^- 1 -)!(,-. (C ^\

Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum THE

Vol. 2, No. 7 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, FEBRUARY 1, 1952 5 cents

CANAL COMPANY TO GO ON BREAK EVEN BASIS

WITH FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN FISCAL STATUS

Demolition Program

Slowed By Transfer

Of Cocoli Townsite

The demolition of quarters in connection with the Canal Company's construction program is expected to slow down to a walk and many householders who have

been notified to be prepared to move may

have, an extra year or two in their present

quarters. No large-scale demolition is now ex- pected for at least two years and prior to that only scattered houses will be torn down as they become vacant and can be

spared, according to H. L. Donovan,

Community Services Director. The transfer of the Third Locks town

of Cocoli to the Navy is one of the principal factors in slowing down the demolition program on the Pacific side. Although a

relatively small percentage of family and

bachelor quarters there were assigned to Canal personnel, the town, with 356

family apartments, 24 bachelors' apartments, and 160 bachelor rooms, would

have provided a large reservoir during

the construction program.

Quarters on the Atlantic side are pres- ently in short supply and the situation there will not be eased until completion of new houses this year. The situation on

the Pacific side is somewhat different. While there are sufficient quarters for Canal employees, the {Seepage/,

A realignment of Panama Canal Company activities into three main categoriesCanal, Service, and Commercial— and the adoption of a new formula for the apportionment of Canal Zone Government costs are the most significant developments in the Company's fiscal affairs since its incorporation last July.

The two changes, embodied in the President's budget to Congress last week,

are of major interest to the Canal Company's "customers," whether employees or

others, as they will vitally affect rate structures. The new policies governing the Company's financial operations were approved

late last year by the President and were

reviewed by the Board of Directors at the meeting here last month. Regulations

precluded announcement of the proposed

changes until they were made public in the President's budget message. "Break-Even" Basis

Of more immediate interest to employees and other buyers of goods and services from the Company is that the Panama

Canal Company, in accordance with in- structions from the Bureau of the Budget,

will be placed on a "break even" basis

effective March 1. This action results from the application of the two funda- mental changes to the Company's budgets

for this fiscal year and for the 1953 fiscal year. Both were revised accordingly.

Up to now the Company has been

operating at a deficit, principally in the commercial units. This was due to the

The 195.5 Panama Canal Company and

Canal Zone Government budget in

figures and understandable language

See Page 6. What the Board of Directors did at the meeting here—See pictures on Pages 12 and \i and story on Page 12. The Panama Canal —the world's best lighted waterway. Read how it's done

by the Aids to Navigation Division men.

See Pages 10 and 11. A new feature. Commissary Talk, with

chatty, useful information about what

goes on and what is being sold in the Commissaries—See Page 9. The Boy Scouts, a special February

feature —See Page 2.

decision of the Board of Directors last June to delay rate changes until more

definite information could be obtained

under actual operating conditions. The budget revision for this fiscal year

does not provide for the recovery of deficits incurred during the first eight months

of this fiscal year during the last four months. However, the increased revenues

for the last four months of this fiscal year and next fiscal year are estimated to be

sufficient to meet operating expenses after next March 1. The Panama Canal In- corporation Act provided that deficits in- curred in one year be covered by earnings

in subsequent years unless forgiven by act

of Congress.

Chart Is Shown

The accompanying chart at the bottom

of this page shows the principal units or operations in each of the main categories.

Under the original alignment of functions

all of the units now in the Services group, with the exception of quarters, were in the commercial column. Also previously

listed as a commercial activity was the

Industrial Bureau which is now in the Canal Activities group. The basic premise of the new division of

activities is that the operation of the waterway would require not only those

units listed in Canal Activities but also the services rendered by units in the Service category. Since these services are

also required by units (See page IS) PANAMA CANAL COMPANY

Canal Activity Service Activity Commercial Activity

NAVIGATION

DREDGING

LOCKS

FERRIES

METEOROLOGY AND

HYDROGRAPHY

CONSTRUCTION AND

MAINTENANCE

(Building, Electrical and Municipal Work)

HOTELS

CLUBHOUSES

COMMISSARY DIVISION

MOTOR TRANSPORTATION PANAMA LINE

PRINTING PLANT

RAILROAD

POWER SYSTEM

TERMINALS

ENGINEERING TELEPHONE SYSTEM (Docks and Piers) BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS

INDUSTRIAL BUREAU

WATER SYSTEM MARINE BUNKERING

STOREHOUSES

QUARTERS
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Boy Scouts In The Canal Zone Celebrate

42d Anniversary Of Their Founding

Remember Little Black Sambo? He ate 169 pancakes, all by himself, because he was so hungry.

He would have fitted well with the Boy

Scouts of the Canal Zone. Mateo Cubillo—"Cubi" to the boys—

never starts pancakes out of his kitchen at the Scout Camp, El Volcan, until he has 400 in reserve. And even then he and his kitchen crew have to keep production

going for at least an hour. To be sure, Cubi is feeding some 50

boys, average age about 13, and a dozen

or so adults. And what a group of 'teen age boys can do to food when their appetites are whetted by temperatures between

50 and 75 degrees—or almost any other

time- -is almost unbelievable. When Cubi bakes apple pies, he figures on half a pie per boy; the Scouts eat at

least four eggs apiece for breakfast. Six dozen large loaves of bread are purchased

from a nearby German bakery every morning but before the day is over they

usually have to be supplemented by corn bread or biscuits. One dinner means 60 pounds of beef. Three beeves and one

large hog are butchered monthly for the boys and these are in addition to the hams and sides of bacon in the camp's

big refrigerators.

Milk and vegetables, in quantities, are obtained in the Volcan area for campers. The sole camp restriction on food is that

the boys must eat everything on their

plates; they may have as many servings

as they want.They Need Food!

Food consumption like that of the boys,

though, is about what one would expect

of a group of energetic young men-in-themaking who get up at 6 a. m., police the camp and do other chores, and do about

everything—except skiing—that there is in the sports line. Located at El Hato, in Chiriqui Province, Camp El Volcan is the pride of the 674 Boy Scouts, Cub Scouts, and Explorer Scouts and their 206 leaders now

enrolled in the Scouting program which,

this month, is celebrating its 42d anniversary. The camp opened in the summer of 1945 and has been operating every year

since then on its 82-acre plot of land.

Its eight cabins, each named for a man

who has been active in Scouting, sleep 10 boys each. There is also a Health Lodge,

known as Eugene Lodge in honor of the

late Dr. George Eugene who was the camp's first doctor. It is the camp's

dispensary and hospital, when necessary. The main messhall serves as a recreation hall and theater. Around its big fire- place plans have been laid for many hikes

to the Costa Rican border or over El Volcan under the expert guidance of woodsman Hans A. Senn. The camp has

its own water supply from a large spring,

and this water is chlorinated and purified at the camp. This year the Chiriqui Light

and Power Company has run a line to the camp and the former electric plant will now become an auxiliary. Late last month five Canal Zone men,

G. C. Lockridge, Director of the Schools' Physical Training and Recreation Branch,

Russell M. Jones, of Diablo Heights, who

has directed the camp for the past two

years, P. B. Hutchings, R. R. Arnold, and

William L. Howard, left for the Volcan to

check over the camp and make sure it was ready for the four-week session which opens this year on July 14. Registration for the boys will begin

later. Each will be required to have a

physical examination before his application is accepted. He gets other physical

examinations at camp, one when he arrives, and the other just before he leaves. Plans for emergencies will also be made

with the First Rescue Squadron. In past years the Squadron has agreed to fly out from the camp, during the daytime, or from David, day or night, any boy who

might be injured or be critically ill. Camping Not New

Like Boy Scouting on the Isthmus,

camping is not new. Local Scouts camped

in Boquete as long ago as 1924, going

from the Canal Zone to Chiriqui aboard

the tug Favorite. Nowadays they fly or go by road. The 1924 campers included

several well-known local names; among

them were James F. Burgoon, Robert A. Engelke, and Thomas Locken. Early in 1931 the Scouts camped for three days at Alhajuela, up the Chagres River. Later

in that decade the camps were held for several years in Costa Rica. During the war years the Scouts camped at Rio Hato. Founded in 1910 and with a Canal Zone

branch set up that same year, the Scouts were a feature of early Canal Zone life. Two of the first troops were formed at Corozal and Gorgona.

Late in 1911 each of the six Scout

troops then on the Canal Zone was

granted a piece of land on which to build a Scout Shack. The boys cleared their own land and built their own Shacks, of lumber furnished by the Isthmian Canal

Commission.

Today there are nine Cub Scout Packs,

with a total enrollment of 354, for boys

from eight to 11; 11 Boy Scout Troops,

with a total enrollment of 201, from boys

older than 11; and for the 119 Explorers

in the older age brackets there are two

Sea Explorer Ships and one Air Explorer

Squadron.

Each Unit Sponsored

Each unit is registered with Scout head - quarters and each is sponsored by a group

of individuals or by (S« page /,)

CENTER OF ACTIVITIES at the Boy Scout Camp El Volcan is the Messhall, with its big

fireplace, long tables and benches. Here the Scouts stow away amazing quantities of food, watch an occasional movie, hold their camp sings and make plans for the next day. Boy Scouting is a Community

Chest activity.

. • • , "~

THIRTY-ONE BOYS and three leaders represented the Canal Zone recently at a great National Jamboree at Valley Forge, near Philadelphia. The boys represented all Scouting units on the Canal Zone and, consequently, used the banner of Troop SOI, the number having been chosen as that of the Canal Zone Scout Council. Front row, trfl to right: Bill Wright; Jimmie Stevens; Herbert Raeburn; Stan Aymong; Bruce Newhard; Don Smith; Johnnie Pabon; Allan Wheeler; Merrick Truly. Second row: Dan Brookhart; Jimmie Barber; Keith Moumblow; Bruce Sanders; Dick MacSparran; Woodrow Keating; Larry Cox; Griff McClelland; Buddy Ingram; Dick Reed.

Third row: Richard Keating; Lowell Jones; David Otten; Ray Tucker; Don Filer; L. W. Hearn; Norman Zimmerman; James Fulton. Top row: Anton Pedersen; Francisco Wong; W. R. Price; Richard E. Cox; John R. Barr; John D.

Fisher; Blair Campbell.
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Finances, Quarters,

Townsites, Discussed

At January Conference

Income derived by the Panama Canal

Company from Canal activities and commercial activities falls into two distinct compartments, Governor F. K. Newcomer told members of the Governor- Employee Conference January 24. Under the law which established the Panama Canal Company, he explained,

any excess revenues from tolls—should

there be any such excess—could not be

used to reduce cost of commissary items

or charges for electricity or any other item which comes under the commercial

activity.

The explanation, which had been made

previously in The Panama Canal Review and later in a press conference by

Assistant Secretary of the Army Karl

Bendetsen, came in answer to a question

by C. W. Hammond, newly-elected president of the General Committee of Civic

Councils. On the other hand, the Governor continued, the prices charged for commissary

items, or electricity or other purchases

from the commercial activities could not

be increased to meet any deficit in the Canal activity should tolls not be suffi- cient to cover the cost of this activity.

When Mr. Hammond asked where the

dividing line came between the two activities, the Governor referred him to the current issue of The Panama Canal

Review (see page 1). The report that charges for some commercial items would be increased was

not an idle rumor, the Governor said, but the story to this effect had been

overemphasized.

He mentioned increases of two cents a package on cigarettes and two cents a

gallon on gasoline and of monthly tele- phone charges from the present $2.50 to $3.

No Grounds Charges

Offset against these increases, he told the conference, will come the removal of any charge for the care of grounds.

It has not been a practical arrangement,

the Governor said, to consider lands within 30 feet of a dwelling as private and

those outside as in the public domain.

All land in the Panama Canal towns

will now be considered as public lands and

will be so maintained. In answer to other questions as to any

further increases, especially for rents, the Governor said that he does not expect any

substantial change in commissary prices

and because of the limitation of maintenance on old houses, which are to be demolished in the current housing pro- gram, there will be no rent increases on

these houses. He answered a further question as to rental on new type houses with the answer that, provided construction bids

follow the pattern set during the construction just completed, houses built in the next few years should rent for substantially the same figure as those just

completed.

There is, however, the Governor said, an

intermediate class of houses which are to be retained. A study is now in progress

to see whether these houses are carrying themselves under present rental rates or whether rents on this class will have to

To The Employees . . .

Special emphasis is being given presently

to a supervisory training program. The objective of this program, initiated last August,

is twofold: to train and acquaint supervisors in their work and responsibilities, and

to develop additional personnel for supervisory work. In furtherance of this program the services of Dr. C. Kenneth

Beach, a leading consult- ant and teacher in the

field of industrial tra ining, have been obtained to evaluate what is being done and advise on what can be done to improve

supervision within the Company-Government

organization. Dr. Beach is just con- cluding a two-week period

as consultant on this phase of our personnel work. His advice, based on his wide experience and

knowledge of the practical and theoretical aspects of industrial training, will be of

inestimable value. In an organization of our kind, no single group of employees has the relative importance of supervisors on the. intermediate

level. They act as a funnel for receiving

overall plans and policies and have the immediate responsibilities for executing them. On the other hand, they are responsible for, and should be constantly aware of, the loorking conditions and general welfare of

the men and women they supervise. I have constantly stressed to the various Bureau and Division heads the importance

of selecting capable supervisors and assisting them to gain a thorough understanding of the purposes of basic policies or plans they are called upon to execute. Each

supervisor should comprehend not only the value of the work he oversees, but its relation- ship to the whole pattern of Canal activities. It is only with this understanding that a

supervisor can faithfully transmit to those

whom he supervises the necessary confidence

that the work being performed is essential and for the good of the organization as a

whole. The human element in supervision is a

determining factor in whether a person is a

good or a bad supervisor. Generally, a man

or woman who applies the Golden Rule in supervision makes an out- standing success on the

job, providing other qualifications are present. More

often than not, it is the

little human kindnesses which distinguish a good

| from a bad supervisor.

One of the heaviest re- sponsibilities of any supervisor is the investigationand proper adjustment

of any grievance. If these adjustments are made ex- peditiously and sympathetically, there is seldom

cause for a grievance or complaint to go beyond the intermediate supervisory level. Many people are emotionally unfitted to make good supervisors. These are as detri- mental to a job as the supervisor who is

unfitted by training or experience. In the

final analysis, there is little to choose be- tween the boss who doesn't know the work he

is supervising and the one who knows but

exercises excessive authority by abuse, ridicule, or inconsiderate treatment. The present training program is designed

to teach these and many other important

facts to the men and women who make up

our supervisory force. I am confident that any supervisor or any employee who hopes

to achieve a supervisory position can benefit greatly by the course of training being made

available to them.

7-7f. 4^v

Governor

be increased. Governor Newcomer said that he had

no knowledge of a rumor presented by

Rufus Lovelady, president of Lodge No.

14 of the A.F.G.E., to the effect that items

selling in the commissaries at prices below

the list price of the nation-wide con- sumers' index would be increased to that

figure.

Capital Investment

Asked by Mr. Lovelady what was in- cluded in the $129,000,000 capital invest- ment which was written off at the time of the Panama Canal Company formation,

the Governor said that this figure related exclusively to the construction of the Canal.

Capital investment in buildings owned

by the Government (hospitals and schools)

is not required to pay interest, he said. Both Mr. Hammond and J. H. Jones

of the Pedro Miguel Civic Council asked

as to the status of the Summit develop- ment. They were told that construction on the town will proceed, although this year the only work at Summit will be for some site preparation and the construction of two water tanks and a storm

sewer drainage system. A. A. Saarinen asked for conference comment on a proposal made recently in

the Electrical Union meeting to the effect that special income tax deductions of $150

a month per person be allowed as a compensatory feature for Americans living outside the United States. The Governor reminded Mr. Saarinen

that the Administration has started a bill "on its way" which would credit back to the Panama Canal the amount of taxes paid in the Canal Zone. This measure he said, is still in the Department of Defense. Walter Wagner, of the Central Labor

Union, and Daniel Kiley, of the Pacific Locks Employees, both criticized the handling of information to the employees, Mr. Wagner in the case of the possible

closing of the Diablo fire station (which

will not be closed, the Governor said) and

Mr. Kiley in connection with a schedule change for Lock employees and prospective housing for employees who are having

to move out of Cocoli. Mr. Kiley commented that morale

would be improved if employees understood why certain changes were being

made.

"Communications" Discussed Governor Newcomer answered that Dr.

C. Kenneth Beach, who was acting as consultant to the Company (See page t8)
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Demolition Of Quarters Is Slowed

By Transfer Of Cocoli To Navy

Lunchtime At Balboa

(Continued from page 1) Supply is not SO

plentiful that assignments can be made

to others. New Towns Governing Factor The building of the new towns of Cardenas and Summit, plus the expansion

of Paraiso, will largely govern the demolition rate on the Pacific side. The residents

of Red Tank will he moved to Paraiso as quarters there become available, while the demolition of houses in La Boca cannol be started on a large scale until the town

of Cardenas is ready for occupancy. The first group of U. S.-rate houses

scheduled to come down are the old quarters on Empire Street in Balboa. Under

the present plans these will not be vacated

before the quarters in Ancon have been

built. This is expected to be early next

year. The first large-scale demolition program

of U. S.-rate houses on the Pacific side is expected late in 1953 and early 1954. Areas to be cleared then are the remaining

old-type residences in Ancon, houses along

Ridge Road, and a group of older quarters on Plank Street in Balboa. Balboa Flats In 1955 Balboa Flats will be the last extensive

clearance program for the Pacific side, other than Pedro Miguel which is not to be rebuilt. Presently, it is expected that the flats can be cleared during the fiscal year 1955. The demolition program on the Atlantic- side will be coordinated with the building programs at Silver City, Margarita, and

Gatun. The first big demolition program

on the Atlantic side will be Camp Bierd. The houses there will be demolished as

residents vacate their quarters and move

to houses being completed in Silver City.

No wholesale demolition program is scheduled for U. S.-rate quarters on the

Atlantic side. Houses in the various communities will be disposed of as new

buildings become available.

Boy Scouts In The Canal Zone Celebrate

42d Anniversary Of Their Founding

(Continued from page 2) an organization.

The Margarita Recreational Association, for instance, sponsors the Margarita

Cubs and Scouts; American Legion Post No. 1 is sponsor for the Cubs, Scouts, and

Air Explorer Squadron in Balboa. Sponsors for Cub Pack No. 8, in Cristobal, and

Cub Pack No. 13, in Cocoli, are registered as a "group of citizens." There are Scout units in every Canal Zone town except Ancon and Pedro

Miguel, and at Albrook Air Force Base, and Forts Clayton, Gulick, and Kobbe.

They are under the direction of a Canal Zone Council which is 32 years old this month. Its present president is an

Atlantic Sider, W. R. Price. Governor F. K. Newcomer is Honorary President of the Scout Council. The Scout Executive is John R. Barr, who grew up on the Isthmus and who is himself an Eagle Scout with Silver Palm. For several years the Scouts have held an annual Camporee on the Isthmus and

a year ago the Boy Scout Council sent a

troop to the National Jamboree at Valley

'Forge. The 31 boys in this group were accompanied by three senior leaders: Mr.

Price, Mr. Barr, and Richard E. Cox.

UPSTAIRS, in the School Lunch Cafeteria

AND DOWNSTAIRS, at the Balboa Clubhouse Soda Fountain

Lunchtime is Balboa Clubhousetime for some 575 to GOO Canal Zone students five days a week. Saturdays and after school is also Bal- boa Clubhousetime, from the looks of the Clubhouse; but we're talking about school

lunches, right now. From 1 1 :30 on each schoolday morning,

the Clubhouse swarms with boys and

girls, students from Pedro Miguel or Gamboa or others who, for one reason or another, don't have luncheon at home.

This school lunch business has assumed

such proportions that 10 additional employees work in the Clubhouse restaurant during the school year. Most of the older students, those from

12 on up, eat downstairs, either in the

regular cafeteria or in the soda fountain

luncheonette. There they may have anything to eat they wish and can afford to buy.

Special lunches, at 30 cents each, are provided in the upstairs cafeteria, which

operates throughout the school year on

the second floor of the clubhouse. For this reasonable sum, the lunchers can have their choice of lunches such as

these:

Chicken croquettes with cream sauce, mashed potatoes, fresh string beans, rolls and butter and fresh limeade; baked

meat loaf with onion gravy and mashed

potatoes, fresh turnips, rolls and butter,

and fresh orangeade; grilled liver steak with onions, mashed potatoes, buttered

beets, rolls and butter, and fresh limeade;

or, fried fishcakes, with tomato sauce, spaghetti Creole, fresh carrots, rolls and

butter and fresh fruitade. The school lunch menus are planned by

the Balboa Clubhouse restaurant manager, Joseph S. Wallace, and checked by

clubhouse manager B. S. Chisholm, to see that they are balanced meals. In planning

their school lunches Mr. Wallace and Mr.

Chisholm follow the menus of States

school lunches and meals served in industrial cafeterias. A majority of the lunching students

eat in the upstairs cafeteria where some

250 are served daily. About 225 students

are served at the soda fountain during the lunch hour the food favorite here is, not

surprisingly, hamburger with all the trim- mings—and the remaining 150 of the students go through the cafeteria line in the main dining room.

Most of the boys travelled to the United States by military transport and

rode by bus from New York to Washington.

They camped for over a week at the International section at Valley Forge

near Philadelphia, heard a talk by Presi- dent Harry Truman, and came back home

loaded with souvenirs which they had

gotten by the swap method from other camping Scouts from (See page U)
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

FOR YOUR INTEREST AND GUIDANCE IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION

JLML. JUL %gffr

THE SAFETY PROGRAM IN THE COMMISSARY DIVISION

As familiar as the Commissaries are to

all Zonians, few know the amount of work

and planning necessary to put its merchandise on display. Many items are procured in bulk and are manufactured on

the Zone. The new trend in "self-service" requires that more and more items be pre- packaged in salable sizes. This trend is adding more and more diversified activities to the old system of simple storage at Mt. Hope. The old warehouses there are undergoing many changes to accommodate this new trend. The services of a steamship line, a rail- road, a large fleet of gasoline trucks, and

a great many electric materials-handling

trucks are required to keep this establish- ment supplied and merchandise moving

out to all units on the Canal Zone.

In addition to all this at Mt. Hope and

the retail stores, there is a large dairy at Mindi having some 1600 fine cattle and a dog hospital. In Ancon there is a large

laundry and most towns have a gasoline

station. Each side of the Isthmus has a

refrigerator repair shop, as well as ice and

cold storage. With so many diversified activities, the

probability of accidents occurring is high,

and it has taken many years of eliminating unsafe hazards to bring the number of

injuries down to a minimum. Machines

can be repaired, safety devices added, newer machines installed, hazards re- HONOR ROLL

Bureau Award For BEST RECORD

December

HEALTH

AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR

Civil Affairs 4 Engineering and Construction 3

Industrial 3 Community Services 2 Health 2 Supply and Service 1 Marine

Railroad and Terminals

Division Awards For NO DISABLING INJURIES

December

ELECTRICAL DIVISION

DREDGING DIVISION

CLUBHOUSE DIVISION

AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR

Motor Transportation 6 Grounds Maintenance 5 Municipal 5 Railroad 5

Electric al 5 Dredging 4 Clu bhouses 4 Locks 3 Building - 3 Storehouses 3 Sanitation 3 Hospitalization and Clinics 3 Commissary 1 Terminals

Naviga t ion

moved, but the human being remains a constant source of danger' to himself. A

program for the education and training

of the workers on safety consciousness and

safe practices has been inaugurated to help eliminate future accidents. Statistics show that about two-thirds of all injuries are caused by the employee's inattention, lack of knowledge or skill. In addition to accidents involving employees, there is a small percentage in which customers are involved. The managing personnel are constantly on the alert

to prevent accidents to customers, but

there are many things a customer can do

to help prevent them. Inquisitive hands

of small children are always a source of danger and if allowed to roam unwatched,

they quickly get into unusual trouble. Bottled soda waters, any flavor, are potential small bombs. When dropped,

flying glass can cause severe injury to various parts of the body and there is always the possibility of losing an eye.

It is therefore the aim of the Commissary Division Safety Program to make all employees safety conscious—and accident prevention everyone's business.

E. E. TROUT, Safety Inspector, Commissary Divsion

Hayward H. Shacklett has been transferred from the Commissary Division to the Safety Branch as Safety Engineer.

P. H. Friedman has been appointed Safety Representative for the Supply and

Service Director and E. R. Albritton for the Railroad and Terminals Director.

PANAMA CANAL COMPANY CANAL ZONE GOVERNMENT SAFETY BOARD

As the New Year starts off, the Panama Canal Company-Canal Zone Government

Safety Board is composed of the following members:

G. 0. Kellar, Chairman Chief, Safety Branch

E. L. Farlow, representing Civil Affairs Director D. S. Johnston, representing Community Services Director D. M. Eggleston, representing . . ... Engineering and Construction Director

F. H. Baldwin, representing Finance Director

J. P. Smith, representing Health Director

Lt. Cmdr. W. M. Vincent, representing _ . .Industrial Director

F. F. Hargy, representing.

.

Marine Director

C. A. Dubbs, representing... Personnel Director

E. R. Albritton, representing .. .Railroad and Terminals Director

P. H. Friedman, representing. . .Supply and Service Director H. I. Perantie, representing.

_

.Executive Secretary

DECEMBER 1951

Health Bureau

Marine Bureau

Engineering and Construction Bureau

Civil Affairs Bureau

Industrial Bureau

Panama Canal Co. C. Z. Govt (This month)

Supply and Service Bureau

Panama Canal Co.-C. Z. Gov '1(1951 to Dale

Panama Canal Co.-C. Z.Gov'l (Best Year)

Community Services Bureau

Railroad and Terminals Bureau

Disabling Injuries per 1,000,000 Man-Hours Worked

(Frequency Rate)

Number of Disabling Injuries

O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

40 Man-Hours Worked 2,913,672 LEGEND

Amount Better Than Panama Canal Company—Cfinal Zone Government Best Year

Amount Worse Than Panama Canal Company—Canal Zone Government Best Year
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

$13,750,000 ASKED FOR QUARTERS PROGRAM

IN CANAL'S $100 MILLION BUDGET FOR 1953

The Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government jointly will enter

the hundred-million-dollar budget cate- gory next fiscal year if Congress approves

the two budgets as submitted.

Of the $106,400,000 budgeted, the net expenditure will exceed $94,000,000 since the net cost of Canal Zone Government,

amounting to over $8,000,000 must be re- paid to the Treasury by the Company. Of

the total net, $19,300,000 will go for capital expenditures, $1S,500,000 for cost of goods resold, and $1 1 ,000,000 for the fixed charges of interest and depreciation.

The Panama Canal Company's esti- mated operational budget for the coming

fiscal year follows:Income

Tolls . $26,915,000

Sales of Commodities 24,820,000 Rents 2,107.300 Other Services .. .--- 20,346,700 TOTAL $74,1X9,100

Expenses

Cost of Goods Sold ... Direct Operating Expenses

( leneral Expenses . _

.

Employment Costs

Interest Cost of Government

. $18,542,500

. ._ 31,606,100

2,360,100

2,038,600

6,292,5a) 8,175,300 Depreciation.. .... 4,749,500 TOTAL .. ~ $74,189,100

Approximately two-thirds of the capital

expenditure for the Company next year

will be spent on quarters construction. The principal capital items listed for the three Company Activities are:

Canal Activity

Electrical Distribution System i. Locks').

.

$966,000 Locomotive Cranes (Locks). _ 600,000 Widen vehicular bridge over Gatun Locks. 177,000

Rehabilitate baffle piers (Gatun Spillway) 130,000 Aids to Navigation Equipment 111,000

Miscellaneous. 135,500

TOTAL, Canal Activity $2,119,500 Commercial Activity

Commissary Division Cold Storage Warehouse ^ continued) $1,110,000 Commissary Division Equipment 87,500

Railroad Freight Cars. .

.

375,000

TOTAL, Commercial Activity... .. $1,572,500

Service Activity

Quarters $9,529,400 Margarita Power Sub-Station '. 700,000 Motor Vehicle Replacements 350.000

Miscellaneous Replacements and Equip- ment 129,600

TOTAL, Service Activity $10,709,000

TOTAL CAPITAL ITEMS... . 514,401,000

The Panama Canal Company submits

a business-type budget to Congress. It

differs primarily from the governmenttype budget in that it presents a general

plan of operations, listing anticipated expenses and income. Except for capital

expenditures, its budgeted income must

cover the anticipated expenses. Generally speaking, Congress in considering this type of budget approves or disapproves of the plan of operation

rather than the individual items of expenditures.

Capital expenditures are handled in the same way as done in private industry. If

a piece of machinery is bought, it is listed as a capital item. The company pays

interest on the investment and amortizes

the account by depreciation. If the piece

of equipment has a "life expectancy" of 20 years, the rate of depreciation would be

five percent a year or 100 percent of the

cost at the end of 20 years. How Housing Is Financed

The Canal quarters program will be

financed in this general fashion. It is more

complicated, however, because the cost is being financed jointly by the Company

and the Canal Zone Government, and the

latter is not required to pay interest on its investment. In addition, the Company is borrowing $10,000,000 from the fund' on

deposit with the Treasury Department

which was set up several years ago for short term loans without interest. When

this fund is depleted, the Company will ask Congress for an appropriation for its share in the quarters program and this

will be financed as in the case of the piece

of equipment mentioned.

items and income from such sources as

health services, fees, fines, rents, etc. The Canal Zone Government budget

for the fiscal year 1953, as requested of Congress, follows:

Civil Administration ... $1,019,800 Schools 2,522,800

Police Protection .. 1,442,200

Fire Protection... 481,000

Library 77,300 Courts 56,200 Highwavs and Sewers 37 1 ,000 Hospitals 4,011,600 Other Public Health Services. .

.

2,160,800 Corrosion Tests 102,200

Civil Defense 30,000

Civil Intelligence. 74,300 Contribution to Postal Fund 370,000

The Canal Zone Government is re- questing an appropriation of $12,915,800

for the coming fiscal year, in addition to an appropriation of $4,900,000 for capital items. All but about $075,000 of the

capital expenditure will be for housing.

Of the operational budget, over $8,000,000

will be repaid by the Company and the remainder represents non-reimbursable

TOTAL... .. $12,915,800 The capital items in the Government

budget for the coming fiscal year are:

Quarters $4,227,000 Roads and Street Replacement 405,400

94,000

41,000

25,000 87,600

20,000

Gamboa Bridge steel (mesh deck) Water Supply Main to Palo Seco Madden Road Rehabilitation Equipment Replacement and RenewalMiscellaneous, Minor

TOTAL.. $4,900,000 The Canal Zone Government presents

a government-type budget to Congress

and is subject to Congressional revision as a whole or item by item. It represents the

total gross expense for the year. Any

income derived by the Government's operation must be returned to the Treasury

Two Zonians End Long Jeep Trip

A PAUSE that refreshed was snatched by two Zonians, Dr. Frank P. Smith, left, of Gorgas

Hospital, and Rubelio Quintero of the Engineering Division, at San Luis, Argentina, in the course of

their 9,500-mile jeep trip from Panama to Buenos Aires. Once is enough, the two travellers believe, when a jeep is the method of travel. From Buenaventura, Colombia, where the jeep was shipped to begin the trip, to the Argentine

capital took 56 days and was made mostly by road, although ships and trains had their occasional

uses. The roads varied from a fine highway system in Peru to the rugged mountain roads, little more

than trails, in Ecuador and part of Chile. They experienced one collision, repeated breakdowns, watered gasoline, red tape, frigid mountain

weather and burning desert sun, and the theft of the foam rubber cushions which made the jeep comfortable riding. They spent Christmas in Santiago, Chile, and New Year's in Buenos Aires, returning to Panama by plane January 7. The jeep is following by ship.
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

S.l-afc^l

Official Panama Canal Company Publication

Published Monthly at BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE

Printed by the Panama Canal Press Mount Hope, Canal Zone

F. K. Newcomer, Governor-President

H. D. Vogel, Lieutenant Governor

E. C. Lombard, Executive Secretary

J. Ruftjs Hardy, Editor

Eleanor H. McIlhenny

Oleva Hastings

Editorial Assistants LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Letters containing inquiries, suggestions,

criticisms, or opinions of a general nature

will be welcomed. Those of sufficient interest

will be published but signatures will not be

used unless desired. SUBSCRIPTIONS—$1.00 a year SINGLE COPIES—5 cents each On sale at all Panama Canal Clubhouses,

Commissaries, and Hotels for 10 days after publication date. SINGLE COPIES BY MAIL-lOcents each BACK COPIES—10 Cents Each

On sale when available, from the Vault

Clerk, Third Floor, Administration Building, Balboa Heights.

Postal money orders should be made payable to the Treasurer, Panama Canal Company, and mailed to the Editor, The

Panama Canal Review, Balboa Heights, C.Z. LARGEST LUMBER ORDER

Bids are now being requested by the Panama Canal Company for 2,800,000 board feet of seasoned Panama lumber, the

largest single order ever placed by the Canal

for local lumber. The supply is being bought for the quarters construction program next fiscal year. The first deliveries are to be made within

eight months and the last within 18 months. The order will consist of sigua, bambito,

cedro granadino, and cedro macho, all native

lo the Isthmus. Bids will be opened February 4 and bid forms and full information

are available in the office of the Superintendent of Storehouses. KEY PERSONNEL CHANGES

Several important changes among key

personnel of the Panama Canal Company were recently announced. The

most important of these was the elec- tion of W. H. Dunlop as Finance Director by the Board of Directors. He was

formerly Chief of the Management Division and since last June has been

acting as Finance Director following the departure and retirement of Arnold

Bruckner.

Marc Quinn, wno has lived most of his life in the Canal Zone, was pro- moted to Chief of the Management

Division following Mr. Dunlop's election as Finance Director. The last of the major positions in the

Maintenance Division was filled by the appointment of Carl J. Browne as Chief

of the Southern District. Mr. Browne,

who entered the Canal service in August

1938 as a student engineer, had been

Assistant Building Engineer prior to the merger of the Building and Municipal

Divisions.

It was announced late in January

that Dr. W. F. Ossenfort, Chief Quarantine and Immigration Officer for the

past two years, has been reassigned by

the United States Public Health Service and will leave within a few weeks upon

completion of his tour of duty with the Health Bureau. His successor has not been named.

OF CURRENT INTEREST

^IL, "RLUSim

Another visible segment of the Canal construction history will disappear when the Ancon theater

building, above, is demolished in the next few weeks. Bids for the two-story structure will he opened

late next week. The main part of the building was erected in Pedro Miguel over 40 years ago and served as a

social club until 1913 when it was moved to its present site and was used as a restaurant. The theater part of the structure was originally located in Cristobal but was moved to Ancon in 1925 and made an

annex of the restaurant. The theater was remodelled in 1937 and the entire building was extensively modernized in 1943

during the boom times of war. When it was reopened then, it was renamed the Ancon Community

Center but the name never became deeply ingrained in the public consciousness which finally relap- sed into the use of the Ancon Theater or Ancon movie hall. With a general slackening of business after the war and the clearance of a large number of houses

in Ancon during the past few years, the movie business dwindled so that the theater was closed last May. Since then the various concessionnairs and the offices of the General Manager of the Clubhouse Division were moved elsewhere. The old building had its last blaze of glory in December when

the Commissary Division held its annual toy display and sale there.

NEW PHONE DIRECTORIES

New Canal Zone telephone directories

will be ready for delivery within about two

weeks. The final touches to the 1952 edition are now being made at the Panama Canal

Press. The new directories will follow the 1951 pattern and will be divided into seven main

sections, which will include separate directories of private subscribers, the Canal

organization, the Army, Navy, and Air

Force. They will contain all the latest changes up to the first of the year, including

those made as a result of the merger of the Building and Municipal Divisions into the Maintenance Division. The same system of distribution will be

used as previously and the majority of private subscribers will receive their copies

by mail. The price of single copies will be

SI.00 each.

CONTRACTS FOR QUARTERS

Contracts for several million dollars worth of construction work on the Canal's big building program are ex- pected to be awarded this month.

Bids were opened last week on the

first of two major groups of projects,

and for the construction of two official houses at Balboa Heights. Bids will be opened February 18 for the remaining

projects in this year's building program.

Bids opened last Monday included:

Municipal work in the new town of Summit; construction of 115 masonryquarters at Paraiso and extensive site work there; 48 buildings and site preparation in Ancon; 11 buildings on Pyle

Street and Morgan Avenue in Balboa;

and 12 masonry quarters at Diablo

Heights.

The two new official type quarters in Balboa Heights will be located adjacent

to the Administration Building, re- placing two houses recently demolished.

The new houses will be masonry

buildings of modified Spanish type ar- chitecture. They will have three bed- rooms and two baths each. Both will have covered terraces facing awav from

Heights Road.

ANNUITIES NOT TAXABLE

Welcome news to old-timers of the Canal construction period was the

announcement early in January that the Court of Claims had held by a four

to one decision that the so-called OldTimers' Annuities are not subject to income tax. A test suit was brought by Maurice H. Thatcher, former Isthmian Canal Commission member and head of the De- partment of Civil Administration during

the construction period, who is now an

attorney in Washington, D. C. The suit was brought in behalf of Andrew W.

Dewling, of Baltimore, Md., who was

employed in the Sanitary Department

when the Canal was being built. The Court held that the annuities

paid for construction service constitute

a gratuity and a "thank offering for arduous services rendered."

In a letter from Mr. Thatcher, he

explained that the Government has the

right, within a limited time, to appeal

the decision to the Supreme Court. For

this reason, he advised beneficiaries to delay until the March 15th deadline for

filing their 1951 income tax returns by

which time it will probably be known if an appeal will be made.

49-HOUR WORK WEEK

FOR FIRE FIGHTERS

Canal Zone lire fighters are now working

a 40-hour work week schedule adopted Jan- uary 20. The new schedule will not become

fully effective until seven additional firemen have been employed. Meanwhile, some of the firemen will earn overtime pay until new

schedules are arranged.

The firemen are the last group of Canal employees to adopt the 40-hour work week. Some intermittent workers, such as dock

employees, who work irregular hours may

work more or less than 40 hours a week,

depending on the work load, but all regular

employees are now on the shorter work week

schedule.
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Versatile Atlantic Side Employee

Nears 40-year Service Anniversary

For a man with an unblemished 40-year

service record, Cecil A. Coleman, Baggage

Clerk for the Terminals Division in Cristobal, came dangerously close to being

summarily fired a few years ago. Only his keen observation and good

memory saved the day and turned the

threat of dismissal into a commendation.

The incident occurred quite a few years back when a cablegram was received from

the New York offices of the Panama Line

saying that the required death certificate and other documents had not arrived

aboai'd ship with the remains of a deceased Canal employee. It was Coleman's duty

to see that such papers were aboard. "The purser says he did not receive the papers and the transportation of the body

to Philadelphia for burial has to be post- poned," the angry Receiving and For- warding Agent told Coleman. "Now, what

have you got to say before I fire you?"

"Please cable the purser," replied Cole- man, "that he placed the sealed envelope

with the papers in the right-hand corner

of the file cabinet in his office." The cablegram was sent and a shamefaced purser admitted his error.

Passengers Want Help

While a little out of the ordinary, such

incidents are not unusual for the man

who rides herd on hundreds of pieces of luggage every time a Panama liner docks

or leaves Cristobal. It is rare indeed when

some passenger, fractious and upset about

sailing, does not misplace luggage and

call for Coleman to help.

Coleman, a Panamanian citizen, was

born of West Indian parentage. He will complete 40 years of continuous service with the Terminals Division, formerly the Receiving and Forwarding Agency, next August 1. The old Panama Line ships were still docking at Pier 4 in Colon when he was

employed in 1912 at $17.50 a month as messenger boy. When the Cristobal piers

Low Incidence Of Tuberculosis

Shown By 25,000 Chest X-Rays

ANGELA LEE, eighth grade student at Balboa Junior High School, demonstrates how she stool

for the chest X-ray which is now being given to all Canal Zone students above the seventh grade. With her is Richard L. Wright, who does the "picture taking" at the Pacific Side unit.

For the past few weeks Canal Zone

boys and girls—students in the high

schools and junior high schools—have

been stepping up to big machines at the

Civil Affairs Building in Ancon or the Health Department in Colon. Over and over the waiting students have heard the attending nurse chant: "Take a deep breath—hold it—don't breathe or move—Okay!"

The students are the latest to be given

X-rays in a community-wide chest X-ray

program which began in August 1950 and

through which over 25,000 persons have

already been X-rayed.

The number of cases of tuberculosis found has been less than five to a thousand

and most of these have been in the early, more hopeful stages of the disease; a per- centage which compares favorably to

similar areas and population groups in the United States. The chest X-ray survey is a cooperative

project of the Health Bureau (See page 15)

CECIL A. COLEMAN

were completed in 1914 he was transferred

to the new offices and promoted to office helper. Not long afterwards there was a

shortage of cargo checkers and he was made a special checker. It was during

this period that the first two new-fangled

industrial motor trucks, now in common

use, were received and he was the first local-rate employee to be entrusted the

use of one.Many Outside Interests Coleman's versatility as well as his de- pendability is demonstrated both in his work for the Terminals Division and his outside interests. Aside from his usual

duties in handling baggage, he serves as

interpreter in the office, since he reads and

writes both English and Spanish.

He has been the Atlantic Side corre- spondent for the Star & Herald for more

than 25 years and since the advent of radio on the Isthmus, he has become one

of the best-known program directors of the Colon stations. He has been master

of ceremonies of one station for 1 1 years and of another for the past five years. He handles numerous community pro- grams, one of the most important recently

having been the special West Indian

Stamp Commemorative exercises held at Mount Hope Stadium.

Coleman is married and has lived in Silver City since 1920. He has a son and

daughter and four grandchildren in whom

he takes great pride.

Coleman's duties in handling th° bag- gage on incoming and outgoing Panama

liners are frequently complicated by the

arrival or departure of dignitaries. On

these occasions he is given the special

assignment of handling their luggage

which he accompanies to the Pacific Side

if they travel by special motor car. Remembers All Governors

He well remembers all Panama Canal Governors and at one time or another has

personally assisted most of them on their arrivals or departures. Other important

officials whom he has helped have included

presidents, senators, governors, congress- men, and high officials (See page 9>
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

POROPORO, or Maximiliana Vitifolia. Plant lovers in the Canal Zone watch

for the first flowering trees of the dry

season with as much enthusiasm as their northern relatives watch for the first buttercups in the Spring. Already some

of the trees are in bloom.

The Christmas tree, Calyeophyllum

caiididissimum, began to flower the latter part of December and is still in blossom

in some places along the Pacific slope

where it is most common.

With its almost unbroken mass of white blooms it is both striking and handsome. The flowers are in terminal corymblike (nearly flat-topped) panicles or

clusters. One lobe of the calyx in some of the flowers is expanded into a broad,

rounded, creamy-white, leaf-like blade. The heavy, strong, fine-grained wood is used for many purposes and is best known as Lemon Wood.

The Gallito, Erythrina nlauca, is one of the abundant trees of Panama. It began

to flower in January. The large orange

flowers represent small roosters' heads

hence the name. The trees are commonly

planted and several good specimens may

be seen along the bank of the Canal at the northeast end of the Pedro Miguel Locks. Already in flower are two other striking

trees: The Jordan, Belotia panamensis,

and Poroporo, Coeirfospermum vitifolium. The Belotias are common forest trees and there are several handsome specimens on Ancon Hill. The small flowers with

violet petals and pink sepals, borne in cymes (clusters similar to those of the pink or the phlox), make the tree conspicious and very beautiful. A number of them can be found along the trans-Isth- mian highway and the road to Gamboa.

Most residents are familiar with the handsome, bright yellow flowers of the Poroporo. These are three inches across, arranged in terminal clusters and suggest

roses. The flowers are followed by large, five-valved hairy fruits which contain numerous kidney-shaped seeds covered with long white cotton. This is sometimes

used for stuffing pillows and for this reason the tree is commonly confused with the better known Kapok. The Poro- poro tree is valuable for use as live fence

posts. It is abundant along the roads in the Interior as well as in the Canal Zone. Early this month the Palo Santo,

Triplaris amerieana, will blossom in the

forests. The crowns of the tall trees are covered with very showy, panicled ( pyra- midal) racemes of purplish red dioecious

(female) flowers. The staminate or male

flowers are undiscernable.

Most everyone south of the Tropic of Cancer knows that the cattle sold on the Chicago, Dallas, and Denver markets isn't the only beef that turns up at dinner as steak,

roast, or hamburger. And as for Commissary

customers, they seem to have forgotten that kind exists. The Commissaries sell both United States and "native" beef, but in Over The proportions of about 99.99 Meat to .01 in favor of the local Counter product. The reason is simple

cents—and dollars. Porterhouse choice steak from local beef

costs 48 cents a pound; the same cut from

choice grade beef from the United States

the only U. S. grade sold by the Commissaries—is $2.02 , or about $4.00 for one steak. And the price spread on other cuts is about

as terrifying. The native beef is also sold chilled—not

frozen, as the States beef has to be for the long trip to the Canal Zone. The sale of

chilled native beef is still comparatively new; Commissary customers bought that

frozen too until about six months ago.

I he native beef now in the stores comes

Irom Chiriqui Province and is bought under

rigid specifications. Only steers are pur- chased—no cows, bulls, stags, etc.—and they must weigh from 800 to 1200 pounds on the hoof—the cream of any herd of cattle. Commissary people whose business it is to know about such things say that, generally, the native beef in the stores is roughly comparable to commercial grade beef from the United States. There, the grades run Prime

(bought by a very select few, mainly for the

fanciest hotel and restaurant trade), Choice,

Good, Commercial, Utility, Cutter, and

Canner. Native cattle are inspected before and

after slaughter by a Health Bureau veteri- narian and are slaughtered in the Company's

sanitary slaughterhouse under rigid Health Bureau supervision. After slaughter, the beef is thoroughly

chilled and is hung in sides to remove all animal heat and tenderize the meat slightly. The slaughtering schedule is arranged to keep chilled beef in the retail stores for dayto-day sales, frozen beef for other large

buyers and a small reserve supply.

The meat is cut Chicago style—more

about that in later "Commissary Talk"

and is sent to the retail stores in quarters, where it is broken down into retail cuts. Chopped beef, mainstay of the beef

business and budget-minded housewives, has joined a growing list of Commissary pre- packaged foods. You can buy it now in the form of minute or hamburger steaks of uni- form size, all ready to drop in the frying pan. The minute steaks weigh 2>4 ounces, cost

10 cents each, and come frozen, three in a

package. The hamburger steaks also weigh

lyi ounces each, come four in a package and

cost seven cents each. They are made—like

all Commissary Division hamburger and

sausage—from the best of fore-quarter meat —none of the scraps and stuff which have

been known to find their way into butchers'

grinders.

Real French Roquefort cheese, not to be

contused with its domestic counterpart,

bleu cheese, is coming to the Commissaries,

probably in the next few weeks.

The "real McCoy" comes from an area around the small town of Roquefort, France, where an apocryphal story has it Roquefort t j,e cheese originated with one Cheese forgetful little boy, who left his History lunch of cheese in a cave where

he was playing. Much later, he found his lunch and ate it—mold and all. He liked it, the story goes; his family sampled, and liked it; others sampled, and liked

it, etc., etc., etc., and Roquefort cheese, aged in caves, began.

Battery chickens—not run by, but raised

in—are sold by the Commissaries—freshly

killed and eviscerated. They are raised in a

business building right in the city of Colon where they spend their days in wire cages, never touching the ground or exercising to develop muscles and toughness.

They were sold by the Commissaries some

time ago and customers liked them so much

( () they ate the raiser right out of Battery stock. Now the chickens are in Chickens the stores again. They are killed Back one morning, chilled, dressed in the afternoon, and are on sale the following morning. They cost 90 cents per pound as compared with about 83 for frozen States chicken.

Hand-cut lead crystal from the Brierley

Hill Glassworks in Staffordshire, England,

"glassmakers for Royal families Hand-Cut s; nce t

t, e rejgn f Queen VicCrystal toria," can be bought in the

Available Commissaries without fear that

it may be here today and gone

tomorrow. The two patterns now in the

stores, "Princess" and "Westminster," will be available for years to come, the makers

have assured the Commissary Division. The names of collectors and the pieces

they buy will be kept at Balboa and Cris- tobal Commissaries so that gift givers will know the pattern a friend has or wants and

the pieces she has already.

Pianos—in many styles and prices—may

now be bought on special orders Hardware at pri ces t h a t include actual and delivery to your living room—for Houseware -0 percent less than States retail price. Managers of the stores

will tell you more. More refrigerators are expected in March.

LOXG curtain rods to match picture win- dows in new Canal houses are now in the Commissaries. They s-t-r-e-t-c-h from 48 to 83 inches. Refrigerators that resemble a Fibber McGee closet should be equipped with Space Misers, also coming to the Commissaries. They consist of six covered space- saving plastic containers set firmly in a tray that can be pushed in and pulled out without

upsetting every last left-over in the icebox. Rainy day rides can be cooler and drier with plastic visors, coming to the Commissaries, for the tops of car doors. They fit two

and four-door sedans and admit fresh air and light, keeping out drafts and rain.

Surrender, Reflections, Danger, New Horizons are coming to local lassies from France. They're fragrances by Ciro for the long

Leap Year ahead.

Atlantic Side Employee Has 40-Year Service

(Cortinuzd from page 8) of the military

services. While the arrival of distinguished pas- sengers means extra work, most of Cole- man's duties are confined to the regular passengers who give him plenty of worry. An example of this type of worry

occurred recently. A frantic woman pas- senger told him just as the "all ashore"

signal sounded that none of her luggage was in her stateroom. She was assigned

to stateroom "F" and Coleman went

directly to stateroom 7 where he found

the suitcases. The passenger had written the letter "F" on her baggage checks and since that

letter resembles the written numeral "7"

as used commonly in Panama, Coleman

quickly deduced that the Spanish-speaking

porter had mistaken the "F" for a 7. The happy passenger, impressed by his ingenuity, related the incident tirelessly to other passengers from Cristobal to New York.
10 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Lighthouses, Beacons And Buoys Guide

Ships To And Through Panama Canal

The Aids to Navigation people's claim

that the Canal is lighted "just like Broadway" is a slight exaggeration. So far this enterprising outfit, whose

main duties concern all of the lighthouses,

beacons, and buoys which guide mariners

to and through the Panama Canal, has not provided a single electric sign for the entertainment of the public. All through the Canal there is not one

single attraction like Broadway's huge

display which, advertising Bond's clothing,

spills thousands of gallons of water in a never-ending cascade, or a Camel cigarette

sign where a tremendous figure of a man

blows smoke rings clear across the street. But after all, electric signs like that hardly are the Aids to Navigation's job.

Things like these are: When a ship enters the Canal from the Caribbean, the first Canal light its lookout

sees is the flashing beam on the Toro

Point light. Set on top of a 100-foot tower, the light revolves so that ships 20

miles at sea see the beam as a five-second

flash followed by 25 seconds of darkness. Coming Into Port Two miles closer to Cristobal, or 18

miles at sea, the lookout spots the auto- matic acetylene-gas light on the Cristobal

east breakwater and by the time the ship has come within 12 miles of land he has

picked up the west breakwater light, also operated by gas. About the time he sees this west break- water light, he can also spot the first of the Canal's range lights, two fixed and

one occulting.

Occulting lights, which most people

think of merely as flashing lights, have a

longer period of light than of darkness;

flashing lights, technically, have a light

period equal to or shorter than the dark

period.

Once he has spotted the two break- water lights and the range lights, the navigator has an easy time, nautically

speaking. He simply steers a course of 180 degrees true to the lights and there he is -inside the breakwater. The lights at the entrances to the Canal

and along the length of the waterway are not operated by a time clock as are street

lights in some parts of the Canal Zone

and along Broadway too, for all we know.

They are run by a kind of thermostatic

control, a sun valve which is so sensitive that the darkness of a heavy rain will cause the lights to turn on. Blind Man's Device

This system is older than the Canal

itself. Some of the lights installed before the Canal was opened worked on this principle which was developed by a blind Swedish scientist named Delane.

All of the lights are checked and in- spected regularly. In addition, a complete

replacement unit for each type is kept

ready in the main shops at Gatun—just

in case. To the uninitiated who had expected

that the light bulbs used by the Aids

might resemble basketballs, the sight of one is disappointing. Some of them, in the Aids to Navigation's electrical shop

at Gatun where H. H. Keepers checks

flashers, lampchangers, and bulbs, are as small as a Christmas tree light and look not unlike one.

LIGHT from range towers such as this one in the Gatun Lake section helps to guide pilots as they take

ships through the Panama Canal.

The beam of the light, of course, comes

from the reflector behind the bulb and

the tremendously heavy lens. The lenses cost as much as $350 apiece.

The original plan for lighting the Panama Canal was developed in 1911 from a study made by Walter F. Beyer, an engineer detailed from the Lighthouse

Board in Washington. It called for the use of range lights in concrete towers to mark sailing lines on the longer tangents

and of side lights, buoys, and beacons to mark the channel in the approaches and

in Gatun Lake. In 1913 Canal engineers

began to install a system of beacons

through the Cut. These beacon lights, however, had confusing flashing intervals and served to blind rather than guide the pilots and

they were replaced by a system of bank

lights and green center-line range lights. "Street Light" Systems

The Cut lights have fixed beams, except on turns where there are flashing lights, and they are placed between 500 and

1,000 feet apart. Mounted on spindles

about six feet above the water, they are

of such low wattage that they produce no glare.

They are set up in what electricians call an automatic sectionalizing system so that in case of trouble anywhere along the

line—barring a complete power failure -

the maximum distance which would be darkened would be about 1,000 feet, and

even that would be unusual. Sea-going practice calls for a difference

in lights and buoys so that a master knows whether his channel lies to port or starboard. In the Cut, for instance, the

lights on the east bank are white; those on

the west bank are red and the range lights are green. The Canal buoyage follows the United

States system: Red buoys to starboard and black to port, when coming from sea. A ship entering the Canal from the

Atlantic has red buoys on her starboard and black buoys on her port until she

reaches the north end of Pedro Miguel

Locks. From there to the Pacific she is considered to be leaving the Canal and

the red buoys then appear on the port

side and the black to starboard.

762 Aids Maintained

Altogether, in the 45-mile stretch of the Canal between the Cristobal breakwater

and the buoy which marks the Pacific sea terminus and in the waters near the Canal

entrances, the Aids to Navigation maintains 762 various lighthouses, beacons, range lights, and buoys. The black and

white target markers along the Canal are

set up and maintained by the Dredging

Division.

All of the buoys, lighted and unlighted,

are replaced each year if they are in salt water, each four years if they are in brackish Miraflores Lake, and each five years if they are in fresh water.

F. A. Boles, a Senior Machinist sta- tioned at Gatun, is in charge of the gas- operated aids while the electrically operated ones are the charge of J. D. Tate,

the Electrical Supervisor. A record of the buoys and their schedules is kept on a big blackboard on the second floor, of the

Section's Headquarters at Gatun as well

as in a follow-up cardfile. A little-known part of the Aids' job is a kind of Good-Neighbor policy. This is the construction and maintenance of some 60 miles of small boat channels through stump-filled Gatun Lake—highways for the people of the little lakeside towns. Over these channels daily come

boatloads of fruits, vegetables, squealing

pigs, and cackling hens, which often make

the day hideous with their noise when

they are unloaded at the dock near the Aids to Navigation main office. Outlying Lights

Outside the Canal proper the Aids to Navigation maintains lights at San Jose

in the Perlas Group, Bona Island and

Frailes del Sur on the Pacific Side, at Farallon Sucio, a cluster of five small rugged rocks 22 miles from Cristobal and

at Isla Grande, 35 miles from the Atlantic- entrance. The lights at Morro Puercos and at

Jicarita, the latter 220 miles up the coast from Balboa, are serviced by the Aids to Navigation for the Coast Guard.

The light at Isla Grande is the only one which is manned; there four local-rate employees do the lighthouse-keeping.

The light at Cape Mala, approximately

95 miles from Balboa, and the radio bea- con on the mole at Cristobal are operated

by the United States Coast Guard.

Not all of the Aids' aids are as station- ary as the lighthouses and the beacons. The craneboat Toro, whose job it is to service all the buoys, spends much of its time plodding around the Canal, uprooting and replacing the buoys which

look for all the world, with their toppieces off, like giant potato mashers.
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 11

And outside the Canal Zone proper, more than one distressed sailor has had

cause to thank the services of the Taboga, the only seagoing salvage tug on the Isthmus. This sturdy craft is stationed

in Gatun Lake so that she can be ready to dash for either end of the Canal as she is needed.

Taboga To The Rescue The other day she got an emergency

call. The light at Farallon Sucio was out. The call came at 12:25 p. m. The Taboga was into Gatun Locks at 12:40 p. m., on

her way out of the Canal at 1:20 p. m. She bucked dry season winds and rolling seas but finally reached the light, and put

a repair party ashore in a tossing rowboat. The repairmen found that a small

leather diaphram on the sun valve had

failed. The defective valve was replaced, the light relighted, the shore party re- loaded and the return trip made—all in time to get the Taboga back to Cristobal

at 9 p. m. the same day.

More spectacular of course, have been some of the Taboga's salvage operations

at sea. On such operations Capt. Floyd

W. Forrest, Chief of the Section and

salvage master, goes with the Taboga.

He went to sea when he was only 17 years old, served as the master of ocean- going tugs and ships for a number of

firms, including the Merritt-Chapman

Salvage Company, and was a Canal pilot for 19# years before moving to the Aids

to Navigation.

Also aboard the Taboga, if there is reason to think he might be needed, is a

diver. Not long ago the Taboga was dispatched

from Cristobal to bring back to the safety

of Limon Bay the freighter Caribe, out of fuel and, despite her rock ballast, rolling

in the Caribbean.

On the way to the Caribe, the Taboga came on a two-masted schooner which was cast adrift when her towing tug, the

old Bohio, sank 25 miles from the Cris- tobal breakwater. The Taboga towed the schooner into Cristobal, then returned to sea to make connections with the Caribe. More than a year ago the Taboga, then

at work laying a pipeline off the Nica- raguan coast on a special commercial

order, was interrupted in this job to go to the aid of a badly listing lumber ship, the Oregonian.

The Taboga made a tow line secure and

brought the lumber ship, so far over that her starboard rail was almost awash,

safely into Balboa.

JOHN'C. THOMPSON is one of the Aids to Navigation's general handymen. A marine machinist and a Canal employee since 1940, he spends most of

his time hauling buoys out of the water with a big

crane. In between, he relieves other machinists and

even has acted as a "lampist" on occasion.

BARNACLES crust the sides of a big buoy in Balboa harbor as it is raised by the Aids to Navigation Section's craneboat Toro. Buoys such as this, in salt water, are removed every year for cleaning,

repainting, and refitting.

A prime booster for the Aids to Navigation section is Phifer Quinn, one of its original personnel and now its Assistant

Chief. His first job with the section, then

known as the Lighthouse Subdivision, was as a "lampist," or one of the men who

checks the electric and gas apparatus. He

had transferred to this job from a posi- tion as wireman with the Electrical Division in July 1914 after he had helped to

install the wiring and lights in various of the electric aids. All in all, the Aids to Navigation people

believe, what with lights and buoys and

lighthouses and beacons and with the Toro and the Taboga, they are doing a

pretty comprehensive job helping mariners reach and transit the Canal.

(Editors Note: This is the last of a

series of six stories on the men and Divisions who put ships through the Panama Canal.) Ten Years Ago

In January

Zonians were beginning to be accus- tomed to living under wartime conditions.

All over the Canal Zone men turned out

to build temporary air raid shelters of sandbags. One of the shelters on Dohr- mann Street in Balboa collapsed during

the building, injuring one of several men

inside. The Army revealed a plan for the gradual

return of service families to the United

States. Civilian families were offered an

equal priority if they cared to return to the

States. Meanwhile the Governor and the State Department worked together to iron out passport difficultiesfor those Canal Zone

families who were caught in the States by

travel restrictions and who wished to return

to the Isthmus. The street lights went out to stay. Stations were set up by the Canal and

military authorities to cover automobile

headlights with a heavy coating of dull red paint. A model house was set up at Diablo Heights to show householders what shaded lights they could use before

11 p. m. There were no lights at all per- mitted after that hour.

Mail censorship rules were announced

and people became used to not mentioning

in their correspondence such matters as defense, shipping, or the weather, and to not using abbreviations or nicknames in their

letters. Two ship passengers and the vessel's master were fined because the passengers had cameras during a transit. Fines were imposed for night parking on principal

thoroughfares.

Canal and Railroad employees were

cautioned not to talk about the work they were doing. Regulations banning publi- cation of shipping news were extended to

airline information. Tire rationing be- came effective. The first sale of War

Bonds passed the half-million dollar mark.

With all of the Panama Line's ships in military service, the Cristobal ticket office was closed for the duration. Eggs, lettuce, and some fresh vegetables reappeared on

local menus. An appeal was issued for

blood donors, whose names were to be placed on a "ready" list, in case of emergency.

A bid of $46,250,000, submitted by

Samuel R. Rosoff, Ltd. of New York, was

the lowest of three offered for building the new locks at Gatun. Governor Glen E. Edgerton announced that the Third Locks

work had a high priority and that plans

had been made to push the work to completion as rapidly as possible. The new

drill barge, Thor, arrived under tow from

New York, for use on the Third Locks

project. The drill barge was a duplicate

of the Vulcan, which had been delivered

early in 1941.

Steel helmets were issued to local raid wardens. Boxes and buckets of sand for

incendiaries were placed in quarters and

some public buildings. Small boats and

pleasure craft were moved from the Balboa

Yacht Club anchorage. The Navy icas swamped with men wishing to enlist.

The last civilian execution (by hanging)

in the Canal Zone took place December

1, 1920, at Gamboa.
12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Many Vital Canal Problems Considered

By Directors At January Meeting Here

No meeting of its kind has been held in the Canal Zone since the days of the Isthmian Canal Commission nearly 40

years ago which ranked in interest and

importance with the meeting of the Board

of Directors of the Panama Canal Company during the week of January 7. The sessions, held in the Board Room of the Administration Building, extended

over a three-day period and were attended by eight of the thirteen directors. Officers and directors attending were: Governor Newcomer, President of the Company;

Karl R. Bendetsen, Chairman of the Board; Lieutenant Governor Herbert D.

Vogel and W. R. Pfizer, Vice Presidents; James C. Hughes, Secretary; T. Coleman

Andrews, Bernard F. Burdick, Edward D. McKim, Maj. Gen. Julian L. Schlev, and

Daniel E. Taylor. Also attending the meetings were Matthew Robinson and Peter Beasley,

Special Consultants to the Secretary of the Army, who had accompanied Mr.

Bendetsen to the Isthmus a week earlier. Financial affairs of the new Panama

Canal Company occupied a major portion

of the Board's attention. Other subjects

and matters before the Board included: Rents; election of a Finance Director; establishment of a Comptroller's Office; realignment of Company activities; local- rate retirement; Panama Line operations;

reports by Bureau Directors; capital

expenditures; income tax; and functioning

of the New York and Washington Offices. The following summarizes briefly action taken on these important matters: RENTS: The Board authorized the previously approved plan to increase from

100 to 150 percent the surcharge on Canal

housing occupied by personnel engaged in any type commercial activity and a 100

percent surcharge on housing occupied by

personnel in any category other than

Government or commercial. It also ap- proved a 1 00 percent rental increase on the

12-family, type 201 apartment buildings

in Diablo Heights regardless of occupancy. FINANCE DIRECTOR: W.H. Dunlop, who has 25 years of service with the Canal organization and who has been

acting Finance Director since last June, was elected Finance Director and thereby

becomes a general officer of the Company.

COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE: Apian

to establish a Comptroller's Office was ap- proved. Principal functions of the office will be those of the Management Division

plus the development of accounting and

financial policies, including property in- ventories, and establishment of an internal audit system to be administered by the Finance Bureau. The Management Division is a part of the Comptroller's Office and Marc Quinn has been appointed Chief

of the Division. Governor Newcomer was

authorized to select and appoint a Comptroller.

REALIGNMENT OF COMPANY

ACTIVITIES: The Board approved the plan for the realignment of Activities which is described on page 1 of this issue. LOCAL-RATE RETIREMENT: A

retirement plan as proposed by the Canal

Administration was sanctioned and Governor Newcomer was requested to continue his efforts in behalf of this legislation.

PANAMA LINE OPERATIONS: No

action was taken on the question of changing the northern terminus of the Panama Line or changing the schedules,

but Mr. Pfizer and Mr. Taylor were appointed as a committee to study the

Line's operations generally and report

their findings at a later meeting.

BUREAU DIRECTORS' REPORTS:

Most of the second-day sessions were

occupied by hearing reports of various Bureau Directors on the functions and

activities of their units. Each of the direc- tors presented charts and statistical material showing comparisons of unit operations during the first quarters of

this fiscal year and last. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES: Capital items of the 1953 fiscal year were

approved. A list and description of the proposed capital expenditures for the

fiscal year 1954 were presented and several Board members who remained on the Isthmus after the meeting made an on- the-ground inspection of the proposed

items. INCOME TAX: The Board devoted

much attention to this important subject,

and means of possible relief of the burden on employees. No formal action resulted

in view of the question as to whether the problem is within the purview of the Company or the Canal Zone Government.

However, the Governor, as President of the Company, was authorized by the Board to discuss the matter informally

with Bureau of the Budget officials with

a view to developing a solution. WASHINGTON AND NEW YORK

OFFICES: The Governor was authorized

to employ consultants to study functions

of the two offices to determine what

economies may be effected in their operations.

Most of the visiting members of the Board remained on the Isthmus for the week following the Board sessions. Mr.

Taylor left on Wednesday morning to keep a prior business engagement and did not attend the sessions that day. Mr. Andrews left the following day. The

Assistant Secretary of the Army and Mr.

Robinson, Special Consultant, returned to the States on the Panama Liner sailing on

Friday after the meeting, while Mr.

Beasley, the other Special Consultant,

remained on the Isthmus for the entire month of January and sailed today.

Board members who sailed on the Panama Line January 18 were General

Schley, Mr. Pfizer, and Mr. Burdick. Also

sailing that date was Mr. Hughes. Mr. and Mrs. McKim and their two

daughters are still here, spending part of

their winter vacation season on the Isthmus.

MANY CANAL OFFICIALS were at the Panama Railroad station to greet the Directors upon arrival. Left to right: Major Genera! George W. Rice, Health

Director; Governor Newcomer; Colonel Richardson Selee. Civil Affairs Director; Lieutenant Governor Vogel; B. F. Burdick (back to camera); James C. Hughes

greeting E. C. Lombard, Executive Secretary; Lt. Col. Marvin L. Jacobs, Military

Assistant to the Governor, next to motor car; and James C. Marshall, Chief of the Customs, Immigration and Postal Division, extreme right.

ON-THE-SPOT inspections were made by several Board members of Canal installations and proposed improvements. Above are General Schley, Mr. McKim, and Mr. Burdick, left to right, listening to Roy C. Stockhpm, Chief of the Locks Division, explain the multi-million-dollar program to replace electrical equipment in the Locks.
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 13

Canal Company To Go On Break-Even Basis

With Fundamental Changes In Fiscal Status

(Continued from page 1) in the Commercial

Activities, such services and goods will be supplied to all users at rates sufficient to recover operating and maintenance costs, including interest and depreciation on

capital investments. No part of the civil government expense

will be allocated to this group. However,

with the exception of quarters, rate ad- justments will be required in all Service

ARRIVAL IN CRISTOBAL meant greetings and renewal of acquaintances.

At extreme right, the Railroad and Terminals Director and Mrs. E. N. Stokes chat

informally with former Panama Canal Governor and Mrs. Schley.

SERIOUS COMPANY BUSINESS is indicated in the expression on the faces

of Mr. Pfizer and Lieutenant Governor Vogel (right) the two Panama Canal Company Vice Presidents, while Mr. Andrews chats informally with Mr. McKim

(back to camera). E. C. Lombard is seen at extreme left.

Activities units to meet the new operating

conditions. Loss In Quarters Operations

A loss in the operation of quarters is contemplated because rental rates are not

set to cover interest. However, expenses

of operation, maintenance, and depreciation must be covered. This situation will be met by the curtailed maintenance pro- gram which has already been inaugurated

so as to avoid rent increases on older type

houses. The loss on quarters operations

will be apportioned on the basis of occu- paney to units of the Company and Government.

In determining the division of the net

costs of the Canal Zone Government be- tween the Canal and Commercial Activities, the valuation of assets and properties

in each group will be an element of the formula adopted. In recommending this

basis, budget officials took cognizance of the fact that some form of property valuation is used as the basis of taxes for local government throughout the United States. The two important changes reflected in the revised budgets for this fiscal year and

next in no way remove the financial obli- gations imposed on the three main groups, which are that each must be <JSee page 18)

MORE SERIOUS BUSINESS engages the attention of Mr.

Andrews, a member of the Board's Executive Committee and Mr.

Pfizer upon their meeting at the Balboa Heights station.

A LAST MINUTE discussion of Canal Company affairs is being held by

Governor Newcomer, President, and Mr. Bendetsej, Chairman of the Board. The meeting of the two top officials was held on the pier in Cristobal shortly

before Mr. and Mrs. Bendetsea sailed. Mr. Robinson deft) and'Mr. Beasley

(right) attended the Directors' meeting as Special Consultants. Mrs. Bendetsen

is seen chatting with Mr. Beasley.
14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Forty Years Ago In January Visitors included 110 members of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers

who arrived in two groups, spent six days

on the Isthmus; Lt. General Sir Robert

Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scout movement, and Mabel Boardman, Chair- man of the National Red Cross Executive

Committee. She spoke at the National

Theater in Panama.

A move was darted to form a provisional

regiment on the Isthmus, similar to the National Guard in the State*. Directors of

the movement hoped to get enough volunteers

to form at least one regiment of infantry and

one mounted troop.

MIDWAY between the old and the hot was the Cristobal fire station 40 years ago. When this photograph was taken in August I'M J motor equipment was (in order to replace the remainder of the horse-drawn engines. The "new reinforce;! concrete building" had just been completed.

Work on the Canal was proceeding

apace. On January 27, 1912, over 77

percent of the concrete for the locks was

in place; at Gatun Locks 89 percent had

been laid. The first consignment of towing track —60 sections of rack track, each section six feet in length had

arrived for Gatun Locks. Installation had

been started on the east side wall.

Reclamation of swamp lands between the Canal channel and the Railroad, from

Miraflores to Corozal, wan proceeding from

the north. The lowlands were briny raised by means i f

silt pumped from the hydraulic

excavation south of Miraflores Locks. Else- where on the Canal Zone advancing construction caused cancellation of the lease if

a rum distillery near Gorgona.

The Canal Zone was going modern. Water from the new filtration plant at Agua Clara Reservoir, which supplied the

villages of Gatun, New Gatun, and Spill- way, was turned into the mains. Carts which had delivered distilled water from

door to door ever since there were American homes, were dispensed with.

The Webb Motor Fire Apparatus Co. of

St. Louis wa' given the award for two auto- mobile fire pumps and trucks at $8,000 each. Requisition was made far the purchase of an

Boy Scouts In The Canal Zone Celebiate

Continued from page/,) all over the world.

International Boy Scouts

In 1947 the International Boy Scouts were organized on the Canal Zone to pro- vide Scouting for alien boys. Governor Newcomer is also Honorary President of the International Scouts, William Jump

is the International Scout Council's presi- dent and Raymond George serve; as Scout Executive. This organization proudly flies three

flags these of the United States, of Panama, and of Great Britain. They were

i ted at a ceremony held on Arm i ibice Day 1949, at La Boca." Every local-rate community on the Canal Zone has an International Boy

Scout Unit. Altogether, there are five Explorer Units, nine Scout Troops, and 10 Cub Packs all with a total membership

of 451. Close to 200 adults, including the men who serve on the troop committees,

work with the boys. At the present time, the International Scouts are attempting to set up a summer

camp, similar to that of the Boy Scouts

of America.

automobile tractor and supplementary pair

of wheels to be substituted for horses in drawing the No. S Sitsby fire engine at Cristobal. It teas to be capable of going 25

miles an hour on level road and 10 miles an

hour up a 10-percent grade.

Names were given to forts inside the Canal Zone. They were Grant (at Amador

and the Fortified Islands) for President U. S. Grant; Amador, for the first Presi- dent of Panama, Dr. Manuel Amador

Guerrero; Sherman for Gen. William

Tecumseh Sherman; Randolph for Maj.

Gen. Wallace F. Randolph; and DeLesseps for Count Ferdinand DeLesseps,

promoter of the Panama Canal.

EMPLOYEE representatives attending the Governor-Employee Conference

recently requested publication, in The Panama Canal Review, of the Medical TarrT. The first sections were printed in the December and January

issues. The remaining tables appear in this issue.

TABLE 3

CHARGES FOR DENTAL TREATMENT AT ALL DENTAL CLINICS

OPERATED BY THE HEALTH BUREAU AND BY

DISTRICT DENTISTS

1. Dental X-Rays:

a(b)

2. Fillim

(a)' lb)

(c) (d)

(e)

Single film Each additional film (No charge to employees of the Panama

Canal Company or Canal Zone Govern- ment for diagnostic purposes at the request of a physician, or on account of injury in line of duty).

Amalgam

Porcelain (synthetic) Gold inlay (not included in bridge).

Temporary or cement base

Acrylic inlay.

Salary Groups

Groups land 2 Gr

,0UP^V

SO. 75

.IS

3. Extractions and Oral Surgery:

(a) Tooth extractions—local anesthetic

ili) Tooth extractions—general anesthetic

li) Removal of impacted teeth, each

(d) Alveolectomy, partial

(e) Alveolectomy, complete

(f) 'Tumor or cyst, removal of or similar opera tion

(g) ( jum resection, single arch

h Tooth erupting, lancing of

iii Fracture, reduction of, maxilla or mandible

(j) Wiring of jaw or application of splint, following fr icture

i k i Alis-ess, incision and drainage

(I) Apicoectomy

4. Crou ns:

(a) Gold, all types

I li I Porcelain jacket crown

(c) Acrylic crowns

(d) Crown, repair of

5. Bridgework, fixed:

(a) Units of fixed bridgework (gold or gold

and porcelain)

lii All porcelain or acrylic bridges, per unit.

(c) Bridges, repair of

(d ) Replace broken facings, bridge

6. Bridgework, Gold, Vitallium, Ticonium, or

similar metal:

(a) Cast removable bridgework, per unit

1.50 to 3.00

1.50 to 3.00

5.00 to 10.00

.75 to 1.50 3.00 to 10.00

1.50 3.00 to 5.00

2.00 to 5.00

2.00

5.00 to 8.00

-1.00 to 8.00

5.00 to 8.00

1.00 to 2.00

5 and 6

SI. 50

.50

2.50 to 5.00

2.50 to 5.00

5.00 to 20.00

1.50 to 3.00

5.00 to 15.00

2.50

5.00 to 10.00 5.00 to 15.00 3.00

10.00 to 15.00

10.00 to 15.00 10.00 to 15.00 2.00 to 5.00

U00 to 10.00 5.00 to 25.00

5.00 to 10.00

2.00 5.00 to 8.00

5.00 to 12.00 5.00 to 12.00

5.00 to 12.00 2.00 to 5.00

5.00 to 12.00

5.00 to 12.00

2.00 to 12.00

1.50 to 3.00

5.00 tc 25.00

3.00

10.00 to 15.00

12.00 to 20.00

15.00 to 35.00

15.00 to 35.00

3.00 to 6.00

10.00 to 25.00

10.00 to 40.00

2.00 to 35.00

3.00 to 5.00

5.00 to 18.00 3.00 to 25.00

I Iniup 1—$0.50 hourly or $86 per month or les?. Group 2—$0.51 to $U0 hourly or $86.01 to $225 per month. Croup 3—$1.31 to $2.30 hourly or $225.01 to $400 per month.

( Jroup 4—$2.31 to $2.87 hourly or $400.01 to $500 per month. Group 5—S2.88 hourly or $500.01 per month or more. Group 6—Pavate pay patients.
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15

TABLE 3—Continued LOW INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS

7. Dentures:

(a) Full upper or lower, Vulcanite, each

(b) Full upper or lower, Acrylic, each

(c) Partial denture, Vulcanite

(d) Partial denture, Acrylic

(e) Lingual or palatal bar

(f) Re-base denture

(g) Denture, repair

8. Oral Prophylaxis and Treatment of Gum Conditions:

(a) Oral prophylaxis, adult, per sitting

(b) Oral prophylaxis, children

(c) Gingivitis, treatment for, per sitting

(d) Gingivitis, Vincentis treatment for, per

sitting

(e) Pyorrhea, treatment for, per sitting

(f) Sodium fluoride prophylaxis for prevention of dental caries, series of treatment-.

9. Root Canal Work:

(a) Devitalization and removal of pulp

(b) Root canal treatment

(c) Root canal filling 10. Orthodontia Appliances and Treatments:

(a ) Appliances, each

(b) Orthodontia treatments, per month

1 1

.

Miscellaneous:

(a) Treatments, pre- or post-operative, per

sitting

(b) Occlusion balanced

(c) Various minor operations

(d) Gold dummies on dentures

(e) Re-cement crown or inlay

(f

)

Re-cemen t bridge

(g) Crown, removal of

(h) Bridge, removal of

(i) Anesthesia, local for cavity preparation^.

(j) Emergency treatment for relief of pain,

for conditions not specifically included above

(k) Treatment for unusual or rare conditions

not covered above

(1) Professional visit at home of patient or

office consultation

Salary Groups

Groups 1 and 2 Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6

$20.00 to 30.00 25.00 to 50.00

15.00 to 50.00 25.00 to 50.00

10.00 to 15.00 5.00 to 15.00

2.00 to 10.00

1.00 to 2.00

1.00 to 2.00

1.00

1 .00 1.00 to 2.00

5.00

1.50 to 3.00

1.00

1.00

15.00 to 25.00

5.00

.25 to .50 2.00

1.00 to 5.00

6.00

1.00 to 2.00

1.00 to 2.00

.50 to 1.00 1.00 to 2.00

.75

1.00

$40.00 to 50.00

50.00 to 70.00 30.00 to 60.00 50.00 to 90.00

10.00 to 15.00

15.00 to 30.00

4.00 to 15.00

2.00 to 5.00

2.00 to 3.00 2.00

2.00

2.00 to 3.00

5.00 to 10.00

3.00 to 5.00

2.00

2.00

25.00 to 50.00

10.00

1.00 to 1.50 3.00

3.00 to 15.00

10.011 1.00 to 2.00 to

1.00 to

2.00 to 1.00

3.00

5.00

2.00 4.00

2.00

Estimated, with approva of Health Director. Same as out-patient medical

charge.

Note: A unit is defined as each attachment to a natural tooth and each artificial tooth making up a bridge or cast.

Items 3f, i, j, k, and 11(c), free to employees of Panama Canal Company

and Canal Zone Government.

TABLE 4 FUNERAL SERVICES

SALARY

GROUPS

Coffins, p

caskets

j ma- and

tion urns

Embalming

Lining

and

sealing

of caskets

for

ship- ment

Storage

of body

in refriger- ator, per day

Hearse

Inter- ment

Groups 1 and 2_ . Actual

cost, plus $15.00

10%

$15.00 Actualcost, plus

10%

$2.50 $10.00 $7.00

Groups 3, 4, and 5 Actual

cost, plus 25.00 20%

Actual

25.00 cost, plus

20%

2.50 15.00 40.00

Actual

cost, plus 50.00 50%

Actual

50.00 cost. dIus 5.00 25.00 50.00

SO',

Notes: 1. All costs incident to funeral services are free to employees of the Panama

Canal Company and Canal Zone Government, provided the cost of funeral service for Local Rate employees does not exceed $50.00. Funeral

services include: Cost of embalming; cremation; interment; coffin, casket, or urn ; refrigerator storage and hearse.

2. No charge will be made for body held in storage for the convenience of hospital or medico-legal authorities, or when body is disposed of prior to 4:00 p. m. on date of death.

3. Transportation of body other than to cemeteries: Truck transportation

within the Canal Zone or to a railroad station, $5.00 per trip; truck

transportation to points outside of the Canal Zone, $10.00.

4. Personnel and beneficiaries of other Government Agencies will be charged

the rate shown for Groups 3, 4, and 5.

[Continued from, paje 8) of the Canal Zone Government and the Medical Department of the Army. The Army has

installed two photofluorographic machines

and provides for their maintenance and

repair. The Health Bureau supplies the

films and personnel for conducting the program. The Bureau's Division of Pre- ventive Medicine schedules the groups for the examination.

All Employees X-Rayed

To date, all employees of the Canal Zone Government, the Panama Canal

Company and all civilian employees of the Army have had chest X-rays made.

Last month all college, high school, and

junior high school students were X-rayed.

Other groups will follow and it is expected

that these will include families. Some will be X-rayed annually and others at

intervals of two or three years. Richard L. Wright and Louise Goldson

take and develop all the X-ray pictures

and keep the necessary day-to-day rec- ords. The films are developed at Gorgas

Hospital and interpreted by the Chief of the Chest Service. The consolidated rec- ords are maintained by Mrs. Tuba Pinilla of the Chest Service. Each person X-rayed receives a report

of his examination. If the film shows a completely normal chest, the individual is so advised for his own assurance.

If the film suggests the need for a fur- ther examination, this is so arranged. This

usually requires at least another X-ray

and in some instances means a visit or repeated visits to the Chest Service at

either Gorgas or Colon Hospital. When

indicated, hospitalized observation and

treatment are advised.

All examinations are made without

charge but the hospitalization, when

needed, is in accord with applicable rules

of the Medical Tariff. Financial aid, if necessary, is supplied by the Canal Zone

Chapter of the American Tuberculosis

Association with funds derived from the annual sale of Christmas seals.

Started With Two-Fold Purpose

The program was started with a twofold purpose: 1, To determine the extent

of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Canal

Zone, and 2, to find cases in the early

stages of the disease when an early diagnosis means an early cure. Since tuberculosis is a communicable

disease, it is important that open cases be isolated from fellow workers and fellow members of the household and that all possible efforts be expended in order to get the patient well as soon as possible.

The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in some cases takes many months,

but with the modern facilities of Colon

and Gorgas Hospitals—including not only

specially trained physicians and nurses, but also the antibiotics, particularly strep- tomycin and PAS (para-amino-salicylic

acid), and surgery in selected cases -the period of hospitalization is not nearly so long as it was several years ago. Both Gorgas and Colon Hospitals have

established out-patient clinics for the management of cases that do not need

further hospitalization.

BCG (Bilie Calmette Guerin—a vaccine which has been used in Scandinavian

countries for years) vaccination of newborn infants has been a practice of the Panama and Colon Health Offices for the past two years and recently (See page W)
16 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

THIS MONTHS CALENDAR

FEBRUARY

1st—V.F.W. Post Xo. 3857, New Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. American Legion, Post No. 6, Gamboa,

7:30 p. m. 2d -Track Foremen, No. 157, Balboa B & B Shops.

4th Postal F.mployees, No. 23160, Bal- boa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m. Pedro Miguel Civic Council, Union

Church, 7 p. m. Cristobal-Margarita Civic Council,

Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. V.F.W., Post No. 727. Fort Clayton,

7:30 p. m. V.F.W., Post No. 3822. Curundu Road.

7:30 p. m. American Legion, Post No. 3, Gatun,

7:30 p. m. 5th—Gamboa Civic Council, Community Center, 7:30 p. m. Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Clubhouse, 7:30 p m. Teachers, No. 228, Cristobal High

School Auditorium, 3:30 p. m.

<>th V.F.W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of C.

Hall, 7:30 p. m. Isthmian Nurses Association, Diablo Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. 7th—Carpenters, No. 667, Margarita

Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m.

10th Plumbers, No. 606, Balboa Lodge

Hall, 9:30 a. m.

Pipefitters, Margarita Clubhouse, 9:30

a. m. Sheetmetal Workers, No. 157, Balboa

Clubhouse, 9:30 a. m. 11th—American Legion, Post No. 1, Balboa, 7:30 p. m. Machinists, No. 699, Margarita K. of C.

Hall, 7:30 p. m. 12th—V.F.W. , Post No. 100, Old Boy

Scout Building, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. American Legion, Post No. 7, Fort

Clayton, 7:30 p. m. American Legion Auxiliary, No. 1, Balboa, 7:30 p. m.

Electrical Workers, No. 397, W'irz Memorial Building, 7:30 p. m.

13th—Pacific Civic Council, Board Room,

Administration Building, 7:30 p. m. American Legion, Post No. 2, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. Carpenters, No. 913, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m. 15th—V.F.W., Post No. 3857, New Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. 17th—C.L.U.-M.T.C, Balboa Lodge Hall, 8:30 a. m. 18th—Electrical Workers, No. 677, Gatun

Masonic Temple, 7:30 p. m.

19th Operating Engineers, No. 595, Margarita K. of C. Hall, 7 p. m. 20th—AJF.G.E., No. 14, Balboa Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. V.F.W., Post No. 40, Balboa K. of C.

Hall, 7:30 p. m. American Legion Auxiliary, No. 3, Gatun, 7:30 p. in. Teachers, No. 227, Balboa High School

Library, 7 p. m.

21st —American Legion Auxiliary, No. 6'

< ianiboa, 7:30 p. m. 22d—Washington's Birthday—Holiday

25th—V.F.W. Auxiliary, Post 3822, Post Home, 7:30 p. m. Machinists, No. 699. Margarita K. of C.

Hall, 7:30 ... m. 26th—American Legion, Post No. 7. Fort Clayton, 7:30 p. m. Operating Engineers, No. 595, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7 o. m. V.F.W., Post No. 100, Old Boy Scout

Building. Cristobal. 7:50 p. in. 27th—American Legion Auxiliary, No. 2, Cristobal, 7:30 d. m. A.F.G.E., No. 88', Margarita Clubhouse,

7:30 p. in. 28th—Governor-Employee Conference,

Board Room, Administration Building,

2 p. in. 29th—Blacksmiths, No. 400 (affiliated with Boilermakers, No. 463 and 471) Margarita K. of C. Hall, 7:30 p. m. MARCH

1st—Track Foremen, No. 157, Balboa B & B Shops.

3d—Postal Employees, No. 25160, Bal- boa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. in. Pedro Miguel Civic Council, Union

Church, 7 p. m. Cristobal-Margarita Civic Council,

Margarita Clubhouse, 7:50 p. in. V.F.W., Post No. 727, Fort Clayton,

7:30 p. m. V.F.W., Post No. 3822, Curundu Road,

7:30 p. m. American Legion, Post No. 3, Gatun,

7:30 p. m. 4th—Gamboa Civic Council, Community Center, 7:30 p. m. Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. 5th—V.F.W. Post No. 40, Balboa K. of C.

Hall. 7:50 p. m. Isthmian Nurses Association, Diablo Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. 6th—Carpenters, No. 667, Margarita

Clubhouse, 7:30 p. in.

February Sailings

From Cristobal

Aneon _ _ February 1 Panama _ February 8

Cristobal . _ _ _ February 1

5

Ancon ..February 22 From New York

Cristobal .

.

February 6 Ancon . _ February 1

3

Panama . . . February 21

1

Cristobal . . February 27

December 15 Through January 15

The following list contains the names of those U. S.-rate employees who were trans- Irom one division to another or from

one type of work to another. It does not

contain within-grade promotions or re- gradings or the long list of those who were

transferred to the Maintenance Division from the former Building and Municipal

Divisions because ..I the consolidation of two divisions into the Maintenance

I (ivision.ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Mrs. Grayce L. Nadeau, from Clerk

(Typist), Gorgas Hospital to Clerk-Stenographer, Administrative Branch.

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Mrs. Lucille P. Reece, from Substitute

tier to Elementarv School Teacher. Ray B. Wells, from Clerk, Police Division, to Clerk, Fire Division. Calvin L. Geiswite, from Utility Operator, Maintenance Division, to Policsm in Police Division. Michael Zombory, from Clerk (Typist) Administrative Branch, to Clerk ( I \ pist ), Police Division. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

BUREAU

Fred W. Morrill, from Safety Engineer,

Safety Branch, to Surveying and Carlo- graphic Engineer, Surveys Branch. Roy D. Reece, from Chief, Construction and Maintenance Branch, to Assistanl

Electrical Engineer, Electrical Division. Mario Calleja, from Civil Engineering

Aid, Municipal Division, to Surveying

and Cartographic Engineer, Engineering

I >i\ ision. Curtis L. Mullins, from Utility Operator to Tractor-Bulldozer Operator, Maintenance Division.

ANNIVERSARIES

Employees who observed important anniversaries during the month of January are

listed alphabetically below. The number of years includes all Government service, with

ihe Canal or other agencies. those with continuous Canal or Railroad service are

indicated with (*).

40 YEARS

Gregor Gramlich, Master, Dipper

I tre.lge Las Cascadas. Joseph B. Higginbotham, Motor In- spector, Fire Division. John E. Ridge, Boilermaker, Industrial

1 >i\ ision.

,*5 YEARS

*Edward R. Japs, Assistant Superintendent, Division ol Storehouses,

James McKeown, Foreman Rodman,

.Maintenance Division.

(0 YEARS

Walter E. Benny, Mechanical Supervisor, Electrical Division. Homer V. Crooks, Sergeant, Police

Division. William J. Dorgan, Foreman, Electrical Division. John H. Ward, Lockmaster, Locks Division. 25 YEARS

Alva H. Cooke, Safety Inspector, Dredging Division. Walter G. Laurie, Assistant Foreman,

Marine Bunkering Plant. Anthony C. Maggiori, Lock Operator, Locks Division. Mrs. Gretchen E. Melanson, Commissary Assistant, Commissary Division. Marc Quinn, Chief, Management Division. Ray B. Wells, Clerk, Fire Division.

20 YEARS

James A. Brooks, Storekeeper Checker,

Terminals Division. Robert Cole, Clerk, Health Bureau. Paul W. Colby, Architectural Designer,

Engineering I Kvision. John C. De Young, Gas Plant Operator.

*Elmer F. Forbes, Jr., Moving Picture Operator, Clubhouse Division. Carleton F. Hallett, Fireman, Fire

I >i\ ision. Florence M. Peterson, Clerk-Typist,

Finance Bureau. William F. Robinson, Commissary

Manager, Commissary Division.

15 YEARS

Bruce A. Chance, Pumpman and Tractor-Bulldozer Operator, Maintenance Division. Howard L. Clarke, Jr., Rigger and

Diver, Industrial Bureau. Matthew A. Gabric, Pharmacist, Gorgas Hospital.

William M. Martin, Lock Operator,

Wireman, Locks Division. Rose A. McGuigan, Voucher Examiner,

Finance Bureau. Paul W. Morgan, N-Rav Technician, Health Bureau. David C. Rose, Special Postal Clerk. Louis H. Schmidt, Jr., Cash Accounting

Clerk, Commissary Division. Elmer B. Stevens, Chief, Structural Branch, Engineering Division.

Frank Turman, Paul E. Whitaker,

William J. Leddy, from Plumbing Inspector, Municipal Division, to Plumbing In- spector, Contracts and Inspection Division. Frank R. Shea, from Chief Plumbing

Inspector, Municipal Division, to Chief Plumbing Inspector, Contracts and Inspection Division. Clarence H. True, from Supervising Construction Inspector, Contracts and In- spection Division, to Structural Engineer,

Engineering 1 Hvision. James F. Ahearn, from Foreman

Plumber, Building I 'ivision, to Plumbing In- spector, Contracts and Inspection Division FINANCE BUREAU

Ernest H. Terry, from Accounting Clerk, Building Division, to Accounting Clerk (Check Writer), Fiscal Division. William H. Dunlop, from Chief, Management Division, and Budget Coordinator,

to Finance I lirector. (See next page)

•
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 17

STATISTICS ON CANAL TRAFFIC

For the purpose of the fiscal year 1938 comparison between pre-war and post-war traffic through the Panama Canal, statistics for are used in this section, as being more nearly normal for peace time than those for 1939. Panama Agencies Predates Canal Opening

An important part of any business is the

liaison between that company and its cus- tomers. For the Panama Canal Company

the liaison men are the shipping agents, who

handle the million and one details of shipping

which are not directly concerned with the

transit itself. One of the oldest of the Canal Zone agencies is Panama Agencies Company.

Although Panama Agencies Company

was established in 1911 as a direct subsidiary

company of W. R. Grace & Company, with

offices in Cristobal, Balboa, and Panama,

the parent company's contacts with the Isthmus date back to 1848. Today the lines handled by Panama Agencies pav tolls of close to S6,000,OCO annually.

In addition to the toll payments of nearly

$6,000,000, other payments to the Canal

organization for cargo handling, Commissary supplies, wharfage, and repairs amount

to a considerable sum each year. Payments to Panamanian merchants for supplies and service rendered to vessels under the direction of Panama Agencies

total $350,000 to 8400,000 annually. This,

of course, is in addition to the direct income

from passengers shopping in the Republic's

stores.

Oil, Lumber Handled

Other activities of Panama Agencies in- clude the handling of fuel and Diesel oil through an affiliated company. Arrow Oil Company, with storage tanks in Cristobal and Balboa. Through the Panama office a considerable quantity of lumber is sold to construction firms and lumber yards of Panama. Steamship passage can be arranged

to practically every part of the world on

vessels handled by Panama Agencies.

The present business activities of this firm require the services of 79 employees in its three offices. The manager is Albert G.

Deisz, who has been in the Canal Zone for 11 years and has had over 20 years of service with the Grace organization's San Francisco,

New York, and Canal Zone offices. His

assistant, Daulton Mann, Jr., is a new- comer to the Isthmus He arrived here last June with several years of shipping experi- ence behind him. His father was executive

vice president of the Grace Line for many

years. The Balboa office is under the direc- tion of Arthur E. Erb who holds a Master's

license and whose background includes time

at sea for the Grace Line. The earliest Isthmian contacts of the Grace Line were with the Pacific Mail Steamship Company and were indirect at that time—W. R. Grace and Company later acquired an interest in Pacific Mail—but

they did serve to establish a lasting interest

in the affairs of commerce and industry in this area for W. R. Grace and Company and

its affiliates.

A LANDMARK on Steamship Row in Old Cristobal is the Panama Agencies Building. The

Agencies' Balboa office is on the second floor of the Port Captain's Building. The Cristobal office was built in 1931, 20 years after the Panama Agencies Company was established on the Isthmus as a direct subsidiary of W. R. Grace and Company.

Taboga Was Water Supply

During this early period, about 1850, property on Taboga Island was acquired

mainly for supplying water to the Pacific Mail vessels. This property was used as a water supply until the opening of the Panama Canal. Later this same general area was a V. S. Naval base and still later became a recreational area under the control

of the Panamanian Government. Between 1911 and the opening of the Panama Canal in August 1914 the main

duties of the Panama Agencies Companywere the handling of vessels bringing "Grace" lumber for the building program of the Isthmian Canal Commission. The green and white colors on these old quarters were

the same as the green and white of the Grace

Line stacks. Four of the vessels put through the Canal on August 16, 1914, the first day for actual commercial transits, were owned by the American-Hawaiian Line whose ships are now handled by Panama Agencies. These

first ships were the Pennsylvanian and

Arizonian. from San Francisco to New York,

and the Missourian and the Nebraskan,

from New York to the Pacific. (Another

ship of the American-Hawaiian Line, the Nevadan, won the distinction last April 26

of being the 150,000th ship to transit the Canal.) Another early transit of the Canal was made a few days after the opening by

the Grace Line's Santa Catalina.

Handles Large Percentage

Since the opening of the Panama Canal,

Panama Agencies Company has consistently handled a large percentage of its commercial

traffic. For instance, in 1918 approximately

20 percent of the overall Canal traffic was

handled by Panama Agencies.

During World War I, the agencies handled

at the Canal all Grace Line and Johnson

Line vessels and many smaller lines, in addition to the many ships operated by W. R. Grace & Company for the United States Shipping Board.

In the next two decades, Panama Agencies

Company steadily grew, becoming repre- sentatives here for many of the important Lr . S. flag steamship (See page 20)

PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

{Continued from page 16)

Howard M. Fuller, from Accounting

Clerk, Accounting Division, to Accounting

Clerk, Audit Division. HEALTH BUREAU

Mrs. Griselda H. Ferrabone, from Nurse

to Nurse (Anesthesia), Gorgas Hospital. INDUSTRIAL BUREAU

Andrew Bleakley, from Shiptitter, Leader, to Shiptitter Leadingman, Shop Section, Production Division. David E. Coffey, from Shiplitter to Shipfitter Leader and Loftsman, Shops Section, Production Division. MANAGEMENT DIVISION Marc P. Quinn, from Assistant Chief to Chief. MARINE BUREAU

Rudolph A. Gangle, from Fleet Machinist, Dredging Division, to Lock Operator, Machinist, Pacific Locks. Ernest M. Krueger, from Machinist,

Dredging Division, to Lock Operator, Machinist, Pacific Locks.

John I. Frank, from Machinist, Industrial Bureau, to Fleet Machinist, Dredging

Division. Clarence M. Chambliss, from Pilot-in- Training to Probationary Pilot, Navigation

Division. Gerald E. Cooper, from Operator,

Tractor-Bulldozer, to Mate, Dipper Dredge,

Dredging Division. Raymond S. Europer, from Chief Towboat Engineer, Dredging Division, to Chief Towboat Engineer, Navigation Division. William Hannigan, Jr., from Wireman,

Electrical Division, to Electrician, Aids to Navigation Section.

Irl R. Sanders, from Tunnel Operator,

Wireman, to Junior Control House Operator, Atlantic Locks.

Leslie W. Croft, from Lock Operator,

Wireman, to Tunnel Operator, Wireman,

Atlantic Locks. Donald J. Grimm, from Wireman, Electrical Division, to Lock Operator, (Wireman), Pacific Locks. Norman R. Hallock, from Pump Operator to Tractor-Bulldozer Operator, Dredging

Division.

RAILROAD AND TERMINALS BUREAU

Mrs. Marion E. Middlebrook, from

Clerk Typist, License Section, to Clerk

Typist, Terminals Division. SAFETY BRANCH

Hayward H. Shacklett, from Safely

Inspector, Commissary Division, to Safety

Engineer, Safety Branch. SUPPLY AND SERVICE BUREAU

Mrs. Esther A. Bullock, from Cashier

to Cash Accounting Clerk, Commissary

Division. RETIREMENTS IN JANUARY

Employees who retired at the end of January, their birthplaces, titles, length of service at retirement, and their future addresses are: Julius H. Bornefeld, Texas; Lock

Operator, Machinist, Gatun Locks; 31

years, 6 months and 22 days; Houston, Tex. Ora F. Henderson, Iowa; Watchmaker,

Industrial Bureau; 36 years, 6 months and

24^ days; Gamboa.

Wayne H. Nellis, South Dakota; Lock

Operator, Wireman Leader, Gatun Locks;

27,years, 7 months, 28 days; Burbank, Calif.
18 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952

Canal Company To Go On Break Even Basis

{Continued from paje 13) on at least a break even basis. This means, in effect, that the price of eggs in the Commissaries will not be

affected by any change in f he rate of Canal tolls. Groups On Individual Basis

While each of the main groups—Canal,

Commercial, and Services—is required to stand on its own feet, financially speaking,

the units composing the three categories

are not required to do so individually. If,

for example, within the Services group some unit fails to collect enough revenue

to meet all its expenses, this deficit must

be offset by income from the others. This condition is of particular signifi- cance in the Commercial Activities where some units are unlikely to produce suffi- cient additional revenue or effect enough

economy in operations to meet their fair share of expenses. Under present operating conditions it

is not expected that the rate of tolls on

shipping will have to be increased to meet

budget obligations.

The additional revenue required by

Service Activities to meet budget require- ments in the coming fiscal year will amount to slightly over $700,000. The

increases for the last four months of this

fiscal .year are estimated at $150,000. , Revenue of units in the Commercial

Activities will be increased by an esti- mated $1,814,100 next year, and $400,000

between March 1 and July 1 of this year.

Results Are Estimated

These figures are estimates based on the judgment as to business which may be

anticipated and to which increased rates

will be applied after March 1. There is no

assurance that the indicated goals will be met and this condition is indicated in the Panama Canal Company's budget as transmitted to Congress. Careful consideration was given by

the Board of Directors at the last meeting

to the types of adjustments in the various

rates necessary to meet the new operating

conditions and place the Canal Company

on a break-even basis.

FINANCES AND QUARTERS

(Continued from pigeS) in matters of supervision and who attended the Conference, was holding "conferences with a great number of employees at different

levels." One of Dr. Beach's subjects, he

added, was that of "communications," or how best to get information to the employees.

Those attending the conference were:

the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, Mr. Doolan, and Forrest Dunsmoor, for the Administration; Dr. Beach as an

observer, and the following employee

representatives:

J. J. Tobin; Carl W. Hoffmeyer; O. J. Corrigan, Walter Wagner and Albert

Saarinen, for the Central Labor Union;

F. J. Moumblow and C. W. Hammond,

ral Committee of Civic Councils; R. C. Daniels, Railway Conductors; H. J. Chase and Rufus Lovelady for the A. F.- G. E.; Andrew Lieberman, Marine

Engineers; J. L. Hummer, Machinists; R. L. Hileman, Cristobal-Margarita Civic

Council; R. F. Ralph, Gatun Civic

Council; William Ward, Gamboa Civic Council; J. H. Jones, Pedro Miguel Civic Council and Charles Garcia, Pacific Civic

Council.

Principal commodities shipped through the Canal

(All figures in long tons)

Figures in parentheses in 1938 and 1951 columns indicate

relative positions in those years PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC

Commodity

Ores, various Lumber

Wheat

Nitrate Canned food products

Metals, various. Bananas

Mineral oils Sugar

Refrigerated food products (ex cept fresh fruit) Copra

Coffee Dried fruit Raw cotton Scrap metal

All others

Total

Second Quarter, Fiscal Years

195?

936,585

829,215

413,053

370,334

285,351

204,389

182,532

166,515

158,607

95,533

66,016

44,176

38,963

38,368

7.517 779,083

4,616,237

1951

897,932

831,250

195,103

342,214

320,969

159,754

135,714

251,930

151,442

(O

(2)

(4)

(5)

(6) (8)

(9)

(3)

(7)

92,358 (10) 74,618 (11) 40,206 (12) 41,807 (19) 42,089 (15) 38,842 (23) 638,865

4,255,093

1938

524,191

671,973

217,658

306,890

303,166

179,591

4,911 665,884

302,617

(3)

(2)

(7)

(5)

(6) (8) (29)

(1)

(4)

64,079 (10) 33,454 (18) 33,884 (16) 120,664 (12) 32,369 (20) 1,928 (*) 920,582

4,383,841

* Not ranked in 1938—included in "all others." ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC

Commodity

Mi neral oils Coal and coke Manufactures of iron and steel Phosphites

Sugar

Paper and paper products

Raw cotton Automobiles and parts Machinery , Sulphur

Tinplate

Cement

Metals, various Ammonium compounds

Canned food products

All others

Total

Second Quarter, Fiscal Years

1952

909,773

410,689

381,639

187,657

124,311 107,185

98,985

97,693

70,287 68,856

67,395

57,850

36,957

30,964

26,810

922,321

3,599,372

1951

(1)

(3) (2)

(4) (7)

(5)

(6)

416,682

216,151

410,886

82,313

139,782

104,888

82,597

62,271 (10) 52,261 (11) 84,634 (9) 48,019 (13) 45,757 (15) 53,326 (12) 59,646 (14) 32,924 (17) 782,257

2,674,394

1938

287,537 (3) 37,108 (14) 479,661 (1) 71,763 (6) 971 (31) 94,572 (5) 18,155 (13) 81,751 (9) 40,773 (10) 101,599 (7) 54,507 (8) 37,256 (11) 118,833 (4) 15,806 (22) 38,451 (15) 807,657

2,286,400

Canal commercial traffic by na tionality of vessels

Second Quarter of Fiscal Years

1952 1951 1938

Nationality Number of transits

Tons

of cargo

Number of transits

Tons

of cargo

Number of transits

Tons

of cargo

3 297

115 25

347

31

1 36

1 19 115

1523

British . 1,871,704 50,899

40,252

29,926

16,676 235,345

26,451 2,200 153,920

9,400

163,541

139,349

258

11219

2 46

70

1,677,177 57,079

15,750

17,263 594

158,473

24,079

297

1

1,447,720 6,127

Colombian

Costa Rican_. -- 56 220,973

27 148,543 28

83

19

13

163,965

384,808

25

93

196,314

123,537

82,437

Honduran.. — 869

13,235

26

1729

22

1 23

434

3,070

80,710

154,169

67,049

Irish 18

?

2437

2 11556

126

4

80,627 13 46,192

Japanese 15,308

13,243 12,747 144,295 501 459,235

273,611

30,870

37,319

72 418,523

Netherlands- — 135,513 74 205,439

Norwegian

Panamanian

Peruvian

Philippine

Portuguese

210

91

6

74

861,976

491,110

1,986 40,216

11,656

15139

1

795,486

94,155

1,148

18,444

2 4,990

5 36

2 535

6

25,395

168,738

12.566 3,400,570

10,259

4

37

16,003 160,864 27 180,032

United States 520

6 3,241,068

6,543 464 2,583,090

4 21,052

Total 1,596 8,215,609 1,378 6,929,487 1,335 6,670,241
February 1, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 19

Upset World Conditions Reflected

In Canal Traffic Of Past Quarter

Commercial Shipping

Highest In December

Since Pre-war Period

Unsettled world conditions were re- flected in Panama Canal traffic during the second quarter of this fiscal year, ending

December 31, by fluctuations in ship

movement over some of the principal trade routes. Factors affecting commercial traffic included the longshoremen's

strike at east coast ports in November, unsettled conditions at the Suez Canal, and

the disruption of Iranian oil production.

Commercial traffic through the Canal

in December showed an upsurge following settlement of the strike with 550 transits by ocean-going vessels, the highest number in any one month since March 1939. December was the fourth consecutive month in which commercial transits exceeded the 500-mark.

The level of commercial shipping for the first half of this fiscal year, as measured by net vessel tonnage, was 5.1 per- cent greater than that in the corre- sponding period in the previous fiscal year. The gain in number of ships was

275, although tolls for the six-month

period were not correspondingly high due

chiefly to fewer large tankers in operation over the United States intercoastal run.

Intercoastal Traffic Down

Comparative figures on commercial

traffic for the second quarter of this year

with that of the fiscal year 1951 showed

increased traffic movement over all of the

eight main trade routes, with the exception of the United States intercoastal. The disruption of oil production in the Iranian fields has resulted in considerable gain in the tanker traffic through the Canal within recent months, despite the

loss of the intercoastal tanker trade. In the second quarter, shipments of mineral oils from the Atlantic to the

Pacific were more than double those of the corresponding period of a year ago. The

total shipments for the three months, in both directions, aggregated well over

10,000,000 tons, as compared with less than 7,000,000 tons the previous year. Some gains in Panama Canal traffic recently are believed to have resulted from unsettled conditions at the Suez

Canal, with ships being rerouted between

Europe and Australasia. Transits over,

this route in the past quarter were 106

vessels, as compared with 60 in the second

quarter of the 1951 fiscal year.

Traffic Higher Than 1938 Panama Canal traffic is at a consider- ably higher peak this fiscal year than in the fiscal year 1938, which is considered

as a normal for pre-war, peacetime operations. Transits this year exceed those of 1938 by over 300 and tolls are slightly over $1,000,000 higher. Comparative fig- ures on the movement of traffic over main

trade routes show substantial gains on all except the United States intercoastal. The movement of dry storage cargo, as

well as petroleum products, for the second

Tourist Season Opens

TOURISTS, 361 of them, arrived in Cristobal January 11 aboard the Holland-America Line's new Ryndam, to open the 1952 tourist season. The ship put into Cristobal again on January 26, with 322 passengers, on her second cruise of the season. Local agents for the ship are the Pacific Steam

Navigation Company.

Launched December 17, 1949, the Ryndam made her maiden voyage July 16, 1951, on the trans- Atlantic route. Second of her name, she is 503 feet overall, has a 69-foot beam, and a registered gross tonnage of 15,014.91. She is equipped with radar and Loran and is air-conditioned throughout. The Ryndam was built for the tourist trade and her accommodations are tourist class, except for a few first class cabins and public rooms. The ship has eight decks and the public rooms include two

lounges, two dining rooms, a Palm Court, a gymnasium, barber and beauty shops, and a children's playroom which has a piano mounted on a turntable which may be concealed behind the paneling. An outstandingly noticeable feature of the liner is her specially designed funnel which is so planned

as to cause a "top whirl," which prevents unwelcome deposits of soot and ash on the after-decks.

quarter of this fiscal year fluctuated widely from the commodity shipments of a year ago. Shipments of coal and coke

from the Atlantic to the Pacific were al- most twice as high this year, and increases were shown in phosphates and cement.

Substantial losses were reported in ship- ments of manufactures of iron and steel,

ammonium compounds.

Variations in cargo shipments from the

Pacific to the Atlantic in the second quarter of the two fiscal years were: Gains in various ores, wheat, bananas and various metal shipments, and losses in tonnage of canned food products, copra, scrap metal,

and raw cotton.

MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS

Vessels of 300 tons net or over By fiscal years

Month

Transits Tolls

(In thousands of dollars)

1952 1951 1938 1952 1951 1938

July 463 513 457 $1,981 $2,373 $2,030

490 453 505 2,103 2,093 2,195

September 516 446 444 2,188 1,952 1,936

October _ _ _. . 544 480 461 2,230 2,068 1,981 November 502 446 435 2,053 1,844 1,893

December . _ . 550 452 439 2,347 1,886 1,845

January _ __ . . 452 444 1,854 1 838

February 444 436 1,853 1,787

March 474 -M)(, 1,943 2 016

April 470 487 2,007 1 961 May 485 465 2,020 1,887

June 478 445 1,982 1,801

Totals for first six months of

fiscal year, _ 3,065 2,790 2,741 $12,902 S12.246 $11 88(1

Totals for fiscal year 5,593 5,524 $23,906 $23,170
20 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 1, 1952 __=

Panama Agencies Predates Canal Opening

CARGO PASSENGER ships like this Grace Line "Santa ship" make weekly trips through the Panama Canal from New York to the West Coast of South America. Nine of these new air-conditioned

vessels have been added to the Grace Line fleet since the end of World War II.

crews of several torpedoed vessels handled bv Panama Agencies were brought to Cris- tobaljby the U. S. Navy. The staff of Panama Agencies lodged these seamen in barracks at Fort Gulick, provided for medical services, outfitted the crewmen with

clothes, and took care of their other needs

until repatriation could be arranged. At one time, there were at least 100 vessels anchored in Limon Bay in addition to those occupying all berths at the Cristobal

piers. During this same period Balboa was the home port for scores of tankers which constituted the fuel supply for the Navy in the Pacific

It was undoubtedly the most hectic and

exciting period in the shipping history of the Panama Canal and the Panama Agencies

Company was handling as high as 25 percent

of the shipping activities of the Canal at peak periods. During the war years the Agencies also stevedored approximately

750,000 tons of cargo for War Shipping Administration and U.S. military cargo vessels.

LOW INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS

{Continued from page iy) companies. Among

i host- represented were American President

Lines, American Pioneer Line, AmericanHawaiian Steamship Co., Calmar Steamship Co., Grace Line, Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Ore Steamship Co., Panama Mail

Steamship Co. (a direct off-shoot of the

original Pacific Mail Steamship Co.) and

United States Lines. Mso during this period, a new headquarters building was constructed—in 1931,

in the heart of steamship row in Old Cristobal. This building also became the first head

office for Panagra (Pan American-Grace

Airways). After the airline expanded its service to Argentina, the Panagra headquarters were transferred to a more central point at Lima, Peru. Feeder Service Established

Some years ago the Grace Line set up a

feeder service for trans-shipment of cargo

to and from the ports on the west coast of Central America. This service has been managed by Panama Agencies for the Grace

Line and is comparable to a steamship

company within a steamship company. By this service cargoes are brought to the Canal for trans-shipment to ports in the United States, South America, the Carib- bean Islands, England, Europe, and the

Orient. On the outward voyages cargoes from all over the world are loaded for the Central American west coast. With the entry of the LTnited States into World War II, the U. S. shipping industry

\\,i~ taken over completely and operated by

I he War Shipping Administration, a specially set-up U. S. Government Agency.

The arrival of vessels in convoys created innumerable problems for all the shipping

agencies in the Canal Zone as well as for the Panama Canal Ships would arrive with

large requisitions for ship stores and chandlery in addition to repairs which needed to be made.

Subs Sank Ships

In 1942, the Caribbean was the hunting

ground for Nazi submarines. In one short

stretch some 17 vessels were sunk between

the Yucatan peninsula and Panama. The

iCovtinued from page to) has been inau- gurated at Gorgas and Colon Hospitals.

Another important feature of the tuberculosis control program just inaugurated was the employment of Melida Tack, a

specially trained public health nurse. She

devotes all her time to visiting the homes

of patients, giving advice in regard to protection for other members of the family,

arranging for special clinic and X-ray

examinations, and helping in the follow-up

of cases after discharge from the hospital.

CANAL TRANSITS COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT

Second Q tarter—Fiscal Year

1952 1951 1938

Atlantic

to

Pacific

Pacific to Atlantic Total Total Total

Commercial vessels: 773 823 1,596 1,378 1,335

*Small 141 117 258 219 236

Total, commercial. . _ . . 914 940 1,854 1,597 1,571

**U« S. Government vessels; 88 64 152

Small 44 40 84

Total commercial and U. S. Government-1,046 1,044 2. (WO

* Vessels under 300 net tons or 500 displacement tons. ** Vessels on which tolls are credited. Prior to July 1, 1951, Government-operated

ships transited free.

TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES

The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

"M._J^ United States Intercoastal

East Coast of U. S. and South America.

East Coast of U. S. and Central America

£| East Coast of L'. S. and Fat Easl

L*. S./Canada East Coast and Australasia

s~~

"*- Europe and West Coast of U. S./Canada

Europe and South America

Europe and Australasia ALBERT G. DEISZ, seated, Manager of Panama

Agencies, and his assistant, Daulton Mann, Jr., look All other routes

over papers connected with the operations of one of the many lines handled by this agency, one of the Total Traffic

oldest on the Isthmus.

Second Quarter, Fiscal Year

1952

127

386

164

183

64

159

102

106

305

1,596

1951

168

296

121

151

41

122

60

331

1,378

1938

311

124

139

42

252

142

38

284

1,335

Ctf