# Impingement Monitoring at Ma nchester Street Station 2005

Prepared for

Dominion Energy Manchester Street, Inc. Providence, Rhode Island

by

Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Falmouth, Massachusetts

March 28, 2006

# Table of Contents

Page

Summary 1

Introduction 1

Methods 2

Results

Fish

Annual Impingement 5

High vs Low-pressure Collections 11

Multi-year Impingement Comparisons 12

Impingement rates vs flow and temperature 13

Invertebrates 16

Literature Cited 17

Appendix

Figures Page

1. Schematic of the Providence River s howing Manchester Street Station and approximate location of high and low-pre ssure screen-wash return lines. 4

2. Percent of total for numerically dom inant species of fish impinged on the Manchester Street intake screens, 2005. 5

3. Estimated monthly impingement totals for Atlantic menhaden Atlantic herring, winter flounder, Atlantic silverside, white perch, c unner, tautog, and total fish, Manchester Street Station, 2005. Solid lin es indicate the percent of total taken each month for 1992, 1993, 1996-2004 pooled. 22-23

4. Length-frequency data for Atlantic menhade n (a), winter flounder January-April (b), May-August (c), and September-December (d) impinged on the Manchester Street intake screens, 2005. 24

5. Length-frequency data for Atlantic herring (a), silver hake (b), white perch (c), and Atlantic tomcod (d) impinged on the Ma nchester Street intake screens, 2005. 25

# Figures (continued) Page

6. Percent of the annual tota l collected in high and low-pr essure fish return lines for numerically dominant fish plus "all others", 2005. 27

7. Percent of total number of fish impi nged at Manchester Street Station which were found in the low-pressure return line for selected numerically dominant fish, 1996-2005. 27

8. Percent of total collected in the Manche ster Street Station low-pressure return line by month for Atlantic menhaden (top) and Atlantic silverside, 2005. Bars indicate percent by month for pooled collections from 1995-2004. 28

9. Percent of total collected in the Manche ster Street Station low-pressure return line by month for winter flounder (top) and tautog, 2005. Bars indicate percent by month for pooled collections from 1995-2004. 29

10. Estimated annual totals for 19 species of fish plus total fish impinged on the

Manchester Street intake scr eens, 1975-2005 (1980, 1994, 1995 excluded, see text). The geometric mean over the 1975-1993, 1996-2004 time series is shown by a horizontal line in each case. 30-34

11. Relationship between numbers of fish impinged (loge) and flow (top) and water temperature, all species combin ed, Manchester Street Station, 2005. 35

12. Relationship between numbers of fish impinged (loge) and station intake flow (top) and numbers of fish impi nged (loge) and water temperature, all species combined, Manchest er Street Station, 1992-2005. 36

13. Comparison of loge annual number impi nged at Manchester Street Station and Brayton Point Station, Atlant ic menhaden and weakfish, 1975-2005. 37

14. Annual totals for four numerically do minant species of macroinvertebrates,

Manchester Street inta ke screens, 1992, 1993, 1996-2005. 38

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. Tables

Page 1. Total estimated numbers impinged by species, Manchester Street Station, 2005. Standard scores for 2005, comparable totals for 1992 through 2004 as well as the long-term mean (1975-1993, 1996-2004) are also shown (see footnotes). 39

2. Estimated numbers of fish impinge d on the Manchester Street intake screens by species and month, January-December 2005. 40

3. Mean numbers of fish impinged per million gallons of through-plant flow, Manchester Street St ation, January-December 2005. 41

4. Total estimated monthly catch fo r numerically dominant finfish and ‘all others’ partitioned by low and high-pressure wash systems, Manchester Street Station, January-December 2005. 42

5. Estimated numbers of fish impinge d on the Manchester Street Station revolving screens January-December by species, 1975-2005 (1980 excluded). 43-47

6. Correlation coefficients between numb ers of fish (all species) impinged

at Manchester Street Station in 24-hour periods, water temperature and intake flow, 1992-2005. 48-49

7. Estimated numbers of invertebrate s impinged on the Manchester Street intake screens by species and m onth, 1992-2005. New screen and wash system installed October 1994-mid-July 1995. No data available for that period. 50-56

Appendix

1. Hydrographic and operational data re corded at Manchester Street Station January-December 2005.

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# Summary

Impingement sampling at Manchester Street Station in 2005 covered the tenth full year of station operation since the facility was repowered and the intake screens and wash system were modified to include low-pressure sprays, Ristroph screens, and a fish-return system. Collections were completed weekly year-round, each sample consisting of one 24-hour continuous screenwash period. A total of 46 species was represented in the year’s catch. Atlantic menhaden, Atlantic herring, winter flounder, and Atlantic silversi de accounted for 98% of the number of fish impinged. Numbers of fish collect ed in the high and low-pressure return systems were enumerated separately to examine system efficiency. Consistent with 1995 through 2004 results, collections clearly showed that the ma jority of impinged fish were returned to the Providence River via the low-pressu re wash system and were therefore not subjected to the highpressure sprays required to effectively remove impinged debris.

The overall 2005 total of 409,247 impinged fish, ranked fourth over the 29-year time series. The 2005 totals for impinged Atlantic herring and winter flou nder ranked first, and Atlantic menhaden fourth over the 29-year. Pooling data for th e 1995-2005 time-period suggested that 48% of the variation in num bers impinged could be explained by water temperature. Clearly, the major variations in numbers impinged remain unexplained and may perhaps be attributed to random and non-random m ovements of individual fish and fish schools coupled with natural seasonal ity and variation in population size. Collecti ons of macroinvertebrates at Manchester Street in 2005 we re dominated by seven-spine bay shrimp (n = 5,695) and blue crab (n = 883). A nnual totals for these species have been hi ghly variable over the twelve complete sampling years.

Introduction

Impingement sampling at Manchester Street Station has been c onducted since 1975 with the exception of 1980 when an impingement survival study was co mpleted. Currently impingement sampling represents one phase of a biological monitoring program, which includes phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, and ichthyopl ankton sampling as required by RIPDES Permit No. RI0000434. The expanded study progr am resulted from the repowering of Manchester Street Station, which was comp leted in 1995. During the October 1994 through mid-July 1995 period the intake screens were replaced with new, continuously-operating Ristroph-type screens including high and low-pressure wash systems with separate return lines. The low-pressure return line, c onsisting of 12-inch reinforced fi berglass pipe, transports fish

from the screen house to the hurricane barrier en trance. The high-pressure wash line traverses

the intake channel to return impinged organisms to the ri ver above the hurricane barrier.

This report summarizes results of finfish and macro-invertebrate sampling from January through December 2005, the tenth complete year wi th the new intake sc reen system. Where appropriate, attention is focuse d on the Representative Important Species (RIS) covered in the 316 Demonstration for the repowering project (NEC and NEP 1990) including conversion to equivalent adults in cases where young fish were impinged. The RIS are listed below.

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# Normandeau Associates, Inc. Alewife/blueback herrin g Atlantic silverside Atlantic menhaden Striped bass Atlantic herring Black sea bass Bay anchovy Weakfish Rainbow smelt Tautog

Silver hake Winter flounder Mummichog

Methods

Impingement sampling was conducted following the regime begun in April 1992 1 

# . One 24-hour collection was completed weekly by dire cting high and low-pressure wash waters (Figure 1) to separate 4 ft x 4 ft partially subm erged holding pens. The intake system consists of five circulating water pumps each with trash rack s and a traveling screen in front. Any time a pump is in operation, its traveling screen opera tes continuously. Afte r a minimum of 24 hours the pens were hauled and the catch processed. On rare occasions (July 11 and July 18 for example), during periods of high impingement, th e 24-hour sampling interval was shortened to

increase survival.

All fish were identified to the lowest taxon possible, counted, and measured to the nearest millimeter in total length (TL). With larg e collections a minimum of 25 individuals was measured. Invertebrates large e nough to be regularly impinged on the 3/8-inch intake screens

were also identified and counted. Numbers of fish and inverteb rates impinged per 24 hours were determined from the sampling interval, an extrapolated total then being obtained for the week by multiplying by seven. Estimated weekly totals were summed to provide monthly and annual totals. Hours of operation for each circulating water pump were obtained from the station log and used to estimate numbers impinged per mill ion gallons (MG) of water circulated by the plant.

Where appropriate for representative im portant species, numbers of young fish were

converted to older individuals us ing survival values obtained from the literature, the equivalent adult (EA) procedure. This allowed potential impingement losses to be equated to marketable and/or spawning-age fish which in turn can be compared w ith landings or spawning stock

biomass where those data are av ailable. Adjustments were ma de where possible to account for impingement survival. Assessment of that variable was completed at Manchester Street in early 1997 (MRI 1997). Since numbers of fish potentially lost to impingement were relatively low following the EA procedure, no effort was made to compare them with landings or stock size data in this report. Impingement losses are assessed in conjunction with entrainment losses in the Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Monitoring at Manchester Street re port (see MRI 2006).

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# Prior to April 1992, collections were made by alternately ro tating one or two of the five screens at one time through a complete revolution and removing any im pinged fish by hand from the front face of the screens. Screens were typically washed every eight hours, the weekly sampling generally occurring 3-4 hours after a 0700 wash

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# Before and after each 24-hour impingeme nt sampling period hydrographic measurements

were taken in the Manchester Street intake usi ng either a YSI 600XL or Hydrolab Surveyor III. Measurements taken at the surface and 3-ft dept h intervals to bottom included water temperature (±0.1 C), salinity (±0.1 ‰), pH (±0. 1), and dissolved oxygen (±0.1 mg/l).

Hydrographic instruments were calibrated weekly using stan dard buffer solutions of pH 7.0, and 10.0 for pH, a KCl solutio n of 0.42 N for conductivity, and the atmosphere for dissolved oxygen. Although factory set, temperature was ch ecked with a certified thermometer and the data adjusted as required.

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# Results

Fish

Annual Impingement

A total of 46 fish species were record ed in the 2005 Manchester Street Station impingement collections. Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ), Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus ), winter flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes americanus ), and Atlantic silverside ( Menidia

menidia ) accounted for 47, 42, 7 and 2%, respectively, of the number of fish impinged (Figure 2). There were two occasions when sample time s for low-pressure wash collections were less

than 24 hours due to the Providence River bei ng frozen. When the river was frozen, the impingement collection pen could not be set at th e end of the low-pressure pipe since a boat is required to access that point. As an alternative sampling method a small net was placed in the low-pressure fish return sluicew ay inside the screen house. Th e net could only be set for short periods of time ranging from 8 to 20 hours to pr event the net from cloggi ng with debris, blocking the sluiceway, and overflowing.



# Manchester Street Screens

Fish Impingement 2005

Atlantic Menhaden 47.5%

Atlantic Herring 41.8%

Winter Flounder 7.3% Atlantic Silverside 1.5% 42 Remaining species 2.0%

Figure 2. Percent of total for numerically dominant species of fish impinged on the Manchester Street intake screens, 2005

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# Normandeau Associates, Inc. Atlantic menhaden dominated the 2005 catch with an estimated annual impingement total of 194,189 fish (Table 1). They were collec ted in January, February and August through November (Figure 3, Table 2). In October al one 54% of the annual total of menhaden was impinged, yielding an impingement rate of 141 fish per hour, which is equiva lent to 627 fish per million gallons of through-plant flow (Table 3). Over the year, total lengths ranged from 38 to 300 mm with a mean of 67 mm [s tandard error (s.e.) = 1.49, n = 411; Figure 4a]. Individuals less than 100 mm in length, repr esenting 93% of the total, were assume d to be young-of-theyear; those greater than or equa l to 100 and less than 190, repres enting 5%, were assumed to be age 1, and those greater than 190 were assumed to age 2 +, accounting for 2%.

Numbers of young menhaden impinged were conve rted to equivalent age 2 fish, the age at which they enter the Narraga nsett Bay fishery (Dur bin et al. 1983). Th e Atlantic States

Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC 2004) provided an es timated annual instantaneous natural mortality rate (M) of 4.3 for young-of-the-year or age 0 fi sh and 0.98 for age 1 fish. Since the age 0 fish were impinged at various time s during the year M = 4.3 was divided by 12 to estimate a monthly mortality rate. The monthl y rate was applied for the number of months remaining between the time a young fish was impinged and its next birthday, which was assumed to be June 1. Assuming no fishing mortal ity (F) prior to age 2 so that Z or total
instantaneous mortality = M, the natural mortal ity rate, an annual survival rate of 37.5% ( 

# s = e -z 

# ) was applied to the equivalent ag e 1 impingement total plus any age 1 fish impinged to estimate numbers of age 2 fish. Results of the post-impi ngement survival study (MRI 1997) confirmed the well-known fact that menhaden are impingement se nsitive (see for example Tatham et al. 1978), an average of only 1.9% surviving 48-hour holding pe riods at Manchester Street Station. With such a low survival rate no further adjustment was made to the numbers impinged. The potential loss of an estimated 180,965 age 0, and 9,457 age 1 menhaden in 2005 plus the 3,779 age 2+ fish impinged would be equivalent to the loss of 6.6 50 age 2 fish to the local fishery. Assuming a weight of 0.6 pound for age 2 fish (ASMFC 2004), 6,650 menhaden would weigh 3,990 pounds.

Atlantic herring, with an estimated a nnual impingement total of 170,912 fish, ranked second in 2005 (Table 1). They were only pres ent in collections in January and from June through August, with the July catch of 128,390 acc ounting for 75% of the annual total (Figure 3, Table 2). In 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2004, when herring were also abundant, they were similarly impinged during the late spring and summer. That pa ttern is consistent with their life history in that young fish resulting from late summer a nd autumn spawning on offshore banks form large aggregations in coastal waters the following spring and summer (Overholtz 2000). Total lengths in 2005 ranged from 53 to 207 mm with a mean of 90 mm (s.e. = 1.29, n = 135, Figure 4b). Atlantic herring spawn inshore and offshore in the spring, summer, or fall (see for example Bigelow and Schroeder 1953, Clayton et al. 1978, Collette and Klein-MacPhee 2002) so it can be difficult to assign young fish to year classes or c ohorts based solely on total length. Individuals less than 100 mm impinged primaril y in July 2005 were assumed to be age 0 fish surviving from fall spawning in 2004. Those between 100 a nd 200 mm impinged during the summer were likely age 1 fish from summer and autumn 2004. Since herring enter the fishery as sardines at age 1 and 50% of the stock matures at ag e 3 (Anthony and Waring 1980, Fogarty and Clark 1983, NOAA 1998), the numbers impinged were converted to these two age classes. A natural mortality rate of 18.1% per year (instantane ous mortality rate, M = 0.20, NOAA 1998, Overholtz 2000) was used. All impinged herring were assume d to have died upon return to the river based

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# on an overall impingement survival rate of onl y 4% (n = 26, MRI 1997). Based on these figures the estimated loss of herring to impingement in 2005 would be equivalent to the loss of 106,830 age 1 fish. Applying an annual su rvival rate of 0.819 to the young fi sh resulted in an estimated equivalent loss of 71,601 age 3 adult fish.

Winter flounder ranked third with an annua l estimated impingement total of 29,942 fish, accounting for 7% of the year’s fish total. While flounder were impinged throughout the year, numbers were greatest in March (18,495 fish) acc ounting for 62% of the species’ total (Figure 3, Table 2). Pooling results from past seasons in dicated that January, Febr uary, and July normally showed the greatest winter flounder impingement (F igure 3). Following lengt h-at-age data from Howell et al. (1992), Gibson (1993a), and Wither ell and Burnett (1993) along with young-of-theyear length data from beach seine length freque ncies in Mount Hope Ba y and its tributaries (Dominion Energy Brayton Point LLC 2005, PG &E Generating and MRI 1999), the vast majority of fish were immature (Figure 4). In March, when flounder were most numerous in impingement collections, age 0 fish, those less than 160 mm, dominated th e collections. A few age 1 fish, members of the 2003 year class, ranging from about 160 to 260 mm TL, were also taken from January to April. Partitioning the year’s catch into age cl asses based on length, 67% of the total was classified as age 0, 30 % as age 1, and 3% age 2 (Figure 4).

Results of the post-impingement survival study (MRI 1997) indicate d that latent youngof-the-year winter flounder survival is 95% among individuals returned to the river via the lowpressure system, 92% among those subjected to the high-pressure system . Only 10% of the flounder collected during the survival study were ag e 1 and 2 fish (n = 54); while sample size was small, a 100% latent survival rate was record ed. Conservatively applying survival rates of 95

and 92% to all flounder estimated to have been returned to the river by the low (13,774) and high-pressure systems (16,149), respectively, pr ovided an estimated 2005 loss of 1,981 fish.

Annual survival rates for winter flounder of 0.054% fo r age 0, 0.2996% for age 1, and 0.4035% for age 2 were applied to the impingement totals to estimate the equivalent number of adult fish (age 3) potentially lo st to the local populat ion. Age 3 corresponds to the age at which both 50% of the population reaches reproductive matu rity and recruitment to the fishery occurs (Gibson 1989a; NOAA 1998). Survival rates for ag e 0, 1 and 2 individuals were derived by averaging values reported by Gibson (1993b) and Ro se et al. (1996). Since annual survival rates are for the entire life stage, assuming an April 1 birthday, survival rates were generated for each month. All age 0 fish were aged to their first April birthday using monthly survival data and then annual rates were applied for all fish until age 3. Based on these data, the 2005 impingement total adjusted for impingement surv ival would be equivale nt to 636 age 3 fish.

Atlantic silversides ranked third over th e year as a whole with an estimated annual impingement total of 6,145 fish in 2005 accounting for 2 % of the annual total. Individuals were impinged in all months except April thru July , with the February catch (4,135 fish) accounting for 67% of the year’s total (Figure 3). Two length frequencies (January–June and JulyDecember)were generated to determine what year classes were represented in the catch. Total length-frequency data indicated that silversides taken in 2005 were primarily members of the 2004 year class (Conover 1979; Figure 6a, 6b). Young-of-the-year fish under 50-mm total length are rarely impinged but, because they fit through the intake screens, are susceptible to

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# Normandeau Associates, Inc. entrainment. Results from the impingement surviv al study completed at Ma nchester Street (MRI 1997) suggested that latent survival rates of 28% and 17% we re obtained for the low-pressure and high-pressure return lines, respectively. Th ese data assume no sub-lethal impingement effects occurred after fish returned to the river, such as increased loss from predation or declines in feeding and growth rates leading to greater overall mortality rates.

Atlantic silversides mature at age 1 and spawn from late April through June (Conover and Kynard 1984). Over the course of their first (and typi cally only) winter, mo rtality can reach 99% (Conover 1979). Many of those rema ining in the spring die duri ng the spawning season (Bayliff 1950, Conover and Ross 1982). Based on these da ta equivalent adults resulting from impingement losses were calculated as follows : Half the fish coll ected during January and February was assumed to survive to the beginning of the April 1 spawning season had impingement not occurred. All fish impinged from March through August were assumed to be adults and fish impinged from September through December were assumed to survive late fall

and winter at a rate of 25%. These rates are considered cons ervative particularly for the small

number of adults that survive un til the fall of their s econd year since they are unlikely to survive to spawn a second time. These assumed rates we re applied to the number impinged each month after adjusting for impingement survival. Appl ying these survival rates to the 3,624 silversides returned via the low-pressure line and 2,519 returned via the high-pressure line would reduce the potential estimated 2005 losses to 2,352 equivalent adult fish.

Ten species from the RIS list were not among the numerical dominants in the 2004 impingement collections. Th ese included silver hake, ( Merluccius bilinearis ) tautog ( Tautoga

onitis ), alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ), weakfish ( Cynoscion regalis ), mummichog ( Fundulus

heteroclitus ), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax ), black sea bass ( Centropristis striata ), blueback herring ( Alosa aestivalis ), striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ), and bay anchovy ( Anchoa mitchilli ). Each of these species except bay anchovy was re presented in the 2005 collections although there were only 13 mummichogs, six rainbow smelt, th ree black sea bass, one blueback herring and one striped bass collected. Thes e fish provided estimated annua l impingement totals of 104, 39, 20, 8 and 7, respectively. The rainbow smelt ranged between 101 and 120 mm and were impinged in December. The black sea bass were young-of-the-year ra nging between 77 and 110 mm and were sampled in November and Decembe r. The single striped bass impinged in December was 358 mm suggesting it was an age 3 fish (see for example Setzler et al. 1980).

Silver hake were impinged from January through March and in December producing an estimated annual impingement total of 1,536 fish. They were impinged primarily in February (1,323 fish; Table 2). Individuals ranged from 67 to 140 mm in length with a mean of 101 mm (s.e. = 1.72, n = 76). Referring to information pr ovided by Almeida (1987) and Helser (1996), fish around 100 mm TL impinged in winter were pr obably nearing the end of their first year. Silver hake between 100 and 150 mm were age 2 fis h. Silver hake at age 2 enter the commercial fishery and 50% of those are mature (Almei da and Anderson 1978, NOAA 1998). Based on this, the number of juveniles potentially lost to impinge ment was converted to a number of equivalent age 2 fish. An annual survival rate of 0.67 obtained from Almeida and Anderson (1978) and Helser et al. (1996) produced an estimated loss of 1,223 age 2 fish. Since only five silver hake were taken during the impingement survival st udy and each one either died or was injured

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# following 48-hour holding periods, all impinged silv er hake were assumed to have died shortly after being returned to the river.

Tautog were impinged throughout the year with an estimated annual impingement total of 810 fish. The largest monthly collections were obtained in September a nd October with 169 and 191 fish, respectively (Figure 3). Total length meas urements indicated that fish ranged from 38 to 280 mm with an average length of 125 mm (s.e. = 5.96, n = 111). Following Cooper (1967) who studied tautog from Rhode Island waters, i ndividuals (male and fema le lengths averaged) reach 62 mm TL at age 1, 131 mm at age 2, 197 mm at age 3, 244 mm at age 4, and 287 mm at age 5. Based on Cooper’s data the numbers of tautog impinged at Manc hester Street were assumed to be distributed as follows: age 0 - 14%, age 1 - 40%, age 2 - 36%, age 3 - 8%, age 4 - <1%, and age 5 - <1%. Tautog were not well represented during the impingement survival study completed in early 1997 (n = 12). Within that small sample, survival was 100% following 48- hour holding periods suggesting they are relatively hardy. To be conservative, only half the tautog impinged was assumed to have su rvived once returned to the river.

Utilizing otter trawl age-frequency data from Cooper (1967) an annual survival rate of 0.83527 was calculated for tautog for ages 5 th rough 22. Although Cooper presented data for ages 1 through 4, there is good ev idence that these younger age classe s are not as susceptible to capture as older fish. This is based on the size of younger fish relative to otter trawl mesh sizes and the greater movement observed among older fi sh in comparison to younger fish, which tend to remain near the home site (Olla et al. 1974). In the absence of more re liable data, the survival rate for ages 5-22 was applied to ages 1-4 as well. The estimat ed annual survival rate of 0.83527 was applied in succession to each age group to estimate the number of age 3 and age 6 tautog which might have resulted had impingement lo sses not occurred. These ages were selected because tautog mature at about age 3 (Chenoweth 1963) and enter the sport fishery at about age

6. These conversions result in a potential estimated loss of 249 age 3 or 181 age 6 fish.

Alewives were impinged in January, Februa ry, May, and August thru December with an estimated annual impingement to tal of 456 fish. Individuals impinged ranged from 50 to 169 mm in length (mean = 107 mm, s.e. = 6.49, n = 29) . Following Clayton et al. (1978), small alewives (less than 150 mm) impi nged during this time would be age 0 fish. Young fish were equated to the number of reproductive age fish that might have survived had impingement not

occurred. Estimates of annual survival rates be tween the time they migrate from natural river systems (age 0) and age 3 when they begin to re turn to spawn were obtai ned from data provided by Cole et al. (1978) and Gibson (1989b). The propor tion of the number of age 3 fish returning to the Parker River system in Massachusetts in 19 78 to the number of age 0 fish leaving the same system three years earlier was approximately 0.05. From these data, an a nnual survival rate of 37% was obtained. Working with the Gilbert St uart Brook alewife run in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, Gibson (1989b) estimated an annual surv ival rate of 38.2% for later year classes. Because the estimates based on Cole et al. (197 8) and Gibson (1989b) were remarkably similar, these estimates were averaged (mean = 37.6%). This survival rate was applied successively beginning at age 1 for all fish collected to obtain an estimate of 79 age 3 al ewives potentially lost to impingement effects during the year. Only nine river herring were collected during the impingement survival study and each of those i ndividuals died during the holding period (MRI

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# Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1997). Therefore alewives and blueback were assumed to experience 100% mortality as a result of impingement.

Weakfish had an estimated annual impingement total of 269 fish and were present from August to December (Table 2). Length-frequency data for 2005 indicated that all fish ranged from 65 to 235 mm in length with a mean of 163 mm (s.e. = 7.13, n = 39). Weakfish grow rapidly and all individuals were likely memb ers of the 2004 and 2005 year classes (see for example Shepard and Grimes 1983, Szedlmayer et al. 1990, Lowerre-B arbieri et al. 1994, Lowerre-Barbieri et al. 1995). Gibson (1993c) repor ted that weakfish par tially recruit to the fishery at age 1. Only two weakfish were collected during the impingement survival study completed at Manchester Street (both were dead when collected). Since they are soft-bodied, the species is likely to be impingement sensitive and all impinged in 2005 were assumed to have not survived. To be additionally conservative, had they not been impinged, it was assumed that 80%

of the fish would have survived the winter to reach age 1 when they might have entered the fishery. Based on this information an estimated to tal of 11 fish could ha ve been lost to the fishery based on 2005 impingement losses.

Mummichogs ranged from 55 to 110 mm (mean = 76, s.e. = 7.5) suggesting they ranged from young-of-the-year to two-year-old fish (F ritz and Garside 1975, Valiela et al. 1977, Able 1990). They were most abundant in April when 47% of the estimated annual total of 104 fish were impinged. Most mummichogs likely survive impingement at Manchester Street Station (93%, n = 29; MRI 1997). Individuals measuring less than 53 mm impinged during the winter were assumed to be age 0. Those between 55 and 70 mm impinged during spring were assumed to be age 1 and those greater than 100 mm im pinged during late winter age 2. An annual survival rate of 0.46 was applied to age 1 fish (Meredith 1975 cited in Clayton et al. 1978). Following these guidelines and conservatively as suming an impingement survival rate of 75%, 104 impinged mummichogs would equate to 23 age 2 equivalent adults.

High vs Low-Pressure Collections

When repowered, the Manchester Street Station intake screens were fitted with separate high and low-pressure fish removal and return systems to maximize impingement survival. The impingement survival study comple ted early in 1997 indicated that, in most cases, fish returned to the river via the low-pressure system had a hi gher probability of survival than those returned via the high- pressure system (MRI 1997).

Numbers of fish collected in the high a nd low-pressure return systems in 2005 were enumerated separately to examine system effici ency. Extrapolated totals by sampling location

were examined on an annual basis for the 2005 numerical dominants and all others pooled (Figure 6, Table 4). Annual low-pressure return efficiency results are included for those species common enough during the ten complete years following repowering (1996-2005) to make comparisons (Figure 7). Percent removal by the low-pressure system was also examined on a monthly basis where possible for Atlantic herri ng, winter flounder, Atlan tic silverside, tautog, and Atlantic menhaden. These sp ecies were collected often enough over the course of the year to provide at least three separate monthly values (Figures 8 and 9). For each of these species

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# collections were pooled from the 1995-2004 seasons to provide information on past results. Data from July through December 1995 were included since the new screen wash system was operational at that time. Monthly percentages based on estimate d extrapolated totals of less than 110 fish were omitted from these figures since thos e values represent small, actual sample sizes

of less than 15 fish.

Consistent with the late half of July 1995 through 2004 results (M RI 2005), collections clearly showed that the majority of impinged fish were returned to the Providence River via the low-pressure wash system and were therefore no t subjected to the high-pressure sprays required to effectively remove impinged debris ( Figures 6, 7 ) . Annual 2005 low-pressure return rates were highest for cunner (88%). The system was leas t efficient overall for silver hake (44%). For all other species, a combined rate of 71% was re corded. Comparing low-pressure efficiency for 1996-2005, the ten complete years available, for speci es collected regularly the time series shows percentages to be generally consistent with a range between 55 and 97%. Eight exceptions were observed. The 1998 and 2005 values for menhaden (38 and 51%, respectively) appear low compared to 1996 to 2004 values, and the 1999 and 2001 values for northern pipefish, ( Sygnathus fuscus ; 34 and 30%, respectively) were low compared to its 1996-2004 efficiency percentages (2002 thru 2005 numbers of fish co llected were too few to evaluate wash efficiency). The 2002, 2003 and 2004 values fo r Atlantic silverside (20, 30 and 47 %, respectively) appear to be low compared to the other 1996 to 2001 values. Lastly, the 2005 values for winter flounder (46 %) were lowest compared to the 1996 to 2004 values. No clear explanation is apparent for the lower than expe cted values although some previous collections have coincided with large numbers of leaves an d trash with which these fish may have become entangled. Entanglement of fish in aquatic vege tation was believed to reduce low-pressure wash efficiency at the RESCO facility in Saugus, MA (MRI 1988).

The monthly low-pressure efficiency valu es, where sufficient numbers of fish were impinged, indicated that 2005 values were consis tent with previous monthly estimates. Menhaden values for five months ranged from 16 % (February) to 61% (October). Low-pressure efficiency values for menhaden appeared low rela tive to previous seasons (Figure 8). The low efficiency for February may be an anomaly due to the short sample times (4 hours) on the lowpressure side due to the Provi dence River being frozen (see methods). January and December were the only months that silv ersides had a greater than averag e (based on the pooled data set from 1995 – 2004) low-pressure re turn efficiency (99 and 76%, respectively) in 2005. Winter flounder values for ten months ranged from 15% (J anuary) to 99% (August). April, July, August and October were the only months to have above average low-pressure return efficiency values in 2005 compared with the pooled data from 1995-2004 (Figure 9). Tautog were caught in sufficient numbers in September and October (9 2 and 100%, respectively) to assess the monthly low-pressure efficiency. Both values exceeded the pooled data set (Figure 9).

# 12



# Normandeau Associates, Inc. Multi-year Impingement Comparisons

The number of species represented in the cat ch in 2005 (46) ranked fifth out of 28 years and exceeded the long term mean of 32 species dating back to 1975 2 

# . Since repowering, there does not appear to be any appa rent trends in RIS abundance.

Impingement totals by species for 2005 were compared with pa st data sets. Totals for 2005 as well as 1992 through 2004 are tabulated together with the geometric mean for the 1975 through 1993, 1996-2004 time series (Table 1). The 1992 through 2005 sample years are tabulated together because the sampling regime changed in 1992 (see Methods). Annual totals for 1975 through 2005 appear in Table 5 with the exception of 1980 when an impingement survival study replaced the regular abundanc e program. Although shown, totals for 1994 and 1995 represent only a portion of the year becaus e the screens were re placed between October 1994 and mid-July 1995. Estimated annual impingeme nt values for 19 select ed species plus all species combined are presented in Figure 11 (1994 and 1995 were omitted here). The list of 19 includes the typical numerical dominants plus a ny RIS which have been numerically important in past years regardless of thei r rank in 2005. To facilitate comparison of 2005 values with past years, standard normal scores or standard deviates (also referred to as Z scores) were computed for each species. Standard scores express the degree of departure from the long-term mean in

terms of the standard devi ation (see for example Zar 1974, Chase and Brown 1992, Sokal and Rohlf 1995). Since the 28 a nnual totals (1975-1 993, 1996-2004, 1980 excluded) for any given species do not conform to the normal distributi on in most cases because of occasional high values, totals were first log-transformed ln (x + 1). Spot checks (Ryan and Joiner 1976) confirmed that this procedure no rmalized each species' data set except for rarely encountered species, i.e. where many years contained zeros (Tab le 5); in these cases the standard scores are recognized as somewhat biased.

The annual impingement fish total for a ll species for 2005 wa s 409,247, ranking fourth over the 29-year time series (Figure 10). Review ing individual species totals, those impinged in particularly high numbers in 2005 (positive standa rd scores) compared to past years included Atlantic menhaden, Atlantic herring, and winter flounder. The 2005 totals for Atlantic herring and winter flounder ranked first, and Atlantic menhaden fourth over th e 29-years (Figure 11, Table 5).

Winter flounder’s annual impingement tota l of 29,942 fish ranked first and was 6.3 times the time series mean (4,779 fish, Figure 10). Since the winter flounder impinged were young fish, the high numbers suggest that the 2004 a nd 2005 year classes were relatively strong.

Mummichog were impinged in relatively low numbers in 2005 ranking 25th (104 fish, 34% of their long term mean of 309 fish). American eel ( Anguila rostrata ) abundance on the

screens have been declini ng since 1996 (Figure 10).

2 

# construction-shortened 1994 and 1995 seasons were excluded from the mean.

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. 13



# Impingement Rates vs Flow and Temperature

For each year from 1992 to 2005 total numbers of fish impinged each week were compared with intake water temperature (mid -depth readings) and through-plant flow rates (Appendix Table 1) to determine if any relationshi p can be demonstrated among these variables. Both temperature and flow have been shown to influence fish impingement rates at other power

station intake structures (see for example Grimes 1975, Lifton and Storr 1978, Turnpenny 1983, Harmon et al. 1999). That impingement might incr ease as water velocity increases through the

screens is self-evident. At hi gher velocities fish are more likel y to drift onto the screens and once there greater water pressure will make it mo re difficult to swim away. Impingement often increased with declining water temperatures, presum ably as a direct result of declining metabolic activity. Fish also move to deeper water in wi nter to escape cold surface waters while intake velocity at the face of the sc reens often increases with dept h because the pump intakes are

located near bottom.

Since repowering in 1995, th e water temperature and numb ers of fish impinged were significantly correlated in only 4 out of the past 11 years. Numbers of fish were first logtransformed before Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. Since some annual data sets deviated from normality even following loge transformation, nonparametric Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficients (r

s 

# ) were also calculated (Table 6). A statistically significant negative correlation with water temperature was f ound in 1992, 1993, and 1997. The relationship was strongest in 1992 before th e intake screens were upgraded (r = -0.695, probability, p < 0.001). That season 48% of th e variation in numbers impinged could be explained by water temperature. The inverse re lationship between numbers impinged and water temperature during those years supports the postu late that fish are more susceptible to impingement during cold-water months when th eir metabolism, reaction time, and swimming ability are at a minimum. For some species overall condition ma y also be poorer during winter when less food is available. High impingement to tals for January 2005 was consistent with the cold water pattern.

The 1998, 1999, and 2001 data se ts contrasted with 1992, 1993, and 1997 in that numbers impinged and water temperature were positively correlated. The positive relationship between water temperature and numbers impinged during t hose years may be attributable to strong positive correlations between temperature and flow; r = 0.755, p = 0.001 in 1998, r = 0.426, p = 0.002 in 1999, and r = 0.308, p = 0.026 in 2001. Hi ghest mean monthly flow rates in 1998, 1999, and 2001 occurred in July, August, and Septembe r, the warmest time of year. Variation in

intake flow with season of the year reflects to some extent re gional power requirements. In years preceding 1998 either no statistic ally significant correlation between flow and temperature (1994, 1996) was found or the relationship was inverse (1993, 1995, 1997), intake flow averaging higher during winter. It is also notable that juvenile Atlantic menhaden contributed a high percentage of the impingement catch from 1999 to 2005. These fish are most abundant inshore during summer and early fall when wate r temperatures are near their seasonal highs.

Statistically significant correlations with intake flow were observed in seven of the fourteen years examined - 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2001. In each case the relationship was positive suggesting that impinge ment increases with increasing flow. The 1994

# 14



# Normandeau Associates, Inc. data set presented the strongest case (r = 0.596, p = 0.001) , 36% of the variation in number impinged being explained by intake flow. In 2005 there was no apparent correlation between flow and loge fish (r = 0.228, p = 0.104). Since neither the log transformed number of fish impinged nor station flow were normally distribut ed, the straight correlation coefficient should be viewed with caution. As Figure 12 displays, f our flow regimes predominated during the year,

three of the four with a wide ra nge of impingement rates. While the remaining data show little relationship over the range of flows at which the plant operated, the indication is that impingement drops off at low flow.

Year 2002 proved to be only the third, with the exception of the short 1995 season and 2000, in which neither water temp erature (r = 0.240 p = 0.086) nor flow (r = -0.096, p = 0.499) were statistically correlated with numbers of fish impinged, inconsistent with previous years. The first time no correlation appeared was in 2000. The absence of a relationship with flow in 2000 and 2002 was likely due, at least in part, to lim ited range in flow. Ov er the course of the respective years 69% and 48% of the impingement samples were collected under the same circulating water flow rate (10.8 million gallons pe r hour). Reasons for lack of correlation with temperature during those two years are not readily apparent but si milar results were obtained in 1994, 1996, and 2000 as well.

Data sets from 1995 through 2005 were pooled to encompass years following replacement of the intake screens with high and lo w pressure spray headers, Ristroph-type screen panels, and continuous operation. With the pooled data set numbers of fish impinged were positively correlated with water temperatur e (r = 0.110, p = 0.01; Figure 12). However, regression analysis indicated th at only 2% of the variation in numbers impinged from 1995 - 2005 could be explained by water temperature. The pooled data set 1995 to 2005 , like the 2005 data, (R

s 

# = 0.039, p = 0.364) was not normally distributed and the Spearman rank coefficients were not statistically significant. The amount of varia tion in the data is re markable and reflected

in the low correlation coefficients.

Results of the individual annual analyses as well as the multi-year view indicate that much of the variation in numbers of fish impi nged remains unexplained. Likely other sources

include random and non-random movements of i ndividual fish and fish schools coupled with natural cycles of seasonal activit y and variations in population size. Fish move in and out of the intake canal as they forage for food and likely encounter the intake screens as they do so. Other

individuals no doubt encounter the face of the screens unintentionally as they seek to evade predators. The accumulation of debris on the tr ash racks at both the hurricane barrier and the intake itself, in spite of best efforts to mini mize it, probably creates areas of increased flow, which can lead to additional impi ngement among individuals that w ould avoid design flow rates. In some locations strong winds associated with significant storm events have been associated with high rates of impingemen t (NUSCO 1987, NAI 1996). No wind effect has been noted at the Manchester Street intake, perhaps because it is well protected from all but southerly winds.

The large numbers of young-of-the-year me nhaden impinged in late summer 1999 to 2005 extending into the fall and wi nter of those years reflect to a certain extent the timing between the presence of strong y ear classes of fish susceptible to impingement and high seasonal intake flow rates. Menhaden travel in very dense schools and are often attracted both to intake

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. 15



# and discharge currents. Once the schools arrive, ther e appears to be a slight observable pattern to numbers impinged. Their abundance in recent years could account for the small amount of explained variation in numbers impi nged within discrete ye ars as well as the pooled data set. To explore this possibility further correlation coeffi cients were recalculated individually for 1999 through 2005 after removing menhaden from the data sets. Somewhat surp risingly in each case, no relationship was apparent between numbers imp inged and temperature or flow (Table 6).

To explore the possible contri bution of population size to numbers impinged total annual impingement at Manchester Street was compared with that at Brayton Point Station in the northeast corner of Narragansett Bay. Annual totals were available for Brayton Point for each year in which they were recorded at Manchest er Street through 2004. If fish populations vary somewhat uniformly in upper Narragansett Bay in general rather then disproportionately between the east and west sections, then numbe rs impinged might be correlated between both power stations assuming no major changes in ci rculating water use patterns. Non-parametric Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated th at numbers impinged were correlated between

location for Atlantic menhaden (r

s 

# = 0.575, p = 0.002), and weakfish (r

s 

# = 0.395, p = 0.046; Figure 14) but not for alewife (r

s 

# = -0.103, p = 0.618), blueback herring (r

s 

# = 0.383, p = 0.054), white perch (r

s 

# = -0.255, p = 0.509), tautog (r

s 

# = 0.146, p = 0.476), or winter flounder (r

s 

# = - 0.291, p = 0.149). These results sugge st that east and west Narr agansett Bay carry similar population signals for menhaden and weakfish, whic h are reflected in numbers impinged despite the great variation with flow rates. Both spec ies are migratory, utilizing the Bay for spawning and nursery area, young-of-the-year accounting fo r the majority of fish impinged. The remaining species which appear to be impinged i ndependently between east and west sides of the Bay consist of resident and anadromous species which likely consist of distinct subpopulations.

Invertebrates

Macroinvertebrates impinged on the Manche ster Street intake screens in 2005 are tabulated by month in Table 7. For comparison monthly totals for 1992 through 2004 are included since they are the only years during which invertebrates were enumerated from impingement collections. Numerical dominant s in 2005 included the seven-spine bay shrimp ( Crangon septemspinosa – 5,695 animals), blue crabs ( Callinectes sapidus – 883 animals), lady crab ( Ovalipes ocellatus – 344 animals) and green crabs ( Carcinus maenas – 277 animals). These four species accounted for 78, 12, 5 and 4%, resp ectively, of the year’s invertebrate total. Seven-spine bay shrimp were impinged only in March. The majority of the seven-spine bay shrimp (>99%) were removed by the low-pressure system. Blue crabs were impinged primarily in November. The majority of blue crabs (92%) were returned to the river via the low-pressure system in 2005. Lady crabs were sampled from October to December with 72% (254 crabs) captured in November. Lady crab s were removed from the scr eens primarily (91%) by the lowpressure system. Green crabs were sampled in June and from August to December.

Impingement of invertebrates has been highl y variable over the tw elve complete years and two incomplete years for which data are av ailable (Figure 14). Blue crabs were uncommon in 1992 (37 total), 1993 (70) and 2004 (83), relatively abundant in 1996 (9,098) and 1998

# 16



# Normandeau Associates, Inc. (8,117), and most abundant in 1999, 2000, an d 2001 (15,384, 17,818, 15,110, respectively).

Blue crab abundance increased in 2005 following three years of steady decline. Bay shrimp followed a similar pattern but declined after 1996 (42,708 animals) until 1998 (7,691 animals), and then increased in 1999 and 2000 (18,673 and 671,977, respectively). Bay shrimp, after being absent from the 2002 collections and relatively low in 2003 (282), were moderately abundant in 2005 (5,695). Green crabs ( Carcinus maenas ) were absent from the 1992, 1993 and 2003 collections, appeared in incr easing numbers in the shortene d 1994 (5 in 9 months) and 1995 seasons (3,413 in 6 months), and were re latively abundant in 1997 (5,505) and 1998 (5,456). Since 1999, green crabs have not been abundant ranging from 12 in 2004 to 53 in 2000. Lady crab numbers varied with no apparent trend.

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. 17



# Literature Cited

Ahrenholz, D.W., W.R. Nelson, and S.P. Eperly. 1987. Population and fishery characteristics of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus . Fishery Bulletin U.S. 85(3):569-600.

Almeida, F.P. 1987. Stock definition of silver hake in the New England-Middle Atlantic area.

North American Journal of Fish eries Management. 7(2):169-186

and E.D. Anderson. 1978. Status of the southe rn New England-Middle Atlantic silver hake

stock - 1978. National Marine Fisher ies Laboratory Reference 78-55. 19p.

Anthony, V.C. and G.T. Waring. 1980. Estimates of herring spawning stock biomass and egg production for the Georges Bank-Gulf of Main e region. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization. SCR Document 80/IX/135. 38p

ASMFC (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Co mmission). 2004. Atlantic Menhaden Stock Assessment Report for Peer Review. Stoc k Assessment Report No. 04-01 (Supplement)

of the Atlantic States Mari ne Fisheries Commission. 160p.

Bayliff, W.H. Jr. 1950. The life history of the silverside Menidia menidia (Linnaeus). Chesapeake Biological Laborat ory Publication 90. 30p.

Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroede r. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Fishery Bulletin 74. 577p.

Chase, W. and F. Brown. 1992. General Statistics. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 645p + appendix.

Chenoweth, S.B. 1963. Spawning and fecundity of the tautog, Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus). M.S. Thesis. Graduate School of Oceanography, Un iversity of Rhode Island, Kingston. 60p.

Clayton, G., C. Cole, S. Murawski and J. Pa rrish. 1978. Common marine fishes of coastal

Massachusetts. Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Serv ice, Amherst, Mass. 231p.

Cole, C.F, R.J. Essig, and O.R. Sarrelle. 1978. Biological investig ation of the alewife population, Parker River, Massachusetts. Fi nal Report (unpublished). National Marine Fisheries Service (P.L. 89-304).

Collette and Klein-MacPhee 2002

Conover, D.O. 1979. Density, growth, production and fecundity of the Atlantic silverside,

Menidia menidia (Linnaeus), in a central New Engla nd estuary. M.S. Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 59p.

# 18



# Normandeau Associates, Inc. and B.E. Kynard. 1984. Field and laborat ory observations of spawning periodicity behavior of a northern populati on of the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia (Pisces: Atherinidae). Environmental Bi ology of Fishes 11(3):161-171.

and M.R. Ross. 1982. Patterns in seasonal a bundance, growth and biomass of the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia , in a New England estuary. Estuaries 5(4):275-286.

Cooper, R.A. 1967. Age and growth of the tautog, Tautoga onitis , from Rhode Island. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 96:134-142.

Dominion Energy Brayton Point LLC 2005

Durbin, A.G., E.G. Durbin, T.J. Smayda, and P.G. Verity. 1983. Age, size, growth, and chemical composition of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus , from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Fisherie s Bulletin U.S. 81(1):133-142.

Fogarty, M.J. and S.H. Clark. 1983. Status of Atlantic herring resources in the Gulf of Maine region - 1983. National Marine Fisheries Se rvice, Woods Hole Laboratory Reference Document No. 83-46. 33p.

Fritz, E.S. and E.T. Garside. 1975. Compar ison of age composition, growth, and fecundity between two populations each of Fundulus heteroclitus and F. diaphanus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). Canadian J ournal of Zoology 53(4):361-369..

Gibson, M.R. 1989a. A study and comparison of winter flounder growth rates in several northeast Atlantic populations from New Je rsey to Newfoundland with emphasis on

Rhode Island. Rhode Island Division Fish and Wildlife. Res. Ref. Doc. 89/5.

1989b. Alewife restoration st udies January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1988. R.I. Department of Environment Management, Division of Fi sh and Wildlife. Performance Report, Project No. F-26-R-23. 21p.

1993a. Stock assessment of winter flounder in Rhode Island, 1992: A report to the RI

Marine Fisheries Council. Rhode Island Divisi on Fish and Wildlife. Res. Ref. Doc.

93/1.

1993b. Population dynamics of winter flounder in Mount Hope Bay in relation to operations at the Brayton Point electric plant. Rhode Island Division Fish and Wildlife. Unpublished.

Grimes, C.B. 1975. Entrapment of fishes on inta ke water screens at a steam electric generating station. Chesapeake Science 16(3):172-177.

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. 19



# Harmon, P.L., D. Mathur, and R.M. Matty, Jr. 1999. Design of CWIS in accordance with fish swim speed measurements at Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station. In: Proceedings EPRI Power Generation Impacts on Aquatic Resources Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Helser, T.E. 1996. Growth of silver hake with in the U.S. continental shelf ecosystem of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology 48:1059-1073.

, E.M. Thunberg, and R.K. Mayo. 1996. An age-structured bioeconomic simulation of

U.S. silver hake fisheries. North Amer ican Journal of Fisheries Management 16:783-

794.

Howell, P., A. Howe, M. Gibson, and S. Ayvazian. 1992. Fishery management plan for inshore stocks of winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus . Fishery Management Report No.

21. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. 138p.

Lifton, W.S. and J.F. Storr. 1978. The effect of environmental variables on fish impingement. p299-311 In Jensen, L.D. (ed.) Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. 5 December 1977 Hyatt Regency O'Hare Hotel, Chicago, Il. EA Communications, New York.

Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. 1999. Menhaden management changes coming. DMF News p8.

MRI (Marine Research, Inc.). 1997. Post-impingement survival study Manchester Street Station January 1996-February 1997. Prepared for Narragansett Electric Company and New England Power Company April 1997.

. 1988. Saugus River Biological Monitoring Program Post-operation al Summary Report,

1986-1987. Prepared for Wehran Engineering, Middletown, NY.

. 2000. Impingement monitoring at Manchest er Street Station 1999. Submitted to U S

Gen New England, Inc.. 58p + appendix.

_____. 2006. Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Monito ring at Manchester Street Station, Providence, Rhode Island, 2005. Prepared fo r Dominion Energy Manchester Street, Inc. Providence, Rhode Island

NAI (Normandeau Associates, In c.). 1996. Seabrook Station 1995 environmental studies in the Hampton-Seabrook area. A characterizati on of environmental conditions during the operation of Seabrook Station. Prepared for North Atlantic Energy Service Corporation.

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Section 316 Demonstration for the Manchester Street Station Repowering Project. Revised May 1990.

# 20



# Normandeau Associates, Inc. NFSC (Northeast Fisheries Sc ience Center). 1998. 27 th 

# Northeast regional stock assessment workshop (27 th 

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resources off the northeastern United Stat es for 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-115. 149p.

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Olla, B.L., A.J. Bejda and A.D. Martin. 1974. Daily activity, movements, feeding and seasonal occurrence in the tautog, Tautoga onitis . Fisheries Bulletin U.S. 72(1):27-35.

Overholtz, W. 2000. Atlantic herring - survey status. National Marine Fisheries Service.

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Rose, K.A., J.A. Tyler, R.C. Chambers, G. Kl ein-MacPhee, and D.J. Danila. 1996. Simulating winter flounder population dynamics using c oupled individual-based young-of-the-year and age-structured adult models. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53(5):1071-1091.

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Setzler, E.M., W.R. Boynton, K. V. Wood, H.H. Zion, L. Lubbers, N. K. Mountford, P. Frere, L. Tucker, and J.A. Mihursky. 1980. Synopsis of biological data on striped bass, Morone

saxatilis (Walbaum). U.S. Department of Commerce. NOAA Technical Report NMFS

Circular 433.

Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. Third Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. 887p.

Tatham, T.R., D.L. Thomas, and G.J. Miller. 1978. Survival of fishes and macroinvertebrates impinged at Oyster Creek Ge nerating Station. p235-243 In : Jensen, L.D. (Ed). Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impi ngement. Chicago, IL. December 1977.

Turnpenny, A.W.H. 1983. Multiple regression analysis for forecast ing critical fish influxes at power station intakes. Jour nal of Applied Ecology 20:33-42.

Witherell, D.B. and J. Burnett. 1993. Growth and maturation of winter flounder, Pleuronectes

americanus , in Massachusetts. Fisher y Bulletin U.S. 91(4):816-820.

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. 21



# Zar, J.H. 1974. Biostatistical Analysis. Pren tice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 620p.

# North Discharge

Diffuser Box High Pressure Fish Return

Low Pressure Fish Return Manchester

Street Station

Intake

gate Intake Canal

Figure 1. Aerial photo of the Providence River showing Manchester Street Station and approximate location of high and low-pressure screen-wash return lines.Figure 3. Estimated monthly impingement totals for Atlantic menhaden, Atlantic herring, Winter flounder, Atlantic silverside,silver hake, cunner, tautog, and total fish Manchester Street Station,2005. Solid lines indicate the percent of total taken each month for 1992, 1993, 1996-2004 pooled.Atlantic Menhaden (RIS)Monthly Estimated Impingement Totals,,,,,,,,,,,,Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec1101001,00010,000100,0001,000,000Number of Fish010203040506070Percent Of Total2005 1992-2004,Atlantic Herring (RIS)Monthly Estimated Impingement Totals''''''''''' 'Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec101001,00010,000100,0001,000,00001020304050Percent Of Total2005 1992-2004'Winter Flounder (RIS)Monthly Estimated Impingement Totals,,,,,,,,,,,,Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec101001,00010,000100,000Numbers of Fish051015202530Percent Of Total2005 1992-2004,Atlantic Silverside (RIS)Monthly Estimated Impingement Totals&&&&&&&&&&&&Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec1101001,00010,000Numbers of Fish0255075Percent of Total2005 1992-2004&Figure 3. (continued).Silver HakeMonthly Estimated Impingement Totals''''''''''''Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec101001,00010,000010203040Percent Of Total2005 1992-2004'CunnerMonthly Estimated Impingement Totals,,,,,,,,,,,,Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec04080120160200240280320360400440480520560600Numbers Of Fish0510152025Percent Of Total2005 1992-2004,Tautog (RIS)Monthly Estimated Impingement Totals,,,,,,,,,,,,Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec050100150200250300Numbers Of Fish051015202530Percent Of Total2005 1992-2004,Total FishMonthly Estimated Impingement Totals,,,,,,,,,,,,Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec1001,00010,000100,0001,000,000Number of Fish0102030405060Percent Of Total2005 1992-2004,Figure 4. Length-frequency data for Atlantic menhaden (a), winter flounder January-April (b), May-August (c), September-December (d) impinged on theManchester Street intake screens, 2005.(d)(c)(b)(a)Atlantic MenhadenLength FrequencyJanuary - December 2005Manchester Street Screen30405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300Length Class (mm)05101520253035Percent of TotalMean = 62(s.e.= 1.49)n = 411Winter FlounderLength FrequencyJanuary - April 2005Manchester Street Screens30507090110130150170190210230250270290310330350Length Class (mm)0510152025Percent of TotalMean = 102 (s.e.= 1.92)n = 443Winter FlounderLength FrequencyMay - August 2005Manchester Street Screens30507090110130150170190210230250270290310330Length Class (mm)05101520Percent of TotalMean = 106 (s.e. = 2.97)n = 106Winter FlounderLength FrequencySeptember - December 2005Manchester Street Screens30507090110130150170190210230250270290310330Length Class (mm)0510152025Percent of TotalMean = 98 (s.e. = 4.69)n = 85Figure 5. Length-frequency data for Atlantic silverside January-June (a), July-December (b), Atlantic herring (c), Silver hake(d) impinged on the ManchesterStreet intake screens, 2005.(d)(c)(b)(a)Atlantic SilversideLength FrequencyJanuary - June 2005Manchester Street Screens30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140Length Class (mm)05101520253035Percent of TotalMean = 84 (s.e.= 1.42)n = 111Atlantic SilversideLength FrequencyJuly - December 2005Manchester Street Screens30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180Length Class (mm)0102030405060Percent of TotalMean = 84 (s.e. =4.48)n = 26Atlantic HerringLength FrequencyJanuary - December 2005Manchester Street Screens405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220Length Class (mm)010203040Percent of TotalMean = 90 (s.e.= 1.59)n = 135Silver HakeLength FrequencyJanuary - December 2005Manchester Street Screens30405060708090100110120130140150Length Class (mm)051015202530Percent of TotalMean = 101 (s.e.= 1.72)n = 76

# Figure 7. Percent of total number of fish collected at Manchester Street Station which were found in the low pressure return line for selected numerically dominant fish, 1996-2005. Figure 6. Percent of the annual total collected in high and low-pressure return lines for numerically dominant fish plus "all others", 2005. 

# Manchester Street Station - 2005

Fish Return System Efficiency

A

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# Manchester Street Station

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# Figure 8. Percent of total collected in the Manchester Street Station low pressure return line by month for Atlantic menhaden (top) and Atlantic silverside 2005. Bars indicate percent by month for pooled collections from 1995-2004. 

# Atlantic Menhaden - 2005

Low Pressure Return Efficiency

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# Figure 9. Percent of total collected in the Manchester Street Station low pressure return lines by month for winter flounder (top) and tautog 2005. Bars indicate percent by month percent by month for pooled collections from 1995-2004. 

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Low Pressure Return Efficiency

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2005 1995-2004 

# ,Figure 10. Estimated annual totals for 19 species of fish plus total fish impinged on the Manchester Street intake screens, 1975-2005 (1980, 1994, 1995 excluded, see text). The geometricmean over the 1975-2004 times series is shown by a horizontal lin in each case.Alewife (RIS)Manchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year03006009001,2001,5001,8002,1002,4002,7003,0003,3003,600Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanAmerican EelManchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year1101001,00010,000100,0001,000,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year101001,00010,000100,0001,000,00010,000,000100,000,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanFigure 10. (continued).Atlantic Silversides (RIS)Manchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year101001,00010,000100,0001,000,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanAtlantic TomcodManchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year04008001,2001,6002,0002,4002,8003,200Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year1101001,00010,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanFigure 10. (continued).1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year05001,0001,5002,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year101001,00010,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year101001,00010,000100,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year02004006008001,0001,200Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanFigure 10. (continued).Silver Hake (RIS)Manchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year1001,00010,000100,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year101001,00010,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year04008001,2001,6002,0002,4002,8003,200Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanWeakfish (RIS)Manchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year04008001,2001,6002,0002,4002,800Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanFigure 10. (continued).White PerchManchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year1101001,00010,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanWindowpaneManchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year05001,0001,5002,000Number of FishAnnual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric MeanWinter Flounder (RIS)Manchester Street Intake Screens1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year0510152025Number of Fish (Thousands)Annual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean1975197619771978197919811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931996199719981999200020012002200320042005Year1,00010,000100,0001,000,00010,000,000100,000,000Annual Total 1975-1993,1996-2004 Geometric Mean

# Figure 11. Relationship between numbers of fish impinged (loge) and flow (top) and water temperature, all species combined, Manchester Street Station, 2005. 

# Manchester Street Station

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# Figure 12. Relationship between numbers of fish impinged (loge) and flow (top) and water temperature, all species combined, Manchester Street Station, 1992-2005. 

# Manchester Street Station

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Water Temperature (C) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Loge Total Fish Per 24 Hours

Rs = 0.039, p = 0.364



# Manchester Street Station

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# Figure 13. Comparison of loge annual number impinged at Manchester Street Station and Brayton Point Station, Atlantic menhaden and weakfish, 1975-2005. 

# Atlantic Menhaden Impin g ement

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# 37Blue CrabManchester StreetIntake ScreensScreens were not sampled from October 1994 through June 199537298706629,0987708,11715,38417,81815,1091,333297838831992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051101001,00010,000100,000Seven-spine Bay ShrimpManchester StreetIntake ScreensScreens were not sampled from October 1994 through June 19959051832,79942,70817,1267,69118,673671,99723,39728242,0785,6951992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051101001,00010,000100,0001,000,000Green CrabManchester StreetIntake ScreensScreens were not sampled from October 1994 through June 199553,4131,9545,5055,456655535722122771992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051101001,00010,000Lady CrabManchester StreetIntake ScreensScreens were not sampled from October 1994 through June 19954,654374224,12161,0981,6893934052135113361,1653441992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005101001,00010,000100,000Species 2005 2005 Z Score 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1993 1992GeometricMean 75-93, 96-2004Atlantic menhaden 194,189 0.8887 56,889 56,968 11,642,543 884,212 130,042 9,808,927 979 5,527 71,643 247 159,328 14,603Atlantic herring 170,912 1.9900 29,570 4,157 39 499 24,026 22,667 66,150 1,565 10,708 0 187 262Winter flounder 29,942 1.8538 15,997 11,283 8,850 14,622 3,948 9,716 5,902 13,398 15,360 1,935 1,660 4,997Atlantic silverside 6,145 0.1074 768 5,086 242,786 3,875 1,096 7,317 1,970 58,036 30,712 804 3,215 5,160Silver hake 1,536 0.2717 10,129 27,305 178 626 115 1,421 911 536 154 212 626 906Atlantic tomcod 1,292 0.8357 2,033 696 639 1,178 388 412 896 500 3,087 39 15 182Cunner 1,267 1.1987 821 404 4,192 2,420 674 1,942 756 358 610 0 19 37Tautog 810 0.5852 891 895 1,993 1,449 337 753 1,295 2,075 465 92 20 273White perch 638 0.5274 3,991 3,744 313 2,908 754 2,348 270 6,537 749 2,896 392 192Alewife 456 0.2181 439 406 70 2,601 343 107 102 128 134 0 6 312Weakfish 269 0.4741 0 0 135 246 40 327 2,732 2,451 60 0 82 78Bluegill 186 0.1791 55 266 85 228 94 92 2,118 46 597 0 69 134Bluefish 182 0.9207 0 20 10 7 7 10,454 0 0 17 0 0 16Grubby 169 1.3544 45 39 14 243 13 574 147 314 223 12 0 6Windowpane 151 -0.2052 129 34 0 959 127 119 191 1110 591 38 123 207Oyster toadfish 132 1.2952 272 660 455 419 88 77 67 45 0 0 0 4Mummichog 104 -0.4402 42 164 154 293 144 7 289 605 691 326 165 309Striped searobin 90 0.6464 28 464 38 6,024 76 53 30 19 0 43 718 16Threespine stickleback 88 -0.3185 416 346 110 749 1,703 398 212 800 545 136 110 161Smallmouth flounder 60 1.1675 21 49 35 21 35 159 52 62 109 21 0 5Largemouth bass 58 2.2718 7 7 38 9 0 29 6 0 28 0 0 2Northern pipefish 57 -0.7392 59 7 90 114 176 998 831 719 495 110 7 55American eel 54 -1.6076 134 143 257 174 288 555 559 757 1,364 51 34 241Hogchoker 45 0.1998 65 192 281 41 12 196 238 51 184 12 8 27Butterfish 41 0.2031 7 51 26 70 20 42 99 250 14 0 0 26Rainbow smelt 39 0.7724 13 47 0 42 0 6 24 39 56 0 0 7American shad 38 1.9536 7 0 0 7 0 660600 1Golden shiner 38 3.4407 0 15 0 7 7 0 0 0 26 0 0 0Gizzard shad 34 2.6800 7 51 0 0 50 700000 1Striped killifish 34 -0.2947 7 121 306 101 13 47 26 42 113 37 25 66Summer flounder 31 0.9448 45 26 148 0 7 84 19 40 17 0 0 3Black crappie 24 1.4123 6 7 0 7 0 53 690700 2Black sea bass 20 0.8366 6 149 105 3,221 0 6 6 0 42 0 0 2Little skate 15 -0.4686 7 438 0 41 116 41 44 124 418 13 39 40Scup 14 0.4215 68 350 13 56 21 75 62 13 0 0 672 4Yellow perch 11 0 0 0 0 0 000000 0Atlantic cod 10 5.5613 0 0 0 0 0 700000 0Blueback herring 8 -1.4203 339 154 7 13 33 71 578 80 34 0 0 136Crevalle jack 8 0.3958 0 20 0 0 10 96 0 19 0 0 0 3Lookdown 8 2.5751 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0Common carp 7 2.3792 0 0 0 0 0 000000 0Conger eel 7 1.7865 0 0 0 19 0 1600000 0Fourspot flounder 7 0.5959 7 7 0 0 38 116 0 0 0 19 2Lumpfish 7 0.3897 0 0 7 259 0 37 0 305 0 0 0 2Pumpkinseed 7 1.2441 0 7 0 0 0 7 0 0 22 0 0 1Striped bass 7 0.7021 0 0 34 7 11 8 7 35 15 0 0 2Total 409,247 123,320 114,778 11,903,917 927,760 164,841 9,870,253 87,642 96,576 139,259 7,024 167,539Grand Total 409,247 123,382 115,619 11,904,170 928,257 165,192 9,870,753 88,014 96,849 139,479 7,151 167,635 66,344Table 1. Total estimated numbers impinged by species, Manchester Street Station, 2005. Standard scores for 2005, comparable totals for 1992 through 2004 as wellas the long-term mean (1975-1993, 1996-2004 are also shown (see footnotes).* Due to repowering upgrades, sampling in 1994 was only possible through September. Sampling in 1995 began in mid-July once new equipment became functional. These two years were notincluded in calculation of the time series means.Grand total includes fish taken in other years but were no listed because they were not taken in 2005. Refer to Table 5 for acomplete listing.

# Table 2. Estimated numbers of fish impinged on the Manchester Street intake screens by species and month, January-December 200 5.

Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total

Alewife 26 14 0 0 19 0 0 7 21 8 6 355 456

American Eel 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 0 26 7 54

American Shad 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 7 38

Atlantic Cod 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Atlantic Herring 21 0000 42,488 128,390 13 0 0 0 0 170,912
Atlantic Menhaden 36,900 6,034 0000 9 42,989 468 104,906 2,883 0 194,189
Atlantic Silverside 1,768 4,135 35 0 0 0 0 47 21 8 16 115 6,145

Atlantic Tomcod 153 35 106 138 85 15 47 540 20 0 19 134 1,292
Black Crappie 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 6 0 24

Black Sea Bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 14 20
Blueback Herring 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 8

Bluefish 0 0 0 0 0 168 0 0 7 0 0 7 182 Bluegill 0 0 0 82 6 13 0 0 0 49 36 0 186

Butterfish 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 6 7 41
Common Carp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 7 0 0 7 Conger Eel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 7 7

Crevalle Jack 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 8 0 8

Cunner 20 7 8 31 114 87 13 564 182 148 67 26 1,267 Fourspot Flounder 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 00 0 0 0 7

Gizzard Shad 21 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 34

Golden Shiner 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38
Grubby 7 21 84 41 10 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 169
Hogchoker 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 20 7 0 0 45 Largemouth Bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 0 0 58

Little Skate 7 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Lumpfish 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 7

Lookdown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 8 0 8 Mummichog 0 0 7 49 0 9 7 10 0 0 8 14 104
Northern Pipefish 7 0 14 8 7 0 0 7 0 0 0 14 57
Oyster Toadfish 0 0 0 0 10 23 14 14 14 15 21 21 132 Pumpkinseed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 7 0 0 7

Rainbow Smelt 26 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39
Scup 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 14
Silver Hake 151 1,323 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 1,536

Smallmouth Flounder 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 60 Striped Bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 7 7
Striped Killifish 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 07 7 6 7 34
Striped Searobin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 0 8 8 33 90

Summer Flounder 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 6 0 13 31
Tautog 20 47 49 26 38 31 9 87 169 191 71 72 810
Threespine Stickleback 0 48 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 88

Weakfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 21 19 102 105 269

White Perch 7 35 575 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 14 638
Windowpane 7 0 34 31 0 0 0 7 65 0 0 7 151
Winter Flounder 3,290 2,538 18,495 887 476 114 1,112 2,441 314 117 51 107 29,942

Yellow Perch 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11

Total Fish 42,484 14,272 19,501 1,358 775 42,973 129,619 46,831 1,343 105,585 3,378 1,128 409,247
Number of Species 19 16 13 13 10 12 9 17 15 18 20 24 46Table 3. Mean numbers of fish impinged per million gallons of through-plant flow, Manchester Street Station, January -December, 2005.Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec MeanAtlantic Menhaden 266.7750 43.3299 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0473 255.6805 2.8281 627.1177 17.2055 0.0000 101.0820Atlantic Herring 0.1150 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 267.7883 780.1928 0.0768 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 87.3477Winter Flounder 23.9413 41.0309 109.9073 5.2803 2.8075 0.6601 6.6245 14.2218 1.8802 0.6943 0.3034 0.6351 17.3322Atlantic Silverside 5.5234 37.9303 0.2029 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2746 0.1212 0.0445 0.0897 0.6876 3.7395Silver Hake 0.9920 13.5641 0.2897 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0770 1.2436Atlantic Tomcod 0.9364 0.2058 0.6201 0.8115 0.4985 0.1056 0.2776 3.1473 0.1191 0.0000 0.1111 0.7981 0.6359Cunner 0.1392 0.0413 0.0424 0.1869 0.6698 0.4322 0.0748 3.2914 1.0734 0.8692 0.3886 0.1540 0.6136Tautog 0.1150 0.3700 0.3032 0.1522 0.2224 0.1464 0.0473 0.5095 0.9981 1.1249 0.4199 0.4205 0.4025White Perch 0.0383 0.2450 3.5404 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0405 0.0000 0.0000 0.0816 0.3288Alewife 0.1533 0.1624 0.0000 0.0000 0.1108 0.0000 0.0000 0.0393 0.1214 0.0445 0.0299 2.0633 0.2271Weakfish 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1298 0.1200 0.1122 0.6039 0.6267 0.1327Bluefish 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3675 0.0000 0.0000 0.0403 0.0000 0.0000 0.0362 0.1203Bluegill 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4837 0.0338 0.0718 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2882 0.2138 0.0000 0.0910Grubby 0.0383 0.1502 0.4765 0.2462 0.0554 0.0346 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0834Windowpane 0.0383 0.0000 0.2028 0.1884 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0393 0.3917 0.0000 0.0000 0.0400 0.0750Oyster Toadfish 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0554 0.1713 0.0834 0.0786 0.0805 0.0858 0.1227 0.1216 0.0666Threespine Stickleback 0.0000 0.3966 0.2473 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0537Mummichog 0.0000 0.0000 0.0395 0.2946 0.0000 0.0684 0.0374 0.0588 0.0000 0.0000 0.0460 0.0816 0.0522Striped Searobin 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2357 0.0000 0.0445 0.0468 0.1924 0.0433Smallmouth Flounder 0.2300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1224 0.0294Largemouth Bass 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3448 0.0000 0.0000 0.0287Northern Pipefish 0.0383 0.0000 0.0763 0.0457 0.0372 0.0000 0.0000 0.0393 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0808 0.0265American Eel 0.0383 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0393 0.0386 0.0000 0.1525 0.0400 0.0257Summer Flounder 0.0000 0.0690 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0692 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0758 0.0000 0.0762 0.0242Rainbow Smelt 0.1839 0.0406 0.0369 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0218Hogchoker 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0998 0.0000 0.1174 0.0413 0.0000 0.0000 0.0215Butterfish 0.0383 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1230 0.0000 0.0000 0.0352 0.0362 0.0194Golden Shiner 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.2235 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0186American Shad 0.0000 0.0406 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1410 0.0408 0.0185Gizzard Shad 0.0625 0.0406 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0345 0.0000 0.0000 0.0115Black Crappie 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1034 0.0299 0.0000 0.0111Black Sea Bass 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0352 0.0816 0.0097Striped Killifish 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0390 0.0000 0.0299 0.0408 0.0091Little Skate 0.0625 0.0000 0.0000 0.0457 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0090Scup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0786 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0065Yellow Perch 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0593 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0049Atlantic Cod 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0554 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0046Crevalle Jack 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0460 0.0000 0.0038Lookdown 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0460 0.0000 0.0038Blueback Herring 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0457 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038Common Carp 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0413 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034Lumpfish 0.0000 0.0413 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034Pumpkinseed 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0413 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034Conger Eel 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0408 0.0034Striped Bass 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0408 0.0034Fourspot Flounder 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0373 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0031

## 42



# Table 4. Total estimated monthly catch for numerically dominant finfish and 'all others' partitioned by low and
high-pressure wash systems, Manchester Street Station, January - December 2005.

Atlantic Menhaden Atlantic Silverside Winter Flounder Atlantic Herring Low High Percent Low High Percent Low High Percent Low High Percent

Pressure Pressure Low Pressure Pressure Low Pressure Pressure Low Pressure Pressure Low

Jan 10,772 26,128 29.2% 1,749 19 98.9% 492 2,797 15.0% 21 0 100.0%
Feb 981 5,052 16.3% 1,727 2,408 41.8% 958 1,580 37.7% 0 0
Mar 0 0 28 7 80.0% 7,583 10,911 41.0% 0 0 Apr 0 0 0 0 754 133 85.0% 0 0 May 0 0 0 0 126 350 26.5% 0 0
Jun 0 0 0 0 65 37 63.7% 28,908 13,580 68.0%
Jul 8 0 100.0% 0 0 1,018 93 91.6% 115,363 13,025 89.9% Aug 22,086 20,903 51.4% 7 40 14.9% 2,426 14 99.4% 7 6 53.8% Sep 148 320 31.6% 13 7 65.0% 160 153 51.1% 0 0
Oct 64,105 40,801 61.1% 8 0 100.0% 98 18 84.5% 0 0
Nov 1,593 1,290 55.3% 5 10 33.3% 15 36 29.4% 0 0

Dec 0 0 87 28 75.7% 79 27 74.5% 0 0

Total 99693 94494 51.3% 3624 2519 59.0% 13774 16149 46.0% 144299 26611 84.4%

Cunner Tautog White Perch Silver Hake Low High Percent Low High Percent Low High Percent Low High Percent

Pressure Pressure Low Pressure Pressure Low Pressure Pressure Low Pressure Pressure Low

Jan 7 13 35.0% 14 6 70.0% 0 6 0.0% 101 50 66.9%

Feb 7 0 100.0% 21 26 44.7% 34 0 100.0% 540 782 40.8%

Mar 0 7 0.0% 43 6 87.8% 426 148 74.2% 34 14 70.8% Apr 31 0 100.0% 26 0 100.0% 0 0 0 0 May 37 76 32.7% 12 26 31.6% 0 0 0 0

Jun 86 0 100.0% 13 12 52.0% 0 0 0 0

Jul 12 0 100.0% 8 0 100.0% 0 0 0 0 Aug 527 37 93.4% 67 20 77.0% 0 0 0 0 Sep 175 7 96.2% 156 13 92.3% 7 0 100.0% 0 0

Oct 148 0 100.0% 191 0 100.0% 0 0 0 0

Nov 66 0 100.0% 63 8 88.7% 0 0 0 0

Dec 19 7 73.1% 64 7 90.1% 13 0 100.0% 6 7 46.2%

Total 1115 147 88.4% 678 124 84.5% 480 154 75.7% 681 853 44.4%

Atlantic Tomcod All Others Low High Percent Low High Percent

Pressure Pressure Low Pressure Pressure Low

Jan 101 51 66.4% 75 74 50.3%

Feb 35 0 100.0% 96 20 82.8%

Mar 71 34 67.6% 142 40 78.0% Apr 137 0 100.0% 235 38 86.1% May 9 76 10.6% 24 35 40.7%

Jun 6 8 42.9% 42 193 17.9%

Jul 0 47 0.0% 20 17 54.1% Aug 540 0 100.0% 130 16 89.0% Sep 20 0 100.0% 94 64 59.5%

Oct 0 0 152 60 71.7%

Nov 19 0 100.0% 176 89 66.4%

Dec 133 0 100.0% 574 65 89.8%

Total 1071 216 83.2% 1760 711 71.2%Table 5. Estimated numbers of fish impinged on the Manchester Street Station revolving screens January-December by species, 1975-2005 (1980 excluded).Species 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 199319941199521996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005African pompano0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 340600Alectis ciliarisAlewife 1,459 518 1,484 491 518 335 817 770 213 1,640 3,498 636 1,113 226 659 197 6 0 150 26 134 128 102 107 343 2,601 70 406 439 456Alosa pseudoharengusAmerican eel 119 168 238 245 707 1,106 718 647 209 187 106 330 103 124 62 324 34 51 24 391 1,364 757 559 555 288 174 257 143 134 54Anguilla rostrataAmerican shad0 0 0 0 0 0 208 56 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6 6 0 7 0 0 7 38Alosa sapidissimaAtlantic cod0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 10Gadus morhuaAtlantic herring 28 28 21 121 0 19 0 46 84 16,515 11 1,948 104 830 288 452 18700710,708 1,565 66,150 22,667 24,026 499 39 4,157 29,570 170,912Clupea harengusAtlantic mackerel 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000Scomber scombrusAtlantic menhaden 50,630 12,734 24,619 18,876 494 1,285 54 2,147 827 18,831 29,440 1,510 2,344 9,974 2,976 38,836 159,328 247 25 138 71,643 5,527 979 9,808,927 130,042 884,212 11,642,543 56,968 56,889 194,189Brevoortia tyrannusAtlantic moonfish0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 216 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 44 0 103 41 21 7 91 43 23 0Selene setapinnisAtlantic silverside 1,305 1,106 21,129 1,854 1,212 12,196 24,583 9,687 97 4,677 4,471 11,273 24,824 14,873 12,365 3,089 3,215 804 1,071 1,528 30,71258,036 1,970 7,317 1,096 3,875 242,786 5,086 768 6,145Menidia menidiaAtlantic tomcod 0 14 0 244 247 297 2,359 255 1,367 2,197 329 307 158 36 281 0 15 39 742 348 3,087 500 896 412 388 1,178 639 696 2,033 1,292Microgadus tomcodBanded killifish0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 20 0 200000Fundulus diaphanusBay anchovy 0 98 658 0 308 461 159 585 60 59 0 0 95 1,385 161 350 96 0 0 563 303 32 207 81 0 0 16 14 25 0Anchoa mitchilliBlack crappie0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 113 0 0 0 0 0 13 7 0 69 53 0 7 0 7 6 24Pomoxis nigromaculatusBlack sea bass 0 0 21 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 42 0 6 6 03,221 105 149 6 20Centropristis striataBlack spotted stickleback0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 70000Gasterosteus wheatlandiBlueback herring 168 70 273 791 492 1,089 7,799 500 301 502 164 233 1,012 164 247 164 0 0 6 110 34 80 578 71 33 13 7 154 339 8Alosa aestivalisBluefish 0 0 42 17 73 157 869 810 40 265 30 75 0 128 48 0 0 0 0 7 17 0 010,454 7 7 10 20 0 182Pomatomus saltatrixBluegill 84 154 287 338 967 492 1,100 224 744 58 89 803 49 254 50 0 69 0 29 70 597 46 2,118 92 94 228 85 266 55 186Lepomis macrochirusBlue runner 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 6 0 00000Caranx chrysosBrown bullhead0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 110000Ameiurus nebulosusTable 5. (continued).Species 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 199319941199521996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Brown Trout00000000000000000000000 0 0 00700Salmo truttaButterfish 0 112 112 37 114 90 0 0 52 283 367 0 95 386 48 40 0 0 0 18 14 250 99 42 20 70 26 51 7 41Peprilus triacanthusChain pickerel 0 0 0 19 0 0 56 0 0 140000000000000 0 0 00000Esox nigerCommon carp0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00007Cyprinus carpioConger eel0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 190007Conger oceanicusCrevalle jack 0 0 21 0 0 112 252 94 0 0 0 0 0 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 96 10 0 0 20 0 8Caranx hipposCunner 28 14 168 124 34 51 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 246 19 0 128 529 610 358 7561,942 674 2,420 4,192 404 821 1,267Tautogolabrus adspersusFourspine stickleback0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 7 33 0 0 0 00000Apeltes quadracusFourspot flounder 0 14 0 0 0 22 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 38 00777Paralichthys oblongusGizzard shad0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 50 0 0 51 7 34Dorosoma cepedianumGolden shiner0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 7 7 0 15 0 38Notemigonus crysoleucasGrubby0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 12 10 34 223 314 147 574 13 243 14 39 45 169Myoxocephalus aenaeusHogchoker0 0 0 0 17 21 0 0 61 221,367 365 577 0 192 388 8 12 0 57 184 51 238 196 12 41 281 192 65 45Trinectes maculatusInland silverside00000000000000000050000 0 0 00000Menidia beryllinaKillifish 14- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Fundulus spp.Largemouth bass 0 0 21 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 6 29 0 9 38 7 7 58Micropterus salmoidesLittle skate 14 0 0 17 179 150 124 0 63 795 401 550 394 168 62 0 39 13 3 40 418 124 44 41 116 41 0 438 7 15Raja erinaceaLonghorn sculpin00000000000000000070000 0 0 00000Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosusLookdown0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 00708Selene vomerLumpfish 0 0 19 19 17 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 0 37 0 2597007Cyclopterus lumpusMullet 0 0 0 19 0 0 60 0 14000000000000050 0 0 00000Mugil spp.Table 5. (continued).Species 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 199319941199521996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Mummichog 1,057 1,160 6,433 4,355 8,479 6,198 60,974 115 0 750 165 683 42 331 482 0 165 326 200 139 691 605 289 7 144 293 154 164 42 104Fundulus heteroclitusNorthern kingfish0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 14 143 19 58 0 2070000Menticirrhus saxatilisNorthern pipefish 48 56 56 0 17 41 114 0 48 84 47 73 0 120 234 101 7 110 539 529 495 719 831 998 176 114 90 7 59 57Syngnathus fuscusNorthern puffer00000000000000000000060 0 0 00000Sphoeroides maculatusNorthern searobin 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208 0 0 0 0 41 6 0 6 0 0 00000Prionotus carolinusOyster toadfish0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 67 77 88 419 455 660 272 132Opsanus tauPollock0 0 0 0 0 49 277 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 00700Pollachius virensPumpkinseed0 0 0 0 0 0 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 22 0 0 7 0 00707Lepomis gibbosusRainbow smelt 0 28 35 34 644 150 31 0 0 0 0 0 53 78 0 0 0 0 0 11 56 39 24 6 0 42 0 47 13 39Osmerus mordaxRed hake 0 294 413 78 1,387 96 620 0 0 87 15 0 51 175 0 0 0 20 0 6 130 0 6 0 114 1607070Urophycis chussRock gunnel0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 7 0 10 14000Pholis gunnellusRound herring0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 00000Etremeus teresSand lance0 0 0 0 16 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000Ammodytes sp.Scup0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 92 672 0 0 7 0 13 62 75 21 56 13 350 68 14Stenotomus chrysopsSeaboard goby0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 12 6 0 0 11 15000Gobiosoma ginsburgiSea lamprey00000000000000000000000 0 6 60000Petromyzon morinusSheepshead minnow00000000000000000000600 0 0 00000Cyprinodon variegatusSilver hake 992 3,080 6,272 2,370 11,987 424 2,810 2,263 156 2,900 1,723 508 1,174 1,300 1,522 0 626 212 23 47 154 536 911 1,421 115 626 178 27,305 10,129 1,536Merluccius bilinearisSmallmouth flounder 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 0 32 0 0 0 21 0 0 109 62 52 159 35 21 35 49 21 60Etropus microstomusSmooth dogfish0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 110000Mustelus canisSpot0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 42 0 0Leiostomus xanthurusTable 5. (continued).Species 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 199319941199521996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Spotted hake 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 35 179 0 68 14 0 0Urophycis regiaStriped anchovy00000000000000000000700 0 0 00700Anchoa hepsetusStriped bass0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 15 35 7 8 11 7 34 51 0 7Morone saxatilisStriped cusk-eel0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 14 13 00070Ophidion marginatumStriped killifish 0 196 762 877 826 1,703 2,589 99 0 89 23 0 369 442 463 0 25 37 25 14 113 42 26 47 13 101 306 121 7 34Fundulus majalisStriped searobin 290 14 21 33 36 0 0 0 0 0 150 0 0 0 0 471 718 43 0 0 0 19 30 53 766,024 38 464 28 90Prionotus evolansSummer flounder0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 361 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 40 19 84 7 0 148 26 45 31Paralichthys dentatusTautog 34 56 56 145 6,394 720 1,895 56 95 84 0 316 1,343 495 152 214 20 92 258 445 465 2,075 1,295 753 337 1,449 1,993 895 891 810Tautoga onitisThreespine stickleback 28 98 56 52 3,004 240 51 56 0 716 141 520 2,661 187 75 0 110 136 59 0 545 800 212 398 1,703 749 110 346 416 88Gasterosteus aculeatusWeakfish 1,543 28 1,253 751 42 624 2,470 48 0 49 16 60 0 0 52 464 82 0 0 6 602,451 2,732 327 40 246 135 643 0 269Cynoscion regalisWhite crappie00000000000000000000000 0 6 00000Pomoxis anularisWhite hake 14 28 217 23 417 0 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000Urophycis tenuisWhite perch 14 0 217 0 130 178 40 312 240 163 11 56 53 137 41 160 392 2,896 232 19 749 6,537 270 2,348 754 2,908 313 3,744 3,991 638Morone americanaWhite sucker0 0 0 0 84 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 00000Catostomus commersoniWindowpane 129 196 259 208 1,388 817 89 93 81 1,967 673 798 523 1,148 78 163 123 38 65 70 591 1,110 191 119 127 959 0 34 129 151Scophthalmus aquosusWinter flounder 2,381 1,148 1,503 3,017 15,101 3,273 11,207 4,212 1,572 25,340 748 7,106 5,516 2,365 10,823 2,422 1,660 1,935 912 4,295 15,360 13,3985,902 9,716 3,948 14,622 8,850 11,283 15,997 29,942Pleuronectes americanusYellow perch0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11Perca flavesensTotal 60,421 21,748 66,647 35,193 55,467 32,467 122,845 23,137 6,811 78,911 43,985 28,306 42,768 35,468 32,139 47,610 167,635 7,151 4,566 9,741 139,479 96,849 88,014 9,876,527 171,191 928,257 11,904,170 115,619 123,382 409,247Number of species 22 27 28 29 35 31 29 23 21 31 23 22 24 28 28 17 24 19 26 36 49 40 44 49 41 48 38 48 38 461Due to repowering upgrades sampling in 1994 was only possible through September.2Sampling in 1995 began in mid-July once new equipment became functional.

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. Table 6. Correlation coefficients betw een numbers of fish (all species) impi nged at Manchester Street Station in 24-hour periods, water temperature and intake flow, 1992-2005. For 1999-2005, coefficients were also calculated after removing menhaden from the counts.

All Species Without Menhaden

Water Intake Water Intake Temperature Flow Temperature Flow

1992 Number of fish r

s 

# -0.710 3 

# 0.297 1 

# Boxed cells indicate statistically Log number of fish r -0.695 3 

# 0.304 1 

# significant values

. n = 47

1993 Number of fish r

s 

# -0.461 3 

# -0.210 Log number of fish r -0.471 3 

# -0.187

n = 51

1994 Number of fish r

s 

# -0.185 0.541 3



# Log number of fish r -0.167 0.583 3



# n = 38

1995 Number of fish r

s 

# -0.185 0.541 3



# Log number of fish r -0.167 0.583 3



# n = 24

1996 Number of fish r

s 

# 0.069 0.334 1



# Log number of fish r 0.085 0.281 1



# n = 52

1997 Number of fish r

s 

# -0.478 2 

# 0.522 3



# Log number of fish r -0.386 2 

# 0.460 3



# n = 52

1998 Number of fish r

s 

# 0.161 0.293 1



# Log number of fish r 0.272 1 

# 0.296 1



# n = 53

1999 Number of fish r

s 

# 0.304 1 

# 0.376 2 

# -0.243 0.382 Log number of fish r 0.415 2 

# 0.299 1 

# -0.160 0.273

n = 52

2000 Number of fish r

s 

# 0.009 -0.087 0.167 -0.041 Log number of fish r 0.032 0.139 0.249 -0.137

n = 48

2001 Number of fish r

s 

# 0.312 1 

# 0.121 -0.071 0.025 Log number of fish r 0.426 2 

# 0.250 -0.016 0.061

n = 52

# Normandeau Associates, Inc. Table 6. (continued).

All Species Without Menhaden

Water Intake Water Intake Temperature Flow Temperature Flow

2002 Number of fish r

s 

# 0.084 -0.105 -0.109 -0.040 Log number of fish r 0.240 -0.096 -0.004 0.023

n = 52

2003 Number of fish r

s 

# 0.146 0.102 -0.109 -0.040 Log number of fish r 0.144 0.292 1 

# -0.004 0.023

n = 53

2004 Number of fish r

s 

# -0.032 -0.057 -0.209 -0.001 Log number of fish r -0.002 -0.048 -0.004 0.023

n = 52

2005 Number of fish r

s 

# -0.132 0.228 -0.100 0.143 Log number of fish r -0.082 0.152 0.004 -0.266

n = 52

Pooled Number of fish r

s 

# 0.039 -0.010 Log number of fish r 0.110 2 

# 0.077

n = 490

1 

# Significant p < 0.05 ; 2 

# Significant p < 0.01 ; 3 

# Significant p < 0.001

r s 

# = Spearman rank ; r = Pearson correlation coefficientTable 7. Estimated numbers of invertebrates impinged on the Manchester Street intake screens by species and month, 1992-2003.New screen and wash system installed October 1994 - mid-July 1995.No data available for that period.Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total1992Blue crab 0 0 0 0 0 6 10 0 0 0 21 0 37Callinectes sapidusLady crab 0 0 0 0 32 70 0 0 19 891 2939 703 4654Ovalipes ocellatusMud crab 0 0 0 7 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 22Neopanopeus sayiRock crab 0 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13Cancer irroratusMarsh grass shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 0 0 64Paleomonetes vulgaris7-spine bay shrimp 0 0 0 7 0 6 14 0 63 0 0 0 90Crangon septemspinosaStarfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6Asterias forbesi1993Blue crab 0 0 0 0 5 14 56 125 98 0 0 0 298Callinectes sapidusHorseshoe crab 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 27 0 37Limulus polyphemusLady crab 0 0 0 0 12 7 0 0 0 0 18 0 37Ovalipes ocellatusRock crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2Cancer irroratusMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 13Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5Crangon septemspinosaStarfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6Asterias forbesiTable 7 (continued).Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total1994Blue crab 5 0 0 0 0 17 13 35 0 70Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 5Carcinus maenasLady crab 0 7 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 42Ovalipes ocellatusMarsh grass shrimp 744 0 0 0 46 0 0 0 172 962Paleomonetes vulgaris7-spine bay shrimp 0 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 183Crangon septemspinosaStarfish 34 12 174 0 0 0 0 0 0 220Asterias forbesi1995Blue crab 0 0 0 630 0 32 662Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 609 375 0 40 1898 491 3413Carcinus maenasHorseshoe crab 0 0 0 0 6 0 6Limulus polyphemusLady crab 7 0 0 261 23428 425 24121Ovalipes ocellatusRock crab 0 0 0 7 0 0 7Cancer irroratusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 45 0 45Libinia emerginataMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 8660 1441 10101Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 70 0 0 0 0 2729 2799Crangon septemspinosaTable 7 (continued).Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total1996Blue crab 0 0 0 0 977 456 1452 1905 1414 2723 171 0 9098Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 0 0 21 86 135 704 591 64 62 35 52 204 1954Carcinus maenasHorseshoe crab 0 0 0 0 20 5 46 0 0 0 0 7 78Limulus polyphemusLady crab 0 0 0 0 59 35 0 30 4024 31042 25908 0 61098Ovalipes ocellatusRock crab 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 14Cancer irroratusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 6 0 20Libinia emerginataMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 103 641 115 859Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 15603 9488 6121 8909 2064 247 28 0 0 0 0 248 42708Crangon septemspinosa1997Blue crab 0 0 0 0 39 545 215 353 69 40 0 0 770Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2853 778 1464 370 5505Carcinus maenasHorseshoe crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 13Limulus polyphemusLady crab 223 12 0 87 169 244 17 42 130 264 476 25 1689Ovalipes ocellatusRock crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 17Cancer irroratusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 13Libinia emerginataMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 13 143Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 3395 318 6332 3060 2059 1298 330 0 334 0 0 0 17126Crangon septemspinosaSquid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 7Loligo pealiiTable 7 (continued).Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total1998Blue crab 0 0 0 6 255 0 414 1282 1125 4654 340 47 8117Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 566 115 2179 308 200 12 355 108 195 252 656 510 5456Carcinus maenasHorseshoe crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5Limulus polyphemusLady crab 0 0 0 0 80 0 0 0 9 257 35 12 393Ovalipes ocellatusMud crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 254 141 395Neopanopeus sayiRock crab 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 7 96 0 0 0 117Cancer irroratusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 7 0 0 28Libinia emerginataMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 67 59 137Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 1406 4039 1226 845 140 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7691Crangon septemspinosa1999Blue crab 0 5 0 21 898 941 3914 1053 5574 2119 818 41 15384Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 120 64 74 118 51 65 102 34 0 0 0 27 655Carcinus maenasHorseshoe crab 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 7 0 14Limulus polyphemusLady crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 60 405Ovalipes ocellatusMud crab 0 0 0 46 0 0 0 343 0 0 0 0 389Neopanopeus sayiTable 7 (continued).Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total1999(continued)Rock crab 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11Cancer irroratusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 14Libinia emerginataMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 117 100 241Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 618 16594 1059 239 0 0 163 0 0 0 0 0 18673Crangon septemspinosaSquid 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8Loligo pealii2000Blue crab 0 0 0 0 12 1408 6306 2766 4254 2852 220 0 17818Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 0 0 0 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53Carcinus maenasJapanese shore crab 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7Hemigrapsus sanguineusHorseshoe crab 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7Limulus polyphemusLady crab 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21Ovalipes ocellatusMud crab 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21Neopanopeus sayiSpider crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 7Libinia emerginataMantis shrimp 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 0 59Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 96950 569295 3487 1580 665 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 671977Crangon septemspinosaStarfish 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14Asterias forbesiTable 7 (continued).Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total2001Blue crab 0 0 0 0 677 1072 6443 6805 0 37 41 34 15110Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 0 0 0 7 0 0 15 0 0 0 35 0 57Carcinus maenasJapanese shore crab 0 0 0 53 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 68Hemigrapsus sanguineusLady crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 48 198 97 351Ovalipes ocellatusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7Libinia emerginataCancer crab 0 14 0 0 0 0 53 0 0 0 0 0 67Cancer spp.Mantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 42Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 20269 689 1783 395 0 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 23396Crangon septemspinosa2002Blue crab 0 0 0 0 49 82 388 491 155 168 0 0 1333Callinectes sapidusGreen crab 6 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 22Carcinus maenasLady crab 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13Ovalipes ocellatusMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1831 0 1831Squilla empusaTable 7 (continued).Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total2003Blue crab 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 156 25 102 0 0 297Callinectes sapidusHorseshoe crab 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7Limulus polyphemusLady crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 8 0 36Ovalipes ocellatusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 7Libinia emerginataCancer crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 15 0 29Cancer spp.Mantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 38 382 426Squilla empusa2004Blue crab 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 0 28 7 34 0 83Callinectes sapidus7-spine bay shrimp 0 42,000 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 43 0 42,078Crangon septemspinosaLady crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 772 265 81 1,165Ovalipes ocellatusSpider crab 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7Libinia emerginataJapanese shore crab 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 63 7 91Hemigrapsus sanguineusGreen crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 12Carcinus maenasCancer crab 0 0 0 14 84 0 0 0 56 0 0 0 154Cancer spp.Mantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 14 2,813 102 2,981Squilla empusaTable 7 (continued).Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total2005Blue crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 245 109 356 117 883Callinectes sapidusCancer crab 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 5 14 29Cancer spp.Green crab 0 0 14 0 17 0 0 40 80 31 61 34 277Carcinus maenasJapanese shore crab 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 25Hemigrapsus sanguineusLady crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 254 48 344Ovalipes ocellatusMantis shrimp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 27Squilla empusa7-spine bay shrimp 0 0 5,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,695Crangon septemspinosa