For additional copies of this guide or information aboutBTS and its products and services, contact:Product OrdersPhone 202-366-DATA [press 1]Fax: 202-366-3640Internet: www.bts.govMail: Product Orders

Bureau of Transportation Statistics400 Seventh Street, SW, Room 3430Washington, DC 20590

Information ServicesPhone: 1-800-853-1351Email: answers@bts.govBTS00-08December 2000
1

area (square miles) data for the decennial census years only.

b Converted from current dollars to 1996 chained dollars using implicit

deflators constructed from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ ConsumerPrice Index and the Bureau of Economic Analysis’ chained-type price index.

Key: N = data do not exist.Note: All dollar amounts are 1996 chained dollars.

Sources: Population, area, number of households––U.S. Department of Commence(USDOC), Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of United States: 1999 (Washington, DC: 1999),

also available at www.census.gov; GDP, median household income––USDOC, Bureau ofEconomic Analysis; Consumer expenditures, employment––U.S. Department of Labor, Bureauof Labor Statistics; Life expectancy––Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, available atwww.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/fastats.htm.

The Bureau of Transportation Statistics compiled the data inthis guide from multiple sources. The guide is divided intofive sections and a glossary:Transportation System Extent and Use 2Transportation and Safety 4Mobility 10Transportation and the Economy 20Transportation, Energy, and the Environment 25Glossary 29
2 Pocket Guide to Transportation

113,995 miles of other National Highway System

roads

3,771,456 miles of other roads

Air Public-use airports

5,354 airportsAirports serving large certificated carriers29 large hubs (69 airports), 459 million enplaned

passengers (see Glossary for definition of “hub”)

31 medium hubs (48 airports), 96 million enplaned

passengers

56 small hubs (73 airports), 39 million enplaned

passengers

577 nonhubs (604 airports), 17 million enplaned

passengers

Rail Miles of railroad operated

120,412 miles by Class I freight railroadsa21,250 miles by regional freight railroads28,422 miles by local freight railroads22,741 miles by Amtrak (passenger)
Transportation System Extent and Use 3

Ocean: 4,057 deep-draft

2,131 shallow-draft

Locks: 276 

Pipeline Oil(1998) Crude lines: 88,000 miles of pipe 

Product lines: 91,000 miles of pipe GasTransmission: 254,000 miles of pipe Distribution: 981,000 miles of pipe 

aThere are also 574 miles of railroad operated by U.S. Class I freight railroads 

in Canada. b Directly operated service. Does not include contracted service.

Sources: U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Bureau of TransportationStatistics (BTS), Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2000 (Washington, DC: In

press), table 1-1; USDOT, BTS, National Transportation Statistics 2000(Washington, DC: In press); Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts,2000 (Washington, DC: 2000); USDOT, Federal Highway Administration,Highway Statistics 1998 (Washington, DC: 1999); National Ferry database, as of10/10/00; and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center, The U.S.Waterway System,Transportation Facts, available at www.wrsc.usace.army.mil/ndc/fcgeodis.htm, as of November 2000.
4 Pocket Guide to Transportation

General aviation 1,310 1,239 767 734 628Highwaya 52,627 51,091 44,599 41,817 41,611Railroadb 785 584 599 567 530Transitc N N 339 274 299Commercial ship

Vessel casualties 178 206 85 46 44Nonvessel casualtiesd 420 281 101 137 67

Recreational boating 1,418 1,360 865 829 734Gas and hazardous liquid pipeline 30 19 9 21 21a Includes occupants, nonoccupants, and motor vehicle fatalities at railroad

crossings.

b Includes fatalities from nontrain incidents, as well as train incidents and

accidents. Also includes train occupants and nonoccupants, exceptmotor vehicle occupants at grade crossings.

c Fatalities resulting from all reportable incidents, not just accidents. Includes

commuter rail, heavy rail, light rail, motor bus, demand responsive, vanpool, and automated guideway.

d Fatalities unrelated to vessel accidents, e.g., individual falling overboard and

drowning.

Key: N = data do not exist or are not cited because of reporting changes.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,National Transportation Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC: In press), table 2-1.
Transportation and Safety 5

Waterborne transportation (vessel-related) 44 0.1Air taxi 38 0.09Light-rail transit 17 0.04Gas distribution pipelines 15 0.03Air carriers 12 0.03Commuter air 12 0.03Transit buses (not related to accidents) c 11 0.03

Hazardous liquid pipelines 4 <0.01Gas transmission pipelines 2 <0.01Demand-responsive transit (not related to accidents) 0 0.0

Totald 43,866 100.0

Redundant with abovee

Grade crossings with motor vehicles 345Commuter rail (included in railroad) 95Transit bus (accident-related) 91Passengers on railroad trains 14Demand-responsive transit (accident-related) 1

a Includes fatalities outside trains, except at grade crossings. b Includes all nonoccupant fatalities, except pedalcyclists and pedestrians. c Not included under highway submodes. Includes suicides. d Unless otherwise specified, includes fatalities outside the vehicle. e For transit bus and demand-responsive transit, occupant fatalities are 

counted under "bus" and nonoccupant fatalities are counted under"pedestrians," "pedalcyclists," or other motor vehicle categories.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,National Transportation Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC: In press), table 2-4.
6 Pocket Guide to Transportation

Total 41,611 15,786a 37.9a The total shows one fewer case of alcohol involvement than the sum of the 

subtotals.This is due to adjustment for rounding in the method used to estimate alcohol involvement.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Fatality Analysis ReportingSystem (FARS) database, available at http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/www/query.html, asof December 2000.
Transportation and Safety 7

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway SafetyAdministration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Fatality AnalysisReporting System (FARS) database, available athttp://www.fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/www/query.html, as of December 2000.
1980 1985 1990 1995

0.02.04.06.08.0

10.0

1999

Air carriers (actual and smoothed fatality rates)aPer 100,000 aircraft departures

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

0.00.5

1999 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

0

10

1999

Actual

Smoothed

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

0.01.02.03.04.05.0

1978 1999

General aviation

Per 100,000 aircraft-hours flown

a For air carriers, the data were dampened, or smoothed, to reduce the

month-to-month fluctuations.This dampening was performed using anexponential smoothing model, with a weight of 0.95.

Source: Various sources, as cited in U.S. Department of Transportation,Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2000(Washington, DC: In press).

8 Pocket Guide to Transportation
Transportation and Safety 9

Gas and hazardous liquid pipeline 254 192 76 64 107a Includes passenger car occupants, motorcyclists, light-duty and large trucks,

bus occupants, pedestrians, pedalcyclists, occupants of unknown vehicle types, and other nonmotorists.

b Injuries resulting from train accidents, train and nontrain incidents, and 

occupational illness. Includes Amtrak.

c Injuries resulting from all reportable incidents, not just from accidents.

Includes commuter rail, heavy rail, light rail, motor bus, demand responsive,van pool, and automated guideway.

d Injuries unrelated to vessel accidents, e.g., an individual getting a cut while

onboard a vessel.

Key: N = data do not exist; U = unavailable.Note: Each mode may use different reporting criteria for injuries.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,National Transportation Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC: In press).
10 Pocket Guide to Transportation

Local trips per person,a daily 4.3Long-distance tripsb per person, annual 3.9Local miles per person,a annual 14,115Local miles per person,a daily 39Long-distance miles per person, annual domestic only 3,129 Freight transportation (1997)Tons per person, annual 55Ton-miles per person, annual 14,383 

a Persons aged 5 and over. A trip is defined as travel from one address to

another address.

b Each time a person goes to a destination at least 100 miles away from 

home and returns.

Notes: Data used for local travel are from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey travel-day file and include trips of all lengths made by

respondents on a single day; about 95% of these daily trips were 30miles or less. Per capita calculations are based on population estimateswithin each survey, not from the Census Bureau estimate reported inthe table.

Sources: U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal HighwayAdministration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, Our Nation's Travel(Washington, DC: 1997.); USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) andU.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 1997 Commodity Flow Survey:United States (Washington, DC: 1999); USDOT, BTS, American Travel Surveydata, October 1997, person trip and demographic files; plus additional estimatesprepared for the BTS by Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Mobility 11

Commuter railcars 

and locomotives N 4,500 4,415 4,565 P4,907

Transitc 10,548 10,654 11,332 11,156 11,506

Class I rail:

Freight cars 1,423,921 1,168,114 658,902 583,486 575,604Locomotives 27,077 28,094 18,835 18,812 20,261

Other freight cars 360,260 542,713 553,359 635,441 740,063Nonself-propelled 19,377 31,662 31,209 31,360 33,509vesselsd,eSelf-propelled vesselsd,e 6,455 7,126 8,236 8,281 8,523Oceangoing shipse(1,000 gross tons and over) 1,579 864 636 509 470Recreational boats 7,400,000 8,577,857 10,996,253 11,734,710 12,565,930a In July 1997, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway

Administration, reassigned some vehicles from “passenger car” to “other2-axle, 4-tire.” 

b Includes municipally owned transit, commercial, federal, and school buses.c Includes light and heavy rail only.d See glossary, page 29.e U.S. flag vessels.

Key: N = data do not exist; P = preliminary; R = revised.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,National Transportation Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC: In press), table 1-9.
Pocket Guide to Transportation

Rail:

Transitd 441 403 561 572 U

Commuter N 179 213 238 UClass 1 freighte 29,890 29,277 26,159 30,383 33,851

Intercity/Amtrake,f 690 235 301 292 U

a In July 1997, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway

Administration, reassigned some vehicle-miles from “passenger car” to“other 2-axle, 4-tire.”

b Includes municipally owned transit, commercial, federal, and school buses.c Includes demand responsive, ferry boat, and other transit not specified; 1980

data include “other transit” only.

d Includes light and heavy rail only.e Car-milesf Fiscal year data. Amtrak began operations in 1971.

Key: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = unavailable.

Sources: U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Bureau of TransportationStatistics (BTS), National Transportation Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC: Inpress), table 1–29; USDOT, BTS, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier TrafficStatistics (Washington, DC: 2000); USDOT, Federal Highway Administration,Highway Statistics 1999 (Washington, DC: 2000); and Association of AmericanRailroads, Railroad Facts,1999 (Washington, DC: 2000).

12
Mobility 13

Rail:

Transitd,R N 10,939 12,046 11,419 U

CommuterR 4,592 6,516 7,082 8,244 U

Intercity/Amtrake,R 6,179 4,503 6,057 5,545 5,330

a In July 1997, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway

Administration, reassigned some vehicles from “passenger car” to “other2-axle, 4-tire.”

b Includes municipally owned transit, commercial, federal, and school buses.c Includes demand responsive, ferry boat, and other transit not specified;

1980 data include ferry boat and “other transit” only.

d Includes light and heavy rail only.e Fiscal year data. Amtrak began operations in 1971.

Key: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = unavailable.

Sources: U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Bureau of TransportationStatistics (BTS), National Transportation Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC: In

press), table 1–31; USDOT, BTS, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier TrafficStatistics (Washington, DC: 2000); USDOT, Federal Highway Administration,Highway Statistics 1999 (Washington, DC: 2000); and Association of AmericanRailroads, Railroad Facts, 1999 (Washington, DC: 2000).
Pocket Guide to Transportation

Sources: U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal HighwayAdministration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, Our Nation’s Travel(Washington, DC: 1997. 2000 estimate: USDOT, Bureau of Transportation

Statistics, based on linear regressions using data from 1977, 1983, 1990, and1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey results.

0

1020

 6

21

 8

19

9

19

13

19

15

 16

0 vehicles 1 vehicle 2 vehicles 3+ vehicles

14
Mobility 15

(Lambert-St. Louis), MO 14,930 13 9,396 59

12 Newark, NJ 14,905 10 9,822 5213 Houston 

(Intercontinental),TX 14,735 20 7,030 110

14 Seattle,WA 13,062 19 7,060 8515 Miami, FL 12,721 15 8,591 4816 Orlando, FL 12,539 18 7,373 7017 Boston (Logan), MA 11,078 12 9,661 1518 New York (LaGuardia), NY 10,780 7 12,320 –1219 Philadelphia, PA 10,342 24 6,247 6620 New York 

(John F. Kennedy), NY 10,138 9 10,081 1Top 20 airports 343,161 235,887 51.6

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.Sources: Total enplaned passengers: 1989—U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Research and

Special Programs Administration, Airport Activity Statistics of Certificated RouteAir Carriers, 12 Months Ending December 31, 1989 (Washington, DC: 1990),table 1. 1999—USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), Airport

Activity Statistics of Certificated Air Carriers: Summary Tables,Twelve MonthsEnding December 31, 1999 (Washington, DC: In press). Airport ranking:

1989—USDOT, FAA, FAA Statistical Handbook, Calendar Year 1989 (Washington, DC: 1989), table 4.11. 1999–USDOT, BTS, Airport Activity Statistics of Certificated Air Carriers: Summary Tables,Twelve Months Ending December 31, 1999(Washington, DC: In press).
16 Pocket Guide to Transportation

Sault Ste. Marie, MI 5,765,704Port Huron, MI 4,308,549Buses––top 5 gatewaysBuffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 61,507Detroit, MI 39,455Blaine,WA 20,478Champlain-Rouses Pt., NY 9,570Skagway, AK 8,996Bus passengers––top 5 gatewaysBuffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 1,795,942Detroit, MI 624,974Blaine,WA 469,659Champlain-Rouses Pt., NY 281,021Skagway, AK 137,717Train passengers––top 5 gatewaysBuffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 35,305Blaine,WA 31,496Port Huron, MI 28,795Skagway, AK 28,166Champlain-Rouses Pt., NY 25,618Pedestrians––top 5 gatewaysBuffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 305,775Calais, ME 51,003Sumas,WA 35,941Portland, MEa 29,883

International Falls-Ranier, MN 24,733

aPedestrian/ferry combination crossing.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,special tabulation, 2000, based on U.S. Department of the Treasury, U.S.Customs Service, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management database, 1999.
Mobility 17

Brownsville,TX 18,948,078Buses––top 5 gatewaysSan Ysidro, CA 108,025Hildago,TX 61,550Otay Mesa, CA 46,142Laredo,TX 31,371Brownsville,TX 12,702Bus passengers––top 5 gatewaysHildago,TX 1,384,270San Ysidro, CA 854,098Laredo,TX 379,425Otay Mesa, CA 312,342Brownsville,TX 145,298Train passengers––top 5 gatewaysTecate, CA 7,392Eagle Pass,TX 5,756Calexico East, CA 1,743Nogales,AZ 900San Ysidro, CA 384Pedestrians––top 5 gatewaysCalexico, CA 8,099,253San Ysidro, CA 7,558,174Laredo,TX 6,764,293El Paso,TX 5,666,477Nogales, AZ 4,806,076Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,special tabulation, 2000, based on U.S. Department of the Treasury, U.S.Customs Service, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management database, 1999.
Pocket Guide to Transportation

18

10 Valdez, AK 53.4 4 96.0 –44.311 Pittsburgh, PA 52.9 19 35.5 49.012 Tampa, FL 51.5 11 51.6 –0.213 Lake Charles, LA 50.8 16 40.9 24.314 Texas City, TX 49.5 12 48.1 3.015 Mobile, AL 45.5 15 41.1 10.616 Duluth-Superior, MN & WI 42.3 17 40.8 3.817 Los Angeles, CA 42.3 13 46.4 –8.719 Norfolk Harbor, VA 40.8 9 53.7 –24.118 Philadelphia, PA 39.3 14 41.8 –6.020 Baltimore, MD 37.3 18 39.5 –5.7

Total top 20 1,434.4 1,334.4 7.5

Sources: 1990––U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of theUnited States, Calendar Year 1990, Part 5, National Summaries (New Orleans,LA: 1993), table 5-2.1999––Ibid. Waterborne Commerce of the United States,Calendar Year 1999, Part 5, National Summaries, personal communication.
Mobility 19

Other andunknown modes 293 3.4 576 3.9 204 5.3Total a $8,567 100.0 14,800 100.0 3,851 100.0a Data from the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS), plus Bureau of Transportation

Statistics estimates to fill in CFS gaps.The estimates cover out-of-scopefarm-based truck shipments, truck and rail imports from Canada andMexico, and air cargo and water imports and exports.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statisticsand U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 1997 Commodity FlowSurvey: United States(Washington, DC: December 1999).
20 Pocket Guide to Transportation

a Includes all other categories, such as entertainment, products and services,

personal care, premiums for personal insurance, and payments to pension plans.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,derived from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,Survey of Current Business (Washington, DC: July 2000).

Othera

(31.7%)

Education (7.0%)

Transportation 

Housing (10.6%)(24.2%)
Transportation and the Economy 21

Othera

(14%)

care(5%)

Transportation(19%)$6,616

Privatevehicleexpenditures$6,187

Publictransportationexpenditures$429

Other vehicle expenditures$2,206

Gasoline and motor oil$1,017

Vehicle purchases$2,964

Airline fares $272Intercity bus fares $13Mass transit fares $51Local transportation on 

out-of-town trips $15

Taxi fares $23

Intercity train fares $22Ship fares $32School bus $1

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureauof Labor Statistics, Consumer ExpenditureSurvey, 1998, unpublished detailed table1100, August 2000.

a Includes entertainment, personal care products and

services, education, tobacco products and smoking,and miscellaneous.
22 Pocket Guide to Transportation

11 Chicago, IL (a) 18.1 21.5 39.612 Port of Houston,TX (w) 16.6 17.3 33.913 Port of El Paso,TX (l) 13.8 19.0 32.814 Port of Seattle,WA (w) 5.5 26.2 31.715 Port of Charleston, SC (w) 11.2 18.3 29.516 Port of Oakland, CA (w) 10.1 14.9 25.017 Port of Norfolk,VA (w) 11.4 13.3 24.718 New Orleans, LA (a) 10.4 12.8 23.219 Miami International Airport, FL (a) 15.1 8.0 23.120 Anchorage, AK (a) 6.3 15.4 21.7

Key: a = air; l = land; w = water.Notes: Trade excludes low-value shipments (imports valued at less than

$1,250 and exports valued at less than $2,500). Air: Includes a low level(generally less than 2%–3% of the total value) of small user-fee airportslocated in the same region. Air gateways not identified by airport name(e.g., Chicago, IL) include major airport(s) in that geographic area in addition to small regional airports. Due to Census Bureau confidentiality regulations, courier operations are included in the airport totals for JFK,New Orleans, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, and Anchorage.Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Sources: Air––U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Foreign TradeDivision, special tabulation, November 2000. Water––U.S. Department ofTransportation (USDOT), Maritime Administration, Office of Statistical andEconomic Analysis, U.S.Waterborne Exports and General Imports: Annual 1998(Washington, DC: July 2000); and personal communication, Dec. 20, 2000.Land––USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,Transborder Surface FreightData, 2000.
Transportation and the Economy 23

Notes:Water: Excludes intransit data (merchandise shipped from one foreign country 

to another via a U.S. water port).

Imports: Excludes imports valued at less than $1,250. Import value is based on 

U.S. general imports, customs value basis.

Exports: Excludes exports valued at less than $2,500. Export value is FAS (free 

alongside ship) and represents the value of exports at the port of export,including the transaction price and inland freight, insurance, and other charges.

Sources: Compiled by U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, November 2000. Total, water, and air data––U.S.Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Exportsof Merchandise, CD-ROM and U.S. Imports of Merchandise, CD-ROM, December1999. Truck, rail, pipeline, other and unknown data––U.S. Department ofTransportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,Transborder Surface Freight Data1999, and special tabulations.
24 Pocket Guide to Transportation

Water 212 211 177 175 181Equipment manufacturing

total 1,949 R1,995 2,073 1,870 1,932

Other related industries

total 613 2,694 R3,672 3,930 4,386

Automotive and home 

supply stores U 261 337 369 405

Automotive repair

services and parking;gasoline service stations c613 1,132 1,561 1,669 1,887

Highway and street 

construction U U 239 228 264

Motor vehicles/parts

wholesalers/retailers and other automotive retailers U 1,301 R1,535 1,664 1,831

Government employment d

total 711 671 673 644 U

a Annual averages.b Includes liquid and natural gas transmission pipelines.c Includes only gasoline service stations.d Data are for fiscal years and include permanent and temporary civilian and

military personnel.

Key: R = revised; U = unavailable.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,National Transportation Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC: In press), table 3–19.
Transportation and the Economy

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

U.S. production

Transportation consumption

Total U.S. consumption

Transportation

oil gap

05

1015

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual EnergyReview 1999 (Washington, DC: July 2000), table 5.1.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999

25
Pocket Guide to Transportation

0246

Note: 1998 and 1999 data are estimates.Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, AnnualEnergy Review 2000 (Washington, DC: July 2000), tables 5.12a & b.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1999

26
Transportation, Energy, and the Environment 27

Commercial

100200

1980 1985 1990 1995 1999

Note: One ton of carbon equals 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas. Electric

utility emissions are spread across end-user sections.

Sources: U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), Energy InformationAdministration (EIA), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1999,DOE/EIA-0573(99) (Washington, DC: October 2000), table 5; and USDOE,EIA, Annual Energy Review 1999, DOE/EIA-0384(99) (Washington, DC: July2000), table 12.2.
Pocket Guide to Transportation

0

0.20.4

VOCLead

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998

Key: NOx = oxides of nitrogen; PM-10 and PM-2.5 = airborne particulates of

less than 10 microns or 2.5 microns, respectively; CO = carbon monoxide;VOC = volatile organic compounds.

Note: Transportation emissions include all onroad mobile sources and the

following nonroad mobile sources: recreational vehicles and boats, airportservice equipment, aircraft, commercial marine vessels, and railroads. Othernonroad sources, such as lawnmowers and farming equipment, are notincluded. Lead estimates include onroad mobile sources only.

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, AirQuality Planning and Standards, National Air Quality and Emission Trends,1900–1998, available at www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends98/emtrnd/html, as ofDecember 2000.

28
29 Glossary 29

corporate, multi-engine jets piloted by a professional crew toamateur-built, single-engine, piston-driven, acrobatic planes.

Heavy-rail transit––High-speed passenger rail operated on

rights-of-way that exclude all other vehicles and pedestrians.

Hub—A geographic area based on the percentage of total

enplaned passengers in that area. A hub may have more thanone airport in it.This definition should not be confused withthe definition used by airlines in describing their “hub andspoke” route structures.

Light-rail transit––Urban transit rail operated on a reserved

right-of-way that may be crossed by roads used by motorvehicles and pedestrians.

Nonself-propelled vessels—Includes dry cargo and tank barges

and railroad car floats that operate in U.S. ports and waterways.

Other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles—Includes vans, pickup trucks, and

sport utility vehicles. Does not include passenger cars.

Passenger-mile—One passenger transported one mile. One

vehicle traveling 3 miles carrying 5 passengers generates 15 passenger-miles.

Personal-use vehicles—Cars, pickup trucks, or vans; other small

trucks; rental cars, trucks, or vans; recreational vehicles ormotor homes; or motorcycles or mopeds.

29
30 Pocket Guide to Transportation 30

30
31