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ct/ai (//a J\ig,ltt'Of- AAJay,
Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President

David S. Parker. Lieutenant Governor

Frank A. Baldwin Panama Canal Information Officer

i^£l.

Official Panama Canal Publication

Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z.

Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, C.Z.

Joseph Connor, Press Officer

Publications Editors Robert D. Kerr and Julio E. Briceno

Editorial Assistants Eunice Richard, ToBiBnrEL.and TomasA. Cupas

Distributed free of charge to all Panama Canal Employees.

Subscriptions, $1 a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each.

Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z.

Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights. C.Z.

Index

. . . cAnd a JSew J^pok

ON OUR COVER is a view looking south along a section of the

original right-of-way of the Panama Railroad on the west bank of the Canal, with a sketch of a locomotive of those days as it would

have looked "coming 'round the bend."

In right foreground of the picture are two 44-cubic-yard

scrapers on approach to a spoil area in the latest project area for widening of the Canal channel from 300 to 500 feet. Above is the same view 4 weeks later, by which time the

contractor, Moretti-Harrison, had leveled the hilly jungle terrain

to the left, removing 607,682 cubic yards of earth and rock. Trees

in both pictures identify the area as the same. And note the ship

transiting at left in the above picture.

A dozen years before the French Canal Company had started

operations on the Isthmus (in 1879), the Panama Railroad already

had carried more than 400,000 passengers and transported some

$750 million in coin and 300,000 sacks of mail.

Man of Destiny 3

"EI Americano"—Bullfighter 5

Isthmus Industry 6

Pure Water for You 8

Filling a Gap in Education 11

Canal History, Retirements 12

Anniversaries 13

Promotions and Transfers 14

New Director 15

Shipping 16

EFFECTIVE with this issue, The Panama

Canal. Review is being made available to

all employees without charge. The step is being taken to help keep all employees

informed on Canal programs, projects, and

procedures which affect the employees.

Believing that better understanding today

makes for a better future tomorrow, the

Canal administration thinks all employees

should take advantage of this opportunity to improve their knowledge of the

objectives, goals, and activities of the

organization and other Canal employees.

The policy of providing retirees with a

year's free subscription upon retirement

will be continued, as will the policy of

subscriptions being available to non- employees of the Canal organization at

$1 per year. Happy reading!

June 7, 1963
HE LIBERATED lands which now are nations of more than 40 million people

and more than 2 million square miles. His dreams for a federation of nations never materialized, but through the

political ferment of more than a century

has evolved a Pan-American unity of approach to common problems possibly more lastingly effective. Differences in heritage, geography, topography, and

development background might have

proven fatal to a federation. He, of course, is Simon Bolivar. In

his honor and in tribute to his memory,

June 22 is observed as Bolivarian Day.

It was on that day in 1826 that the first Pan-American Congress, called together

by "The Liberator," met in Panama.

The historic meeting of American

Presidents held in Panama City in 1956

probablv had its precedent in the Panama Congress of 1826. On the earlier memorable occasion,

the young nations of the Western Hemisphere met for the first time to deliber- ate on matters of common and vital interest. In 1956, when the Presidents' meeting brought to the Isthmus 19

heads of American States, inter-American relationships were established whose full values still remain to be

appraised from the perspective of

history. Bolivar liberated the territories now

making up Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. He broke the Spanish power in South America and

served as ruler of Venezuela, Colombia,

and Ecuador and dictator of Peru—all before his death in 1830 at the age

of 47. His greatest battles each liberated a country. The course of military campaigns for independence of these lands

led his legions over a route of about

3,000 miles. Born to the upper class, Bolivar had

only contempt for those who would

"Hotv beautiful it would be if the Isthmus of Panama were for us like that

of Corinth was to the Greeks. I hope

that some day we have the good fortune

of holding there an august Congress by

representatives of the Republics, Kingdoms, and Empires in order to discuss the interests of peace and war with the nations of the other three parts of the world."

(This, from his Letter from Jamaica, in 1815, is the inscription at the base of the Bolivar statue in the plaza in Panama City

that bears his name. It is located at Fourth

Street and Avenue B, in front of the old San Francisco Church and near the National Theatre.)

have made the struggle for independence a path to satisfy personal greed.

Greatly impressed by the writings of Rousseau and Voltaire, he was an elo- quent spokesman for individual liberty, an unyielding foe of slavery and oppression. He freed his own slaves and made

freeing of all slaves a basic point of the liberation ideals. He shared an

attitude that was the most powerful was to alienate some of them from him

and sow the seeds of disunion already

clearly apparent by the time of his death. A poet, soldier, and statesman, Boli- var was a warrior, rather than a strategist. It was not until after 1817, when

he began to emulate Napoleon, that a vhe Jljiberator

yy

regenerative force of the late 18th and

19th centuries. Bolivar felt sincerely that any "elite" should be so only on the basis of merit,

and had no interest, despite his patri- cian background, in perpetuating privileges not based on or earned by merit. This, along with his efforts to prevent

the nations' leaders from profiting personally from the independence struggle,

battles he directed showed any substantial signs of following studied plans

of attack. Meanwhile, however, to the dismay of his foes, he proved himself a master of improvising.

In the battles for liberation, there was

a strange paradox. Spain, by giving aid

to the revolt against England in North

America, had presented to its overseas

colonial subjects in South America the

spectacle of aiding revolt of foreign

colonies. The United States had won

its independence in 1783. Once called a "powder keg" by a

tutor, in his youth, Bolivar is said to have retorted, "Be careful, don't come

near me. I might explode." When he

did explode, as leader of the liberation, 3 centuries of Spanish rule were ended.

Bolivar himself declared his heart was "moulded for liberty and justice."

Destiny played a part, however, by

putting a man such as he in the right

place at the right time, and by taking

his wife from him by death. There has

been speculation that if he had not

suffered this early loss, his tempestuous

strengths might have been calmed into

a quiet life concentrated on home, wife,

and family. In the coronation of Napoleon, Boli- var had visions of authoritarian rule for himself, directed first of all at unification, although dreams of personal fame

could not help but play a subordinate

role. Once respected and admired by

Bolivar, in later years Napoleon was to become to him a "dishonest tyrant."

In Rome, in 1805, surrounded by

reminders of mythical and historic heroes, great men who made Rome

great, Bolivar took a solemn vow on Monte Sacro that he would liberate his country.

Wars for the liberation were to span

14 years and include setbacks with

which military or political astuteness could not cope. A severe earthquake in

The Panama Canal Review
1812, 2 years after the patriots had over- thrown the Spanish regime in Venezuela, was regarded by many of the

superstitious as a judgment of God

against the First Republic. It was

exploited in favor of the Spanish cause and marked the start of the physical

and moral collapse of the Republic.

Bolivar's real greatness in his early years lay in the fact that each defeat—

and there were many—found him ready

to re-examine his ideas, confess mistakes, and begin the hazardous course

all over again. He had personal magnetism evident in his pen as well as in his spoken words, to such an extent that he was a liberator of thoughts and ideas as well as of nations.

His leadership qualities for many

years kept top officers and troops faithful in spite of understandable distaste for more battles on searing coastal

plains, in the humid jungle heat of

river valleys, and on the crests of the towering Andes.

Bolivar sought not only to liberate, but to instill in the masses a national conscience and consciousness. He

wished for power and glory to serve the

ideals to which he had dedicated his

life. In his striving toward these goals,

in his early years at war, he was a gambler while learning strategy, lurch- ing into headlong sallies rather than

"military" campaign moves. The fact that there were no static fronts often was his salvation in his gambles.

The fire of his personality pierced

indifferences of those who were his associates and several times brought

him back from exile (at least once

self-exile) because he couldn't stand

inactivity.

Bolivar viewed unity as necessary to

stability of liberty, and was convinced

republics could not exist side by side with states which were the colonial possessions of monarchies. This was

one conviction which led to his cer- tainty that there must be a federation

of freed nations.

. A continent, not a country, was the

field of his thinking, his visions, his leadership. One historian observed, "In 1815, while (South) America was still under Spanish domination, Bolivar was

not only prophesying the immediate

conflicts, but he envisioned a century's

development of 10 nations."

In attempting to lure the British to support the patriots' campaigns, he had

proposed that Britain should get the provinces of Panama and Nicaragua—

and then build canals connecting the

Atlantic and Pacific. As early as 1819, rivalries between

Venezuela and New Granada, trifling in nature at the time, pointed to future danger zones. As distrustful of the "gentle philosophers of Colombia" as of the wildest of his fighters, Bolivar declared they wanted to create republics like the Greek, the Roman, or the North American (all with different backgrounds), and asserted that they

"build a Greek structure on a Gothic

foundation, and they build it at the edge of a volcano."

Bolivar early chose Panama as the haven for South American federation,

and events came to the aid of the

patriots. On November 28, 1821, a

representative council met, declared

The memorial medallion issued for the

historic meeting of 19 heads of American

nations in Panama in 1956.

Panama independent, and stated its desire to unite with Colombia. The

Republic of Colombia thus gained an

eighth department, and a strategic one, without force of arms.

In later years, petty rivalries among

subordinate leaders, and betrayals by

them because of their greed for power

or gain, led to virtual anarchy. Flat disobedience by some left Bolivar and

his forces isolated many times. In spite of these and other trials, however, he

hoisted the "flag of resurrection, not

insurrection," and if some of his judg- ments and decisions of later years were

subject to criticism, his goal was not. Genius that he was, he was not with- out human and humanizing frailties. Some were to work against his stature and aims, but it would have been miraculous, torn as he was between divided

loyalties, conflicting courses of action,

and discouragements over uprisings, if he always had been above reproach. At Potosi, in what was to become

Bolivia, he declared:

"In 15 years of continuous and terrific strife, we have destroyed the edifice that tyranny erected during 3 centuries

of usurpation and uninterrupted vi- olence," and he said of the rich silver veins which were Spain's treasury for 300 years, "this material wealth is as nothing compared with bearing the ensign of freedom . . ."

His eloquence veiled only thinly a dual purpose: manifestation of the

unity of the people for its effect on

South America as well as on the outside world.

Bolivar sought voluntary union,

rather than the type imposed by the Holy Alliance in Europe on small and

defenseless nations. The Congress of Panama was a failure, admittedly,

because it did not achieve its main

objective of a union of nations. Its importance lay in the fact that it was

conceived well over a century ago and

that there was a definite attempt.

Barriers of geography, race, and national prejudices separated the new

states. The transition from dependent

colonies could not be made as rapidly

as Bolivar hoped. In the face of internal troubles, in a proclamation to the people

of Guayaquil urging them to remain

loyal to Greater Colombia, he urged,

"You are not the ones responsible. The

people can never be responsible. The

pernicious and erroneous ideas come

from the leaders; it is they who bring

about the public calamities."

In a moment of despair, Bolivar pleaded, "I am not God that I can change men and matters," and later, "The influence of civilization gives our people indigestion, so that what should

nourish us, ruins us." Public opinion at times interpreted

Bolivar's leniency with conspirators as weakness. It could, with at least equal

validity, be interpreted as sacrificing a

desire for revenge and to be rid of enemies to the greater goal of pre- serving the Colombian Republic, which was threatened with disintegration.

To the day of his untimely death,

hastened by the hardships and sacrifices of warfare over many years, and re- peated forced compromises between

vision and practicality, Simon Bolivar bore the marks of destiny in lands of destiny.

June 7, 1963
>%*v

***

I

- m

M

Robert Lopez, "El Americano," was

awarded an ear when he appeared in a

bullfight in Mexico. aEl Americano1

1

"OLE!" shouted with spirit may never

reverberate from the staid Balboa Post

Office walls. Nor may a bull ever come

charging through the doors. But an

honest-to-goodness bullfighter DOES

work there. The bullfighter is Canal Zone-born

Robert Lopez, known in bullfight circles as "El Americano." He also is known as

"el novillero norteamericano," which means that while he is recognized as a professional bullfighter, he is not yet a

full matador. The matador title comes when a novillero has built up his name.

Robert Lopez is a second generation

Panama Canal employee, his father being a former Motor Transportation

Division employee, now retired. Robert

is a graduate of Balboa High School,

class of 1956, and spent 4 years in the

Air Force. He started taking bullfighting lessons while a sophomore, and continued

through his junior and senior years. Every day, after school, he'd go to the Macarena bullfight ring in Panama City

for a bullfighting lesson from a Spanish

gypsy, Gitanillo Salomon Vargas.

First he had to learn all the passes. Then came the beginning of actual work

with small bull calves. A high point in his career came last April, when he appeared in a Mexican

bullfight ring and was awarded an ear. He has appeared in bullfights in the

interior of Panama this year, first in Anton in January, and then in Ocii in February. In an encounter with a bull

at the Ocii Fair he was gored. Six

stitches were required to close the wound. But a mere goring didn't deter Robert, the Canal Zone bullfighter. He

The Panama Canal Review 5

"El Natural"—the bullfighter passes the red cloth in front of the bull. The cloth is hung

from a heavy stick. In his right hand, the bullfighter holds a weighty sword.

spent March and April in Mexico, where

he scored a triumph at Jungapeo, and

then toured the Provinces, where five fights were scheduled. He received only $20 to $30 a bullfight. Top bullfighters, he said, receive from 80,000 to 100,000 pesos which,

at 12.50 to the dollar, is a goodly

amount, but not yet a princely sum considering the risk to the man involved. As in most fields, competition in Mexico is keen. Right now, in Mexico

City, he says there are about 1,000

bullfighters.

Aside from the danger—and he

He Takes Turns

pointed out that a fighting bull is faster than a race horse for the first 100-feet and more maneuverable than a polo

pony—there are expenses involved. Topping all others is the cost of the

bullfighter's outfit, heavily hand emboidered with gold and silver threads. The price starts at $300 and goes up. Robert purchased his second-hand, but

in good shape, for one-third that price.

He explained traditional phases of a

bullfight, starting with the cape work or veronicas—the passing of the cape in

front of the bull's body. Then comes

the work of the picador, who places the

lances designed to release the strength

in the bull's neck muscles. The banderillas can be placed by the matador

himself, or his assistants. Robert prefers not to do this. Then comes the fina de

muleta, with the bullfighter using a red

cloth suspended from a heavy stick to

fight and tire the bull until it is ready

for the kill. Legs in good shape, fast reflexes, and

strong arms and legs are requisites for a bullfighter.

"Scared?" "Certainly. Manolete ad- mitted he was scared, and now bull- fighters aren't afraid to admit the truth,"

he says. Bullfighters belong to a union, too. His is La Union de Matadores y

Novilleros. In fact, says Robert Lopez, everyone connected with the bullfight ring in Mexico belongs to some union or other. He hopes to be able to appear in the Panama City bullfight ring, and in the meantime continues practicing.

In Bull Ring

Another view of "El Natural" as the bull swings into action. *
This is the Cemento Panama plant at Quebrancha, about 2V2 miles east of Buena Vista on the Trans-Isthmian Highway. The company

has added three kilns (upper left) and several silos (right) where the finished product is stored. The two buildings in the foreground house

plants for making Fibrolit and Panalit.

Isthmus

Industry: cemerno PArmmfi

These filters are used to help dry the cement in its pasty stage as it is being

processed. They remove humidity to speed up the drying and cooking process of the

half-finished product as it goes to the kiln.

An example of the clean-lined architecture possible with modern concrete design. Horizontal

planes for shade create shadow patterns which change hourly as angles of the sun's rays change, and provide protection from rains without making it necessary to close windows

except when winds are high. Porch floors, ceilings and other overhangs serve as sun breakers.

ft '.' " £

'Hill ffii

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1111 "W 111!

III

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BUILDINGS designed primarily for the tropics and other warm climates have been spreading rapidly in recent

years into even the colder areas of the temperate zones with increasing use of concrete for industrial and commercial

buildings and homes.

Adaptability of concrete, concrete

block, and allied products to varied

designs, and relatively maintenancefree construction, have been important

factors in Cemento Panama becoming

one of the Republic's largest suppliers

in Panama's biggest industry: construction. The Republic's construction industry dollar volume has totaled approximately $150 million during the

past 15 years. Cemento Panama has had a direct and forceful impact on the Republic's

economic health, adding more than

$34 million to the nation's economy

since it came on the industrial scene. The firm was founded July 1, 1943,

and the first bags of cement came out

of the plant in 1945. Since then it has

sold 28 million bags of cement in Panama and exported 6Y2 million. The

company's annual payroll now is approximately $750,000.

Its beginnings were beset by many

problems, not the least of them that of getting enough capital together. This was solved by the late ex-President of the Republic Augusto S. Boyd, whose

son, Augusto S. (Sammy) Boyd, now

is president of the board of directors of Cemento Panama. Another hurdle

for the infant company was obtaining

machinery, for in those years of World

War II, needs of the far-flung military

efforts took top priority.

The idea of founding Cemento

Panama came from former President of the Republic Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia, who felt that since Panama

had the natural resources for manufacAugusto S. Boyd

President, Board of Directors Cemento Panama

Dramatic domes such as these, and other geometric patterns, are meeting increasing favor

for homes, commercial and industrial buildings, with varied exterior designs leading to novel and fresh approaches to interior design and decoration.

ture of the pordand type of cement, it should not have to be imported into the country.

High quality of the cement produced

by the company has been attested by

American Standard Testing Materials, the Society of Engineers and Architects, the University of Panama, and

the Panama Canal. It regularly has

tested well above minimum specifications for various types, and the firm also can manufacture high quality special

types of cement to meet special

requirements.

In 1961, Panalit, a plant for manufacture of asbestos cement, was started.

It produces roofing and ceiling materials and ornamental structural divisions. A new kiln placed in operation late (See p. 15)

Calcified stone is graded with the help of a crane, which deposits it in separate storage

pits and bins.

mull

Spraying or aeration of the water removes most of the tastes and odors from dissolved

gases, replacing them with oxygen, eliminating the flat taste.

Illlfl

PURE

heil&fliiadinBE WATER

For

YOU

After alum is mixed with the water, it passes through these settling basins. Color, turbidity,

bacteria, and other impurities attach themselves to the sticky, gelatinous particles formed

by the alum. Most of these particles settle to the bottom of the tanks.

The 20 filter beds shown here are the final mechanical step in purification of the water, removing the last of the foreign matter and discharging pure water into a well beneath

the plant.

Purified water is pumped to reservoirs such as those at right in the picture above. Part of Panama City is visible at left. There are 14 reservoir sites on the Pacific side. Three of these

sites having seven reservoirs are the source of water for Panama City. Republic of Panama

consumers now take 74 percent of the Canal Zone purified water production.

"IS THE DRINKING water safe?" This is one of the questions asked most

frequently by first-time visitors to the

Isthmus. "Of course it's safe," is the invariable

reply. "You may drink the water in the Canal Zone and neighboring Panama

City and Colon without fear." Casualness of the reply—and the fact

that the same reply can't be given in many countries—emphasizes one of the tremendous benefits to Panama from

the Canal Zone and the Panama Canal. The water purification plants and

distribution systems installed at each

end of the Canal by the United States

at the start of its 1904 construction

effort are responsible for one of the

finest, safest water systems in this part

of the hemisphere. The benefits are enjoyed not only by

the Canal Zone community, but also by

residents in the Republic's two biggest

At left, Henry Tooke,

Miraflores water

plant superintendent, checks one of the gages which

regulates the rate of introduction of alum into the

water. Identical equipment is used

to regulate the flow

of fluoride, added

to all water leaving the plant, which

reduces dental decay in children's

teeth.

cities, Panama and Colon, and their suburbs. The water distribution system has im- proved health, immeasurably strength- ened fire defenses, and brought many

other benefits to the Isthmus, including

elimination of such tropical banes as .vater-borne typhoid, cholera, and

dysentery.

In the lifetimes of many who read

this, water had to be stored in cisterns

in Panama City and Colon. Often it had to be brought from some distance and purchased, because of scarcity of good wells and springs, especially during the dry season. The United' States spent $10,600,000

during Canal construction days to

install a then modern water system

designed to take care of forseeable future needs. At the time, Panama City had a population estimated at 18,000, and Colon's was 5,000. Today, the

At right, Arcadio Matamoros,

laboratory

attendant, prepares samples for tests of the water. Tests

are made as the water enters the plant, as it passes through the treatment processes, and on samples

taken from

various points in the distribution system. Chemical,

physical, and bacteriological

tests are made.

Robert Malone, water system control man,

with a model of the sand filter beds. Water

enters from the settling basins on the top

of a 30-inch layer of graded Chame sand, which is supported by graded rock. Any

remaining impurities are strained out as the water passes through the sand.
An aerial view of the Miraflores water plant.

The aeration spray is visible at right, the set- tling basins are the center

pools, and filter beds are

in the building at left.

population of burgeoning Panama and

its environs is above 300,000, and that

of Colon and its suburbs is in the neighborhood of 70,000.

Naturally, the original distribution system did not prove adequate to serve modern Panama City. The Canal has

improved and expanded the system

within the Zone at considerable expense,

solely to meet Panama City's soaring

needs, which have tripled in the past

20 years. In recent years, the Panama Canal

organization has spent more than $1

million on major projects primarily to provide for Panama's increased con- sumption of purified water. A major

project was $700,000 in 1962 for a 30-inch water main from the Miraflores filtration plant to the Los Rios

pump station to meet the increasing

demand of Panama City and its suburbs. Other recent major expenditures for the benefit of Panama include $200,000

for a 16-inch line from the Engineer's

Hill reservoir to the Panama boundary.

A pump station also was added at Los

Rios and a 16-inch line extended from

Ancon high service reservoir to the Frangipani Street border crossing.

Another $72,000 was spent to increase

facilities at the Miraflores purification

plant. At the request of the Panama Government, the Canal organization early this

year let the contract for laying 14,000

feet of 12-inch pipe to deliver fresh, purified water to the now small Atlantic- side communities of Cativa, Puerto

Pilon, Sabanitas, and Villa Lomar in the suburban area of Colon Province.

The pipe will carry as much as lVi million gallons of purified water daily

from the Mount Hope purification plant

and pumped at 130 pounds pressure

to a point on the border designated by

Panama. Low bidder on the project was a Panama contractor, High &

Weatherly, with the firm to be paid

$110,658 to lay the pipe. Total capital investment in the Canal

water system, including facilities solely

for Panama consumption, will amount

to $15 million with completion of work

under contract. This does not include

any part of the cost of Gatun Dam

which assists by conveniently forming

a large reservoir from which the raw

water can be drawn.

Present capacity of the Miraflores

plant for delivering purified water is 36 million gallons dailv. The Mount

Hope plant's capacity is 15 million gallons daily. In February this year, a $6 million Alliance for Progress loan to expand

Panama City's water facilities was

formalized between President Roberto

F. Chiari and U.S. Ambassador Joseph

Farland. At the time of the formal

signing of the documents, it was

announced that expansion of the system

is to be completed in 1967. A few figures illustrate the increase

in Panama's use of water purified in the Canal Zone: In 1934, 34 percent

of the water production went to the Republic. In 1952 the proportion was

50-50, and in 1962 Panama took 72

percent of the water. For the first 9 months of the 1963 fiscal year, the

figure was 74 percent.

In terms of gallons, Panama City

used 2,433 million gallons in 1942,

4,337 million in 1952, and 7,367 million

in 1962. Water from the Miraflores purification plant on the Pacific side is pumped

to Panama City via seven reservoirs at three sites—Chorrillo Hill, Ancon High

Service, and Engineer's Hill. Colon's water is purified at the Mount Hope

filtration plant and pumped through the Mount Hope reservoir. To operate the complex water purifi- cation and distribution system, the Panama Canal organization employed

110 persons last year. Cost of operating

the water system includes salaries, chemicals, laboratory analysis, operation and maintenance of purification

plants, pumping stations, pipelines,

intakes, and reservoirs. Technically, Panama pays nothing

for the raw water from the Chagres.

The charge to the Republic is for purifi-

(See p. 15)

A 30-inch main to meet increasing demands of Panama City and

its suburbs.

Between 3,800 and 5,500 pounds of alum are required daily. Lump

alum in these sacks is dissolved in concrete tanks and put into the water as a liquid solution. ^J^V
In Education:

BRIDGING

A GAP

Busy fingers fly as Sheltered Workshop group works on a variety of projects.

CALABASH AND woven twine handbags, drawn burlap barbecue tablecloths, block printed Indianhead table mats, plaster and shell favors or paperweights, and clay flower holders,

arranged in the display cases at the

Civil Affairs Building, Ancon, last month attracted visitors' immediate

attention. Nearly everyone stopped for a

closer look at the handicrafts, which

were labelled "Products of Sheltered Workshop of the Canal Zone Special

Education Program."

In June the Sheltered Workshop,

under the Canal Zone Special Education Program, will complete its fouth year of occupational therapy service

for young people who have reached

their capacity of academic understanding in the Canal Zone Special

Education Program. Graduated to the Sheltered Workshop, they are taught

manual skills and occupational work

habits so they may be better equipped

to bridge the gap between formal

schooling and simple jobs.

The occupational therapy teacher is Mrs. Jean A. Karch of the Canal Zone

Division of Schools and her "Sheltered Workshop" is part of the Canal Zone

schools' special education program.

Approximately 192 children this year

received instruction under the special

education program for the orthopedically and mentally handicapped. Ages

of pupils range from 6 to 21 years. This past year, four afternoons a week, five girls have participated in the "Sheltered Workshop" program, meeting for instruction at the old Diablo

Post Office building where this workshop, the only one of its kind on the Isthmus, is located. Two of the girls are charter students, members of the

first class taught in the "Sheltered Workshop."

Seated at a long table, the girls are each engaged in a separate project. One

may be embroidering a dish towel,

another doing drawn work on a tablecloth, others working on melted crayon

drawings, or with raffia-type materials. Native materials are used as much

as possible. For instance, Panama cala- bashes, supplied by the father of one

of the pupils from a finca in the interior of Panama, are the base of unusual

handbags turned out by the class. The calabash handbag's construction

is as unusual as the material used. First, part of the calabash is removed, then

holes are drilled and woven hemp

attached.

Clay and Panama polished stones are turned into pendants by the girls, and plaster is combined with seashells

for favors, paperweights, and candle

holders. The girls used a Thatcher Ferry

Bridge motif for some of their block

printed materials. Lowly burlap was

transformed by drawn-work into an

attractive barbecue cloth, and plain dish towels were perked up with colorful embroidery, as fingers were trained

to increased skill. The Sheltered Workshop is self- sustaining through the sale of the workers' products. This year's sale was

held at the Fort Clayton Elementary

Librarv Room and was a sell-out, as

it has been in past years. Demand for Sheltered Workshop articles has ex- ceeded the supply, right from the start 4 years ago.

Profits from the sales of handicraft

items become commissions to the workers, according to points for accomplishment they have earned during

the year. Profits also are invested in more materials for projects during the following school year. Making change, and budgeting

money, is a weekly drill period for those attending the Workshop. And the pupils there are learning skills that will help

them hold jobs and earn in the future.

The Panama Canal Review 11
CANAL HISTORY retirements

50 yearJ cAgo

MORE THAN 99 percent of the entire quantity of concrete to be placed in the locks had been laid at the close of work on May 10, it was announced,

the amount in place being 4,449,373

cubic yards. At Portobelo on May 14-15, 10.65

inches of rain fell during a 24-hour

period. This 24-hour record had been

exceeded only once during the period

of records. The record rain, also at Portobelo, was 10.86 inches of rain in 24 hours December 28-29, 1909. The east end of the dike separating

the ocean channel from the only section

at the Pacific end of the Canal remaining to be dredged was dynamited

May 18. The blast, one of the largest ever shot off in connection with Canal

work, consisted of 32,750 pounds of 60 percent dynamite, planted in 120

holes, some of them drilled to a depth

of 70 feet.

25 yearJ c4go

TWO SENATORS urged establishment

of a U.S. Government radio station to counteract broadcasts of propaganda

from Germany and Italy beamed to Latin America.

Site preparation and foundation work

was started for the new $34,000 Ancon

Sub-Police Station, to be erected at the junction of Ancon Boulevard and

Portobelo Street. The U.S. House of Representatives was reminded by a California legislator that there had been no denial of charges

that German and Japanese agents were

active in the Canal Zone and Central and South America.

10 y[eard cAgo

i—ACCIDENTSFOR

THIS MONTH

AND

THIS YEAR

APRIL

ALL UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

THE FIRST town organization to be

established for Civil Defense among

the civilian communities in the Canal

Zone was accomplished at a meeting in the Santa Cruz Clubhouse.

A heavy spilling of water over Madden Dam was continued for 2 days

to lower the Lake level about 12 feet

to permit some overhaul work on the drum gates at Madden Dam. The

amount of water released raised Gatun

Lake level more than a foot and brought

a rise in the Chagres River of about

10 feet for some distance below

Madden Dam.

Wind velocity in gusts up to 35 miles an hour was recorded May 26 when the

Pacific side was struck by a damaging

storm. Small craft were blown from

their moorings or dragging anchor and

Thatcher Ferry service was suspended

for several hours.

One year c4g,o

A NEW REGULATION becoming

effective carries a fine of not more than

$100 or a sentence of 30 days in jail, or both, for littering any Zone highway

or street. A 70-foot steel beam became the con- necting link joining the two sections of Thatcher Ferry Bridge when it was

placed in position and bolted into place temporarily May 16 while tugs tooted and Canal and bridge workmen

cheered. The Marine Bureau's two new 53-

foot launches, the U.S. Ray and U.S.

Sailfish, arrived in Cristobal after a 1,100-mile voyage across the open

Caribbean from Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

FIRST AID!

CASES

•63 '62 225 208

996(36) 917

AulET"k

hospital! ^ZONE^
ANNIVERSARIES

(On the basis of total Federal Service)

ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Arthur F. Jones Mate, Dipper Dredge

Raimundo R

Oiler (Flo;

MARINE B

William A. Kirton Maintenanceman

Felix Villain Helper Loc

OFFICE OF THE

COMPTROLLER

Howard E. Turner

Digital Computer Systems

alyst leanbtA. Connor

ousting Technician

Clintrfc EVGeorge

Accojin^ng Clerk D COMMUNITY

ICE BUREAU

;rt/l. Adams

ervisory Storage Officer

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

George W. Coleman

Fire Sergeant

Joe Stabler Fire Sergeant

Mack B. Hicks

Police Private Lilybel Kariger

Recreation Specialist (Sports) ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Howard E. Munro

Chief, Power Systems

Dispatcher, Balboa

Substation

Leslie D. Wood

Lead Foreman (Marine

Electrical) Edward O. Pike Leverman, Pipeline

Dredge

Alcides Asprilla

Leader Seaman

Ricardo A. Gonzalez

Maintenanceman

Agustin Santana Seaman

HEALTH BUREAU

Alfred R. Graham

Staff Nurse (Medicine and

Surgery)

Melinda Brown

Nursing Assistant (Psychiatry)

Phoebe De Costa Nursing Assistant (Medicine

and Surgery)

Toribio Dominguez

Hospital Food Service Worker

Alfredo W. Vilches

File Clerk

Felicia Worrell Nursing Assistant (Medicine

and Surgery)

MARINE BUREAU

Gilbert F. Lee Towing Locomotive Operator

W. W. Richardson

Leader Lock Operator

(Iron-Worker Welder)

Patricio Blackman

Supervisory Clerk Thomas A. Brathwaite Helper Lock Operator

Harold S. Gaskin

Helper Lock Operator Horace L. Morgan

Helper Lock Operator

Eric G. Weekes

Helper Lock Operator

Rupert Wynter

Helper Lock Operator

C. A. Licorish Seaman

Angel G. Morales

Oiler Sidney Morris Launch Dispatcher Marcos T. Ordonez

aintenanceman.

ire CabL

harp* nN

chW

khand

ro M.

ch

OFFICE OF THE

COMPTROLLER

Iris V. Walters Card Punch Operator

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Erwin F. Ramsey

Leader Engineman (Hoisting

and Portable) Marcos A. Argiielles

Guard

Beryl Elaine Carson

Stock Control Clerk Walter A. Clarke Warehouseman

Charles A. Davidson

Cemetery Worker

John Francis Laborer Cleaner

Jose Inez Garcia Laborer

Doris Goldson

Utility Worker

Florencio Gomez

Laborer

Antonio N. Lewis

Stockman

Feliciano Marin

Utility Worker

Otilia Perez

Sales Clerk Angel Manuel Rauda

Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator

Carmen A. Richards

Sales Clerk

Fitz R. Scantlebury

Lead Foreman (Grounds)

Victor M. Vega

Utility Worker

Violet Williams

Sales Clerk

Priscilla Yard

Sales Clerk TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Frederick J. Wainio

Administrative Services

Officer Arthur E. Critchlow Leader Carpenter

Frank Gittens Helper Carman (Wood

and Steel) Frederick A. Lawrence

Truck Driver Leon D. McNally

Helper Liquid Fuels Wharfman

Granville R. Moore

Automotive Mechanic

Juan F. Romero

Linehandler

Ithran T. Stewart Cargo Checker

Antonio F. Vivies Stevedore

The Panama Canal Review 13
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

EMPLOYEES promoted or transferred between April 5 and May 5 (withingrade promotions and job reclassifica- tions are not listed)

:

PANAMA CANAL INFORMATION

OFFICE

Francisco C. Azcarraga, Canal Zone Guide

to Canal Zone Guide (Interpreter), Canal Zone Guide Service. CTVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Joseph B. Clemmons, Jr., Administrative

Officer (Assistant to Givil Affairs Director) to Administrative Officer, (Assistant Director, Civil Affairs Bureau). Frances D. Jones, Clerk-Typist to Clerical Assistant (Stenography), Police Division. Rupert E. Ifill, Guard, Industrial Division,

to Distribution Clerk, Substitute, Postal

Division. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

BUREAU

Amos R. Swalm, Lead Foreman (Public

Works Road Construction), Maintenance

Division, to Construction Inspector

(General), Contract and Inspection Division.

Electrical Division Henry V. Ross, Inspector (Hospital Medical

Equipment), Gorgas Hospital, to Electrician. Edostido Andrades, Florencio J. Guerrero, Maintenanceman to Leader Mainte- nanceman.

Doroteo Guerrero, Palancaman to Maintenanceman. Dagoberto Illueca, Laborer (Heavy) to Helper Electrician.

Dredging Division James B. Bennett, Electrician to Leader

Electrician (Lineman). Hector Geart, Benjamin Parada, Seaman to Painter. Ralph Rowland, Laborer (Heavy) to Clerk.

Cirilo J. Alexander, Messenger to Store- keeping Clerk. Andrew A. Burgess, Laborer (Cleaner), Community Services Division, to Helper

Engineman (Hoisting and Portable).

Maintenance Division Lloyd S. McConnell, Leader Joiner to Lead Foreman Joiner. Richard E. Parker, Automotive Machinist, Motor Transportation Division, to En- gineman (Hoisting and Portable). Eustorio Morales, Oiler to Boiler Tender.

Gilberto Budil, Helper Roofer to Truck

Driver. Rudolph V. Myrie, Laborer (Heavy to Helper Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic.

Domingo Gonzalez, Laborer to Field Tractor Operator.

Stephen C. Pirre, Laborer (Heavy) to Quarryman.

Pablo Lasso, Laborer (Heavy) to Helper

Machinist (Maintenance).

HEALTH BUREAU

Division of Preventive Medicine and

Quarantine

Elizabeth M. Kosan, Staff Nurse (Medicine

and Surgery), Gorgas Hospital, to Public Health Nurse. Theophilus C. Omeaire, Carpenter, Maintenance Division, to Laborer (Cleaner).

Gorgas Hospital

Jimmy R. Givens, Administrative Services

Assistant, Office of the Director, to Accountant.

Sara S. Keegan, Accounts Maintenance

Clerk to Voucher Examiner.

Miriam A. Wall, Staff Nurse to Staff Nurse

(Pediatrics). Martha C. Hester, Staff Nurse to Staff Nurse (Medicine and Surgery). Isaac O. Edwards, Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery) to Nursing Assistant (Operating Room).

Yolanda Diaz, Clerk-Typist, Division of Preventive Medicine and Quarantine, to Clerk. David L. Matthews, Food Service Worker

to Hospital Food Service Worker.

Thomas A. Barrett, Vincent H. King,

Clifford Pierre, Gerald N. Mapp, Henry

Johnson, Azariah Brown, James S. Yard. Walter Sandiford, Henry G. Weeks, Maximo Acosta, Reuben R. Rhaburn, Chauffeur to Medical Aid

(Ambulance). Coco Solo Hospital Doris T. Acheson, Staff Nurse (Obstetrics)

to Staff Nurse (Operating Room).

Marcia E. Jones, Staff Nurse to Staff Nurse

(Medicine and Surgery).

Ila G. Foster, Sales Clerk, Supply Division,

to Nursing Assistant (Medicine and

Surgery). Zetta R. Stamp, Seamstress (Production) to Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery). Alberto J. Howell, Storekeeping Clerk to Medical Aid. Jose Norville, Pantryman to Pantry Worker

(Special Diets). Atanajildo Henriquez, Lesep L. Barrett, Hubert E. Yard, Hubert M. James, Sydney O. White, Chauffeur to Medical

Aid (Ambulance).

MARINE BUREAU

Navigation Division Keith E. Lippincott, Engineer, Dipper

Dredge, Dredging Division, to Chief

Engineer, Towboat.

Wallace O. Stendahl, First Assistant Engineer, Pipeline Dredge, Dredging Division, to Chief Engineer, Towboat.

Industrial Division Rodolfo T. Smith, Apprentice (Shipwright)

to Shipwright.

Joseph U. Williams, File Clerk, Dredging

Division, to Guard.

Ernest V. Baptiste, Stock Control Clerk to Storekeeping Clerk. Rudolph E. Huggian, Linehandler to Helper Machinist. Oliver F. R. Ifil, Carpenter, Maintenance

Division, to Helper Shipwright.

Woodrow L. Gordon, Helper Machinist to Toolroom Attendant.

Locks Division William M. Johnson, Eduardo Mufioz, Nathaniel F. Whitfield, Painter (Maintenance) to Painter. Alfredo Coco, Lawrence D. Duncan,

Helper Lock Operator to Oiler. Clarence A. Lambert, Linehandler to Timekeeper.

Antonio Burgos, Adolfo Cruz, Linehandler

to Helper Lock Operator.

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Supply Division Raymond P. Laverty, Jr., Merchandise

Management Officer (Housewares) to General Supply Officer. Cleveland Roberts, Storekeeping Clerk to Restaurant Manager.

Oswald A. Ebanks, Cook to Leader Cook.

Jorge A. Hinds, Sales Checker to Guest House Clerk. Arthur B. Boyd, Washman to Leader,

Extractor and Tumblerman.

Valtosal Hudson, Pantryman to Cook. Theodore M. Griffiths, Utility Worker to Pantryman.

Gladstone N. Lewis, Leader Presser (Flat- work) to Leader Marker and Sorter. Clibice Boyce, Josephine L. Orville, Emily M. Thomas, Presser (Garment) to Presser

(Shirts). Arturo Aguirre, Laborer (Cleaner) to Laundry Worker (Heavy).

Community Services Division

Gifford Holmes, Clerk to Accounts Maintenance Clerk.

Eligio Castillo, Laborer to Grounds Maintenance Equipment Operator.

TRANSPORTATION AND TERMINALS

BUREAU

Terminals Division

Irvin E. Krapfl, Lead Foreman (Fuel Operations) to General Foreman (Fuel Operations). Agustin Cedeno, Winchman to Leader

Stevedore (Ship). Bertram O. Bryce, Linehandler to Stevedore. Jacinto Gomez, Juan Samaniego, Pedro

Soli's, Daniel Villanueva, Dock Worker

to Stevedore. Edward Stewart, Laborer (Cleaner), Supply Division, to Cargo Marker. Motor Transportation Division

Eleuterio Galvez, Truck Driver to Guard.

Clive Ibarra, Service Station Attendant to Truck Driver. Carl R. Cumberbatch, Laborer, Supply

Division, to Truck Driver. OTHER PROMOTIONS which did not

involve changes of title: Truman H. Hoenke, Supervisory General Engineer (Superintendent, Pacific Branch), Locks Division. William A. Van Siclen, Jr., Supervisory General Engineer (Superintendent, Atlantic Branch), Locks Division. Harvey E. Beall, Admeasurer, Navigation

Division. Rex E. Beck, Constable, Magistrate Courts. Thomas J. Dwyer, Admeasurer, Navigation Division.

14 June 7, 1963
Promotions and Transfers

(Continued from p. 14)

William S. Hinkle, Geologist (Engineering), Engineering Division. Rolanda M. Dahlhoff, Clerk-Typist, Accounting Division. Marta E. Lavergne, Clerk-Stenographer,

Office of the Director, Engineering and

Construction Bureau.

Silvia Blackwood, Geraldine L. Watson,

Antolino De Leon, Geraldine G. Smoll,

Samuel Moore, Margarito Wilson, James

N. Dawson, Vicencio Quintero, Vincent Gordon, Constantine Braithwaite,

Marion D. Stephens, Olivia M. De Hall, Gwendolyn L. Hanley, Doris V. Lyons,

Maria T. Louis, Alicia M. Pomare, Felipa De Aleman, Verona A. Clarke, EIfrida Patton, Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery). Oliver L. Bailey, Joseph B. Gordon, John

C. Hoy, Narciso Olayvar, Filer Clerk,

Office of General Manager, Supply

Division.

Isthmus Industry

(Continued from p. 7)

last year is expected to double present

production capacity. One of the largest ever installed in Central America and

Panama, it is 400 feet long and 11 feet

in diameter—large enough to hold more

than 200 automobiles.

The new kiln, with the two others previously in operation, can jointly

supply all of Panama's cement require- ments for the next 20 years, on the basis of projected expansion of demand.

The most recent venture of Cemento

Panama is its Fibrolit plant, which

manufactures pressed cement and wood

fiber planks and blocks for use in interior and exterior walls. It also can be

used as acoustic material and for roof sheathing. Known in the international market as fiberdyne, it costs less than cement blocks, lumber, and other types

of construction materials. For the first time in Panama,

Cemento Panama will distribute 10 per- cent of its profits among all its workers. This gives every worker a direct stake

in the company's successful operation.

Employment now averages 274 versus only 100 in 1950. And the employees

have nearly 1,600 dependents. At Christmas, the firm has an annual

Christmas party for all employees and

their families. More than 1,500 workers

and their families, including company

executives and technicians, attended

the last one. Presents such as television

sets, stoves, bicycles, sewing machines,

and other gifts were distributed. Cemento Panama also provides

schools, churches, playing fields, and

similar community benefits for its employees, and offers annual scholarships

to outstanding students.

Pure Water

(Continued from p. 10)

cation, storage, and delivery. The rate

is calculated to cover these costs and

is below that charged United States agencies on the Canal Zone and well below rates charged for similar services

in the States. When the United States turned the water and sewer facilities it had constructed in Colon and Panama City over

to the Panamanian Government in 1946, the transfer agreement governed

the fixing of rates until 1954. Under the 1954 agreement, it was agreed that the Panama Canal would charge Panama

only 8.7 cents for each 100 cubic feet

of purified water delivered to Panama

City and only 8.3 cents for that delivered to Colon, regardless of the

price charged ultimate consumers by

Panama. A hundred cubic feet is 750

gallons.

In 1956, to cover the increased cost

for water delivered to Panama City's

expanding suburbs, the charge was

increased 2 mills to 8.9 cents per 100

cubic feet for the suburbs only.

Under a directive of President

Eisenhower in 1960, a new rate struc- ture resulted in a flat 7.5 cents per 100 cubic feet for the first 100,000 units of 100 cubic feet and 7 cents per unit

of 100 cubic feet for all water furnished over 100,000 units each month. This

rate applies to Colon, Panama City, and

suburbs. It was accepted by the Pan- amanian Government in an exchange of notes for period starting July 1, 1960. Panama in turn, through IDAAN

(National Water and Sewage Administration), sells the water to consumers

at a rate fixed by IDAAN. (The Panama

Canal charge to IDAAN of 7.5 cents per 100 cubic feet equals 10 cents per

1,000 gallons; 7 cents per 100 cubic

feet equals 9.3 cents per 1,000 gallons.)

The pure water from the Canal Zone

treatment plants also is very soft, having

a hardness index only about half that of the softened water in many cities in the States which have municipal

softening plants.

Consequently, consumers here benefit from major savings in soap, don't have the expense of home softening

equipment, or problems of deposits on

the insides of pipes and boilers. There's

also less abrasive action on clothes, since

fibers are freer of insoluble and gummy

compounds such as are left by washing

with hard water, and the fibers stay clean longer.

Another quality of the water can't be measured in any way except the "homing" instincts of thousands who

have tasted the water of the Chagres:

"He who drinks it always returns."

Edwin M. Martin

New Director

NEWLY-APPOINTED to the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal, Edwin

M. Martin, Assistant Secretary of State

for Inter-American Affairs, will attend

his first meeting as a member of the board in July.

With the State Department since 1945, Mr. Martin was a representative

to the August 1961 meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council at Punta del Este, Uruguay,

and with the U.S. delegation to the Inter-American Bank meeting in Brazil,

serving as Assistant Secretary of State

for Economic Affairs during this time. Mr. Martin entered Government

service in 1935, first with the Central

Statistical Board, later with the Bureau

of Labor Statistics, War Production

Board, and Office of Strategic Services. With the Department of State, he was Chief of the Division of Japanese

and Korean Economic Affairs and then had economic, trade policy and mutual

security post assignments, followed by

work with the North Atlantic Treaty

Organization and European Regional

Organizations as deputy chief of the U.S. Mission. He was the Secretary of State's principal adviser and coordinator for the

U.S. delegation at the meeting of the

joint United States-Japan Committee on Trade and Economic Affairs at Hakone,

Japan, late in 1961. A native of Dayton, Ohio, Mr. Martin

received his bachelor of arts degree

from Northwestern University and did

graduate work there in political science. His legal residence is Piqua, Ohio. His

wife is the former Margaret Milburn

of Baltimore. They have a daughter, Mrs. Pedro A. Sanjuan, and a son, Edwin M., Jr.

The Panama Canal Review 15
SHIPPING

New Name, Same Game

AN OLD Panama Canal customer is running through the Panama Canal

these days in disguise. She is the bulk

rice carrier SS Sello Rojo, which started service between the U.S. west coast and

Puerto Rico a few years ago as the Marine Rice Queen. The 10,500 deadweight ton liberty ship was sold recently

by the Marine Transport Lines to the Bulk Food Carriers, Inc., of Delaware

and renamed.

The ship is continuing to carry bulk

rice for the California Rice Growers

Association with Wilford McKay as agents at the Canal. The sale price is reported at $1 million. The ship is capable of unloading 650 tons of bulk

rice an hour and of making a turn- around voyage between Stockton and

Puerto Rico every 40 days.

Two Launches Built

THE MANTA and the Mola (below)

are two 50-foot passenger launches of wooden construction which were built entirely at the Gamboa Launch Repair

Facility Shed by Industrial Division

forces. Work on them began from

scratch last March and the final trials after the engines were installed were

held early in May.

The formal transfer and acceptance

by the Navigation Division took place

in Gamboa in the presence of Marine

Division officials with Capt. Eli D. Ring

taking acceptance of the Manta for Balboa and Capt. Ernest B. Rainier

taking the Mola for Cristobal. Before the two launches left for their respective home ports, the men who

built them were given a complimentary

cruise on Gatun Lake. For most of them, it was the first time that they had

ridden aboard the sleek new craft since they had been put into actual operation.

TRANSITS BY OCEAN-GOING

VESSELS IN APRIL

1963 1962 Commercial 919 942

U.S. Government 22 19 Free 7 9

Total 948 970

TOLLS

•

Commercial $4,762,315 $4,963,535

U.S. Government 99,315 102,910

Total $4,861,630 $5,066,445

CARGO" •

Commercial 5,379,025 6,103,611

U.S. Government 78,541 118,783 Free 23,562 46,099

Total 5,481,128 6,268,493

'Includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-going and small. "Cargo figures are in long tons.

Italian Line's New Ships

BEGINNING this month, the Italian Line is replacing the 10,000-ton Italy to South America passenger vessels Marco Polo, Amerigo Vespucci, and

Antoniotto Usodimare with the 13,000-

ton sisterships Donizetti, Verdi, and

Rossini. The Donizetti will open the new service when she sails from Genoa

June 10. She will arrive in Cris- tobal June 26 after making calls at Naples, Cannes, Barcelona, Teneriffe,

La Guaira, Curacao, and Cartagena.

Following her transit through the Canal, the ship will go to Buenaventura,

Guayaquil, Callao, Arica, Antofagasta,

and Valparaiso. Following the Donizetti

Ikhfat

in this service will be the Verdi in July

and the Rossini in December.

The three ships, formerly on the

Italy to Australia route for Lloyd Triestino, have been refitted to offer more

comfortable staterooms and public rooms and are completely air conditioned. They have accommodations for 168 passengers in first class and 446

in tourist class. Final trips through the Canal were made in May by the Antoniotto Usodi- mare and early in June by the Marco

Polo. The Amerigo Vespucci will continue in the service until November.

New Japanese Liner

ONE OF THE largest Japanese pas- senger liners built in Japan since the war will arrive back at the Canal

June 10 on the second leg of her maiden

voyage between Japan and the east coast of South America. The ship is the MS Sakura Maru, the Osaka Shosen

Kaisha Line's newest and largest pas- senger ship, which was designed to display trade exhibits and is easily

converted into a spacious passenger

liner. On her maiden voyage which took her through the Canal for the first time on April 26, the ship was in the role of a passenger ship, with accommodations for 152 in cabin class and 800 in third class economy accommodations.

The modern 12,000-ton ship is completely air conditioned and her engines

are located aft. On her run from the Far East, the Sakura Maru calls at Kobe, Honolulu,

San Francisco, and Los Angeles. After leaving the Canal, she goes to Curacao,

La Guaira, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, and

Buenos Aires. Boyd Brothers, agents

for the ship here, said that she would

dock at Cristobal on her return trip to Japan. Four other O.S.K. passenger- cargo ships also are in service over

this route.

zM&M^t



Date Due
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P 187

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UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 04820 4829