JOINT PUB 3-05.5

JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING

AND MISSION PLANNING PROCEDURES

10 AUGUST 1993
A large body of joint doctrine (and its supporting tactics, techniques,

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MEMORANDUM FOR: Distribution List

Subject: Joint Pub 3-05.5, "Joint Special Operations

 Targeting and Mission Planning Procedures"

1. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth procedures to

guide the joint activities and employment of the Armed Forces of the

United States in conducting joint special operations targeting and

mission planning.

2. Recommendations for changes to this publication should be submitted

to the Director for Operational Plans and Interoperability (J-7), Joint

Staff, Washington, D.C. 20318-7000.

3. When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposal to the Chairman

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6. Local reproduction is authorized and access is unrestricted.

However, access to and reproduction authorization for classified joint

publications must be in accordance with DOD Regulation 5200.1-R.

7. The lead agent for this publication is the US Special Operations

Command.
2

8. The Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is J-3.

 For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

 H. L. SHEFFIELD

 Captain, USN

 Secretary, Joint Staff

Enclosure
3

Distribution:

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 Additional copies may be obtained from the Secretary,

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 Copies each to:

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 JOINT PUB 3-05.5

 Joint Special Operations Targeting and

 Mission Planning Procedures

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In accordance with the procedures contained in Joint Pub 1-01, change

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ii

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currency and completeness of your document. An "O" indicates a page in

the original document.

PAGE CHANGE

1 thru 4 O

i thru viii O

I-1 thru I-6 O

II-1 thru II-14 O

III-1 thru III-8 O

IV-1 thru IV-6 O

A-1 thru A-2 O

B-1 thru B-2 O

C-1 thru C-4 O

D-1 thru D-4 O

E-1 thru E-4 O

F-1 thru F-4 O

G-1 thru G-4 O

H-1 thru H-6 O

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K-1 thru K-14 O

L-1 thru L-10 O

M-1 thru M-10 O

GL-1 thru GL-14 O

Deleted Pages: None.
iii

 JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS

 TARGETING AND MISSION PLANNING PROCEDURES

 PREFACE

1. Purpose. This publication sets forth doctrine and selected tactics,

techniques and procedures (TTP) to govern the joint activities, and

performance of the Armed Forces of the United States. It provides

military guidance for the exercise of authority by commanders of

combatant commands and other joint force commanders, prescribes doctrine

for joint force commanders, and provides military guidance for use by

armed forces in preparing their respective detailed plans.

2. Application

 a. Doctrine and TTP established in this publication apply to the

 commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task

 forces, and the subordinate components of these commands. This

 doctrine and TTP also applies when significant forces of one

 Service are attached to forces of another Service, or when

 significant forces of one Service support forces of another

 Service.

 b. In applying the principles and doctrine set forth in this

 publication, care must be taken to distinguish between distinct but

 related responsibilities in the two channels of authority to forces

 assigned to combatant commands. The Military Departments and

 Services recruit, organize, train, equip, and provide forces for

 assignment to combatant commands and administer and support these

 forces. Commanders of the unified and specified commands exercise

 Combatant Command (command authority) over these assigned forces.

 Service component commanders are responsible both to joint force

 commanders in the operational chain of command and to the Military

 Departments and Services in the chain of command for matters that

 the joint force commander has not been assigned authority.

 c. This publication is authoritative but not directive.

 Commanders will exercise judgment in applying the procedures herein

 to accomplish their missions. These procedures should be followed,

 except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional

 circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the

 contents of this publication and the contents of Service

 publications, this publication takes precedence for the activities

 of joint forces
iv

 unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in

 consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,

 has provided more current and specific guidance.

3. Scope. This manual describes the special operations joint tactics,

techniques, and procedures for the targeting and mission planning

process. It identifies responsibilities and roles in directing,

conducting, and supporting joint SO targeting and mission planning. It

also provides guidance for the selection of targets and the development

of associated targeting information required for the successful conduct

of joint SO.

4. Basis. The development of Joint Pub 3-05.5 is based on the

following primary sources:

 a. Title 10, United States Code, and as specifically amended by:

 (1) Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986.

 (2) Cohen-Nunn Amendment to the Department of Defense

 Reorganization Act of 1986, as attached to the Defense

 Authorization Act, FY 1987.

 b. DOD Directive 5100.1, "Functions of the Department of Defense

 and its Major Components."

 c. MCM-64-92, 7 April 1992, "Unified Command Plan (UCP)."

 d. JCSM-71-87, 29 May 1987, "Mission and Functions of the US

 Special Operations Command."

 e. Joint Pub 0-2, 1 December 1986, "Unified Action Armed Forces

 (UNAAF)--with Change 1, dated 21 April 1989."

 f. Joint Pub 1-01, 30 July 1992, "Joint Publication System (Joint

 Doctrine and Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures Development

 Program)."

 g. Joint Pub 1-02, 1 December 1989, "Department of Defense

 Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms."

 h. Joint Test Pub 2-0, 3 June 1992, "Doctrine for Intelligence

 Support to Joint Operations."
v

 i. Joint Test Pub 3-0, 10 January 1990, "Doctrine for Joint

 Operations."

 j. Joint Pub 5-03.1, draft, "Joint Operation Planning and

 Execution System (JOPES), Volume I (Planning Policy and Guidance)."

 k. Joint Test Pub 3-07, October 1990, "Doctrine for Joint

 Operations in Low-Intensity Conflict."

 l. Joint Test Pub 5-0, 26 July 1991, "Doctrine for Planning Joint

 Operations."

 m. Joint Pub 3-05, 28 October 1992, "Doctrine for Joint Special

 Operations."

 n. Joint Pub 3-05.3, in revision, "Doctrine for Joint Special

 Operations Operational Procedures."

 o. Joint Pub 6-0, 3 June 1992, "Doctrine for Command, Control,

 Communications, and Computer Systems Support to Joint Operations."
vi

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

 I SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING AND MISSION PLANNING

 RESPONSIBILITIES

 National Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1

 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1

 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-2

 Commander, US Special Operations Command. . . . . . . . . . . . .I-2

 Theater Combatant Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-3

 Other Supporting Commanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-3

 Defense Intelligence Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-3

 Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-4

 Other Component Commanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-4

 Joint Force Commanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-4

 Joint Force Special Operations Component

 Commander. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-5

 USSOCOM Component Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-6

 Special Operations Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-6

 II CONCEPTS OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING AND

 MISSION PLANNING

 Assessment and Primary SO Missions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1

 Collateral Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-2

 Operational Mission Taskings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-2

 Targeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-3

 Target Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-4

 Target Analysis Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-5

 Target Analysis Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-8

 Other Targeting Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-9

 Timing of Actions Against Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-10

 Mission Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-11

 Intelligence Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II-12

 III DELIBERATE SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING AND

 MISSION PLANNING

 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-1

 The Targeting Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-1
vii

 IV TIME-SENSITIVE SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING

 AND MISSION PLANNING

 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1

 Time Sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1

 Time-Sensitive SO Targeting and the

 Targeting Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V-2

APPENDIX

 A SPECIAL OPERATIONS MISSION PLANNING FOLDER

 FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

 B SOF MISSION TASKING PACKAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

 C SOF FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1

 D INITIAL ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

 E SOF TARGET INTELLIGENCE PACKAGE--DIRECT ACTION

 AND SPECIAL RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . .E-1

 F TARGET INTELLIGENCE PACKAGE--

 FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE AND

 UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .F-1

 G SOF PLAN OF EXECUTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G-1

 H MISSION SUPPORT PLANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H-1

 J SOF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION--

 DIRECT ACTION AND

 SPECIAL RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .J-1

 K SOF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION--

 FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE AND

 UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .K-1

 L SOF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION--

 INSERTION AND EXTRACTION (INCLUDES

 FIXED AND ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT). . . . . . . . . . . . . .L-1

 M USERS EVALUATION REPORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M-1

GLOSSARY

 Part I--Abbreviations and Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GL-1

 Part II--Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GL-4

FIGURES

 III-1 Targeting Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-2

 III-2 SO Targeting and Deliberate Mission

 Planning Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III-4

 IV-1 SO Targeting and Time Sensitive

 Mission Planning Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4
viii

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I-1

 CHAPTER I

 SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING AND MISSION PLANNING

 RESPONSIBILITIES

1. National Policy

 a. The SO targeting and mission planning process supports national

 security policy and objectives at all echelons of command. SO are

 conducted in support of national and military objectives with the

 other aspects of military power.

 b. SO targeting and mission planning objectives are based on

 various US Government policies that the Chairman of the Joint

 Chiefs of Staff converts into general and specific tasks for the

 combatant commanders. The transformation of those tasks into

 operational plans requires military planners to:

 (1) Be knowledgeable of national security strategy, national

 military strategy, and theater strategy.

 (2) Ensure that the targeting and mission planning process

 remains fully supportive and integrated into various other

 cycles and processes; e.g., the intelligence and operations

 cycles, the resourcing process, and other Service planning

 cycles.

2. References

 a. Joint Pub 3-05 establishes the basic doctrine for the joint

 employment of SOF; contains the objectives and concepts for

 employment of SOF; describes the responsibilities of other

 Departments, agencies, and the Services as they relate to SO;

 provides planning guidance to the Services and combatant commands

 for the conduct and support of SO; and discusses the

 responsibilities of combatant commanders for the conduct and

 support of SO. Joint Pub 5-00.2 provides guidance on JTF planning

 as well as specific discussion of the purpose and functions of

 joint targeting coordination boards (JTCBs). The functions of this

 entity also exist in varying forms with varying responsibilities in

 support of each JFC.
I-2

 b. Deployment planning, of which SOF will be a part, is discussed

 under the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) in

 Joint Pubs 5-03.1 (Joint Operation Planning and Execution System

 Volume I), 5-03.2 (Joint Operation Planning and Execution System

 Volume II), and 5-03.21 (Volume II Classified Supplement). This

 publication focuses on the targeting and mission planning

 procedures of SOF already in place or slated for use in given areas

 of responsibilities (AORs). Accordingly, this document views SO

 targeting and mission planning requirements from the perspective of

 the SO mission executors--the mission planning agents (MPAs). This

 encompasses individual SO missions (e.g., direct action (DA),

 special reconnaissance (SR)) actually planned by MPAs for

 execution, whether the missions are conducted under JOPES or not.

 c. JSCP, Annex A (Intelligence), Joint Pub 0-2, Chapter 3,

 Section V (Intelligence), Joint Pub 2-03 (Counterintelligence), and

 Joint Pub 3-05, Chapter V, paragraph 5c, provide more detailed

 responsibilities, policies, procedures, and principles for the

 timely provision of counterintelligence threat information and

 tailored intelligence to unified planning and operations.

3. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

 a. Approves SO targeting and mission planning doctrine and

 procedures as developed by USCINCSOC in accordance with Joint Pub

 1-01.

 b. Ensures combatant command, Service, and Intelligence Community

 support of the SO targeting and mission planning process.

4. Commander, US Special Operations Command (USCINCSOC)

 a. Organizes, trains, equips, and provides forces for the conduct

 and support of special operations.

 b. Develops SO targeting and mission planning doctrine and

 procedures in accordance with Joint Pub 1-01.

 c. Develops intelligence requirements to support SO targeting and

 mission planning.

 d. Coordinates with the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to

 incorporate templated and/or generic SO collection, analysis, and

 production processes.
I-3

 e. Develops concepts and determines program supporting

 requirements (e.g., personnel, communications, data handling

 systems, mobile facilities) to enhance the near-real-time flow of

 target intelligence and facilitate the effective peacetime exercise

 of the adaptive SO targeting and mission planning process (see

 Chapter IV).

 f. Ensures that assigned forces respond in a timely manner to

 targeting and mission planning requirements established by

 supported JFSOCCs.

5. Theater Combatant Commanders

 a. Develop targeting and mission planning concepts in accordance

 with this publication that integrate and deconflict SOF missions

 with missions of other components and agencies.

 b. Develop and disseminate general campaign guidance and targeting

 objectives. (Guidance included in Section III of mission tasking

 package (MTP).)

 c. Support SOF in the development of target intelligence

 resources.

 d. Support SO requirements for intelligence and CI collection

 priorities and plans of execution.

 e. Exercise SO targeting, time sensitive intelligence support

 mechanisms, and mission planning in crisis and combat scenarios as

 required to ensure responsiveness.

 f. Ensure adequate all-source intelligence support to support SO

 targeting and mission planning.

6. Other Supporting Commanders

 a. Incorporate support to SOF in planning mission requirements.

 b. USTRANSCOM provides sea, air, and land transportation.

7. Defense Intelligence Agency

 a. Integrates SO collection requirements into DIA collection

 plans.
I-4

 b. Provides intelligence support for SO targeting and mission

 planning to the combatant commands and the Services.

 c. Exploits intelligence supportive of SO missions.

 d. Manages the provision of timely, all-source, tailored

 intelligence to support the deliberate and time-sensitive SO

 targeting and mission planning processes across the operational

 continuum.

8. Services. In cooperation with USSOCOM, ensure that SOF enhancement

programs address operational shortfalls and limiting factors (e.g.,

personnel, weapons, equipment, training, logistics, communications)

identified by Service MPAs as a result of mission planning.

9. Other Component Commanders

 a. Nominate targets to the JFC for possible SOF employment.

 b. As appropriate, ensure assigned and attached SOF respond to

 targeting and mission planning requirements established by the

 JFSOCC.

 c. Develop supporting plans and procedures as required to support

 mission requests.

 d. Direct Service component intelligence production agencies to

 respond to tasking by the combatant commander in support of Special

 Operations Mission Planning Folder SO targeting and mission

 planning.

 e. Develop and disseminate specific targeting guidance and mission

 objectives for SO.

10. Joint Force Commanders. (when separate from the Theater Combatant

Commander):

 a. Establish and direct the SO target nomination process and

 exercise final approval of SO targets. The JFC may establish a

 JTCB or similar body to perform the functions of a JTCB.

 b. Direct the development and maintenance of the SOMPFs. (See

 Appendix A.)

 c. Develop targeting concepts that fully integrate SO.
I-5

 d. Review and validate SO target nominations submitted by the

 JFSOCC.

 e. Integrate and deconflict SO targeting and mission planning

 appropriately with attack options for other weapon delivery systems

 within the joint force areas of responsibility.

 f. Coordinate and deconflict SOF missions with conventional force

 missions.

11. JFSOCC. The theater JFSOCC is normally the COMSOC and must

maintain a long-term theater planning perspective. In a minor crisis or

lesser regional contingency, the COMSOC may continue to function at the

theater level. In these cases he normally establishes a JSOTF to serve

as the JFSOCC for the current operation. In a major crisis or regional

contingency, the COMSOC normally deploys as the JFSOCC.

 a. Translate the JFC's operational plans and guidance into a

 supporting operation plan to provide a conceptual framework for SO

 targeting and mission planning.

 b. Nominate SO targets to the JFC.

 c. Develop SO target lists for validated targets in supporting

 operational plans.

 d. Task MPAs to evaluate and develop a mission plan for assigned

 targets.

 e. Task and coordinate SOMPF production and maintenance.

 f. Provide SO theater intelligence and CI collection requirements

 to the JFC and assigned IPAs.

 g. Develop and maintain statements of intelligence interest (SII)

 in accordance with DIA procedures; consolidate and forward

 component requests for information (RFIs).

 h. Conduct periodic reviews of SOMPFs.

 i. Prepare and provide the MTPs (Section II of the SOMPF) to

 SOC-designated MPAs. (See Appendix B.)
I-6

 j. Ensure coordination between SO elements and between SOF and

 supporting forces to develop FAs and POEs.

 k. Review and approve FAs and POEs for approval.

 l. Convene and chair a special operations target panel.

 m. Provide SO representation on the JFC's JTCB if established.

 n. Establish a SO target library that maintains all current and

 canceled (retained for reference) SOMPF and other targeting data.

12. USSOCOM Component Commands

 a. Monitor Service targeting and mission planning programs in

 support of the various combatant commanders as required to ensure

 program effectiveness.

 b. As appropriate, act as Service advocate on SO targeting and

 mission planning matters.

 c. As appropriate, ensure that assigned units respond to mission

 planning requirements assigned by theater JFSOCCs.

13. Special Operations Units

 a. Respond to SOC tasking for development of FAs and develop and

 maintain the POE.

 b. Nominate SO targets to the theater JFSOCC.

 c. Identify intelligence gaps to the JFSOCC regarding SO target

 materials development and maintenance. (These shortfalls should be

 covered in the TIP.)

 d. Maintain at least one copy of each approved SOMPF.

 e. Develop tasking from higher headquarters to the component

 commands.
II-1

 CHAPTER II

 CONCEPTS OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING AND

 MISSION PLANNING

1. Assessment and Primary SO Missions. Appropriate SOF employment

requires a careful assessment of SOF expertise and resources needed to

conduct specific missions. SO mission plans are routinely dependent on

more highly detailed intelligence and CI than conventional missions.

The development of SO mission plans requires close coordination among

staff elements at various levels, particularly intelligence, operations,

logistics, communications, and plans and policy. SO targeting and

mission planning support NCA direction and tasking, and JFCs. SOF may

be used to influence enemy or friendly behavior. The suitability of a

target for SOF is detailed in Joint Pub 3-05, "Doctrine for Joint

Special Operations," Chapter IV. Primary SO missions are described

below:

 a. SOF direct action operations are short-duration strikes and

 other small-scale offensive actions, but can include multiunit

 operations to seize, destroy, or inflict damage on a specific

 target; or to destroy, capture, or recover designated personnel or

 materiel. They can involve unilateral DA or terminal guidance. In

 the conduct of these operations, SOF may employ raid, ambush, or

 direct assault tactics; place mines and other munitions; conduct

 standoff attacks by fire from air, ground, or waterborne platforms;

 provide terminal guidance for precision-guided munitions; and

 conduct independent sabotage.

 b. Special reconnaissance is any mission of reconnaissance or

 surveillance actions conducted to obtain or verify, by visual

 observation or other collection methods, information concerning the

 capabilities, intentions, and activities of an actual or potential

 enemy, or to secure information concerning the meteorological,

 hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area.

 SR operations include target acquisition, area assessment, and

 poststrike reconnaissance.

 c. Unconventional warfare encompasses a broad spectrum of military

 and paramilitary operations, normally of long duration,

 predominantly conducted by indigenous or surrogate forces

 organized, trained, equipped, supported, and directed in varying

 degrees by an external source.
II-2

 d. Foreign internal defense is the participation by civilians and

 military agencies of a government in any of the action programs

 taken by another government to free and protect its society from

 subversion, lawlessness, and insurgency. The SOF role in FID is to

 train, advise, and assist host nation military and paramilitary

 forces. FID can include tactical operations that focus on

 neutralizing and destroying insurgent threats. Planners should

 recognize that operational commanders do not command host nation

 forces.

 e. Counterterrorism actions are offensive measures taken by

 civilian and military agencies of a government to prevent, deter,

 and respond to terrorism. SOF apply specialized capabilities to

 preempt and resolve terrorist incidents abroad.

2. Collateral Activities. Collateral activities are applications of

SOF capabilities in other than primary mission areas. The collateral

activities for which SOF are particularly well suited include security

assistance, humanitarian assistance, antiterrorism and other security

activities, counterdrug operations, personnel recovery, and special

activities. (Joint Pub 3-05 contains further discussion of collateral

activities.) The JFROBC assists the theater combatant commander in

identifying collateral activities that capitalize on the inherent

capabilities of SOF within the constraints of their availability. In

any theater, the number of possible collateral activities is unlimited.

The JFSOCC should discourage the use of SOF for collateral activities

when conventional forces are available and capable of performing the

mission to standard. When tasked, SOF analyze the situation, adapt to

it, and apply their capabilities as appropriate. The responsibilities

of the JFSOCC for SOF conducting collateral activities are the same as

for SOF conducting primary missions.

3. Operational Mission Taskings. Theater-specific mission taskings may

be beyond the scope of primary SO missions. Such taskings affect the

training of forces apportioned to that theater but will not affect SOF

worldwide (as would a change in doctrine). The JFSOCC must clearly

communicate theater-specific requirements so that USCINCSOC can prepare

forces to meet the needs of the theater combatant commander. An example

of such an operational mission tasking was the SF coalition warfare

mission during Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. In this case,

the Commander in Chief of US Central Command (USCINCCENT)
II-3

identified the requirement for providing liaison and training and

advisory assistance to maintain cohesion among the coalition partners.

As the JFSOCC, the commander of the Special Operations Command, Central

(COMSOCCENT) advised USCINCCENT that SOF capabilities required to

conduct FID and UW would be applicable to this requirement. As a

result, SF were tasked and performed the operational mission under the

OPCON of Third US Army. After the operation, the SF soldiers involved

reported that the rapport-building skills developed during UW training

exercises were critical during their initial contacts.

4. Targeting. Targeting is the function of evaluating the enemy's

intent and capabilities with respect to the commander's mission and

objectives, and identifying and nominating critical enemy activities,

situations, capabilities or resources that are vulnerable to military

operations (Joint Pub 2-0). Targeting combines intelligence and

operations. It represents the integration of intelligence threat

information, the target system, and target characteristics with

operations data on friendly force posture, capabilities, weapon effects,

objectives, rules of engagement, and doctrine. Targeting matches

objectives and guidance with inputs from intelligence and operations to

identify the forces necessary to achieve those objectives. This

includes all lethal and nonlethal applications of force.

 a. SO and psychological operations (PSYOP) targeting

 considerations include, but are not limited to, the political,

 military, economic, and psychological impacts on the capability and

 morale of the armed forces and civilians targeted. In FID or

 nation-building, medical, dental, and veterinary needs of an

 objective country are vital considerations. Civil affairs

 activities encompass political, social, economic, ideological, and

 security functions. From the integration of the above factors,

 targeting recommendations are made to use SOF for particular

 targets in support of a theater campaign plan's long- and

 short-term objectives.

 b. SOF must be synchronized with other missions to achieve desired

 strategic and operational objectives. Examples of this

 synchronization include:

 (1) Integration of SO infiltration, exfiltration, and target

 attacks.
II-4

 (2) Integration of SR, DA, and UW operations against a

 specified target system, e.g., rail net.

 (3) Integration of SO attacks and those of other components,

 e.g., SO attacks against a rail net are timed so that the

 stalled trains are subsequently destroyed by air interdiction.

 (4) Integration of SO attacks and the overall campaign, e.g.,

 the decision to use SO attacks against a rail net must be

 weighed against the need to use that node for subsequent

 transport of friendly troops and supplies.

 c. The JFC may delegate targeting activities to a JTCB.

 (1) If the JFC designates, a JTCB may be an integrating

 center for the targeting effort or a JFC level review

 mechanism. In either case, it needs to be a joint activity,

 comprised of representatives from the staff, all components,

 and if required, their subordinate units. The JTCB reviews

 target information, develops target guidance and priorities,

 and may prepare and refine joint target lists (see Joint Pub

 5-00.2.) The JTCB should maintain a complete list for areas

 beyond the FSCL of restricted targets and areas where SOF are

 operating to avoid endangering current or future operations.

 (2) To ensure appropriate support, deconfliction, and

 coordination is provided for SO missions, membership should

 include a senior J-2 target analyst, J-3 and J-5 operations

 planner, staff judge advocate members from the SOC and/or

 components, and when appropriate, representatives from PSYOP

 and CA.

 (3) Final target approval and authority for SO missions rests

 with the JFC. In NCA-directed time-sensitive SO targeting

 situations (see Chapter IV), targeting functions are conducted

 at the national level and a JTCB may not be involved.

5. Target Analysis. Target analysis is an examination of potential

targets to determine military importance, priority of attack, scale of

effort, and weapons required to obtain a desired level of damage or

casualties.
II-5

 a. Target system analysis is a systematic approach to determine

 enemy vulnerabilities and weaknesses to be exploited. It

 determines what effects will be achieved against target systems and

 their activities. A target analysis must review the systems and

 their interactions between components and elements of a target

 system to determine how the system works and, subsequently, how to

 attack that system so it becomes inoperable.

 b. Critical system analysis focuses on total interaction and

 interrelationships among multiple target systems. The objective is

 to determine the most effective way to influence or affect the

 enemy systems in the most timely and efficient manner.

6. Targets Analysis Definitions. In intelligence usage, a target is a

country, area, installation, agency, or person against which

intelligence operations are directed. This definition covers most, but

not all, of the military, economic, political, or psychological

objectives that can be nominated and/or designated for the purposes of

destruction, damage, degradation, disruption, neutralization, removal,

exploitation, surveillance, or training by SO, PSYOP, or CA forces.

 a. A single target may be significant because of its own

 characteristics. Most often, its importance lies in its

 relationship to other targets. A systematic examination and

 evaluation of potential targets requires a vocabulary diverse

 enough to accommodate a hierarchical system of definitions. The

 following is a hierarchical set of target definitions used in

 target analysis.

 b. A target system is all the targets situated in a particular

 geographic area that are functionally related. It also can be a

 group of targets so related that their destruction will produce a

 particular effect desired by the attacker. A target system can

 also be viewed as all targets that encompass the entire system

 under consideration, which broadens the definition to include SOF

 missions like FID. It may be international in scope (e.g.,

 international banking) and may include modifying behavior or

 influencing and altering attitudes vice destruction. Examples of

 target systems include:

 (1) Air transportation systems.

 (2) Port facilities.
II-6

 (3) Highways.

 (4) Railways.

 (5) Waterways.

 (6) Command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I)

 complexes or networks.

 (7) Bulk electric power supplies.

 (8) Bulk water supplies.

 (9) Air defense networks.

 (10) Bulk petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) supplies.

 (11) Missile and satellite launch facilities.

 (12) Economic infrastructure.

 (13) Social welfare infrastructure.

 (14) National health infrastructure.

 (15) Attitudes of social groups.

 (16) Political infrastructure.

 c. A target subsystem is a major element of a target system.

 Generation, transmission, and distribution are subsystems of a bulk

 electric power supply system.

 d. A target complex is a geographically integrated series of

 target concentrations. A target complex may be a subset of a

 target subsystem. It consists of related facilities and activities

 that are located in the same general vicinity. Within a target

 complex, individual targets will be identified. Ports, airfields,

 and electric generating plants are examples of target complexes.

 e. A target system or complex can be broken down into smaller

 units called target system components. Each of these may also be a

 target. A target system component belongs to one or more groups of

 industries or basic utilities required to produce individual

 components of an end product. For example, in the POL target

 system, the atmospheric distillation area of an oil refinery may be

 considered a target system component.
II-7

 f. Target components (also known as target elements) are smaller,

 more intricate parts of the target that are necessary to the

 operation of the target as a whole. A target component is any

 machinery, structure, personnel, or other productive asset that

 contributes significantly to the operation or output of the target

 system, complex, or target. Catalytic cracking towers, radars, POL

 pump stations, and turbine-generator halls are examples of target

 components.

 g. Target components can be further subdivided by criticality and

 vulnerability.

 (1) A target critical damage point (also known as a critical

 node) is that part of the target component that is the most

 vital. Examples would include a transformer, generators, or

 control van or building at an early warning/ground-controlled

 intercept (EW/GCI) site.

 (2) Given the detail of SO targeting, a target stress point

 (also known as the vulnerable node) may be identified as the

 weakest area on the critical damage point. Examples would

 include a key valve, control panel, or transformer insulators.

 h. The definitions presented above can be illustrated with the

 example of an EW/GCI site. The target system is the national air

 defense network. The target subsystem is the air defense sector or

 zone in which the site is located. The target complex is the

 EW/GCI site itself. The target system component is the acquisition

 area of the EW/GCI site. The target component is a key

 communications van that relays enemy aircraft detection data to a

 major air defense command post located elsewhere. The target

 critical damage point is that particular part of the van which, if

 penetrated by a given weapon, would destroy the target stress

 point--a computer--vital to the operation of the entire site.

 i. Objectives of UW and FID are broad in scope. Entire target

 systems may be allocated for UW attack and the specific targets

 chosen based on the ability of indigenous force capabilities. A

 target system for FID would be picked based on host-country needs

 for SOF assistance and training.
II-8

7. Target Analysis Methodologies. Target analysis must simplify a

complex environment into relatively small measurable factors. Basic

target analysis involves qualitative decision making. Fortunately,

there are numerous quantitative techniques to assist those decisions. To

perform target analysis, those who select SO targets must evaluate the

impact on the enemy's political, military, and economic operations and

on the psychological reactions. Joint Pub 3-05, Appendix D, "Joint

Special Operations Planning Guidance," presents a series of factors that

should be weighed when considering SOF employment. A common method used

for SO target analysis is CARVER: criticality, accessibility,

recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and recognizability. This

acronym captures the criteria which analyze a SOF target.

 a. Criticality. Criticality, or target value, is the primary

 consideration in targeting. A target is critical when its

 destruction or damage would significantly impair an enemy's

 political, economic, or military operations. It may also be

 critical to observe a target in a SR mission (e.g., a key road

 junction for signs of major enemy movement). Individual targets

 within a target system must be considered in relation to other

 elements of that system. The value of a target may change as the

 situation develops, requiring the use of time-sensitive targeting

 methods (see Chapter IV).

 b. Accessibility. In order to damage, destroy, or conduct

 surveillance of a target, SOF must be able to reach it, either

 physically or via indirect (i.e., standoff weapons or surveillance)

 means. During SR missions, SOF must not only be able to reach the

 target, but must often remain there for a time period. Finally,

 SOF must be able to exfiltrate out of the target area.

 c. Recuperability. In the case of DA missions, it is important to

 estimate how long it will take the enemy to repair, replace, or

 bypass the damage inflicted on the target. Recuperability is a

 vital supporting element of criticality. A target may not be

 lucrative for SOF employment if it can be repaired, replaced, or

 bypassed in a short time with minimum resources.

 d. Vulnerability. A target is vulnerable if SOF have the means

 and expertise to conduct the planned mission and achieve the

 desired level of damage or other objectives as assigned.
II-9

 e. Effect. For targets of more purely military value (e.g.,

 munitions depots; headquarters complexes; POL facilities; lines of

 communication (LOCs); and command, control, and communications (C3)

 complexes), the impact of both attacking (or surveilling) the

 target and achieving the desired results must be assessed. For

 targets that are critical in both the military and civilian

 regimes, the political, economic, legal, and psychological effects

 of the mission must be evaluated as well as the impact of target

 destruction on the health and welfare of the indigenous civilian

 population.

 f. Recognizability. The target must be identifiable under various

 weather, light, and seasonal conditions and configurations (if

 applicable) without being confused with other targets or target

 components. Sufficient data must be available for SOF to

 differentiate the target from similar objects in the target area.

 The same requirement exists to distinguish the target's critical

 damage points and stress points from their parent structures and

 surroundings.

8. Other Targeting Considerations. Targets are classified as

strategic, operational, and tactical. The terms "strategic,

operational, and tactical targets" are not standardized within the

Department of Defense and are applicable only in the context of this

publication. The implications of collateral damage may have a large

impact on SO targeting of specific military targets.

 a. Strategic targets are vital to the enemy's overall political,

 military, and economic operations or psychological stability. The

 objective of a mission against such a target is to severely impede

 the enemy's capability to carry on with the theater or overall war

 effort (e.g., a key industrial facility or critical material or

 stockpiles). The use of SOF against strategic targets in

 large-scale conflict is part of the combatant commander's theater

 strategy. SOF employed in a DA, SR, or UW role contribute to the

 commander's strategic objectives (see Joint Pub 3-05).

 b. Operational targets are deemed critical to the enemy's

 capability to conduct successful campaigns. Such targets include

 logistic and C3I actions required to support and direct tactical

 operations. For example, the employment of an SOF unit in a DA or

 SR role against an operational target can support a major operation

 and, ultimately, the overall campaign plan of the JFC.
II-10

 c. Tactical targets affect the enemy's capability to conduct

 battles on a relatively localized basis. Tactical military ground

 targets usually extend no higher than divisional level. Typical SO

 tactical targets would include command posts, individual ships,

 police stations, local telephone exchanges, and individual

 aircraft. SOF employed in a UW or FID role may be tasked to attack

 or reconnoiter a tactical target using indigenous forces or to

 exploit a particular aspect of the enemy's economic, psychological,

 or operations base.

 d. Considerations. Commanders and planners must consider how a

 successful mission will affect the enemy's ability to function

 effectively at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of

 war. Generally, strategic targets will have the greatest value to

 the JFC and tactical the least, but strategic targets are rare and

 tactical ones plentiful. On the other hand, the missions of a JTF

 may focus more on operational or tactical targets. The category

 and type of target will influence the employment of SOF within the

 theater to meet the JFC's objectives.

9. Timing of Actions Against Targets. The timing of action taken

against a target is an important consideration. Given the estimates of

the enemy conduct of operations versus the JFC's plans and objectives,

targets developed during both deliberate (long-term, usually peacetime

operations) and time sensitive (short-term, hostilities other than war

or war) mission planning can be evaluated and executed as either initial

or follow-on targets. Those developed during time sensitive mission

planning are usually follow-on targets. Time-sensitive target type

include emerging and increasing value targets. The deliberate planning

process is the focus of Chapter III. Time-sensitive planning, with

particular emphasis on time-sensitive and emerging targets is

specifically covered in Chapter IV.

 a. Initial targets are targets that have been validated as part of

 an operational plan. They must be struck early in a conflict to

 affect adversely the enemy's activities and benefit friendly

 operations. Initial targets may be strategic, operational, or

 tactical. In peacetime, target planners must analyze target

 systems to identify the critical complexes and specific targets

 that could affect the outcome of the JFC's operational plans.
II-11

 b. Follow-on targets are either in an operational plan or emerge

 as the campaign progresses and are addressed subsequent to the

 initial attack. This may be the result of resource availability,

 the concept of the operation, or the development of new targets.

 c. Emerging Targets. New targets associated with a developing

 crisis or ongoing combat operations should be assessed using the

 JFC's objectives. These targets may be fixed or mobile. Examples

 include field headquarters, logistic support areas, a building

 being used to hold hostages, a downed pilot, or the first

 appearance of a new weapon system.

 d. Increasing-Value Targets. Some previously identified,

 low-priority targets may increase in value during a crisis or

 combat and require allocation of resources. Examples of

 increasing-value targets are an air defense site that threatens to

 interfere with the execution of a mission, a bridge subsequently

 used to support enemy troop movements, or a naval combatant

 previously under repair that is later assessed as combat ready.

10. Mission Planning. There are three principles of SO mission

planning for specific targets (Joint Pub 3-05).

 a. Specific targets or mission assignments for SOF should always

 contribute substantially to the strategic or campaign plan being

 executed. Limited resources and the extensive planning required

 dictate that a commander selectively employ SOF for high priority

 operations. Further, the sensitivity of many SOF missions may

 force the NCA to place specific political, legal, time-of-day,

 geographic, or force size constraints upon the employing and

 supporting force.

 b. SOF missions are complete packages--insertion, resupply, fire

 and maneuver support, extraction--to be thoroughly planned before

 committing the force. The nature of the target, enemy and friendly

 situation, and environmental characteristics of the operational

 area are key planning factors. They will dictate the size and

 capability of the assigned force, the nature of tactical

 operations, methods of insertion and extraction, length of force

 exposure, logistic requirements, and size and composition of the

 command and support structure. Although operational planning must

 focus on the objective, limiting intelligence and environmental

 information to the target area will not meet SOF requirements.
II-12

 (1) SO targeting and mission planning must be conducted in

 coordination with all applicable theater and/or task force

 agencies through the appropriate JFC. During an ongoing

 crisis (hostilities other than war) or during sustained combat

 (war), conventional targeting and strike response time for

 ordnance delivery is extremely quick and may affect SOF

 infiltration routes, hide sites, or target areas.

 Conventional force planners must be involved during the early

 planning stages to facilitate coordination and deconfliction

 of all assets and to allocate conventional resources to

 support and augment SOF activities, and vice versa. SO

 mission planning must be supportive of, and supported by, all

 applicable aspects of the combatant commander's operational

 plans.

 (2) Detailed targeting and mission planning is vital to

 successful mission execution and to the survival of deployed

 operational elements. Based on assigned strategic objectives

 and operational direction provided by the JFC, the SOC, or

 other component commanders, the JFSOCC gives mission guidance

 to the subordinate SOF commander, providing him with the basis

 for the development of a comprehensive mission plan that

 allows for the flexible execution required by SOF.

 c. SO rarely can be repeated if they at first fail, since SO

 targets normally are perishable either from a military or political

 viewpoint. Therefore, thorough, detailed, and, whenever possible,

 repeated rehearsal is critical. These rehearsals should be

 conducted with the exact force to be committed and under the same

 time and distance constraints in an environment whose terrain and

 weather conditions closely approximate the operational area. A

 by-product of such rehearsal is that the operational element

 absorbs alternative courses of action and is better able to adapt

 to changed circumstances during the mission. Commanders should

 recognize and plan for such preparation time.

11. Intelligence Support. Timely, detailed, tailored, integrated,

prioritized, rapidly updated, and focused intelligence is vital to the

SO targeting and mission planning process. Existing national, theater,

and command intelligence structures must be used to avoid confusion and

duplication of efforts given limited production assets.
II-13

 a. Timely. SOF must have ready access to the intelligence needed

 to plan and execute their assigned missions. Much of the general

 intelligence required for SO mission planning is already available

 within the US Intelligence Community. However, many "target

 specific" items require more collection, research, analysis, and

 textual elaboration than normally afforded to conventional mission

 planning.

 b. Detailed and Tailored. In general, increasing the

 sophistication and complexity of a target, increases the level of

 detail and accuracy in intelligence. Most SO missions require more

 extensive and precise intelligence than conventional and nuclear

 missions planning. A key to effective SO intelligence support is

 thorough exploitation of the intelligence system to answer all

 essential elements of information (EEI) for the particular mission

 being planned. To do this, SO operators and their organic

 intelligence personnel must work with the intelligence agencies to

 sensitize the Intelligence Community to SO requirements.

 Intelligence requirements, EEIs, and requests for information (RFI)

 assist production agencies in understanding the detailed nature of

 intelligence needed in the target intelligence package (TIP).

 Target-specific intelligence not available may require analogies or

 estimates drawn from similar targets in the same region.

 Additionally, SO require more extensive graphic portrayal of

 information than other conventional operations. This reduces the

 time required by mission planners to assimilate information.

 Graphic presentation of the target also reduces rehearsal time and

 improves speed and precision during execution. Greater emphasis is

 placed on target area replicas or models, scale mock-ups, diagrams,

 and annotated imagery products.

 c. Integrated (Fused). The JFSOCC J-2 is responsible for ensuring

 that SO intelligence and CI requirements are identified to, and

 understood by, the JFC J-2; the JFC J-2 is responsible for

 validating and satisfying these requirements. The comprehensive

 intelligence and CI that results from fusion of various disciplines

 (i.e., SIGINT, IMINT, and HUMINT) is essential to SO mission

 planning. HUMINT is especially valuable to provide details

 specified by EEIs. Counterintelligence can provide SO planners

 information for use by teams upon arrival in a hostile environment.

 SR capabilities, in those cases where their use would be both

 feasible and appropriate, can provide necessary
II-14

 detailed intelligence and operational information. National agency

 liaison officers (e.g., those of DMA, NSA, DIA, CIA, CIO) resident

 in theater intelligence organizations are essential for ensuring

 that theater requirements will be addressed as efficiently as

 possible at the national level.

 d. Prioritized. SO intelligence requirements will be prioritized

 in the context of overall theater production capabilities. This

 arrangement recognizes time constraints limiting an Intelligence

 Community response to a continuing best estimate on which targeting

 and mission decisions must be made. Therefore, MPAs should

 prioritize requirements and provide justification for particularly

 detailed requirements. The theater combatant commander and the

 JFSOCC are responsible for making intelligence support responsive

 during the deliberate targeting process and through follow-on

 efforts that demand time-sensitive targeting solutions.

 e. Rapidly updated. Reliable, secure communications among the

 combatant commander's intelligence staff, components, and

 production agencies should be established and maintained throughout

 any crisis, conflict, or war. These secure communications should

 extend to the Service SOF components (ARSOC, NAVSOC, AFSOC) as well

 and provide for secure voice, data transfer, and imagery transfer

 between SOF components and the JFSOCC. Enhanced use of automated

 message processing and dissemination, imagery transmission, and

 intelligence analysis is essential.

 f. Focused. Greater focus and in-depth analysis of social,

 political, economic, and demographic factors are required for SOF

 missions. An emphasis on the noncombatant dynamics within the

 society is important for FID and UW (see Appendixes F and K).
III-1

 CHAPTER III

 DELIBERATE SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING

 AND MISSION PLANNING

1. General. Deliberate planning refers to planning for a hypothetical

situation involving the deployment and employment of apportioned forces

and resources projected to be available. Deliberate mission planning

relies on assumptions regarding the political and military situation

that will exist when the plan is implemented. Deliberate mission

planning is applicable across the operational continuum. Normally, the

JFSOCC develops supporting operational plans during the deliberate

planning process (see Joint Pub 3-05.3). These plans initiate the

targeting and mission planning cycle.

 a. Deliberate targeting and mission planning are normally

 conducted in peacetime. National security policy is formulated by

 the NCA and conveyed through CJCS guidance to the combatant

 commanders, who build operational plans. In theater, most targets

 are nominated by the component commanders (and approved by the

 combatant commander) to support the operational plans. Assets

 (including SOF MPAs) are identified to plan and keep current

 individual missions until they are either executed or discarded.

 b. Deliberate targeting and mission planning can be applicable in

 a protracted crisis situation, such as the lengthy process leading

 up to Operation JUST CAUSE in Panama. Finally, deliberate

 targeting and mission planning can apply in wartime as part of a

 theater campaign plan, exemplified by Operation OVERLORD against

 Normandy, which included lengthy mission planning and rehearsals by

 all concerned, including the Rangers, or unilaterally against

 strategic or operational targets such as the SO Executive DA and UW

 operations against the German Heavy Water Project in Norway.

2. The Targeting Cycle. The targeting cycle (Figure III-1) portrays an

analytical, systematic approach focusing on the targeting process that

supports operational planning to achieve the objectives of the JFC.

There are six phases in the targeting cycle; tasking and execution have

been added to Figure III-1 to show a complete mission. This cycle

applies to deliberate and time-sensitive SO targeting and is used to

select targets for all assets, including SOF, available to the JFC.
III-2

 Figure III-1. Targeting Cycle
III-3

 a. Phase 1: Objectives and Guidance. Objectives and guidance

 originate at the national level as broad concepts. The JFC refines

 those concepts applicable to the assigned AOR into additional

 objectives and guidance embodied in specific operational plans.

 Target development flows from objectives and guidance reflected in

 operational plans and statements of a commander's intent.

 b. Phase 2: Target Development. The target development process

 entails the identification of targets by all levels of command to

 support the JFC's objectives and operational plans. Target

 development includes assessing enemy capabilities, determining

 enemy vulnerabilities, and recommending the most appropriate nodes

 of enemy target systems for attack, reconnaissance, or

 exploitation. Component commanders nominate targets to the JFC.

 Nominations are evaluated by a JTCB, if used, to ensure targets

 meet the commander's objectives and are deconflicted with targets

 assigned to other components. The target development process

 results in target nomination lists, which are approved by the

 theater combatant commander or JFC for approval. The JFSOCC

 (usually through the use of a JFSOCC target panel (Figure III-2))

 reviews target nominations and assigns mission planning agents to

 conduct feasibility assessments.

 c. Phase 3: Weaponeering. Weaponeering is analysis of weapons

 and weapon systems available and the scale of effort (number of

 each) required to obtain the desired level of damage. Lethal and

 nonlethal alternatives are considered during this phase.

 Weaponeering can occur at various levels of command.

 (1) Before nominating targets to the JFC, the components

 assess damage required on a target using the Joint Munitions

 Effectiveness Manual--Special Operations (JMEM-SO). In some

 cases, the JFC's JTCB or staff also conducts a preliminary

 evaluation of the lethal force requirements using JMEM-SO

 before presenting the target nominations list to the commander

 for approval.

 (2) Similar to lethal analysis, nonlethal alternatives should

 be considered to conserve assets, protect clandestine actions,

 or reduce collateral damage. Evaluation of all available

 assets and capabilities should be conducted to
III-4

 

Figure III-2. SO Targeting and Deliberate Mission Planning Process
III-5

 Figure III-2 annotations:

 1. JFC provides objectives and guidance to subordinates.

 2. Component commanders nominate targets from various levels of

 command to JTCB.

 3. JTCB uses MTL to task JFSOCC to perform FAs.

 4. JFSOCC target panel assigns and tasks MPA to perform FA(s).

 Concurrently JFC tasks appropriate IPA with providing MPA with any

 additional intelligence required to perform FA. JTBB and/or JFSOCC

 task supporting agencies to perform IA(s).

 5. MPA reviews IA(s) and completes FA. FA is forwarded to JFSOCC

 target panel for review.

 6. JFSOCC target panel reviews FA and communicates feasibility to

 JTCB for approval.

 7. JTCB select(s) feasible target(s), develops SO target list and

 directs JFSOCC to develop SOMPF and IPAs to develop TIP.

 8. IPA develops and forwards TIP to MPA and notifies JFC and

 JFSOCC target panel of TIP completion.

 9. JFSOCC target panel directs MPA by MTP to complete POE,

 nominate required forces, and appropriate supporting agencies to

 develop the MSPs.

 10. MPA reviews and concurs with MSPs submitted from supporting

 agencies and completes POE. POE planners refine MICON, develop a

 detailed list of specific requirements, and assign notional forces.

 11. MPA reviews and concurs with TIP and combines them with MSPs,

 FA, MTP, TIP, and POE and forwards them as SOMPF to JFSOCC target

 panel.

 12. JFSOCC target panel reviews, approves, and maintains SOMPF.
III-6

 ensure that the JFC knows all appropriate options (for

 example, Air Force, Navy, and SOF assets may each be able to

 conduct EW).

 (3) The JFSOCC conducts some weapons analysis (usually

 delegated to the SOC target panel) or passes targets to the

 MPA, who will go into more detail on weaponeering when

 assigned the target.

 (4) The Joint Targeting Coordination Group-Munitions

 Effectiveness (JTCG-ME) sponsors the JMEM-SO. The SO Working

 Group is chaired by an officer from USSOCOM-J3. Targets and

 weapons or weapon systems needing vulnerability assessment are

 solicited from the SO community before making the yearly

 schedule for national and contracted laboratories.

 d. Phase 4: Force Selection. This phase of the targeting cycle

 is accomplished at the theater and component levels. At the

 theater level, the JFC's staff or JTCB will deconflict targets,

 missions, timing, etc., and make recommendations to the JFC on the

 forces being tasked to plan and execute the missions. At the

 component level, operators, target analysts, and planners work

 together to mate target, weapon system, munitions, and possible

 nonlethal force options to optimize force required in light of

 operational realities. The JFC will task the theater Service or

 functional components with their respective assigned targets. SO

 assets normally are assigned to the JFSOCC; however, in some cases,

 air and naval SO assets are assigned to other component commands.

 In these cases, targeting, mission planning, and tasking is through

 the appropriate component.

 e. Phase 5: Mission Planning. As Figure III-1 indicates, the

 completion of force selection and tasking sets in motion a

 distinctive sequence of SO mission planning phases. Mission

 planning is the phase where SO, conventional, and nuclear forces

 differ the most. SO mission planning requires very detailed

 operational and intelligence data. The following procedures apply

 specifically to SO mission planning. This process is described as

 four separate steps but operational necessity may require some

 steps to begin before the preceding one is completed.
III-7

 (1) Target Validation. JFSOCC tasks MPA to validate whether

 a target is appropriate for execution by SOF. MPA will assess

 the target's feasibility (capability of SOF to conduct the

 mission), suitability (appropriateness of SOF to conduct the

 mission), relative priority and risk associated with the

 target. MPA sends a mission tasking letter (MTL) to the

 JFSOCC, indicating the validated targets. The JFSOCC target

 panel studies the MTL then tasks MPA to conduct the FA (in

 some instances the JFSOCC conducts the assessment itself in

 lieu of designating a MPA). MPA prepares a FA (Appendix C),

 while supporting agency conducts an IA (Appendix D) to confirm

 the infiltration and exfiltration feasibility of the mission.

 Intelligence support agencies (tasked by the JFC) support the

 FA and IA as required. The FA and IA are preliminary in

 nature, emphasizing "off the shelf" data. However, experience

 has shown that those kinds of data alone may not suffice to

 complete the FA and IA. In most cases, some intelligence

 collection and production will be required. The FA and IA

 process needs to be completed before detailed target analysis

 begins to avoid using scarce resources on a target that may

 not be validated for SOF employment. The JFSOCC should

 delegate to MPA sufficient coordinating authority with

 supporting organizations (balanced against OPSEC concerns) to

 facilitate the most thorough FA and IA possible. If a target

 is validated for SOF by the JFC, the target is added to the

 MTL and the JFC sends a MTP (Appendix B) to the JFSOCC tasking

 the development of a SOMPF (Appendix A).

 (2) Intelligence Production. Once a target is determined to

 be feasible, the JFSOCC requests (through the JFC J-2) that

 joint intelligence assets (assisted as necessary by CINCSOC's

 J-2 and DIA) prepare a TIP (Appendixes E: DA and SR, and F:

 FID and UW) incorporating the EEIs (Appendixes J: DA and SR;

 Appendix K: FID and UW; and Appendix L: Insertion and

 Extraction) submitted by the MPA to plan the mission.

 (3) Plan Development. The next step, POE production, cannot

 progress very far until the MPA receives the finished TIP.

 Development of the POE by the MPA and mission support plans

 (MSP) by
III-8

 mission supporting agencies begins production of the SOMPF

 (Appendix G for the POE and Appendix H for the insertion and

 extraction MSP). The POE, written by an operational element

 of the MPA, is a highly detailed (e.g., which way a given door

 opens, when the sentries are relieved, etc.) combination of

 the best operational and intelligence information available on

 the target and surrounding area. The MSP is written by the

 supporting agency that will be tasked to conduct the insertion

 or exfiltration should the mission be tasked. The JFSOCC is

 the final authority for approval of POE and MSPs. Exhaustive

 POE rehearsals and demonstrations should be conducted in the

 field and shortfall assessments should be assessed

 continually. Upon completion of the POE and rehearsals, the

 SOMPF (i.e., MTL, FA, TIP, MSP, and POE) should be packaged by

 the MPA and sent to the JFSOCC. Once approved by the JFSOCC

 the SOMPF will be maintained and periodically updated by the

 JFSOCC as long as the target remains valid for SOF employment.

 (4) Execution Planning. The fourth step is implemented when

 the mission is to be executed. Execution planning involves

 updating of required operational and intelligence EEIs (see

 Appendixes J, K and L.) For SOF this translates to MPA-team

 "isolation." Isolation activities include last-minute mission

 planning, coordination briefings with insertion and extraction

 assets, individual training, rehearsals, adjustments in

 mission plan, equipment preparation, and rest or sleep

 immediately preceding insertion into the target area.

 Intelligence and operational updates should continue until the

 target is prosecuted. Execution mission planning assumes the

 characteristics of time-sensitive planning as execution nears.

 Mission execution occurs upon receipt of an execute order.

 f. Phase 6: Combat Assessment. In the final phase, the JFSOCC

 conducts a timely review of the executed mission to determine if

 the SOF element accomplished mission objectives. SO participates

 in combat assessment through debriefs of SOF after missions are

 completed. Mission success is gauged by whether the targeted enemy

 facilities, forces, actions, and/or capabilities were affected as

 desired. A review of battle damage assessment (for DA missions) is

 critical to the JFC who can change the course of action or order

 restrikes in response to the current tactical situation. In that

 case, the targeting cycle is reinitiated at the most appropriate

 phase.
IV-1

 CHAPTER IV

 TIME-SENSITIVE SPECIAL OPERATIONS TARGETING

 AND MISSION PLANNING

1. General. Time-sensitive planning refers to planning for the

deployment and employment of allocated forces and resources that occurs

in response to an actual situation. Time-sensitive mission planning is

applicable across the operational continuum. Time-sensitive SO

targeting and mission planning demand flexibility in the targeting

cycle. The ability to meet changing situations with the time,

intelligence, and manpower available is critical. Contingency targeting

and mission planning may be either deliberate or time-sensitive in nature,

while crisis and combat mission planning are normally time-sensitive.

Many small-scale operations, such as Operation URGENT FURY

in Grenada or other NCA-directed operations, have emphasized timesensitive mission planning. In other cases, such as Operation JUST

CAUSE in Panama, sufficient time was available to conduct deliberate

targeting and mission planning, subject to rapid, pre-mission execution

updating. Figure IV-1 illustrates the time-sensitive planning process.

2. Time Sensitivity. Time-sensitivity can play an important part in

categorizing a target and determining its appropriateness as a SO

target. Time-sensitivity can be viewed from either a targeting or

mission planning perspective or a combination of both, as in the case

of personnel recovery missions.

 a. A target is time-sensitive when it requires an immediate

 response because it poses (or will soon pose) a danger to friendly

 forces or is highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity.

 Time-sensitive targets are usually mobile, such as a mobile ICBM,

 or they may lose their value quickly, such as a bridge being used

 for an enemy advance or withdrawal.

 b. A mission is time-sensitive when there is an operationally

 small time window during which the objective of the mission must be

 attained. In this case, the target may be available for SOF attack

 or reconnaissance over a long period, but the value is high only at

 a specific time. Examples of this include a radar site just before

 an airborne assault or an airstrike mission penetrating the area.

 If the site is attacked too soon, the radar may be repaired or

 replaced. If the attack is too late, the friendly air
IV-2

 mission may be detected. Another example is reconnaissance of

 chemical or nuclear storage facilities to assess indications of

 preparation for use.

 c. Employment of SOF against time-sensitive targets can be

 difficult. However, SOF training and abilities are well suited to

 the need for precise execution of time-sensitive missions. No

 mission should be declared feasible or infeasible for SOF based

 solely on time-sensitivity. A careful evaluation should be made of

 time available versus SOF preparation time required to ensure both

 reasonable probability of mission success and force survivability.

3. Time-Sensitive SO Targeting and the Targeting Cycle. The targeting

cycle is illustrated in Figure III-1. The SO time-sensitive targeting

process will compress and/or truncate these phases. Normally, SOF

require 96 hours in advance of a mission to conduct time-sensitive

planning. If the situation does not permit the JFSOCC to perform normal

execution planning, component commanders must determine minimum

essential preparation tasks and modify normal procedures to complete

these tasks in the time available. Component commanders inform the

JFSOCC when inadequate mission preparation time has caused an

unacceptable degree of risk of mission failure.

 a. Phase 1: Objectives and Guidance. The MITASK initiates the

 time-sensitive SO planning process and should be sent a minimum of

 96 hours before the EALT. The MITASK should be transmitted within

 4 hours of mission receipt. Guidance usually is passed from the

 JFC to the JFSOCC by a MITASK. The MITASK may task new targets or

 preplanned targets requiring planning updates from an existing

 target list or SOMPF. The MITASK will grant DIRLAUTH between the

 MPA and IPA. Upon MITASK receipt the JFSOCC analyzes the mission

 for tasks and feasibility and then sends a MITASK to the MPA(s),

 supporting agencies, and IPA and authorizes DIRLAUTH between

 requisite organizations. IPAs update TIPs as required. The MITASK

 and subsequent planning may be kept within focal point channels for

 sensitive missions. The IPA provides the MPA and supporting

 agencies with all immediately available intelligence within 12

 hours of MITASK receipt.

 b. Phases 2 and 3: Target Development and Weaponeering. These two

 phases, comprising target analysis, will be conducted more briefly,

 with less detail and more fragmentary data under time-sensitive
IV-3

 targeting conditions. The MPA begins its estimate process and

 mission concept (MICON) development, and coordinates with the

 supporting agencies to examine insertion and extraction options.

 The IPA forwards new intelligence products as they become

 available. No later than 72 hours before the EALT, the MPA

 transmits the mission concept (MICON) to the JFSOCC, with

 information copies to the supporting agencies. The MPA

 simultaneously submits mission support requests (MSRs) to the

 supporting agencies, with an information copy to the JFSOCC. No

 later than 48 hours before the EALT, the supporting agencies send

 mission support confirmation (MSCs) to the MPA, with information

 copies to the JFSOCC.

 c. Phase 4: Force Selection. The JFSOCC may approve, alter, or

 disapprove the MICON and MSRs and transmits Mission Concept

 Approval (MCA) to the MPA within 8 hours of MICON receipt, with

 information copies to the supporting agencies. Disapproval should

 include further guidance and a suspense for a new MICON. Generally

 the type of force (e.g., SFODA or SEAL platoon) has already been

 selected and specified in the MITASK issued by the JFSOCC.

 d. Phase 5: Mission Planning. No later than 24 hours before the

 EALT, the JFSOCC should issue the EXORD. Changes to the mission

 after transmission of this confirmation may result in mission

 delay. Other elements continue detailed mission planning and

 preparation. The IPA continues to support the final phase of

 planning. The supporting agencies obtain the latest weather and

 intelligence update, prepare and stage platform(s) for the mission,

 and place crews in crew rest.

 (1) Target Validation. Target information is reviewed and

 EEIs analyzed to determine if changes to the basic plan are

 required.

 (2) Intelligence Production. Usually, this is very

 abbreviated if time is the constraint invoking the time-

 sensitive process. No formal TIP will be produced. As many

 TIP EEIs as possible will be answered in the time provided.

 Other constraints of manpower, secrecy, and intelligence gaps

 will influence the completeness of intelligence products.

 Also, shortfalls in map products may drive production of

 nonstandard products (new scale or graphic portrayal,

 substitute products, etc.).
IV-4

 Figure IV-1. SO Targeting and Time Sensitive Mission Planning Process.
IV-5

 Figure IV-1 annotations:

1. JFC component commanders or national-level intelligence assets

identify potential targets. Targets are selected by the JFC's staff or

JTCB (if used) and assigned to the JFSOCC by MITASK. IPAs update the

TIP or assimilate required intelligence. MPA(s) forward intelligence

requests through the JFSOCC, other component commanders, or JFSOCC to

the theater intelligence agencies who then request national-level

intelligence support if necessary. The required intelligence is then

disseminated directly to the requesting organization, depending on the

time factor and operational security situation.

2. The JFSOCC, JFSOCC staff, or JFSOCC target panel perform an

abbreviated FA and send a MITASK to the MPA. If a SOMPF was prepared in

the deliberate planning cycle, the JFSOCC will pass it to the MPA with

the MITASK. If the MPA (or SA via the MPA) does not validate the target

SOF execution, then the MPA must inform the JFSOCC and await further

guidance.

3. If the target is validated, the MPA develops the MICON and

coordinates MSRs with supporting agencies,

4. The MPA sends the MICON to JFSOCC and MSRs to supporting agencies,

with information copies to the JFSOCC.

5. The supporting agencies confirm MSRs by MSC.

6. The JFSOCC reviews and approves the MICON by MCA.

7. MPA coordinates execution planning with the executing SO unit and

supporting agencies.

8. The JFSOCC recommends to the JFC that the mission be approved,

disapproved, modified, or canceled.

9. The JFC makes a decision on the mission by EXORD. The EXORD is

passed through the JFSOCC to the MPA.
IV-6

 (3) Plan Development. When time is short and no SOMPF exists

 for the assigned target, the commander must determine the

 minimum essential preparation tasks. Then the SOMPF format is

 modified to include only those tasks required. Shortfalls in

 intelligence production (listed above) can also affect mission

 planning completeness, which increases the degree of mission

 risk. Mission rehearsal and demonstrations are conducted

 whenever possible (e.g., when time permits). Even if secrecy

 is paramount, these activities can be accomplished given

 enough time to complete necessary tasks.

 (4) Execution Planning. This step can be eliminated

 completely if not much time has passed between final mission

 preparation and execution. The MPA completes final planning

 and final rehearsals, then moves the tactical elements to the

 insertion staging area. Unless directed otherwise, the MPA

 internally approves the detailed planning that supports the

 MICON approval. Normally, however, EEI needed during the

 isolation phase must still be answered. Mission execution

 normally will be conducted as soon as possible after the

 mission planning phase is complete.

 e. Phase 6: Combat Assessment. Rapid review of the executed

 missions and OPSUMs (Joint Pub 3-05.3, Appendix E) to determine if

 mission objectives were accomplished is time-sensitive by nature.

 Mission debriefs become more important if collection and

 reconnaissance are slow or backed up. Special reconnaissance

 missions can play a significant role in accurate combat assessment.
A-1

 APPENDIX A

 SPECIAL OPERATIONS MISSION PLANNING FOLDER FORMAT

I. MISSION TASKING PACKAGE

II. FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT (with supporting IA)

III. TARGET INTELLIGENCE PACKAGE

IV. PLAN OF EXECUTION

V. MISSION SUPPORT PLANS
A-2

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
B-1

 APPENDIX B

 SOF MISSION TASKING PACKAGE

SECTION I--Tasking and Transmittal Documents

A. Tasking to JFSOCC.

B. Subordinate tasking from JFSOCC.

C. Coordinating instructions or Direct Liaison Authorized (DIRLAUTH).

SECTION II--Target Identification Data

A. Name.

B. BE number.

C. Mission number (if applicable).

D. Mission tasks.

E. Functional classification code.

F. Country.

G. JSOA coordinates (GEOREF and UTM).

H. Geographic coordinates (GEOREF and UTM).

I. General description and target significance.

SECTION III--JFC Mission Guidance (JFC's Mission Statement, Objectives,

and Intent)

A. Mission statement.

B. Specific targeting objectives.

C. Commander's intent.

D. Command and control.

E. Rules of Engagement

SECTION IV--Record of Changes

SECTION V--Record of Distribution
B-2

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
C-1

 APPENDIX C

 SOF FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT

SECTION I--Mission Description

A. Target identification data (BE number, category code, geographic

coordinates, UTM coordinates, map sheets, etc.).

B. Mission Statement and Commander's Guidance

SECTION II--Commander's Assessment

A. Feasibility as a target.

B. Feasibility of getting to/from the target area. (Attach supporting

IA)

C. Probability of mission success.

D. Recommendation.

SECTION III--Assumptions

SECTION IV--Factors Affecting Courses of Action (COAs)

A. Characteristics of the joint special operations area.

 1. Weather.

 2. Terrain.

 3. Other pertinent factors.

B. Friendly situation.

C. Enemy situation.

 1. Composition.

 2. Disposition.

 3. Strength.

 a. Committed forces.

 b. Location of reinforcements and estimated reaction times.

 c. Nuclear, biological, and chemical capabilities.
C-2

 4. Significant enemy activity, intelligence, and

 counterintelligence capabilities.

 5. Peculiarities and weaknesses.

 6. Vulnerability to deception.

 7. Enemy capabilities.

 a. Defensive.

 b. Offensive.

 c. Intelligence and counterintelligence.

 8. Reaction and Reinforcement.

 9. Security on target.

 10. Ability to get to/from the target.

SECTION V--Courses of Action

A. Identify COAs.

B. Analyze COAs.

C. Compare COAs.

 1. Advantages.

 2. Disadvantages.

 3. Risks.

D. Recommended COA.

SECTION VI--Intelligence Requirements

SECTION VII--Special Requirements

A. Personnel.

B. Logistics (including combat service support).

C. Resupply.
C-3

D. SERER.

E. ROE.

F. Fire Support.

G. Medical.

H. Special Equipment.

I. Communications and electronics procedures and equipment needs

(publish joint CEOI).

J. Non-SOF major assets.

K. OPDEC.

L. PSYOP and CA.

SECTION VIII--Indigenous Support
C-4

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
D-1

 APPENDIX D

 INITIAL ASSESSMENT

 (Includes fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft,

 surface ships, and submarines)

SECTION I--Mission Description (BE number, category code, geographic

coordinates, UTM coordinates, map sheets, etc.)

SECTION II--Assumptions

SECTION III--Mission Data

A. Launch base(s), intermediate staging base(s), and recovery base(s).

B. Landing zone(s) (LZs), drop zone(s) (DZs), seaward launch point(s)

(SLPs), beach landing site(s) (BLSs), recovery zone(s) (RZs), and

seaward recovery point(s) (SRPs).

C. Abort and emergency divert base(s).

D. Air refueling track(s) and forward arming and refueling point(s)

(FARPs).

E. Flight and seaward approach routes

 1. Ingress.

 2. Egress.

 3. Orbiting and holding.

F. Range factors.

G. Time factors.

H. Route factors.

I. Refueling factors.

J. Crew factors.

K. Weather.

SECTION IV--Mission assessment

A. Threat.
D-2

 1. Air defenses.

 2. Deception of air defenses.

 3. Surface and/or subsurface water defenses.

 4. Ground defenses.

B. Probability of team insertion.

C. Probability of team resupply.

D. Probability of team extraction.

E. Overall probability of mission success.

F. Other factors.

SECTION V--Limiting Factors

A. Intelligence.

B. Weather.

C. Terrain and hydrography.

D. Equipment.

E. Munitions.

F. Tactics.

G. Logistics (including combat service support).

H. Personnel.

I. Training.

J. Supporting forces.

K. Rules of engagement (ROEs) and legal issues.

SECTION VI--Supporting Data

A. Photography and imagery requested.

B. Intelligence information requested.
D-3

SECTION VII--Initial Assessment Board

A. Composition.

B. Recommendation.

NOTE: Some of the information may not be readily available.

Information-on-hand will normally suffice to conduct the IA. However,

all efforts should be made to obtain the above information and

incorporate it into the IA.
D-4

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
E-1

 APPENDIX E

 SOF TARGET INTELLIGENCE PACKAGE

 DIRECT ACTION AND SPECIAL RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS

SECTION I--Target Identification and Description

A. Target identification data.

B. Description and significance.

C. Detailed target description.

D. Target vulnerability assessment.

SECTION II--Natural Environment

A. Geographic data (including terrain and hazards to movement).

B. Meteorological data (climatological overview and tables and

illumination data).

C. Hydrographic data (coastal, waterways, lakes, luminescence, etc.).

SECTION III--Threat

A. Ground forces (including border guards).

B. Paramilitary and indigenous forces (including intelligence and

security and police services).

C. Naval forces (including Coast Guard and maritime border guard).

D. Air forces.

E. Air defense forces (including radars, passive detectors, C3).

F. Electronic order of battle.

G. Space-based assets.

H. Counterintelligence environment (efforts of indigenous forces to

collect against SOF elements).
E-2

I. Other

SECTION IV--Demographics and Cultural Features

A. Area population characteristics.

B. Languages, dialects, and ethnic composition.

C. Social conditions.

D. Religious factors.

E. Political characteristics.

F. Economic conditions.

G. Miscellaneous (e.g., currency, holidays, dress, customs).

SECTION V--Lines of Communication and Information Systems

A. Airfields.

B. Railways.

C. Roadways.

D. Waterways.

E. Ports.

F. POL.

G. Power grid.

H. Public information media and telecommunications (print, radio,

television, telephone, etc.).

SECTION VI--Infiltration And Exfiltration (potential LZs, DZs, BLSs,

HLZs)

A. Potential zones.

B. Chokepoints between insertion point(s) and objective.

SECTION VII--SERER and Survival data

A. SERER and SAFE areas.
E-3

B. Survival data.

SECTION VIII--Unique Intelligence (mission-specific requirements not

covered above)

SECTION IX--Intelligence Shortfalls

APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY

APPENDIX C: IMAGERY

APPENDIX D: MAPS AND CHARTS

APPENDIX E: SCI (if applicable)
E-4

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
F-1

 APPENDIX F

 TARGET INTELLIGENCE PACKAGE

 FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE AND

 UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE MISSIONS

SECTION I--Objective Area (OA) Identification and Description

A. OA identification data.

B. Description and significance.

SECTION II--Natural Environment

A. Geographic data (including terrain, hazards to movement).

B. Meteorological data (climatological overview, tables, and

illumination data).

C. Hydrographic data (coastal, waterways, lakes, etc.).

D. Water sources (color-coded overlay).

E. Flora and fauna (plants and animals of tactical importance).

SECTION III--Threat

A. Objective country (enemy order of battle).

B. Opposition and resistance forces.

C. Counterintelligence environment (efforts of indigenous forces to

collect against SOF elements).

SECTION IV--Demographics, Cultural, Political, Social Features (EEI must

be answered for both the objective country and opposition and resistance

forces)

A. Area population Characteristics (include resistance potential).

B. Languages, dialects, and ethnic composition.

C. Social conditions.

D. Religious factors.
F-2

E. Political characteristics.

F. Available labor force.

G. Customs (social, weapons, religion, cultural, mores, etc.).

H. Medical capabilities.

I. Health and sanitation conditions.

J. Economic conditions.

K. Currency, holidays, and dress.

SECTION V--Lines of Communication, Information Systems, and Logistics

A. Airfields.

B. Railways.

C. Roadways.

D. Waterways.

E. Ports.

F. POL.

G. Power grid.

H. Public information media and telecommunications systems (print,

radio, television, telephone, etc.).

I. Exploitable civilian transportation.

J. Primary mode(s) of transportation.

K. US-provided materials, and services.

L. Stockpiles.

M. War-sustaining industries.

N. War-sustaining resupply.

O. Movement control centers.
F-3

SECTION VI--Infiltration and Exfiltration (potential LZs, DZs, BLSs,

HLZs)

A. List potential LZs, DZs, BLSs, and HLZs.

B. Chokepoints between insertion point(s) and objective.

SECTION VII--FID and Military Assistance (EEI must be answered for both

the objective country and opposition and resistance forces)

A. Military assistance provided.

B. Foreign personnel (noncombatants).

C. Foreign military material.

D. Deployments of foreign personnel and equipment.

E. Foreign contractors services and construction.

F. US support.

SECTION VIII--SERER and Survival Data

A. SERER and SAFE areas.

B. Survival data.

SECTION IX--Unique Intelligence (mission-specific requirements not

covered above)

SECTION X--Intelligence Shortfalls

APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY

APPENDIX C: IMAGERY

APPENDIX D: MAPS AND CHARTS

APPENDIX E: SCI (If applicable)
F-4

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
G-1

 APPENDIX G

 SOF PLAN OF EXECUTION

 Issuing Headquarters

 Place

 Hour, Day, Month, Year

Commander's Estimate of the Situation

 References:

 a. Maps and charts

 b. Other pertinent documents

SECTION I--Mission Description (BE number, category code, geographic

coordinates, UTM coordinates, map sheets, etc.)

SECTION II--The Situation and Courses of Action (COAs)

A. Considerations affecting the possible COAs

 1. Characteristics of the joint special operations area

 a. Military geography

 (1) Topography.

 (2) Hydrography, luminescence data, etc.

 (3) Climate, weather, illumination data, etc.

 b. Transportation.

 c. Telecommunications.

 d. Politics.

 e. Economics.

 f. Sociology.

 g. Science and technology.

 2. Relative combat power

 a. Enemy

 (1) Strength.
G-2

 (2) Composition.

 (3) Location and disposition.

 (4) Reinforcements.

 (5) Logistics.

 (6) Time and space factors.

 (7) Combat efficiency.

 b. Friendly

 (1) Strength.

 (2) Composition.

 (3) Location and disposition.

 (4) Reinforcements.

 (5) Friendly force assistance.

 (6) Logistics (including combat service support).

 (7) Time and space factors.

 (8) Combat efficiency.

 3. Assumptions.

B. Analysis of enemy capabilities.

C. Comparison of friendly COAs

 1. Statement of COAs.

 2. Probability of success assessment.

 3. Comparison of COAs.

D. Decision (recommended COA)--mission profile

 1. Method and location of insertion.

 2. Movement to target area.
G-3

 3. Actions at the objective.

 4. Movement to and method of extraction.

SECTION III--Supporting plans

A. Overall schedule

 1. Preparation / Rehearsal.

 2. Insertion / Infiltration.

 3. Actions at Objective.

 4. Exfiltration / Extraction.

 5. Debrief.

B. Logistics (including combat service support).

C. Resupply.

D. Communications and electronics procedures and equipment needs

(publish joint CEOI).

E. SERER

F. Indigenous force support.

G. Time and distance charts.

H. Deployment.

I. Weaponeering.

J. Target recuperability.

K. Command relationships.

L. OPDEC

M. PSYOP and CA.

SECTION IV--Limiting Factors

A. Intelligence.

B. Weather.

C. Equipment.
G-4

D. Tactics.

E. Logistics (including combat service support).

F. Personnel.

G. Training.

H. Supporting forces.

I. C3.

J. Law of war and rules of engagement and US law and legal issues.

K. Counterintelligence environment.

L. Other factors.

SECTION V--Unsatisfied Requirements

A. Operational

B. Intelligence

C. Support

 (Signed)

 Commander

ANNEXES: (As required: by letter and title)

DISTRIBUTION: (According to policies and procedures of the issuing

headquarters)
H-1

 APPENDIX H

 MISSION SUPPORT PLANS

 (Includes fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft,

 surface ships, and submarines)

SECTION I--Mission

A. Target identification data.

B. Mission statement.

SECTION II--Mission Summary

A. Mission tasking.

B. Objective area.

C. General concept.

D. Summary of limiting factors.

E. Probability of mission success.

SECTION III--Assumptions

SECTION IV--Threat Assessment

SECTION V--Navigation and Overall Mission Portrayal

NOTE: This represents the entire infil and exfil route from launch

 to recovery on a suitable scale chart annotating all

 information deemed necessary by the planning cell for

 portrayal of the mission. This should include, but is not

 limited to, the following:

A. Launch base(s).

B. Intermediate staging base(s).

C. Landing zone(s), drop zones, recovery zone(s), seaward launch

point(s), beach landing sites(s), and seaward recovery point(s).

D. Recovery base(s).

E. Abort and/or emergency divert base(s).
H-2

F. Air refueling track(s) and forward arming and refueling points

(FARPs).

G. Routes

 1. Ingress.

 2. Egress.

 3. Orbiting and holding.

 4. Safe passage procedures.

 5. Strip charts, navigation logs, global positioning satellite

 receivers, and other aids (as required).

SECTION VI--Supporting Plans

A. Overall schedule of events.

B. Prelaunch requirements

 1. Updates to orders of battle.

 2. Essential elements of information.

 3. Problem areas and key factors.

C. Insert and extract platform(s) factors and logistic considerations.

D. Command, control, and communications.

 1. Security preparations.

 2. Departure procedures (overt or deception procedures).

 3. Communications equipment requirements.

 a. Insertion and extraction platform(s).

 b. SOC.

 4. Specialized operational procedures and techniques.

 5. Radio silence areas.

 6. Go/no-go point.
H-3

 7. Publish joint communications-electronics operating instructions

 for air mission.

 8. Deception.

E. Emergency procedures

 1. Engine-out capability.

 2. Weather.

 3. Faulty intelligence.

 4. Insertion and extraction platform(s) abort procedures

 a. Late departure procedures.

 b. Maintenance problems.

 c. Battle damage.

 d. Platform destruction.

 e. Bump plan.

 5. Drop or other fuel-related malfunctions.

 6. Lost communications procedures.

 7. Mission abort procedures.

F. Evasion plan of action

 1. Crew/embarked personnel responsibilities.

 2. Immediate actions upon sinking, ditching, or bailout.

 3. Evasion movement.

 4. SAFE area intelligence descriptions (SAID).

 5. Selected area for evasion (SAFE).

 6. Evasion team communications.

 7. SAR contact procedures.
H-4

SECTION VII--Limiting Factors

A. Intelligence.

B. Weather.

C. Equipment.

D. Munitions.

E. Tactics.

F. Logistics (including combat service support and hazardous material).

G. Personnel.

H. Training.

I. Supporting forces.

J. Rules of engagement (ROEs) and legal issues.

K. Counterintelligence environment.

SECTION VIII--Special Operations Aviation, Surface Ship, and Submarine

Requirements from AFSOC, ARSOF, or NAVSOF to Conduct Initial

Assessment(s)

A. Target coordinates.

B. Maximum and minimum distances the LZs, DZs, SLPs, BLSs, RZs, and

SRPs can be from the target.

C. Timeframe in OPLAN or CONPLAN scenario, (e.g., D-day, D-XX, or

D+XX).

D. Desired launch and recovery base(s).

E. Type of delivery or recovery required (e.g., airdrop, airland, fast

rope, SEAL delivery vehicle (SDV), combat rubber raiding craft (CRRC)),

and platform preferred.

F. Number of personnel to be transferred and approximate weight per

person.

G. Approximate size and weight of additional equipment.

H. Type and quantity of hazardous material (e.g., gasoline, lithium

batteries, etc.)
H-5

I. Assumptions made during supported unit's FA and POE.

J. Desired time over target.

K. Resupply and/or extraction requirements.

NOTE: Some of the information may not be readily available.

 Information in hand will normally suffice to conduct the POE.

 However, all efforts should be made to obtain the above

 information and incorporate it into the POE.
H-6

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
J-1

 APPENDIX J

 SOF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION

 DIRECT ACTION AND SPECIAL RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS

SECTION I--Target Identification and Description

FA TIP ISO

 A. Target identification data

B1 - - 1. Target name.

B1 - - 2. Mission number.

B1 - - 3. BE number.

B1 - - 4. Target coordinates: give geographic,

 source, datum, UTMs, graphic reference(s).

B1 - - 5. SOA coordinates.

B1 - - 6. Category code.

B1 - - 7. Safe area number.

B1 - - 8. Country.

 B. Description and significance

B1 - - Reference MTP SECTION II:I.

NOTES:

 1. EEI coding for FA, TIP and ISOLATION planning steps.

 Alpha code: "D"=DA MISSIONS; "S"=SR MISSIONS; "B"=BOTH.

 Numeric coding: Priority "1"=ESSENTIAL; "2"=MISSION ENHANCING

 2. Enter "NA" for not applicable EEI.

 3. Recommend TIP production time (90 days) not be exceeded

 for intelligence collection--annotate TIP with

 collection request date, number, and agency.

 4. Update TIP with collected data upon receipt or annually.
J-2

FA TIP ISO

 C. Detailed target description

 - B1 - 1. Physical layout or functional

 organization

 - B1 - a. Description.

 - B1 - b. Layout of structures and areas.

 Annotated photo or line drawing.

 - B1 - c. Key component list (see Section C5 that

 follows for details)

 (1) First component.

 (a) Critical damage

 point

 1. Stress point.

 2. Stress point.

 (b) Critical damage point

 (2) Second component, etc.

 - S1 - 2. Line-of-sight study (if required

 by the mission type or specified by the MTP

 or FA).

 - B1 - 3. Primary and alternate power sources

 - B1 - a. Number.

 - B1 - b. Type.

 - B1 - c. Location.

 - B1 - d. Conduits

 - B1 - (1) Location (power lines,

 comms cables, relationships,

 etc.).

 - B1 - (2) Type (color, construction,

 diameter, thickness).
J-3

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - e. Associated facilities

 (transformers, switches, yards,

 relays, spares).

 - B1 - f. Fuel supply

 - B1 - (1) Location (above,

 partially below, or below ground;

 containers types).

 - B1 - (2) Type fuel(s).

 - B1 - 4. Communications associated with the

 target

 - B1 - a. Type (telephone, radios

 (FM/AM/HF/UHF), SATCOM voice/Morse

 code, data fax, etc.)

 - B1 - (1) Methods and procedures

 for securing comms (scrambling,

 frequency jumping, one-time

 pads, brevity codes).

 - B1 - (2) Visual signals (smoke,

 panels, flags).

 - B1 - (3) Noise (rifle shots,

 klaxons, sirens).

 - B1 - (4) Country of origin, year

 manufactured, model.

 - B1 - (5) Number and type of

 antennas.

 - B1 - b. Number (by type).

 - B1 - c. Location.

 - B1 - d. Associated facilities (link

 sites, switch centers, repair

 centers, etc.)

 - B1 - (1) Power supply.

 - B1 - (2) Switchboards and rerouting

 centers.
J-4

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - (3) Antenna array.

 - B1 - (4) Cables and number and

 location of personnel.

 - D1 - 5. Components, critical damage points

 and stress points. Support to

 CARVER. The piece of equipment,

 portion of bridge, building,

 section of power line, staff

 member that, if destroyed, killed,

 or captured, will result in the

 inability of the target to function.

 First component: 1. Name (list each

 component separately with all items in

 subparagraph a and b below)

 Second component: 2. Name (list each

 component separately with all items in

 paragraph a and b below) (continue

 listing components as needed)

 - B1 - a. Physical structure (equipment,

 machinery, room. Annotated

 photograph, sketch, floor plan,

 diagram, etc.)

 - D1 - (1) Dimensions (length,

 width, height, separation).

 - D1 - (2) Construction materials

 (masonry wood, etc.).

 - D1 - b. Critical damage points--one

 (list each critical damage point

 separately with each item below)

 - D1 - (1) Type (provide damage

 point and parent structure).

 - D1 - (2) Location (be as specific

 as possible).

 - D1 - (3) Dimensions.
J-5

FA TIP ISO

 - D1 - (4) Construction material

 (type, thickness, etc.).

 - D1 - (5) First stress point

 (second stress point is (5b),

 etc. List each stress point

 separately with 6, 7, and 8

 below).

 - D1 - (6) Criticality (destruction

 or damage will have

 significant influence on

 target function).

 - D1 - (7) Accessibility (ability to

 reach point either physically

 or by indirect fire weapons).

 - D1 - (8) Recuperability (time to

 replace, repair, or bypass and

 return to normal operations).

 - D1 - (9) Effect (possible

 political, economic, or

 sociological impact of damage

 or destruction or the target

 on the populace).

 - D1 - (10) Recognizability (target

 recognizability under varying

 weather, light, and seasonal

 conditions).

 6. On-site security

 - B1 - a. Location (guard posts,

 bunkers, trenches, security force

 barracks, motor pools). Annotated

 photo, sketch.

 - B2 B1 b. Security procedures

 - B2 B1 (1) Patrols

 - B2 B1 (a) Type (air, ground--on foot or

 in vehicle, surface, subsurface).
J-6

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 B1 (b) Frequency and pattern (route,

 timing).

 - B2 B1 (c) Size.

 - B2 B1 (d) Armament.

 - B2 B1 (2) Lighting (power source and

 location).

 - D2 D1 (3) Detection systems (perimeter

 barriers, fences, buildings, extent and

 integration of defenses)

 - D2 D1 (a) Overhead cameras.

 - D2 D1 (b) Ground (seismic, infrared,

 motion, and metallic).

 - D2 D1 (c) Water alarms.

 - D2 D1 (d) Electromagnetic (frequency

 spectrum).

 - D2 D1 (4) Barrier and obstacles (height,

 width, depth, special features--

 electrification, booby traps, detection

 devices. Include intentional barbed

 wire and incidental telephone poles).

 - D2 D1 (5) Entry, internal procedures (keys,

 cipher locks using cards or numbers,

 personnel, vehicle badges, decals, and

 colors).

 - B2 B1 c. Ground-associated military or internal

 security facilities and forces

 - B2 B1 (1) Location (coordinates of units

 that could interfere with operations).
J-7

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 B1 (2) Types of forces (garrison,

 artillery, SAM, AAA, paramilitary,

 bandit, etc.).

 - B2 B1 (3) Strength (TO&E strength).

 - B2 B1 (4) Weapons (type, number,location).

 - B2 B1 (5) Ammunition (type, number,

 location).

 - B2 B2 (6) Communications (type, number,

 frequency)

 - B2 B2 (a) Connectivity with

 target.

 - B2 B2 (b) Location of links and

 conduits (telephone switch points,

 microwave towers, radio relay

 sites, etc.).

 - B2 B2 (7) Alternate means of communication

 - B2 B2 (a) Number, type, location.

 - B2 B2 (b) Interruption alarms.

 - B2 B2 (8) Organic and available transport

 - B2 B2 (a) Type (vehicles, helos,

 civilian and military,

 maintenance).

 - B2 B2 (b) Number.

 - B2 B2 (9) Fuel supply

 - B2 B2 (a) Type (diesel, gasoline,

 water-driven turbine).
J-8

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 B2 (b) Location (source, tankers,

 etc.).

 - B2 B2 (c) Access (hydrant, hose, hand

 pump, etc.).

 - B2 B2 (d) Storage (tanks, barrels,

 aboveground, underground (depth),

 etc.).

 - B2 B2 (e) Firefighting equipment.

 - B2 B1 7. Target area activity

 - B2 B1 a. On target--operational routine (daily,

 weekly, monthly, seasonally).

 - B2 B1 b. Target vicinity--operational routine

 (daily, weekly, monthly, seasonally, in

 civilian neighborhood, industrial

 complex, business).

 - D2 D1 8. Target site alert procedures

 - D2 D1 a. Security procedures.

 - D2 D1 b. Changes in procedures and posture (more

 guards at gates, entrances, in towers,

 emplacements, entrenching, barbed wire,

 obstacles, etc.).

 - D2 D1 9. Enemy reaction capability

 - D2 D1 a. Dedicated (strength, equipment,

 training, weapons, reaction time, etc.).

 - D2 D1 b. Incidental (strength, equipment,

 training, weapons, reaction time, etc.).
J-9

FA TIP ISO

 - - B1 10. Latest target and target area intelligence

 (examples: updated order of battle,

 target status, SERER and SAFE areas).

 D. Target vulnerability assessment (use Joint

 Munitions Effectiveness Manual--Special

 Operations, etc.).

SECTION II--Natural Environment

FA TIP ISO

 A. Geographic data (including terrain, hazards to

 movement)

 - B1 - 1. Geographic terrain features

 - B1 - a. Natural obstacles.

 - B1 - b. Manmade obstacles.

 - B2 B1 2. Avenues of approach (including road, rail,

 waterway, air, etc. Trace approaches to

 the target using an overlay or graphic)

 - B2 B1 a. Most likely approach to be used by the

 enemy.

 - B2 B1 b. Exploitable approaches to impede

 reinforcement.

 - B2 B1 c. Potential obstacles, terrain features,

 or chokepoints.

 - B2 B1 d. Special conditions (seasonal

 variations, etc.).

 - B2 B1 e. Fording sites (depth, width, type

 bottom).

 - B2 B1 f. Trafficability (estimated rates of

 advance, transit time to target).

 - B2 B1 g. Exploitable civilian transport
J-10

FA TIP ISO

 B. Meteorological data (climatological overview,

 illumination data)

 - B1 - 1. Current data.

 - B1 - 2. Historical data (including unusual

 conditions: sandstorms, blizzards, etc.).

 - B1 - C. Hydrographic data (coastal and otherwise)

 - B1 - 1. Tidal activity.

 - B1 - 2. Currents.

 - B1 - 3. Temperatures.

 - B1 - 4. Special conditions (seasonal variations,

 etc.).

 - B1 - 5. Beaches (natural and manmade obstacles).

 - B1 - 6. Marine life.

SECTION III--Threat

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - A. Ground forces (including border guards--type,

 number, NBC capability, night operations)

 - B1 - B. Paramilitary and indigenous forces (type,

 number, NBC capability, night operations).

 - B1 - C. Naval forces (including coast guard and

 maritime border guards--type, number, NBC

 capability, night operations).

 - B1 - D. Air forces (type, number, NBC capability, night

 operations).

 - B1 - E. Air defense forces (including aircraft, radars,

 passive detectors--type, numbers).
J-11

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 B1 F. Electronic order of battle.

 - B2 B2 G. Space-based assets.

 - - B1 H. Other (including indicators of enemy course of

 action within a 24-hour period including

 reinforce, defend, delay, NBC operations).

SECTION IV--Demographics and Cultural Features

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - A. Area population characteristics.

 - B1 - B. Languages, dialects, and ethnic composition

 (national and in target area).

 - B1 - C. Social conditions.

 - B1 - D. Religious factors.

 - B1 - E. Political characteristics.

 - B1 - F. Economic conditions.

 - B1 - G. Miscellaneous (including currency, holidays,

 dress, customs, foreign influences, and

 personnel).

SECTION V--Lines of Communication and Information Systems

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - A. Airfields

 - B1 - 1. Description of each (graph, overlay,

 chart--type, location, capacity, POL,

 parking areas, aircraft, etc.).

 - B1 - 2. Factors limiting use.

 - B1 - B. Railways

 - B1 - 1. Description of network (graph, overlay,

 chart).
J-12

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - 2. Factors limiting use.

 - B1 - C. Roadways

 - B1 - 1. Description of network (graph, overlay,

 chart).

 - B1 - 2. Factors limiting use.

 - B1 - 3. Bypass routes.

 - B1 - D. Waterways

 - B1 - 1. Description (graph, overlay, chart).

 - B1 - 2. Beaches suitable for amphibious landing

 - B1 - a. Beach length and configuration.

 - B1 - b. Usable beach length.

 - B1 - c. Beach interruptions and obstacles.

 - B1 - d. Type of coastline.

 - B1 - e. Backshore description

 - B1 - (1) Width.

 - B1 - (2) Gradient.

 - B1 - (3) Composition.

 - B1 - (4) Vegetation.

 - B1 - (5) Exits.

 - B1 - f. Foreshore description

 - B1 - (1) Width.

 - B1 - (2) Gradient.

 - B1 - (3) Composition.
J-13

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - g. Nearshore

 - B1 - (1) Width.

 - B1 - (2) Gradient.

 - B1 - (3) Composition.

 - B1 - E. Ports

 - B1 - 1. Depth.

 - B1 - 2. Tides.

 - B1 - 3. Currents.

 - B1 - F. POL.

 - B1 - G. Power grid.

 - B1 - H. Public information media and telecommunications

 (print, radio, television, telephone, etc.).

SECTION VI--Insertion and Extraction

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - A. Potential LZs, DZs, BLSs, HLZs.

 - U1 U1 B. Chokepoints between insertion point(s) and

 objective.

SECTION VII--SERER and Survival Data

FA TIP ISO

 A. SERER and SAFE areas

 - B2 B1 1. Population.

 - B2 B1 2. Characteristics and culture.

 - B2 B1 3. Location.

 - B2 B1 4. Approaches.

 - B2 B1 5. Contact, recovery points, and procedures.
J-14

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 B1 6. Security hazards.

 - B2 B1 7. Cover and concealment.

 B. Survival data

 - B2 B1 1. Food.

 - B1 - 2. Water (identify all known water sources).

 - B1 - a. Type.

 - B1 - b. Source.

 - B1 - c. Capacity.

 - B2 B1 3. Shelter.

 - B2 B1 4. Medical, health, and sanitation.

 - B2 B1 a. General health and sanitation

 conditions.

 - B2 B1 b. Diseases.

 - B2 B1 c. Plants and animals of medical

 importance.

SECTION VIII--Unique Intelligence (mission-specific requirements, to

include counterintelligence environment, not covered above)

SECTION IX--Intelligence Shortfalls

APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY

APPENDIX C: IMAGERY

FA TIP ISO

 A. Imagery

 - B1 - 1. Area (20-25 nm radius from target center).
J-15

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 B2 2. Intermediate (5-6 nm or 10 km).

 - B1 - 3. Target (entire target).

 - B1 - 4. Broad-area-coverage (to identify, select,

 plan, and execute overland infil and exfil

 routes).

 B. Photography

 - D1 - 1. Picture(s) or facsimile(s) of key

 components and critical damage points of

 target (such as building room, van,

 missile, warhead, etc.).

 - D1 - 2. Picture(s) or facsimile(s) of stress points

 of critical damage point(s) (the bulls eye:

 such as a junction box, bridge girder,

 valve, etc.).

APPENDIX D: MAPS AND CHARTS

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - A. A copy of all maps and charts used to create

 the TIP.

 - B1 - B. Map of the target area (1:50,000).

 - B2 - C. Digitally manipulated imagery (i.e.

 line-of-sight studies, ground-based views on

 specific azimuths).

APPENDIX E: SCI (if applicable)
J-16

 (INTENTIONALLY BLANK)
K-1

 APPENDIX K

 SOF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION

 FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE AND UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE

SECTION I--Objective Area (OA) Identification and Description

FA TIP ISO

 A. OA identification data

B1 - - 1. Country(s).

B1 - - 2. Geographic limits of OA (geographic or

 UTM).

B1 - - 3. Plan or operations (number and name).

 B. Description and significance

B1 - - Reference Appendix A, SECTION II:I.

SECTION II--Natural Environment

FA TIP ISO

 A. Geographic data (including terrain, hazards to

 movement)

 - B1 - 1. Geographic terrain features

 - B1 - a. General description of OA.

 - B1 - b. Key natural and manmade features.

Notes:

 1. EEI coding for FA, TIP AND ISOLATION planning steps.

 a. Alpha coding: "U"=Unconventional Warfare; "F"=Foreign

 Internal Defense; "B"=Both.

 b. Numeric coding: Priority "1"-ESSENTIAL; "2"-MISSION

 ENHANCING.

 2. Enter "NA" for not applicable EEI.

 3. Update TIP with collected data upon receipt or annually.
K-2

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - 2. Avenues of approach into OA (road, rail,

 waterway, air, etc. Trace approaches using

 an overlay or graphic)

 - B1 - a. Most likely approach of reinforcement.

 - B1 - b. Potential obstacles, terrain features,

 and choke points.

 - B1 - c. Special conditions (seasonal

 variations, etc.).

 - B1 - d. Fording sites (depth, width, type

 bottom).

 - B1 - e. Exploitable points and segments to

 impede reinforcements.

 B. Meteorological data (climatological overview,

 illumination data)

U1 F1 - 1. Current data.

U1 F1 - 2. Historical data (including unusual

 conditions: sandstorms, blizzards, etc.).

 C. Hydrographic data (coastal, waterways, lakes,

 etc.)

 - U1 - 1. Tidal activity.

 - U1 - 2. Currents.

 - U1 - 3. Temperatures.

 - U1 - 4. Special conditions (seasonal variations,

 etc.).

 - U1 - 5. Depths, underwater obstacles.

 D. Water sources (color-coded overlay)

U1 F1 - 1. Type.

U1 F1 - 2. Source.
K-3

FA TIP ISO

U1 F1 - 3. Capacity.

B2 B1 - E. Flora and fauna (plants and animals. Include

 information of tactical value, i.e., plants and

 animals that would impede or assist movement

 routes or rates, massing, dispersal,

 acquisition, and weapon capabilities, security

 --including location, numbers, size, type).

SECTION III--Threat

FA TIP ISO

 A. Objective country

 1. Summary (strategy, force disposition,

 threat to US personnel)

F1 F1/U1 - a. Objective country's military strategy.

B1 B1 - b. Disposition of combat units.

 - F1 - c. Principal military targets.

 - B1 - d. Threat to US personnel and advisors.

B1 _ - 2. Ground forces (TO&E strength, including

 border guards and reserves, etc. Give

 type, number, capability of equipment,

 weapons, night vision capability, field

 defense positions located in UTMs to

 nearest 100 meters).

B1 - - 3. Paramilitary and/or indigenous forces,

 internal security forces or police (TO&E

 strength. Type, number, capability,

 equipment, weapons, night operations).

B1 - - 4. Naval forces (including coast guard and

 maritime border guard--type, number,

 capability, equipment, weapons).

B1 _ - 5. Air forces (type, numbers, capability,

 ordnance, reaction time,
K-4

FA TIP ISO

 loiter times, sortie rate, performance

 characteristics, operating schedules, alert

 factors).

 - B1 - 6. Air defense forces (including aircraft,

 radars, antiaircraft weapon systems type

 and deployment, passive detectors--type,

 numbers, capability. For GCI include

 proficiency, operating schedules,

 flexibility, and responsiveness).

 - B1 - 7. Electronic order of battle.

 - B2 B2 8. Forces' communications (C3: hierarchy and

 protocols, capabilities, TO&E operating

 characteristics, COMSEC equipment, and

 material type).

U1 U1/F2 - 9. Electronic warfare (types, capabilities,

 operational characteristics, frequencies,

 power output, locations of units,

 equipment, and ECM).

 - B2 B2 10. Command, control, and communications

 countermeasures (C3CM) (list

 communications of military significance

 and susceptible to C3CM actions.

 - B1 - 11. Weapon systems (both US and foreign. Type,

 availability, maintenance and logistic

 capabilities, suppliers, training, etc.).

 - B1 - 12. Intelligence collection capability (include

 agency and means, effectiveness of each,

 and predisposition or bias toward or

 against)

 - B1 - a. HUMINT and counterintelligence.

 - B1 - b. SIGINT environment.

 - B1 - c. IMINT.

 - B1 - d. Reconnaissance patrols.
K-5

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - 13. Uniform and equipment markings.

B2 B1 - 14. NBC capability (types, sources, and

 storage locations. For NBC-capable

 units--type, specify launcher or weapon

 system location, availability, ranges,

 employment or alert times, comms, and

 units' ammunition load; e.g., 50 percent

 nuclear, 25 percent conventional HE, 25

 percent chemical).

 - B2 - 15. NBC protection and decontamination

 (locations and types).

B1 B1 - 16. Special operations and PSYOP (plans,

 programs, capabilities to conduct.

 Vulnerability to PSYOP).

B1 F1/U2 - 17. Civil disturbance and riot control

 training (units and their capabilities).

B2 B1 - 18. Government resistance potential (internal

 and external threats. List indigenous

 peoples and vulnerabilities).

 _ B2 B2 19. Support of regional insurgencies (groups,

 movements, type of support).

 20. Support of terrorist and guerrillas

B1 B1 - a. Groups supported (name, type,

 affiliation, operational techniques,

 capabilities, equipment).

 - U1/F2 - b. Training and staging areas, infil or

 escape routes (location, techniques,

 equipment, etc.).

 - B2 - c. Safe houses (disposition, size,

 location).

U2 U1/F2 - d. Reaction to introduction of US forces.

 B. Opposition and resistance forces

B1 B1 - 1. Groups and forces (names, organization,

 leaders, political affiliation, size,

 population support).
K-6

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - 2. Military capabilities (organization,

 equipment training, ability to conduct

 sabotage, subversion, and deception).

 - U1/F2 - 3. Groups and force communications (types,

 vulnerability to covert or overt attack).

F2 F1 - 4. US use of groups and forces (methods of

 contact and probability of cooperation).

B1 B1 - 5. Threat to US personnel and advisers.

 - - B1 6. Indicators and warning (indicators of

 preparation by the objective country or

 opposition forces for action within a

 24-hour period for the following: attack,

 withdraw without engaging, reinforce,

 defend, delay, conduct special or NBC

 operations).

SECTION IV--Demographics, Cultural, Political, Social Features (EEI must

be answered for both objective country and opposition or resistance

forces)

FA TIP ISO

 A. Area population characteristics

 - B2 B2 1. Centers and density.

 - B1 - 2. Refugee movement(s).

 - B1 - 3. Attitude of civilians and civilian groups

 to US involvement (friendly, unfriendly, or

 neutral)

 - B1 - a. Groups.

 - B1 - b. Key civilians.

 - B1 - c. Biographic data.

 - F2 F2 4. Attitude of neutral population toward host

 country (HC), threat policies, and actions.
K-7

FA TIP ISO

 - F2 F2 5. Local sources that could help our

 position through liaison or other means

 (used by allied, friendly, or US HUMINT

 organizations)

 - F2 F2 a. Human rights history (friendly and

 threat).

 - F2 F2 b. US policy toward HC's human rights

 actions.

 - F2 F2 6. Friendly contacts (embassies, businesses,

 missionaries, teachers, students, etc.)

 - F2 F2 a. Human rights history (friendly and

 threat).

 - F2 F2 b. US policy toward HC's human rights

 activities.

 - B1 - B. Languages, dialects, and ethnic composition.

 - F1 - C. Social conditions.

 - F1 - D. Religious factors.

 E. Political characteristics

 - B1 - 1. Internal groups (identify groups,

 indigenous elements who are members,

 level of popular support).

 - B1 - 2. Key military leaders (biographic data--

 backgrounds, talents, connections,

 political affiliation, and orientation).

 - F1 - 3. Attitude toward planned US operations

 (support, oppose, or tolerate action).

 - B1 - 4. Opposition to existing US forces,

 facilities, or interests (general

 population and significant groups and

 forces).
K-8

FA TIP ISO

 - B1 - a. Who (biographic data).

 - B1 - b. When.

 - B1 - c. Where.

 - B1 - d. Nature and form of opposition.

 - F1 _ 5. Assistance available to US forces (extent

 and capabilities).

B1 B1 - 6. Vulnerabilities of objective country

 government to insurgent attack

 (prioritize).

 - B2 B2 7. Tensions (regional and national; causes,

 intensity, degree, and exploitability by

 the US or opposition).

 - F2 F2 8. Information service, apparatus, or

 organization (key personnel, attitude

 toward the US Government, usable by US

 forces).

 - B2 B2 9. Propaganda apparatus (organization(s),

 key personnel, attitude toward the US

 Government, usable by US forces).

B2 B2 - 10. Employment of propaganda and

 disinformation (currently, future

 capabilities).

F1 U1 - 11. Foreign influences (identify sources,

 leaders, themes, influence on government,

 unions, students, insurgent forces and

 general public).

 _ B2 B2 F. Available labor force (location, numbers,

 equipment, etc.).

 _ B1 - G. Customs (social, weapons, religious, cultural,

 mores, etc.).

F2 F1 - H. Medical capabilities (use by US forces,

 limitations).
K-9

FA TIP ISO

F2 B1 - I. Health and sanitation conditions (facilities,

 agencies, capabilities).

 - F1 - J. Economic conditions.

 - F1/U2 K. Currency, holidays, dress, etc.

SECTION V--Lines of Communication, Information Systems, and Logistics

FA TIP ISO

 A. Airfields

 - F1/U2 - 1. Description of each (qraph, overlay,

 chart--type, location, capacity, POL,

 parking areas, aircraft, etc.).

 - F1/U2 - 2. Limiting factors for use.

 - F1/U2 - 3. Available for US use (include any

 limitations).

 B. Railways

U2 B1 - 1. Description of network (graph, overlay,

 chart).

U2 B1 - 2. Limiting factors for use.

 C. Roadways

 - B2 B2 1. Description of network (graph, overlay,

 chart).

 - B2 B2 2. Limiting factors for use.

 - B2 B2 3. Bypass routes.

 D. Waterways

 - B1 - 1. Description (graph, overlay, chart).

 - B1 - 2. Identify beaches suitable for amphibious

 landing.
K-10

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 - E. Ports (include availability to US forces

 and limitations on US operations).

 F. POL (refining, storage, and distribution)

 - U1 - 1. Vulnerabilities.

 - U1 - 2. Exploitability by US forces.

 G. Power grid (generating and distribution

 networks)

 - U1 - 1. Vulnerabilities.

 - U1 - 2. Exploitability by US forces.

 H. Public information media and telecommunications

 - B2 B2 1. Signal allocation controlling authority

 (agency and procedures).

 - B2 B2 2. Radio and TV broadcast (controlling

 agency, key personnel, station locations,

 channels and frequencies, output transmitters,

 operating hours, political affiliations).

 - B2 B2 3. Newspapers (controlling agency, key

 personnel, printing locations, political

 affiliations, distribution).

 - B2 B2 4. Communications network or system

 - B2 B2 (a) Equipment type and switching system.

 - B2 B2 (b) Cable vaults and layouts.

 - B2 B2 (c) Transmission media for trunk groups

 (e.g., open wires, microwave).

 - B2 B2 (d) Relay towers (location).

 - B2 B2 (e) System manning (civilian, military).
K-11

FA TIP ISO

 - B2 B2 (f) For multiple systems, indicate

 interconnections.

 - U1/F2 - I. Exploitable civilian transportation (trucks,

 buses, river craft).

 - F2/F2 - J. Primary modes of transportation (public and

 commercial).

B1 B1 - K. US-provided materials, services urgently needed

 or required (by cooperating indigenous

 military, paramilitary, resistance forces, or

 local nationals. List and prioritize).

 - F1/U2 - L. Stockpiles (equipment, supplies, etc. Give

 location, type, volume).

B2 F1/U2 - M. War-sustaining industries (ability to produce

 warfighting supplies).

 - F1/U2 - N. War-sustaining resupply (outside suppliers of

 end items and war material, country, agent,

 company, storage location).

 - U1 - O. Movement control centers.

SECTION VI--Infiltration and Exfiltration (potential LZs, DZs, BLSs,

HLZs. Include availability to US forces and limitations on US

operations)

FA TIP ISO

U2 B1 - A. List potential zones.

U2 U1 - B. Chokepoints between insertion point(s) and

 objective.

SECTION VII--Military Assistance (EEIs must be answered for objective

country and opposition or resistance forces)

FA TIP ISO

 A. Military assistance provided (countries

 committed to or providing assistance)
K-12

FA TIP ISO

 _ F2 F2 1. External military assistance (legal or de

 facto).

B2 B1 - 2. Foreign military advisers (country

 represented, adviser location, type of

 assistance).

F1 F1/U2 - 3. Foreign combatants, paramilitary

 (strengths and locations).

B2 B1 - B. Foreign personnel (noncombatants, medical,

 engineers, etc. Numbers and locations).

 - F1/U2 - C. Foreign military material (trucks, heavy

 equipment, etc.).

 _ B1 - D. Deployments of foreign personnel and equipment

 (types, frequency, number, represented country,

 purpose, and projections).

 _ B2 B2 E. Foreign contractors services and construction

 (type of work, equipment, location, represented

 country or company, etc.).

F1 F1/U2 - F. US support (current and projected).

SECTION VIII--SERER and Survival Data

FA TIP ISO

 A. SERER and SAFE areas

 - F2 F1 1. Population.

 - F2 F1 2. Characteristics and culture.

 - F2 F1 3. Location.

 - F2 F1 4. Approaches.

 - F2 F1 5. Contact and recovery points and procedures.

 - F2 F1 6. Security hazards.
K-13

FA TIP ISO

 - F2 F1 7. Cover and concealment.

 B. Survival data

 - B2 B1 1. Food.

 - B1 - 2. Water (identify all known water sources)

 - B1 - a. Type.

 - B1 - b. Source.

 - B1 - c. Capacity.

 - F2 F1 3. Shelter.

 - B2 B1 4. Medical, health, and sanitation

 - B2 B1 a. General health and sanitation

 conditions.

 - B2 B1 b. Diseases.

 - B2 B1 c. Plants and animals of medical

 importance.

SECTION IX--Unique Intelligence (mission-specific requirements not

covered above)

SECTION X--Intelligence Shortfalls

APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY

APPENDIX C: IMAGERY

FA TIP ISO

 A. Imagery for FID

 - U2 U2 1. Imagery of infil and exfil routes.

 - U2 U2 2. Imagery of DZ, if specified.
K-14

FA TIP ISO

 - U1 - 3. Requester-specified requirements may

 include: chokepoints, critical bridges,

 water and road junctions, terrain

 features that could hamper movement or

 tactically endanger friendly or enemy

 forces (no more than 10 requirements, no

 request for scale larger than 1:12,000,

 and no imagery requested larger that 5

 kilometers radius center of mass of

 target).

 - F1 - B. Imagery for UW. Requester-specified

 requirements may include: imagery of LOCs,

 major cities, and chokepoints. List items,

 scales, and radius.

APPENDIX D: MAPS AND CHARTS

FA TIP ISO

 A. Maps and charts for FID

U1 U1 - (Maps or charts of the entire OA (overall area

 chart and 1:50,000s)).

 B. Maps and charts for UW

1 F1 - (Maps or charts of the country (1:1,000,000)).

F2 F2 - C. Digitally manipulated imagery (i.e., line-of

 -sight studies, ground-based views on specific

 azimuths).

APPENDIX E: SCI (if applicable)
L-1

 APPENDIX L

 SOF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION

 INSERTION AND EXTRACTION

 (Includes Fixed and Rotary Wing Aircraft)

SECTION I--Air Defense

FA TIP ISO

 A. Enemy command and control structure

2 1 - 1. Type of center.

2 1 - 2. Location of centers.

2 1 - 3. Type of communication assets (land line,

 radio/freqs, microwave, SATCOM).

 - 1 - 4. Doctrine and employment methods,

2 2 1 5. Ability to direct intercepts and SAM

 engagements.

 6. Launch authority

 - 1 - a. Who?

 - 1 - b. How long?

 - 1 - 7. Critical nodes in C3.

 - 2 2 8. Reaction to one C-130 in their area.

2 2 1 9. Defensive capability (AAA, SAM, CAP).

2 1 - 10. Air defense zone boundaries.

NOTES:

 - EEI Coding for FA, TIP and ISOLATION Planning sets

 -- Priority "1" = ESSENTIAL "2" = MISSION ENHANCING

 - Enter "NA" for not applicable EEI

 - Recommend TIP production time (90 days) not be exceeded for

intelligence collection--annotate TIP with collection request date,

number and agency.

 - Update TIP with collected data upon receipt or annually
L-2

FA TIP ISO

 B. Listening/visual reporting posts

1 - - 1. Locations.

 - 2 2 2. Hours of operation/shift change times.

 - 2 2 3. Status (alert, overall readiness).

2 1 - 4. Communications ability.

 - 2 1 5. Night vision capabilities.

2 1 - 6. Defensive capabilities.

 C. Passive detection devices

1 - - 1. Type.

1 - - 2. Location.

 3. Capabilities

2 1 - a. Equipment reliability.

2 1 - b. Operators/limitations.

 - 2 1 4. Hours of operation/shift change times.

2 1 - 5. Reporting network, procedures (links with

 direct threats).

 - 1 - 6. Defensive capabilities (SAMs, AAA, small

 arms).

 D. Early warning radars

1 - - 1. Type.

1 - - 2. Location

1 - - a. Site elevation.

1 - - b. Antenna height.

 - 2 1 3. Operating frequencies.

 4. Operations

2 1 - a. Status.
L-3

FA TIP ISO

2 1 - b. Mobile?

 - 2 2 c. Hours/shift change.

 - 2 2 d. MX down times.

 5. Capabilities

 - 1 - a. ECCM capability.

 - 1 - b. EMCON.

 - 2 2 c. Operator proficiency.

 - 2 1 6. System limitations.

 - 1 - 7. Communication capabilities.

 - 1 - 8. Defenses around radar sites.

 E. Air interceptors/helos

1 - - 1. Airfield locations.

 2. Aircraft

1 - - a. Type.

1 - - b. Number.

1 - - c. Armament.

 - 2 1 d. Tactics and employment doctrine (low

 level GCI?).

 - 2 1 e. GCI dependence pilot proficiency at

 attacking a large aircraft.

1 - - f. Radar.

 - 1 - g. Capabilities.

 3. Operation

 - 2 2 a. Readiness.

 - 2 2 b. Alert status.
L-4

FA TIP ISO

 - 2 1 c. Response times.

 - 1 - 4. Airborne early warning tracks.

 - 1 - 5. CAP locations.

 - 1 - 6. Training areas.

2 1 - 7. Night capable?

2 1 - 8. IFF capability.

 F. Missile information (SAMS)

1 - - 1. Type include model/quantity.

1 - - 2. Location

 - 1 - a. Site elevation.

 - 1 - b. Antenna height.

 3. Operations

 - 2 1 a. Status.

 - 1 - b. Mobile?

 - 2 2 c. Alert/status.

 - 2 2 d. Hours/shifts.

 - 2 2 e. MX down times.

 - 2 1 f. Actual freqs of radars.

 - 1 - 4. Tactics/doctrine.

 5. Capabilities

 - 2 1 a. Non-standard capabilities.

 - 2 1 b. ECCM.

 - 1 - c. Night.

 - 2 1 d. EMCON.

 - 2 1 e. Operator proficiency.
L-5

FA TIP ISO

 - 2 1 6. Weapons status (free, hold)/reaction time.

 - 2 1 7. Limitations.

 1 - - 8. Number of systems per army unit.

 G. Anti-aircraft (AAA) information

1 - - 1. Type (both gun & radar).

1 - - 2. Locations

 - 1 - a. Site elevation.

 - 1 - b. Antenna height.

 3. Operation

 - 2 1 a. Actual freqs.

 - 2 1 b. Status.

 - 2 2 c. Alert/status.

 - 2 2 d. Hours/shifts.

 - 2 2 e. MX down times.

 - 1 - 4. Fire control system.

 - 1 - 5. Tactics and doctrine.

 6. Capabilities

 - 2 2 a. Non-standard.

 - 2 1 b. ECCM.

 - 2 1 c. Night.

 - 2 1 d. EMCON.

 - 2 2 e. Operator proficiency.

 - 1 - 7. Weapons free/reaction time.

 - 2 1 8. Limitations.
L-6

FA TIP ISO

1 - - 9. Numbers of systems per battalion/

 brigade/division.

SECTION II--Ground order of battle

FA TIP ISO

1 - - 1. Units, to include C3 link.

1 - - 2. Location.

1 - - 3. Patrol area.

1 - - 4. Composition.

2 1 - 5. Associated air defense equipment

 w/location.

 - 2 1 6. Readiness posture.

 7. Capabilities

 - 2 2 a. Special.

 - 2 2 b. Chemical warfare.

2 1 - 8. Assessment of future movement/location.

SECTION III--Naval order of battle

FA TIP ISO

1 - - 1. Type.

1 - - 2. Location.

1 - - 3. Patrol areas.

1 - - 4. EW radar types/capabilities/limitations/

 freqs.

 - 1 - 5. SAM types/capabilities/limitations/freqs.

 - 1 - 6. AAA types/capabilities/limitations/freqs.

 - 2 2 7. Crew proficiency.
L-7

SECTION IV--Paramilitary/internal security forces

FA TIP ISO

 - 1 - 1. Type and size.

 - 1 - 2. Location.

 - 1 - 3. Patrol areas.

 - 2 1 4. Organization/command structure.

 - 1 - 5. Air defense capabilities/locations and

 links.

 - 2 2 6. Readiness/proficiency.

 - 2 2 7. Operating schedule.

 - 2 1 8. Uniforms/markings.

 9. Capabilities

 - 2 1 a. Special.

 - 2 1 b. Chemical.

SECTION V--Planning materials

FA TIP ISO

 1. Charts

1 - - a. TPCs.

2 1 - b. JOGs.

 - 1 - c. AMS, and larger scale maps.

 - 2 1 d. Specials.

 2. Imagery

2 1 - a. Objective area.

 - 2 1 b. Critical enroute points (no more than

 10 ).

 - 2 1 c. Critical air defense points.
L-8

FA TIP ISO

 - 2 2 d. Survival, escape and evasion.

 3. APPs data

 - 1 - a. Objective area.

 - 2 1 b. Radar update points.

 - 2 1 c. Critical turn points.

 4. JEWC overlays

2 1 - a. TPC (detection).

 b. JOG

2 2 - (1) Detection.

2 1 - (2) Kill.

 5. Surveys

2 1 - a. DZs, LZs, HLZs, RZs.

SECTION VI--Physical characteristics

FA TIP ISO

 1. Weather data

1 - - a. Climatology.

1 - - b. Solar data.

1 - - c. Lunar data (Army NVG lunar data).

 - 2 1 d. Tactical decision aid (TDA).

 - 2 1 e. IREP data, best and worst cases.

 - - 1 f. Unusual weather phenomenon.

 - 2 2 2. Prominent terrain features.

 - 1 - 3. Location of population, industrial

 concentrations.
L-9

FA TIP ISO

 - 2 - 4. Location of strategic/choke points.

1 - - 5. Location of usable airfields (3000-4000

 feet)

 - 1 - a. Water.

 b. POL.

 - 1 - 6. Location of prominent lines of

 communications (roads, rail, water,

 airways, telecommunications).

 - 1 - 7. Power lines (for EWO).

SECTION VII--survival, evasion and escape information

FA TIP ISO

 - 2 1 1. Suitable areas for evasion [SAFE] (wells,

 food, pickup locations, hazards).

 - 2 1 2. Population distribution and probable

 reaction of US personnel.

 - 2 1 3. Location of dissident groups.

 - 1 - 4. Travel restrictions, locals and foreign

 nationals.

 - 1 - 5. Ways to blend with the local population.

 - 2 - 6. Phone codes to use to contact friendly

 forces.

 - 1 - 7. Evasion charts.

 - 2 1 8. Evasion kits.

 - 2 1 9. Contents of suggested personal survival

 kit.

 - 2 - 10. Food, water, and shelter.

 - 2 - 11. Medical (diseases, plants/animals of

 medical importance).
L-10

SECTION VIII--Intelligence gaps (Information still on request)

SECTION IX--Friendly forces

FA TIP ISO

 1. Strike package

 - 2 1 a. Ingress routes (times, altitudes).

 - 2 1 b. Egress routes (times, altitudes).

 - 2 1 c. Location of control points.

 - 2 1 d. Climb and descent.

 - 2 1 2. Defense suppression support available/

 requested (jamming, destruction, monitor).

 - 2 1 3. CAP location and capability.

 - 2 1 4. SIGINT/ELINT support available/requested.

 - 2 1 5. Tanker support available/requested.

 - 2 1 6. Location of ground forces and air defense

 assets.

 - 2 1 7. CSAR support available, contact procedures.
M-1

 APPENDIX M

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M-2

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GL-1

 GLOSSARY

 PART I--ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AAA antiaircraft artillery

AFSOC Air Force special operations component

AFSOF Air Force special operations forces

AOR area of responsibility

ARSOC Army special operations component

ARSOF Army special operations forces

BE Number basic encyclopedia number

BLS beach landing site

C3 command, control and communications

C3CM command, control, and communications countermeasures

C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence

CA civil affairs

CAP crisis action planning

CARVER criticality, accessibility, recuperability,

 vulnerability, effect, recognizability

CD counterdrug

CEOI communications electronics operating instructions

CIA Central Intelligence Agency

CINC commander in chief

CJTF commander joint task force

COA course of action

COCOM Combatant Command (command authority)

COMSEC communications security

CRRC combat rubber raiding craft

CT counterterrorism

DA direct action

DIA Defense Intelligence Agency

DIRLAUTH direct liaison authorized

DMA Defense Mapping Agency

DZ drop zone

EALT earliest anticipated launch time

ECM electronic countermeasures

EEI essential elements of information

EXORD execute order

EW electronic warfare

EW/GCI early warning/ground-controlled intercept
GL-2

FA feasibility assessment

FARP forward arming and refueling point

FID foreign internal defense

GEOREF geographic reference

GW guerrilla warfare

HC host country

HF high frequency

HLZ helicopter landing zone

HUMINT human intelligence

IA initial assessment

ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile

IMINT imagery intelligence

IPA intelligence production agency

ISO isolation

JAG judge advocate general

JFC joint force commander

JFSOCC joint force special operations component commander

JMEM-SO Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual--Special

 Operations

JOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution System

JOPS Joint Operation Planning System

JSCP Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan

JSOA joint special operations area

JSOTF joint special operations task force

JTCB joint targeting coordination board

JTCG-ME Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions

 Effectiveness

JTF joint task force

JTTP joint tactics, techniques, and procedures

LOC lines of communications

LZ landing zone

MC&G mapping, charting, and geodesy

MICON mission concept

MITASK mission tasking

MPA mission planning agent

MSC mission support confirmation

MSP mission support plan

MSR mission support request

MTL mission tasking letter

MTP mission tasking package
GL-3

NAVSOC naval special warfare operations component

NAVSOF Naval special warfare forces

NAVSPECWARCOM Naval Special Warfare Command

NBC nuclear, biological, chemical

NCA National Command Authorities

nm nautical miles

NSA National Security Agency

OA objective area

OPSEC operations security

POE plan of execution

POL petroleum, oils, and lubricants

PSYOP psychological operations

RFI request for information

ROE rules of engagement

RZ recovery zone

SAFE selected areas for evasion

SAID SAFE area intelligence description

SAM surface-to-air missile

SAR search and rescue

SCI sensitive, compartmented information

SDV SEAL Delivery Vehicle

SERER survival, evasion, resistance, escape, recovery

SIGINT signals intelligence

SLP seaward launch point

SO special operations

SOA special operations aviation

SOC special operations command

SOE Special Operations Executive

SOF special operations forces

SOMPF special operations mission planning folder

SOW special operations wing (USAF)

SR special reconnaissance

SRP seaward recovery point

TIP target intelligence package

TO&E table of organization and equipment

USSOCOM US Special Operations Command

USA United States Army

USAF United States Air Force

USASOC United States Army Special Operations Command

USMC United States Marine Corps

USN United States Navy

USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command

UTM universal transverse mercator

UW unconventional warfare
GL-4

 PART II--TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Air Force special operations component. The Air Force component of a

joint force special operations component. Also called AFSOC. (Approved

for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

Air Force Special operations forces. Those active and reserve component

Air Force forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are

specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support

special operations. Also called AFSOF. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Army special operations component. The Army special operations

component of a unified or subordinate unified command or joint special

operations task force. Also called ARSOC. (Joint Pub 1-02)

Army special operations forces. Those active and reserve component Army

forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically

organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special

operations. Also called ARSOF. (Approved for inclusion in the next

edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

beach landing site. A geographic location selected for across-the-beach

infiltration, exfiltration, resupply operations. Also called BLS.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

CARVER. A special operations forces acronym used throughout the

targeting and mission planning cycle to assess mission validity and

requirements. The acronym stands for criticality, accessibility,

recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and recognizability. (Approved

for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

Combatant Command (command authority). Nontransferable command

authority established by title 10, United States Code, section 164,

exercised only by commanders of unified or specified combatant commands.

Combatant Command (command authority) is the authority of a combatant

commander to perform those functions of command over assigned forces

involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks,

designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all

aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary

to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Combatant Command

(command authority) should be exercised through the commanders of

subordinate organizations; normally this authority is exercised through

the Service component
GL-5

commander. Combatant Command (command authority) provides full

authority to organize and employ commands and forces as the CINC

considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions. Also called COCOM.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

combatant commander. A commander in chief of one of the unified or

specified combatant commands established by the President. (Joint Pub

1-02)

counterdrug. Those active measures taken to detect, monitor, and

counter the production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. Also

called CD. (Joint Pub 1-02)

counterterrorism. Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and

respond to terrorism. Also called CT. (Joint Pub 1-02)

direct action. Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive

actions by special operations forces to seize, destroy, capture,

recover, or inflict damage on designated personnel or materiel. In the

conduct of these operations, special operations forces may employ raid,

ambush, or direct assault tactics; emplace mines and other munitions;

conduct standoff attacks by fire from air, ground, or maritime

platforms; provide terminal guidance for precision-guided munitions; and

conduct independent sabotage. Also called DA. (Approved for inclusion

in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02) (This term and definition will

replace the term and definition of "direct action mission" in Joint Pub

1-02.)

drop zone. A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or

supplies are airdropped. (Joint Pub 1-02)

earliest anticipated launch time. The earliest time expected for a

special operations tactical element and its supporting platform to

depart the staging or marshalling area together en route to the

operations area. Also called EALT. (Approved for inclusion in the next

edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

essential elements of information. The critical items of information

regarding the enemy and the environment needed by the commander by a

particular time to relate with other available information and

intelligence in order to assist in reaching a logical decision. (Joint

Pub 1-02)

evasion and escape. The procedures and operations whereby military

personnel and other selected individuals are enabled to emerge from an

enemy-held or hostile area to areas under friendly control. (Joint Pub

1-02)
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feasibility assessment. A basic target analysis that provides an

initial determination of the viability of a proposed target for special

operations forces employment. Also called FA. (Approved for inclusion

in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

foreign internal defense. Participation by civilian and military

agencies of a government in any of the action programs taken by another

government to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness,

and insurgency. (Joint Pub 1-02)

guerrilla warfare. Military and paramilitary operations conducted in

enemy-held or hostile territory by irregular, predominantly indigenous

forces. (Joint Pub 1-02).

helicopter landing zone. A specified ground area for landing assault

helicopters to embark or disembark troops and/or cargo. A landing zone

may contain one or more landing sites. (Joint Pub 1-02)

initial assessment. An assessment that provides a basic determination

of the viability of the infiltration and exfiltration portion of a

proposed special operations forces mission. Also called IA. (Approved

for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

intelligence production agency.* In special operations usage, the

agency of the Intelligence Community that produces target intelligence

data in support of special operations mission planning. Also called

IPA.

joint force commander. A general term applied to a commander authorized

to exercise Combatant Command (command authority) or operational control

over a joint force. Also called JFC. (Joint Pub 1-02)

joint force special operations component commander. The commander

within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task

force responsible to the establishing commander for making

recommendations on the proper employment of special operations forces

and assets, planning and coordinating special operations, or

accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. The joint

force special operations component commander is given the authority

necessary to accomplish missions and tasks assigned by the establishing

commander. The joint force special operations component commander will

normally be the commander with the preponderance of special operations

forces and the requisite command and control capabilities. Also called

JFSOCC. (Joint Pub 1-02)
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Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual--Special Operations. A publication

providing a single, comprehensive source of information covering weapon

effectiveness, selection, and requirements for special operations

munitions. In addition, the closely related fields of weapon

characteristics and effects, target characteristics, and target

vulnerability are treated in limited detail required by the mission

planner. Although emphasis is placed on weapons that are currently in

the inventory, information is also included for some weapons not

immediately available but projected for the near future. Also called

JMEM-SO. (Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

joint special operations task force. A joint task force composed of

special operations units from more than one Service, formed to carry out

a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in support

of a theater campaign or other operations. The joint special operations

task force may have conventional nonspecial operations units assigned or

attached to support the conduct of specific missions. Also called

JSOTF. (Joint Pub 1-02)

joint tactics, techniques, and procedures. The actions and methods

which implement joint doctrine and describe how forces will be employed

in joint operations. They will be promulgated by the Chairman of the

Joint Chiefs of Staff in consultation with other members of the Joint

Chiefs of Staff. Also called JTTP. (Joint Pub 1-02)

joint targeting coordination board. A group formed by the joint force

commander to accomplish broad targeting oversight functions that may

include but are not limited to coordinating targeting information,

providing targeting guidance and priorities, and preparing and/or

refining joint target lists. The board is normally comprised of

representatives from the joint force staff, all components, and if

required, component subordinate units. Also called JTCB. (Approved for

inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

joint task force. A force composed of assigned or attached elements of

the Army, the Navy or the Marine Corps, and the Air Force, or two or

more of these Services, which is constituted and so designated by the

Secretary of Defense or by the commander of a unified command, a

specified command, or an existing joint task force. (Joint Pub 1-02)
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Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness. A Joint

Staff level organization tasked to produce generic target vulnerability

and weaponeering studies. The Special Operations working group (JTCG-SO)

is a subordinate organization specializing in studies for special

operations. Also called JTCG-ME. (Approved for inclusion in the next

edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

landing zone. Any specified zone used for the landing of aircraft.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

mission planning agent.* The subordinate special operations force

commander designated by the joint force special operations component

commander to validate, plan, and execute a particular special operations

mission. Also called MPA.

mission tasking.* A directive that assigns a mission to a subordinate

commander, provides essential planning guidance, and directs the

initiation of mission planning. A mission tasking may be issued as a

warning order, planning order, alert order, or execute order. Also

called MITASK.

mission tasking letter.* The means by which the joint force

commander tasks the theater special operations command to validate and

mission-plan assigned targets. Also called MTL.

mission tasking package.* The documentation and guidance provided by

the theater special operations command to the mission planning agent to

provide basic guidance for target planning. It contains the tasking and

administrative framework within which a given special operations forces

target is planned. Also called MTP.

naval special warfare forces. Those active and reserve component Navy

forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically

organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special

operations. Also called NSW forces or NAVSOF. (Approved for inclusion

in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

naval special warfare group. A permanent Navy organization to which

most naval special warfare forces are assigned for some operational and

all administrative purposes. The
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group consists of a group headquarters with command and control,

communications, and support staff, sea-air-land teams, special boat

squadrons and subordinate special boat units, and sea-air-land delivery

vehicle teams. The group is the source of all deployed naval special

warfare forces and administratively supports the naval special warfare

units assigned to the theater combatant commanders. The group staff

provides general operational direction and coordinates the activities of

its subordinate units. A naval special warfare group is capable of

task-organizing to meet a wide variety of requirements. Also called

NSWG. (Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

naval special warfare special operations component. The Navy special

operations component of a unified or subordinate unified command or

joint special operations task force. Also called NAVSOC. (Joint Pub 1-02)

objective area. A defined geographical area within which is located an

objective to be captured or reached by military forces. This area is

defined by competent authority for purposes of command and control.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

operation plan. A plan for a single or series of connected operations

to be carried out simultaneously or in succession. It is usually based

on stated assumptions and is the form of directive employed by higher

authority to permit subordinate commanders to prepare supporting plans

and orders. The designation "plan" is usually used instead of "order"

in preparing for operations well in advance. An operation plan may be

put into effect at a prescribed time, or on signal, and then becomes the

operation order. (Joint Pub 1-02)

plan of execution.* A detailed plan of precisely how the assigned

special operations forces will carry out the validated mission assigned

to them. This plan, in conjunction with mission rehearsals, is the end

result of the targeting and mission planning process. The term also

describes the supporting infiltration and exfiltration plan developed by

the supporting organization. Also called POE.

psychological operations. Planned operations to convey selected

information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their

emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of

foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. The

purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign

attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator's objectives. Also

called PSYOP. (Joint Pub 1-02)
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recovery zone. A designated geographic area from which special

operations forces can be extracted by air, boat, or other means. Also

called RZ. (Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

seaward launch point. A designated point off the coast from which

special operations forces will launch to proceed to the beach to conduct

operations. Also called SLP. (Approved for inclusion in the next

edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

seaward recovery point. A designated point off the coast to which

special operations forces will proceed for recovery by submarine,

surface ship, or other means of recovery. Also called SRP. (Approved

for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

special operations. Operations conducted by specially organized,

trained, and equipped military and paramilitary forces to achieve

military, political, economic, or psychological objectives by

unconventional military means in hostile, denied, or politically

sensitive areas. These operations are conducted during peacetime

competition, conflict, and war, independently or in coordination with

operations of conventional, nonspecial-operations forces. Politicalmilitary considerations frequently shape special operations, requiring

clandestine, covert, or low visibility techniques and oversight at the

national level. Special operations differ from conventional operations

in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, mode

of employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence on

detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets. Also called

SO. (Joint Pub 1-02)

special operations command. A functional command established by a

theater combatant commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support

joint special operations. Most special operations commands are

subordinate unified commands of the theater combatant commands. Also

called SOC. (Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

special operations forces. Military units that are designated by the

Secretary of Defense and organized, trained, and equipped specifically

to conduct special operations. Also called SOF. (Approved for

inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)
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special operations mission planning folder. The package that contains

the materials required to execute a given special operations mission.

It will include the mission tasking letter, mission tasking package,

original feasibility assessment (as desired), initial assessment (as

desired), target intelligence package, plan of execution, infiltration

and exfiltration plan of execution, and other documentation as required

or desired. Also called SOMPF. (Approved for inclusion in the next

edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

special operations wing. An Air Force special operations wing. Also

called SOW. (Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

special reconnaissance. Reconnaissance and surveillance actions

conducted by special operations forces to obtain or verify, by visual

observation or other collection methods, information concerning the

capabilities, intentions, and activities of an actual or potential enemy

or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or

geographic characteristics of a particular area. It includes target

acquisition, area assessment, and post-strike reconnaissance. (Approved

for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

supporting agency.* In special operations, a military unit or

nonmilitary organization tasked to provide operational support for a

particular special operations mission as requested by the mission

planning agent. There may be more than one supporting agency for a

single special operations mission. Also called SA.

target. 1. A geographical area, complex, or installation planned for

capture or destruction by military forces. 2. In intelligence usage, a

country, area, installation, agency, or person against which

intelligence operations are directed. (Joint Pub 1-02)

target analysis. An examination of potential targets to determine

military importance, priority of attack, and weapons required to obtain

a desired level of damage or casualties. (Joint Pub 1-02)

target complex. A geographically integrated series of target

concentrations. (Joint Pub 1-02)

target component. A major element of a target complex or target. It is

any machinery, structure, personnel, or other productive asset that

contributes to the operation or output of the target complex or target.

(Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)
GL-12

target concentration. A grouping of geographically proximate targets.

(Joint Pub 1-02)

target critical damage point. The part of a target component that is

most vital. Also called critical node. (Approved for inclusion in the

next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

targeting. The process of selecting targets and matching the

appropriate response to them taking account of operational requirements

and capabilities. (Joint Pub 1-02)

target intelligence package.* A product tasked and compiled to provide

the intelligence support to those personnel who will plan and execute a

given special operations forces mission. Also called TIP.

target list. The listing of targets maintained and promulgated by the

senior echelon of command; it contains those targets that are to be

engaged by supporting arms, as distinguished from a "list of targets"

that may be maintained by any echelon as confirmed, suspected, or

possible targets for informational and planning purposes. (Joint Pub 1-02)

target stress point. The weakest point (most vulnerable to damage) on

the critical damage point. Also called vulnerable node. (Approved for

inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

target system. 1. All the targets situated in a particular geographic

area and functionally related. 2. A group of targets which are so

related that their destruction will produce some particular effect

desired by the attacker. (Joint Pub 1-02)

target system component. A set of targets belonging to one or more

groups of industries and basic utilities required to produce component

parts of an end-product such as periscopes, or one type of a series of

interrelated commodities, such as aviation gasoline. (Joint Pub 1-02)

time-sensitive special operations planning. The planning for the

deployment and employment of assigned, attached, and allocated forces

and resources that occurs in response to an actual situation. Timesensitive planners base their plan on the actual circumstances that

exist at the time planning occurs. Also see deliberate planning.

(Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)
GL-13

unconventional warfare. A broad spectrum of military and paramilitary

operations, normally of long duration, predominantly conducted by

indigenous or surrogate forces who are organized, trained, equipped,

supported, and directed in varying degrees by an external source. It

includes guerrilla warfare and other direct offensive, low visibility,

covert, or clandestine operations, as well as the indirect activities of

subversion, sabotage, intelligence activities, and evasion and escape.

Also called UW. (Approved for inclusion in the next edition of Joint

Pub 1-02)

weaponeering. Analysis of weapons effectiveness against specific

targets with specific weapons delivery parameters to provide probability

of damage. The analysis highlights appropriate weapons for employment

and the scale of effort (numbers of weapons required) to obtain the

desired level of damage. Weaponeering connotes lethal or damage

assessment of a target. Nonlethal alternatives are also considered

during the weaponeering phase of the target cycle. (Approved for

inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)

_________________

 * This term and definition are applicable only in the context of

 this publication and cannot be referenced outside of this

 publication.
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