2005
policy decision, thus 

economic well-being 

For additional copies 

BTS and its products 

Product Orders

Phone 202-366-DA

Fax: 202-366-31

Internet: www.bts.go

Mail: Product Or

Bureau of T

U.S. Depart

400 Seventh 

Washington

Information Servi

Phone: 1-800-853-

Email: answers@b

January 2005

U.S. Department of

Transportation

Norman Y. Mineta

Secretary

Bureau of

Transportation

Statistics

Rick Kowalewski

Deputy Director

William J. Chang

Associate Director for

Information Systems

Mary J. Hutzler

Associate Director for

Statistical Programs

Produced under the

direction of:

Wendell Fletcher

Assistant Director for

Transportation Analysis

Project Manager

Kay Drucker

Contributors

Steven Beningo

David Chesser

Martha Courtney

Marsha Fenn

Paulette Grady

Xiaoli Han

Janice Lalangan

Getachew Mekonnen

Marissa Mercadante

Long Nguyen

Lorisa Smith

Jie Zhang

Acknowledgments
Resident population (thou

Total area (thous. sq. mi.)a 

Total civilian labor force (

Real gross domestic prod

Median household income

Average household incom

Average household expen

Number of households (t

Life expectancy at birth (y

a 1980 data include inland w

coastal water, and Grea

Bureau tabulates area d

b 2000 chained dollars (see 

c Earliest year available is 19

d BTS computations, Novem

Key: P = preliminary data; R 

Sources: Area—U.S. Depa

Bureau, Statistical Abstract 

www.census.gov, as of No

Analysis, available at www.

households, median and a

available at www.census.go

tures, labor force—U.S. D

available at www.bls.gov, a

Disease Control and Prev

America’s trans

along with the 

The following table p

p

Transportation an

Glossary 

Context 
2 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Table 1

The Transportatio

Highway Public 

46,769 

115,03

roads

3,828,0

Air Public

5,286 a

Airpor

29 larg

passe

33 med

enpla

63 sma

passe

651 no

passe

Rail Miles 

98,944 

State

15,648 

26,347 

23,000 

Mode Comp
Water 26,000 

Ferry r

Comm

Great 

Inland: 

Ocean

Locks: 

Pipeline Oil

Crude 

Produc

Gas (2

Transm

Distrib

a See Glossary for definitio

operated by U.S. Class 

c The Amtrak mileage i

route-miles operated o

operated service. Doe

directional route-miles 

way, and mixed traffic.

Sources: Various sources, as 

Statistics (BTS), Nationa

www.bts.gov; Associatio

(Washington, DC: 2004

Highway Statistics 2003 

Gas Journal, Aug. 23, 20

National Transit Summar

www.ntdprogram.com; 

Certificated Air Carrier

2002,” 2004; U.S. Army 

Resources, Navigation 

December 2003 (Alexa

Transp
Large air carriera 

Commuter air carriera 

On-demand air taxia 

General aviationa 1

Highwayb 52

Railroadc 

Transit d 

Commercial ship

Vessel 

Nonvessele 

Recreational boating 1

Gas and hazardous

liquid pipeline 

a Includes people on planes 

b Includes motor vehicle oc

crossings. c Includes fatalities from no

accidents. Also include

motor vehicle occupan

d Fatalities resulting from a

Includes commuter rai

responsive, van pool, a

e Fatalities unrelated to ves

and drowning.

Key: N = data are nonexist

P = preliminary; R = re

Sources:Various sources, as 

Statistics, National Transporta

www.bts.gov (latest data for

on data provided by the sta

territories to the Coast Gua

system.

4 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Mode 1
Heavy-rail transit (e.g., 

Waterborne transporta

Waterborne transporta

Grade crossings, not inv

Bus occupants (school, 

Private grade crossings, 

Air taxi 

Railroad-related, not ot

Railroad employees on 

Transit buses, not relate

Light-rail transit 

Gas distribution pipelin

Passengers on railroad 

Gas transmission pipeli

Hazardous liquid pipelin

Other counts, redund

Large-truck occupant

Public grade crossing

Commuter rail 

Transit buses, acciden

Outside planes in cra

Total, all modesg 

a Includes fatalities outside 

b Includes all nonoccupant 

c Public grade-crossing fata

motor vehicle counts. d Fatalities not included un

e Fatalities at grade crossin

vant motor vehicle mo

rail. Transit bus and de

counted under “bus” a

“pedestrians,” “pedalcy

f Includes nonoccupant fata

g Unless otherwise specifie

Sources: Various sources, as 

Bureau of Transportation St

available at http://www.bts.go
6 Pocket Guide to Transporta

crashes 

Pedestrians 

Single-vehicle crashes 

Multiple-vehicle crashes 

Pedalcyclists 

Single-vehicle crashes 

Multiple-vehicle crashes 

Others/unknown 

Total 

a Fatalities in all crashes.

b Fatalities in crashes that i

c Percentage of all crash fat

Notes: Numbers may not a

A motor vehicle crash is co

driver or nonoccupant 

in the crash is determi

of 0.01 grams per deci

The National Highway Traff

involvement when test 

Source: U.S. Department of 

Administration, Fatality Analy

communication, October 20
Note: Some data have be

Source: U.S. Department 

Administration, National 

2003, Early Edition, availab

NCSA/TSFAnn/TSF2003

0

10,000

20,000

,

1990 1993 

Fatalities in a
8 Pocket Guide to Transporta

1980 1985 1990 1995 

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

0.5

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Per 100 million vehicle-miles

Large-truck occupan

Notes: Data revised from prev

light truck: 1998–1999, 200

nential smoothing model, w

fluctuations. Air carrier fat

attacks include only those 

Sources: USDOT, National Hig

Facts 2002, tables 7–10, availa

nrd-30/NCSA/TSFAnn/TSF200

general aviation—USDOT, Bu

Transportation Statistics, tables 

Per 100,000 aircraft departures

0

3

6

9

1980 1985 1990 1995

Smoothed

Actual

Air carriers (actual and

smoothed fatality rates
General aviation 7

Highwaya 

Railroadb 17,39

Transit c 

Commercial ship 

Vessel accidents 10

Nonvessel 

accidentsd 

Recreational 

boating 78

Gas and hazardous

liquid pipeline 2

a Includes passenger car oc

occupants, bus occupan

unknown vehicle types

b Injuries resulting from tra

occupational illness. Inc

data for later years due 

c Injuries resulting from all 

Includes commuter rai

sive, van pool, and auto

d Injuries unrelated to vess

onboard a vessel.

Key: N = data are nonexist

Note: Each mode may use 

Sources: Except as noted, va

Transportation (USDOT), B

Transportation Statistics, table 

forthcoming). Highway—US

Administration, Traffic Safety 

at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot

TSF2003EarlyEdition.pdf, as 

U.S. Coast Guard, Boating St

www.uscgboating.org/statist
10 Pocket Guide to Transpo

y p

and more than 55 

United States is cu

Figure 3

International P

Armed Robber

Notes: Incidents includ

data are revised fr

Source: International M

able at http://www.imo

0

100

200

300

400

500

1997 1998 19

Number of incidents
flammable materials

Clubs 

Box cutters 

Firearms 

Other 

Total prohibited item

Notes: Other cutting instrumen

and ice axes/picks.

Knives include any length and ty

cutlery.

Clubs refers to, e.g., baseball bat

Firearms and guns refers to any 

designed to or may be read

action of an explosive.

Other refers to tools, self-defen

baseball bats).

For further clarification about te

assetlibrary/Permitted_Proh

Source: U.S. Department of Hom

Administration, personal commu
12 Pocket Guide to Transpo

0

5

10

15

20

1975 198

Total cons

Notes: 2002 data are revise

preliminary.

Source: U.S. Department of 

Energy Review 2003 (Washi
0

3

6

9

12

1975 

1

Utilities

Notes: 2002 data are rev

preliminary.

Source: U.S. Department 

Annual Energy Review 200

5.13a–d.
14 Pocket Guide to Transpo

Notes: OPEC (Organiz

members are Alge

Qatar, Saudi Arabia

Former members 

are included in 19

Source: U.S. Departme

Monthly Energy Review, 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/

0

1,500

3,000

4,500

1980 1985 
Mexico 533 

Venezuela 481 

Nigeria 857 

Iraq 28 

United Kingdom 176 

Algeria 488 

Angola 42 

U.S.Virgin Islands 388 

Norway 144 

Kuwait 27 

Colombia 4 

Total,

major suppliers 4,884 3

Total, all 

U.S. imports 6,909 

Note:The country of origin fo

try of origin for the crude 

example, refined products 

may have been produced f

Source: U.S. Department of En

Monthly Energy Review, August 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/m
16

Passenger travel (2

Trips

Daily trips per pers

Daily trips per pers

Miles

Daily miles per per

Daily miles per per

Domestic freight t

Tons per person, ann

Ton-miles per person

a Calculated on an annualiz

Key: P = preliminary.

Notes: Data used for passe

Travel Survey (NHTS) 

about 95 percent of th

Calculations are based 

Sources: Passenger—U.S. D

Highway Administration and 

Household Travel Survey, av

national_household_travel_

Freight—USDOT, Bureau o

of Commerce, U.S. Census 

States—Preliminary, available 

Pocket Guide to Transporta

Table 8

Passenger Travel a

Per Capita
Combination 1,4

Busesb 5

Passenger rail:

Amtrak—Cars 

Locomotives 

Commuter railcars

and locomotives 

Transitc 

Class I rail:

Freight cars 1,1

Locomotives 

Other freight cars 5

Nonself-propelled

vessels (barges)d,e 

Self-propelled vesselsd,e 

Oceangoing shipse

(1,000 gross tons 

and over) 

Recreational boatsf 8,5

a Includes vans, pickup truc

vehicles that are not p

b Includes municipally owne

c Includes light and heavy r

d See Glossary for definitio

e U.S.-flag vessels.

f Numbered boats.

Key: P = preliminary.

Sources:Various sources, as 

Bureau of Transportation S

available at http://www.bts.g
18 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Motorcycles 2,97

Other 2-axle,

4-tire vehiclesb 123,28

Trucks:

Single-unit 27,08

Combination 35,13

Busesc 4,54

Raild:

Transite 44

Commuter 

Class 1 freight 29,89

Intercity/Amtrakf 69

Other transitg 

a

The Federal Aviation Admi

aviation aircraft throug

data.Vehicle-miles estim

b Includes vans, pickup truc

vehicles that are not p

c Includes municipally owne

d Car-miles.

e Includes light and heavy ra

f Fiscal year data. Amtrak b

g Includes demand responsi

1980 data include “oth

Key: N = data are nonexist

Sources: Various sources, as 

Bureau of Transportation St

1-32, available at http://www
Other 2-axle,

4-tire vehiclesa 225,613 

Busesb N 

Rail:

Transitc N 

Commuter 4,592 

Intercity/

Amtrakd 6,179 

Other transit e N 

a Includes vans, pickup truc

vehicles that are not p

b Includes municipally owne

c Includes light and heavy r

d Fiscal year data. Amtrak b

e Includes demand respons

1980 data include ferry

Key: N = data are nonexist

Sources: Except as noted, v

Transportation (USDOT), B

Transportation Statistics, tab

forthcoming).

2002 air carriers—USDOT

Annual December issues), p
20 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Key: R = revised.

Notes: Data were collected 

may not add to 100 du

muter bus and train, su

Other includes air, inte

ousine, shuttle, or bicy

medical visits, picking p

Social/recreational incl

movies or other enter

sports activities.Work 

son's place of work.W

other than to or from 

occupational trips as d

Sources: U.S. Department o

Administration and Bureau 

Household Travel Survey (W

Household Travel Survey 200

2003), tables A-10, A-11, an

Walking 

School bus 

Transit 

Other 

Trip purpose

Family/personal busines

Social/recreational 

Work (commute) 

School/place of worship 

Work-related 

Other 

Average driving tim

Female drivers 

Male drivers 

All drivers 
Bus 

Train 

Other 

Trip purpose

Pleasure 

Business 

Work (commute) 

Personal business 

Other 

Mode 

Personal vehicle 

Air 

Bus 

Train 

Other 

All modes 

Notes: Data were collected 

may not add to 100 du

Trip purpose—Pleasure inc

and relaxation, visiting 

Business includes confe

business purpose than 

tional trips as driving a 

work, but does not inc

Personal business inclu

attend weddings, funer

Mode—Other includes shi

Sources: U.S. Department o

Administration and Bureau 

Household Travel Survey (Wa

Household Travel Survey 200

2003), tables 4, A-18a, and A
22 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Northeast

(65 million trips)

Midwest

(59 million trips)

South

(111 million trips)

West Mid

Key: 

Notes: Data were collected 

revised from previous e

roughly 89 percent of a

are included in this figu

Source: U.S. Department of 

Statistics and Federal Highw

Survey, preliminary long-dista
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

13

9

8 8

0 vehicles 1 

Sources: 1983–1995—U

Federal Highway Admin

Transportation Survey, Ou

2001—USDOT, Bureau 

Household Travel Survey 
24 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Pedestrians 

Personal vehicles—top 

San Ysidro, CA 

El Paso,TX 

Brownsville,TX 

Hidalgo,TX 

Laredo,TX 

Personal vehicle passen

San Ysidro, CA 

El Paso,TX 

Brownsville,TX 

Hidalgo,TX 

Laredo,TX 

Buses—top 5 gateways

San Ysidro, CA 

Otay Mesa, CA 

Laredo,TX 

Hidalgo,TX 

El Paso,TX 

Bus passengers—top 5 

San Ysidro, CA 

Laredo,TX 

Hidalgo,TX 

El Paso,TX 

Otay Mesa, CA 

Train passengers—top 

Eagle Pass,TX 

El Paso,TX 

Nogales,AZ 

Calexico East, CA 

Otay Mesa, CA 

Pedestrians—top 5 gate

El Paso,TX 

San Ysidro, CA 

Calexico, CA 

Nogales,AZ 

Laredo,TX 

Source: U.S. Department o

Statistics, special tabulation, 

Homeland Security, U.S. Cu

Operations, Operations Ma
Pedestrians 

Personal vehicles—top 

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 

Detroit, MI 

Blaine,WA 

Port Huron, MI 

Massena, NY 

Personal vehicle passen

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 

Detroit, MI 

Blaine,WA 

Port Huron, MI 

Champlain-Rouses Point, N

Buses—top 5 gateways

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 

Detroit, MI 

Sault Ste. Marie, MI 

Blaine,WA 

Champlain-Rouses Point, N

Bus passengers—top 5 

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 

Detroit, MI 

Blaine,WA 

Champlain-Rouses Point, N

Sault Ste. Marie, MI 

Train passengers—top 5 

Skagway,AK 

Blaine,WA 

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 

Champlain-Rouses Point, N

Port Huron, MI 

Pedestrians—top 5 gate

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 

Sumas,WA 

Calais, ME 

Portland, ME (ferry crossin

International Falls, MN 

Source: U.S. Department of 

Statistics, special tabulation, 

Homeland Security, U.S. Cu

Operations, Operations Ma
26 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Dallas/Ft.Worth,TX 

Los Angeles, CA 

Denver, CO 

Phoenix 

(Sky Harbor),AZ 

Las Vegas 

(McCarran), NV 1

Houston 

(Intercontinental),TX 1

Minneapolis, MN 1

Detroit 

(Wayne County), MI 

Newark, NJ 

Seattle,WA 1

San Francisco, CA 

Orlando, FL 1

Miami, FL 1

New York 

(John F. Kennedy), NY 2

Cincinnati, OH 2

Philadelphia, PA 2

New York 

(La Guardia), NY 1

Charlotte (Douglas), NC 2

Top 20 airports 

All airports 

Note: Numbers may not ad

Source: U.S. Department o

Office of Airline Informatio

2004.
J 

Chicago O'Hare Int., IL 

Philadelphia Int., PA 

New York

La Guardia, NY 

Miami Int., FL 

Fort LauderdaleHollywood Int., FL 

New York JFK Int., NY 

Atlanta

Hartsfield Int., GA 

San Francisco Int., CA 

Boston Logan Int., MA 

Seattle-Tacoma Int.,WA 

Washington Reagan 

National, DC 

Orlando Int., FL 

San Diego Int., CA 

Charlotte Douglas, NC 

Tampa Int., FL 

Las Vegas

McCarran Int., NV 

Pittsburgh Int., PA 

Baltimore/Washington

Int., MD 

Cincinnati Int., KY 

Notes: Delay rank is based 

the top 20 are shown 

cally enplaned passeng

major carriers.

Source: U.S. Department of 

Statistics, Office of Airline In
28 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Large areas 28 

Medium areas 14 

Small areas 9 

85-area average 38 

199

cost 

perso

Very large areas 33

Large areas 17

Medium areas 9

Small areas 5

85-area average 24

Key:

Very large = over 3 million p

Large = 1 million–3 million p

Medium = selected areas wit

Small = selected areas under 

Notes: The Texas Transporta

using traffic volumes and 

Highway Administration 

TTI estimates cost by taking 

mercial vehicle operating 

Source:Texas Transportation 

Statistics for the 85 Urban A

edu/ums/congestion_data/, as 

Annual Roadway Co

(Current dollars)
Long distance 

(>=400 miles) 

Hours of delay 

by cause

Amtrakb 

Host railroadc 

Otherd 

Totale 

a Includes all Amtrak North

state) trains. b Include

tracks and delays for e

holding for connection

when on tracks of a ho

attributable to Amtrak 

(e.g., track- and signal-

muter train interferenc

attributable to Amtrak 

tion, law enforcement 

ture time). e Number

Key: R = revised.

Notes: All percentages are 

Host railroad is a freig

Amtrak trains operate 

Amtrak trips are considere

Trip length A

(miles) de

0–250 

251–350 

351–450 

451–550 

> 551 

Source: Amtrak, personal co
30 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Rail 

Water 

Air (includes 

truck and air) 

Pipelinea 

Intermodal totalb 

Parcel, postal, and 

courier services 

Truck and rail 

Other intermodal

combinations 

Unknown 

a Estimates of pipeline excl

b Includes a combination o

rail; and other interm

rail and water. Exclud

air transportation.

Key: S = withheld due to h

Note:The data presented i

establishments classifi

System (NAICS) as: fa

lishing, and crude pet

most retail and servic

and commodities ship

destination that pass 

Source: U.S. Department o

Statistics and U.S. Departm

Economic Census:Transpor

Report,” December 2003.
Houston,TX 

New York, NY & NJ 

Beaumont,TX 

New Orleans, LA 

Huntington-Tristate,

WV-OH-PAa 

Corpus Christi,TX 

Long Beach, CA 

Baton Rouge, LA 

Plaquemine, LA 

Texas City,TX 

Los Angeles, CA 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Valdez,AK 

Tampa, FL 

Lake Charles, LA 

Mobile,AL 

Duluth-Superior,

MN & WI 

Baltimore, MD 

Philadelphia, PA 

Total top 20b 

a Huntington-Tristate,WV-

began in 2000. b For 

WV-OH-PA, is exclude

Key: N = data are nonexist

Note: See table 26 for top 

Sources: 1992––U.S. Army 

United States, Calendar Year

Orleans, LA: 1993), table 5

2002—U.S. Army Corps of 

States, Calendar Year 2002, 

http://www.iwr.usace.army.m
32 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Figure 9

U.S. Gross Domes

Major Societal Fun

Housing

(25.3%)

Health care

 (16.7%)

a Includes all consumer and 

and fuel) and services 

transportation. b Inclu

personal care products 

Source: U.S. Department o

Statistics, calculated from d

Economic Analysis, Survey o
Apparel and services

(4%) 

Personal

insurance and pensions

(10%)

Health care (6%)

Transpor

(19%

$7,78

Private vehicle 

Vehicle purchase

Gasoline and mo

Other vehicle ex

Public transpo

expenditures 

Airline fares 

Mass transit fares 

Ship fares 

Taxi fares 

Intercity train far

Intercity bus fare

Local transportat

out-of-town trip

School buses 

a Includes entertainment, pe

tobacco products and s

Note: Numbers do not add 

Source: U.S. Department o

Expenditure Survey, 2004; a
34 Pocket Guide to Transporta

60

80

100

120

1990 

1993 

Note:TSI is a chain-type in

of transportation serv

ing and indexing the se

passenger travel, the T

portation services.

Source: Compiled by U.S. D

Transportation Statistics (B

www.bts.gov/xml/tsi/src/ind

(GDP) Quantity Index num

GDP data published by the 
Transit/ground 

passenger transportat

Pipeline 

Trucking 

Support activities 

Scenic/sightseeing trans

Couriers/messengers 

Warehousing/storage 

Governmentb 

Related services & con

Automotive repair servic

parking; automotive eq

rental/leasing; gasoline s

Highway, street, bridge c

Dealers or wholesalers of 

vehicles, parts, petroleum

supplies, equipment 

Travel arrangement/

reservation services 

Ambulatory health care se

Postal service 

Transportation-relate

manufacturingc 

Total 

aAnnual averages. Data are 

that are SIC-based. (See Gl

b Fiscal year data. Includes 

c Includes transportation eq

plastics; search, detection, n

systems; and instrument m

Key: U = unavailable.

Sources: Various sources, as 

Statistics, table 3-19b, availab
36 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Air 235,602 

Truck 194,786 

Rail 26,041 

Pipeline 915 

Other,

unknown, &

miscellaneous 60,194 

Notes: Numbers may not add 

Water—Excludes intransit dat

try to another via a U.S. w

Imports—Excludes imports va

on U.S. general imports, c

Exports—Excludes exports va

(free alongside ship) and r

export, including the trans

other charges.

Sources: Compiled by U.S. De

Transportation Statistics (BTS)

ment of Commerce, U.S. Cens

Merchandise, CD-ROM and U.

2003. Total, truck, rail, pipeline

Transborder Surface Freight D
Air 2,634 

Truck 93,851 

Rail 26,176 

Pipeline 1,951 

Other,

unknown, &

miscellaneous 2,820 

a BTS estimated those weig

unknown based on valu

export weights for sur

for water and air expo

Commerce, U.S. Censu

portation vary from th

of Engineers, because t

(merchandise shipped f

port but not part of U

Notes: Numbers may not a

Water—Excludes intransit 

country to another via 

Imports—Excludes imports 

on U.S. general imports

Exports—Excludes exports 

(free alongside ship) an

export, including the tr

other charges.

Sources: Compiled by U.S. D

Transportation Statistics (BT

Department of Commerce, 

Exports of Merchandise, CD-

December 2003. Total, truc

BTS,Transborder Surface Fr

2004.
38 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Pipeline 

Air 

Water 

Other and unknown 

U.S.-NAFTA import

Truck 

Rail 

Pipeline 

Air 

Water 

Other and unknown 

U.S.-NAFTA exports

Truck 

Rail 

Pipeline 

Air 

Water 

Other and unknown 

a BTS estimated those we

unknown based on va

because export weigh

reported.Weight for w

the U.S. Department o

Notes: Value based on mi

of short tons.

U.S.-NAFTA (North Amer

trade with Canada and 

Sources: Compiled by U.S. D

of Transportation Statistics (

Commerce, U.S. Census Bu

Merchandise, CD-ROM and 

2003. Total, truck, rail, pipe

Transborder Surface Freight 

2004.
5 Long Beach, CA (

6 Laredo,TX (l) 

7 Los Angeles

Internatl. Airpo

8 Port Huron, MI (l

9 Buffalo-Niagara F

10 Chicago, IL (a) 

11 Houston,TX (w) 

12 San Francisco Inte

Airport, CA (a) 

13 Charleston, SC (w

14 El Paso,TX (l) 

15 Norfolk,VA (w) 

16 New Orleans, LA 

17 Tacoma,WA (w) 

18 Baltimore, MD (w

19 Oakland, CA (w) 

20 Dallas-Fort Wort

Key: a = air; l = land port

Notes:Trade excludes imp

than $2,500. Air: Inclu

the total value) of sma

Air gateways not iden

major airport(s) in tha

Census Bureau confid

included in airport tot

Orleans. Numbers ma

Sources: Compiled by U.S. 

of Transportation Statistics 

Census Bureau, Foreign Tra

Water—USDOT, Maritime 

Analysis, personal commun

Transborder Surface Freigh
40 Pocket Guide to Transporta

and parts (88) 

Ships, boats, and 

floating structures (89) 

Railway or tramway 

locomotives and 

parts (86) 

Total,

transportation goods 

Total, all goods 

Transportation goods 

share of trade 

Notes: The numbers in par

the Harmonized Sched

Classification category (87) 

carriages.

Total trade = exports plus 

Source: U.S. Department of 

Statistics; based on data from 

International Trade Commis

able at http://dataweb.usitc.g
0

2

4

6

8

1980 1985 

Light 

Notes: 1998–2003 data are 

Data are based on Environ

trucks (gross vehicle w

Source: U.S. Environmental 

Technology and Fuel Econom

2004, available at http://ww
42 Pocket Guide to Transporta

Local 

Transit total 

Federal:

Highway Trust Fund—

Mass Transit Account 

State 

Local 

Air total 

Federal:Airport and 

Airway Trust Fund 

State 

Local 

Water total 

Federal: water receiptsb 

State 

Local 

Pipeline c 

General support d 

Total, all modes 3

Federal 

State 

Local 

a Since 1983, some Highway 

b Includes Harbor Maintena

Waterway Trust Fund, P

Fund, Offshore Oil Poll

excise taxes of the Boa

c Includes federal only: Pipe

d Includes federal only: Eme

Key: – = no activity or a va

Note: Numbers may not ad

Sources:Various sources, as 

Bureau of Transportation St

Statistics, available at http://w

financial_statistics/index.htm

42
Federal 

State and local 

Rail total 

Federal 

State and local 

Air total 

Federal 

State and local 

Water total 

Federal 

State and local 

Pipeline totala 

Federal 

State and local 

General supportb 

Total, all modes 5

Federal 2

State and local 3

a Includes gas and liquid pip

and operating expendit

Transportation (exclud

Commission on Aircraf

the Interstate Commer

Inspector General, the 

(excluding outlays for t

above), the National Tr

Transportation Statistic

Key: – = no activity or a va

Notes: Expenditures are fro

ment. Federal includes 

ties. State and local inc

grants. Numbers may n

government expenditu

Sources:Various sources, as 

Bureau of Transportation St

Statistics, available at http://w

financial_statistics/index.htm
Pocket Guide to Trans

Figure 13

New Passenger Ca

Averages: Model Y

1980 1985 

Light trucks

Cars

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Miles per gallon

Note: 2003 data are prelim

Source: U.S. Department o

Administration, Automotive 

Year 2002, September 200

cars/problems/studies, as o

November 2004.

44
Tran

0

500

1,000

1,500

Unknown and

other

All o

transpo

1991 1993 

Source: U.S. Department o

Statistics, special tabulation

Security, U.S. Coast Guard, 

available at http://www.uscg

October 2003.
Pocket Guide to Trans

150

250

350

450

1980 1985 

Residential

Notes: One ton of car

Electric utility emis

1990–2002 data are re

preliminary.

Sources: 1980–1989—

Information Administrat

www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1

1990–2003—USDOE, 

2003 Flash Estimate, av

flash.html, as of June 20

46
Tran

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1980 1985 1990 1995 

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Volatile organic compou

Ammonia; Sulfur Dioxide 

0.4

0.6

1980 1985 1990 1995 

Ammonia

Sulfur dioxide

Key: PM-10 and PM-2.5 = 

2.5 microns, respectiv

Notes:Transportation em

the following nonroad 

airport service equipm

includes onroad mobi

estimates in 2001.Tre

to a new EPA estimat

Source: U.S. Environmental 

and Standards, Average Ann

available at http://www.epa
48 Pocket Guide to Transporta

y

constant dollars.The 

between adjacent ye

chained (multiplied) 

changes between no

Class I railroad—A fr

ing revenue indexed 

In 2003, the adjusted 

Commercial waterw

counted by the U.S.

wharves, and docks. 

exclusively for recre

ally those providing 

Commuter rail—Urb

short-distance trave

urbs run on tracks 

include heavy- or lig

Congestion cost—Va

$13.45 per hour of 

truck travel) and ex

the average cost pe

Contracted service (

Transportation serv

governmental unit f

provider based on a 

Demand-responsive 

schedule form of tra

calls from passenger

or dispatcher.

Directional route-mi

tion over which tran

Directly operated se

directly by a transit 

the necessary labor 
Heavy-rail transit––H

of-way that exclude 

Hub area—As used he

centage of total enp

can comprise more 

following classes: lar

the total enplaned p

0.05%–0.24%; nonhu

hub used here shou

the term to describe 

other definitions of 

Administration focu

Intermodal—Transpor

mode of transportat

choices, cooperation 

Large certificated air 

with a maximum pas

a maximum payload 

ers are also grouped 

majors—more than 

million and $1 billio

and $99,999,999; an

million.

Long-distance travel—

portation Statistics’ 

distance trips are tr

the farthest destinat

ponent as well as an

transportation mode

Light-rail transit––Ur

right-of-way that ma

vehicles and pedestr
Mexico, and the Uni

economies of the th

Nonself-propelled ve

barges and railroad 

waterways.

Particulates—Carbon 

reduction of hydroc

ties of metal oxides 

wear, component de

Passenger-mile—One 

example, one vehicle 

generates 15 passen

Self-propelled vessels

and offshore supply 

ger vessels, such as 

passenger and dry c

Short-ton—A unit of w

Standard Industrial C

1937) groups establ

collection, tabulation

intended to promot

data presentations b

institutions. SIC clas

ture of the economy

Ton-miles—A unit of m

ton over one mile.

Truck:

Single unit—A large 

axles and 6 tires. Ex

noted above.

Combination—A po

one or more trailing 

Vehicle-mile—One ve

50 Pocket Guide to Transporta
Photo Credits

Front cover

Ship in Baltimore H

Dennis Roos, Sr.

Back cover

Passenger train

National Railroad P

Corporation (Amt