II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 260 

To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to provide technical and financial 

assistance to private landowners to restore, enhance, and manage private 

land to improve fish and wildlife habitats through the Partners for 

Fish and Wildlife Program. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 2, 2005 

Mr. INHOFE introduced the following bill, which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Environment and Public Works 

A BILL 

To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to provide technical and financial assistance to private landowners to 

restore, enhance, and manage private land to improve 

fish and wildlife habitats through the Partners for Fish 

and Wildlife Program. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Partners for Fish and 

5 Wildlife Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 

7 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
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1 (1) approximately 60 percent of fish and wild2 life in the United States are on private land; 

3 (2) it is imperative to facilitate private land4 owner-centered and results-oriented efforts that pro5 mote efficient and innovative ways to protect and en6 hance natural resources; 

7 (3) there is no readily available source of tech8 nical biological information that the public can ac9 cess to assist with the application of state-of-the-art 

10 techniques to restore, enhance, and manage fish and 

11 wildlife habitats; 

12 (4) a voluntary cost-effective program that 

13 leverages public and private funds to assist private 

14 landowners in the conduct of state-of-the-art fish 

15 and wildlife habitat restoration, enhancement, and 

16 management projects is needed; 

17 (5) durable partnerships working collaboratively 

18 with willing private landowners to implement on-the19 ground projects has lead to the reduction of endan20 gered species listings; 

21 (6) Executive Order No. 13352 (69 Fed. Reg. 

22 52989) directs the Departments of the Interior, Ag23 riculture, Commerce, and Defense and the Environ24 mental Protection Agency to pursue new cooperative 

25 conservation programs involving the collaboration of 
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1 Federal, State, local, and tribal governments, private 

2 for-profit and non-profit institutions, non-govern3 mental entities, and individuals; 

4 (7) since 1987, the Partners for Fish and Wild5 life Program has exemplified cooperative conserva6 tion as an innovative, voluntary partnership program 

7 that helps private landowners restore wetland and 

8 other important fish and wildlife habitat; and 

9 (8) through 33,103 agreements with private 

10 landowners, the Partners for Fish and Wildlife Pro11 gram has accomplished the restoration of 677,000 

12 acres of wetland, 1,253,700 acres of prairie and na13 tive grasslands, and 5,560 miles of riparian and in14 stream habitat since 1987, demonstrating much of 

15 that success since only 2001. 

16 (b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to provide 

17 for the restoration, enhancement, and management of fish 

18 and wildlife habitats on private land through the Partners 

19 for Fish and Wildlife Program, a program that works with 

20 private landowners to conduct cost-effective habitat 

21 projects for the benefit of fish and wildlife resources in 

22 the United States. 

23 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

24 In this Act: 
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1 (1) FEDERAL TRUST SPECIES.—The term 

2 ‘‘Federal trust species’’ means migratory birds, 

3 threatened species, endangered species, interjurisdic4 tional fish, marine mammals, and other species of 

5 concern. 

6 (2) HABITAT ENHANCEMENT.— 

7 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘habitat en8 hancement’’ means the manipulation of the 

9 physical, chemical, or biological characteristics 

10 of a native habitat to change a specific function 

11 or seral stage of the native habitat. 

12 (B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘habitat en13 hancement’’ includes— 

14 (i) an activity conducted to increase 

15 or decrease a specific function for the pur16 pose of benefitting species, including— 

17 (I) increasing the hydroperiod 

18 and water depth of a stream or wet19 land beyond what would naturally 

20 occur; 

21 (II) improving waterfowl habitat 

22 conditions; 

23 (III) establishing water level 

24 management capabilities for native 

25 plant communities; 
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1 (IV) creating mud flat conditions 

2 important for shorebirds; and 

3 (V) cross fencing or establishing 

4 a rotational grazing system on native 

5 range to improve grassland nesting 

6 bird habitat conditions; and 

7 (ii) an activity conducted to shift a 

8 native plant community successional stage, 

9 including— 

10 (I) burning an established native 

11 grass community to reduce or elimi12 nate invading brush or exotic species; 

13 (II) brush shearing to set back 

14 early successional plant communities; 

15 and 

16 (III) forest management that 

17 promotes a particular seral stage. 

18 (C) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘habitat en19 hancement’’ does not include regularly sched20 uled and routine maintenance and management 

21 activities, such as annual mowing or spraying of 

22 unwanted vegetation. 

23 (3) HABITAT ESTABLISHMENT.—The term 

24 ‘‘habitat establishment’’ means the manipulation of 

25 physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of a 
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1 project site to create and maintain habitat that did 

2 not previously exist on the project site, including 

3 construction of— 

4 (A) shallow water impoundments on non5 hydric soils; and 

6 (B) side channel spawning and rearing 

7 habitat. 

8 (4) HABITAT IMPROVEMENT.—The term ‘‘habi9 tat improvement’’ means restoring or artificially pro10 viding physiographic, hydrological, or disturbance 

11 conditions necessary to establish or maintain native 

12 plant and animal communities, including periodic 

13 manipulations to maintain intended habitat condi14 tions on completed project sites. 

15 (5) HABITAT RESTORATION.— 

16 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘habitat res17 toration’’ means the manipulation of the phys18 ical, chemical, or biological characteristics of a 

19 site with the goal of returning the majority of 

20 natural functions to the lost or degraded native 

21 habitat. 

22 (B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘habitat res23 toration’’ includes— 

24 (i) an activity conducted to return a 

25 project site, to the maximum extent prac-
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1 ticable, to the ecological condition that ex2 isted prior to the loss or degradation, in3 cluding— 

4 (I) removing tile drains or plug5 ging drainage ditches in former or de6 graded wetland; 

7 (II) returning meanders and sus8 tainable profiles to straightened 

9 streams; 

10 (III) burning grass communities 

11 heavily invaded by exotic species to re12 establish native grass and plant com13 munities; and 

14 (IV) planting plant communities 

15 that are native to the project site; 

16 (ii) if restoration of a project site to 

17 its original ecological condition is not prac18 ticable, an activity that repairs 1 or more 

19 of the original habitat functions and that 

20 involve the use of native vegetation, includ21 ing— 

22 (I) the installation of a water 

23 control structure in a swale on land 

24 isolated from overbank flooding by a 
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1 major levee to simulate natural 

2 hydrological processes; and 

3 (II) the placement of streambank 

4 or instream habitat diversity struc5 tures in streams that cannot be re6 stored to original conditions or profile; 

7 and 

8 (iii) removal of a disturbing or de9 grading element to enable the native habi10 tat to reestablish or become fully func11 tional. 

12 (6) PRIVATE LAND.— 

13 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘private 

14 land’’ means any land that is not owned by the 

15 Federal Government, a State, or a political sub16 division of a State. 

17 (B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘private 

18 land’’ includes tribal land and Hawaiian home19 land. 

20 (7) PROJECT.—The term ‘‘project’’ means a 

21 project carried out under the Partners for Fish and 

22 Wildlife Program established by section 4. 

23 (8) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

24 the Secretary of the Interior. 
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1 SEC. 4. PARTNERS FOR FISH AND WILDLIFE PROGRAM. 

2 The Secretary shall carry out the Partners for Fish 

3 and Wildlife Program within the United States Fish and 

4 Wildlife Service to provide technical and financial assist5 ance to private landowners for the conduct of voluntary 

6 projects to benefit Federal trust species by promoting 

7 habitat improvement, habitat restoration, habitat en8 hancement, and habitat establishment. 

9 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

10 There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

11 this Act not more than $75,000,000 for each of fiscal 

12 years 2006 through 2011. 

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