to possess 

a controlled substance with intent to distribute. 

AFFIRMED.

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