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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

TALLAHASSEE DIVISION

FROMON D. JENRETTE,

D.O.C. # T20386,

Plaintiff,

vs. Case No. 4:20cv275-TKW-MAF

SERGEANT BARTELL

and OFFICER PUMPHREY,

Defendants.

_________________________/

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION

Plaintiff, proceeding pro se, filed a civil rights complaint pursuant to

42 U.S.C. § 1983, ECF No. 1, alleging that the two named Defendants

were deliberately indifferent to her1

 safety and failed to protect her from

sexual assault. Plaintiff was granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis,

ECF No. 5, and after service of process, Defendants filed answers to

Plaintiff’s complaint. ECF Nos. 30, 32. An Initial Scheduling Order was

entered in December 2020, ECF No. 31, and Defendants filed their

 1 Plaintiff’s complaint states that Plaintiff “is a trans-woman,” transitioning from male

to female. ECF No. 1 at 1. Plaintiff’s expressed preference for the use of female

pronouns is acknowledged. Id. 

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summary judgment motion on May 5, 2021. ECF No. 39. Plaintiff was

advised of her responsibility in responding to that motion, ECF No. 40,

Plaintiff’s opposition, ECF No. 47, was timely filed. 

Plaintiff has submitted numerous motions requesting the appointment

of counsel. In early June, three such motions were denied. ECF Nos. 41-

43, 45. Plaintiff has recently filed another motion requesting that counsel

be appointed. ECF No. 52. Ruling on that motion has been deferred

pending the recommendation to be made on the summary judgment

motion. This Report and Recommendation addresses that motion as well

as the pending summary judgment motion.

Standard of Review

“The court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that

there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). Thus,

summary judgment is proper “after adequate time for discovery and upon

motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish

the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which

that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett,

477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S. Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L. Ed. 2d 265 (1986). As

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noted above, the parties were provided a sufficient amount of time to

conduct discovery and no motions were filed requesting that time be

extended. 

The “party seeking summary judgment always bears the initial

responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion, and

identifying those portions of ‘the pleadings, depositions, answers to

interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any,’

which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material

fact.” Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 323, 106 S. Ct. at 2553. The non-moving

party must then show2

 though affidavits or other Rule 56 evidence “that

there is a genuine issue for trial” or “an absence of evidence to support the

nonmoving party’s case.” Id. at 325, 106 S. Ct. at 2554; Beard v. Banks,

548 U.S. 521, 529, 126 S. Ct. 2572, 2578, 165 L. Ed. 2d 697 (2006). 

 2 "Rule 56(e) . . . requires the nonmoving party to go beyond the pleadings and by

her own affidavits, or by the 'depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on

file,' designate 'specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.' " Owen v.

Wille, 117 F.3d 1235, 1236 (11th Cir. 1997), cert. denied 522 U.S. 1126 (1998) (quoting

Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324, 106 S. Ct. at 2553) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c), (e))). The

nonmoving party need not produce evidence in a form that would be admissible as Rule

56(e) permits opposition to a summary judgment motion by any of the kinds of

evidentiary materials listed in Rule 56(c). Owen, 117 F.3d at 1236; Celotex, 477 U.S. at

324, 106 S. Ct. at 2553.

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An issue of fact is “material” if it could affect the outcome of the case. 

Hickson Corp. v. Northern Crossarm Co., Inc., 357 F.3d 1256, 1259 (11th

Cir. 2004) (citations omitted). Additionally, “the issue of fact must be

‘genuine’” and the non-moving party “must do more than simply show that

there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.” Matsushita

Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S. Ct. 1348,

1356, 89 L. Ed. 2d 538 (1986) (other citations omitted). “The mere

existence of some factual dispute will not defeat summary judgment unless

that factual dispute is material to an issue affecting the outcome of the

case.” McCormick v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 333 F.3d 1234, 1243 (11th

Cir. 2003) (quoting Chapman v. AI Transp., 229 F.3d 1012, 1023 (11th Cir.

2000)). All reasonable inferences must be resolved in the light most

favorable to the nonmoving party, Sconiers v. Lockhart, 946 F.3d 1256,

1262-63 (11th Cir. 2020), and the Court must decide “whether the evidence

presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or

whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law.” 

Hickson Corp., 357 F.3d at 1260 (quoting Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 477

U.S. 242, 252, 106 S. Ct. 2505, 2505, 91 L. Ed. 2d 202 (1986)). 

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“Summary judgment is not a time for fact-finding; that task is reserved

for trial.” Sconiers, 946 F.3d at 1263 (11th Cir. 2020) (citing Tolan v.

Cotton, 572 U.S. 650, 655-57, 134 S. Ct. 1861, 188 L. Ed. 2d 895 (2014)). 

“[A]t the summary judgment stage the judge’s function is not himself to

weigh the evidence and determine the truth of the matter but to determine

whether there is a genuine issue for trial.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 249, 106

S. Ct. at 2511 (quoted in Sears v. Roberts, 922 F.3d 1199, 1205 (11th Cir.

2019)). Where there is a genuine dispute of material fact, summary

judgment must be denied. 

The relevant Rule 56(e) evidence

Plaintiff Jenrette is a “trans-woman” and was housed in the “special

housing unit” of Jefferson Correctional Institution’s administrative

confinement dormitory in May of 2018. ECF No. 47, Ex. A (Plaintiff’s

declaration) [ECF No. 47 at 6];3

 ECF No. 1 at 2 (complaint). Plaintiff has a

feminine voice, female appearance, and presentation. ECF No. 1 at 2. 

 3 Because Plaintiff does not have access to the Court’s electronic docket, references

are made to both the exhibit page and electronic page number.

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On May 15, 2018, correctional officers brought inmate Adams4 to

Plaintiff’s cell, but Adams told the officers that he could not be housed with

Plaintiff because Plaintiff was homosexual and Adams was a gang

member. ECF No. 47 at 6. Plaintiff said that inmate Adams acknowledged

that he was a gang member and told the officers that he would “beat” and

“f– up” the Plaintiff and kill her.5

 ECF No. 1 at 2, 3. The officers removed

Adams from Plaintiff’s cell, finding them “incompatible” based on Adams’

statement. ECF No. 47 at 6. 

Later that same day, after a shift change, the Defendants brought

inmate Adams back to Plaintiff’s assigned cell. Id.; see also ECF No. 1 at

3. Defendants Bartell and Pumphrey said that Adams would be placed in

Plaintiff’s cell “to prove a point” and show that “inmates will not dictate

housing.” ECF No. 47 at 6-7. Defendant Bartell advised that “housing

assignments were full” and inmate Adams needed to be housed with the

Plaintiff. ECF No. 1 at 5. Defendant Bartell also said that just because

 4 In light of the potential safety issues which will exist by identifying this inmate - who

is not a party to this litigation - a pseudonym has been used throughout this Report and

Recommendation when referring to this inmate.

 5

 The evidence includes a notation from the Inspector General’s report which states:

“Homosexuality is strictly forbidden by gang member charter by-laws which can be

punishable by harm/death to the gang member performing said acts.” Defendants’ Ex.

D [ECF No. 39-4 at 2].

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Plaintiff was trans-gender did not mean she would “receive special

treatment, or run things in solitary confinement.” Id. 

Plaintiff informed both Defendants that inmate Adams “had already

attacked” her “by non-verbal communication,” but Defendants told Plaintiff

that she “would not receive protection” and placed Adams in the cell with

Plaintiff. ECF No. 47 at 7. Plaintiff says that she begged them not to put

inmate Adams back in her cell, to no avail. Id. 

Later that evening, Plaintiff said that inmate Adams placed her in “a

choke-hold” and then sexually assaulted her.6

 ECF No. 1 at 7. Plaintiff

said that Adams forced her to perform oral sex and ejaculated in Plaintiff’s

mouth. Id. at 6-7; see also ECF No. 47 at 7. Plaintiff saved some of

Adams’ semen by spitting it into a plastic sandwich bag which was inside

her locker, and then hid the bag inside her pants. Id.; ECF No. 39,

Defendants’ Ex. D [ECF No. 39-4 at 2]. After the assault, Adams

threatened to kill Plaintiff if she told anyone about what happened. ECF

No. 39-4 at 2. 

 6 Plaintiff described inmate Adams “as a black male 6 feet tall, muscular build, and

weighing 200 pounds.” Defendants’ Ex. D [ECF No. 39-4 at 1]. 

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Plaintiff reported the assault the following day (May 16, 2018) and

filed a “prison rape elimination act complaint.” ECF No. 47 at 7; see also

Defendants’ Ex. C [ECF No. 39-3 at 1]. The Office of the Inspector

General conducted an investigation which was upgraded to a criminal

investigation in July 2018. Defendants’ Ex. D [ECF No. 39-4 at 1]. Inmate

Adams initially denied Plaintiff’s allegations, saying that he could not

interact with Plaintiff because he was a gang member. Id. at 2. However,

Plaintiff’s evidence (the sandwich bag) was turned over to the Florida

Department of Law Enforcement for DNA analysis. Id. The DNA results

supported Plaintiff’s sexual contact allegation and was a match to inmate

Adams; thus, it was recommended that inmate Adams “be presented with

the DNA and asked for comment.” Id. at 3-4. When inmate Adams was

asked to explain how “his DNA was found inside inmate Jenrette’s body,”

he recanted “his initial testimony” and admitted that he had lied. ECF No.

39-4 at 4. Adams then said “the oral sex was consensual by all parties

involved” and denied “choking, threatening by force, or” otherwise forcing

Plaintiff to “have any form of sex with him.” Id. Adams said that Plaintiff

Jenrette made the “allegations again him to be transferred.” Id. 

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The Inspector General’s Office suspended its investigation. Id.

Plaintiff contends that criminal prosecution was ultimately not pursued

against her attacker because inmate Adams was already serving a life

sentence.7

 ECF No. 47 at 7.

 At the time of the incident, Defendant Raymond Bartell was employed

at Jefferson C.I. as a Correctional Sergeant. Defendants’ Ex. A [ECF No.

39-1 at 1]. Defendant Bartell states in his declaration that he does “not

recall this incident or inmate Fromon Jenrette” (the Plaintiff), or that Plaintiff

claimed “to be transgender.” ECF No. 39-1 at 2, 3. Nevertheless,

Defendant Bartell denies all of Plaintiff’s allegations and states that if any

inmate had made claims about his safety if another inmate was placed in

his cell, he “would have contacted the shift Officer in Charge (OIC) for

authorization.” Id. Defendant Bartell said that he “did not have authority to

make placements” on his own. Id. He also said that he is unaware as to

who “authorized the placement of Adams in the same cell with Jenrette, but

[he] was not the one who did so.” Id. at 3. Defendant Bartell specifically

denies that either Plaintiff or Adams made any statements about not being

 7 The Inspector General’s report also indicated that the State Attorney’s Office

advised that if prosecution were “pursued, it [was] unlikely the defendant [would] receive

any meaningful sentence given his current life sentence.” ECF No. 39-4 at 3-4.

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housed together and, if they had, Defendant Bartell “would have advised

the OIC immediately.” Id. at 3.

 Defendant Adam Pumphrey was also employed at Jefferson C.I. at

the time of this incident; he worked as a Correctional Officer. Defendants’

Ex. B [ECF No. 39-2 at 1]. Defendant Pumphrey similarly states in his

declaration that he does “not recall this incident” or the Plaintiff or that

Plaintiff claimed to be transgender. ECF No. 39-2 at 2, 3. However, he

denies all of Plaintiff’s allegations, including that Defendant Pumphrey

ignored Plaintiff’s request to not have Adams placed in her cell. Id. at 2. 

Defendant Pumphrey states that he has “never knowingly endangered an

inmate by placing him in a cell with someone who was a risk factor to him

as determined by higher authorities. Id. Defendant Pumphrey also

declares that had Plaintiff stated that she had a fear for her safety,

Pumphrey “would have alerted a higher authority, who then could have

made a determination of whether protective custody was appropriate.” Id.

Defendant Pumphrey states that he “would never have simply ignored any

such request.” Id. at 3. Likewise, he denies that either Plaintiff or Adams

made any statements about not being housed together and, if they had,

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Defendant Pumphrey “would have advised a higher level authority

immediately.” Id.

ANALYSIS 

The Eighth Amendment governs the conditions under which

convicted prisoners are confined and the treatment they receive while in

prison. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832, 114 S. Ct. 1970, 128 L. Ed.

2d 811 (1994). Although the Amendment does not require comfortable

prisons, it prohibits inhumane ones. Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337,

349, 101 S. Ct. 2392, 2400, 69 L. Ed. 2d 59 (1981) (cited in Farmer, 511

U.S. at 832, 114 S. Ct. at 1976). The Eighth Amendment guarantees that

prisoners will not be deprived of the “minimal civilized measure of life’s

necessities,” Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347, 101 S.Ct. 2392,

2399, 69 L.Ed.2d 59 (1981) (quoted in Chandler v. Crosby, 379 F.3d 1278,

1289 (11th Cir. 2004)), which includes “food, clothing, shelter, sanitation,

medical care, and personal safety.” Harris v. Thigpen, 941 F.2d 1495,

1511 (11th Cir. 1991) (cited in Collins v. Homestead Corr.l Inst., 452

F.App’x 848, 850-851 (11th Cir. 2011)). The Amendment also imposes

duties on prison officials who “must ensure that inmates receive adequate

food, clothing, shelter, and medical care, and must ‘take reasonable

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measures to guarantee the safety of the inmates,’ Hudson v. Palmer, 468

U.S. 517, 526-527, 104 S. Ct. 3194, 3200, 82 L. Ed. 2d 393 (1984).” 

Farmer, 511 U.S. at 832, 114 S. Ct. at 1976. 

“A prison official’s ‘deliberate indifference’ to a substantial risk of

serious harm to an inmate violates the Eighth Amendment.” 511 U.S. at

828–29, 114 S. Ct. at 1974 (citing Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 113 S.

Ct. 2475, 125 L. Ed. 2d 22 (1993); Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 111 S.

Ct. 2321, 115 L. Ed. 2d 271 (1991); Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 97 S.

Ct. 285, 50 L. Ed. 2d 251 (1976)). It has been well established since

Farmer that “prison officials have a duty ... to protect prisoners from

violence at the hands of other prisoners.” 511 U.S. at 833, 114 S. Ct. at

1976 (noting that “gratuitously allowing the beating or rape of one prisoner

by another serves no ‘legitimate penological objectiv[e]’”) (citations

omitted); see also Washington v. Warden, 847 F. App’x 734, 737 (11th Cir.

2021), cert. denied 2021 WL 4508715 (U.S. Oct. 4, 2021). Thus, “a prison

official may be held liable under the Eighth Amendment for denying

humane conditions of confinement only if he knows that inmates face a

substantial risk of serious harm and disregards that risk by failing to take

reasonable measures to abate it.” Id. at 847, 114 S. Ct. at 1984

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In a failure to prevent harm case, the inmate must show that prison

officials “acted with deliberate indifference to a substantial risk of serious

harm.” Washington, 847 F. App’x at 737; Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834, 114 S.

Ct. at 1977. Plaintiff has presented evidence to meet that burden. Plaintiff

has demonstrated that Defendants were given notice that inmate Adams

would physically attack her because she was either transgender or

homosexual. It has been undisputed that Plaintiff has a feminine voice,

female appearance, and presentation. However, Defendants deny that

either Plaintiff or Adams made statements to them about not being housed

together, they deny knowing Plaintiff is transgender, and they deny

knowing Plaintiff was in fear of her safety if housed with inmate Adams. 

That is a genuine dispute of material fact. 

In addition to showing that a substantial risk of serious harm existed,

a prisoner must show that the defendant prison officials were deliberately

indifferent to that risk of harm. Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837, 114 S. Ct. at

1979; Marbury v. Warden, 936 F.3d 1227, 1233 (11th Cir. 2019). Doing so

requires “both a subjective and an objective component.” Marbury, 936

F.3d at 1233. “Subjectively, the ‘official must both be aware of facts from

which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm

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exists, and ... also draw the inference.’” 936 F.3d at 1233 (citation

omitted). “Objectively, the official must have responded to the known risk

in an unreasonable manner, in that he or she ‘knew of ways to reduce the

harm’ but knowingly or recklessly declined to act.” 936 F.3d at 1233

(citation omitted). 

Again, there is a genuine dispute of fact between the parties. 

Defendants deny any knowledge of a need for protection. However,

Plaintiff has presented evidence that Defendants were personally advised

by Plaintiff that she needed protection from inmate Adams. Plaintiff states

that she begged the Defendants not to put inmate Adams in her cell. 

Moreover, at the summary judgment stage of litigation, all reasonable

inferences must be resolved in the light most favorable to the nonmoving

party, in this case, the Plaintiff. Plaintiff presented evidence that earlier in

the day, prison officials brought inmate Adams to be housed in the same

cell with Plaintiff. Inmate Adams told them that he could not be housed

with Plaintiff because he was in a gang and Plaintiff was homosexual. He

said that he would “beat” and “f– up” the Plaintiff. Based on those

statements, the prison officials did not house Adams with Plaintiff. 

Undoubtedly, paperwork that was prepared based on the changed housing

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assignment. Moreover, Plaintiff’s evidence is that when the Defendants

came to Plaintiff’s cell, the Defendants said that Adams would be placed in

Plaintiff’s cell “to prove a point” and show that “inmates will not dictate

housing.” Those statements support finding that the Defendants were

aware that housing Plaintiff with inmate Adams presented a security risk

which other officials had deemed credible and justified a change in

housing. The inference which must be given is that Defendants were

aware of that earlier incident and knew of a specific threat to Plaintiff from a

specific inmate. Washington, 847 F. App’x at 738. 

Beyond the specific risk to Plaintiff, the inference from Defendants’

Inspector General’s Report is that Defendants would also be aware of the

substantial risk of harm in housing a gang member with a “feminine”

prisoner who is either homosexual or transgender. While that inference

may support only a general threat of potential violence, see Washington,

847 F. App’x at 738, when coupled with the more specific threat from

inmate Adams, the prior housing change, and Plaintiff’s repeated request

for protection, it must be inferred that Defendants were subjectively aware

of facts which presented a substantial risk of serious harm to Plaintiff and,

objectively, the Defendants responded to that risk “in an unreasonable

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manner” by seeking to “prove a point” that prisoners would not control

housing decisions. 

Finally, Plaintiff has demonstrated the “necessary causal link”

between the officer’s failure to act reasonably and the plaintiff's injury.” 

Marbury, 936 F.3d at 1233. Plaintiff’s evidence reveals that inmate Adams

was placed in his cell by the Defendants, thereby creating the opportunity

for Adams to sexually assault Plaintiff. But for that placement, the

likelihood that Adams could assault Plaintiff would be drastically reduced. 

Plaintiff has come forward with specific facts showing there is a

genuine issue for trial. If Plaintiff’s evidence is believed, the Defendants

were aware of a substantial and specific risk of harm to Plaintiff but

“recklessly declined to act” to protect him and violated Plaintiff’s Eighth

Amendment rights. See Marbury, 936 F.3d at 1233. If Defendants’

evidence is believed, they were unaware of any risk of harm to Plaintiff and

cannot be held liable for Plaintiff’s injury. In this case, there is a genuine

dispute of material fact which requires the denial of Defendants’ summary

judgment motion. 

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RECOMMENDATION

It is respectfully RECOMMENDED that Defendants’ motion for

summary judgment, ECF No. 39, be DENIED because there is a genuine

dispute of material fact, and this case be REMANDED to the undersigned

for further proceedings. It is also RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff’s motion

for the appointment of counsel, ECF No. 52, be GRANTED. 

IN CHAMBERS at Tallahassee, Florida, on October 21, 2021.

 S/ Martin A. Fitzpatrick 

MARTIN A. FITZPATRICK

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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NOTICE TO THE PARTIES

Within fourteen (14) days after being served with a copy of this

Report and Recommendation, a party may serve and file specific written

objections to these proposed findings and recommendations. Fed. R.

Civ. P. 72(b)(2). A copy of the objections shall be served upon all other

parties. A party may respond to another party’s objections within

fourteen (14) days after being served with a copy thereof. Fed. R. Civ.

P. 72(b)(2). Any different deadline that may appear on the electronic

docket is for the Court’s internal use only and does not control. If a

party fails to object to the Magistrate Judge’s findings or

recommendations as to any particular claim or issue contained in this

Report and Recommendation, that party waives the right to challenge on

appeal the District Court’s order based on the unobjected-to factual and

legal conclusions. See 11th Cir. Rule 3-1; 28 U.S.C. § 636.

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