Working 

Paper 

Manufacturing Policy Project 

P.O. Box 422 

Sperryville, VA 22740 

The research paper was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. It is 

posted to the Commission’s website in order to promote greater public understanding of the issues 

addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and 

their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by P.L. 106-398 and P.L. 108-7. Posting to the 

Commission’s website does not imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual 

Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in the paper.

U.S.-China 

Advanced Technology Trade 

An Analysis 

For 

U.S.-China Economic and Security Review 

Commission 

By Pat Choate & Edward A. Miller 

Manufacturing Policy Project 

Washington, Virginia 

April 2005 
1

About the Authors 

Pat Choate is Director of the Manufacturing Policy Project. He previously has worked as 

Commissioner of Economic and Community Development for the State of Tennessee, 

Regional Administrator and Director of Research for the U.S. Department of 

Commerce’s Economic Development Administration and as Vice President of Public 

Policy at TRW, Inc. He is the author of several books on regional and national 

development including America in Ruins: The Decaying Infrastructure, The High-Flex 

Society, Agents of Influence and Thinking Strategically. His latest book is a study of 

intellectual property in the global economy -- Hot Property: The Stealing of Ideas in an 

Age of Globalization (published by Alfred Knopf Inc.). 

Edward A. Miller is President of DSI, Inc., a technology and management consulting 

company. He previously was the founder and President of the National Center for 

Manufacturing Sciences in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The Center was one of the largest 

collaborative research organizations in the United States, funding approximately one and 

one-half billion dollars of national research on process and manufacturing technology. 

DSI, Inc., assists advanced technology companies create and implement their research, 

development and business strategies. 

About the Manufacturing Policy Project 

MPP is a nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization that undertakes public policyrelated studies. The MPP reports, books and related materials examine issues central to 

the continuing development of the U.S. economy. 

The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission contracted this as an 

independent working paper. It represents the view of the authors and should not be 

considered as having the endorsement of the Commission or any individual 

Commissioner. 
2

U.S.-China 

Advanced Technology Products Trade 

The creation, development and maintenance of high technology industries are central to 

the development strategies of all advanced economies. The high growth nations of Asia 

have been particularly attentive to such industries, seeking the innovation, market share, 

new products and efficiencies that such industries bring. These countries want the better 

jobs, higher wages and expanded knowledge these industries facilitate. 

A measure of a nation’s effectiveness in advancing its economy into such industries is its 

trade in advanced technology products. 

The major findings of this paper are: 

• China is a major producer of advanced technology products, shipping $45 billion 

of such goods to the United States in 2004 – nineteen percent of all U.S. ATP 

imports. 

• China is a major U.S. supplier of Opto-electronics, information and 

communications equipment, and electronics. 

• China and ten of the nations surrounding it (the China Sphere) now supply 59 

percent of all ATP products imported into the U.S. 

• The China Sphere supplies the United States with 18 percent of all imported ATP 

Life Science products, 60 percent of Opto-electronics, 77 percent of information 

and equipment ATP, 52 percent of electronics ATP, 53 percent of flexible 

manufacturing ATP, and 67 percent of advanced materials ATP. 

• The U.S. ran a $60 billion ATP trade deficit with the China Sphere in 2004. 

• The U.S. imported $140 billion of Advanced Technology Products from the 

China Sphere in 2004, which is 270 percent more than it imported from the 

European Union. 

________________________________ 
3

What are Advanced Technology Products? 

The commodity classification codes used to report U.S. merchandise trade are about 

22,000 in number. This permits detailed identification of individual products. Of these 

22,000 items, the U.S. Commerce Department has identified roughly 500 items as 

“advanced technology” codes. 

The chosen codes come from an acknowledged high-technology industry with products 

that are leading edge in that field. 

The Commerce Department changes what makes up the 500 items from time to time to 

reflect technological changes. The ultimate result is a monthly reporting by the 

Commerce Department of trade in Advanced Technology Products (ATP). To provide 

detail, the ATP reports are divided into 10 fields, as follows: 

(01) Biotechnology -- Focuses on medical and industrial applications of advanced 

scientific discoveries in genetics to the creation of new drugs, hormones and other 

therapeutic items for both agricultural and human use. 

(02) Life Science -- Concentrates on the application of scientific advances (other than 

biological) to medical science. Recent advances, such as nuclear resonance imaging, 

echocardiography, and novel chemistry, coupled with new production techniques for 

the manufacture of drugs have led to many new products for the control or eradication 

of disease. 

(03) Opto-Electronics -- Encompasses electronic products and components that involve 

the emitting and/or detection of light. Examples of products included are optical 

scanners, optical disc players, solar cells, photosensitive semiconductors and laser 

printers. 

(04) Information & Communications -- Focuses on products that are able to process 

increased volumes of information in shorter periods. Includes central processing 

units, all computers and some peripheral units such as disk drive units and control 

units, along with modems, facsimile machines and telephonic switching apparatus. 

Examples of other products included are radar apparatus and communication 

satellites. 

(05) Electronics -- Concentrates on recent design advances in electronic components (with 

the exception of opto-electronic components) that result in improved performance and 

capacity and in many cases reduced size. Products included are integrated circuits, 

multi-layer printed circuit boards and surface-mounted components such as capacitors 

and resistors. 

(06) Flexible Manufacturing -- Encompasses advances in robotics, numericallycontrolled machine tools, and similar products involving industrial automation that 

allow for greater flexibility to the manufacturing process and reduce the amount of 
4

human intervention. Includes robots, numerically controlled machine tools and 

semiconductor production and assembly machines. 

(07) Advanced Materials -- Encompasses recent advances in the development of 

materials that allow for further development and application of other advanced 

technologies. Examples are semiconductor materials, optical fiber cable and video 

discs. 

(08) Aerospace -- Encompasses most new military and civil helicopters, airplanes and 

spacecraft (with the exception of communications satellites that are included under 

Information & Communications Technology). Other products included are turbojet 

aircraft engines, flight simulators and automatic pilots.

(09) Weapons -- Primarily encompasses products with military application. Includes such 

products as guided missiles and parts, bombs, torpedoes, mines, missiles, rocket 

launchers and some firearms. 

(10) Nuclear Technology -- Encompasses nuclear power production apparatus. Includes 

nuclear reactors and parts, isotopic separation equipment and fuel cartridges. 

Excludes nuclear medical apparatus, which is included under Life Science 

Technology. 

Each month, the Commerce Department provides monthly and year-to-date data on U.S. 

ATP trade both country-by-country and by each of these 10 items. 

How does the ATP reporting differ from broader industry-based measures? 

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) identifies five 

science-based industries that manufacture products and do high levels of research and 

development as “high technology industries.” They are: 

(01) Aerospace; 

(02) Pharmaceuticals; 

(03) Computers and office machines; 

(04) Communications Equipment; 

(05) Scientific instruments. 

The National Science Foundation uses this classification in their Science Indicator

reports. Generally, reportage on these industry groups includes all goods produced, 

regardless of the level of technology in the goods. 

ATP reportage, by contrast, is on the 500 or so products that are both leading edge 

technology and that constitute what the Commerce Department terms “a significant part” 

of the reported item. 
5

Why do “high-technology” industries and advanced technology products matter? 

The production of advanced technology products requires research and development 

whose benefits often extend into other areas. The work generally requires higher skilled, 

better-educated and better-paid participants. Often, the development of such goods 

results in new products and thus new markets, such as the iPod, that can produce a wide 

array of spin-offs. 

The National Science Foundation reports in “Science & Engineering Indicators – 2004” 

that the global markets for high-technology products are growing at a much faster rate 

than conventional manufacturers – 6.5 percent v. 2.4 percent in the 22-year period 1980-

2001. 

Over the past two decades, the United States has increasingly focused it policies toward 

encouraging the production of higher value-added, technology-driven manufactures. The 

NSF reports that in the 1980s roughly 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing production was 

in such industries. By 2001, this had risen to about 23 percent of U.S. manufacturing 

output. Japan and the European countries experienced the same shift. Japan went from 

having 7.3 percent of its industrial output being high technology based in 1980 to more 

than 15 percent in 2001. 

During the decades of the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was able to command 

slightly more than 30 percent of the global high-technology market. Japan’s share stood 

at almost 20 percent in the early 1980s and then dropped to less than 14 percent by 2001. 

Not reflected in these numbers is the vast amount of foreign direct investment and 

production that Japan made during that period – often shifting advanced production 

outside of that nation. Nor does this data capture the commanding lead Japanese 

companies have taken in advanced manufacturing. 

The China Factor 

China is now the world’s largest recipient of foreign direct investment. Despite the scale, 

which now exceeds $50 billion annually, Chinese leaders have approached their national 

development in a systematic and far-looking manner. They, too, realize the benefits to be 

derived from advanced technology production and high-tech industries. Accordingly, 

they have encouraged such investment with many and substantial incentives – some 

positive and some negative. As a result, most of the major corporations from Europe, 

Japan and the United States have shifted a substantial portion of their operations to 

China, including major portions of their research and development activities. Among 

these investments are those geared to the production of advanced technology products. 

The combination of (a) the Chinese development of its domestic capacities and (b) the 

recruitment of foreign facilities is made evident by both the scale and diversity of 

Chinese advanced technology production and foreign direct investment. Beginning from 

virtually zero ATP trade 20 years ago, China exported more than $45 billion of ATP 
6

goods to the United States in 2004, creating a $36 billion U.S. deficit in such transactions 

between the two nations. 

Specifically, as illustrated in tables 1-10, China ran an ATP surplus with the United 

States in biotechnology, opto-electronics, information and communications, advanced 

materials, weapons trade, and nuclear technology goods. 

In the fields of information and communications ATP, China supplies 31 percent of all 

U.S. imports – a market share that promises to expand in the years immediately ahead. 

The China Sphere 

Because China is an emerging global power, we thought it useful to also analyze the ATP 

production and trade with nations geographically close to China. The nations or cities 

that we label “The China Sphere,” as in “sphere of influence,” are China itself, Hong 

Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, 

Thailand and Vietnam. Others could have been added, but for this working paper, these 

eleven were chosen. 

We also included for matters of comparison the European Union and its ATP trade with 

the United States. 

While prior attention has focused generally on China, Japan or others in this sphere, a 

look at the region reveals the existence of a mighty scientific, technological and advanced 

manufacturing powerhouse. In 2004, the China Sphere had a $60 billion surplus in ATP 

trade with the United States. Of the $238 billion of ATP goods the U.S. imported last 

year, $140 billion came from that region versus $51 billion from the European Union. 

In 2004, the United States relied on the China Sphere to provide 18 percent of its Life 

Science ATP imports, 60 percent of the opto-electronics, 77 percent of the information 

and communications ATP imports, 52 percent of the electronics, 53 percent of the 

flexible manufacturing ATP and 68 percent of the ATP advanced materials imported. 

The “Kyosei” Factor 

In Japanese “kyosei” translates as “symbiosis” or mutual prosperity. The more appropriate 

English translation is “dependence” because that is the result. 

Japan now holds a monopolistic, technological leadership in dozens of commodity and advanced 

industries. Eamonn Fingleton, a financial writer living in Tokyo since 1985, revealed the extent 

of such U.S. dependency in his book Blindside. 
7

Fingleton estimates that such monopolistic leadership is a factor in almost one-third of Japan’s 

exports. Simply put, Japan effectively manages hundreds of U.S. industries by its oversight of 

key technologies. If Japan cuts the supply, the American economy stops. 

Fingleton distinguishes between two key forms of intellectual property involved in 

manufacturing – product concepts and manufacturing processes. He notes that while American 

consumers are more interested in the products, the manufacturing processes are a far more 

important factor in the economic competition among different countries. A U.S. company may 

be able to design an advanced portable computer, but few American producers, if any, could 

manufacture it today. 

According to Fingleton, the Japanese have negotiated hundreds of deals with U.S. corporations 

by which they will do the design, software, creative and marketing side of the business and the 

Japanese will perform the advanced manufacturing. The Japanese name for all this is Kyosei or 

the Kyosei Movement. 

Now, thousands of U.S. manufactures, often unwillingly, are shifting their production to China 

or some other locale in the China Sphere. Inevitably, such shift gives foreign officials a certain 

control of those operations, whether it be export and sale limitations or forced technology 

sharing. In times of national emergency, shipments to the United States could be limited or 

restricted. 

The dependency risk for the United States is that Japan will expand its technological monopolies 

and China will increasingly be the locale for facilities that produce advanced technology 

products vital to the United States. 

Recommendations 

The United States’ economy is so large and powerful, and its scientific and technological 

leadership has long been so overwhelming that the nation could ignore potential technologybased flaws, traps and dangers. But that era is quickly ending. Much as before World War II, 

the United States faces a future of real technological and manufacturing competition. 

Fortunately, unlike in the past, the United States has a strong information and data collection 

capacity in place. It needs to be mobilized to prepare some basic information for U.S. 

policymakers. 

Thus, we recommend that this Commission contract with the U.S. Department of Commerce to 

prepare a series of special data tabulations on the U.S. ATP trade with the world. The 

Department has the capacity to provide detailed calculations on the nation-by-nation trade of the 

500 items it defines as “Advanced Technology Products.” It is likely that several vital products 

in that grouping are largely or entirely produced in a locale within the China Sphere. Those 

items need identification for the “chokehold” threats such dependency may represent. 
8

Equally important, reportage on the overall ATP trade relationship between the United States and 

other nations, particularly the China Sphere, can usefully serve to educate the public about the 

future competitive challenges the nation faces and the need for more refined policies in areas 

such as the role of higher education, support for science and technology, intellectual property 

rules and enforcement and trade policy. 

Thus, we recommend that the Commission consider issuing regular reports on the U.S. ATP 

trade with China, the China Sphere and the rest of the world – much as the Labor Department 

does on employment. Ideally, the Commerce Department could prepare this information for the 

Commission in a far more usable form than it is now presented to the general public. The tables 

contained in this report could be updated, for instance, by the Commerce Department. This and 

other information, combined with data about U.S. domestic production and consumption of ATP 

goods, would allow our leaders to constantly monitor for possible “kyosei” situations. 
9

Summary 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005. 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world.

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total 

9,401,201 

6,370,677 

220,650 

18,163,485 

7,554,732 

4,835,973 

10,158,419 

10,341,435 

9,952,165 

2,531,348 

474,866 

80,004,951

56,168,704

201,454,000

45,698,158 

1,122,874 

1,123,279 

23,876,918 

18,203,981 

3,809,092 

10,804,577 

17,977,823 

12,810,444 

4,598,043 

12,257 

140,037,446

51,345,609

238,478,000

(36,296,957) 

5,247,803 

(903,224) 

(5,713,433) 

(10,649,249) 

1,026,881 

(646,158) 

(7,636,388) 

(2,858,279) 

(2,066,695) 

462,609 

(60,032,495) 

4,823,095 

(37,024,000)

19.1 

0.4 

0.4 

1.0 

7.6 

1.5 

4.5 

7.5 

5.3 

1.9 

0.0 

58.7 

21.5 

---- 
10

Table 1 

Biotechnology 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 11,500 

 8,922 

 4,893 

 259,232 

 6,801 

 8,155 

 5,398 

 39,915 

 27,861 

 11,092 

 2,165 

 385,934 

 2,563,005 

 3,743,226 

 16,322 

 52 

 519 

 19,080 

 0 

 0 

 120 

 2,124 

 1,646 

 0 

 0 

 39,863 

 1,822,733 

 1,967,444 

 (4,822) 

 8,870 

 4,374 

 240,152 

 6,801 

 8,155 

 5,278 

 37,791 

 26,215 

 11,092 

 2,165 

 346,071 

 740,272 

 1,775,782 

0.8 

0.0 

0.0 

0.9 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.1 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.0 

 37.6 

---- 

 
11

Table 2 

Life Science 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 

 725,295 

 297,697 

 9,488 

 2,070,336 

 71,004 

 28,404 

 191,683 

 386,856 

 216,366 

 87,783 

 14,759 

 4,128,075 

 6,282,898 

 14,515,912

 577,527 

 15,699 

 777 

 2,006,539 

 26,449 

 13,603 

 1,328,118 

 109,950 

 113,402 

 12,019 

 1,285 

 4,205,368 

 22,892,525 

 32,799,021 

 147,768 

 281,998 

 8,711 

 63,797 

 44,555 

 14,801 

 (1,136,435) 

 276,906 

 205,064 

 75,764 

 13,474 

 (77,293) 

 (16,609,627) 

 (18,283,109)

1.7 

0.0 

0.0 

6.1 

0.0 

0.0 

4.0 

0.3 

0.3 

0.0 

0.0 

18.3 

69.7 

------ 
12

Table 3 

Opto-Electronics 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 178,999 

 86,694 

 666 

 544,786 

 41,174 

 15,813 

 183,973 

 185,568 

 512,160 

 33,445 

 772 

 1,784,050 

 957,097 

 3,506,416

 1,652,917 

 11,278 

 78,781 

 1,624,259 

 135,659 

 66,811 

 123,875 

 500,830 

 293,249 

 173,054 

 472 

 4,661,185 

 676,657 

 7,795,016

 (1,473,918) 

 75,416 

 (78,115) 

 (1,079,473) 

 (94,485) 

 (50,998) 

 60,098 

 (315,262) 

 218,911 

 (139,609) 

 300 

 (2,877,135) 

 280,440 

 (4,288,600)

21.2 

0.0 

1.0 

20.8 

1.7 

0.8 

1.5 

6.4 

3.7 

2.2 

0.0 

59.7 

8.6

---- 
13

Table 4 

Information & Communications 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 2,156,378 

 1,635,297 

 86,030 

 4,191,831 

 819,470 

 173,724 

 1,949,554 

 1,220,219 

 1,240,459 

 753,775 

 35,372 

 14,262,109 

 15,236,472 

 59,210,057 

 41,380,304 

 786,267

 871,777 

 12,077,834 

 14,231,831 

 1,368,606 

 7,537,776 

 12,742,782 

 8,077,139 

 3,758,639 

 6,919 

 102,839,874 

 

 7,484,779 

 132,538,953 

 

 (39,223,926) 

 849,030 

 (785,747) 

 (7,886,003) 

 (13,412,361) 

 (1,194,882) 

 (5,588,222) 

 (11,522,563) 

 (6,836,680) 

 (3,004,864) 

 34,673 

 (88,577,765) 

 7,751,693 

 (73,328,896) 

31.2 

0.5 

0.6 

9.1 

10.7 

1.0 

5.6 

9.6 

6.0 

2.8 

0.0 

77.1 

5.6 

---- 
14

Table 5 

Electronics 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005. 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 3,049,582 

 3,888,500 

 42,532 

 2,245,365 

 5,549,798 

 4,243,115 

 3,165,140 

 4,696,218 

 3,868,676 

 1,365,561 

 20,721 

 32,135,208 

 5,038,597 

 48,654,377 

 1,420,578 

 282,049 

 162,403 

 2,800,813 

 3,557,489 

 2,338,484 

 1,493,236 

 4,082,507 

 3,935,323 

 615,880 

 2,871 

 17,489,633 

 

 3,047,292 

 27,453,953 

 1,629,004 

 3,806,451 

 (119,871) 

 (555,448) 

 1,992,309 

 1,904,631 

 1,671,904 

 613,711 

 66,647 

 749,681 

 17,850 

 14,276,105 

 1,991,305 

 21,200,424

5.1 

1.0 

0.5 

10.2 

12.9 

8.5 

5.4 

14.8 

14.0 

2.2 

0.0 

52.0 

7.2 

------ 
15

Table 6 

Flexible Manufacturing 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005. 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 1,188,238 

 169,723 

 5,479 

 1,819,864 

 345,524 

 242,781 

 1,260,087 

 1,380,817 

 2,229,501 

 86,681 

 2,780 

 8,578,675 

 1,878,599 

 13,044,281 

 250,021 

 14,734 

 1,052 

 3,055,705 

 198,818 

 3,002 

 131,070 

 180,266 

 199,254 

 24,181 

 698 

 4,058,801 

 3,047,292 

 7,587,168 

 938,217 

 154,989 

 4,427 

 (1,235,841) 

 146,706 

 239,779 

 1,079,821 

 1,249,747 

 2,030,247 

 62,500 

 2082 

 4,519,856 

 (1,168,693) 

 5,457,113 

3.2 

0.1 

0.0 

40.2 

2.6 

0.0 

1.7 

2.3 

2.6 

0.3 

0.0 

53.4 

40.1 

---- 
16

Table 7 

Advanced Materials 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 46,924 

 51,360 

 3,631 

 159,183 

 20,477 

 710 

 62,960 

 68,989 

 1,597,728 

 2,990 

 2,309 

 2,017,261 

 339,741 

 1,137,185

 96,501 

 1,520 

 5,444 

 841,336 

 34,929 

 652 

 48,295 

 118,883 

 57,797 

 12,317 

 12 

 1,217,686 

 392,047 

 1,794,374

 (49,577) 

 49840 

 (1,813) 

 (682,153) 

 (14,452) 

 58 

 14,665 

 (49,894) 

 1,539,931 

 (9,327) 

 2,297 

 799,575 

 (52,306) 

 (657,189)

 

5.3 

0.0 

0.3 

46.8 

1.9 

0.0 

2.6 

6.6 

3.2 

0.6 

0.0 

67.8 

21.8

---- 
17

Table 8 

Aerospace 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of 

ATP Imported 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 1,987,038 

 213,965 

 65,814 

 5,872,392 

 693,321 

 120,373 

 3,298,836 

 2,037,263 

 1,597,728 

 186,937 

 393,789 

 16,467,456 

 22,937,849 

 54,377,329 

 172,015 

 10,379 

 2,515 

 1,405,074 

 18,566 

 14,265 

 141,575 

 233,301 

 110,617 

 12,317 

 0 

 2,120,624 

 11,351,774 

 23,832,804 

 1,815,023 

 203,586 

 63,299 

 4,467,318 

 674,755 

 106,108 

 3,787,261 

 1,803,962 

 1,487,111 

 174,620 

 393,789 

 14,346,832 

 11,586,075 

 30,544,525 

 0.7 

 0.0 

 0.0 

 5.8 

 0.0 

 0.0 

 0.5 

 0.9 

 0.4 

 0.0 

 0.0 

 8.8 

 47.6 

 ---- 

 
18

Table 9 

Weapons 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

 47,900 

 14,480 

 2,103 

 262,811 

 6,140 

2,689 

38,332 

109,243 

42,773 

2,149 

1,832 

530,452

657,247

1,852,112

57,878 

870 

6 

12,312 

208 

3,627 

405 

6,988 

22,010 

79 

0 

104,383

203,075

539,655

(9,978) 

13,610 

2,079 

250,499 

5,932 

(938) 

37,927 

102,255 

20,763 

2,070 

1,832 

426,069 

454,172 

1,312,457

10.7 

0.0 

0.0 

2.2 

0.0 

0.6 

0.0 

1.2 

4.0 

0.0 

0.0 

19.3 

37.6 

---- 
19

Table 10 

Nuclear Technology 

U.S. Trade in Advanced Technology Products With Selected Nations 

Data in Thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2004 

Source: Calculated from ATP data, “Foreign Trade Statistics,” U.S. Census Bureau, April 2005 

*U.S. Total includes balance of world. 

Country U.S. Exports U.S. Imports Net Balance Imports as 

Percent of U.S. 

Imported ATP 

China 

Hong Kong 

Indonesia 

Japan 

Malaysia 

Philippines 

Singapore 

South Korea 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

Vietnam 

 Sub-total 

European 

Union 

U.S. Total* 

9,258 

4,040 

15 

737,687 

1,023 

207 

2,455 

216,347 

137,095 

936 

368 

1,109,431

277,199

1,503,127

74,097 

26 

6 

33,966 

32 

42 

108 

191 

6 

198 

0 

108,672

1,154,213

2,169,868

(64,839) 

4,014 

9 

703,721 

991 

165 

2,347 

216,156 

137,092 

738 

368 

1,000,759 

(877,014) 

(666,741)

3.4 

0.0 

0.0 

1.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

5.0 

53.1 

---- 
20