### Technical Support Document 

### PUERTO RICO Area Designations For the 2008 Lead National AmbientAir Quality Standards EPA has set the level of theprimary (health-based) standardat 0.15 microgramsper cubic meter (fJ.glm 3 ) 

### measuredas total suspended particles (TSP). EPA has set the secondary (welfarebased) standardto be identical in all respects to theprimarystandard. 

### Pursuant to section 107(d) ofthe Clean Air Act, EPA must designate as "nonattainment" those areas that violate the National AmbientAir Quality Standards (NAAQS) and those nearby areas that contribute to violations. The table below identifies the counties· orportions ofcounties in the Commonwealth ofPuerto Rico that EPA intends to designate "nonattainment" for the 2008 lead national ambient air quality standard (2008 Lead NAAQS). Table 1

Area Puerto Rico Recommended Nonattainment County EPA's Designated Nonattainment County Arecibo, Puerto Rico N/A1 

### Arecibo



### Technical Analysis for Arecibo, Puerto Rico Introduction This technical analysis for the Arecibo, Puerto Rico Area identifies a monitor in Arecibo County thatviolates the 2008 Lead NAAQS and evaluates nearby counties for contributions to lead concentrations in the area. EPA has evaluated these cOlrnties based on the weight ofevidence of the following factors recommended in previously issued EPA guidance: Air quality in potentially included versus excluded areas; Emissions and emissions-related data in areas potentially included versus excluded from the nonattainment area, including population data, growth rates and patterns and emissions controls; Meteorology (weather/transportpatterns); Geography/topography (mOlrntain ranges or other air basinboundaries); Jurisdictional boundaries (e.g., counties, air districts, reservations, etc.); and Any other relevant information submitted to or collected by EPA.

I 

### Forthese purposes EPA considers the municipios ofPuerto Rico to be equivalent to counties and for consistency and convenience will use the term "county."

2 

### Puerto Rico submitted arecommendation of"unclassifiable"for the Arecibo area and "unclassifiable/attainment" for the rest ofthe areas ofPuerto Rico on October 14,2009. Puerto Rico has not submitted any other recommendations based on 2010 air quality data.

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### Figure 1: Sources in Arecibo County, Puerto Rico 

### Legend Violating 1001\0( '> (2008-2010 design value) rt Attaining Monitor o Lead Source (2008 NEI tpy) o Lead Source (2008 TRI tpy) + AirporttHeliport (2008 NEllpy) Existing Lead Nonattainment or Maintenance Area County Boundary State Recommendation

o 2.5 5 mnes 

### Figures 1is a map ofthe area analyzed showing the location ofthe air quality violating monitor in the area, EPA's recommended "nonattainment" boundary, and the counties surrounding the violating air quality monitor. The violating monitor is located in Arecibo County in close proximity to The Battery Recycling Company, shown in Figure 1. On October 14,2009,Pedro J. Nieves Miranda, Chairman ofPuerto Rico Environmental Quality Board, recommended that San Juan be designated as attainment, the Arecibo areabe designated unclassifiable, and for the rest ofPuerto Rico be designated unclassifiable/attainment for the 2008 Lead NAAQS based on air quality datafrom 2006-2008. His recommendation was based on data from a Federal Reference Method (FRM) orFederal EquivalentMethod (FEM) monitor(s) located in the Commonwealth. EPA understands the reconunendation for unclassifiable designationfor the"Arecibo area" to refer to Arecibo County. EPA is revising Puerto Rico's recommendation based onrecent 2010 data from a Federal Reference Method or Federal Equivalent Method monitor that had been operated by the Conunonwealth showing a violation ofthe 2008 Lead NAAQS. The revisedreconunendation is for the county which surrounds The Battery Recycling Company facility to be designated nonattainment. Thus, the boundary ofthe nonattainment area is consistent with the boundary recommended by the Governor as unclassifiable. Based on EPA's technical analysis described below, EPA is intending to designate the entire Arecibo County in Puerto Rico as nonattainment for the 2008 Lead NAAQS as the Arecibo nonattainment area, based upon currently available information. This county is listed above in Table 1.

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### --- Detailed Assessment AirQualityData This factor considers the lead design values (in llg/m3) for air quality monitors in Arecibo County and the surrounding areabased on datafor the 2010 period. A monitor's design value indicates whetherthatmonitor attains a specified air quality standard. The 2008 Lead NAAQS are met at a monitoring site whenthe identified design value is valid and less than or equal to 0.15 llg/m3

. A design value is only valid ifminimum data completeness criteria are met. A lead design value that meets the NAAQS is generally considered valid ifit encompasses 36 consecutive valid 3-month site means (specifically for a 3-year calendarperiod and the two previous months). Forthis purpose, a 3-month site mean is valid ifvaliddata were obtained for at least 75 percent ofthe scheduled monitoring days in the 3-monthperiod. A lead design value that does not meettheNAAQS is considered valid ifat least one 3-month meanthat meets the same 75 percentrequirement is abovetheNAAQS. That is, a site does not have to monitor for three full calendar years in orderto have a valid violating design value; a site couldmonitorjust three months and still produce a valid (violating) design value. The 2008 Lead NAAQSdesign values for Arecibo County and surrounding area are shown in Table 2. Table 2 

### AIr 

### Q ual"t ny Daa t State Lead Design Lead Design Monitor

# I MonitorAir Monitor 

## ICounty 

## I Recommended Name Quality Location Value, Value, Nonattainrnent? 2007

- 2009

### 3 2008

- 2010

### 3 3

) System ID (llg/m

### igg~I1!_3 

### _ Arecibo Victor County, 0.245 PR N04 Arecibo 720130001 Santoni N/A Cordero Arecibo County shows a violation ofthe 2008 LeadNAAQS. Therefore some area in Arecibo County and possibly additional areas in surrounding counties mustbe designated nonattainrnent. The absence ofa violating monitor alone is not a sufficientreasonto eliminate nearby counties as candidates for nonattainrnent status. Each area has beenevaluated based onthe weight of evidence ofthe eight factors collectively combined into five like groupings and other relevant information. The violating monitor located inArecibo County is located in closeproximity to The Battery Recycling Company, RoadNo.2 

### km 72.2 Barrio Cambalache in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The monitoring objective, according to the EPA monitor locatorreport is "source-oriented". The

3 Note: Monitoring did not start at this site until January 1,2010. 4 Governor recommended an unclassifiable designationfor Arecibo priorto the measured violation. The monitor is within Arecibo County.

3emissions from The Battery Recycling Company will be discussed in the corresponding section below. 

### Emissions andEmissions-RelatedData Evidence oflead emissions sources in the vicinity ofa violating monitor are an importantfactor for determining whether a nearby areais contributingto a monitored violation. Forthis factor, EPA evaluated county level emission data for lead and any growth in lead emitting activities. Emissions Emissions datafor industrial and airport sources (there are approximately 20,000 airport facilities in the U.S. at which leaded aviation gasoline is consumed) were initially derived from the 2008 National Emissions Inventory, version 1 (J\TEI08V1). See http://www.epa.gov/ttnJchief/net/2008inventory.html#inventorvdoc. Puerto Rico has provided updated 2009 emissions inventory information for the industrial sources. These data are provided in Table 3. EPA recognizes that we have no information on any emissions increases thatmay have occurred since 2009. For example, certain large sources ofemissions in ornear this areamay haveinstalled emission controls or otherwise significantly reduced emissions since 2009. Table 3 shows total emissions oflead sources emitting greaterthan 0.1 tons per year for the violating county according to the Puerto Rico 2009 Emissions Inventory. The airport located in Arecibo County emissions is less than 0.1 tons peryearbased on 2008 NEI emissions inventory, and therefore, is not included in this table. Potentially contributing counties in and around the Arecibo areawere also evaluated. However, there are no industrial and airport sources emitting (or anticipated to contribute) greaterthan 0.1 ton peryear oflead in neighboring counties. Table 3. Lead Emissions [Puerto Rico 2009 Supplied]

County Facility Located in Puerto Rico Recommended Nonattainment Area? Facility

- Total AirEmissions [Information Source] (tons per year) Facility Location Distance from monitoring site Total County Lead Emissions (tons per year)


# IArecibo

County, PR N04 The Battery Recycling Company 1.22 tpy RoadNo.2, kIn 72.2, Barrio Cambalache, Arecibo 388 meters
1.385 tpy PREPA Cambalache Combustion Turbine Plant 0.165 tpy PR 681, kIn 0.5, Arecibo 1.5 kilometers

4PopulationData, Growth Rates, and Patterns Table 4 shows the 2008 population for the county being evaluated. These data help assess the extentto which the concentration ofhuman activities in the area and concentration ofpopulationoriented commercial development may indicate emissions-based activity contributing to elevated ambient lead levels. This may include ambient lead contributions from activities that would disturb lead that has been deposited onthe ground oron other surfaces. Re-entrainment of historically deposited lead typically is not reflected in the emissions inventory. Table 4 PopuI' atlOn Data County State Recommended Nonattainment? 2008 Population 2008 Population Density (pop/sq mi) Population Change 2000-2008 Population % Change 2000-2008 Arecibo County, Puerto Rico N04 102,643 801 2,273 2

Source ofdata: U.S. Census Bureau estimates for 2008 (http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.html) and estImatIon ofthe area ofU.S. Counties. EPA has considered the population growth rate for this area and determined it does not affect EPA's proposed nonattainmentboundary.

Emissions Controls Under this factor, the existing level ofcontrol ofemission sources is taken into consideration. The emissions data used by EPA in this technical analysis and provided in Table 3 represent emissions levels taking into account any control strategies implemented on stationary sources in the Arecibo areabefore 2008. PREPA is anelectric power companythatprovides minimum lead emissions in its operations. EPA has notreceived any additional information on emissions reductions resulting from controls put into place since 2008. The Battery Recycling Company is currently using one baghouse with anefficiency of99.5% for its lead smelting furnace and five molten lead refining kettle burners. ThePREPA Cambalache facility is currently not using any control equipmentfor lead emissions for its three gas turbines. 

### Meteorology (weather/transportpatterns) Forthis factor, EPA considered data from National Weather Service instruments and other meteorological monitoring sites in the area. Wind speed and direction were analyzed from August 1992 to August 1993 for a meteorological site located in Cambalache, PRo



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### Figure 2: Historic Wind Direction Frequency in each ofFour Seasons for Arecibo County, Puerto Rico 

### Wind Direction Frequencies Cambalache, PR

Based on data from Aug. 12, 1992 to Aug. '11.1993 

### Frequency 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%

5% 0% 

### NNE

ENE

ESE

SSE

SSW 

### Direction WSW WNW NNW Winter



### As seen in Figure 2 above, on months with the highest observed lead levels, the prevailing surface winds were predominantly from the Northeast/Southeast. 

### Geography/topography (mountain rangesorotherairbasin boundaries) The geography/topography analysis evaluates the physical features ofthe land that might have an effect on the air shed and, therefore, on the distribution oflead over the Arecibo Area. The Arecibo Area does appearto have southern geographical and topographical barriers which may limitair-pollutiontransport within its air shed. However, Puerto Rico did not recommend a boundary smallerthan the county orprovide information to support such a boundary. 

### Jurisdictionalboundaries Existingjurisdictional boundaries may be helpful in articulating a boundary for purposes of nonattainment designations, and for purposes ofcarrying out the governmental responsibilities of planning for attainment ofthe lead NAAQS and implementing control measures. These existing boundaries may include an existing nonattainment ormaintenance area boundary, a county or township boundary, a metropolitan area boundary, an air management district, or an urban planningboundary established for coordinatingbusiness development ortransportation activities. In light ofEPA's existing guidance on beginning the boundary analysis for nonattainment areas with county boundaries, and the Governor's recommendation withregard to boundaries for an unclassifiable area, this was a significant factor in determining the nonattainment boundary.

6OtherRelevantInformation EPA did not receive additional information relevant to establishing a nonattainment area boundary for this area. Conclusion After considering the factors described above, EPA has preliminarily determined that it is appropriate to include Arecibo County in the Puerto Rico nonattainment area for the 2008 Lead NAAQS. EPA based this preliminary nonattainment designation determination and boundary on the fact that Arecibo County contains an air quality monitor that shows a violation ofthe 2008 Lead NAAQS, based on 2010 air quality data. The Battery Recycling Company facility is the largest emissions source located upwind ofthe violating monitor, andEPA believes this facility caused and/or contributed to the violating monitor during the period. Based on its considerations ofall the relevant, available information, as described above, EPA believes thatthe boundaries described herein encompass the entire area that does not meet (or that contributes to ambient air quality in a nearby area that does not meet) the 2008 Lead NAAQS.

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### Definition of importantterms usedin this document: 1) Designated "nonattainment" area - an areawhich EPA has determined, based on a State recommendation and/or on the technical analysis included in this document, has violated the 2008 Lead NAAQS, based on the mostrecent three years ofquality assured air quality monitoring data from 2008-2010 including at least one valid three-month site mean above the level ofthe 2008 Lead NAAQS, orthat contributes to a violation in a nearby area. 2) Designated "unclassifiable/attainment" area - an area which EPA has determined does not contribute to a violation ofthe 2008 Lead NAAQS in a nearby area and either: (l) meets the 2008 Lead NAAQS, based on the mostrecent three years ofquality assured air quality monitoring data from 2008-2010 including 36 consecutive valid three-month site means (including the last two months of2007), or (2) has no monitors orhas incomplete air quality monitoring data for 2008-2010 but has no violations ofthe 2008 Lead NAAQS. 3) Designated "unclassifiable" area - an areawhich EPA has determined cannot be classified onthe basis ofavailable information as meeting or violating the 2008 Lead NAAQS, based on the most recent three years ofquality assured air quality monitoring data from 2008-2010, but for which available monitoring data from the same or a recent period indicate a significant likelihood that the area may be violating the 2008 LeadNAAQS. 4) Prior nonattainment area - an area that was previously designated as nonatt.ainment for the 1978 Lead Standard (including both current nonattainment areas and maintenance areas). 5) Recommended nonattainment area - an area a State orTribe has recommended to EPA be designated as nonattainment. 6) Violating monitor

- an ambient air monitor whose valid design value exceeds 0.15 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3). As described in Appendix R ofpart 50, a violation can be based on eitherPb-TSP or Pb-PM10 data and only three months ofdata are necessary to produce a valid violating design value. 7) 

### 1978 Lead NAAQS

- 1.5 IJ.g/m3

, National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead promulgated in 1978. Based on Pb-TSP indicator and averaged over a calendarquarter. 8) 2008 Lead NAAQS

- 0.15 IJ.g/m3

, National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead promulgated in 2008. Based on Pb-TSP indicator and a three-month rolling average. Pb-PM,o data may be used in limited instances, including to show nonattainment.



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