UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

 WASHINGTON D.C. 20460

 

 

 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND 

 POLLUTION PREVENTION 

PC Code: 027412

DP barcode: 370764

Date: July 20, 2010

MEMORANDUM

Subject: Tier II Drinking Water Exposure Assessment for Fluopicolide and its Major

Degradate, 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) for Use on Potatoes,

Carrots, Sugar Beets and Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables

To: Tony Kish, Risk Manager

Janet Whitehurst, Risk Manager Reviewer

Registration Division (7505P)

From: Robert A. Miller, Environmental Protection Specialist

Environmental Risk Branch I

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Approved Brian Anderson, Acting Branch Chief

By Environmental Risk Branch I

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Summary

A Tier II screening-level drinking water assessment was conducted for the proposed new use of 

fluopicolide on potatoes, carrots, sugar beets and brassica (cole) vegetables. Because 2,6-

dichlorobenzamide (BAM) is potentially a major toxic degradation product in aerobic soil 

metabolism, aquatic photolysis and soil photolysis studies, it was also included in the exposure 

assessment for drinking water.
Fluopicolide belongs to the benzamide pyridine chemical class. Fluopicolide controls oomycete 

pathogens on contact, and is mesosystemic meaning that it translocates toward the stem tips, but 

not toward the roots. Fluopicolide is formulated as a suspension concentrate, V-10161 4 SC,

containing 39.5% fluopicolide. It also is formulated as a suspension concentrate premix, V10162 Premix, containing 5.54% fluopicolide and 55.4% propamocarb hydrochloride.

This drinking water assessment only addresses the active ingredient, fluopicolide and its 

degradate BAM. It does not address the other active ingredient found in V-10162 premix, which 

contains 55.4% propamocarb hydrochloride. The additive or synergistic qualities of fluopicolide 

and propamocarb hydrochloride are not addressed.

Surface water concentrations were estimated using the Tier II model PRZM version 3.12/ 

EXAMS version 2.98. Ground water concentrations were estimated using the Tier I SCI-GROW 

model. This assessment addresses the Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) of the 

parent fluopicolide and its major degradate 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in drinking water.

The recommended estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) for fluopicolide are 

provided below.

25.50 μg/L for the 1 in 10 year annual peak concentration (acute) 

24.14 μg/L for the 1 in 10 year annual mean concentration (non-cancer chronic) and 

22.36 μg/L for the 30 year annual mean concentration (cancer chronic) 

Based on PRZM/EXAMS modeling results, the recommended EDWCs for BAM are

4.13 μg /L for the 1 in 10 year annual peak concentration (acute) 

3.43 μg /L for the 1 in 10 year annual mean concentration (non-cancer chronic) and 

2.10 μg /L for the 30 year annual mean concentration (cancer chronic) 

The SCI-GROW model estimated acute and chronic ground water drinking water concentrations 

for fluopicolide and BAM are not expected to exceed 0.5 μg/L and 2.96 μg/L respectively. 

Monitoring Data

Fluopicolide and BAM are not included as analytes monitored in U.S. surface and groundwater 

under the USGS’s National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. 

Samples from European water supply wells detected the major degradate BAM. BAM in 

European groundwater, however, originated from use of dichlobenil. BAM is the main pesticide 

residue in Danish groundwater, with 19.7% of the abstraction wells analyzed in 2003 having 

detectable BAM concentrations and 8.1% of the wells containing BAM concentrations exceeding 

the EC threshold limit (0.1 μg liter−1) (Sorensen, et al. 2007). 

Surface Water Assessment

The proposed new uses of fluopicolide are for application to potatoes, sugar beets, carrots and 

brassica vegetables. The exposure concentrations for drinking water exposure assessments were 
estimated based on EFED’s aquatic Tier II model PRZM/EXAMS. A graphical user interface 

(pe5v01.pl), (http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/pe4_instructions_public.htm) 

developed by the EPA, was used to facilitate inputting chemical and use specific parameters into 

the appropriate PRZM input files and EXAMS chemical files. This approach employs PRZM, 

which simulates runoff and erosion from an agricultural field on a daily time step. The runoff 

and erosion flux output data from PRZM are used as chemical loadings to EXAMS, which 

simulates surface water in order to predict the Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations 

(EDWCs). EDWCs for drinking water exposure assessment were determined using an Index 

Reservoir (IR) scenario which describes a generic scenario for the EXAMS component of the 

modeling exercise.

Chemical Application Methods (CAMs) 2 and 1 were used in PRZM/EXAMS modeling to 

calculate surface water ECCs for fluopicolide and BAM, respectively. CAM 2 was employed to 

model the foliar application of fluopicolide. CAM 1 was used to simulate the dissipation and 

degradation of BAM on the soil after foliar application of the parent through linearly decreasing 

distribution in the soil to a depth of 4 cm. 

Potatoes, carrots, brassica vegetables and sugar beets are proposed to be added to the currently

approved root and tuber sub groups on the V-10161 4 SC and fluopicolide technical labels.

Potatoes are proposed to be added to the V-10162 Premix label. The proposed aerial and ground 

spray application rates for potatoes, carrots and , brassica vegetables on the V-10161 4 SC and 

fluopicolide technical labels are 3 applications of 0.125 lbs ai/A at 7 day intervals. The proposed 

aerial and ground spray application rates on the V-10162 Premix label for potatoes are 4 

applications of 0.09 lbs ai/A at 10 day intervals. Proposed new target crops, application dates, 

modeled crop scenarios, maximum application rates and minimum application intervals are 

displayed in Table 1.

Table 1. Target Crops, Crop Scenario, Initial Application Date, Application 

Rates and Minimum Application Interval for Proposed Fluopicolide Uses

Crop Crop Scenario/

Application Date

(day-month)

Maximum 

Application

Rate

(lbs a.i./acre)

Maximum 

Number of

Applications

Minimum

Interval

(days)

Fluopicolide Technical and V-10161 4 SC Labels

Brassica 

Vegetables

CA Lettuce 0.125 3 7

FL Cabbage

Carrots FL Carrots (15-11) 0.125 3 7

Potatoes ID Potatoes (01-08)

0.125 3 7 ME Potatoes (01-08)

Sugar beets MN Sug. Beet (01-07) 0.125 3 7

V-10162 Premix Label

Potatoes ID Potatoes (01-08)

0.09 4 10 ME Potatoes (01-08)

PRZM/EXAMS Modeling of Fluopicolide
The appropriate PRZM and EXAMS input parameters for fluopicolide are selected from 

reviewed environmental fate data submitted by the registrant (Table 2). PRZM/EXAMS input 

parameters used in this assessment are in accordance with EFED water model PRZM/EXAMS 

input parameter guidance (U.S. EPA 2009). The input parameters employed are similar to those 

used in the 2007 fluopicolide drinking water assessment for the parent (March 7, 2007, DP 

barcode 325804). 

Table 2. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters for Proposed Fluopicolide Uses 

Parameter Input Value and Unit Comment Source

Method of application Aerial and ground Label

CAM 2, foliar applied

Hydrolysis (t1/2) 0 Stable MRID 46708420

Spray drift and application 

efficiency

Aerial: 0.16

Ground: 0.064

Efficiency – aerial: 0.95,

Ground 0.99

Guidance 

Aerobic soil metabolism (t1/2) 454.5 days Upper 90th percentile of 

acceptable aerobic soil 

half-lives (390, 392, 457 

days)

MRID 46708427

MRID 46708428

Aerobic aquatic metabolism (t1/2) 146.4 days Upper 90th percentile of 

half-lives (135, 124 days)

MRID 46708429

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism 

(t1/2)

2162 days Upper 90th percentile of 

half-lives (1553, 967 

days)

MRID 46708429

Aquatic photolysis (t1/2) 170 days MRID 46708422

Vapor pressure 2.28×10-9 Torr Product Chemistry 

Solubility in water 

(pH 7, 20 °C)

3.02 ppm

Henry’s Law constant (20 °C) 4.11×10-10 atm/mol.m3

Molecular weight 383.59

Partition coefficient Koc 340 mL/g Average Koc (373, 356, 

349, 341 and 283) 

PRZM/EXAMS Modeling of BAM

BAM was modeled in PRZM/EXAMS because it is of concern to HED due its potential toxicity

to mammals. BAM is a major degradate of both fluopicolide and dichlobenil. Because guideline 

fate studies for BAM were not available, literature data from (027412 DP D325803+) were used 

in surface and groundwater modeling. The application rate of BAM was determined based on the 

maximum detected amount of 40.2% in the aerobic soil metabolism study of fluopicolide (MRID 

46708428) and then multiplied by the percentage difference in molecular weight (MW) between 

BAM (190.3) and fluopicolide (383.59). The corresponding maximum application rates and 

application intervals of BAM for the target crops are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Target Crops, Crop Scenario, Application Rates and Minimum 

Application Interval for BAM
Crop Crop Scenario/

Application Date

(day-month)

Max. 

Application

Rate

(lbs a.i./acre)

Maximum 

Number of

Applications

Minimum

Interval 

(days)

Fluopicolide Technical and V-10161 4 SC Labels

Brassica 

Vegetables

CA Lettuce

0.025 3 7

FL Cabbage

Carrots FL Carrots (15-11) 0.025 3 7

Potatoes ID Potatoes (01-08)

0.025 3 7 ME Potatoes (01-08)

Sugar beets MN Sug. Beet (01-07) 0.025 3 7

V-10162 Premix Label

Potatoes ID Potatoes (01-08) 0.022

4 10 ME Potatoes (01-08)

1 = V-10161 4 SC label - 0.125 ai lb/A (application rate) x 0.402 (Maximum detected in fate study) x 

(190.3/383.59 [Molecular Weight Ratio] )

2

v_10162 Premix label - 0.1 ai lb./A (application rate) x 0.402 (Maximum detected in fate study) x 

(190.3/383.59 [Molecular Weight Ratio])

The input parameters used for BAM (Table 4) are similar to those used in the 2007 fluopicolide 

drinking water assessment for the major degradate (May 3, 2007, DP Barcode: 325804)

BAM was the major transformation product in the aerobic soil metabolism study (MRID 

46708428) detected at a maximum 40.2% of the applied at the end of the 369 day study. 

Since the maximum amount of BAM is detected at the end of experiment (369 days) and the 

potential for continuing formation of BAM can not be discounted; therefore, it is assumed that 

BAM is stable in the aerobic soil environment. 

Table 4. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters for BAM

Parameter Input Value and Unit Comment Source

Method of application Ground

CAM 1 BAM is a 

metabolite, so 

assume directly 

applied to soil

Hydrolysis (t1/2) 0 Stable HSDB, 2002

Spray drift and application 

efficiency

0 drift (assume soil 

applications)

Efficiency – 1.0

Aerobic soil metabolism (t1/2) Stable Assumed stable MRID 46708428

Aerobic aquatic metabolism (t1/2) Stable Assumed stable PRZM/EXAM 

Guidence (2 x 

aerobic soil 

metabolism t1/2)

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism 

(t1/2)

0 Assume stable

Aquatic photolysis (t1/2) 0 Assume stable

Partition coefficient Koc 30 mL/g HSDB, 2002
Table 4. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters for BAM

Parameter Input Value and Unit Comment Source

Plant Decay Rate

PLDKRT

1.98×10-2(days-1) Foliar pesticide decay rate 

constant assuming default 

half-life of 35 days

Vapor pressure 3.26 ×10-9 mmHg

Product Chemistry

Solubility in water 

(pH 7, 20 °C)

2700 ppm

Henry’s Law constant (20 °C) 1.22×10-9atm/mol.m3

Molecular weight 190.03

Surface Water Modeling Results

Since fluopicolide can be used on various crops, the final drinking water estimates were adjusted 

with a default value of 0.87 as Percent Cropped Area (PCA) factor. The estimated drinking water 

concentration (EDWC) values are summarized in Table 5. EDWCs generated by the scenarios 

are expected to be generally representative of concentrations that would result from field 

application of fluopicolide on potato, sugar beet and carrot crops. Example PRZM/EXAMS

output files for the crop scenarios are provided in the Appendix A. 

Table 5. PRZM/EXAMS Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations, EDWCs 

(μg/L) for Fluopicolide and BAM on Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Carrots and Brassica 

Vegetables after Adjustment for Default PCA of 0.87

Crop Scenario/

Application Method

Annual Peak

(acute) 

Annual Mean

(non-cancer 

chronic)

30 Year Annual 

Mean

(cancer chronic)

Fluopico

-lide*

BAM** Fluopico

-lide* BAM** Fluopicolide* BAM**

Fluopicolide Technical and V-10161 4 SC Labels

CA Lettuce

Aerial Spray 17.08 16.61 16.13

Ground Spray 15.62 15.20 14.59

Ground Application12.34 2.28 2.23

FL Cabbage

Aerial Spray 14.88 14.15 11.16

Ground Spray 13.85 13.16 10.21

Ground Application11.65 1.48 0.91

ME Potato

Aerial Spray 22.80 -- 22.65 -- 22.36 --

Ground Spray 22.17 -- 21.82 -- 21.12 --

Ground Application1-- 1.51 -- 1.44 -- 1.37

ID Potato
Ground Water Assessment

For fluopicolide, the SCI-GROW estimated ground water drinking water concentrations are not 

expected to exceed 0.5 μg/L, which was based on 3 applications of 0.125 lb ai/ac per application.

For BAM, the SCI-GROW estimated ground water drinking water concentrations are not 

expected to exceed 2.47 μg/L, which was based on 3 applications of 0.25 lb ai/ac per application.

The SCI-GROW outputs are presented in Appendix B.

Data Gaps and Uncertainty

Aerial Spray 12.46 -- 12.23 -- 11.75 --

Ground Spray 10.40 -- 10.22 -- 9.81 --

Ground Application1-- 1.60 -- 1.57 -- 1.51

MN Sugar Beets

Aerial Spray 15.02 -- 14.36 -- 13.44 --

Ground Spray 14.64 -- 14.12 -- 13.81 --

Ground Application1-- 2.44 -- 2.38 -- 2.28

Florida Carrots

Aerial Spray 25.50 -- 24.14 -- 20.79 --

Ground Spray 25.00 -- 23.66 -- 20.43 --

Ground Application1-- 4.13 -- 3.43 -- 2.10

V-10162 Premix Label

Potatoes

ME Potato

Aerial Spray 16.00 -- 15.81 -- 15.52 --

Ground Spray 14.91 -- 14.75 -- 14.46 --

Ground Application1-- 1.57 -- 156 -- 1.55

ID Potato

Aerial Spray 11.55 -- 11.34 -- 10.91 --

Ground Spray 9.62 -- 9.43 -- 9.06 --

Ground Application1-- 1.51 -- 1.49 -- 1.42

* CAM 2 used in PRZM/EXAMS.

** CAM 1 used in PRZM/EXAMS.

1

Since fluopicolide degrades to BAM after foliar application, CAM 2 is used to represent ground 

application. 
 This drinking water assessment only addresses the active ingredient, fluopicolide in the 

V-10162 Premix formulation. It does not address the other active ingredient found in V10162 premix, which contains 55.4% propamocarb hydrochloride. The additive or 

synergistic qualities of fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride are not addressed.

 Due to the lack of environmental fate data for 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) EFED 

assumed that BAM is stable to the aqueous photolysis, aerobic aquatic metabolism, 

anaerobic aquatic metabolism and aerobic soil metabolism in PRZM/EXAMS modeling. 

In SCIGROW modeling aerobic soil metabolism is assumed to be stable. 

 The Koc of 30 was referenced in a Danish report (Cohr, 2002), which indicates a “mobile” 

class (FAO classification scheme). However, based on the chemical structure of BAM, 

PCKOCWIN of the EPI Suite(http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/exposure/pubs/episuite

htm) predicts a Koc of 141, which indicates a “moderately mobile” class. The lower value 

of 30 was used in this risk assessment to provide more conservative estimates.

References

Karl-Heinz Cohr and Flemming A. Simonsen. 2004. Evaluation of Health Hazards

by Exposure to BAM (2,6-Dichlorobenzamide) and Risk Characterisation of Drinking

Water Exposure. Danish Toxicology Centre. Environmental Project Nr. 943 2004

Brusch, W. 2004. Pesticider og nedbrydningsprodukter, p. 33-40. In L. F. Jorgensen (ed.), 

Groundwater monitoring 2003. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 

Copenhagen, Denmark.

HSDB, 2002 [Hazardous Substances Data Bank]. National Library of Medicine. Last update: 6-

8-2002. Access date: 05-25-2010. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB.
Appendix A – Example PRZM/EXAMS (PE5) Output Files

Fluopicolide, Label-10161 4 SC

Florida Carrots – Aerial Spray

stored as FlFLCa.out

Chemical: Fluopicolide

PRZM environment: FLcarrotSTD.txt modified Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 13:45:36

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w12844.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:22

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

1961 2.522 2.487 2.363 1.53 1.02 0.2515

1962 4.995 4.951 4.511 4.16 3.888 2.792

1963 14.12 9.131 6.484 4.767 4.68 3.713

1964 21.97 21.71 20.82 15.1 12.79 9.813

1965 19.12 18.95 18.27 17.02 16.14 10.38

1966 15.79 15.65 15.43 14.74 14.22 9.399

1967 9.338 9.268 8.955 8.545 8.377 6.056

1968 6.936 6.889 6.682 6.298 5.984 4.513

1969 11.42 11.31 10.91 10.4 10.36 7.591

1970 15.1 14.97 14.57 13.98 13.43 8.849

1971 7.353 7.276 6.96 6.361 5.974 5.063

1972 6.629 6.563 6.302 6.043 5.868 4.093

1973 5.497 5.447 5.309 5.204 5.071 3.589

1974 11.78 11.63 11.23 10.28 9.668 6.569

1975 9.776 9.676 9.278 8.502 8.014 5.36

1976 10.48 10.37 10.11 9.279 8.706 5.925

1977 18.18 17.98 17.53 12.09 9.12 6.765

1978 16.8 16.65 16.09 15.06 14.32 9.448

1979 13.22 13.15 12.75 11.9 11.32 7.796

1980 13.11 12.99 12.57 12.07 11.49 8.113

1981 12.09 9.235 8.938 8.487 8.423 5.939

1982 12.57 12.44 11.99 11.29 11.2 7.926

1983 13.24 13.12 12.79 11.89 11.43 7.777

1984 46.96 46.39 44.45 29.38 20.82 10.49

1985 37.53 37.2 35.9 33.24 31.74 21.16
1986 29.55 29.2 27.94 22.4 21.39 15.35

1987 27.23 26.99 26.03 24.07 22.74 14.59

1988 11.15 11.08 10.84 10.45 10.14 6.907

1989 7.344 7.278 5.566 5.186 5.127 4.135

1990 7.053 6.976 6.767 6.313 6.233 4.321

Sorted results

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

0.032258064516129 46.96 46.39 44.45 33.24 31.74 21.16

0.0645161290322581 37.53 37.2 35.9 29.38 22.74 15.35

0.0967741935483871 29.55 29.2 27.94 24.07 21.39 14.59

0.129032258064516 27.23 26.99 26.03 22.4 20.82 10.49

0.161290322580645 21.97 21.71 20.82 17.02 16.14 10.38

0.193548387096774 19.12 18.95 18.27 15.1 14.32 9.813

0.225806451612903 18.18 17.98 17.53 15.06 14.22 9.448

0.258064516129032 16.8 16.65 16.09 14.74 13.43 9.399

0.290322580645161 15.79 15.65 15.43 13.98 12.79 8.849

0.32258064516129 15.1 14.97 14.57 12.09 11.49 8.113

0.354838709677419 14.12 13.15 12.79 12.07 11.43 7.926

0.387096774193548 13.24 13.12 12.75 11.9 11.32 7.796

0.419354838709677 13.22 12.99 12.57 11.89 11.2 7.777

0.451612903225806 13.11 12.44 11.99 11.29 10.36 7.591

0.483870967741936 12.57 11.63 11.23 10.45 10.14 6.907

0.516129032258065 12.09 11.31 10.91 10.4 9.668 6.765

0.548387096774194 11.78 11.08 10.84 10.28 9.12 6.569

0.580645161290323 11.42 10.37 10.11 9.279 8.706 6.056

0.612903225806452 11.15 9.676 9.278 8.545 8.423 5.939

0.645161290322581 10.48 9.268 8.955 8.502 8.377 5.925

0.67741935483871 9.776 9.235 8.938 8.487 8.014 5.36

0.709677419354839 9.338 9.131 6.96 6.361 6.233 5.063

0.741935483870968 7.353 7.278 6.767 6.313 5.984 4.513

0.774193548387097 7.344 7.276 6.682 6.298 5.974 4.321

0.806451612903226 7.053 6.976 6.484 6.043 5.868 4.135

0.838709677419355 6.936 6.889 6.302 5.204 5.127 4.093

0.870967741935484 6.629 6.563 5.566 5.186 5.071 3.713

0.903225806451613 5.497 5.447 5.309 4.767 4.68 3.589

0.935483870967742 4.995 4.951 4.511 4.16 3.888 2.792

0.967741935483871 2.522 2.487 2.363 1.53 1.02 0.2515

0.1 29.318 28.979 27.749 23.903 21.333 14.18

Average of yearly averages: 7.48911666666667

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: FlFLCa

Metfile: w12844.dvf

PRZM scenario: FLcarrotSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file: ir298.exv

Chemical Name: Fluopicolide

Description Variable Name Value Units Comments

Molecular weight mwt 383.59 g/mol

Henry's Law Const. henry 4.11e-10 atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure vapr 2.28e-9 torr

Solubility sol 3.02 mg/L

Kd Kd mg/L

Koc Koc 340 mg/L
Photolysis half-life kdp 170 days Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 146.4 days Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 2162 days Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 454.5 days Halfife

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm

Application Rate: TAPP 0.14 kg/ha

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction

Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date Date 15-11 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1 apprate 0.14 kg/ha

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2 apprate 0.14 kg/ha

Record 17: FILTRA

IPSCND 2

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT

PLDKRT 0.0198

FEXTRC 0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total(average of 

entire run)

Fluopicolide, V-10162 Premix Label

ME Potatoes – Ground Spray

stored as FlMEPoG.out

Chemical: Fluopicolide

PRZM environment: MEpotatoSTD.txt modified Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 13:56:18

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14607.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:52

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

1961 6.049 6.006 5.833 5.442 5.212 3.546

1962 6.838 6.818 6.784 6.613 6.439 5.594

1963 12.55 12.49 12.27 11.72 11.26 8.609

1964 13.8 13.76 13.56 13.22 12.84 10.72

1965 10.81 10.78 10.68 10.41 10.3 9.184

1966 10.03 9.999 9.882 9.719 9.583 8.212

1967 10.76 10.73 10.63 10.54 10.34 8.638

1968 18.51 18.43 18.27 17.76 17.29 13.81

1969 17.25 17.2 17.03 16.52 16.03 13.41

1970 16.73 16.68 16.55 16.2 15.87 13.52

1971 18.44 18.37 18.11 17.42 16.87 13.84

1972 16.88 16.81 16.67 16.32 16.05 13.66

1973 20.33 20.26 20.08 19.7 19.38 15.79

1974 20.11 20.04 19.93 19.44 18.98 15.77

1975 19.05 18.99 18.72 18.15 17.62 14.85

1976 23.8 23.7 23.36 22.73 22.08 17.59

1977 24.15 24.07 23.79 23.31 22.76 18.64

1978 23.22 23.16 22.77 21.98 21.34 18.58
1979 24.17 24.09 23.9 23.43 23.03 18.79

1980 19.37 19.31 19.2 18.72 18.28 15.73

1981 23.47 23.39 23.15 22.67 22.54 18.6

1982 23.36 23.29 22.92 22.05 21.31 17.83

1983 23.32 23.25 23.12 22.97 22.69 19.1

1984 22.73 22.66 22.44 21.8 21.27 17.94

1985 20.9 20.84 20.61 19.98 19.37 16.47

1986 26.55 26.46 26.12 25.31 24.66 20.9

1987 25.48 25.41 25.07 24.29 23.67 19.63

1988 25.48 25.42 25.08 24.23 23.56 19.53

1989 25.54 25.45 25.09 24.64 23.95 19.61

1990 22.54 22.48 22.31 21.88 21.44 18.46

Sorted results

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

0.032258064516129 26.55 26.46 26.12 25.31 24.66 20.9

0.0645161290322581 25.54 25.45 25.09 24.64 23.95 19.63

0.0967741935483871 25.48 25.42 25.08 24.29 23.67 19.61

0.129032258064516 25.48 25.41 25.07 24.23 23.56 19.53

0.161290322580645 24.17 24.09 23.9 23.43 23.03 19.1

0.193548387096774 24.15 24.07 23.79 23.31 22.76 18.79

0.225806451612903 23.8 23.7 23.36 22.97 22.69 18.64

0.258064516129032 23.47 23.39 23.15 22.73 22.54 18.6

0.290322580645161 23.36 23.29 23.12 22.67 22.08 18.58

0.32258064516129 23.32 23.25 22.92 22.05 21.44 18.46

0.354838709677419 23.22 23.16 22.77 21.98 21.34 17.94

0.387096774193548 22.73 22.66 22.44 21.88 21.31 17.83

0.419354838709677 22.54 22.48 22.31 21.8 21.27 17.59

0.451612903225806 20.9 20.84 20.61 19.98 19.38 16.47

0.483870967741936 20.33 20.26 20.08 19.7 19.37 15.79

0.516129032258065 20.11 20.04 19.93 19.44 18.98 15.77

0.548387096774194 19.37 19.31 19.2 18.72 18.28 15.73

0.580645161290323 19.05 18.99 18.72 18.15 17.62 14.85

0.612903225806452 18.51 18.43 18.27 17.76 17.29 13.84

0.645161290322581 18.44 18.37 18.11 17.42 16.87 13.81

0.67741935483871 17.25 17.2 17.03 16.52 16.05 13.66

0.709677419354839 16.88 16.81 16.67 16.32 16.03 13.52

0.741935483870968 16.73 16.68 16.55 16.2 15.87 13.41

0.774193548387097 13.8 13.76 13.56 13.22 12.84 10.72

0.806451612903226 12.55 12.49 12.27 11.72 11.26 9.184

0.838709677419355 10.81 10.78 10.68 10.54 10.34 8.638

0.870967741935484 10.76 10.73 10.63 10.41 10.3 8.609

0.903225806451613 10.03 9.999 9.882 9.719 9.583 8.212

0.935483870967742 6.838 6.818 6.784 6.613 6.439 5.594

0.967741935483871 6.049 6.006 5.833 5.442 5.212 3.546

0.1 25.48 25.419 25.079 24.284 23.659 19.602

Average of yearly averages: 14.8851

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: FlMEPoG

Metfile: w14607.dvf

PRZM scenario: MEpotatoSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file: ir298.exv

Chemical Name: Fluopicolide
Description Variable Name Value Units Comments

Molecular weight mwt 383.59 g/mol

Henry's Law Const. henry 4.11e-10 atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure vapr 2.28e-9 torr

Solubility sol 3.02 mg/L

Kd Kd mg/L

Koc Koc 340 mg/L

Photolysis half-life kdp 170 days Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 146.4 days Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 2162 days Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 454.5 days Halfife

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm

Application Rate: TAPP 0.14 kg/ha

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction

Spray Drift DRFT 0.064 fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date Date 08-01 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1 apprate 0.14 kg/ha

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2 apprate 0.14 kg/ha

Record 17: FILTRA

IPSCND 2

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT

PLDKRT 0.0198

FEXTRC 0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total(average of 

entire run)

BAM, V-10161 4 SC

FL Carrots – Ground Application

stored as BAMFLCa.out

Chemical: BAM

PRZM environment: FLcarrotSTD.txt modified Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 13:45:36

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w12844.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:22

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

1961 0.0961 0.09258 0.07941 0.03853 0.02569 0.006334

1962 0.7555 0.7278 0.2673 0.09372 0.06261 0.0236

1963 1.134 1.092 0.7143 0.3918 0.3162 0.1382

1964 5.083 4.927 4.339 2.51 1.676 0.5524

1965 2.605 2.511 2.157 1.574 1.271 0.4151

1966 0.6324 0.6094 0.5438 0.3998 0.323 0.1346

1967 0.2018 0.1944 0.1668 0.1162 0.0944 0.04614

1968 0.4884 0.4705 0.4036 0.2005 0.1339 0.04606

1969 1.394 1.348 1.231 0.6628 0.4433 0.198

1970 0.8653 0.834 0.7179 0.5249 0.424 0.131

1971 0.05101 0.04914 0.03785 0.02546 0.02059 0.01043
1972 0.04626 0.04457 0.03565 0.02599 0.02098 0.009201

1973 0.2198 0.2117 0.1816 0.1148 0.07662 0.02463

1974 0.7942 0.7736 0.637 0.3866 0.258 0.08173

1975 0.5778 0.5567 0.4781 0.3484 0.2812 0.1005

1976 0.3578 0.3474 0.3007 0.129 0.0864 0.04617

1977 1.553 1.503 1.362 0.836 0.5579 0.1704

1978 0.8388 0.8084 0.6946 0.5067 0.4093 0.1593

1979 0.5498 0.5297 0.4545 0.2824 0.2279 0.1027

1980 0.6431 0.6242 0.537 0.3478 0.2327 0.1099

1981 0.4563 0.33 0.2836 0.207 0.1673 0.0543

1982 1.219 1.174 1.007 0.6266 0.4187 0.1694

1983 0.5156 0.4975 0.4284 0.3129 0.2529 0.09122

1984 10.36 10.09 8.708 4.952 3.301 0.8324

1985 4.992 4.811 4.134 3.016 2.437 0.7553

1986 1.867 1.799 1.661 1.036 0.6912 0.1791

1987 1.148 1.107 0.9507 0.6933 0.5599 0.2414

1988 0.4663 0.4506 0.3879 0.2831 0.2288 0.07198

1989 0.1437 0.1384 0.06286 0.02493 0.02015 0.00986

1990 0.1213 0.1169 0.1005 0.07317 0.059 0.02066

Sorted results

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

0.032258064516129 10.36 10.09 8.708 4.952 3.301 0.8324

0.0645161290322581 5.083 4.927 4.339 3.016 2.437 0.7553

0.0967741935483871 4.992 4.811 4.134 2.51 1.676 0.5524

0.129032258064516 2.605 2.511 2.157 1.574 1.271 0.4151

0.161290322580645 1.867 1.799 1.661 1.036 0.6912 0.2414

0.193548387096774 1.553 1.503 1.362 0.836 0.5599 0.198

0.225806451612903 1.394 1.348 1.231 0.6933 0.5579 0.1791

0.258064516129032 1.219 1.174 1.007 0.6628 0.4433 0.1704

0.290322580645161 1.148 1.107 0.9507 0.6266 0.424 0.1694

0.32258064516129 1.134 1.092 0.7179 0.5249 0.4187 0.1593

0.354838709677419 0.8653 0.834 0.7143 0.5067 0.4093

0.1382

0.387096774193548 0.8388 0.8084 0.6946 0.3998 0.323

0.1346

0.419354838709677 0.7942 0.7736 0.637 0.3918 0.3162 0.131

0.451612903225806 0.7555 0.7278 0.5438 0.3866 0.2812

0.1099

0.483870967741936 0.6431 0.6242 0.537 0.3484 0.258 0.1027

0.516129032258065 0.6324 0.6094 0.4781 0.3478 0.2529

0.1005

0.548387096774194 0.5778 0.5567 0.4545 0.3129 0.2327

0.09122

0.580645161290323 0.5498 0.5297 0.4284 0.2831 0.2288

0.08173

0.612903225806452 0.5156 0.4975 0.4036 0.2824 0.2279

0.07198

0.645161290322581 0.4884 0.4705 0.3879 0.207 0.1673

0.0543

0.67741935483871 0.4663 0.4506 0.3007 0.2005 0.1339

0.04617

0.709677419354839 0.4563 0.3474 0.2836 0.129 0.0944

0.04614

0.741935483870968 0.3578 0.33 0.2673 0.1162 0.0864

0.04606
0.774193548387097 0.2198 0.2117 0.1816 0.1148 0.07662

0.02463

0.806451612903226 0.2018 0.1944 0.1668 0.09372 0.06261

0.0236

0.838709677419355 0.1437 0.1384 0.1005 0.07317 0.059

0.02066

0.870967741935484 0.1213 0.1169 0.07941 0.03853 0.02569

0.01043

0.903225806451613 0.0961 0.09258 0.06286 0.02599 0.02098

0.00986

0.935483870967742 0.05101 0.04914 0.03785 0.02546 0.02059

0.009201

0.967741935483871 0.04626 0.04457 0.03565 0.02493 0.02015

0.006334

0.1 4.7533 4.581 3.9363 2.4164 1.6355 0.53867

Average of yearly averages: 0.1644005

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: BAMFLCa

Metfile: w12844.dvf

PRZM scenario: FLcarrotSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file: ir298.exv

Chemical Name: BAM

Description Variable Name Value Units Comments

Molecular weight mwt 190.03 g/mol

Henry's Law Const. henry 1.22e-9 atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure vapr 3.26e-5 torr

Solubility sol 2700 mg/L

Kd Kd mg/L

Koc Koc 30 mg/L

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 0 days Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 0 days Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 0 days Halfife

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life

Method: CAM 1 integer See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 4 cm

Application Rate: TAPP 0.028 kg/ha

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction

Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date Date 15-11 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1 apprate 0.028 kg/ha

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2 apprate 0.028 kg/ha

Record 17: FILTRA

IPSCND 2

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT

PLDKRT

FEXTRC 0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total(average of 

entire run)
BAM, V-10162 Premix Label

ID Potatoes – Ground Application

stored as MEBAMDW.out

Chemical: BAM

PRZM environment: MEpotatoSTD.txt modified Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 13:56:18

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w24156.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:52

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

1961 0.8674 0.8661 0.8614 0.8521 0.8041 0.2243

1962 0.8692 0.8683 0.8646 0.831 0.8163 0.7957

1963 0.9419 0.941 0.9369 0.9279 0.9213 0.8743

1964 0.839 0.8382 0.8353 0.8297 0.8244 0.7814

1965 0.8147 0.8139 0.8106 0.8031 0.7975 0.7512

1966 0.7054 0.7047 0.7028 0.6968 0.6922 0.6515

1967 0.5997 0.5992 0.5969 0.5919 0.588 0.5658

1968 0.8861 0.885 0.8806 0.8711 0.8641 0.6578

1969 0.9168 0.9158 0.9117 0.8882 0.8332 0.7896

1970 0.8913 0.8904 0.8867 0.8824 0.8771 0.8263

1971 0.9517 0.9507 0.9469 0.9389 0.9324 0.7911

1972 1.014 1.013 1.009 0.9987 0.9942 0.9118

1973 1.446 1.444 1.437 1.426 1.421 1.077

1974 1.383 1.381 1.375 1.363 1.353 1.3

1975 1.676 1.674 1.667 1.651 1.539 1.322

1976 2.171 2.168 2.158 2.134 2.117 1.669

1977 2.067 2.065 2.056 2.037 2.022 1.902

1978 1.769 1.767 1.761 1.746 1.734 1.642

1979 1.587 1.586 1.581 1.568 1.559 1.471

1980 1.51 1.508 1.502 1.487 1.459 1.368

1981 1.453 1.452 1.446 1.433 1.423 1.353

1982 1.628 1.626 1.619 1.606 1.596 1.342

1983 1.814 1.812 1.804 1.787 1.775 1.561

1984 1.734 1.732 1.726 1.71 1.698 1.596

1985 1.469 1.467 1.462 1.449 1.44 1.375

1986 1.318 1.318 1.313 1.305 1.3 1.232

1987 1.144 1.143 1.138 1.13 1.122 1.061

1988 1.234 1.233 1.227 1.141 1.064 0.9967

1989 1.216 1.214 1.209 1.198 1.19 1.121

1990 1.053 1.052 1.048 1.039 1.037 0.9842

Sorted results

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

0.032258064516129 2.171 2.168 2.158 2.134 2.117 1.902

0.0645161290322581 2.067 2.065 2.056 2.037 2.022 1.669

0.0967741935483871 1.814 1.812 1.804 1.787 1.775 1.642

0.129032258064516 1.769 1.767 1.761 1.746 1.734 1.596

0.161290322580645 1.734 1.732 1.726 1.71 1.698 1.561

0.193548387096774 1.676 1.674 1.667 1.651 1.596 1.471

0.225806451612903 1.628 1.626 1.619 1.606 1.559 1.375

0.258064516129032 1.587 1.586 1.581 1.568 1.539 1.368

0.290322580645161 1.51 1.508 1.502 1.487 1.459 1.353
0.32258064516129 1.469 1.467 1.462 1.449 1.44 1.342

0.354838709677419 1.453 1.452 1.446 1.433 1.423 1.322

0.387096774193548 1.446 1.444 1.437 1.426 1.421 1.3

0.419354838709677 1.383 1.381 1.375 1.363 1.353 1.232

0.451612903225806 1.318 1.318 1.313 1.305 1.3 1.121

0.483870967741936 1.234 1.233 1.227 1.198 1.19 1.077

0.516129032258065 1.216 1.214 1.209 1.141 1.122 1.061

0.548387096774194 1.144 1.143 1.138 1.13 1.064 0.9967

0.580645161290323 1.053 1.052 1.048 1.039 1.037 0.9842

0.612903225806452 1.014 1.013 1.009 0.9987 0.9942 0.9118

0.645161290322581 0.9517 0.9507 0.9469 0.9389 0.9324

0.8743

0.67741935483871 0.9419 0.941 0.9369 0.9279 0.9213

0.8263

0.709677419354839 0.9168 0.9158 0.9117 0.8882 0.8771

0.7957

0.741935483870968 0.8913 0.8904 0.8867 0.8824 0.8641

0.7911

0.774193548387097 0.8861 0.885 0.8806 0.8711 0.8332

0.7896

0.806451612903226 0.8692 0.8683 0.8646 0.8521 0.8244

0.7814

0.838709677419355 0.8674 0.8661 0.8614 0.831 0.8163

0.7512

0.870967741935484 0.839 0.8382 0.8353 0.8297 0.8041

0.6578

0.903225806451613 0.8147 0.8139 0.8106 0.8031 0.7975

0.6515

0.935483870967742 0.7054 0.7047 0.7028 0.6968 0.6922

0.5658

0.967741935483871 0.5997 0.5992 0.5969 0.5919 0.588

0.2243

0.1 1.8095 1.8075 1.7997 1.7829 1.7709 1.6374

Average of yearly averages: 1.09979

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: MEBAMDW

Metfile: w24156.dvf

PRZM scenario: MEpotatoSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file: ir298.exv

Chemical Name: BAM

Description Variable Name Value Units Comments

Molecular weight mwt 190.03 g/mol

Henry's Law Const. henry 1.22e-9 atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure vapr 3.26e-5 torr

Solubility sol 2700 mg/L

Kd Kd mg/L

Koc Koc 30 mg/L

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 0 days Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 0 days Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 0 days Halfife

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life

Method: CAM 1 integer See PRZM manual
Incorporation Depth: DEPI 4 cm

Application Rate: TAPP 0.02 kg/ha

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction

Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date Date 01-08 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1 interval 10 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1 apprate 0.02 kg/ha

Interval 2 interval 10 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2 apprate 0.02 kg/ha

Interval 3 interval 10 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 3 apprate 0.02 kg/ha

Record 17: FILTRA

IPSCND 2

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT

PLDKRT

FEXTRC 0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total(average of 

entire run)

Appendix B – SCI-GROW outputs

Fluopicolide applications on carrots, sugar beets, brassica vegetables and potatoes 

 SCIGROW

 VERSION 2.3

 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS DIVISION

 OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS

 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

 SCREENING MODEL

 FOR AQUATIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE

Fluopicolide – V-10162 4 SC Label

SciGrow version 2.3

chemical:Fluopicolide

time is 5/10/2010 11: 0:47

------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Application Number of Total Use Koc Soil Aerobic

 rate (lb/acre) applications (lb/acre/yr) (ml/g) metabolism (days)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

 0.125 3.0 0.375 3.40E+02 454.5

------------------------------------------------------------------------

groundwater screening cond (ppb) = 5.00E-01 

************************************************************************

BAM – V-10162 Premix Label

 SCIGROW

 VERSION 2.3

 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS DIVISION

 OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS

 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 SCREENING MODEL

 FOR AQUATIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE

SciGrow version 2.3

chemical:Premix Label - BAM

time is 5/26/2010 12:30:29

------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Application Number of Total Use Koc Soil Aerobic

 rate (lb/acre) applications (lb/acre/yr) (ml/g) metabolism (days)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

 0.025 3.0 0.075 3.00E+01 9999.01

------------------------------------------------------------------------

groundwater screening cond (ppb) = 2.47E+01 

************************************************************************

1 9,999 days was inputted into SCIGROW Soil as the soil metabolism half-life 

into parameter to represent the stability of BAM in aerobic soils