MEMORANDUM

To: Debbie Ottinger, EPA

Cc: Don Wuebbles, University of Illinois

From: Mollie Averyt, Rebecca Ferenchiak, Deborah Harris, and Mark Flugge, ICF

Date: November 15, 2013

Re: Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP (EPA 

Contract Number EP-BPA-12-H-0022, EP-B13H-00006/Task Order 007: Support for 

Implementing and Refining Mandatory GHG Reporting Requirements for Various Emitters of

Fluorinated GHGs, Task 3: Support for Evaluation of GWPs)

Introduction

This memorandum presents a summary of an ICF analysis to develop default Global Warming 

Potentials (GWPs) for fluorinated compounds without documented GWPs. Through the Greenhouse 

Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), EPA receives reports of emissions of several compounds that do not 

have GWPs listed on Table A-1, the GHGRP’s compendium of GWPs. Default GWPs would ensure that 

the atmospheric impacts of these and other target compounds are appropriately reflected in facilities’ 

calculations and reports under the GHGRP.

This analysis develops default GWPs for different model groups of compounds. These defaults could 

be assigned to target compounds based on which model group of compounds the target compounds

align with. 

The purpose of the analysis is to:

1. Consider which sets of compounds should be used as the basis for default GWPs for the 

different groups of fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs do not appear on Table A-1,

2. Calculate the average and the average plus one standard deviation of the GWPs for these 

groups, and

3. Suggest possible default GWPs by rounding the average for each group to one or two 

significant figures.

The remainder of this memorandum is organized into the following sections:

 Analysis Method

 Results of the Analysis

 Comparison between Defaults and GWPs Estimated by 3M for Several F-GHGs

 Evaluation of Analysis Method by Dr. Wuebbles and Recommendations

 Appendix A: F-GHGs by Model Group

Please contact Mark Flugge at (202) 862-1231 (Mark.Flugge@icfi.com) with any questions or 

comments.
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 2 of 25

Analysis Method

In establishing the default GWPs for the compound groups, EPA’s goal is to model the GWPs of 

compounds that belong to each group (but whose GWPs are not on Table A-1) with as much accuracy 

and precision as possible. EPA applied the following criteria to assess potential compound groups: (1) 

collectively, the compound groups should span the full range of atmospheric behavior (atmospheric 

lifetimes and GWPs) observed among fluorinated GHGs, (2) within each compound group, the 

compounds should be chemically similar and exhibit similar atmospheric behavior, and (3) compounds 

whose atmospheric behavior is likely to be different from that of any of the compounds whose GWPs 

are being modeled should be excluded from the calculation. However, numerical outliers are included 

in the calculation when the possibility exists that such outliers may also occur among the fluorinated 

GHGs whose GWPs are being modeled.1

In order to establish different compound groups and evaluate potential default GWP(s) for each group, 

ICF reviewed the chemical structure, GWPs, and atmospheric lifetimes of the fluorinated GHGs with 

peer-reviewed GWPs. The F-GHGs with peer-reviewed GWPs include the compounds on Table A-1 as 

well as those found in the article, “Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of 

Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review,”2 (hereinafter referred to as the 

“Comprehensive Review”). As indicated by its name, the Comprehensive Review consolidates and

updates the GWPs found in the peer-reviewed literature for numerous halogenated compounds. 

Ninety-six F-GHGs from the Comprehensive Review that are not included in the current Table A-1 are

included in this analysis. For compounds that are included in the current Table A-1, ICF used the GWPs

from Table A-1 as they were proposed to be updated in the “2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas 

Reporting Rule and Proposed Confidentiality Determinations for New or Substantially Revised Data 

Elements” (78 FR 19802; April 2, 2013). For compounds that are included only in the Comprehensive 

Review, ICF used the GWP from the Comprehensive Review in the analysis, with the following 

exceptions. Several compounds within the Comprehensive Review were listed with a GWP of “0,” 

“<1,” or “<2.”3 In order to increase the accuracy of the default GWP analysis, precise GWPs were 

calculated and used in this analysis for these compounds using the atmospheric lifetime and the 

corrected radiative efficiency provided in the Comprehensive Review.

These compounds were grouped into four main model groups: (1) fully fluorinated fluorocarbons 

(including fully fluorinated straight chain and cyclic alkanes, fully fluorinated ethers, 

perfluoropolyethers, and SF5CF3) as well as NF3 and SF6; (2) saturated HFCs and saturated HFEs and 

HCFEs; (3) unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, unsaturated HFEs, and fluorinated ketones;

and (4) other fluorinated GHGs. Within these four main model groups, there are also a few chlorinecontaining compounds that are not regulated as ozone-depleting substances under 40 CFR Part 82, 

and are therefore included in the definition of “fluorinated GHG.” These compounds have been 

grouped with chemically similar compounds that do not contain chlorine.

The four model groups were also further evaluated with and without chemical and numerical outliers

and by atmospheric lifetime (e.g., lifetimes greater than or less than 20 years for saturated HFCs and 

 

1 For the purposes of this analysis, a compound is identified as a numerical outlier if the value of the compound’s 

GWP is greater than the default GWP plus two standard deviations for the compound’s model group.

2 Hodnebrog, Ø., M. Etminan, J. S. Fuglestvedt, G. Marston, G. Myhre, C. J. Nielsen, K. P. Shine, and T. J. 

Wallington, “Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A 

Comprehensive Review,” Reviews of Geophysics, Accepted manuscript online: 24 APR 2013. 3 These compounds are identified in Appendix A.
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 3 of 25

saturated HFEs), resulting in 20 different average subgroup GWPs. The average and standard deviation 

of the GWPs of the compounds within each model group were calculated. The suggested GWP for 

each model group is equal to the average GWP of the F-GHGs within that model group, rounded to 

either one or two significant figures.

4

Results of the Analysis

The average GWP, rounded average GWP, standard deviation, and average GWP plus one standard 

deviation for each of the 20 model groups are presented in Table 1. The complete list of compounds 

within each model group can be found in Appendix A.

Table 1: Model Group GWPs

Model Group Average 

GWP

Rounded 

Average 

GWP

Standard 

Deviation

(St. Dev.)

Average

GWP + 1 

St. Dev.

1 Fully Fluorinated GHGs excluding F-GHGs 

not containing Carbon 9,857 10,000 3,450 13,306

1+1a Fully Fluorinated GHGs including F-GHGs not 

containing Carbon 11,050 11,000 4,769 15,819

1−o Fully Fluorinated GHGs excluding F-GHGs 

not containing Carbon and Outliers 8,678 9,000 1,608 10,285

2 Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs 1,747 1,700 2,807 4,554

2a Saturated HFCs 2,187 2,200 3,346 5,534

2a−o Saturated HFCs excluding Outliers 1,344 1,300 1,409 2,753

2b Saturated HFEs and HCFEs 1,559 1,600 2,551 4,110

2b−o Saturated HFEs and HCFEs excluding 

Outliers 1,235 1,200 1,727 2,962

2c Saturated HFCs with lifetime >20 years 5,678 5,700 4,373 10,051

2d Saturated HFCs with lifetime <20 years 636 640 557 1,193

 

4 The number of significant figures to which the average GWPs were rounded depended on the relative and 

absolute errors associated with that number of significant figures. In general, GWPs were rounded to two 

significant figures when the average GWP was greater than 100, reflecting uncertainties in the average of a few 

percent. One exception was the rounded average GWP for Fully Fluorinated GHGs excluding F-GHGs not 

containing Carbon (Group 1), which was rounded to one significant figure (10,000) rather than two (9,900) 

because the uncertainty associated with the second figure (i.e., ±100) is only about one percent of the average 

GWP for the group. Rounding the Group 1 average to the nearest 100 (9,900) would understate the uncertainty 

associated with the default and result in a less robust default that would be more sensitive to small changes in 

the set of GWPs used to calculate the default. The average GWP for Group 1-o was also rounded to one 

significant figure for the same reasons. GWPs of less than one were rounded to one decimal place because, for 

the affected gases, the absolute error in CO2e emissions that is associated with this rounding is expected to be 

small. 
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 4 of 25

Model Group Average 

GWP

Rounded 

Average 

GWP

Standard 

Deviation

(St. Dev.)

Average

GWP + 1 

St. Dev.

2e Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with lifetime >20 

years

6,217 6,200 3,259 9,476

2f Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with lifetime <20 

years

646 650 840 1,485

2g Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs with 

lifetime >20 years 5,977 6,000 3,685 9,662

2h Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs with 

lifetime <20 years 643 640 774 1,418

3 Unsaturated PFCs, HFCs, and HFEs and 

Fluorinated Ketones 0.42 0.4 0.62 1.04

3a Unsaturated PFCs 0.66 0.7 0.96 1.62

3b Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs 0.38 0.4 0.50 0.88

3c Unsaturated HFEs 0.11 0.1 - 0.11

3d Fluorinated Ketones 0.11 0.1 - 0.11

4 Other Fluorinated GHGs 103 100 183 285

The rounded average model group GWPs range between 0.1 and 11,000. The exclusion of the two fully 

fluorinated GHGs that do not contain carbon (i.e., SF6 and NF3) in Model Group 1 decreases the 

average model group GWP by about 1,200 compared to Model Group 1+1a. The average GWPs for the 

saturated HFCs and HFEs with lifetimes greater than 20 years are more than nine times larger than 

average GWPs for the saturated HFCs and HFEs with lifetimes less than 20 years. The average GWP for 

the unsaturated HFEs and fluorinated ketones (Model Groups 3c and 3d, respectively) within Model 

Group 3 have the smallest average model group GWP compared to the other 18 average model group 

GWPs.

Figures 1 through 8 show the GWPs of all the compounds within the four model groups. In each figure, 

the compounds are sorted first by subgroup (i.e., structural similarities) and then further by 

atmospheric lifetime and with or without chemical or numerical outliers, as applicable. The GWPs that 

are patterned represent numerical outliers within the model groups (i.e., the proposed GWP for the FGHG is greater than the default GWP plus two standard deviations for the compound’s model group). 

For very long-lived gases, relatively high 100-year GWPs are generally a consequence of the

compound’s radiative efficiency (or more precisely, the ratio between the compound’s radiative 

efficiency and its molecular weight). This in turn is influenced by the compound’s inclusion of bonds 

other than C-F bonds (e.g., S-F or N-F bonds in SF6, SF5CF3, and NF3) or by a cyclic structure (as for cC3F6). SF6 and NF3 (Model Group 1a) are considered chemical outliers because the definition of 

“fluorinated GHG” does not include compounds whose radiatively important bonds consist exclusively 

of S-F or N-F bonds. However, SF5CF3 is included in Model Group 1 because the definition of 

“fluorinated GHG” does include fluorocarbons, which may include S-F and N-F bonds in addition to C-F 

bonds. Cyclic fluorinated GHGs are also included in Model Group 1 for the same reason. Within the 
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 5 of 25

other compound groups, relatively high-GWP compounds are those that are relatively long-lived, such 

as HFC-23 among the saturated HFCs and HFE-125 and HFE-134 among the saturated HFEs, while 

relatively low-GWP compounds are those that are short-lived, such as HFC-152a among the saturated 

HFCs.

The horizontal lines across the figures represent the suggested (i.e., rounded) model subgroup default 

GWPs. The suggested GWP for Model Group 1+1a, is greater than the GWPs of all but five of the 

compounds within the model group (i.e., C2F6, NF3, perfluorocyclobutane, SF5CF3, and SF6). Two of 

those five compounds (i.e., NF3 and SF6) are considered to be chemical outliers, because they do not 

include the C-F bonds that are the primary source of radiative forcing in the target compounds.

5 The 

suggested model group GWP for Model Group 1+1a, therefore, is the most inclusive of GWPs within 

the model groups, but is not necessarily representative of the target compounds. The suggested 

subgroup GWP for Model Group 2g (Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs with lifetime >20 years) is higher 

than the GWPs of the majority of compounds within Model Group 2, as saturated compounds with 

longer lifetimes tend to have higher GWPs. 

Figure 1: Fully Fluorinated GHGs (Model Group 1+1a, including 1 and 1−o) and Average GWPs

Note: Patterned compounds indicate identified numerical outliers. Compounds 16 (SF6) and 17 (NF3) are also 

chemical outliers.

 

5 The target compounds consist of “fluorinated GHGs” as defined in part 98. Other than NF3 and SF6, all 

“fluorinated GHGs” are fluorocarbons, including both carbon and fluorine. Some may also contain other 

elements.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

GWP

Model Group 1+1a GWPs

1 Avg: Fully Fluorinated GHGs excluding F-GHGs not containing Carbon

1+1a Avg: Fully Fluorinated GHGs including F-GHGs not containing Carbon

1-o Avg: Fully Fluorinated GHGs excluding F-GHGs not containing Carbon and Outliers
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 6 of 25

Figure 2: Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs (Model Group 2, including 2g and 2h) and Average GWPs

Note: Compounds 1–18 are Model Group 2g; Compounds 19–87 are Model Group 2h.

Figure 3: Saturated HFCs (Model Group 2a, including 2a-o, 2c, and 2d) and Average GWPs

Note: Patterned compounds indicate identified numerical outliers; Compounds 1–20 are Model Group 2d; 

Compounds 21–26 are Model Group 2c.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85

GWP

Model Group 2 GWPs 2 Avg: Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs

2g Avg: Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs with lifetime > 20 years 2h: Avg Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs with lifetime < 20 years

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

GWP

Model Group 2a GWPs 2a Avg: Saturated HFCs

2c Avg: Saturated HFCs with lifetime > 20 years 2d Avg: Saturated HFCs with lifetime < 20 years

2a-o Avg: Saturated HFCs excluding Outliers
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 7 of 25

Figure 4: Saturated HFCs with Lifetimes >20 years (Model Group 2c) and Average GWPs

Figure 5: Saturated HFCs with Lifetime < 20 years (Model Group 2d) and Average GWPs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

GWP

Model Grooup 2c 2c Avg: Saturated HFCs with lifetime > 20 years

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

GWP

Model Group 2d 2d Avg: Saturated HFCs with lifetime < 20 years
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 8 of 25

Figure 6: Saturated HFEs and HCFEs (Model Group 2b, including 2b−o, 2e, and 2f) and Average GWPs

Note: Patterned compounds indicate identified numerical outliers; Compounds 1–51 are Model Group 2f; 

Compounds 52–61 are Model Group 2e.

Figure 7: Unsaturated PFCs, HFCs, and HFEs and Fluorinated Ketones (Model Group 3, including 3a, 

3b, 3c, and 3d) and Average GWPs

Note: Compounds 1–6 are Model Group 3a; Compounds 7–21 are Model Group 3b; Compounds 22–23 are 

Model Group 3c; Compound 23 is Model Group 3d.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61

GWP

Model Group 2b GWPs 2b Avg: Saturated HFEs and HCFEs

2b-o Avg: Saturated HFEs and HCFEs excluding Outliers 2e Avg: Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with lifetime > 20 years

2f: Avg Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with lifetime < 20 years

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

GWP

Model Group 3 GWPs 3 Avg: Unsaturated PFCs, HFCs, and HFEs and Fluorinated Ketones

3a Avg: Unsaturated PFCs 3b Avg: Unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs

3c Avg: Unsaturated HFEs 3d Avg: Fluorinated Ketones
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 9 of 25

Figure 8: Other Fluorinated GHGs (Model Group 4) and Average GWPs

Figure 9 is a semi log graph that illustrates the number of chemicals in each chemical group whose 

GWPs fall within different orders of magnitude. The left-most column represents the number of 

compound with GWPs between 0.001 and 0.01; the second bar represents compounds with GWPs 

between 0.01 and 0.1; etc. The majority of the saturated HFCs and HFEs and HCFES with lifetimes 

greater than 20 years (Model Groups 2c and 2e) have GWPs between 1,000 and 10,000 and the 

majority of the saturated HFCs and HFEs and HCFEs with lifetimes less than 20 years (Model Groups 2d 

and 2f) have GWPs between 100 and 1,000. The majority of the unsaturated PFCs, HFCs, HFEs, and 

fluorinated ketones (Model Groups 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, respectively) have GWPs less than 10, and most 

of the other fluorinated GHGs (Model Group 4) have GWPs less than 100.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

GWP

Model Group 4 GWPs 4 Avg: Other Fluorinated GHGs
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 10 of 25

Figure 9: Histogram of Model Compound GWPs

Note: Compounds that are included in more than one Model Group were only counted once. For example,

Model Group 2 (Saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs) is not explicitly shown in Figure 9, but contains all chemicals in 

Model Groups 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, and 2h.

Comparison between Defaults and GWPs Estimated by 3M for Several 

F-GHGs

ICF tested the accuracy of default GWPs based on chemical groups by comparing the default GWPs to 

the GWPs of F-GHGs with documented GWPs provided by 3M. The first six compounds provided by 

3M are fully fluorinated GHGs and would be assigned to Group 1: Fully Fluorinated GHGs excluding FGHGs not containing Carbon. The compounds within the 3M group have an average GWP of 9,452. 

This average GWP is similar to the suggested default GWP for Group 1, which is equal to 10,000. The 

remaining two compounds provided by 3M, HFE-7300 and HFE-7500, have an average GWP of 205. 

Both HFE-7300 and HFE-7500 have atmospheric lifetimes of 3.8 and 2.2 years, respectively, and could 

be assigned to Group 2f: Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with lifetime <20 years, which has a suggested 

default GWP of 650. The compounds could also be assigned to Group 2b, saturated HFEs and HCFEs of 

all lifetimes, which has a suggested default GWP of 1,600. The larger difference between the 

estimated GWPs and the default GWP for Group 2b is not surprising; as shown in Table 1, the

variability (standard deviation) of the GWPs in Group 2b is considerably larger than that of the GWPs 

in Group 2f.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0.001 to 0.01 0.01 to 0.1 0.1 to 1 1 to 10 10 to 100 100 to 1,000 1,000 to

10,000

10,000 and

above

GWP

1: Fully Fluorinated GHGs and SF5CF3

1a: Fully Fluorinated GHGs without Carbon

2c: Saturated HFCs with lifetime > 20 years

2d: Saturated HFCs with lifetime < 20 years

2e: Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with lifetime > 20 years

2f: Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with lifetime < 20 years

3a: Unsaturated PFCs

3b: Unsaturated HFCs

3c: Unsaturated HFEs

3d: Fluorinated Ketones

4: Other Fluorinated GHGs
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 11 of 25

Table 2: 3M Company Fluorinated GHGs GWPs and Default GWP Comparison

Chemical Designation or Common Name Chemical 

Formula

3M Submitted

GWP

Default 

GWP

Perfluorotripropyl amine (PTPA) C9F21N 8,690 10,000

Perfluorotributyl amine (PTBA) C12F27N 9,020 10,000

Perfluorotriamyl amine (PTAA) C15F33N 8,900 10,000

Perfluoromethyl morpholine (PMM) C5F11NO 9,500 10,000

Perfluoroisopropyl morpholine (PIPM) C7F15NO 11,000 10,000

2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluorooxonane C8F16O 9,600 10,000

1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-

trifluoromethyl-pentane (HFE-7300) 310 650

3-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-2-

trifluoromethyl-hexane (HFE-7500) 100 650

Evaluation of Analysis Method by Dr. Wuebbles and Recommendations

Dr. Don Wuebbles evaluated the overall approach of assigning a default GWP to target compounds 

from certain compound groups based on the average GWP of similar “model” groups of compounds, 

and noted that although there are significant uncertainties associated with this approach due to the 

range of GWPs observed within each group of model compounds, this may be the most viable option 

for EPA based on the available information and time constraints. Dr. Wuebbles recommends 

developing a technique for assigning default GWPs based on modeling, or by developing a default 

estimate based on the relative amounts of fluorine, chlorine, and hydrogen in each compound. Both 

techniques would require additional research, and the technique based on modeling would be a major 

research effort. Dr. Wuebbles also suggested considering compounds with double carbon bonds 

(which should all have short lifetimes) as a potential model group. Given this suggestion, Model Group 

3 contains separate sub-groups for unsaturated PFCs, HFCs and HCFCs, and HFEs.

ICF arranged and attended a conference call with EPA and Dr. Don Wuebbles on May 9, 2013 to 

discuss the results of the default GWP analysis, and to determine the most appropriate default GWP to 

assign to the target compounds. During conference call Dr. Wuebbles communicated that a less than 

one-year and greater than one-year threshold is perhaps more suitable compared to a 20-year 

threshold when differentiating between compounds within a particular model group—i.e., compounds 

with a lifetime greater than one year should be considered long lived regardless of their corresponding 

GWP. This was accomplished by creating and evaluating a model group that exclusively consists of 

short-lived compounds (i.e., Model Group 3, which contains unsaturated PFCs, HFCs and HCFCs, and 

HFEs). In addition, saturated HFCs, HFEs, and HCFEs (Model Group 2) continue to be evaluated on a 

less than or greater than 20 year lifetime basis.

Dr. Wuebbles also noted that the IPPC process for developing Assessment Reports (e.g., the Fourth 

Assessment Report or AR4) is not designed to be the sole arbiter of “official” GWP values, and other 
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 12 of 25

sources of published (i.e., peer-reviewed) literature (e.g., WMO, 2010) should be considered when 

establishing default GWP estimates.6 In addition, as a result of this discussion, numerical outliers are 

not excluded when calculating the suggested (i.e., average) model group GWP, since the GWPs for 

unknown target compounds might equally be outliers themselves. That said, the results of excluding 

outliers for selected model groups are illustrated in the Results of the Analysis section above.

 

6 Note, however, that EPA is not aware of any peer-reviewed GWPs other than those included in the 

Comprehensive Review.
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 13 of 25

Appendix A: F-GHGs by Model Group

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFPMIE (HT-70) perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether 69991-67-9 CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF3 10,300 AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC–14 Perfluoromethane 75–73–0 CF4 7,390^ AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC–9–1–18 Perfluorodecalin 306–94–5 C10F18 7,500 AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC–218 Perfluoropropane 76–19–7 C3F8 8,830^ AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC–3–1–10 Perfluorobutane 355–25–9 C4F10 8,860^ AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC–4–1–12 Perfluoropentane 678–26–2 C5F12 9,160^ AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC–5–1–14 (FC-72) Tetradecafluorohexane 355–42–0 C6F14 9,300^ AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC-6-1-12 Hexadecafluoroheptane 335-57-9 C7F16, CF3(CF2)5CF3 7,820 CR

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC-7-1-18 Octadecafluorooctane 307-34-6 C8F18, CF3(CF2)6CF3 7,620 CR

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC-318 Perfluorocyclobutane 115–25–3 c-C4F8 10,300^ AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs PFC–116 Perfluoroethane 76–16–4 C2F6 12,200^ AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs Perfluorocyclopropane 931–91–9 c-C3F6 17,340 AR4/Table A-1

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs Perfluorodecalin (cis) 60433-11-6 cis-C10F18 7,240 CR

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs Perfluorodecalin (trans) 60433-12-7 trans-C10F18 6,290 CR

1 Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs

Trifluoromethyl sulphur 

pentafluoride 373–80–8 SF5CF3 17,700 AR4/Table A-1

1a Fully Fluorinated SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride 2551–62–4 SF6 22,800^ AR4/Table A-1
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 14 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

GHGs - No Carbon

1a Fully Fluorinated 

GHGs - No Carbon NF3 Nitrogen trifluoride 7783–54–2 NF3 17,200 AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–161 353–36–6 CH3CH2F 12 AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–152 624–72–6 CH2FCH2F 53 AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC-263fb 1,1,1-Trifluoropropane 421-07-8 CH3CH2CF3 76 CR

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–152a 75–37–6 CH3CHF2 124^ AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–41 593–53–3 CH3F 92^ AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC-272ca 2,2-Difluoropropane 420-45-1 CH3CF2CH3 144 CR

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC-245eb 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane 431-31-2 CH2FCHFCF3 290 CR

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC-245ea 1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane 24270-66-4 CHF2CHFCHF2 235 CR

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–143 430–66–0 C2H3F3 353^ AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–32 75–10–5 CH2F2 675^ AR4/Table A-1

2d Saturated HFCs HFC–245ca 679–86–7 C3H3F5 693^ AR4/Table A-1
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 15 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

with lifetime < 20 

years

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–245fa 460–73–1 CHF2CH2CF3 1,030 AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–365mfc 406–58–6 CH3CF2CH2CF3 794 AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–134 359–35–3 CHF2CHF2 1,100^ AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–236ea 431–63–0 CHF2CHFCF3 1,370 AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–236cb 677–56–5 CH2FCF2CF3 1,340 AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–134a 811–97–2 CH2FCF3 1,430^ AR4/Table A-1

2d

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFC–43–10mee 138495–42–8 CF3CFHCFHCF2CF3 1,640^ AR4/Table A-1

2c

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFC-227ca 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-

Heptafluoropropane 2252-84-8 CF3CF2CHF2 2,640 CR

2c

Saturated HFCs

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFC-329p 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-

Nonafluorobutane 375-17-7 CHF2CF2CF2CF3 2,360 CR

2c

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFC–125 354–33–6 CHF2CF3 3,500^ AR4/Table A-1

2c Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime > 20 HFC–227ea 431–89–0 C3HF7 3,220^ AR4/Table A-1
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 16 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

years

2c

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFC-245cb 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane 1814-88-6 CF3CF2CH3 4,620 CR

2c

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFC–143a 420–46–2 C2H3F3 4,470^ AR4/Table A-1

2c

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFC–236fa 690–39–1 C3H2F6 9,810^ AR4/Table A-1

2c

Saturated HFCs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFC–23 75–46–7 CHF3 14,800^ AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–263fb2 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-

methoxyethane 460-43-5 CF3CH2OCH3 11 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–356mmz1 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-

methoxypropane 13171-18-1 C4H4F6O 27 Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–365mcf3 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-3-

methoxypropane 378-16-5 CF3CF2CH2OCH3 11 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–356pcc3 1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexafluoro-1-

methoxypropane 160620-20-2 CH3OCF2CF2CHF2 110 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

R-E-143a; HFE263m11,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-

(trifluoromethoxy)ethane 690-22-2 CF3OCH2CH3 29 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE-365mcf2 1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,2-

pentafluoroethane 22052-81-9 CF3CF2OCH2CH3 58 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE-569sf2, (HFE7200) Isomer blend1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-

nonafluorobutane 163702-05-4 C4F9OC2H5 59 AR4/Table A-1
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 17 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–356mec3 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoro-3-

methoxypropane 382-34-3 CH3OCF2CHFCF3 101 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–356pcf2 1-(2,2-Difluoroethoxy)-

1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane 50807-77-7 CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2 265 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HG'-01 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2-

dimethoxyethane 73287-23-7 CH3OCF2CF2OCH3 222 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HG'-02

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-

methoxy-2-(1,1,2,2-

tetrafluoro-2-

methoxyethoxy)ethane

485399-46-0 CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3 236 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HG'-03

3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10-

Dodecafluoro-2,5,8,11-

tetraoxadodecane

485399-48-2 CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3 221 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–245fa1 1,1-Difluoro-2-

(trifluoromethoxy)ethane 84011-15-4 CHF2CH2OCF3 286 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs

with lifetime < 20 

years

Sevoflurane (HFE347mmz1)

2-(Difluoromethoxy)-

1,1,1,3,3,3-

hexafluoropropane

28523-86-6 (CF3)2CHOCHF2 216 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–245cb2 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-2-

methoxy-ethane 22410-44-2 CF3CF2OCH3 708 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–254cb1 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-

methoxyethane 425-88-7 CH3OCF2CHF2 359 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

Isoflurane (HCFE–

235da2)

(2-chloro-2-

(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-

trifluoro-ethane)

26675-46-7 C3H2ClF5O 350+ AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–338mcf2 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-2-(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)ethane 156053-88-2 CF3CH2OCF2CF3 552 AR4/Table A-1
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 18 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–347mcf2 1-(2,2-Difluoroethoxy)-

1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethan 171182-95-9 CHF2CH2OCF2CF3 374 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–356pcf3 35042–99–0 CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2 502 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–236fa 20193–67–3 CF3CH2OCF3 487 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–347mmy1 22052–84–2 CH3OCF(CF3)2 343 Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE-449sl, (HFE7100) Isomer blend 163702–07–6 C4F9OCH3 297 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE-356mff2 BIS(2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL) 

ETHER 333-36-8 CF3CH2OCH2CF3 17 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–143a 421–14–7 CH3OCF3 756 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–245fa2 2-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-

trifluoroethane 1885-48-9 CHF2OCH2CF3 659 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–374pc2 512–51–6 CH3CH2OCF2CHF2 557 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–347mcc3 375-03-1 CH3OCF2CF2CF3 575 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

Desflurane (HFE–

236ea2)

2-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-

tetrafluoroethane 57041-67-5 CHF2OCHFCF3 989 AR4/Table A-1

2f Saturated HFEs HFE–338pcc13 (HG– 188690–78–0 CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF2 1,500 AR4/Table A-1
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 19 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

with lifetime < 20 

years

01)

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–43–10pccc (H–

Galden 1040x) E1730133 CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2 1,870 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–329mcc2

1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-2-

(1,1,2,2-

tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane

134769-21-4 CHF2CF2OCF2CF3 919 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–347pcf2 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)ethane 406-78-0 CHF2CF2OCH2CF3 580 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–227ea 2356–62–9 CF3CHFOCF3 1,540 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–236ca12 (HG–

10)

Bis(difluoromethoxy)difluoro

methane 78522-47-1 CHF2OCF2OCHF2 2,800 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-

methoxy-propane; Methyl 

2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl 

ether

60598-17-6 CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 0.49* CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HG-02

1-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2-

(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-

tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-

tetrafluoroethane

205367-61-9 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H 2,730 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HG-03

1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,1

2,12-Hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-

tetraoxadodecane

173350-37-3 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3-OCF2H 2,850 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HG-21

1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,8,8,10,10-

Dodecafluoro-2,4,6,9-

tetraoxadecane

249932-26-1 HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2OCF2H 3,890 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-

heptafluoropropane 22052-86-4 CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3 61 CR
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 20 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-

(fluoromethoxy)ethane 37031-31-5 CH2FOCF2CF2H 871 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-

(trifluoromethoxy)-ethane 84011-06-3 CHF2CHFOCF3 1,240 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-

hexafluoropropane 380-34-7 CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3 23 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

Fluoro(methoxy)methane 460-22-0 CH3OCH2F 13 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

Difluoro(methoxy)methane 359-15-9 CH3OCHF2 144 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

Fluoro(fluoromethoxy)methan

e

462-51-1 CH2FOCH2F 130 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)meth

ane

461-63-2 CH2FOCHF2 617 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

Trifluoro(fluoromethoxy)meth

ane

2261-01-0 CH2FOCF3 751 CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HCFE-235ca2 

(enflurane)

2-Chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-

1,1,2-trifluoroethane 13838-16-9 CHF2OCF2CHFCl 583+ CR

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

HFE–338mmz1

2-(Difluoromethoxy)-

1,1,1,3,3,3-

hexafluoropropane

26103-08-2 (CF3)2CHOCHF2 380 AR4/Table A-1

2f

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime < 20 

years

2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-

pentafluorotetrahydro-2,5-

bis[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-

(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-furan

920979-28-8 C12H5F19O2 56 CR
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 21 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFE-236ca 1-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-

tetrafluoroethane 32778-11-3 CHF2OCF2CHF2 4,240 CR

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFE–134 1691–17–4 CHF2OCHF2 6,320 AR4/Table A-1

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFE-329me3 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoro-3-

(trifluoromethoxy)propane 428454-68-6 CF3CFHCF2OCF3 4,550 CR

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HFE–125 3822–68–2 CHF2OCF3 14,900 AR4/Table A-1

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HG-20

(Difluoromethoxy)((difluorom

ethoxy)difluoromethoxy)diflu

oromethane

249932-25-0 HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H 5,300 CR

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

HG-30 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-Decafluoro2,4,6,8-tetraoxanonane

188690-77-9 HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H 7,330 CR

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-

(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-

propane

3330-15-2 CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3 6,490 CR

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

1,1'-Oxybis[2-

(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-

tetrafluoroethane

205367-61-9 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)2CF2H 4,920 CR

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,1

2,12-hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-

Tetraoxadodecane

173350-37-3 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)3CF2H 4,490 CR

2e

Saturated HFEs 

with lifetime > 20 

years

1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,1

2,12,13,13,15,15-

eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14-

Pentaoxapentadecane

173350-38-4 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H 3,630 CR

3a Unsaturated PFC PFC C-1418 Perfluorocyclopentene; 

Octafluorocyclopentene 559-40-0 c-C5F8 1.97* CR

3a Unsaturated PFC Dyneon HFP (3M) hexafluoropropylene (HFP); 116-15-4 C3F6 , CF3CF=CF2 0.05* CR
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 22 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

PFC-1216; Perfluoropropene

3a Unsaturated PFC TFE tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); 

PFC-1114; Perfluoroethene 116-14-3 CF2=CF2, C2F4; 0.004* CR

3a Unsaturated PFC Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene 685-63-2 CF2=CFCF=CF2 0.003* CR

3a Unsaturated PFC Perfluorobut-1-ene 357-26-6 CF3CF2CF=CF2 0.10* CR

3a Unsaturated PFC Perfluorobut-2-ene 360-89-4 CF3CF=CFCF3 1.82* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC HFC-1234ze(Z) (Z)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-

ene

29118-25-0 C3H2F4

trans-CF3CH=CHF 0.29* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC HFC-1234ze(E) (E)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-

ene

1645-83-6 C3H2F4

cis-CF3CH=CHF 0.97* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC TFP

trifluoro propene (TFP); HFC1243zf; 3,3,3-Trifluoroprop-1-

ene

677-21-4 C3H3F3 , CF3CH=CH2 0.12* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC VF vinyl fluoride (VF); HFC-1141 75-02-5 C2H3F, CH2=CHF 0.02* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC VF2 vinylidiene fluoride (VF2); 

HFC-1132a 75-38-7 C2H2F2 , CF2=CH2 0.04* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC HFC-1234yf; HFO1234yf 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene 754-12-1 C3H2F4 

CF3CF=CH2 0.31* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC Capstone 42-U

perfluorobutyl ethene (42-U); 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-

Nonafluorohex-1-ene

19430-93-4 C6H3F9, CF3(CF2)3CH=CH2 0.16* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC Capstone 62-U

perfluorohexyl ethene (62-U); 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-

Tridecafluorooct-1-ene

25291-17-2 C8H3F13, CF3(CF2)5CH=CH2 0.11* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC Capstone 82-U

perfluorooctyl ethene (82-U); 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,1

0,10-Heptadecafluorodec-1-

ene

21652-58-4 C10H3F17, CF3(CF2)7CH=CH2 0.09* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC Solstice 1233 zd(E) trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-

trifluoroprop-1-ene

102687-65-0 C3H2ClF3, CHCl=CHCF3 1.34+ CR
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 23 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

3b Unsaturated HFC (E)-HFC-1225ye (E)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop1-ene5595-10-8 CF3CF=CHF(E) 0.06* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC (Z)-HFC-1225ye (Z)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop1-ene5528-43-8 CF3CF=CHF(Z) 0.22* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC (Z)-HFC-1234ze (Z)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-

ene

29118-25-0 CF3CH=CHF(Z) 0.29* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC HFO-1345zfc 3,3,4,4,4-Pentafluorobut-1-

ene

374-27-6 C2F5CH=CH2 0.09* CR

3b Unsaturated HFC (Z)-HFC-1336 (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobut2-ene692-49-9 CF3CH=CHCF3(Z) 1.58* CR

3c Unsaturated HFE PMVE, HFE-216 perfluoromethyl vinyl ether 

(PMVE) 1187-93-5 CF3OCF=CF2 0.17* CR

3c Unsaturated HFE Fluoroxene (2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy)ethene 406-90-6 CF3CH2OCH=CH2 0.05* CR

3d Fluorinated Ketone Novec 1230

FK-5-1-12 Perfluoroketone; 

FK-5-1-12myy2; 

PERFLUORO(2-METHYL-3-

PENTANONE)

756-13-8 CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2 0.11* CR

4 Other Perfluorobutyl acetate 209597-28-4 CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3 1.59* CR

4 Other Perfluoropropyl acetate 1344118-10-0 CH3COOCF2CF2CF3 1.78* CR

4 Other Perfluoroethyl acetate 343269-97-6 CH3COOCF2CF3 2.07* CR

4 Other Trifluoromethyl acetate 74123-20-9 CH3COOCF3 2.01* CR

4 Other 1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-

trifluoroacetate 1344118-13-3 CF3COOCF2CH3 31 CR

4 Other Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate 383-63-1 CF3COOCH2CH3 1.3* CR

4 Other 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2-

trifluoroacetate 407-38-5 CF3COOCH2CF3 7 CR

4 Other Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate 433-53-4 HCF2COOCH3 3 CR

4 Other Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-

trifluoroacetate 2024-86-4 CF3COOCHF2 27 CR

4 Other Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate 431-47-0 CF3COOCH3 52 CR

4 Other 3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol 2240-88-2 CF3CH2CH2OH 0.35* CR
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 24 of 25

Model Group Common or 

Trade Name Chemical Designation CAS No. Chemical Formula GWP GWP Source#

4 Other 4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol 461-18-7 CF3(CH2)2CH2OH 0.05* CR

4 Other 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-

Heptafluorobutan-1-ol 375-01-9 C3F7CH2OH 34 CR

4 Other 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-

propanol 76-37-9 CHF2CF2CH2OH 13 CR

4 Other 2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-

butanol 382-31-0 CF3CHFCF2CH2OH 17 CR

4 Other 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-

butanol 375-01-9 CF3CF2CF2CH2OH 16 CR

4 Other 3,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal 460-40-2 CF3CH2CHO 0.01* CR

4 Other 2-Fluoroethanol 371-62-0 CH2FCH2OH 1.07* CR

4 Other 2,2-Difluoroethanol 359-13-7 CHF2CH2OH 3 CR

4 Other 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 75-89-8 CF3CH2OH 20 CR

4 Other Methyl carbonofluoridate 1538-06-3 FCOOCH3 95 CR

4 Other 1,1-Difluoroethyl 

carbonofluoridate 1344118-11-1 FCOOCF2CH3 27 CR

4 Other Trifluoromethyl formate 85358-65-2 HCOOCF3 588 CR

4 Other Perfluoroethyl formate 313064-40-3 HCOOCF2CF3 580 CR

4 Other Perfluoropropyl formate 271257-42-2 HCOOCF2CF2CF3 376 CR

4 Other Perfluorobutyl formate 197218-56-7 HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3 392 CR

4 Other 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate 32042-38-9 HCOOCH2CF3 33 CR

4 Other 3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate 1344118-09-7 HCOOCH2CH2CF3 17 CR

4 Other 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl 

formate 481631-19-0 HCOOCHFCF3 470 CR

4 Other 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan2-yl formate 856766-70-6 HCOOCH(CF3)2 333 CR

4 Other Halon-2311 / 

Halothane

2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-

trifluoroethane 151-67-7 CHBrClCF3 41+ CR
Analysis of Potential Default GWPs for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP 

Page 25 of 25

#

Sources for the GWPs include the IPCC Forth Assessment Report (AR4) (Forster, et al. 2007),

7 Table A-1 to subpart A of Part 98 published on October 30, 

2009, 8

and the “Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review” (CR). +

Chlorine-containing compound

*Precise GWP calculated

^The GWP for this compound is different than the GWP in the version of Table A-1 to Subpart A of Part 98 published on October 30, 2009. 

 

7 Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D.W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz and 

R. Van Dorland. 2007. Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of 

Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, 

K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2009. Code of Federal Regulations. Table A-1 to Subpart A of Part 98 – Global Warming Potentials (100-Year Time 

Horizon). October 30, 2009. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/documents/pdf/2009/GHG-MRR-FinalRule.pdf