2 

REGISTRATION REVIEW

PROBLEM FORMULATION 

Indoxacarb 

CAS Number 173584-44-6 

US EPA PC CODE 067710 

Prepared by: 

Robin Sternberg, Ph.D., Wildlife Biologist 

Christopher M. Koper, M.S., Chemist 

Environmental Risk Branch 1 

Reviewed by: 

Michael Lowit, Ph.D., Ecologist 

Meghan Radtke, Ph.D., Biologist 

Environmental Risk Branch 1 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Office of Pesticide Programs 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division 

Environmental Risk Branch I 

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW 

Mail Code 7507P 

Washington, DC 20460 

N N

O

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CH3

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Contents 

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5

2 Previous Assessments ............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Ecological Risk Assessments ........................................................................................... 5

2.2 Drinking Water Assessments ........................................................................................... 6

3 Overview of Indoxacarb Use .................................................................................................. 6

4 Environmental Fate Summary ................................................................................................ 9

4.1 Clean Water Act ............................................................................................................. 10

5 Ecological Effects Summary................................................................................................. 11

5.1 Parent: Indoxacarb.......................................................................................................... 11

5.2 Indoxacarb Degradates ................................................................................................... 15

5.2.1 Terrestrial Effects.................................................................................................... 15

5.2.2 Aquatic Effects........................................................................................................ 15

5.3 Review of Incident Databases ........................................................................................ 17

6 Risk Hypothesis .................................................................................................................... 18

7 Exposure Pathways of Concern ............................................................................................ 19

8 Analysis Plan ........................................................................................................................ 19

8.1 Stressors of Concern....................................................................................................... 20

8.1.1 Terrestrial Assessment ............................................................................................ 20

8.1.2 Aquatic Assessment ................................................................................................ 20

8.2 Measures of Exposure .................................................................................................... 21

8.3 Measures of Effect ......................................................................................................... 21

8.4 Integration of Exposure and Effects ............................................................................... 21

8.5 Drinking Water Assessment ........................................................................................... 22

8.6 Endangered Species Assessments .................................................................................. 22

8.7 Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program ....................................................................... 23

9 Data Gaps .............................................................................................................................. 23

9.1 Environmental Fate Data ................................................................................................ 23

9.2 Ecological Effects Data .................................................................................................. 25

10 References ............................................................................................................................. 32

11 Bibliography of Cited MRIDs .............................................................................................. 33

Appendix A: Indoxacarb’s Degradation Profile .......................................................................... 40

Appendix B: SIP (v 1.0) Inputs and Results ................................................................................. 45
4 

Appendix C: STIR (v 1.0) Inputs and Results .............................................................................. 47

 
5 

1 Introduction 

The purpose of this problem formulation is to provide an understanding of the environmental 

fate and ecological effects of the registered uses of indoxacarb in support of Registration 

Review. Indoxacarb is a non-systemic oxadiazine insecticide registered for agricultural and 

non-agricultural use. Indoxacarb exists as an isomer pair taking form as the active (S) 

isomer KN128 and inactive (R) isomer KN127. The mechanism of action of indoxacarb 

involves blockage of the neuronal sodium channel. The insecticidal activity of indoxacarb is 

thought to be attributed to the rapid and extensive conversion of (S) isomer KN128 to the 

more active metabolite IN-JT333 in insects. IN-JT333 has greater affinity for the sodium 

channel complex of insects than the parent compound. 

2 Previous Assessments 

Indoxacarb was first registered as a pesticide under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and 

Rodenticide Act in 2000 to control various lepidopteran pests on apples, pears, broccoli, 

cabbage, cauliflower, sweet corn, head and leaf lettuce, tomatoes, bell and non-bell peppers, 

and cotton. 

2.1 Ecological Risk Assessments 

EFED has conducted multiple ecological risk assessments for new uses of indoxacarb. The 

most recent assessment was in support of IR-4 proposed new uses on dry and snap beans, 

small fruit vine climbing subgroup 13-07F, and low-growing berry subgroup 13-07H (2013; 

DP 4042424 and 4042425). The 2013 ecological risk assessment indicated that the proposed 

uses of indoxacarb may cause direct effects to: 

• listed and non-listed birds from acute exposure for all proposed uses; 

• listed and non-listed mammals from acute and chronic exposure for all proposed uses; 

• listed freshwater fish from acute exposure for use on dry and snap beans and listed 

and non-listed freshwater fish from acute exposure for use on cranberry; 

• listed and non-listed freshwater fish from chronic exposure for use on cranberry; 

• listed estuarine/marine fish from acute exposure and listed and non-listed 

estuarine/marine fish from chronic exposure for all proposed uses; 

• listed freshwater invertebrates from acute exposure and listed and non-listed 

freshwater invertebrates from chronic exposure for use on cranberry; and 

• listed and non-listed estuarine/marine invertebrates from acute and chronic exposure 

for all proposed uses (listed vs. non-listed depends of use).1

Risk to terrestrial plants from all proposed uses was presumed due to the lack of toxicity data 

and the documented ‘probable’ plant incident involving indoxacarb. In addition, given that 

indoxacarb is highly toxic to honey bees and targets insects, the assessment concluded that 

the potential for risk to terrestrial invertebrates exists. 

 

1

 Agency LOCs were exceeded for the bulleted taxa and exposure durations. For listed species, direct or indirect 

effects for particular species were not definitively determined; further investigation into temporal, geographical, and 

biological associations between the proposed uses and affected taxa would be needed before definitive effects 

determinations could be made. 
6 

2.2 Drinking Water Assessments 

The most recent drinking water assessment was conducted to support the IR-4 proposed new 

uses on dry beans, snap beans, small fruit vine climbing subgroup 13-07F, and low-growing 

berry subgroup 13-07H (2013; DP 402100). The recommended estimated drinking water 

concentrations (EDWCs) for the human health risk-assessment were based on the highest 

predicted value for surface water – two applications of 0.1125 lb a.i./A/season on cranberry. 

3 Overview of Indoxacarb Use 

Registered uses of indoxacarb are provided in Table 3-1. Indoxacarb is formulated as a 

suspension concentrate and water-dispersible granule as well as multiple types of bait for nonagricultural use. There are two formulations of indoxacarb registered for agricultural use on 

crops and several types of formulations for use in bait stations or gels. Indoxacarb may be 

applied by ground or aerial equipment, depending on the use. Application methods include 

broadcast, chemigation, and foliar spray for agricultural uses and mound treatment, perimeter 

treatment, bait application, spot treatment, crack and crevice treatment, bait application, outdoor 

general surface spray, high volume spray, and spot-on treatment (for dogs and cats) for nonagricultural uses. 

Table 3-1. Registered Uses of Indoxacarb 

Agricultural, Food Uses 

Alfalfa Beets (unspecified) Brassica (head and stem) vegetables 

Bushberries Corn, sweet Cotton (unspecified) 

Cranberry Fruiting vegetables Cucurbit vegetables 

Leafy greens Leafy vegetables Mint/peppermint/spearmint 

Grapes Okra Peanuts (unspecified) 

Peanuts (unspecified) Pear Peas, southern 

Pome fruits Potato, white/Irish Root and tuber vegetables 

Soybeans (unspecified) Spinach Stone fruits 

Non-Agricultural, Food Uses 

Commercial storages/warehouses 

premises 

Eating establishments Food processing plant premises 

(nonfood contact) 

Food stores/markets/supermarkets 

premises 

Household/domestic dwellings 

indoor food handling areas 

Agricultural, Non-Food Uses 

Alfalfa Fruits (unspecified) Tree nuts 

Non-Agricultural, Non-Food Uses

Airports/landing field Cats (adults/kittens) Commercial/industrial lawns 

Commercial/institutional/ industrial 

premises/equipment (indoor/outdoor) 

Commercial storages/ warehouses 

premises 

Commercial transportation facilitiesnon-feed/non-food 

Conifers (plantations/nurseries) Dogs/canines (adults/puppies) Eating establishments 

Eating establishments food handling 

areas (non-food contact) 

Eating establishments non-food areas 

(non-food contact) 

Food processing plant non-food 

handling areas 

Food processing plant premises 

(non-food contact) 

Food stores/markets/supermarkets 

premises 

Golf course turf 

Hospitals/medical institutions 

premises (human/veterinary) 

Household/domestic dwellings 

indoor/outdoor premises 

Industrial/construction areas 

(outdoor) 

Nonagricultural rights-of-way/ 

fencerows/hedgerows 

Nonagricultural uncultivated 

areas/soils 

Ornamental and/or shade trees 
7 

Ornamental herbaceous plants Ornamental lawns and turf Ornamental non-flowering plants 

Ornamental woody shrubs and vines Paths/patios Paved areas 

(private roads/sidewalks) 

Public buildings/structures 

(vert. pest control) 

Recreational areas Recreation area lawns 

Refuse/solid waste containers 

(garbage cans) 

Refuse/solid waste sites (outdoor) Residential lawns 

Ships and boats Utility poles/rights-of-way Wood protection treatment to 

buildings/products indoor/outdoor 

Wood protection treatment to forest products (seasoned) Zoos 

A Label Data Report2 by the Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) provides 

application rates for all registered uses of indoxacarb. For agricultural uses, maximum single 

application rates range from 0.0656 lb a.i./A to 0.1125 lb a.i./A, with two to four applications 

allowed per crop cycle for a maximum application rate of 0.22 to 0.45 lb a.i./A/crop cycle. 

Application intervals range from 3 to 21 days for agricultural crops. The Registration Review 

ecological risk assessment will be based on label information that is current at the time of the 

assessment. To reduce uncertainty in the risk assessment, the Agency requests that the registrant 

provide additional label information where necessary on the number of applications per year, the 

total amount applied per year (rather than on a per season basis), and the application interval. 

The results of a Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) for indoxacarb2

 by BEAD are provided 

in Table 3-2. This analysis lists agricultural uses of indoxacarb in terms of estimated total 

pounds of active ingredient. SLUA data sources include: 

• USDA-NASS (United States Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics 

Service) 

• Private Pesticide Market Research 

• California DPR (Department of Pesticide Regulation)

The top 3 agricultural uses of indoxacarb from 2004 to 2011 in terms of pounds of a.i. applied 

were alfalfa, cotton, and tomatoes. 

Table 3-2. Screening Level Estimates of Agricultural Uses of Indoxacarb, Sorted 

Alphabetically (Reporting Timeframe: 2004-2011)

Crop Average Annual 

lb a.i. 

Annual Percent Crop Treated 

Average Maximum 

Alfalfa 10,000 <1 <2.5 

Apples 2,000 5 10 

Broccoli 5,000 50 70 

Brussels Sprout* <500 NC NC 

Cabbage 2,000 25 35 

Cantaloupes <500 5 10 

Cauliflower 1,000 40 60 

Celery <500 5 5 

Cherries <500 <1 <2.5 

Cotton 10,000 <1 <2.5 

Cucumbers <500 <1 <2.5 

Grapes <500 <1 <2.5 

Lettuce 4,000 10 40 

 

2

 Date: December 10, 2012 
8 

Crop Average Annual 

lb a.i. 

Annual Percent Crop Treated 

Average Maximum 

Nectarines 1,000 15 15 

Peaches <500 <2.5 <2.5 

Peanuts 3,000 <2.5 10 

Pears <500 <1 <2.5 

Peppers 1,000 15 30 

Plums/Prunes <500 <2.5 5 

Potatoes 1,000 <1 <2.5 

Pumpkins <500 <2.5 <2.5 

Soybeans 4,000 <1 <2.5 

Spinach <500 <2.5 5 

Squash <500 <2.5 5 

Sweet Corn 1,000 <2.5 10 

Tomatoes 9,000 20 40 

Watermelons <500 5 10 

All numbers are rounded. 

<500: indicates less than 500 pounds of active ingredient. 

<2.5: indicates less than 2.5 percent of crop is treated. 

<1: indicates less than 1 percent of crop is treated. 

* California data only. 

NC: not calculated, only pounds a.i. available. 

SLUA data sources include: USDA-NASS (United States Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service); 

Private Pesticide Market Research; California DPR (Department of Pesticide Regulation) 

These results reflect amalgamated data developed by the Agency and are releasable to the public. 

Figure 3-1 depicts spatial use intensity of indoxacarb in the United States, which is mainly in 

southern Florida and southern California. 

Figure 3-1. Indoxacarb Usage by Crop Reporting District (2007-2011)

This is a map of agricultural pesticide usage at the Crop Reporting District (CRD) level prepared by BEAD for use 

in the Environmental Fate and Effects Division documents. These maps are used to help visualize where the 

pesticide being considered is most likely to be used and can be helpful in scenario selection and placing the exposure 

assessment in context. CRDs are boundaries created by USDA NASS which are aggregates of counties. Pesticide 

usage is displayed as average pounds (for the years 2007-2011) per 1,000 acres of farmland in a CRD to normalize 

for the variation in farmland between CRDs. Farmland acreage was obtained from USDA (2007). Usage is based on 

private market surveys of pesticide use in agriculture (Proprietary Data, 2007-2011). 
9 

4 Environmental Fate Summary 

The major routes of degradation for indoxacarb include alkaline-catalyzed hydrolysis (pH 9 t1/2 ~ 

1 day) and photodegradation in water (t1/2 ~ 3 to 5 days). Indoxacarb’s low water solubility, high 

log Kow value, and relatively high Kd values suggest the tendency to partition to soil; therefore, 

a low potential for soil leaching is expected. In addition, batch equilibrium and soil column 

leaching studies suggest low mobility of indoxacarb and IN-JT333 in terrestrial and aquatic 

environments. Terrestrial Field Dissipation (TFD) studies showed movement of parent and 

residues but none were detected below 45 cm (18 inches). Plant and soil volatility studies 

indicate that indoxacarb has low volatility from plant and soil surfaces with less than 3% of 

applied radioactivity volatilizing from lettuce plants and soil surface. Microbial mediated 

degradation varied, with aerobic degradation occurring at a faster rate then anaerobic 

degradation. Calculated fish bioconcentration factors (BCF) were 1044-1351X for whole fish 

tissues with the depuration half-life occurring as less than 10 days. 

The physical, chemical, and environmental fate properties of indoxacarb are summarized in 

Table 4-1. In addition, since EFED is following the Toxic Equivalency (TEQ) approach (see 

Section 8.1.2 for details) for its ecological risk assessment, input parameter data for the INJT333 and IN-MP819 degradates will be needed. In the absence of data, EFED will assume 

these degradates are stable and utilize QSAR (EPISuite ver. 4.0) modeling to estimate the 

physical and chemical properties needed for modeling inputs. Appendix A summarizes the 

maximum formation of indoxacarb degradation products. 

 

Table 4-1. Nature of the Chemical Stressor 

Parameter Value Source/MRID # 

Common name Indoxacarb 

(active S-isomer) 

Product Chemistry 

CAS number 173584-44-6 

Chemical name Methyl 7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2 

[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]a

mino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine4a(3H)-carboxylate 

Chemical Class/Category Oxadiazine insecticide 

Empirical formula C22H17ClF3N3O7

Structure 

(active S isomer) 

Molecular Mass 527.8 g/mole 

Water Solubility 0.8 mg/L at 20°C 

Vapor pressure (25°C) 1.9 x 10-10 mm Hg 

Henry’s Law Constant 1.6 x 10-10 atm m3/mol Calculated1

Octanol/water partition 44,668 (log Kow = 4.65) Product Chemistry 

N N

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Parameter Value Source/MRID # 

coefficient (Kow) 

Dissociation Constant (pKa) No ionization at any environmentally-relevant pH Product Chemistry 

Hydrolysis (t1/2) 

pH 5 = 519, 578 days

pH 7 = 38, 21.8 days 

pH 9 = 1, 1.11days 

44477301 

45795801 

Aqueous Photolysis (t1/2) 

(pH 5) 

3.16 days 

5.0 days 

44477302 

45795802 

Soil Photolysis stable 44477303 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (t1/2) 

3 days 

3 days 

6 days 

27 days 

10 days 

30 days 

693 days 

44477304 

44477307 

45850001 

45166303 

45166303 

45166303 

45166303 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(t1/2) 

30.7 days 

39.8 days 

38.1 days 

21.3 days 

52.0 days 

58.0 days 

36.0 days 

42.0 days 

45793301 

45793301 

45793301 

45793301 

44477306 

44477306 

44477306 

44477306 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(t1/2)

192.5 days 

315.1 days 

147.0 days 

231.0 days 

45795804 

45795804 

44477305 

44477305 

Soil Partition Coefficient (Kd) 

(mL/g) 

29.1 

29.3 

25.3 

34.5 

110.9 

86.1 

47.5 

32.0 

45795809 

Terrestrial Field Dissipation 

(t1/2) 

72 - 79 days (FL, CA bare sand) 44477312, 44477315, 

44477316 

29-113 days (DE, TX bare ground) 44477311 

73-119 days (CA, FL bare ground) 45850002

Bioaccumulation in Fish 

(BCF) 

395 to 504X in edible tissues 

1568 to 2081X for non-edible tissues 

1044 to 1351X for whole fish 

44477319 

45805301 

1

 = Henry’s Law (atm-m3/mole) = (VAPR/760)/(SOL/MWT), where VAPR is vapor pressure in torr, MWT is 

molecular weight in g/mol, and SOL is the solubility in water in mg/L. 

4.1 Clean Water Act 

Indoxacarb is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water bodies listed as impaired 

under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act.3 In addition, no Total Maximum Daily Loads 

 

3

http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation_cy.cause_detail_303d?p_cause_group_id=885
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(TMDL) have been developed.4 The Agency invites submission of water quality data for this 

pesticide. To the extent possible, data should conform to the quality standards in Appendix A of 

the OPP Standard Operating Procedure: Inclusion of Impaired Water Body and Other Water 

Quality Data in OPP’s Registration Review Risk Assessment and Management Process5, in order 

to ensure they can be used quantitatively or qualitatively in pesticide risk assessments. 

5 Ecological Effects Summary 

5.1 Parent: Indoxacarb 

A summary of the available aquatic and terrestrial toxicity data for the two isomers of 

indoxacarb from registrant-submitted studies is provided in Table 5-1. Endpoints for the 

mammalian hemolytic effect of indoxacarb are also included in this table. 

Toxicity data for parent indoxacarb are not available for the following: 

• acute toxicity to a passerine species, 

• acute oral toxicity to larval honey bees, and 

• toxicity to terrestrial plants (seedling emergence and vegetative vigor). 

It should be noted that the predominant toxic isomer for acute effects in mammals is likely to be 

the (S) isomer KN128 (i.e., A mixture of 79% (S) isomer KN128 and 21% (R) isomer KN127 

yielded an LD50 of 268 mg/kg-bw in female rats. Converting this endpoint to (S) isomer KN128 

yields an LD50 of 212 mg/kg-bw which is comparable to the LD50 of 179 mg/kg-bw for the (S) 

isomer KN128 alone). 

The estuarine/marine fish acute study with parent indoxacarb as 79% (S) isomer KN128: 21% 

(R) isomer KN127, i.e., DPX-MP062, yielded a non-definitive endpoint (i.e., LC50 > 0.37 mg 

a.i./L; MRID 44477222). The study was deemed scientifically sound but classified as 

Supplemental because the test material was not tested to the maximum solubility obtainable 

under brackish water conditions. Forty percent mortality and sublethal effects including erratic 

swimming and partial loss of equilibrium were observed at the highest treatment concentration. 

In the absence of additional data, the conservative assumption of an LC50 of 0.37 mg a.i./L will 

be used for characterizing risk to estuarine/marine fish from acute exposure to parent indoxacarb. 

 

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http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation.tmdl_pollutant_detail?p_pollutant_group_id=885&p_pollutant_

group_name=PESTICIDES

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http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/ppdc/2006/november06/session1-sop.pdf
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Table 5-1. Endpoints Used to Characterize the Effects of Parent Indoxacarb as 79% (S) isomer KN128: 21

KN127, i.e., DPX-MP062, and its Isomers [(S) isomer KN128 and (R) isomer KN127] to Aquatic and Terre

Study Type Chemical (%) Species Toxicity Endpoints1, Effects & Acute Toxicity Classification (If Applicable) Avian acute oral DPW-MP062 (94.5) Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) LD50 = 98 mg a.i./kg-bw Moderately toxic 

Indoxacarb Passerine species No data 

Avian sub-acute dietary 

DPW-MP062 (94.5) Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) LC50 = 808 mg a.i./kg-diet Moderately toxic 

DPW-MP062 (94.5) Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) LC50 > 5620 mg a.i./kg-diet Practically non-toxic 

Avian reproduction 

DPW-MP062 (94.5) Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) NOEC = 144 mg a.i./kg-diet 

DPW-MP062 (94.5) Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) NOEC = 720 mg a.i./kg-diet 

Mammalian acute oral 

DPW-MP062 Rat 

Female LD50 = 268 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Male LD50 >1000 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Moderately toxic 

(S) isomer KN128 (99.7) Rat 

Female LD50 = 179 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Male LD50 = 843 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Moderately toxic 

Mammalian chronic (15-day developmental, dietary) 

50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127a Rat 

Maternal NOEC = 20 mg a.i./kg-diet (based on reduced weight) Developmental NOEC = 40 mg a.i./kg diet (based on reduced fetal weight) 

Mammalian chronic (90-day dietary) 

(S) isomer KN128 (99.7) Rat 

Male NOEC = 10 mg a.i./kg-diet Female NOEC < 10 mg a.i./kg-diet (based on hemolytic effects) 

DPW-MP062 Rat 

Male NOEC = 20 mg a.i./kg-diet Female NOEC = 8 mg a.i./kg-diet (based on hemolytic effects) 

Terrestrial invertebrate acute contact 

50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127a

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) 

LD50 = 0.18 μg a.i./bee 

Highly toxic 

Terrestrial invertebrate acute oral 

50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127a

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) LC50 > 1000 mg a.i./kg-diet 

Indoxacarb Larval honey bee (Apis mellifera) No data 
13 

Study Type Chemical (%) Species Toxicity Endpoints

1, Effects & Acute Toxicity 

Classification (If Applicable) 

Terrestrial invertebrate residue on foliage 

30% (S) isomer KN128: 10% (R) isomer KN127 

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) 

@ 0.12 lb/A, significant mortality after 24-hr exp3-hr aged alfalfa foliage @ 0.15 lb/A, significant mortality after 24-hr exp3-, 8-, and 24-hr aged alfalfa foliage 

Terrestrial plant seedling emergence Indoxacarb No data Terrestrial plant vegetative vigor Indoxacarb No data Freshwater fish acute 

DPX-MP062 (94.5) 

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) 

96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.29 (0.25-0.39) mg a.i./Highly toxic 

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

96-hr LC50 = 0.65 mg a.i./L Highly toxic 

75% (S) isomer KN128: 25% (R) isomer KN127 (94.5) 

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.90 (0.71-1.46) mg a.i./Highly toxic 

29.3% (S) isomer KN128: 10.3% (R) isomer KN127 (39.6) 

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.71 (0.55-0.95) mg a.i./Highly toxic 

14.7% (S) isomer KN128: 4.3% (R) isomer KN127 (19) 

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

96-hr LC50 > 1.3 mg a.i./L At most moderately toxic 

29.3% (S) isomer KN128: 10.3% (R) isomer KN127 (39.6) 

Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 

96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 1.2 (0.9-1.6) mg a.i./L Highly toxic 

50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127

a

(94.7) 

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 

96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 1.02 (0.88-1.16) mg a.i./Moderately toxic 

50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127

a

(95) 

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 

96-hr LC50 > 0.32 mg a.i./L At most highly toxic 

KN127 (99.8) Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.394 (0.29-0.64) mg a.iHighly toxic 

Freshwater fish chronic DPX-MP062 (94.5) Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

NOEC = 0.15 mg a.i./L LOEC = 0.25 mg a.i./L (based on survival and growth) 

Estuarine/marine fish acute DPX-MP062 (94.5) Sheepshead minnow 

(Pimephales promelas) 

96-hr LC50 > 0.37 mg a.i./L At most highly toxic 
14 

Study Type Chemical (%) Species Toxicity Endpoints1, Effects & Acute Toxicity Classification (If Applicable) Estuarine/marine fish chronic DPX-MP062 (94.5) Sheepshead minnow (Pimephales promelas) NOEC = 0.017 mg a.i./L LOEC = 0.042 mg a.i./L (based on survival) Freshwater invertebrate acute 

DPX-MP062 (94.5) Water flea (Daphnia magna) 48-hr EC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.6 (0.57-0.66) mg a.i./L Highly toxic 50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127a(94.7) 

Water flea (Daphnia carinata) 

48-hr EC50 (95% C.I.) = 2.94 (2.48-3.34) mg a.i./Moderately toxic 

Freshwater invertebrate chronic DPX-MP062 (95) Water flea (Daphnia magna) NOEC = 0.075 mg a.i./L LOEC = 0.19 mg a.i./L (based on survival) Estuarine/marine invertebrate acute DPX-MP062 (94.5) 

Mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) 96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.0542 (0.0443-0.0657) Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 

EC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.203 (0.165-0.250) mg a.i./L Highly toxic 

Estuarine/marine invertebrate chronic DPX-MP062 (94.5) Mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) 

NOEC = 0.0184 mg a.i./L LOEC = 0.0407 mg a.i./L (based on survival of F1 generation; # young/femgrowth) 

Aquatic non-vascular plant DPX-MP062 (94.5) 

Marine diatom (Skeletonema costatum) 

EC50 (95% C.I.) = 1.22 (1.12-1.32) mg a.i./L EC05 = 0.76 mg a.i./L NOEC < 1.07 mg a.i./L 

Green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 

EC50 > 0.110 mg a.i./L NOEC = 0.110 mg a.i./L 

Freshwater diatom (Navicula pelliculosa) 

EC50 > 1.68 mg a.i./L NOEC = 1.68 mg a.i./L 

Cyanobacterium (Anabaena flos-aquae) 

EC50 > 1.93 mg a.i./L NOEC = 1.93 mg a.i./L 

Aquatic vascular plant DPX-MP062 (94.5) Duckweed (Lemna gibba) EC50 > 0.084 mg a.i./L NOEC = 0.084 mg a.i./L 

a also known as DPX-JW062
15 

5.2 Indoxacarb Degradates 

A summary of the available aquatic and terrestrial toxicity data for degradates of indoxacarb 

from registrant-submitted studies is provided in Table 5-2. 

5.2.1 Terrestrial Effects 

Data for terrestrial organisms indicate that: 

• degradate IN-JT333 is of limited acute toxicity to birds when compared to parent 

indoxacarb (i.e., LD50 = 1618 mg/kg-bw for IN-JT333 vs. LD50 = 98 mg/kg-bw for 

parent indoxacarb); 

• degradate IN-KG433 is of comparable toxicity to mammals when compared to parent 

indoxacarb (i.e., LD50 = 174 mg/kg-bw for KG433 vs. LD50 = 268 mg/kg-bw for parent 

indoxacarb); and 

• IN-JT333 is more acutely toxic to mammals than parent indoxacarb (i.e., LD50 = 39 

mg/kg-bw for IN-JT333 vs. LD50 = 268 mg/kg-bw for parent indoxacarb). 

Since degradates IN-KG433 and IN-JT333 were not identified as major degradates during fate 

studies of the hydrolysis or photolysis of parent indoxacarb, fate processes that EFED considers 

important to dissipation of non-volatile pesticides from vegetation, neither will be considered 

stressors of concern in the terrestrial assessment. 

5.2.2 Aquatic Effects 

The data indicate that degradate IN-JT333 is more acutely toxic to freshwater fish than parent 

indoxacarb (i.e., for rainbow trout, LC50 = 0.024 mg/L for IN-JT333 vs. LC50 = 0.65 mg/L for 

parent indoxacarb), and degradate IN-MP819 is more acutely toxic to freshwater invertebrates 

than parent indoxacarb (i.e., for Daphnia, LC50 = 0.064 mg/L for IN-MP819 vs. LC50 = 0.6 mg/L 

for parent indoxacarb). As a result, both IN-JT333 and IN-MP819 will be considered stressors 

of concern in the aquatic assessment (Section 8.1.2). However, there are no data to assess 

chronic toxicity of these degradates to freshwater fish and invertebrates or acute and chronic 

toxicity to estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates. In the absence of these data, these toxicity 

endpoints will be estimated using available toxicity data for parent indoxacarb and acute toxicity 

relationships between the degradates and parent (estimates are bolded in Table 5-2). 

The freshwater fish acute study with degradate IN-MP819 yielded a non-definitive endpoint (i.e., 

LC50 > 0.368 mg a.i./L; MRID 46022501). The study was deemed scientifically sound but 

classified as Supplemental because fish wet weight at test termination (range of 20 fish from 

negative and solvent control groups = 0.35-0.72 g) ranged lower than the minimum of the 

required initial weight range (0.5 to 5 g). Forty percent mortality and sublethal effects including 

partial loss of equilibrium, labored or rapid respiration, fish lying on bottom, and lethargy were 

observed at the highest treatment concentration. Therefore, in the absence of additional data, the 

conservative assumption of an LC50 of 0.368 mg a.i./L will be used for characterizing risk to 

freshwater fish from acute exposure to IN-MP819. 
16 

The freshwater invertebrate acute study with degradate IN-JT333 yielded a non-definitive 

endpoint (i.e., EC50 > 0.029 mg a.i./L; MRID 44477221). The study was deemed scientifically 

sound but classified as Supplemental because a definitive EC50 was not obtained. Five percent 

mortality was observed at the highest treatment concentration. For the purpose of characterizing 

risk to freshwater invertebrates from acute exposure to IN-JT333, the conservative assumption 

that IN-JT333 and parent indoxacarb as DPX-MP062 (79% (S) isomer KN128: 21% (R) isomer 

KN127) are equally toxic to freshwater invertebrates will be made (i.e., LC/EC50 = 0.6 mg a.i./L) 

in the absence of additional data. 

Table 5-2. Endpoints Used to Characterize the Effects of Indoxacarb Degradates IN-JT333, 

IN-KG433, and IN-MP819 to Aquatic and/or Terrestrial Organisms 

Study Type Degradate 

(%) Species Toxicity Endpoints1

, Effects and Acute 

Toxicity Classification (If Applicable) 

MRID & 

Classification 

Avian acute oral IN-JT333 

(98.7) 

Bobwhite quail 

(Colinus 

virginianus) 

LD50 = 1618 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Slightly toxic 

44477203 

Acceptable 

Mammal acute 

oral 

IN-JT333 

(98.7) Rat 

Female LD50 = 39 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Male LD50 = 52 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Highly toxic 

44477117 

IN-KG433 

(98) Rat 

Female LD50 = 174 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Male LD50 > 2000 mg a.i./kg-bw 

Moderately toxic 

44477116 

Freshwater fish 

acute 

IN-MP819 

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss) 

96-hr LC50 > 0.368 mg a.i./L 

At most highly toxic 

46022501 

Supplemental 

IN-JT333 

(98.7) 

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss) 

96-hr LC50 (95% C.I.) = 0.024 (0.012-0.22) 

mg a.i./L 

Very highly toxic 

44477216 

Acceptable 

Freshwater fish 

chronic 

IN-MP819 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.0849 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Rainbow Trout NOEC * 

absolute IN-MP819 Rainbow trout LC50) / 

DPX-MP062 Rainbow trout LC50) 

NA 

IN-JT333 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.0055 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Rainbow Trout NOEC * 

IN-JT333 Rainbow trout LC50) / DPXMP062 Rainbow trout LC50

NA 

Estuarine/marine 

fish acute 

IN-MP819 NA 

Estimated LC50 = 0.2095 mg a.i./L 

= (absolute DPX-MP062 Sheepshead 

minnow LC50 * absolute MP819 Rainbow 

trout LC50) / DPX-MP062 Rainbow trout 

LC50

NA 

IN-JT333 NA 

Estimated LC50 = 0.0137 mg a.i./L 

= (absolute DPX-MP062 Sheepshead 

minnow LC50 * JT333 Rainbow trout LC50) 

/ DPX-MP062 Rainbow trout LC50

NA 

Estuarine/marine 

fish chronic IN-MP819 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.0096 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Sheepshead minnow 

NOEC * (absolute IN-MP819 Rainbow 

trout LC50 / DPX-MP062 Rainbow trout 

LC50) 

NA 
17 

Study Type Degradate 

(%) Species Toxicity Endpoints1

, Effects and Acute 

Toxicity Classification (If Applicable) 

MRID & 

Classification 

IN-JT333 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.0006 mg a.i./L 

= DPX-MP062 Sheepshead minnow NOEC 

* (IN-JT333 Rainbow trout LC50 / DPXMP062 Rainbow trout LC50) 

NA 

Freshwater 

invertebrate 

acute 

IN-MP819 

Water flea 

(Daphnia 

magna) 

48-hr EC50 = 0.064 mg a.i./L 

Very highly toxic 

46005801 

Acceptable 

IN-JT333 

(98.7) 

Water flea 

(Daphnia 

magna) 

48-hr EC50 > 0.029 mg a.i./L 

At most very highly toxic 

44477221 

Supplemental 

Freshwater 

invertebrate 

chronic 

IN-MP819 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.008 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Daphnia NOEC * INMP819 Daphnia EC50) / DPX-MP062 

Daphnia EC50 

NA 

IN-JT333 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.0036 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Daphnia NOEC * absolute 

IN-JT333 Daphnia EC50) / DPX-MP062 

Daphnia EC50

NA 

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrate 

acute 

IN-MP819 NA 

Estimated LC50 = 0.0058 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Mysid LC50 * IN-MP819 

Daphnia EC50) / DPX-MP062 Daphnia 

EC50 

NA 

IN-JT333 NA 

Estimated LC50 = 0.0026 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Mysid LC50 * absolute INJT333 Daphnia EC50) / DPX-MP062 

Daphnia EC50 

NA 

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrate 

chronic 

IN-MP819 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.002 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Mysid NOEC * IN-MP819 

Daphnia EC50) / DPX-MP062 Daphnia 

EC50

NA 

IN-JT333 NA 

Estimated NOEC = 0.0001 mg a.i./L 

= (DPX-MP062 Mysid NOEC * absolute 

JT333 Daphnia EC50) / DPX-MP062 

Daphnia EC50 

NA 

N/A = not applicable 

1 BOLD values are estimated toxicity endpoints. 

5.3 Review of Incident Databases 

Three databases, the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) maintained by the 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division, the Aggregate Summary Module (ASM) of Office of 

Pesticide Program’s Incident database maintained by the Information Technology and Resource 

Management Division, and the Avian Incident Monitoring System (AIMS) maintained by the 

American Bird Conservancy, were searched on February 6, 2013 to locate incidents resulting 

from the use of indoxacarb. No incidents were reported in AIMS. There were three incidents 

reported in EIIS, all of which were the result of registered uses (see Table 5-3). 

Table 5-3. Details of Incidents Associated with the Use of Indoxacarb 

Incident # 

Date 

Species Use Site State Magnitude Response Route of 

Exposure 

Certainty Legality 

I014139-007 Apricot Tomato CA $250,000 Plant Drift, Probable Registered 
18 

Incident # 

Date 

Species Use Site State Magnitude Response Route of 

Exposure 

Certainty Legality 

5/24/2003 damage spray use 

I016479-001 

8/14/1999 

Bee Cotton CA 164 bee 

hives 

Mortality Treated 

directly 

Possible Registered 

use 

I016138-001 

10/11/2004 

Cauliflower Cauliflower CA 70 acres Plant 

damage 

Treated 

directly 

Unlikely Registered 

use 

Incident I014139-007, which has a certainty factor of ‘probable’, occurred in Fresno, California, 

on May 24, 2003 and involved aerial application of Avaunt insecticide to a tomato field resulting 

in spray drift onto an adjacent apricot orchard. Avaunt was approved for tomatoes but not for 

apricots at the time of the incident. Analysis of residues from the orchard showed two samples 

were positive for indoxacarb. 

Incident I016479-001, which has a certainty factor of ‘possible’, occurred in the California 

counties of Kern and Tulare on August 14, 1999 and involved application to cotton resulting in a 

bee kill. The pesticide applicator failed to notify the County prior to spraying a pesticide that is 

potentially harmful to bees. Analysis of the bees showed the presence of chlorpyrifos (0.11 ppm) 

and indoxacarb (0.04 ppm) residues. 

Incident I016138-001, which has a certainty factor of ‘unlikely’, occurred in Brawley, California 

and involved application of Avaunt insecticide, Permethrin 3.2 EC, and SI 200 Organo Silicone 

RNA to a 70-acre crop of cauliflower. In a lawsuit regarding the plant damage, the plaintiff 

alleged that the insecticide mixture was “contaminated and adulterated with herbicides, including 

without limitation, the herbicide Pursuit.” Pursuit contains the active ingredient imazethapyr and 

is not registered for cauliflower. Damage was so severe that the crop was unfit for human 

consumption and unmarketable. There was no evidence that the pesticide mixture contained 

Pursuit. 

Two incidents were reported in the Aggregate Incident Data System. One involved minor plant 

damage and took place in 2003 (Package and Seq. # 014811-00017), and the other involved a 

non-target organism and took place in 2012 (Package and Seq. # 024727-00017). 

It should be noted that a lack of reported incidents should not be taken as an indicator of little or 

no ecological risk. 

6 Risk Hypothesis 

A risk hypothesis describes the predicted relationship among the stressor, exposure, and 

assessment endpoint response along with the rationale for their selection. For indoxacarb, the 

following ecological risk hypothesis will be tested in the Registration Review ecological risk 

assessment: 

Based on the application methods, mode of action, fate and transport, and the sensitivity 

of non-target aquatic and terrestrial species, indoxacarb has the potential to reduce 

survival, reproduction, and/or growth in non-target terrestrial and aquatic plants, 

aquatic fish and invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, as well as birds and mammals 
19 

when used in accordance with the current labels. These non-target organisms include 

Federally-listed threatened and endangered species as well as non-listed species. 

7 Exposure Pathways of Concern 

For terrestrial vertebrates, the major route of exposure to indoxacarb is considered to be via 

dietary ingestion of food items such as seeds, plants, and/or animals that have indoxacarb 

residues as a result of direct application, spray drift, and runoff. Exposure to indoxacarb through 

the consumption of drinking water alone is not considered a potential concern for birds and 

mammals based on the results of EFED’s Screening Imbibition Program (SIP v. 1.0) (Appendix 

B). Exposure to terrestrial vertebrates through inhalation is considered not likely significant 

given indoxacarb’s low vapor pressure and the results of EFED’s Screening Tool for Inhalation 

Risk using a conservative non-definitive endpoint for rat inhalation toxicity (STIR v. 1.0) 

(Appendix C). 

For terrestrial invertebrates, the major routes of exposure to indoxacarb are considered to be 

direct contact as a result of direct application and spray drift and dietary ingestion of 

plants/pollen/nectar, animals, and/or soil that have indoxacarb residues as a result of direct 

application, spray drift, and runoff. 

For aquatic animal species, the major route of exposure to indoxacarb is considered to be uptake 

via the respiratory surface (gills) or the integument from surface water/sediment that has 

indoxacarb residues as a result of spray drift, runoff, and leaching to groundwater from soil. 

For terrestrial (upland and semi-aquatic) non-target plants, the major routes of exposure to 

indoxacarb are considered to be direct contact as a result of direct application and spray drift and 

root uptake via soil contaminated via spray drift and runoff. 

For aquatic plants, the major routes of exposure to indoxacarb are considered to be uptake from 

surface water/sediment containing indoxacarb residues as a result of spray drift, runoff, and 

leaching to groundwater from soil. 

8 Analysis Plan 

To address the risk hypothesis, the potential for adverse effects on the environment will be 

estimated. Usage, environmental fate, and ecological effects of indoxacarb will be characterized 

and integrated to assess the risks. As outlined in the Overview Document (USEPA, 2004), the 

likelihood of effects to individual organisms from particular uses of a chemical is estimated 

using the probit dose-response slope and either the level of concern (LOC) or the actual 

calculated risk quotient (RQ) value. 

This analysis plan will be revisited and may be revised depending upon a full review of the data 

available in the open literature and the information submitted by the public in response to the 

opening of the Registration Review docket. 
20 

8.1 Stressors of Concern 

8.1.1 Terrestrial Assessment 

Since degradates IN-KG433 and IN-JT333 were not identified as major degradates during fate 

studies of the hydrolysis or photolysis of parent indoxacarb, fate processes that EFED considers 

important to dissipation of non-volatile pesticides from vegetation, neither will be considered 

stressors of concern in the assessment for terrestrial vertebrates (i.e., birds and mammals). 

Therefore, only parent indoxacarb will be considered a stressor of concern in the assessment for 

terrestrial vertebrates for the Registration Review ecological risk assessment. 

Given that acute effects in mammals can be attributed mostly to (S) isomer KN128 of parent 

indoxacarb, mammalian acute estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) in the 

Registration Review ecological risk assessment will be based on the application rate in terms of 

the (S) isomer KN128 alone, and the toxicity endpoint used for calculating mammalian acute 

RQs will be that for the (S) isomer alone (i.e., LD50 of 179 mg/kg-bw). 

8.1.2 Aquatic Assessment 

Results of registrant-submitted studies indicate that degradate IN-JT333 is more acutely toxic to 

freshwater fish than parent indoxacarb and that degradate IN-MP819 is more acutely toxic to 

freshwater invertebrates than parent indoxacarb. Therefore, indoxacarb and degradates INJT333 and IN-MP819 will be considered stressors of concern in the assessment for aquatic 

animals (i.e., fish and aquatic invertebrates) of the Registration Review ecological risk 

assessment. Specifically, the toxic equivalency (TEQ) approach will be used to assess both 

parent indoxacarb and degradates IN-JT333 and IN-MP819. The following steps will be taken to 

implement this approach and calculate acute and chronic RQs for each aquatic animal taxa: 

a) Aquatic animal acute and chronic toxicity endpoints (mg/L) for parent indoxacarb and 

degradates IN-JT333 and IN-MP819 will be converted to μmol/L using molecular 

weights6. 

b) Ratios of the toxicity endpoint for parent indoxacarb (μmol/L) to the toxicity endpoint 

for each degradate (μmol/L) will be calculated to yield Toxicity Equivalence Factors 

(TEFs). 

c) Surface water EECs of parent indoxacarb and degradates IN-JT333 and IN-MP819 will 

be modeled separately. 

d) Surface water EECs of IN-JT333 and IN-MP819 will be adjusted based on the TEFs 

yielding surface water EECs for the degradates expressed in toxic equivalents of parent. 

e) The surface water EEC for parent indoxacarb and surface water EECs for degradates INJT333 and IN-MP819 expressed in toxic equivalents of parent will be summed to yield a 

total surface water EEC expressed in toxic equivalents of the parent. 

f) Total surface water EECs expressed in toxic equivalents of the parent will be divided by 

the parent’s toxicity endpoint to yield RQs. 

An RQ calculated using the TEQ approach represents risk from combined exposure to parent 

indoxacarb and degradates IN-JT333 and IN-MP819. 

 

6

 Indoxacarb MW = 527.8 g/mol; IN-JT333 MW = 468.91 g/mol; IN-MP819 MW = 498.8 
21 

Environmental fate data for IN-JT333 and IN-MP819 are needed for modeling EECs. In the 

absence of data, EFED will assume these degradates are stable and use QSAR modeling 

(EPISuite ver. 4.0) to estimate the physical and chemical properties needed for modeling inputs. 

8.2 Measures of Exposure 

There is potential for exposure to non-target organisms through consumption of contaminated 

food items (e.g., treated insects or vegetation), direct application, runoff, and spray drift. To 

estimate risks to non-target organisms from exposure to indoxacarb, all exposure modeling and 

resulting risk conclusions will be made based on maximum application rates, minimum 

application intervals, application methods, and any mitigation measures specifically indicated on 

the label. Models that will be used to predict EECs of indoxacarb are discussed on OPP’s model 

website7. These models include: PRZM (Pesticide Root Zone Model) and EXAMS (EXposure 

Analysis Modeling System), PRZM-groundwater (PRZM-GW), T-REX, and TerrPlant. 

Additionally, the Agency will assess available monitoring data. 

8.3 Measures of Effect 

Ecological effects data are used as measures of direct and indirect effects to non-target 

organisms. Data are obtained from registrant-submitted studies or from open literature studies 

identified by ECOTOX8

. Information on the potential effects of indoxacarb and degradates to 

non-target organisms is also collected from reviews of incidents associated with the use of 

indoxacarb (see Section 5.3). 

Where available, sub-lethal effects observed in both registrant-submitted and open literature 

studies will be evaluated qualitatively. Such effects may include behavioral changes (e.g., 

lethargy and changes in coloration). Quantitative assessments of risks, though, are limited to 

those endpoints that can be directly linked to the Agency’s assessment endpoints of impaired 

survival, growth, and reproduction. 

The assessment of risk for direct effects to non-target organisms makes the assumption that 

toxicity of indoxacarb to birds is similar to terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles. The same 

assumption is made for fish and aquatic-phase amphibians. 

8.4 Integration of Exposure and Effects 

Risk characterization is the integration of exposure and ecological effect characterizations to 

determine the potential ecological risk from the use of indoxacarb and the likelihood of direct 

and indirect effects to non-target organisms in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The exposure and 

effects data are integrated to evaluate potential adverse ecological effects to non-target species. 

For the indoxacarb Registration Review ecological risk assessment, the RQ method will be used 

to compare estimated exposure and measured toxicity values. Acute and chronic EECs will be 

divided by acute and chronic toxicity values. The resulting RQs will then be compared to the 

Agency’s LOCs (USEPA, 2004). These criteria are used to indicate when indoxacarb’s use, as 

directed on the labels, has the potential to cause adverse direct or indirect effects to non-target 

 

7

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm

8

http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/
22 

organisms. In addition, incident data from EIIS, aggregate incident reports, and AIMS will be 

considered as part of the risk characterization. 

8.5 Drinking Water Assessment 

A drinking water assessment (DWA) that considers all currently registered uses will be 

conducted to support the Registration Review human health dietary risk assessment for 

indoxacarb. The Metabolism Assessment Review Committee (MARC) of the Health Effects 

Division (HED) reviewed the degradate structures to determine human health residues of 

concern. Based on the MARC memorandum, a Total Toxic Residue (TTR) approach should be 

applied for parent indoxacarb and the degradation products with toxicological concern, INJT333, IN-KG433, IN- KT413, and IN-ML437-OH, for the DWA. 

Chemical concentrations will be estimated using PRZM/EXAMS for surface waters and the Tier 

I model, Screening Concentration in Ground Water (SCI-GROW, v2.3), for groundwater9. 

Alternatively, ground water concentrations may be estimated using PRZM-GW (under 

evaluation) according to guidance at the time of assessment. The DWA will also include a 

summary of available surface and ground water monitoring data. 

8.6 Endangered Species Assessments 

Consistent with the Agency’s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the 

Agency will evaluate risks to Federally-listed threatened and/or endangered (listed) species from 

registered uses of indoxacarb. This assessment will be conducted in accordance with the 

Overview Document (USEPA, 2004), provisions of the ESA, and the Services’ Endangered 

Species Consultation Handbook (USFWS/NMFS, 1998). 

The assessment of effects associated with the registration of indoxacarb is based on an action 

area. The action area is considered to be the area directly or indirectly affected by the federal 

action, as indicated by the exceedance of Agency LOCs used to evaluate direct or indirect 

effects. The Agency’s approach to defining the action area under the provisions of the Overview 

Document (USEPA, 2004) considers the results of the risk assessment process to establish 

boundaries for that action area with the understanding that exposures below the Agency’s 

defined LOCs constitute a no-effect threshold. For the purposes of this assessment, attention will 

be focused on the footprint of the action (i.e., the area where indoxacarb application occurs), plus 

all areas where offsite transport (i.e., spray drift, runoff, etc.) may result in potential exposure 

that exceeds the Agency’s LOCs. Specific measures of ecological effect that define the action 

area for listed species include any direct and indirect effects and/or potential modification of its 

critical habitat, including reduction in survival, growth, and reproduction as well as the full suite 

of sub-lethal effects available in the effects literature. Therefore, the action area extends to a 

point where environmental exposures are below any measured lethal or sub-lethal effect 

threshold for any biological entity at the whole organism, organ, tissue, and cellular level of 

organization. In situations where it is not possible to determine the threshold for an observed 

effect, the action area will be assumed to encompass the entire United States. 

 

9

 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/ 
23 

8.7 Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program 

As required by FIFRA and FFDCA, EPA reviews numerous studies to assess potential adverse 

outcomes from exposure to chemicals. Collectively, these studies include acute, subchronic and 

chronic toxicity, including assessments of carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, developmental, 

reproductive, and general or systemic toxicity. These studies include endpoints which may be 

susceptible to endocrine influence, including effects on endocrine target organ histopathology, 

organ weights, estrus cyclicity, sexual maturation, fertility, pregnancy rates, reproductive loss, 

and sex ratios in offspring. For ecological hazard assessments, EPA evaluates acute tests and 

chronic studies that assess growth, developmental and reproductive effects in different 

taxonomic groups. As part of the most recent registration decision, EPA reviewed these data and 

selected the most sensitive endpoints for relevant risk assessment scenarios from the existing 

hazard database. However, as required by FFDCA section 408(p), indoxacarb is subject to the 

endocrine screening part of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). 

EPA has developed the EDSP to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide 

active and other ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect 

produced by a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator 

may designate.” The EDSP employs a two-tiered approach to making the statutorily required 

determinations. Tier 1 consists of a battery of 11 screening assays to identify the potential of a 

chemical substance to interact with the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid (E, A, or T) hormonal 

systems. Chemicals that go through Tier 1 screening and are found to have the potential to 

interact with E, A, or T hormonal systems will proceed to the next stage of the EDSP where EPA 

will determine which, if any, of the Tier 2 tests are necessary based on the available data. Tier 2 

testing is designed to identify any adverse endocrine-related effects caused by the substance, and 

establish a dose-response relationship between the dose and the E, A, or T effect. 

Under FFDCA section 408(p), the Agency must screen all pesticide chemicals. Between 

October 2009 and February 2010, EPA issued test orders/data call-ins for the first group of 67 

chemicals, which contains 58 pesticide active ingredients and 9 inert ingredients. Indoxacarb 

was not among the group of 58 pesticide active ingredients on the initial list to be screened under 

the EDSP. For additional information on the EDSP program, visit http://www.epa.gov/endo/. 

9 Data Gaps 

According to the Code of Federal Regulations 40 Part 158 Subpart D (data requirements for 

pesticides), environmental fate and non-target organism effects data are required for indoxacarb 

based on its terrestrial use patterns. Available studies submitted to fulfill environmental fate and 

ecological effects guideline requirements, as well as outstanding data gaps for indoxacarb, are 

defined in Sections 9.1 and 9.2.

9.1 Environmental Fate Data 

Since EFED is using the TEQ approach to assess risk to aquatic animals (i.e., fish and aquatic 

invertebrates) in the Registration Review ecological risk assessment, environmental fate input 

parameter data for IN-JT333 and IN-MP819 would facilitate the modeling of EECs. In the 
24 

absence of data, EFED will assume these degradates are stable and use QSAR modeling 

(EPISuite ver. 4.0) to estimate the physical and chemical properties needed for modeling inputs. 

Table 9-1 lists the status of the fate and transport data requirements for indoxacarb. The fate 

database for indoxacarb is complete (with the exception of anaerobic soil metabolism, storage 

stability and analytical methods as noted in Table 9-1). 

Table 9.1. Environmental Fate Data for Indoxacarb and Remaining Data Gaps

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data 

Gap? 

Additional Data Recommended for 

Request? 

(Risk Management Recommendations) 

835.2120 

161-1 

Hydrolysis 44477301 

45795801 

Supplemental 

Acceptable No -- 

835.2240 

161-2 

Photodegradation 

in Water 

44477302 

45795802 

Supplemental 

Acceptable No -- 

835.2410 

161-3 

Photodegradation 

in Soil 44477303 Supplemental No -- 

835.4100 

162-1 

Aerobic Soil 

Metabolism 

45166303 

44477304 

44477307 

45795812 

45850001 

45906701 

45795803 

Supplemental 

Marginally 

Acceptable 

Supplemental 

Supplemental 

Supplemental 

Acceptable 1

Acceptable 2

No 

-- 

835.4200 

162-2 

Anaerobic Soil 

Metabolism 

-- -- Yes Yes. No anaerobic soil metabolism data have 

been submitted. OCSPP guidance 

recommends that these tests be performed 

with four soils. Because OCSPP uses an 

upper 90th percentile estimate of soil 

metabolism half-lives based on available 

study data for modeling purposes, any 

additional data can reduce uncertainty related 

to the exposure assessment as well as the 

half-life value used in modeling. 

835.4300 

162-4 

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 45793301 

44477306 

Marginally 

Acceptable 

Supplemental 

No -- 

835.4400 

162-3 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

Metabolism 

45795804 

44477305 

Supplemental 

Supplemental No -- 

835.1230 Adsorption/ 

Desorption 45795809 Supplemental 3

 No -- 

835.1240 

163-1 

Leaching 44477309 Supplemental No -- 

835.6100 

164-1 

Terrestrial Field 

Dissipation 45850002 Supplemental 4

 No -- 

Storage Stability 

in Soil -- -- Yes Yes. Storage Stability in soil and Analytical 

Methods in soil and water are required under 
25 

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data 

Gap? 

Additional Data Recommended for 

Request? 

(Risk Management Recommendations) 

Analytical 

Methods – Soil 

and Water 

-- -- 

40 CFR part 158 for terrestrial outdoor uses 

(part of Terrestrial Field Dissipation study) 

165-4 Bioaccumulation 

in Fish 

(BCF) 

45805301 Acceptable No -- 

1 Acceptable with MRID 45795803 and MRID 44477304 

2 Acceptable with MRID 44477304 

3 Classified Supplemental together with study MRID 44477308 

4 Classified Supplemental together with studies MRID 44477312, 44477315, 44477316 

9.2 Ecological Effects Data 

Table 9-2 provides ecological effects studies by MRID for parent indoxacarb (DPX-MP06210, 

(S) isomer KN128, and (R) isomer KN127) and degradates (IN-MP819, IN-JT333) that offer 

data for each guideline requirement, study classifications, whether or not there is a data gap, and 

whether or not additional data are recommended for request to the support the Registration 

Review ecological risk assessment. 

There are no data to assess chronic toxicity of IN-MP819 and IN-JT333 to freshwater fish and 

invertebrates or acute and chronic toxicities of these degradates to estuarine/marine fish and 

invertebrates. In the absence of these data, these toxicity endpoints will be estimated using 

available toxicity data for parent indoxacarb and acute toxicity relationships between the 

degradates and parent (estimates are bolded in Table 5-2). 

 

 

10 79% (S) isomer KN128: 21% (R) isomer KN127 
26 

Table 9-2. Ecological Effects Data for Indoxacarb and Remaining Data GapsGuideline Description MRID Chemicala Classification Data Gap? Additional Data Recomm

(Risk Management Reco

850.1010 

Acute toxicity freshwater invertebrates 

44477219 DPX-MP062 Acceptable 

No -- 

44487902 50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127b Supplemental 46005801 IN-MP819 Acceptable No -- 44477221 IN-JT333 Supplemental Yes 

No. The study is scientificfulfill the guideline requir

invertebrate acute toxicity Supplemental) because a d

obtained. Five percent moobserved at the highest treHowever, it is still useful In the absence of additioncharacterizing risk to freshacute exposure to IN-JT33assumption that IN-JT333 DPX-MP062 (79% (S) isoisomer KN127) are equallinvertebrates will be made 

a.i./L). 

850.1025 850.1055 

Acute toxicity estuarine/marine mollusk 

44477224 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No -- 

850.1035 850.1045 

Acute toxicity estuarine/marine invertebrate 

44477223 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No -- 

850.1075 

Acute toxicity freshwater fish (cold water species) 

44477209 DPX-MP062 Acceptable 

No -- 

44477210 75% (S) isomer KN128: 25% (R) isomer KN127 Acceptable 44477215 29.3% (S) isomer KN128: 10.3% (R) isomer KN127 Acceptable 44477213 14.7% (S) isomer KN128: 4.3% (R) isomer KN127 Supplemental 
27 

Guideline Description MRID Chemicala Classification Data Gap? Additional Data Recomm

(Risk Management Reco

46022501 IN-MP819 Supplemental Yes 

Yes. The study is scientififulfill the guideline requir

fish acute toxicity test (i.eSupplemental) because fistermination (range of 20 fsolvent control groups = 0than the minimum of the rrange (0.5 to 5 g). In addisublethal effects including equilibrium, labored or raon bottom, and lethargy wtreatment concentration, 0a non-definitive endpoint 

concentration). Based on definitive endpoints11, req

recommended. In the absconservative assumption o

a.i./L may be used for chafreshwater fish from acute 

44477216 IN-JT333 Acceptable No 

Acute toxicity freshwater fish (warm water species) 

44477211 DPX-MP062 Acceptable 

No -- 

44477214 29.3% (S) isomer KN128: 10.3% (R) isomer KN127 Acceptable 44487901 50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127b Supplemental 44477212 50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127b Supplemental 

Acute toxicity estuarine/marine fish 44477222 DPX-MP062 Supplemental Yes 

Yes. The study is scientififulfill the guideline requirfish estuarine/marine acut

classified as Supplementachemical to its maximum brackish water conditions

11 http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/efed/policy_guidance/team_authors/endangered_species_reregistration_workgroup/esa_non_d
28 

Guideline Description MRID Chemicala Classification Data Gap? Additional Data Recomm

(Risk Management Recomortality and sublethal efswimming and partial loss observed at the highest tremg a.i./L, resulting in a no

LC50 > highest tested conc

guidance for using non-de

requesting additional data absence of additional dataassumption of an LC50 of 

for characterizing risk to eacute exposure to parent i

850.1300 

Aquatic invertebrate  life cycle (freshwater) 

44477225 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No -- 

850.1350 

Aquatic invertebrate  life cycle (saltwater) 

44477227 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No --

850.1400 

Fish early life stage (freshwater) 44477228 DPX-MP062 Supplemental Yes 

No. The submitted freshwtoxicity test is scientificalthe guideline requirementtoxicity test (i.e., is classif

to the wide variability in mand the limited number of address the variability. H

quantitative purposes. In data, the existing early life NOEC = 0.15 mg a.i./L) mthe toxicity of indoxacarb chronic exposure. 

Fish early life-stage (saltwater) 44477226 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No --

850.2100 Avian oral toxicity (upland game or 44477201 DPW-MP062 Acceptable No -- 44477203 IN-JT333 Acceptable No 12 http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/efed/policy_guidance/team_authors/endangered_species_reregistration_workgroup/esa_non_d
29 

Guideline Description MRID Chemicala Classification Data Gap? Additional Data Recomm

(Risk Management Reco

waterfowl species) Avian oral toxicity (passerine species) -- -- -- Yes 

Yes. Avian acute oral toxi

species are required under 

Passerine birds may utilizare different from larger bindoxacarb as DPX-MP06request. In the absence of toxicity data for surrogate 

data for surrogate chemica

for less related chemicals characterize the toxicity ospecies. 

850.2200 

Avian dietary toxicity 

(upland game species) 44491701 DPW-MP062 Acceptable No -- Avian dietary toxicity (waterfowl species) 44477204 DPW-MP062 Acceptable No -- 

850.2300 

Avian reproduction (upland game species) 44477205 DPW-MP062 Acceptable No -- 

Avian reproduction (waterfowl species) 44477206 DPW-MP062 Acceptable No -- 

850.3020 Honey bee acute contact toxicity 44477234 50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127b Acceptable No -- 850.3030 Honey bee toxicity of residues on foliage 44477236 30% (S) isomer KN128: 10% (R) isomer KN127 Acceptable No -- Nonguideline Honey bee acute oral toxicity 44477235 50% (S) isomer KN128: 50% (R) isomer KN127b Acceptable NA 
30 

Guideline Description MRID Chemicala Classification Data Gap? Additional Data Recomm

(Risk Management Reco

Nonguideline Larval honey bee acute oral toxicity -- -- -- NA 

Yes. The “White Paper in Risk Assessment Process the FIFRA Scientific Adv

screening-level risk assessacute contact and oral toxand an acute oral toxicity honey bee acute contact aavailable for parent indoxhoney bee acute oral toxicTherefore, data from a nobee acute oral toxicity test DPX-MP062 are recomm

850.4100 Seedling emergence (terrestrial plants) -- -- -- Yes Yes. Data for terrestrial pl

under 40 CFR Part 158. DMP062 and a TEP enricherecommended for requestdata, terrestrial plant toxicpesticides – starting with dchemicals and proceeding chemicals – may be used of indoxacarb to terrestria

850.4150 Vegetative vigor (terrestrial plants) -- -- -- Yes 850.4400 

Aquatic plant growth (aquatic vascular plant toxicity) 

44477230 DPX-MP062 Supplemental Yes 

No. This study is scientififulfill the guideline requir

plant toxicity test (i.e., is c

because renewals should bdepending on the stability However, it is still useful In the absence of additionduckweed endpoints (i.e., 

NOEC = 0.084 mg a.i./L) characterize the toxicity ovascular plants. 

850.4500 Aquatic plant growth 44477231 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No -- 13 http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2012-0543-0004
31 

Guideline Description MRID Chemicala Classification Data Gap? Additional Data Recomm

(Risk Management Reco

(aquatic non-vascular plant: algal toxicity) 

44491702 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No 

44477232 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No 

850.4550 

Aquatic plant growth (aquatic non-vascular plant: cyanobacteria toxicity) 

44477233 DPX-MP062 Acceptable No -- 

NA = not applicable; FW = freshwater; SW = saltwater a DPX-MP062: 79% (S) isomer KN128: 21% (R) isomer KN127 b DPX-JW062 
32 

10 References 

DP 402100. Tier II Drinking Water Assessment for the New Use Registration of Indoxacarb on 

Dry Beans, Snap Beans, Small Fruit Vine Climbing Subgroup 13-07F and Low-Growing 

Berry Subgroup 13-07H. November 2, 2012. 

DP 402424, 402425. Indoxacarb: Ecological Risk Assessment to Support IR-4 Proposed New 

Uses on Dry Beans, Snap Beans, Small Fruit Vine Climbing Subgroup 13-07F, and Low 

Growing Berry Subgroup 13-07H. January 3, 2013. 

USEPA. 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Office of 

Research and Development, Washington, D.C. EPA/630/R-95/002F. April 1998. 

http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=30759 

USEPA. 2004. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide 

Programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and 

Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington DC. January 23, 2004. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1998. 

Endangered Species Consultation Handbook: Procedures for Conducting Consultation 

and Conference Activities Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Final Draft. 

March 1998.
33 

11 Bibliography of Cited MRIDs 

Environmental Fate Studies 

44477301 Ferraro, P.; McEuen, S. (1996) Hydrolysis of DPX-JW062 (A Racemic Mixture of 

DPX-KN128 and DPX-KN127) in Buffer Solutions of pH 5, 7 and 9: Lab Project 

Number: AMR 2789-93. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Agricultural 

Products. 39 p. 

44477302 Ferraro, P.; McEuen, S. (1997) Photodegradation of DPX-JW062 (A Racemic 

Mixture of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127) in pH 5 Buffer Solution and Natural Water 

by Simulated Sunlight: Lab Project Number: AMR 2788-93. Unpublished study 

prepared by DuPont Agricultural Products. 61 p. 

44477303 Berg, D. (1997) Photodegradation of Radiolabeled DPX-JW062, A Racemic Mixture 

of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127, on Soil Under Simulated Sunlight: Lab Project 

Number: AMR 2818-93. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Agricultural 

Products. 57 p. 

44477304 Rhodes, B. (1997) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)-DPX-JW062: Lab 

Project Number: AMR 2803-93. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Agricultural 

Products. 73 p. 

44477305 Boucher, C. (1997) Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism of (Indanone-1-(carbon 14)) 

DPX-JW062 and (Trifluoromethoxyphenyl(U)-(carbon 14)) DPX-JW062, a Racemic 

(50:50) Mixture of DPX-KN128 and DPX-KN127: Lab Project Number: AMR 

3236-94. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Agricultural Products. 51 p. 

44477306 McFetridge, R.; Houben, K. (1997) Degradability and Fate of DPX-JW062 in the 

Aerobic Aquatic Environment (Water/Sediment System): Lab Project Number: AMR 

3523-95. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Agricultural Products. 63 p. 

44477307 Spare, W. (1997) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of DPX-MP062, An (Approximately) 3:1 

Mixture of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127: Lab Project Number: 1748: 3633-95. 

Unpublished study prepared by Agrisearch, Inc. 72 p. 

44477309 Fetterman, D.; Chrzanowski, R. (1997) Soil Column Leaching Study of (carbon 14)-

DPX-MP062 (A 3:1 Mixture of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127) on Four Aged Soils: 

Lab Project Number: AMR 3845-96. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont 

Agricultural Products. 85 p. 

44477311 Ruhl, J. (1997) Field Soil Dissipation of (carbon 14)DPX-JW062 (Racemic Mixture 

of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127) Following Application of DPX-JW062 

Experimental Insecticide: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: 42635: AMR 3400-

95. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Agricultural Products and Analytical 

Bio-Chemistry Labs., Inc. 299 p. 

44477312 Vincent, D.; McCooey, K.; Ruhl, J. (1997) Field Soil Dissipation of DPX-JW062 

(Racemic Mixture of DPX-KN128 (Insecticidally Active Enantiomer) and INKN127) Following Application of DPX-JW062 Experimental Insecticide to Bare 
34 

Ground: Lab Project Number: AMR 3402-95: ML95-0571-DUP. Unpublished study 

prepared by DuPont Agricultural Products and Morse Labs., Inc. 338 p. 

44477315 Klemens, F.; Ehlers, C.; Harris, E. (1997) Environmental Chemistry Method for the 

Determination of DPX-KN128/IN-KN127 Residues in Water Using GC/ECD: Lab 

Project Number: AMR 3052-94. Unpublished study prepared by Conoco, Inc. and 

DuPont Agricultural Products. 27 p. 

44477316 Westberg, G.; Vincent, D. (1997) Environmental Chemistry Method for the 

Determination of DPX-KN128 Residues in Soil Using GC-MSD: Revision No. 1: 

Lab Project Number: AMR 4367-97. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont 

Agricultural Products. 40 p. 

44477319 Premkumar, N.; Cole, K.; Madsen, T. (1997) Bioconcentration and Metabolism of 

(Indanone-1-(carbon 14))DPX-JW062 and (Trifluoromethoxyphenyl(U)-(carbon 

14))DPX-JW062 in Fish (A Racemic Mixture of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127): Lab 

Project Number: 42910: AMR 3663-95. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs., 

Inc. 270 p. 

45166303 Rhodes, B. (1997) Degradation Rates of DPX-MP062 in Soil: Lab Project Number: 

AMR 4251-96. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and 

Company. 64 p. 

45793301 Shaw, D. (2002) (Carbon 14)-DPX-MP062 (A 3:1 Mixture of DPX-KN128 and INKN127): Degradability and Fate in the Water/Sediment System: Lab Project 

Number: DUPONT-8417: 8417: DPT 617/023294. Unpublished study prepared by 

Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 153 p. 

45795801 Lentz, N. (2002) Hydrolysis of (Carbon 14)-DPX-MP062 in Buffer Solutions of pH 

5, 7, and 9: Lab Project Number: 014331-1: DUPONT-9800: 014331. Unpublished 

study prepared by Ricerca Biosciences, LLC. 70 p. 

45795802 Lentz, N. (2002) Photodegradation of (Carbon 14)-DPX-MP062 in pH 5 Buffer by 

Simulated Sunlight: Lab Project Number: 014330-1: DUPONT-9801. Unpublished 

study prepared by Ricerca Biosciences, LLC. 86 p. 

45795803 Singles, S.; Rhodes, B. (2002) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (Carbon 14)-DPXJW062: Revision 1: Lab Project Number: AMR 2803-93. Unpublished study 

prepared by E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company. 104 p. 

45795804 Smyser, B. (2002) Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism of (Indanone-1-(Carbon 14)) 

DPX-JW062 and (Trifluoromethoxyphenyl(U)-(Carbon 14)) DPX-JW062, A 

Racemic (50:50) Mixture of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127: Lab Project Number: 

AMR 3236-94: 02-CPS-013: 02. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de 

Nemours and Company and Critical Path Services, LLC. 72 p. 

45795809 Smyser, B. (2002) Batch Equilibrium Study of DPX-JW062 (A Racemic Mixture of 

DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127) and IN-JT333: Lab Project Number: AMR 3489-95. 

Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and Critical 

Path Services, LLC. 65 p. 
35 

45795812 Rhodes, B. (2002) Degradation Rates of DPX-MP062 in Soil: Lab Project Number: 

AMR 4251-96: 02-CPS-012. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de 

Nemours and Company and Critical Path Services, LLC. 28 p. 

45805301 Premkumar, N.; Cole, K.; Madsen, T.; et al. (2002) Bioconcentration and 

Metabolism of (Indanone-1-(Carbon 14))DPX-JW062 and

(Trifluoromethoxyphenyl(U)-(Carbon 14))DPX-JW062 in Fish (A Racemic Mixture 

of DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127): Revision 1: Lab Project Number: AMR 3663-95: 

42910: 42910-B1. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. duPont de Nemours and 

Company and ABC Laboratories, Inc. 258 p. 

45850001 Spare, W. (2002) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of DPX-MP062, AN=3:1 Mixture of 

DPX-KN128 and IN-KN127: Lab Project Number: AMR 3633-95. Unpublished 

study prepared by Agrisearch Incorporated and E.I. du Pont de Nemours and 

Company. 16 p. 

45850002 Vincent, D.; McCooey, K.; Ruhl, J. (1999) Field Soil Dissipation of DPX-JW062 

(Racemic Mixture of DPX-KN128 (Insecticidally Active Enantiomer) and INKN127) Following Application of DPX-JW062 Experimental Insecticide to Bare 

Ground: Lab Project Number: AMR 3402-95: ML95-0571-DUP. Unpublished study 

prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and Morse Laboratories, Inc. 

107 p. {OPPTS 860.1380} 

45906701 Mellor, S. (2003) (Carbon 14)-DPX-MP062 (A 3:1 Mixture of DPX-KN128 and INKN127): Aerobic Soil Metabolism: Lab Project Number: DUPONT-8516: 8516. 

Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 108 p. 

 

Ecological Effects Studies 

44477113 Sarver, J. (1996) Acute Oral Toxicity Study with DPX-MP062 Technical 

(Approximately 75% DPX-KN128, 25% DPX-KN127) in Male and Female Rats: 

Lab Project Number: 10581-001: HLR 910-96: 910-96. Unpublished study prepared 

by Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. 56 p. 

44477115 Kern, T. (1997) Acute Oral Toxicity Study with DPX-KN128 Technical in Male 

and Female Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 10720-001: HLO-1997-00055: 

WIL-189093. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Labs., Inc. 123 p. 

44477116 Kern, T. (1997) Acute Oral Toxicity Study with IN-KG433 Technical in Male and 

Female Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 11202-001: HLO-1997-00469: 

WIL-189109. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Labs., Inc. 81 p. 

44477117 Sarver, J. (1996) Acute Oral Toxicity Study with IN-JT333 in Male and Female 

Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 10578-001: 927-96: HLR 927-96. 

Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Labs., Inc. 68 p. 

44477129 MacKenzie, S. (1997) Subchronic Oral Toxicity: 90-Day Study with DPX-MP062 

(Approximately 75% DPX-KN128, 25% DPX-KN127) Feeding Study in Rats: 

Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: 10668-001: DUPONT HL-1997-00056. 
36 

Unpublished study prepared by Haskell Lab. for Toxicology and Industrial 

Medicine. 462 p. 

44477132 Malek, D. (1997) Subchronic Oral Toxicity: 90-Day Study with DPX-JW062-69 

(99.7% DPX-KN128) Feeding Study in Rats: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: 

9793-001: DUPONT HLR 301-94: 301-94. Unpublished study prepared by Haskell 

Lab. for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. 552 p. 

44477139 Munley, S. (1997) Developmental Toxicity Study of DPX-JW062-106 in Rats: 

Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: 9961-001: DUPONT HLR 558-95: 558-95. 

Unpublished study prepared by Haskell Lab. for Toxicology and Industrial 

Medicine. 206 p. 

44477201 Palmer, S.; Grimes, J.; Beavers, J. (1997) DPX-MP062 Technical (Approximately 

75% DPX-KN128, 25% DPX-KN127): An Acute Oral Toxicity Study With the 

Northern Bobwhite: Amended Report: Lab Project Number: AMR 3940-96: 112-

432: 112/042996/QLD.NC/SUB112. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International Ltd. 59 p. 

44477203 Palmer, S.; Beavers, J. (1997) IN-JT333-20: An Acute Oral Toxicity Study With the 

Northern Bobwhite: Lab Project Number: 112-431: 3890-96: 

112/031996/QLD.NC/SUB112. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International Ltd. 47 p. 

44477204 Palmer, S.; Beavers, J.; Grimes, J. (1997) DPX-MP062 Technical (Approximately 

75% DPX-KN128, 25% DPX-KN127): A Dietary LC50 Study With the Mallard: 

Amended Report: Lab Project Number: AMR 4093-96: 112-438: 

112/073096/MLCSDT.WC/SUB112. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International Ltd. 49 p. 

44477205 Frey, L.; Beavers, J.; Jaber, M. (1997) DPX-MP062 Technical (Approximately 75% 

DPX-KN128, 25% DPX-KN127): A Reproduction Study With the Northern 

Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): Amended Report: Lab Project Number: AMR 

4096-96: 112-441: 112/073096/QR.WC/SUB112. Unpublished study prepared by 

Wildlife International Ltd. 210 p. 

44477206 Frey, L.; Beavers, J.; Jaber, M. (1997) DPX-MP062 Technical (Approximately 75% 

DPX-KN128, 25% DPX-KN127): A Reproduction Study With the Mallard (Anas 

platyrhynchos): Amended Report: Lab Project Number: AMR 4095-96: 112-442: 

11018. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 206 p. 

44477209 Hoke, R. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Approximately 75% DPX-Kn128, 25% IN-KN127): 

Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: 

Revision No. 2: Lab Project Number: 911-96: 10769-001. Unpublished study 

prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 39 p. 

44477210 Hoke, R. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Approximately 75% DPX-KN128, 25% IN-KN127): 

Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus: 

Revision No. 2: Lab Project Number: 912-96: 10769-001. Unpublished study 

prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 37 p. 
37 

44477211 Hoke, R. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Approximately 75% DPX-KN128, 25% IN-KN127): 

Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: 

Revision No. 2: Lab Project Number: 866-96: 10769-001. Unpublished study 

prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 36 p. 

44477212 Brown, M. (1997) DPX-JW062-106 (Racemic Mixture of DPX-KN128 and DPXKN127): Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to Carp, Cyprinus carpio: Lab 

Project Number: 879-96: 10125. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de 

Nemours & Company. 44 p. 

44477213 Grube, P. (1997) DPX-MP062 150SC: Static-Renewal, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to 

Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Lab Project Number: HL-1997-00654: 

10721. Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 35 p. 

44477214 Kreamer, G. (1997) DPX-MP062 30WG: Static-Renewal, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to 

Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus: Lab Project Number: HL-1997-00025: 

11374. Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 36 p. 

44477215 Kreamer, G. (1997) DPX-MP062 30WG: Static-Renewal, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to 

Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Lab Project Number: HL-1997-00508: 

11374. Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 35 p. 

44477216 Hoke, R. (1997) IN-JT333-20: Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to Rainbow 

Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Lab Project Number: HL-1997-00180: 10584. 

Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 33 p. 

44477218 Hoke, R. (1997) IN-KN127 Technical: Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to 

Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Lab Project Number: HLR 990-96: 11019. 

Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 34 p. 

44477219 Hoke, R. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Approximately 75% DPX-KN128, 25% IN-KN127): 

Static, Acute, 48-Hour EC50 to Daphnia magna: Revision No. 2: Lab Project 

Number: HLR 603-96: 10769-001: Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de 

Nemours & Company. 34 p. 

44477221 Hoke, R. (1997) IN-JT333-20: Static-Renewal, Acute, 48-Hour EC50 to Daphnia 

magna: Lab Project Number: HL-1997-00006: 10584. Unpublished study prepared 

by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 33 p. 

44477222 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; Ward, T. (1997) Flow-Through Acute Toxicity of DPXMP062 to the Sheepshead Minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus: Revision No. 1: Lab 

Project Number: HLO-1997-00090: 802-DU: HA-96-064. Unpublished study 

prepared by T.R. Wilbury Labs., Inc. 58 p. 

44477223 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; Ward, T. (1997) Flow-Through Acute Toxicity of DPXMP062 to the Mysid, Mysidopsis bahia: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: 

HLO-1997-00205: 803-DU: 10769. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. Wilbury 

Labs., Inc. 57 p. 

44477224 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; Ward, T. (1997) Acute Flow-Through Mollusc Shell 

Deposition Test With DPX-MP062: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: HLO-
38 

1997-00350: 10769: 10586. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. Wilbury Labs., 

Inc. 59 p. 

44477225 Hoke, R. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Approximately 75% DPX-KN128, 25% IN-KN127): 

Chronic Toxicity to Daphnia magna: Lab Project Number: HL-1997-00912. 

Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 81 p. 

44477226 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; Ward, T. (1997) Early Life Stage Toxicity of DPX-MP062 to 

the Sheepshead Minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus: Revision No. 1: Lab Project 

Number: HLO-1997-00091: 10769: 806-DU. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. 

Wilbury Labs., Inc. 72 p. 

44477227 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; Ward, T. (1997) Chronic Toxicity of DPX-MP062 to the 

Mysid, Mysidopsis bahia: Revision No. 1: Lab Project Number: HLO 1997-00206: 

10769: 805-DU. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. Wilbury Labs., Inc. 77 p. 

44477228 Hoke, R. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Approximately 75% DPX-KN128, 25% IN-KN127): 

Early Life-Stage Toxicity to Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Revision No. 1: 

Lab Project Number: HLR-598-96: 10769-001. Unpublished study prepared by E. I. 

du Pont de Nemours & Company. 141 p. 

44477230 Sloman, T.; Leva, S. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Consisting of 75% DPX-KN128 and 

25% DPN-KN127): Influence on Growth and Reproduction of Lemna gibba G3: 

Revision #1: Lab Project Number: AMR 3602-95: MR 10616. Unpublished study 

prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. 38 p. 

44477231 Hughes, J.; Williams, T.; Conder, L. (1997) DPX-MP062-51A (Approximately 75% 

DPX-KN128, 25% DPN-KN127): Influence on Growth and Reproduction of 

Skeletonema costatum (Revision 2): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 3771-96: 

19-04-3: HA-96-064. Unpublished study prepared by Carolina Ecotox, Inc. 99 p. 

44477232 Hughes, J.; Williams, T.; Conder, L. (1997) DPX-MP062-51A (Approximately 75% 

DPX-KN128, 25% IN-KN127): Influence on Growth and Reproduction of Navicula 

pelliculosa (Revision 2): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 19-04-2: 3772-96: 

HA-96-064. Unpublished study prepared by Carolina Ecotox, Inc. 87 p. 

44477233 Hughes, J.; Williams, T.; Conder, L. (1997) DPX-MP062-51A (Approximately 75% 

DPX-KN128, 25% IN-KN127): Influence on Growth and Reproduction of 

Anabaena flos-aquae (Revision 2): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: AMR 

3770-96: 19-04-1: HA-96-064. Unpublished study prepared by Carolina Ecotox, 

Inc. 87 p. 

44477234 Palmer, S.; Beavers, J. (1994) DPX-JW062-47: An Acute Contact Toxicity Study 

With the Honey Bee: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 112-361: 277-94: 9699-

001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 17 p. 

44477235 Palmer, S.; Beavers, J. (1994) DPX-JW062-47: An Dietary LC50 Toxicity Study 

With the Honey Bee: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 112-360: 276-94: 9699-

001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 16 p. 

44477236 Palmer, S.; Beavers, J.; Priester, T. (1997) DPX-MP062-58 30 WG Formulation 
39 

Containing 30% (W/W) DPX-KN128: Honey Bee Toxicity of Residues on Alfalfa 

Foliage: Revision No. 1: Amended Report: Lab Project Number: AMR 3866-96: 

112-435. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. and McKenzie 

Labs., Inc. 98 p. 

44487901 Watari, N. (1993) Acute Toxicity Study of JW062 Technical Using Carp: Lab 

Project Number: 2706: 2232 (055-057). Unpublished study prepared by Biosafety 

Research Center. 16 p. 

44487902 Watari, N. (1993) Acute Toxicity Study of JW062 Technical Using Daphnia: Lab 

Project Number: 2707: 2233 (055-058). Unpublished study prepared by Biosafety 

Research Center. 13 p. 

44491701 Palmer, S.; Grimes, J.; Beavers, J. (1997) DPX-MP062 Technical (Approximately 

75% DPX-KN128, 25% DPX-KN127): A Dietary LC50 Study with the Northern 

Bobwhite: Amended Report: Lab Project Number: AMR 4094-96: 112-437: 

112/073096/QLCSDT.WC/SUB112. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International Ltd. 51 p. 

44491702 Sloman, T.; Leva, S. (1997) DPX-MP062 (Consisting of 75% DPX-KN128 and 

25% IN-KN127): Influence on Growth and Growth Rate of the Green Alga 

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Formerly Selenastrum capricornutum): Lab 

Project Number: AMR 4273-96: MR 11197. Unpublished study prepared by 

DuPont Stine-Haskell Research Center. 45 p. 

46005801 Samel, A. (2003) IN-MP819: Flow-Through, Acute, 48-Hour EC50 to Daphnia 

magna. Project Number: 14339, 308, DUPONT/11491. Unpublished study prepared 

by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 37 p. 

46022501 Samel, A. (2003) IN-MP819: Flow-Through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 to Rainbow 

Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Project Number: DUPONT/11492, 11492, 14339. 

Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Haskell Laboratory. 35 p. 
40 

Appendix A: Indoxacarb’s Degradation Profile 

Code Name/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID IN-KT413 CAS Name: 

sodium 7-chloro-2,5,-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2- e][l,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid Molecular Weight: 513.82 g/mol (free acid) 

Hydrolysis 4447730Hydrolysis pH 7 4579580Hydrolysis pH 9 Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4579330Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4447730

IN-MF014 CAS Name: 

methyl 2-[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] amino ]carbonyl]hydrazine carboxylate 

Hydrolysis pH 5 4579580Hydrolysis pH 7 Aqueous Photolysis 4447730Aqueous Photolysis 4579580

IN-MH304 CAS Name: 

Not Reported 

Aqueous Photolysis 4447730
41 

Code Name/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID 

Aqueous Photolysis 4579580

MW 297 CAS Name: 

Not Reported 

Proposed structure; not proven due to inability to synthesize standard

Aqueous Photolysis 4447730

IN-KB687 CAS Name: 

methyl[4(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate Molecular Weight: 235.16 g/mol 

Aqueous Photolysis 4447730Aqueous Photolysis 4579580Soil Photolysis 4447730Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4447730

IN-C0639 CAS Name: 

4-chloro-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid 

Aqueous Photolysis 4579580

IN-MA573 CAS Name: 

2-carboxy-5-chloro benzeneacetic acid 

Aqueous Photolysis 4579580

IN-JT333 CAS Name: 

methyl-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro -2-[[[4(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2e][1,3,4]oxadiazine -4a(3H)-carboxylate 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4590670Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4447730
42 

Code Name/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID 

Molecular Weight: 469.81 g/mol 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4579330Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4447730

IN-KG433 CAS Name: 

Methyl-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy-1[[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]hydrazono]-1H-indene-2-carboxylate Molecular Weight: 515.83 g/mol 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4516630

IN-JU873 CAS Name: 

1-[[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] amino] carbonyl]hydrazono]-1Hindene-2-carboxylate Molecular Weight: 457.8 g/mol 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4516630
43 

Code Name/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID IN-ML438 CAS Name: 

7-chloro-2,4-dihydro-4-[4-4 -(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-3Hindeno[2,1-e]-1,2,4-triazin-3-one Molecular Weight: 379 g/mol 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4516630

IN-MK643 CAS Name: 

l,2-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-2H-benzimidazol-2-oneMolecular Weight: 218.14 g/mol 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4516630

4447730

IN-MK638 CAS Name: 

[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)ureaMolecular Weight: 220 g/mol 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4516630

IN-ML437-OH CAS Name: 

Not Reported 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4447730
44 

Code Name/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID IN-MP819 CAS Name: 

lndenol[1 ,2-e][1 ,3,4]oxadlazine-1 (2H)-carboxylic acid, 7-chloro-3,5-dlhydno-2-[[[4-(triftuoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-, methyl ester Molecular Weight: 469.8 g/mol

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4579330

IN-MS775 CAS Name: 

7-Chloro-4a,5-dihydro-N-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]idenol[1 ,2-e][1 ,3,4]oxadiazine-2(3H)-carboxamide Molecular Weight: 411.8 g/mol

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4579330

Unknown A Unidentified Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4447730CO2 Carbon Dioxide O=C=O 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4579580Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4447730Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 4579330

Unextractable Residues 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 4590670
45 

Appendix B: SIP (v 1.0) Inputs and Results 

The purpose of this model is to provide an upper bound estimate of exposure of birds and mammals to 

pesticides through drinking water alone. This model is intended for use in problem formulation to 

determine whether or not drinking water exposure alone is a potential pathway of concern. This does not 

aggregate drinking water exposure with other exposure routes (i.e., diet, inhalation, dermal). 

 

Assumptions:

 

SIP employs the following conservative assumptions to derive upper bound exposure estimates: 

1) The chemical concentration in drinking water is at the solubility limit in water (at 25oC). 

2) The assessed animals obtain 100% of their daily water needs through drinking water. 

3) The daily water need is equivalent to the daily water flux rate as calculated by Nagy and Peterson 

(1988). 

4) The body weight of the assessed bird is equivalent to the smallest generic bird modeled in T-REX (i.e., 

20 g). This assumption results in the highest ratio of exposure to toxicity for the 3 assessed avian body 

weights of T-REX (i.e., 20, 100, 1000 g). 

5) The body weight of the assessed mammal is equivalent to the largest generic mammal modeled in TREX (i.e., 1000 g). This results in the highest ratio of exposure to toxicity for the 3 assessed mammalian 

body weights of T-REX (i.e., 15, 35, 1000 g). 

Table 1. Inputs 

Parameter Value 

Chemical name Indoxacarb 

Solubility (in water at 25oC; mg/L) 0.8 

 

Mammalian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 179 

Mammalian test species laboratory rat 

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian 

species 

 

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg-bw) 0.4 8 mg/kg-diet/20 

Mammalian test species laboratory rat 

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian 

species 

 

Avian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 98 

Avian test species northern bobwhite quail 

Body weight (g) of "other" avian species 

Mineau scaling factor 1.15 

 

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 720 

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 144 

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for other bird species 

Body weight (g) of other avian species 

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for 2nd other bird 

species 

Body weight (g) of 2nd other avian species 
46 

Table 2. Mammalian Results 

Parameter Acute Chronic 

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg-bw) 0.1376 0.1376 

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg-bw) 137.6797 0.3077 

Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0010 0.4472 

Conclusion* 

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for mammals 

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for mammals 

 

Table 3. Avian Results 

Parameter Acute Chronic 

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg-bw) 0.6480 0.6480 

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg-bw) 70.6021 15.3070 

Ratio of exposure to acute toxicity 0.0092 0.0423 

Conclusion* 

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for birds 

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for birds 

 

*Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does not combine all routes of exposure. 

Therefore, when aggregated with other routes (i.e., diet, inhalation, dermal), pesticide exposure through 

drinking water may contribute to a total exposure that has potential for effects to non-target animals. 

 
47 

Appendix C: STIR (v 1.0) Inputs and Results 

Welcome to the EFED 

Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk 

This tool is designed to provide the risk assessor with a rapid method for determining 

the potential 

significance of the inhalation exposure route to birds and mammals in a risk 

assessment. 

Input 

Application and Chemical Information 

Enter Chemical Name indoxacarb 

Enter Chemical Use 

Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) y 

If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) air 

Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 275.8 

Enter Chemical Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 1.90E-10 

Enter Application Rate (lb a.i./acre) 0.1125 

 

Toxicity Properties 

Bird 

Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 98 

Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15 

Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 0.178 

Mammal 

Enter Lowest Rat Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 179 

Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC50 (mg/L) 5.5 Non-definitive (i.e., >) 

Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4 

Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35 

Output 

Results Avian (0.020 kg ) 

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation 

(mg/m3) 2.82E-06 

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 3.54E-07 

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.68E+01 

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 2.11E-08

Exposure not Likely 

Significant 

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.08E-02 

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 

LD50 6.44E-04

Exposure not Likely 

Significant 

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 4.46E-07 

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 3.27E+02 

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.36E-09

Exposure not Likely 

Significant 

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.36E-02 

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 4.15E-05 Exposure not Likely 
48 

LD50 Significant

Welcome to the EFED 

Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk 

This tool is designed to provide the risk assessor with a rapid method for determining 

the potential 

significance of the inhalation exposure route to birds and mammals in a risk 

assessment. 

Input 

Application and Chemical Information 

Enter Chemical Name indoxacarb 

Enter Chemical Use 

Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) y 

If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) ground 

Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 275.8 

Enter Chemical Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 1.90E-10 

Enter Application Rate (lb a.i./acre) 0.1125 

 

Toxicity Properties 

Bird 

Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 98 

Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15 

Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 0.178 

Mammal 

Enter Lowest Rat Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 179 

Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC50 (mg/L) 5.5 Non-definitive (i.e., >) 

Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4 

Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35 

 

Output 

Results Avian (0.020 kg ) 

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation 

(mg/m3) 2.82E-06 

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 3.54E-07 

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.68E+01 

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 2.11E-08

Exposure not Likely 

Significant 

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.19E-02 

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 

LD50 7.08E-04

Exposure not Likely 

Significant 

 

Results Mammalian (0.015 kg ) 

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation 

(mg/m3) 2.82E-06 

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 4.46E-07 
49 

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 3.27E+02 

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.36E-09

Exposure not Likely 

Significant 

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.49E-02 

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 

LD50 4.56E-05

Exposure not Likely 

Significant