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Vol.14, No. 9

APRIL 1964

ON THE INSIDE

• About Tons and Tuns • History Through a Glass • Wheels for the Canal

Ce^u I^lcc- iSti >i cnX. c

fta.i*hou*v ofSOCIAL

NoRTE

If,
Roueht J. Fleminc, Jr., Governor-President David S. Parker, Lieutenant Governor Frank A. Baldwin

Panama Canal Information Officer iSk

Official Panama Canal Publication Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z. Printed at the Printing Plant, La Boca, C.Z.

Distributed free of charge to all Panama Canal Employees.

Robert D. Kerr, Press Officer

Publications Editors Richard D. Peacock and Julio E. Briceno

Editorial Assistants Eunice Richard, Tobi Bittel, and

Tomas A. Cupas

Vnetf yueJJed 3t

. m

READERS WERE invited in the January issue of Review to indentify this scene, printed from a negative in the official files of old glass negatives. Two readers knew their Panama Canal history and identified it as the old railroad station in Panama City. The date of the picture is a little harder to establish, but it is placed

at about 1890 by authorities on the subject. Earl C. Palmer of Avenel, N.J., came up with the right answer, as did Vernon E. Sauvan of Portsmouth, Va. Writes Palmer, "I have a picture of this station from

another angle. My father, C. A. Palmer, had charge of all lighting in Ancon and

lived opposite the firehouse near the Tivoli Hotel. Sauvan found his clue in a book

titled "A Trip, Panama Canal" and published in 1911. He says, "The picture is from a different angle but it appears to be a later picture of the building shown

(in The Review)."

Index

Machines that Talk Back 3

Voices that Help Others 4

Histor) Through a Class 5

Wheels fur the Canal 6

Where the Big Ones Bite 8

\1. nt Tons and Tuns 10

1 History 12

Anniversaries 13

Promotions and Transfers 14 Shipping 16

c4bout Out

Covet

PARTICULARLY impressive in the Panama Collection of the Canal Zone

Library is the collection of old maps,

one of which is reproduced as The

Review cover this month.

More than 160 maps make up the

collection and the library has original

lithographs on many of them. The

work of cartographers from over the world is represented and the work

goes back several centuries. The

main body of the maps cover the

exploration and colonization of the Isthmus and the construction of the

railroad and Panama Canal. Many names settled on Isthmus

areas hundreds of years ago would

not be recognized today. Others have

stood the test of time, among them

the Darien designation. Though the maps are principally of the New

World, manv of them include parts or all of the world known to the mapmakers who drew them.

The relation of land mass sizes and proportion is often distorted in most of the earlier maps, drawn when

cartography was beginning as a

science. Yet the results in many cases, considering the lack of modern

equipment, is astoundingly accurate. Selected for the cover is a map

made by Tobias Conradus Lotter. It depicts the harbor of Panama in "Centra America" and was drawn by

him in Augsburg, Germany in 1720. The original is now in the British Museum.

April 1964
Dr. James H. Johnson, of the Canal Zone College Language Department teaches language class aided by the electronic tape recorder. MACHINES THAT TALK BACK

ON THE THIRD FLOOR of the Canal Zone College building, there is a room literally wired for sound.

It is not a listening post for the secret service nor a projection room for a motion-picture theater. It is a working example

of how modern science is being used to solve language

problems dating back to the Tower of Babel.

In other words—it is a language laboratory or a modern

electronic classroom where students come to learn new

languages by speaking.

The College laboratory is the first to be installed in the Canal Zone by the Division of Schools. But two more are to be

provided soon—one in Balboa and the other in Cristobal High

Schools. A language laboratory also will be installed in the new Curundu Junior High School. Contracts for their installation have been awarded to W. A.

Rogers, a local contractor, and they should be ready for use when the school term begins next September.

The high school language laboratories, which will be almost

identical with the one at the college, can accommodate approximately 30 pupils sitting in individual booths with the teacher monitoring the lessons from a control desk or console in the

front of the class. The booths are soundproof, each equipped with magnetic

tape recorder, microphone, and earphones. The student hears

the language as recorded by native speakers and repeats

portions of the lesson, recording his own voice on tape. The

student can play back the tape to compare his voice with

the lesson. One day recently, Dr. James H. Johnson, head of the College

Language Department, supervised a group of advanced

students who were studying their parts in a Spanish language

drama which the}' plan to produce later this year. The students spoke their parts by reading from the script,

into the microphones on their desks; they then listened to their own voices in a playback of the tape. Meanwhile Dr. Johnson

monitored the recitations by tuning in on each student and

made corrections or suggestions as necessary.

Since these were advanced students, there was little need

for correction on the part of the teacher in charge but the students had what they needed most—continuous practice in comparative privacy at a pace the)' could set for themselves.

Dr. Johnson said that the system worked well with other students who were learning a language or were in the inter- mediate stage. It permitted him to transmit one or more

lessons to selected sections of the class and freed him for individual attention to each student while other students continued to work. It was even possible, he said, to teach two

or more languages in the same room at the same time. At the college laboratory, Spanish, French, German, and

Russian can be taught. There are master tapes on hand for

all grades of students in nearly all of these languages and

a similar arrangement will be made in the high schools. The language laboratory is more of a controversational

practice area. It is combined with the traditional classroom

work and textbooks and sometimes with films and other visual

aids. Usually there are 2 days of laboratory combined with

3 days of regular classroom work.

The Panama Canal Review
Linda Fussell, who speaks fluent Spanish, operates the tape recorder on which the Balboa High School Future Teachers of America Club

is making talking books for Palo Seco blind patients. She will read articles and books in Spanish for the Spanish speaking patients.

Balboa High School students taking part in operation "talking book,"

by which they are recording articles and books for blind patients at Palo Seco Hospital. From left: Mary Cooper, Eve Stephan, Carol

Bryson, Man- Redding, Lois Finiason, Beverly Brown, Betsy

Brown, and Betty Anderson. Seated at recorder is Linda Fussell.

Their Voices Help

Others to Read

FAVORITE PEOPLE with the blind patients at Palo Seco

Hospitals these days are a group of Balboa High School

students who belong to the Future Teachers of America Club. The project, which has put the high school future teachers

at the top of the popularity list with the Palo Seco patients, is the tape recording of articles from magazines and even full length books. The students take turns reading from books and each selects

articles from magazines which they feel will be of interest to the blind patients.

The first batch of tape recordings was greeted with enthu- siasm by the Palo Seco inmates who immediately showed a preference for the reading material read by the high school students to that brought in on records as "talking books." "We want the books read bv the children," one elderlv patient told the hospital supervisors.

Following a visit made in early April by the students, the

patients made a list of the type of reading material they would

like and arrangements were made to tape articles in the Spanish language also. The project was first suggested by John R. Thompson,

Hospital Administrative Officer at Palo Seco. The students were enthusiastic and so was Future Teachers of America

Club sponsor Mrs. Rubv Bissett. Approximately 22 members of the Club have volunteered

to give their spare time to the making of tape recordings. The

first 1 1 tapes are 1 hour each in length. The six students are now making 2-hour tapes. Books will be much longer.

April 1964
Adrian Bouche, Jr. examining and evaluating some of the thousands of historic glass slides. He Views Canal History

Through a Looking Glass

"DIGGING THROUGH the files" is usuallv a figure of speech. But not for Adrian M. Bouche, Jr., a marine traffic controller at the Balboa Port Captain's

office, and Mrs. Ruth Stuhl of the Isth- mian Historical Society, who have an

intense interest in Panama Canal history

and who have been digging, figuratively

and literallv, through the dust of 8

decades to bring order to the Canal

organization's collection of its earliest photographic records. Dust-covered en- velopes hold the glass negatives that date back to about 1885. And there are approximately 16,000 glass negatives

that, in themselves, represent a photographic history of the Canal's beginning. Mr. Bouche estimates that the glass

negatives, as a whole, weigh about 8

tons. If stacked one on top of the other thev would be 84 feet high, or 25 feet higher than the Goethals Monument,

which is a mere 59 feet, 5 inches. And

if placed end to end, the glass slides would reach 30.3 miles across the Isth- mus of Panama, some 13 miles short of spanning the continent, ocean to ocean. The glass plates that date back to 1885 were taken by French photographers who were with the French Canal

Company, and the Panama Canal in- herited them. Despite being dirty, these 79-vear-old plates are in excellent condition, savs Mr. Bouche.

The first official Panama Canal photographer was Ernest (Red) Hallen and

he was succeeded bv Manuel Smith,

who now is with the Panama Canal Meteorological and Hydrographic Branch

and then Clvde LeClair. Their work,

also, is represented in the glass slides Mr. Bouche is screening and cataloging.

Some of Mr. Bouche's earliest memories are connected with the Panama

(See p. 12)

The Panama Canal Review
This modem "Corral" at Ancon, shown in this aerial view, is the heart of the Motor

Transportation Division's operation. Much of the area is devoted to repair work.

An ice delivery wagon in front of the cold storage plant at Cristobal in 1910. Mule

power was at its height in this era, when more than 500 were used in Canal building.

Felix Gonzalez, shown repairing a forklift in the division's sub shop at pier 18 in Balboa.

-Motor Urandport:

Qearea to Keep

Canal OperationA

On the J\oaa

PANAMA CANAL operations, however

closely geared to traffic by water, are dependent in a big way on wheels. Keeping those wheels well oiled, run- ning smoothly, and on time is the job

done by the Motor Transportation

Division.

In the early days, the wheels needed

a horse or mule in front to pull, and the building of the Canal and its supporting

operations owes a great debt to the muscle of hundreds of beasts that labored

day after day with the men who cut

the waterway through the jungle.

Today, the efficiencv of the operation

still might offer a respectful tip of the

hat to horsepower, but of a different kind. The transportation problems have

not changed half so drastically as the methods and equipment now used to solve them. At the Ancon Corral, named after its original function of housing horses and

mules, a fleet of modern trucks and cars are quartered. From there and the Mount Hope Corral they are sent out on hundreds of specialized missions under

the direction of Superintendent of the

division Roger W. Adams. Everything

from schoolchildren to paper clips is cargo and its movement plays a vital part in the lives of everyone in the Canal Zone.

Early records show that at the height

of animal transportation, 639 animals were housed in 12 corrals. Of these,

500 were mules, 1.39 horses. And that

total didn't include 136 privately owned

horses. Today, 575 vehicles from sedans

to 80-ton tractor trailers, do the work.

They haul garbage, gasoline, people,

and supplies. Even a shrimp boat was

on the cargo list in 1963. Thoroughly mechanized now, the title of this organization was, until 1943, the Animal and Motor Transportation Division, and the last watering trough was

removed in 1962.

Its 470 personnel are divided into various functions and serve both on the

Atlantic and Pacific sides of the Canal. Behind the scenes are the skilled mechanics and technicians. They use

the most modern and efficient equip- ment t«i keep the fleet rolling. Among

6 April 1964
their duties are the repair and maintenance of equipment used for construction, grounds maintenance, firefighting, materials handling and police work.

Their job also is to overhaul and maintain trucks and cars and the work done

by them is recognized as the finest. An

apprenticeship program guarantees that

this quality will be upheld in the future. Seen by most Zone residents are the

drivers. They have been trained in safety

and proper driving habits and, of course, courtesy on the road. Other employees

backstop the operation with planning,

administration, and scheduling. Activities include the inspection of cars, providing wrecker service, limited commercial repair work, recapping tires, administration of the public bus sys- tem (which is privately owned) and

operation of a training program. These figures will give you a good

idea of the workload handled by the

division in a single year: Cars and trucks logged 7,207,000 miles, hauled 2,326

children each schoolday, carried countless thousands of tons of supplies and

3,599,721 gallons of diesel fuel. Without a fuss, the division continues to pro- vide the wheels that help the Canal

organization to meet its ever increasing

responsibility to world trade.

JS£ "—*-.

One of the first of the fleet of trucks in the Canal Zone. This snappy model shows a

material foreman and driver in a pre-1920 model. The fleet grew rapidly after that.

This was the fleet of Supply Department motorized section in 1918. In background is the Administration Building, but without the surrounding growth of trees that graces it today.

Repairing a Caterpillar tractor at the Ancon garage, from left, Carlos C. Segreda,

Alfred M. Spence, and Milton H. Wright. The shop can handle jobs of any size.

The Panama Canal Review
WHERE Tr

ARE ALW

WHEN YOU'RE FISHING in the Panama area, all the big ones don't get away. And there are plenty of big ones. In fact, 17 world records have been established in Panama waters, 12 by men and 5 by women.

Of the 12 male records, 4 are held by Jack D. Wagner,

an FAA employee in the Zone. An avid angler, Wagner's

four records are all for sawfish, but with different lines. In addition to his world record catch of 890/2 ponuds,

a record both for the all-tackle category and the 80-pound

line category, Wagner holds the 30- and 50-pound line world records. When it comes to hauling in the record breakers, the ladies can forget the old adage that brands them as the weaker sex. Especially Mrs Helen Robinson, a Key West, Fla. resident. Three of the five records held by women were fish weighed

For the Record

RECORDS (Men)

Species Weight Length

ALL-TACKLE (Pounds) SAWFISH 890« 16' 1" SNOOK 50& 4' 7"

12-Ib. LINE

AMBERJACK 70 4' 8" SAILFISH (Pacific) 159 9' 11"

30-lb. LINE

BASS (Giant Sea) 277 6' MARLIN (Pacific Blue) 150 8' 10" SAWFISH 664 14' VA"

50-lb. LINE

MARLIN (Silver) 209 8' 9" SAWFISH 721 15' 5"

80-lb. LINE

MARLIN (Silver) 466 12' 3Ti" SAWFISH 890X 16' 1"

130-lb. LINE

SNOOK 50)4 4' 7" RECORDS (Women)

ALL-TACKLE

AMBERJACK 106K 5' 5"

80-lb. LLNE

AMBERJACK 106& 5' 5" MARLIN (Black) 796 13' 1" 130-lb. LINE

AMBERJACK 81 5' 2" SAILFISH (Pacific) 116 7' 10K"

Where Caught Date

Fort Amador, C.Z May 26, 1960 Gatun Spillway, C.Z January 2, 1944

Pinas Bay, Panama December 29, 1956

Pifias Bay, Panama July 23, 1957

Perlas Islands, Panama March 1, 1957

Pinas Bay, Panama September 18, 1959

Pinas Bay, Panama February 2, 1961

Pinas Bay, Panama March 17, 1954

Fort Amador, C.Z February 6, 1960

Cocos Point, Panama November 28, 1958

Fort Amador, C.Z May 26, 1960

Catun Spillway, C.Z January 2, 1944

Pinas Bay, Panama July 9, 1960

Pinas Bay, Panama July 9, 1960

Pifias Bay, Panama August 16, 1961

Pinas Bay, Panama February 13, 1960 Panama Bay, Panama May 12, 1955

Caught by

Jack D. Wagner.

J. W. Anderson.

Wilbert Harborn.

J. Frank Baxter.

Edward W. Gorham.

J. Lee Cuddy.

Jack D. Wagner.

S. L. Torian. Jack D. Wagner.

Paul M. Fletcher. Jack D. Wagner.

J. W. Anderson.

Helen Robinson.

Helen Robinson. Helen Robinson.

Mildred Warden.

Velma A. Burkhart.

8 April 1964
7

BIG ONES

S BITING

in by her, including a 796-pound black marlin. Mrs. Robinson comes each year to the Panama area, where she and her husband enjoy big game fishing.

One of the most prized catches locally is the corbina, known

for its excellence on the dinner table. Other local favorites

of the smaller variety are bonita, jack, wahoo, snapper, and

snook.

For the more adventuresome (and muscle-bound) are the big game species, such as sailfish, sawfish, swordfish, shark,

and marlin, most of which are caught out in deep water.

For all those who look forward to the weekly or monthly

fishing trips, here is a chart alphabetically listing 25 of the most popular fish, when, where, and how they are caught,

and what kind of meal they make, and a second chart listing record catches in local waters.

Angler's Guide

Species

Time

Caught

Food

Value Bait

AMBERJACK All year E

BARRACUDA All year G

BASS (Giant Sea) All year G

BONITA Spring/summer N

CORBINA Spring E

DOLPHIN All year G

GROUPER All year G

JACK All year F

Troll, jig, artificial lures, cut bait Weighted spoon, plugs, feathers Live bait, trolling

Feathers, trolling Cast, jig, lures Trolling, tackle, cut or whole bait, feathers.

Jig, artificial lures Trolling, jig, artificial lures, cut bait

JEWFISH All year E Large cut bait_

KINGFISH All year E

MACKEREL Oct.-Mar. G

MARLIN (Black) All year E

MARLIN (Pacific Blue), All year G

MARLIN (Striped) All year G

POMPANO AH year E

Weighted spoon, feathers Feathers, trolling Trolling, whole bonita, cut bait, rod & reelTrolling, cut bait, rod & reel Trolling, cut bait, rod & reel

Fly, plug, feathers

ROOSTERFISH All year SAILFISH All year SAWFISH All year

E Cut bait, feathers G Trolling, light tackle, rod & reel, cut bait. N Spinning rod, lures, live or dead bait

SHARK All year N

SNAPPER All year E

SNOOK All year E

SWORDFISH July-Sept. E

TARPON All year N

TUNA Spring G

WAHOO AH year E

Almost anything —

Spinning rod, lures, live or dead bait_

Trolling, cast, artificial bait Live bait Rod & reel, artificial lures, plugs

Trolling, jig, cut bait, feathers

Trolling, artificial lures, cut bait

6U^.

Where Caught Weight

(Pounds)

Offshore reefs, around wrecks— 10-100

Reefs, surf, bays 45-115 Deep water up to 300 Deep water, outer reefs 2-3

Reefs, deep water, rocky area 2-10 Warm blue waters near surface— 10-30

Keys, reefs, rocks, inlets 10-50 Shore lines, bays, channels, reefs,

surf S"35

In and off shore, near rocks, in holes 100-300

Outside breakwater in clear water up to 45

Deep water, outer reefs 5-10 Deep sea 250-450 Deep sea 250-450 Deep sea 100-250

Close to shore, beaches, inlets, shallow lagoons 5-15 Near islands and rocky areas 5-6 Deep sea 80-120

Shallow water, mouths of riversup to 1000+

Tropical and temperate oceans— 25-1000+

Outer reefs, ledges, wrecks 5-35 Shallow water 3-10 Deep water 300

Salt water, canals, bridges 100-150 Deep water, outer reefs 2-5 Near surface, open water, reefs— 10-40

The Panama Canal Review
A POUND IS A POUND, BUT A TON

IS A MUCH MORE WEIGHTY MATTER

A TOX IS a ton is a ton. But not always.

It may be a tun or even a Panama Canal

net ton. Panama Canal employees, especially

admeasurers and others connected with

shipping, do business with all kinds of

tons and even handle a tun or two now

and then. But to the average person, who is unfamiliar with nautical or shipping

terms, a discussion of long tons, short

tons, metric tons, gross, net, displacement and deadweight tonnage and of

Measuring Cargo,

Space, Is Complex

course, Panama Canal gross and net tonnage, will leave him all at sea. In an article written some years ago, Elmer Stetler, former Chief Admeasurer

in Balboa, said that the layman could

be lost in a maze and figuratively buried

under tons. Tonnage he said, just grew

like Topsy and could not be explained

logically. It was subject to the vagaries

of countries, ship owners, merchants and

tax laws. From the historical standpoint, meas- urement of ships is only about 100 years

old. Prior to 1854, only the crudest and

loosely approximate methods were used. The formulation of the Panama Canal

rules of measurement drawn up by Prof. Emory B. Johnson in 1912 he called

Unloading cargo at the docks at Balboa. Today there are standard measuring systems that have evolved from traders who handled cargo hundreds of years ago, and these are used to tell the capacities of ships. Still, various measuring systems are in use around the world.

10 April 1964
Will this cargo be measured in tons, long

tons, net tons, or how? It all depends on what system is used and in what part of the world the measuring is being done.

the greatest milepost in measurement

history.

The excellence of the system devised

by Professor Johnson is demonstrated

bv the fact that the average ratio of the weight of the cargo carried in long tons through the Panama Canal is almost

equal to the space tons or Panama Canal

net tonnage of the vessels carrying this cargo. The Johnson system was based mainly

on determining the earning capacity of

a vessel with 1 ton for each 100 cubic

feet of enclosed revenue producing

space. The system of calling 100 cubic

feet a gross ton was devised by George

Moorsom, an Englishman commissioned

in 1854 bv the British Board of Trade

to devise rules to cover the measurement

of ships scientifically.

During the middle ages the volume

of ships was measured by a unit called

a "ton" in some parts of Europe and by

a "last" in others. The word ton originally did not appear to have expressed weight. It was

derived from the old English word "tun" which dates back to the Latin of early

middle ages where the word "tunna"

occurs, meaning barrel. And the barrel was used to carry wine.

According to Stetler, the transport of wine had a great influence on the origin of tonnage for in that trade only cargoes

of one description of goods occurred. The weight per unit space of wine

barrels required that a vessel have its entire hold filled with them in order to navigate safelv. In 1423 King Henry V of England

decreed that wine should be in "tuns"

of less than 252 gallons. Later, when

trade expanded to the point that it be- came necessarv to have an adequate measure of weight a vessel would lift as well as volume, a tun became a measure

of weight of roughlv 2,240 pounds.

The "last" was a measure of weight

adapted especially for the carriage of corn in the north of Europe. Originally the weight which would be transported

by a wagon drawn by four horses or on two carts drawn by two horses, it was often estimated at 4,000 pounds.

There was also the "keel" which originally was a flat bottomed boat used to transport coal on the River Tyne to Newcastle. It was decreed in 1422

that keels should have the portage of

20 "chaldrons" corresponding to eight

"waggons" with a capacity of 126 cubic

feet. This is now equivalent to 21.2 long tons. Then there is the displacement ton which has evolved as a unit approximately equal to the volume of a long

ton weight of sea water or 35 cubic

feet. And the measurement or freight

ton, a unit of volume for cargo freight

usually reckoned at 40 cubic feet. These are only a few of the units of measurement used by commerce and

shipping in the past and are still kept

in use in modern times. The method by

which ships are measured at the Panama

Canal is as close an approximation to the actual net available cargo and pas- senger space as is possible to determine

and was the first scientific exact sys- tem evolved that made the term "net tonnage" mean something, Stetler said. But, he said, if past commercial

growth compelled the retirement of such

approximate standards of measure as "tuns of wine," "waggons of corn" etc.,

it is not too much to expect that refine- ments will be made in the future to the present tonnage laws which are the out- growth of such crude units. They will become more exact and practical for the new type of ships now being

developed for special purposes.

Cargo earned by these ships through the Panama Canal is measured in Panama Canal net

tons, a system that introduced new standards into measurement of cargo and space.

The Panama Canal Review 11
CANAL HISTORY

50 IfearJ cAg.o

THE ISTHMIAN Canal Commission,

under which the Canal was constructed,

ceased to exist March 31, 1914, and was

succeeded by The Panama Canal, a new

organization established effective April

1, 1914, by authority of an Executive

Order. The following departments were

part of the new organization: Operation

and Maintenance, Purchasing, Supply,

Accounting, Health, Executive Office,

and a Panama Canal Washington Office. The Panama Railroad was to be operated as if it were division of the Department of Operation and Maintenance.

The new electric towing locomotives were used for the first time for handling

vessels through the locks when on April

1, 1914, they towed the launch Balboa

and two other pieces of floating equipment through the west flight of Gatun

Locks from the lake to the Atlantic entrance of the Canal channel. The

transit took 1 hour and 17 minutes.

A committee was appointed to sub- mit recommendations regarding the most practical plan for reconstruction of Ancon Hospital on a permanent basis. The Health Director submitted a general

plan calling for the construction of concrete buildings with tile roofs and floors, with ward buildings of two stories, with

the administrative features concentrated

in one building.

25 IfearJ cAg.o

AS WORLD WAR II loomed closer in Europe 25 years ago this month, the mighty U.S. Fleet was suddenly ordered

to return to the Pacific Ocean following maneuvers held in the Atlantic. The

120-ship fleet arrived at the Panama

Canal at the end of April and started

transit shortly afterwards. Closing of the Panama Canal to the

ships of agressor nations was recom- mended in Washington, D.C., by Dr. Charles Fenwick, Professor of International Law at Bryn Mawr College who

testified before the House Foreign Affairs Committee regarding U.S. neutrality

legislation.

Assistant Secretary of War Louis

Johnson transmitted to the House of Representatives a draft of a bill authorizing an appropriation not to exceed

$1,500,000 for the paving, in cooperation with Panama, of the Panama

National Highway outside the Canal

Zone between Chorrera and Rio Hato

as a U.S. defense highway.

The SS Panama, first of the three new

passenger cargo liners constructed in Quincy, Mass. for the New York-Cristobal service of the Panama Railroad

Steamship Line, completed her trials off Rockland, Maine and sailed from New

York the last part of April on her maiden

voyage to Panama.

10 y[earJ c4go

A GROUP of expert engineers from the United States came to the Canal Zone

10 years ago to assist Panama Canal

engineers in making a full examination

of a crack in the rock ledge at the top

and near the edge of Contractors' Hill on the west bank of Gaillard Cut. The

crack had been developing since 1938

and had a potential of causing a slide which would block the waterway.

The old name "Panama Canal Clubhouse" became a thing of the past as the Clubhouse Division became known

officially as the Service Center Division

and the individual Clubhouses became

Service Centers. It was believed that the new name would more properly

describe the services offered by the Clubhouse units and would eliminate

confusion arising between Canal Clubhouses and Armed Forces service units such as officers' clubs. An earthquake strong enough to awaken a number of Isthmian residents was recorded on the Balboa Heights seis- mograph in April 1954. The epicenter

of the temblor was estimated at about

150 miles from Balboa Heights.

One year c4yo

BRIG. GEN. W. P. LEBER, former

Lieutenant Governor of the Canal Zone

and Mrs. Leber, both received the Order

of Yasco Nunez de Balboa, one of Panama's highest honors, 1 year ago this month. The ceremony took place in the

Presidential Palace in Panama shortly before General Leber left the Isthmus

for his new post in Cincinnati.

Col. David S. Parker, who succeeded

General Leber as Lieutenant Governor,

signed his oath of office after being sworn into his new position.

The 3-month overhaul at Miraflores Locks was brought to a close last April

and both the east and west lanes resumed full operation. The work was

completed on schedule.

Views Canal History Through Looking Glass {Continued from p. 5)

Canal's photo studio. Accompanying his grandfather, who was a construction- days worker, he remembers climbing a

circular stairway to the top of the Administration Building rotunda to the

studio there. That's where license and

identification pictures were taken, and

when 8 x 10 prints were 15-200 each. The glass slides originally were stored

in the attic of the Administration Building. They were moved to Diablo when

the official photographer's studio was moved to that townsite from the Administration Building attic. Another move

brought the official photographer, his

files—and the glass slides—back to the Administration Building. Being glass, some suffered the consequences of the

various moves. Mr. Bouche who, of course, had

known of the existence of the glass

slides for years, volunteered to sort and

and catalog them—on his own time,

after working hours. The idea is to go through the envelopes containing the

(See p. 15)

.ACCIDENTSFOR

THIS MONTH

AND

THIS YEAR

MARCH

ALL UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

261(13)

771(36)] 48(9)

•63 1328(99i)

1599 998

( ) Locks Overhaul injuries Included In total.

12 April 1964
ANNIVERSARIES -

(On the basis of total Federal Service)

COMPTROLLERS OFFICE

William C. Grimes

Auditor

Leopold H. Anderson Motor Launch Captain

Samuel E. Taylor

Clerk

MARI

Stanley H. Davis

Seaman

Casper Henry

Seaman

Albert F. Pate Control Hou: transportTM©*'AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Wilfred A.. Boland

Automotive Equipment

Serviceman

Maximiliano Julio Painter (Maintenance) Gustave A. Moller Truck Driver (Heavy Trailer) Nathaniel Stephens

Truck Driver (Heavy)

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Charles T. Hedman

SfipNaaUMgnter Supervisor

wgeKelli

G AND

BUREAU

lant or Gas Turbines)

Felipe Fula Fireman (Floating Plant) Claudius Z. Gayle

Maintenanceman

(Transmission Lines) Eleuterio Labalsa Laborer (Cleaner) Ruben Skeete Quarrvman

Hubert F. Williams Seaman

ADMINISTRATIVE

SERVICES DIVISION

Francis A. Cutkelvin

File Clerk Lloyd Pinder Mail Clerk

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Luis Adames

Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator

(Small)

Margarito Castillo Laborer (Heavy)

Enid E. Herbert

Utility Worker

Marium M. White

General Supply Assistant (Typing)

Ralph E. Holder

Leader Laborer (Heavy)

Luis H. Gonzalez Laborer (Heavy)

Horacio Gonzalez Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator

(Small) Hezekiah A. Gordon

Waiter

Aurelio Guzman

High Lift Truck Operator

(Cold Storage) Rosa M. Kirven

Sales Clerk Marv A. Minto

Maid

Joseph Richards Leader High Lift Truck

Operator

MARINE BUREAU

Sielsus Bryan

Launch Operator Raul Chicas Boatman

Walter C. Cole

Pilot C. J. Gundersen

Pilot Felix A. Julienne Chauffeur Esrom Livingston

Seaman

Ivan Augustus Miles Line Handler (Deckhand) Horace L. Morgan

Helper Lock Operator

Jose D. Regalado

Line Handler (Deckha

. Russell

peratori Scheibe

N. F. Whitfield

Painter James M. Zelsman

Leader Lock Operator

(Machinist)

ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Carmine Ammirati

Lead Foreman Plasterer Tile and Block Setter Walter W. Carlson Lead Foreman

(Barge Maintenance)

Alejandro Flores Boatman

Luis Gonzalez

Helper Painter

Lisle E. Gorham

Central Office Repairman

George F. Reichel Chief Engineer, Towboat

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Jose Barraza

Tire Rebuilder John Fisher

Boiler Tender

Euelides Mayorga

Line Handler M. L. McCullough

Motor Transportation

Operations Officer Moses N. Raymond

Painter (Maintenance)

Hopeton G. Taylor

Leader (Ship Stevedoring)

CIVIL AFFFAIRS BUREAU

Obrien L. Bamett

Laborer (Cleaner) Santos D. Hidalgo Laborer (Cleaner) Ellen E. Johnson

Clerk-Typist

Genevieve P. Long

Teacher (Elementary,

U.S. Schools)

HEALTH BUREAU

Helen J. S. Bellinger

Staff Nurse (Tuberculosis) Martin J. De Silva Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery)

Reginald L. Esteban Nursing Assistant

(Psychiatry) Desiderio Gonzalez Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery)

Eloise M. Murphy

Accounting Clerk

Joffre R. Sauvageau

Nurse Anesthetist Celedonio Vergara

Cook

the Panama Canal Review 13
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

EMPLOYEES promoted or transferred between February 5 and April 5, 1964 (within-grade promotions and job

reclassifications are not listed)

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

DIVISION

William E. Burns, from Supervisor)' Photographer to Visual Information Specialist

(Chief, Graphic Branch).

Henry A. Thousand, Messenger to Mail

Clerk. OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL

Lillian B. Clarke, from Administrative Services Division to Clerk-Stenographer,

Office of General Counsel. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Francis A. Castles, Assistant Superintendent

U.S. Schools to Director of Schools.

Allison F. Goddard, Mary L. Knapp, Substitute Teachers to Teachers (U.S. Schools; Junior High).

Martha J. Hamilton, Marilyn W. Holquist, Doris M. Hunt, Substitute Teachers to Teachers (U.S. Schools; Elementary).

Elsie G. de Vega, Substitute Teacher to Teacher (U.S. School; Senior High). Claudia M. Lawton, Clerk-Typist to Clerk- Stenographer.

Joseph A. Forde, Laborer (Heavy) to Maintenanceman. Norman P. Sherwood, Laborer (Heavy) to Dressing-Room Attendant.

Police Division Jack C. Sutherland, Police Sergeant to Police Lieutenant. George H. Scoggin, Canal Zone Guide

(Interpreter) to Police Private. William R. Thrift, Window Clerk, Postal Division, to Police Private. Postal Division Richard C. Hogan, Finance Branch Superintendent to Relief Supervisor, Cristobal. James E. Harrell, Clerk-in-Charge, Window

Services, to Finance Branch Superintendent, Hodman.

Frank P. Sullivan, Relief Supervisor, Balboa

to Finance Branch Superintendent, Cristobal. John F. Martin, Window Clerk to Relief Supervisor, Balboa. Roy M. Walther, Window Clerk to Finance Branch Superintendent, Balboa,

Donald W. Mullins, Signalman, Navigation

Division, to Distribution Clerk, Substitute. Balboa, James L. Harding, Library Assistant to Window Clerk, Substitute. Herman E. Singh. Clerk. Customs Division,

to Window Clerk, Substitute. Edgar R, Ellis, Truck Driver to Distribution Clerk. Substitute. ENGINEERING AND

( INSTRUCTION BUREAU

Gil Valiente, Railroad Trackman. Railroad

Division to Laborer, Engineering Division. Electrical Division William H. Edmondson, General Foreman

I 1' • trical S\si, inx Maintenance) to Suisory Electronic Engineer (Electro- magnetics). Harland V. Howard, Electrical Engineer

(Utilization) to SuDervisory (Generation

and Transmission Power Ssstcm).

George W. Wertz, General Foreman (Marine Electrical) to Chief Foreman (Electrical Installation and Maintenance).

Austin E. Salter, Lead Foreman (Marine

Electrical) to General Foreman Electrician, Cristobal. Ewald A. Wiberg, Electronics Mechanic to Electronic Technician (General).

Electrical Division Jeanne S. Garcia, Clerk-Typist to Accounts Maintenance Clerk (Typing). Paul E. Ackerman, Electrician to Leader

Electrician, Cristobal. Robert W. Adams, Apprentice (Cablesplicer, 2d year) to Apprentice (Cablesplicer, 3d year). Catalino Sanchez, Helper Electrician (Lineman) to Maintenanceman (Transmission

Lines). Carlos Chanis, Laborer (Cleaner), Division

of Schools, to Helper Cable Splicer). Maintenance Division William J. Carson, Lead Foreman (Plumber)

to General Foreman (Maintenance

Shops). Albert H. Plumer, Lead Foreman (Refrig- eration and Air Conditioning) to General Foreman (Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic). Roderick N. MacDonnell, Plumber to Leader Plumber. Vemon C. Douglas, Lead Foreman (Public

Works-Road Construction) to Lead Fore- man (Public Works-Wharfbuilding).

John D. Mitchusson, Leader, Refrigeration

and Air Conditioning, to Lead Foreman,

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Mechanic. James P. Young, Jr., Leader Plumber to Lead Foreman (Plumber).

Mildmay C. Lamotte, Warehouseman to Clerk (Work Orders). Eric F. Yearwood, Laborer (Heavy) to Helper Roofer. Guy J. Alexander, Service Station Attendant

to Helper, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic.

Eric H. Brathwaite, Jr., Apprentice (Auto- motive Mechanic, 1st year) to Clerk. Samuel N. Haywood, Laborer to Warehouseman.

Bienvenido Ortega, Maintenance to Carpenter. Adrian R. Ellington, Painter (Maintenance)

to Painter. Arcadio M. Matamoros, Laboratory Helper

to Pipelayer.

Mark E. Bacchus, Laborer to Helper

Plumber. Adan Castillo, Loader Asphalt or Cement

Worker to Leader Paver. Kenneth R. Warner, Lead Foreman (Public

Works Road Repair) to Lead Foreman

(Public Works, Construction and Maintenance). Sidney I. Brooks, Leader Laborer (Heavy)

to Lead, r Asphalt or Cement Worker.

'

David S. Sinclair, Leader Asphalt or Cement Worker to Leader Cement

finisher. Normeno Bailey, Leader Asphalt or Cement

Worker to Leader Cement Finisher. Bruce A. Codrinton, Messenger to Painter. Dredging Division Hcrnan E. Barsallo, Engineering Draftsman

iMeehanical) to Construction Engineering Technician (Drafting).

Franklin S. Stabler, Clerk to Guard Supervisor. Klaus Reichert, Launch Captain to Master, Small Tug.

Humberto Camarena, Seaman to Oiler (Floating Plant). Richard M. Krise, Truck Driver to Guard

Supervisor.

Manuel Puga R., Laborer to Laborer

(Heavy). Charles W. Jarvis, Helper Carpenter to Carpenter (Maintenance).

Eugenio Navarro, Luis Toribio, Laborer to Laborer (Heavy).

Jose I. Abrego, Laborer (Cleaner) to Laborer (Heavy). Escanio Santos, Laborer (Heavy) to Boat- man. HEALTH BUREAU

Coco Solo Hospital Yvonne G. Ward, Accounting Clerk

(Typing) Printing Plant to Accounting

Clerk. Mary L. Parker, Clerk-Typist, Industrial Division, to Clerk-Typist. Palo Seco Hospital

Wilmoth L. Davis, Cook, Supply Division,

to Cook, Palo Seco Hospital. Division of Sanitation Pastor Chaves R., Exterminator to Biological Aid.

Division of Preventive Medicine

Josephine S. Watts, Staff-Nurse (Medicine

and Surgery) to Public Health Nurse. Gorgas Hospital

Rita G. Gibbons, Assistant Director of Nursing to Director of Nursing.

Irene A. Ladrach, Nurse Supervisor (General Medical and Surgical Hospital) to Assistant Director of Nursing.

Donna M. Mahrenholz, Staff Nurse to Staff Nurse (Medicine and Surgery). Antoinette C. Nowotny, Accounting Clerk, Supply Division to Clerk Gorgas Hospital.

George Maloney, Ward Service Aid to Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery). Wilfred M. Lynch ,Food Service Worker

to Hospital Food Service Worker. Abraham Espino S., Stevedore, Terminals

Division, to Hospital Attendant. MARINE BUREAU

Navigation Division Theophilus A. Wilson, Seaman (Launch) to Seaman.

Vivian S. Kirton, Laborer (Cleaner) to Laborer (Heavy).

Industrial Division Dianne M. Barnes, Clerk-Typist to Clerk- Stenographer, Cristobal. Bess B. McGloin, Clerk-Typist, Mainte- nance Division, to Clerk-Stenographer,

Cristobal. Samuel A. Hamilton, Laborer (Cleaner) to Guard.

Marcelino F. Gournet, Crane Hookman to Crane Hookman (Heavy),

Rudolph H. Gray, Crane Hookman to Crane Hookman (Heavy). Locks Division Jean G. Dockery, Time and Leave Supervisor (Typist) to Supervisory Timekeeper

(Typing).

14 April 1964
John M. Morrison, Lead Foreman (Lock

Operations) to General Foreman (Lock

Operations) Gatun. Hugh C. Christie, Lead Foreman (Lock

Operations) to General Foreman (Lock

Operations) Gatun. Rex V. Sellens, Leader Lock Operator

(Machinist) to Lead Foreman (Lock

Operations). Richard T. Raltozer, Lock Operator (Machinist) to Leader Lock Operator (Machinist). Glenn A. Lasher, Lock Operator (Electri- cian) to Leader Lock Operator (Electrician). Jesse W. Bumby, Charles J. Peterson, Electrician to Lock Operator (Electrician). Richard N. Phillips, Fred M. Gemmell,

Machinist to Lock Operator (Machinist). Leonard L. Miesse, Charles L. Griffin, Jr., Electrician to Lock Operator (Electrician). Lionel A. Daniel, Maintenanceman (Rope

and Wire Cable) to Leader Maintenance- man (Rope and Wire Cable). Harold S. Gaskin, Helper Lock Operator to Leader Maintenanceman (Rope and Wire

Cable). OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

Patrick F. Henry, Statistical Draftsman,

Accounting Office to Visual Information

Specialist, Budget and Rates Division. Luz E. Sedda, Clerk-Stenographer, Accounting Division, to Clerk-Stenographer,

Accounting Policies and Procedures

Staff. Rosanne Fulop, Clerk-Typist, Division of Preventive Medicine, to Clerk-Stenographer, Accounting Division. James M. Morgan ,Timekeeper, Dredging

Division, to Time, Leave and Payroll

Clerk, Payroll and Machine Accounting

Branch. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICES

Office of the General Manager

Erich L. Reinhardt, Assistant Retail Store Manager, to General Supply Assistant. Lynne M. Jones, Clerk-Typist to General Supply Assistant (Typing).

Supply Division Edwin F. Rigby, General Supply Officer to General Supply Officer (Superintendent Storehouse Branch). Elizabeth S. Coleman, Accounting Assistant

to Budget and Accounting Analyst.

Edward Inness, Assistant Retail Store Manager to Assistant Commissary Store Manager.

Mario A. Pezzotti, Retail Store Department

Manager (General) to Service Center

Supervisor.

Harold A. Lord, High Lift Truck Operator

to Crane Hookman.

Lester J. Clement, Laborer (Heavy) to High

Lift Truck Operator.

Hubert A. Mason, Warehouseman to Clerk. Gilbert A. Brown, Laborer (Heavy, Cold

Storage) to Warehouseman.

Eric C. Henry, Utility Worker to Laborer

(Heavy, Cold Storage). Vincent J. Carter, Laundry Worker (Heavy)

to Marker and Sorter. Inez B. Crawford, Counterwoman to Sales Clerk. Ellen L. Barton, Assistant Baker to Baker. William A. Whittaker, Marker and Sorter

to Leader Marker and Sorter. George W. Anderson, Warehouseman to Stockman. James Barnett, Laborer (Heavy) to Warehouseman.

{Continued from p. 12)

glass slides, evaluate and catalog the

contents and determine, in the procedure, which should be retained and

which are of no value to the Panama

Canal. The obective is to have an album

of positive plates available, from which

copies mav be ordered.

Sizing up the task before him, Mr. Bouche first sat down with a long sheet

of vellow paper before him and set up

some 69 categories that covered the

sets of locks. Madden Dam, and ships.

There are ships of all sorts, types,

classes, and fame. Approximately 600

pictures of ships have no duplicates,

and it is planned to retain these. About seven subjects have most

comprehensive coverage, he says. For

instance, the Panama Canal locks. Glass

negatives follow the progress of the building of the locks from the very be- ginnings when just brush and stakes

marked the start of an engineering

achievement.

Manv of the glass slides have been

cannibalized. Approximately 1,250 cannot be identified absolutely for there is no title, no inkling of what they may

represent.

Of the 16,000 glass negatives, says Mr. Bouche, eventually about 2,025 mav be retained. He already has about

50 drawers of rejects, 250 glass negatives to a drawer, to be disposed of in a manner to be determined by the Panama Canal. An undetermined number of the re- tained glass negatives will be screened

and a cross-section selected to represent the Panama Canal of yesteryear.

Mr. Bouche is not cleaning the glass

negatives. He just looks at each through

a viewer and then inserts each in a clean envelope, with proper identification and

file number.

Florencia Akins, Laborer to Laborer

(Heavy). Walter A. Clarke, Warehouseman to Stock Control Clerk. Cecil W. Haughton, Stock Control Clerk

to Supervisory Clerk. Joseph S. Parris, Warehouseman to Truck

Driver. Melvin P. Allen, Laborer (Cleaner) to Utility Worker.

Albert Winter, Laborer (Cleaner) to Utility Worker. COMMUNITY SERVICES DIVISION

Office of the Chief

Shirley E. Clymer, Clerk (Stenographer) to Supervisory Clerk-Typist (Stenography).

Jorge Lugardo, Laborer (Cleaner) to Laborer (Heavy).

TRANSPORTATION AND TERMINALS

BUREAU

Railroad Division

Eric E. Glascow, Marker and Sorter, Supply

Division, to Clerk, Railroad Division. Pedro Urriola, Lead Foreman High Lift Truck Operator to Lead Foreman (Materials Handling).

Edward S. W. Mendez, Clerk (Checker)

to Freight Clerk. Motor Transportation Division Reginald W. Graham, School Bus Driver

to Truck Driver (Heavy Trailer). David A. Armstrong, Truck Driver to Guard.

Gilberto Carranza, Truck Driver to School Bus Driver. Archibald H. Bailey, Jose Jones B., Geraldo

A. Myrie, Truck Driver to Truck Driver

(Heavy).

Aubrey D. Reefer, Augustus Lemon ,Rufus

A. Graves, Enrique W. Smith, Truck

Driver (Heavy) to Truck Driver (Heavy

Trailer). Terminals Division Ricardo Gordon, Laborer (Cleaner), Industrial Division, to Guard.

Ezequiel Espino G., Dock Worker to Stevedore. Alvin C. McFarlane, Clerk (Checker) to Guard. Ralph H. Austin, Line Handler to Leader

Line Handler.OTHERS

Francis X. Schloeder, Medical Officer (General Internal Medicine) Gorgas. Eleanor D. Burnham, Librarian (Administration). William R. Graham, Administrative Services Officer, Railroad Division. William S. Wigg, Supervisor)' Management

Technician, Administrative Services Division. Delia J. Noonan, Mail and File Supervisor,

Supply Division. Jacob C. Baker, Admeasurer, Navigation

Division. James Jones, Admeasurer, Navigation Division. Bertha I. Frensley, Secretary (Stenography),

Office of the Comptroller.

Edward H. Appin, Time, Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Payroll and Machine Accounting Branch. Fred B. Leslie, Police Private, Police Division. Elizabeth M. Costanzo, Management Technician, Administrative Services Division. Leonard Aguirre, Time, Leave, and Payroll

Clerk, Payroll and Machine Accounting

Branch. John G. Riley, Police Private, Police Division. Patricia Flores, Clerk-Stenographer, Industrial Division, Cristobal. Alexander Watt, Chief Engineer, Towboat,

Dredging Division. George F. Phillips, Master, Towboat,

Dredging Division. Hubert L. Gould, Detention Guard, Police

Division. Gaston E. Headley, Clerk, Navigation

Division. Lloyd O. Rogers, Freight Clerk, Railroad

Division.

The Panama Canal Review 15
Dutch Liners

o

Sold

HIPPING

TWO DUTCH passenger liners, which

have become well known Canal customers, will leave the round-the-world service this vear and start operating next year under the house flag of Achille Lauro of Naples, Italy. They are the Oranje and the Willem Ruys, originally

built as rivals on the Holland-East Indies

service. The Oranje, built for the Nederland Line in 1939, will call at the Canal

in June and July before being trans- ferred to her new owners. The Willem

Ruys, owned by the Rotterdam Lloyd,

is due here in May and September

before making her last trip in December.

According to C. B. Fenton & Co., agents

for the ships at the Canal, the Oranje

will make two cruises to Australia in August and September.

The Oranje was built in Amsterdam

and ran her trials in 1939 when she

achieved a speed of 26 knots, making

her the fastest motorship then in service. In 1941 she became a hospital ship for the Allies but returned to the HollandEast Indies service in 1946. When this operation was abandoned in 1958 she was reconditioned and placed on the round-the-world run from Amsterdam

and Southampton to Australasia via the Panama Canal returning via the Suez

Canal. The Willem Ruys was built in Flushing but had not reached the launching

stage when Holland was invaded. She

lay incomplete until after the war. She

ran her trials in November 1947, making

over 24 knots and then went on the Indonesian service until, like the Oranje,

she had to be withdrawn. With

23,114 gross tons, she has at present

accomodations for 1,045 passengers.

Automated Tanker

THE FIRST successful automatic control system for the steam generating

process of marine boilers is a feature of the Humble Oil and Refining Co. tanker SS Esso Neward, which runs through the Panama Canal between the U.S. east and west coasts with stops at Venezuela.

The system makes possible for the

first time the unattended operation of a tanker fireroom. According to a report in the Daily Commercial News and Shipping Guide, the history-making test of

tin automatic system was made in February on a 10,380 mile run from Baytown, Tex. passing through the Panama

TRANSITS BY OCEANGOING

VESSELS IN MARCH

1964 1963 Commercial 1,077 991

U.S. Government 23 31 Free 10 8

Total 1,110 1,030

TOLLS

Commercial $5,484,408 $5,085,705

U.S. Government. 106,155 155,605

Total.... $5,590,563 $5,241,310

CARGO00 Commercial 6,268,912 5,609,988

U.S. Government. 67,509 113,717 Free 42,580 51,038

Total.... 6,379,001 5,774,743

" Includes tolls on all vessels, oceangoing and

small. ""Cargo figures are in long tons.

Canal February 22, to San Francisco

and return to New York. For 29 full days, 24 hours a day, the new automatic control fired the boilers that drove the steam turbines propelling

the 27,000-ton tanker through good and

bad weather. Even the passage through

the Panama Canal and maneuvering in port was made under automatic control. Not once during the entire trip was there need for corrections from the ship's crew. The control was developed bv Peabodv

Engineering Corp. of New York

which envisions limitless possibilities for the svstem.

More Ships Being Built

AN INCREASE in the world shipyard

output in 1963 but a change in trends

in the principal shipbuilding countries

is shown in the Lloyd's Register Annual

Summary of Merchant Ships Launched

in the World. The report showed a total of 8,538,513 tons of shipping launched in 1963 or 163,759 tons more than in 1962.

Distribution of orders has been uneven. The report indicated that Japan has continued to forge ahead while Great

Britain has fallen just behind West

Germany. The position of both these countries is threatened by the steady

advance of Sweden. Other notable changes in the list of principal shipbuilding countries are the advance of

Italy from 9th to 5th place and the fall of the United States from 6th to 10th place.

Japan was the largest shipbuilder with

2,367,353 tons for 1963. Other countries

in order are West Germany, United

Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, France, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, United

States, Yugoslavia, Poland, Spain, Finland, Belgium, and Canada.

Bice by Bulk

RICE TRAVELS through the Panama

Canal in bulk these days. The initial bulk shipment, all 14,500 tons of it, arrived from the U.S. west coast early

in March aboard the SS Rice Queen, the

world's largest bulk rice carrier. It was on its way to San Juan, P.R.

The Holland-America Line's Rotterdam is shown passing under the Thatcher Ferry Bridge

escorted by two Panama Canal tugs. The ship arrived in Balboa April 8 on the last leg of a world cruise which started in New York. She was berthed in Balboa for a day to permit

her passengers to visit points of interest on the Isthmus. The Rotterdam, represented here by Pacific Ford, has been a regular visitor to the Canal during the winter cruise season.

16 April 1964




UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

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