Sediment Characteristics and Configuration within 

Three Dam Impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, 

Michigan, 2000

U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4098

Prepared in cooperation with the

MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Cover photo: Trowbridge dam foundation on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Michigan. 

Photo by D. L. Hubbell, September 2000.
Sediment Characteristics and Configuration within 

Three Dam Impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, 

Michigan, 2000

By S. J. Rheaume, C. M. Rachol, D. L. Hubbell, and Andreanne Simard

U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4098

Lansing, Michigan

2002
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GALE A. NORTON, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Charles G. Groat, Director

Any use of firm, brand, or trade names in this publication is

 for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute 

endorsement by the U.S. Government.

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

District Chief U.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services

6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5 Box 25286

Lansing, MI 48911-5991 Denver, CO 80225-0286
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 1

Purpose and scope................................................................................................................................ 3

Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 3

Hydrologic setting......................................................................................................................................... 3

Methods of investigation............................................................................................................................... 4

Selection of transects and data points...................................................................................................4

Collection of data points and sediment cores .......................................................................................4

Estimation of sediment volume ............................................................................................................4

Sediment characteristics within the impoundments...................................................................................... 8

Pre-dam outwash and alluvium............................................................................................................ 8

Dam lacustrine deposits........................................................................................................................8

Post-superstructure alluvium ................................................................................................................8

Sediment configuration within the impoundments ......................................................................................11

Impoundment bathymetry and delineation of pre-dam river channel.................................................11

Sediment thickness and volume in the impoundments.......................................................................11

Summary ......................................................................................................................................................23

References cited ...........................................................................................................................................24

Appendixes ..................................................................................................................................................25

FIGURES

1. Location of the Kalamazoo River Watershed and study sites in Michigan ............................................2

2A. Location of data-collection points in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River .................5

2B. Location of data-collection points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River.....................6

2C. Location of data-collection points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River .............7

3A. Bathymetry of the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River ..................................................12

3B. Bathymetry of the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River......................................................13

3C. Bathymetry of the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River ..............................................14

4A. Depth to pre-dam alluvium in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River..........................15

4B. Depth to pre-dam alluvium in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River .............................16

4C. Depth to pre-dam alluvium in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River ......................17

iii
CONTENTS--Continued

 Page

FIGURES

5A. Combined thickness of post-dam lacustrine deposits and post-superstructure alluvium in

 the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River ..........................................................................18

5B. Combined thickness of post-dam lacustrine deposits and post-superstructure alluvium in

 the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River ...............................................................................19

5C. Combined thickness of post-dam lacustrine deposits and post-superstructure alluvium in

 the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River.......................................................................20

TABLES

1. Characteristics of stream bottom and sediments at sediment-core sites in three impoundments 

 on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan........................................................................................................9

2. Estimates of the instream-sediment volume and root mean squared error of sediment thickness 

 in three impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan................................................................21

3. Volume of sediment between transects in three impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, 

 Michigan...............................................................................................................................................21

Appendix A

Tables A1-A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of 

sediment at transect data points in three impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, 

Michigan ......................................................................................................................................................25

Appendix B

Tables B1-B3. Lithologic descriptions of sediment cores collected in three impoundments on 

the Kalamazoo River, Michigan ..................................................................................................................44

Appendix C

Tables C1-C3. Particle size of selected sediment samples from cores collected in three

impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan.....................................................................................48

iv
CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Multiply By To obtain

Length mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter

Area square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer

square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter

Volume cubic yards (yd3) 0.7646 cubic meter

Flow cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second

Mass milligram (mg) 0.00003527 ounce, avoirdupois

kilogram (kg) 2.205 pound, avoirdupois

Abbreviated water-quality units used in this report: Chemical concentrations for bed sediment are given in 

milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in bed sediment (dry 

weight) for synthetic organic compounds and trace elements. Numerical values expressed as milligrams per kilogram 

are the same as concentrations in parts per million (ppm).

MISCELLANEOUS ABBREVIATIONS

USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl

MDNR Michigan Department of Natural Resources

CDM Camp Dresser & McKee

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

MDEQ Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

GPS Global Positioning System

SC Sediment Core

RP Reference Point

TL Transect Location

v
1

ABSTRACT

The removal of the remnants of three hydroelectric dams on the Kalamazoo River near Plainwell, 

Otsego, and Allegan, Michigan, has been proposed. 

The benefits of this removal include returning the 

Kalamazoo River to its pre-dam flow, increasing recreational use and safety on the river, and improving 

aquatic habitat. The U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency has designated this reach of the Kalamazoo 

River as a Federal Superfund site because of the historical discharge of papermill waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls. Much of this waste material remains 

concentrated in organic sediment and kaolinite clay 

deposited upstream from the three dam foundations. 

Sediment containing up to 150 milligrams per kilogram 

polychlorinated biphenyls could move if dam foundations are removed; therefore, it is necessary to estimate 

the characteristic and configuration of the sediment 

before work begins.

Data collected from augered sections and sediment cores show that impoundment sediments were 

deposited in two distinctly different sedimentary environments. Interbedded lacustrine sediments that overlie 

the pre-dam channel surface consist of organic-rich silt 

and clay, fine to medium sand, and some gravel. These 

materials were deposited in a repetitive, cyclic fashion 

related to former stream velocities when the impoundment water levels were 5-10 feet higher. Lowering of 

these water levels and demolition of the superstructures 

of these dams resulted in erosion of much of these 

instream lacustrine sediments and subsequent deposition of coarse-grained alluvium in the impounded 

channel behind the remaining dam foundations.

The composite thicknesses of the lacustrine 

deposits and overlying alluvium was determined from 

sediment cores collected from each impoundment. The 

volume of instream sediment contained in each 

impoundment is estimated to be about 77,600 cubic 

yards at the Plainwell impoundment; 268,900 cubic 

yards at the Otsego impoundment; and 1,192,600 cubic 

yards at the Trowbridge impoundment. Estimates do 

not include bank or flood-plain deposits.

INTRODUCTION

A series of hydroelectric dams was constructed 

from 1899 to 1904 on the Kalamazoo River between 

the cities of Plainwell and Allegan, Michigan (fig. 1). 

Three of these dams (Plainwell, Otsego, and Trowbridge) were decommissioned as power generators in 

the mid-1960s. By 1970, ownership had been transferred from Consumers Power Company to the Michigan Department of the Natural Resources (MDNR). 

During this period, water levels behind these dams 

were lowered, exposing previously inundated sediments (Camp Dresser & McKee, 1999a, 1999b, 2000). 

The superstructures, consisting of powerhouses, gates, 

upper abutment walls, and some of the spillway, were 

removed in 1985-86. Sediment containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) continued to be transported and 

deposited downstream from each dam foundation as 

new channels cut through the previously impounded 

areas. In 2001, Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc., stabilized the remaining spillway abutment walls and 

aprons of the Plainwell, Otsego, and Trowbridge dam 

foundations (Todd King, Camp Dresser & McKee, oral 

commun., 2001). 

The MDNR is considering the option of removing dam foundations. Removal of the structures will 

return part of the Kalamazoo River to run-of-river flow, 

will increase recreational uses and safety on the river, 

and will improve aquatic habitat in affected river sections. The removal of any dam, however, may result in 

some problems. The two most common problems 

encountered are the movement of sediment downstream and the upstream migration of invasive species 

Sediment Characteristics and Configuration within Three Dam 

Impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, 2000

By S. J. Rheaume, C. M. Rachol, D. L. Hubbell, and Andreanne Simard
2
3

from the Great Lakes to the headwater areas. Because 

additional impoundments downstream of the project 

area will remain in place, migration of invasive species 

should not be a problem; however, movement of sediments is a concern. 

The USEPA has designated the Kalamazoo River 

from the city of Kalamazoo to its outlet into Lake 

Michigan as a Federal Superfund site, owing to contamination with PCBs. According to Camp Dresser & 

McKee (1999c), the primary industrial activity associated with PCB releases to the Kalamazoo River was the 

recycling at various area papermills of carbonless copy 

paper containing PCBs as an ink solvent. Kalamazooarea papermills that de-inked or re-pulped the PCBcontaining carbonless copy paper from 1957 to 1971 

incorporated PCBs in their waste discharge. The paper 

wastes also included kaolinite clays, which concentrate 

PCBs (as much as 150 milligrams per kilogram PCB in 

the impoundments; Blasland, Bouck, & Lee, 1994). 

Much of this waste clay remains impounded behind the 

three dam foundations. If the dam foundations are 

removed, transport and deposition of the impounded 

materials could alter the downstream characteristics of 

the stream channel and increase PCB exposure potential to stream biota. 

In summer 2000, the USGS, in cooperation with 

MDEQ, studied the volume, character, and size distribution of instream sediments in three of the impoundments on the Kalamazoo River and determined the 

configuration of the present-day and pre-dam stream 

channels. 

Purpose and scope

This report (1) describes the results of the USGSMDEQ data-collection effort in the three Kalamazoo 

River impoundments, (2) relates this information to the 

depositional history of sediments deposited behind the 

dams, and (3) provides estimates of the volume of 

instream sediment upstream of three dam foundations. 

Maps of sediment location and thickness, as well as 

tables of lithology and particle-size distribution are 

provided.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Todd King (Camp Dresser & 

McKee, Inc., Detroit, Mich.), Dennis Eagle (Michigan 

Department of Environmental Quality-Environmental 

Response Division, Lansing, Mich.), and Brian Mailot 

(USGS, Columbus, Ohio) for technical support. Technical reviewers were Faith A. Fitzpatrick (USGS, Middleton, Wis.), Michael J. Sweat (USGS, Lansing, 

Mich.), and Paul Bucholtz, (Michigan Department of 

Environmental Quality-Environmental Response Division, Lansing, Mich.). Editorial and graphic support 

were provided by Michael Eberle and Leah Hout 

(USGS, Columbus, Ohio) and Sharon B. Baltusis 

(USGS, Lansing, Mich.).

HYDROLOGIC SETTING

The cities of Plainwell, Otsego, and Allegan lie in 

the Kalamazoo River Valley in southwestern Michigan 

(fig. 1). This river valley was a large glacial meltwater 

channel, formed in the interlobate zone between the 

Michigan and Saginaw glacial-ice lobes during the late 

Pleistocene Epoch (Leverett and Taylor, 1915). Broken 

upland ridges (consisting of poorly bedded cobbley 

sand and gravel) formed as the Michigan Ice Lobe 

retreated to the west (Monaghan and Larson, 1984). 

These ridges mark the drainageways or channels of a 

much larger river that flowed during this glacial epoch 

(Deutsch and others, 1960). As ice blocks melted and 

outlets lowered, the Kalamazoo River assumed its 

modern-day size and course (Martin, 1958). 

Presently (2002), the main stem of the Kalamazoo River originates in Calhoun County at the confluence of the North and South Branches and flows 

northwestward for 123 mi to Lake Michigan near the 

city of Saugatuck. The river has meandering channels 

and point bars, and flows through a broad, well-defined 

floodplain. The Kalamazoo River has a drainage area 

of more than 2,000 mi2

 with more than 400 mi of tributaries, including Portage Creek, a known source of 

PCBs (Stratus Consulting, Inc., 2000). A USGS 

streamflow-gaging station has been operated on the 

Kalamazoo River at Comstock, Mich. in Kalamazoo 

County from 1931 to the present. The drainage area at 

Comstock is 1,010 mi2. The mean annual flow for the 

69-year period of record is 893 ft3

/s. A maximum daily 

mean flow of 6,830 ft3

/s was recorded on April 8, 

1947, and a minimum daily mean flow of 185 ft3/s was 

recorded on August 7, 1934 (Blumer and others, 2000). 

In general, the Kalamazoo River has a low gradient 

(less than 5 ft/mi). Where gradients are higher, the river 
4

historically has been impounded for hydroelectrical 

and other industrial purposes (Blasland, Bouck & Lee, 

Inc., 1994). 

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

This study was conducted to determine the volume, character, and size distribution of sediments in the 

three impoundments and to delineate the configuration 

of the present-day and pre-dam stream channels. Hand 

augering along transect lines was done to determine 

sediment thickness. Cores of streambed sediments 

were collected and sieved to determine grain-size of 

the material.

Selection of transects and data points

Transect spacing was based on the river width at 

each of the respective dam foundations (figs. 2A-C). 

Transect 1 in each impoundment was as close to the 

dam as safety would allow. Transects 2, 3, and 4 were 

spaced upstream at intervals of one river width apart. 

Transects 5, 6, and 7 were spaced at intervals of two 

river widths apart. Transects 8 and higher were spaced 

at four river widths apart until the end of backwater 

was reached for each impoundment. Backwater behind 

each dam foundation extends upstream approximately 

4,440 ft at the Plainwell impoundment, 6,670 ft at the 

Otsego impoundment, and 12,500 ft at the Trowbridge 

impoundment. The end of backwater typically was 

indicated by increased river velocities, riffles, and 

debris islands. From 10 to 14 transects were established 

in each impoundment. This spacing was chosen in 

order to provide useful information for planned development of a one-dimensional open channel mixed-size 

sediment transport model (Bennett, 2001). 

Reference points were established at each 

transect by driving a steel fencepost into the right or 

left bank, close to the water’s edge. Altitudes of the top 

of the reference points were surveyed to 0.1 ft by Camp 

Dresser & McKee in fall 2000. Altitudes of bank height 

and water surface were measured down from reference 

points as transects were completed. An outside staff 

gage at each impoundment was used to account for 

daily water-surface fluctuations during water-depth 

measurements.

A 3/16-inch steel cable tagline, painted at 5-ft 

intervals, was stretched across the river perpendicular 

to the channel at each transect. Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates were taken at both ends of the 

tagline. The channel width was divided into 15 equal 

sections for the measurement of water depth, velocity, 

and sediment thickness (appendix A, tables A1-A3). A 

GPS coordinate was taken at each measuring point. 

Water depth and velocity were measured by standard 

USGS methods (Rantz and others, 1982) using a boatcable measuring device equipped with an A-reel, a 15- 

or 30-lb weight, and a Price AA standard current meter.

Collection of data points and sediment cores

Data points (water depth, velocity, and sediment 

thickness) and a sediment core were collected across 

each transect in the three impoundments (figs. 2A-C). 

Thickness of the post-dam sediment was obtained by 

boring with a 1-ft-long by 11

/2 in.-diameter auger bit 

with 4-ft extension pipes. The depth of the post-dam 

sediment that overlay the pre-dam alluvium (altitude 

prior to dam construction) was indicated when the 

auger no longer could be advanced and a grinding 

sound could be heard from contact of the auger bit with 

cobbles and stones. Transect core samples generally 

were collected where impoundment sediments were 

thickest by driving a 10-ft length of 11/4 in.-diameter 

polyvinyl chloride tube into the sediments until refusal. 

Changes in sediment texture and color were observed 

in the field, and representative samples were collected 

from the core where lithology changed. Lithologic 

descriptions of the cores are summarized in tables B1-

B3 (appendix B). A total of 82 samples from 36 cores 

were collected and sieved at the Michigan State University Soil Science Laboratory using U.S. Standards 

Sieves (appendix C, tables C1-C3).

Estimation of sediment volume

Water depth and bottom of the post-dam sediment were hand contoured to 1-ft intervals by use of 

auger-point and sediment-core data. These contours 

were used to generate a GIS grid surface, which was 

compared to field measurements. This comparison 

allowed for a root mean squared error of depth to be 

calculated for each data point. Areas with error values 

greater than 1 ft were recontoured and the grid was 

regenerated. Once all grid surfaces had error values 

less than 1 ft, the thickness of the post-dam sediment 
5
6
7
8

was mapped by subtracting the depth of water grid 

from the depth of the post-dam sediment grid. 

The total estimated volume of the impoundment 

sediment (in cubic yards) was calculated by taking the 

sum of the products of the area of each cell multiplied 

by its thickness. Areas between transects were digitized, and the number of square feet within each area 

was computed. These measured areas were used in 

conjunction with sediment thickness per digitized area 

to compute volume of sediments between transects.

SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THE 

IMPOUNDMENTS

Stratigraphic relations among the sediments 

within and flanking the channel vary as a function of 

distance upstream from each dam. The impoundment 

area for each dam can be divided into two distinctive 

zones: an upper zone and a lower zone. 

Upper zones are areas flooded by the dams when 

their superstructures were intact and the dams were 

fully operational at design pool levels (5-10 ft higher 

than at present). As water levels behind the dams were 

lowered, previously inundated sediment was exposed. 

In areas near the dam foundations, lacustrine deposits 

(as much as 4 ft thick) can be seen along the banks, 

flood plains, and wetlands. In the upstream reaches of 

the historical impoundments, lacustrine deposits 

remain in the flood plain but have been eroded completely in the present-day river channel. At these locations, increased slopes and river velocities have 

exposed very coarse pre-dam alluvium, which in some 

places has been overlain by post-superstructure sand 

and gravel.

Lower zones are areas flooded by the remaining 

dam foundations and are the focus of this study. Three 

distinct stratigraphic units can be identified in the 

lower zone. These units are (1) outwash and alluvial 

cobble, gravel, and sand, deposited before dam construction, (2) interbedded lacustrine clay, silt, and sand, 

deposited during routine dam operation, and (3) sand 

and gravel deposited since the superstructure was dismantled. 

Pre-dam outwash and alluvium

As glacial ice retreated from the study area, meltwaters flowed westward through continually lowering 

outlets. The glacial Kalamazoo River was much larger 

than the present river, eroding large volumes of sediment as it cut through outwash and lake plains to form 

the Kalamazoo River Valley. After the end of the Pleistocene epoch, the volume of water discharged through 

the Kalamazoo River diminished greatly, leaving the 

river to occupy only a small part of its outwash- and 

alluvium-filled ancestral river valley (Deutsch and others, 1960). For thousands of years, the Kalamazoo 

River meandered across the Kalamazoo River Valley, 

reworking the pre-dam outwash and alluvium. This 

pre-dam material is identified easily and consists of 

cobbles, coarse gravel, and lesser amounts of medium 

to coarse sand. 

Dam lacustrine deposits

Construction of the three dams raised water levels approximately 5-10 ft higher than the present dam 

foundations. Lacustrine material deposited in the 

impoundments consisted of interbedded, organic-rich 

silt and clay, fine to medium sand, and some gravel. 

Coarse-grained layers were deposited cyclically in 

response to floods. Based on current streambank elevations, the thickness of these dam lacustrine deposits 

ranged from 0 to 12 ft at the Plainwell impoundment, 

from 0 to 12 ft at the Otsego impoundment, and from 

0 to 16 ft at the Trowbridge impoundment.

After the dam superstructures were removed and 

water levels lowered, new channels were cut through 

the dam lacustrine deposits. Auger data points and sediment cores collected in the summer of 2000 showed 

that the thickness of the eroded, instream lacustrine 

deposits now ranges from 0 to 9.7 ft at the Plainwell 

impoundment (table 1A), from 0 to 8.5 ft at the Otsego 

impoundment (table 1B), and from 0 to 13.1 ft at the 

Trowbridge impoundment (table 1C). 

Post-superstructure alluvium

After the channels stabilized, sand and gravel 

began to aggrade within the impoundments. These 

post-superstructure alluvial deposits lie directly over 

the remaining post-dam lacustrine deposits. The thickness of the post-superstructure alluvium ranges from 

0 to 1.5 ft at the Plainwell impoundment (table 1A), 

from 1 to 5.5 ft at the Otsego impoundment (table 1B), 

and from 0 to 7.5 ft at the Trowbridge impoundment 

(table 1C). 
9

Table 1. Characteristics of stream bottom and sediments at sediment-core sites in three impoundments on the 

Kalamazoo River, Michigan

[Altitude in feet above sea level; no., number; ft, feet] 

_______________________________________________________________________________

 Table 1A. Plainwell impoundment

Sediment 

core no.

Altitude of 

stream bottom

Altitude of base 

of sediment

Thickness of postsuperstructure 

alluvium 

(ft)

Thickness of 

the post-dam 

lacustrine 

deposits

(ft)

Total 

thickness 

of 

sediment 

(ft)

 1 702.8 696.2 1.5 5.1 6.6

 2 701.3 696.8 1.5 3.0 4.5

 3 700.4 697.2 0 3.2 3.2

 4 703.8 694.1 0 9.7 9.7

 5 700.3 696.3 1.0 3.0 4.0

 6 702.9 698.4 1.0 3.5 4.5

 7 700.8 699.3 1.5 0 1.5

 8 703.2 700.5 1.0 1.7 2.7

 9 701.1 700.0 .5 .6 1.1

10 704.3 703.6 .7 0 .7

Table 1B. Otsego impoundment

 1 666.1 660.1 2.0 4.0 6.0

 2 669.3 661.5 3.4 4.4 7.8

 3 671.2 660.6 5.0 5.5 10.5

 4 671.6 661.3 5.5 4.8 10.3

 5 670.7 660.9 1.3 8.5 9.8

 6 671.0 662.9 3.9 4.2 8.1

 7 671.5 665.2 3.1 3.2 6.3

 8 669.8 664.3 1.0 4.5 5.5

 9 672.2 664.9 3.0 4.3 7.3

10 671.8 668.5 2.3 1.0 3.3

11 672.2 667.6 2.0 2.6 4.6

12 673.5 668.7 4.8 0 4.8
10

Table 1. Characteristics of stream bottom and sediments at sediment-core sites in three impoundments on the 

Kalamazoo River, Michigan -- Continued

Table 1C. Trowbridge impoundment

Sediment 

core no.

Altitude of 

stream bottom

Altitude of base 

of sediment

Thickness of

 postsuperstructure 

alluvium 

(ft)

Thickness of 

the post-dam 

lacustrine 

deposits

(ft)

Total 

thickness 

of 

sediment 

(ft)

 1 652.2 651.2 1.0 0 1.0

 2 656.4 641.3 2.0 13.1 15.1

 3 652.6 648.2 1.7 2.7 4.4

 4 652.8 647.3 .5 5.0 5.5

 5 650.0 647.0 .5 2.5 3.0

 6 654.0 641.3 1.0 11.7 12.7

 7 656.5 651.0 0 5.5 5.5

 8 656.4 646.1 1.5 8.8 10.3

 9 657.7 648.1 1.6 8.0 9.6

10 652.3 647.0 .8 4.5 5.3

11 653.2 647.2 1.0 5.0 6.0

12 652.5 649.1 0 3.4 3.4

13 652.6 648.8 3.8 0 3.8

14 657.5 650.0 7.5 0 7.5
11

SEDIMENT CONFIGURATION WITHIN THE 

IMPOUNDMENTS

Impoundment bathymetry and delineation of 

pre-dam river channel

Altitude of the water surface, streambed, and 

base of the impoundment sediment was determined at 

each data-collection point along transect lines. Altitudes for each layer were established by mean of stadia 

level and rod survey (appendix A, tables A1-A3). 

Water depths in the impoundments during low flows 

ranged from 0 to12 ft, average depths being less than 

5 ft (figs. 3A-C). 

As inferred from sediment-thickness data gathered near the dam foundations, the bottom of the predam river was at altitudes 4-7 ft lower than bottom of 

the current impoundment (figs. 4A-C). Lower altitudes 

at the dam foundations would result in slopes of more 

than 2 percent, so the post-dam Kalamazoo River 

would be classified as a moderate-gradient river with 

riffle-dominated channels and infrequently spaced 

pools (Rosgen, 1994). Particle sizes of core samples 

collected in the three impoundments indicate that the 

pre-dam river consisted of a cobble-gravel bottom and 

very stable cobble- and boulder-lined banks.

The extent and thickness of the sediment deposited behind the dams at higher water levels (sediment 

now within the flood plain) were not mapped in this 

study; however, while mapping the sediment thickness 

of the current river channels, the study team saw distinctive pre-dam channels (figs. 4A-C). The maps of 

depth to pre-dam alluvium indicate that the pre-dam 

channel meandered across the current lacustrine flood 

plain and that these maps could be used as a starting 

point for mapping the course of pre-dam river channels.

Sediment thickness and volume in the 

impoundments

 When water levels were lowered and superstructures were removed, dam lacustrine deposits were 

eroded, transported, and redistributed. New channels 

were formed, and increased river velocities began to 

transport and deposit coarser grained sands and gravel 

into the impoundments. These post-superstructure alluvium deposits are not PCB free because PCBs continue 

to be released into the channel from erosion of floodplain deposits, slumping streambanks, and channel-bed 

scour (Camp Dresser & McKee, 1999c). Field notes 

from summer of 2000 describe the coarse-grained postsuperstructure alluvium as “gray or dirty sands,” indicating that some silt/clay/organic material is present 

and that traces of PCBs are also likely present. 

Post-superstructure alluvium and dam lacustrine 

deposits in the channel are both capable of being transported downstream if the dam foundations are removed 

(Westjohn, 1997). For this reason, the post-superstructure alluvium and dam lacustrine deposits are considered as one unit and reported as cubic yards of instream 

sediment for each impoundment (figs. 5A-C). The total 

volume of instream sediment in the three impoundments is greater than (>) 1,500,000 yd3

, most of the 

sediment (> 75 percent) being in the Trowbridge 

impoundment. The estimated volumes of impoundment 

sediments and their corresponding sediment-thickness 

errors are summarized in table 2. 

Upstream from the Plainwell dam foundation, the 

total instream-sediment volume is estimated to be 

77,600 yd3. Sediment thickness ranges from 0 to 

10.9 ft, and average thickness is 3.0 ft over the 

701,000-ft2 area (tables 3A-3C). Approximately 

60 percent of the sediment is between the dam and 

transect 6, in the lower one-third of the impoundment 

(figs. 2A and 5A). 

Upstream from the Otsego dam foundation, the 

total instream-sediment volume is estimated to be 

268,900 yd3

. Sediment thickness ranges from 0 to 

14.0 ft, and average thickness is 5.7 ft over the 

1,400,100-ft2 area. Approximately 66 percent of the 

sediment is between transects 4 and 10, in the middle 

one-third of the impoundment (figs. 2B & 5B). 

Upstream from the Trowbridge dam foundation, 

the total instream-sediment volume is estimated to be 

1,192,600 yd3

. Sediment thickness ranges from 0 to 

16.5 ft, and average thickness is 4.9 ft over the 

5,724,900-ft2 area. Approximately 80 percent of the 

sediment is between transects 6 and 10, in the middle 

of the impoundment (figs. 2C and 5C). 
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Table 3. Volume of sediment between transects in three impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan

[ft, foot; ft2

, square foot; yd3, cubic yard; transects shown in figs. 2A-C]

 Table 2. Estimates of the instream-sediment volume and root mean squared (RMS) error of sediment 

thickness in three impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan 

[yd3

, cubic yards; ft, feet]

Impoundment

Estimated instream- sediment 

volume (yd3) 

Average RMS error 

of sediment thickness (ft)

Plainwell 77,600 0.65

Otsego 268,900 .90

Trowbridge 1,192,600 .72

Table 3A. Plainwell impoundment

Location of area

Surficial

area

(ft2)

Average 

thickness of 

sediment in 

digitized area

(ft)

Volume of sediment 

in digitized area

(yd3)

Dam sill to transect 1 74,400 5.0 13,780

Transect 1 to transect 2 35,100 4.2 5,460

Transect 2 to transect 3 36,500 4.8 6,490

Transect 3 to transect 4 30,100 4.6 5,130

Transect 4 to transect 5 29,300 4.9 5,720

Transect 5 to transect 6 77,400 3.6 10,320

Transect 6 to transect 7 84,100 2.5 7,790

Transect 7 to transect 8 105,500 2.1 8,200

Transect 8 to transect 9 135,700 1.9 9,550

Transect 9 to transect 10 92,900 1.5 5,160

Dam sill to transect 10 701,000 3.0 77,600
Table 3B. Otsego impoundment

Location of area

Surficial

area

(ft2)

Average 

thickness of 

sediment in 

digitized area

(ft)

Volume of sediment 

in digitized area

(yd3)

Dam sill to transect 1 81,500 5.0 15,100

Transect 1 to transect 2 51,400 7.3 13,900

Transect 2 to transect 3 48,500 7.8 14,050

Transect 3 to transect 4 63,900 7.9 18,700

Transect 4 to transect 5 126,600 8.2 38,450

Transect 5 to transect 6 114,350 7.4 31,350

Transect 6 to transect 7 116,550 6.8 29,350

Transect 7 to transect 8 153,300 4.9 27,850

Transect 8 to transect 9 175,800 4.0 26,050

Transect 9 to transect 10 192,000 3.5 24,900

Transect 10 to transect 11 136,300 3.4 17,200

Transect 11 to transect 12 139,900 2.3 12,000

Dam sill to transect 12 1,400,100 5.7 268,900

Table 3C. Trowbridge impoundment

Location of area

Surficial

area

(ft2)

Average 

thickness of 

sediment in 

digitized area

(ft)

Volume of sediment 

in digitized area

(yd3)

Dam sill to transect 1 35,105 1.0 1,300

Transect 1 to transect 2 77,025 4.5 12,840

Transect 2 to transect 3 73,060 8.2 22,190

Transect 3 to transect 4 86,370 6.0 19,190

Transect 4 to transect 5 90,995 5.3 17,860

Transect 5 to transect 6 155,425 6.5 37,420

Transect 6 to transect 7 943,655 6.6 232,670

Transect 7 to transect 8 974,080 7.6 274,700

Transect 8 to transect 9 988,715 7.8 285,630

Transect 9 to transect 10 975,625 4.4 158,990

Transect 10 to transect 11 354,575 3.1 40,710

Transect 11 to transect 12 394,830 3.0 43,870

Transect 12 to transect 13 231,710 2.6 22,310

Transect 13 to transect 14 343,730 1.8 22,920

Dam sill to transect 14 5,724,900 4.9 1,192,600

Table 3. Volume of sediment between transects in three impoundments on the Kalamazoo River, 

Michigan--Continued

[ft, foot; ft2

, square foot; yd3, cubic yard; transects shown in figs. 2A-C

 22
23

SUMMARY 

Three hydroelectric dams were constructed from 

1899 to 1904 on the Kalamazoo River between the cities of Plainwell and Allegan, Michigan. The superstructures, consisting of powerhouses, gates, upper 

abutment walls, and some of the spillway, were 

removed in 1985-86. The MDNR is considering the 

option of removing the remaining dam foundations. 

Removal of the structures will return part of the 

Kalamazoo River to run-of-river flow, increase recreational uses and safety on the river, and improve 

aquatic habitat in affected river sections. However, the 

USEPA has designated the Kalamazoo River from the 

city of Kalamazoo to its outlet into Lake Michigan as a 

Federal Superfund site, owing to PCB contamination in 

the sediment. Much of this contaminated sediment 

remains impounded behind the three dam foundations. 

If the dam foundations are removed, transport and deposition of the impounded materials could alter the 

downstream characteristics of the stream channel and 

increase PCB exposure potential to stream biota. 

In summer 2000, the USGS, in cooperation with 

MDEQ, studied the volume, character, and size distribution of instream sediments in three of the impoundments on the Kalamazoo River and determined the 

configuration of the present-day and pre-dam stream 

channels. Sediment cores were collected at 36 sites 

from three dam impoundments on the Kalamazoo 

River, near Plainwell, Otsego, and Allegan, Michigan. 

Sediment-depth profiles and particle-size analysis of 

core samples formed the principal basis for an interpretation of the sedimentation history and lithology at 

each dam. Approximately 15 data points along transect 

lines were used to develop sediment-depth profiles of 

the pre- and post-dam streambeds.

• The pre-dam streambed has been reasonably 

well defined upstream from each dam foundation. The pre-dam streambed is composed of 

very coarse outwash and alluvium material, is 

easily identifiable, and consists of cobbles, 

coarse gravel, and lesser amounts of medium to 

coarse sand. All of the sediment-depth data 

points for this study terminated in this coarse 

pre-dam outwash and alluvium.

• Two distinct types of deposits are present 

upstream from the dam foundations: (1) lacustrine deposits that accumulated after dams were 

constructed and before superstructures were 

removed and (2) alluvial deposits that accumulated on the erosional surface cut into the lacustrine deposits after removal of the dam 

superstructures.

• Dam lacustrine deposits consist of interbedded, 

organic-rich silt and clay, fine to medium sand, 

and some gravel. Based on current streambank 

elevations, the thickness of these post-dam 

lacustrine deposits ranged from 0 to 12 ft at the 

Plainwell impoundment, from 0 to 12 ft at the 

Otsego impoundment, and from 0 to 16 ft at the 

Trowbridge impoundment.

• Post-superstructure alluvium deposits are 

mostly sand and gravel with traces of silt and 

clay. This coarse-grained surface is related to 

increases in gradient and velocity that took 

place after water levels were lowered and dam 

superstructures removed. These alluvium 

deposits lie directly upon remaining instream 

lacustrine deposits. Thickness of the postsuperstructure alluvium ranges from 0 to 1.5 ft 

at the Plainwell impoundment, from 1 to 5.5 ft 

at the Otsego impoundment, and from 0 to 

7.5 ft at the Trowbridge impoundment.

• In the Plainwell impoundment, sediment volume (the combined volumes of post-dam lacustrine deposits and post-superstructure alluvium) 

is estimated to be 77,600 yd3. Sediment thickness ranges from 0 to 10.9 ft, and average thickness is 3.0 ft over an area of 701,000 ft2

. 

Approximately 60 percent of the sediment is 

between the dam foundation and transect 6, in 

the lower third of the impoundment.

• In the Otsego impoundment, sediment volume 

is estimated to be 268,900 yd3

. Sediment thickness ranges from 0 to 14.0 ft, and average thickness is 5.7 ft over an area of 1,400,100 ft2

. 

Approximately 66 percent of the sediment is 

between transects 4 and 10, in the middle third 

of the impoundment.
24

• In the Trowbridge impoundment, sediment volume is estimated to be 1,192,600 yd3

. Sediment 

thickness ranges from 0 to 16.5 ft, and average 

thickness is 4.9 ft over an area of 5,724,900 ft2

. 

Approximately 80 percent of the sediment is 

between transects 6 and 10, in the middle of the 

impoundment.

• Present-day stream gradients in the impoundments are low (less than 2 percent). Sedimentthickness data gathered in the impoundments 

indicate that pre-dam river-bottom depths near 

the dam foundations were at altitudes 4-7 ft 

lower than the present-day river bottom. 

Removal of dam foundations and corresponding 

sediment would increase the river slope to more 

than 2 percent, so the Kalamazoo River would 

be classified as a moderate-gradient system with 

riffle-dominated channels and infrequently 

spaced pools. 

REFERENCES CITED

Bennett, J.P., 2001, User’s guide for mixed-size sediment transport model for networks of one-dimensional open channels: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4054, 

33 p.

Blasland, Bouck & Lee, Inc., 1994, Allied Paper, Inc./

Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River Superfund site 

remedial investigation/feasibility study: Technical 

memorandum 10, Sediment Characterization/Geostatistical Pilot Study, v. I-III.

Blumer, S.P., Behrendt, T.E., Ellis, J.M., Minnerick, 

R.J., LeuVoy, R.L., Whited, C.R., 2000, Water 

resources data, Michigan, water year 2000: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Data Report MI-00-1, 

100 p.

Camp Dresser & McKee, 1999a, Evaluation report of 

Plainwell Dam-Kalamazoo, Michigan, January 

1999: Detroit, Michigan, 5 p. 

_____ 1999b, Evaluation report of Trowbridge DamKalamazoo, Michigan, January 1999: Detroit, 

Michigan, 5 p. 

_____ 1999c, Baseline ecological risk assessmentAllied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River 

Superfund site, June 1999, section 1-6.

_____ 2000, Otsego Dam evaluation and phase II investigation report, April 2000: 8 p.

Deutsch, Morris, Vanlier, K.E., and Giroux, P.R., 1960, 

Ground-water hydrology and glacial geology of 

the Kalamazoo area, Michigan: Michigan Geological Survey Progress Report 23, 122 p.

Leverett, Frank, and Taylor, F.B., 1915, The Pleistocene 

of Indiana and Michigan and the history of the 

Great Lakes: U.S. Geological Survey Monongraph 

53, 529 p.

Martin, H.M., 1958, Outline of the geologic history of 

Kalamazoo County: Michigan Department of 

Conservation Geological Survey Division, 17 p.

Monaghan, G.W., and Larson, G.J., 1984, Glacial geology of Kalamazoo County, Michigan: East Lansing, Mich., Michigan State University, 

Department of Geology, 37 p.

Rantz, S.E. and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: v. 1, measurement of stage 

and discharge: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 284 p.

Rosgen, D.L., 1994, A classification of natural rivers: 

Catena, v. 22, p. 69-199.

Stratus Consulting, Inc., 2000, Pre-assessment screen, 

Kalamazoo River environment site, Michigan: 

Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, 

Michigan Attorney General, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration, May 30, 2000: chaps. 1-5.

Westjohn, D.B., 1997, Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and 

volume of sediments behind a dam relic on the 

Muskegon River, Big Rapids, Michigan: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4069, 14 p.
32

Appendix A

Table A1. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, 

Michigan

Table A2. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River 

near Otsego, Michigan

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sedment 

attransect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo 

River near Allegan, Michigan
33

Table A1. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at transect 

data points in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, 

Michigan -- Continued

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; ft/s, feet per 

second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2A) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total 

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.90” 085o40’03.22” 0 706.1 706.1 698.9 7.2

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.90” 085o40’03.47” 1.04 706.1 703.8 699.8 4.0

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.90” 085o40’03.68” 1.28 706.1 702.3 697.4 4.9

1 08-24-00 42o27’18.86” 085o40’03.94” 1.31 706.1 701.8 695.5 6.3

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.86” 085o40’04.19” 1.31 706.1 700.8 696.0 4.8

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.83” 085o40’04.40” 1.31 706.1 700.8 696.0 4.8

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.83” 085o40’04.62” 1.28 706.1 701.2 695.8 5.4

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.83” 085o40’04.76” 1.14 706.1 701.1 695.9 5.2

1 08-24-00 42o27’18.83” 085o40’05.02” 1.06 706.1 699.7 696.8 2.9

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.79” 085o40’05.27” .75 706.1 699.6 697.0 2.6

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.79” 085o40’05.45” .25 706.1 699.3 697.8 1.5

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.79” 085o40’05.66” .26 706.1 699.7 697.5 2.2

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.79” 085o40’05.81” .28 706.1 700.1 696.8 3.3

1 08-24-00 42o27’18.79” 085o40’05.92” .25 706.1 702.8 696.2 6.6

1 08-24-00 42o

27’18.79” 085o40’06.10” 0 706.1 706.1 695.2 10.9

2 08-23-00 42o

27’17.06” 085o40’02.90” 0 706.1 706.1 696.8 9.3

2 08-23-00 42o

27’17.06” 085o40’03.00” .88 706.1 700.9 695.0 5.9

2 08-23-00 42o27’17.03” 085o40’03.14” 1.14 706.1 700.2 695.8 4.4

2 08-23-00 42o27’17.03” 085o40’03.29” 1.28 706.1 700.2 696.3 3.9

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.99” 085o40’03.40” 1.39 706.1 700.4 696.3 4.1

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.99” 085o40’03.50” 1.34 706.1 700.6 696.8 3.8

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.96” 085o40’03.65” 1.30 706.1 700.9 696.8 4.1

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.92” 085o40’03.79” 1.42 706.1 701.3 696.9 4.4 

2 08-23-00 42o27’16.88” 085o40’03.90” 1.32 706.1 701.6 697.3 4.3

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.88” 085o40’04.04” 1.32 706.1 701.8 696.8 5.0

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.85” 085o40’04.22” 1.20 706.1 701.7 696.8 4.9

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.81” 085o40’04.37” 1.00 706.1 701.3 696.9 4.4

2 08-23-00 42o27’16.78” 085o40’04.58” .86 706.1 700.7 696.5 4.2

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.74” 085o40’04.73” .76 706.1 700.3 696.1 4.2

2 08-23-00 42o

27’16.70” 085o40’04.87” 0 706.1 706.1 698.4 7.7

3 08-23-00 42o

27’15.41” 085o40’01.24” 0 706.1 706.1 696.1 10.0
34

3 08-23-00 42o

27’15.37” 085o40’01.27” 0.52 706.1 702.6 696.1 6.5

3 08-23-00 42o

27’15.34” 085o40’01.34” .85 706.1 700.8 696.1 4.7

3 08-23-00 42o

27’15.30” 085o40’01.45” .89 706.1 699.8 695.8 4.0

3 08-23-00 42o27’15.23” 085o40’01.52” 1.10 706.1 699.8 695.7 4.1

3 08-23-00 42o27’15.16” 085o40’01.63” 1.22 706.1 700.5 697.3 3.2

3 08-23-00 42o

27’15.08” 085o40’01.74” 1.26 706.1 700.8 696.8 4.0

3 08-23-00 42o

27’15.01” 085o40’01.88” 1.34 706.1 701.0 695.8 5.2

3 08-23-00 42o

27’14.94” 085o40’02.03” 1.41 706.1 701.3 695.8 5.5

3 08-23-00 42o27’14.87” 085o40’02.14” 1.34 706.1 701.3 695.8 5.5

3 08-23-00 42o

27’14.80” 085o40’02.24” 1.28 706.1 701.8 695.0 6.8

3 08-23-00 42o

27’14.72” 085o40’02.35” 1.01 706.1 701.8 695.7 6.1

3 08-23-00 42o

27’14.69” 085o40’02.42” .84 706.1 701.8 697.8 4.0

3 08-23-00 42o

27’14.62” 085o40’02.57” .52 706.1 702.3 700.5 1.8

3 08-23-00 42o27’14.54” 085o40’02.68” .31 706.1 704.4 701.5 2.9

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.68” 085o39’59.44” 0 706.1 706.1 695.6 10.5

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.68” 085o39’59.51” .18 706.1 703.8 694.1 9.7

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.61” 085o39’59.62” .14 706.1 701.3 693.8 7.5

4 08-24-00 42o27’13.57” 085o39’59.69” .52 706.1 700.3 692.8 7.5

4 08-24-00 42o27’13.57” 085o39’59.76” 1.05 706.1 699.3 692.6 6.7 

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.50” 085o39’59.87” 1.13 706.1 698.8 693.5 5.3

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.43” 085o39’59.98” 1.28 706.1 698.3 694.4 3.9

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.39” 085o40’00.08” 1.36 706.1 697.8 694.8 3.0

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.32” 085o40’00.19” 1.44 706.1 696.8 694.0 2.8

4 08-24-00 42o27’13.32” 085o40’00.26” 1.58 706.1 696.8 694.9 1.9

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.25” 085o40’00.37” 1.60 706.1 695.8 694.3 1.5

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.21” 085o40’00.48” 1.16 706.1 695.8 695.5 .3

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.18” 085o40’00.59” .61 706.1 697.3 696.6 .7

4 08-24-00 42o27’13.10” 085o40’00.70” .19 706.1 700.0 697.3 2.7

4 08-24-00 42o

27’13.03” 085o40’00.84” .25 706.1 703.6 701.2 2.4

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.88” 085o

39’57.78” 0 706.2 706.2 697.1 9.1

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.84” 085o

39’57.85” .66 706.2 703.6 696.7 6.9

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.77” 085o39’57.96” .79 706.2 703.1 696.0 7.1

Table A1. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at transect 

data points in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, 

Michigan -- Continued

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; ft/s, feet per 

second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2A) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total 

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
35

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.66” 085o

39’58.10” 0.85 706.2 702.5 697.5 5.0

5 08-21-00 42o

27’11.59” 085o39’58.21” .94 706.2 702.0 697.8 4.2

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.52” 085o

39’58.32” 1.05 706.2 701.9 697.7 4.2

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.41” 085o39’58.43” 1.24 706.2 701.6 697.5 4.1

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.38” 085o39’58.57” 1.10 706.2 700.4 697.4 3.0

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.30” 085o

39’58.64” 1.02 706.2 699.8 697.7 2.1

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.23” 085o

39’58.72” 1.00 706.2 699.2 697.2 2.0

5 08-21-00 42o

27’11.16” 085o39’58.82” .87 706.2 698.9 697.4 1.5

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.09” 085o39’58.93” .54 706.2 699.7 697.8 1.9

5 08-21-00 42o27’11.02” 085o

39’59.04” .20 706.2 701.4 698.4 3.0

5 08-21-00 42o

27’10.94” 085o39’59.15” 0 706.2 702.5 699.2 3.3

5 08-21-00 42o

27’10.90” 085o39’59.20” 0 706.2 706.2 706.2 0

6 08-21-00 42o

27’10.66” 085o39’52.20” 0 706.2 706.2 698.7 7.5

6 08-21-00 42o27’10.55” 085o39’52.16” .48 706.2 703.0 698.5 4.5

6 08-21-00 42o

27’10.44” 085o39’52.13” .70 706.2 701.9 698.4 3.5

6 08-21-00 42o

27’10.37” 085o39’52.09” .89 706.2 701.7 698.4 3.3

6 08-21-00 42o

27’10.26” 085o39’52.09” 1.26 706.2 701.6 698.3 3.3

6 08-21-00 42o27’10.15” 085o39’52.06” 1.28 706.2 701.6 698.5 3.1

6 08-21-00 42o27’10.08” 085o39’52.02” 1.28 706.2 701.5 698.1 3.4

6 08-21-00 42o

27’09.97” 085o39’51.98” 1.26 706.2 701.5 698.1 3.4

6 08-21-00 42o

27’09.90” 085o39’51.98” 1.39 706.2 701.4 697.8 3.6

6 08-21-00 42o

27’09.79” 085o39’51.95” 1.28 706.2 700.3 697.7 2.6

6 08-21-00 42o

27’09.68” 085o39’51.91” .74 706.2 700.1 697.5 2.6

6 08-21-00 42o27’09.58” 085o39’51.88” .74 706.2 699.6 697.8 1.8

6 08-21-00 42o

27’09.47” 085o39’51.88” .84 706.2 700.1 697.4 2.7

6 08-21-00 42o

27’09.36” 085o39’51.84” .48 706.2 700.4 697.2 3.2

6 08-21-00 42o

27’09.25” 085o39’51.80” .40 706.2 701.5 697.8 3.7

6 08-21-00 42o27’09.15” 085o39’51.76” 0 706.2 706.2 706.2 0

7 08-22-00 42o

27’11.99” 085o39’45.97” 0 706.3 706.3 698.8 7.5

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.92” 085o

39’45.90” 0 706.3 705.3 700.0 5.3

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.84” 085o

39’45.83” 1.40 706.3 705.3 699.8 5.5

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.74” 085o39’45.72” .42 706.3 704.3 699.5 4.8

Table A1. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at transect 

data points in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, 

Michigan -- Continued

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; ft/s, feet per 

second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2A) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total 

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
36

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.66” 085o

39’45.61” 0.65 706.3 703.3 699.3 4.0

7 08-22-00 42o

27’11.56” 085o39’45.58” .89 706.3 702.8 699.1 3.7

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.48” 085o

39’45.50” 1.02 706.3 702.2 698.7 3.5

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.41” 085o39’45.40” 1.09 706.3 701.3 699.1 2.2

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.30” 085o39’45.32” 1.22 706.3 700.8 699.3 1.5

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.23” 085o

39’45.25” 1.28 706.3 699.9 699.1 .8

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.16” 085o

39’45.18” 1.21 706.3 699.6 699.0 .6

7 08-22-00 42o

27’11.09” 085o39’45.11” 1.04 706.3 699.9 699.2 .7

7 08-22-00 42o27’11.02” 085o39’45.04” .88 706.3 700.1 699.7 .4

7 08-22-00 42o

27’10.91” 085o39’44.96” .70 706.3 700.6 699.8 .8

7 08-22-00 42o

27’10.80” 085o39’44.86” .47 706.3 701.3 699.9 1.4

7 08-22-00 42o

27’10.73” 085o39’44.82” 0 706.3 706.3 700.3 6.0

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.96” 085o39’39.46” 0 706.3 706.3 700.3 6.0

8 08-22-00 42o27’17.89” 085o39’39.46” .52 706.3 704.3 700.1 4.2

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.82” 085o39’39.35” .82 706.3 703.5 701.1 2.4

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.75” 085o39’39.28” 1.20 706.3 702.8 702.8 0

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.68” 085o39’39.17” 1.67 706.3 701.3 701.3 0

8 08-22-00 42o27’17.60” 085o39’39.10” 1.62 706.3 701.3 700.5 .8

8 08-22-00 42o27’17.53” 085o39’39.02” 1.55 706.3 701.8 701.2 .6

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.42” 085o39’38.92” 1.42 706.3 702.5 700.9 1.6

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.32” 085o39’38.81” 1.28 706.3 703.3 700.5 2.8

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.24” 085o39’38.70” 1.07 706.3 703.3 700.6 2.7

8 08-22-00 42o

27’17.17” 085o39’38.63” .68 706.3 703.8 701.0 2.8

8 8-22-00 42o27’17.06” 085o39’38.52” .41 706.3 703.8 699.9 3.9

8 08-22-00 42o

27’16.96” 085o39’38.41” .26 706.3 703.6 699.3 4.3

8 08-22-00 42o

27’16.88” 085o39’38.30” .68 706.3 703.3 698.9 4.4

8 08-22-00 42o

27’16.74” 085o39’38.20” 0 706.3 706.3 699.3 7.0

9 08-23-00 42o27’20.81” 085o39’27.72” .33 706.4 704.5 703.5 1.0

9 08-22-00 42o

27’20.74” 085o39’27.76” .18 706.4 702.5 702.5 0

9 08-22-00 42o

27’20.66” 085o39’27.76” .37 706.4 701.6 701.1 .5

9 08-22-00 42o

27’20.59” 085o39’27.79” .54 706.4 701.4 700.0 1.4

9 08-22-00 42o27’20.48” 085o39’27.86” .93 706.4 701.4 700.3 1.1

Table A1. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at transect 

data points in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, 

Michigan -- Continued

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; ft/s, feet per 

second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2A) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total 

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
37

9 08-22-00 42o

27’20.41” 085o39’27.90” 1.21 706.4 701.7 700.6 1.1

9 08-22-00 42o

27’20.30” 085o39’27.90” 1.66 706.4 701.9 701.3 .6

9 08-22-00 42o

27’20.20” 085o39’27.94” 1.86 706.4 701.9 701.4 .5

9 08-22-00 42o27’20.12” 085o39’27.97” 2.06 706.4 702.4 702.4 0

9 08-22-00 42o27’20.02” 085o39’28.01” 1.34 706.4 702.5 702.5 0

9 08-22-00 42o

27’19.91” 085o39’28.04” 1.60 706.4 702.9 702.4 .5

9 08-22-00 42o

27’19.80” 085o39’28.08” .96 706.4 703.0 702.6 .4

9 08-22-00 42o

27’19.69” 085o39’28.12” .54 706.4 703.2 702.4 .8

9 08-22-00 42o27’19.58” 085o39’28.15” .26 706.4 703.4 702.4 1.0

9 08-22-00 42o

27’19.48” 085o39’28.19” 0 706.4 706.4 702.6 3.8

10 08-23-00 42o

27’19.55” 085o39’20.20” 0 706.6 706.6 703.8 2.8

10 08-23-00 42o

27’19.48” 085o39’20.30” .65 706.6 703.6 703.3 .3

10 08-23-00 42o

27’19.37” 085o39’20.41” .65 706.6 704.8 704.2 .6

10 08-23-00 42o27’19.22” 085o39’20.59” 1.15 706.6 704.1 703.6 .5

10 08-23-00 42o

27’19.08” 085o39’20.74” 1.49 706.6 704.1 703.4 .7

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.97” 085o39’20.81” 1.96 706.6 704.3 703.1 1.2

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.90” 085o39’20.95” 3.06 706.6 703.1 703.1 0

10 08-23-00 42o27’18.76” 085o39’21.06” 2.70 706.6 703.1 703.1 0

10 08-23-00 42o27’18.65” 085o39’21.17” 2.00 706.6 702.8 702.8 0

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.58” 085o39’21.28” 1.02 706.6 703.1 702.9 .2

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.50” 085o39’21.38” .44 706.6 705.1 703.5 1.6

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.40” 085o39’2153” 1.03 706.6 704.6 703.5 1.1

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.32” 085o39’21.60” 1.32 706.6 703.6 703.6 0

10 08-23-00 42o27’18.22” 085o39’21.71” 3.17 706.6 703.4 703.4 0

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.11” 085o39’21.82” 1.90 706.6 703.6 703.3 .3

10 08-23-00 42o

27’18.04” 085o39’21.89” 0 706.6 706.6 703.8 2.8

Table A1. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at transect 

data points in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, 

Michigan -- Continued

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; ft/s, feet per 

second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2A) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total 

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
38

Table A2. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviation: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2B) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)

1 09-05-00 42o27’55.08” 085o44’52.08” 0 673.1 673.1 668.1 5.0

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.90” 085o44’52.19” .27 673.1 665.6 660.6 5.0

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.79” 085o44’52.30” .59 673.1 663.1 660.1 3.0

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.68” 085o44’52.40” .76 673.1 663.9 659.8 4.1

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.54” 085o44’52.51” .86 673.1 666.1 660.1 6.0 

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.43” 085o44’52.62” .83 673.1 667.8 660.6 7.2

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.29” 085o44’52.73” .96 673.1 668.9 661.1 7.8

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.14” 085o44’52.84” .97 673.1 669.6 661.6 8.0

1 09-05-00 42o27’54.00” 085o44’52.94” .98 673.1 669.7 661.9 7.8

1 09-05-00 42o27’53.89” 085o44’53.05” 1.07 673.1 669.8 662.1 7.7

1 09-05-00 42o27’53.78” 085o44’53.16” 1.11 673.1 669.9 662.3 7.6

1 09-05-00 42o27’53.64” 085o44’53.23” 1.10 673.1 670.1 662.8 7.3

1 09-05-00 42o27’53.57” 085o44’53.34” 1.05 673.1 670.4 663.3 7.1

1 09-05-00 42o27’53.42” 085o44’53.45” 1.08 673.1 670.8 665.6 5.2

1 09-05-00 42o27’53.32” 085o44’53.52” .81 673.1 671.1 666.6 4.5

1 09-05-00 42o27’53.21” 085o44’53.66” 0 673.1 673.1 665.1 8.0

2 09-07-00 42o27’53.96” 085o44’49.38” 0 673.1 673.1 673.1 0

2 09-07-00 42o27’53.86” 085o44’49.45” .23 673.1 670.5 663.6 6.9

2 09-07-00 42o27’53.78” 085o44’49.52” .50 673.1 669.5 664.0 5.5

2 09-07-00 42o27’53.64” 085o44’49.63” .82 673.1 669.0 660.9 8.1

2 09-07-00 42o27’53.53” 085o44’49.74” .81 673.1 668.7 660.5 8.2

2 09-07-00 42o27’53.39” 085o44’49.84” .95 673.1 669.1 661.0 8.1

2 09-07-00 42o27’53.24” 085o44’49.96” .96 673.1 669.2 660.5 8.7

2 09-07-00 42o

27’53.10” 085o44’50.10” 1.03 673.1 669.4 661.6 7.8

2 09-07-00 42o27’52.99” 085o44’50.17” 1.02 673.1 669.5 662.2 7.3

2 09-07-00 42o

27’52.85” 085o44’50.28” .95 673.1 669.7 662.8 6.9

2 09-07-00 42o

27’52.74” 085o44’50.39” 1.18 673.1 669.8 664.0 5.8

2 09-07-00 42o27’52.60” 085o44’50.50” 1.19 673.1 669.8 663.5 6.3

2 09-07-00 42o27’52.49” 085o44’50.60” 1.00 673.1 670.0 661.7 8.3

2 09-07-00 42o27’52.38” 085o44’50.68” .66 673.1 670.1 662.9 7.2

2 09-07-00 42o27’52.27” 085o44’50.78” 0 673.1 673.1 663.3 9.8

3 09-05-00 42o

27’52.86” 085o44’46.57” 0 673.1 673.1 669.1 4.0
39

3 09-05-00 42o27’52.74” 085o44’46.68” 0.25 673.1 672.1 667.6 4.5

3 09-05-00 42o27’52.56” 085o44’46.86” .36 673.1 672.1 664.1 8.0

3 09-05-00 42o27’52.42” 085o44’46.97” .55 673.1 672.4 662.8 9.6

3 09-05-00 42o27’52.31” 085o44’47.08” .89 673.1 672.1 661.3 10.8

3 09-05-00 42o27’52.16” 085o44’47.22” .81 673.1 671.6 659.8 11.8

3 09-05-00 42o27’51.98” 085o44’47.36” 1.01 673.1 671.1 660.6 10.5

3 09-05-00 42o27’51.80” 085o44’47.54” 1.02 673.1 670.1 660.1 10.0

3 09-05-00 42o27’51.62” 085o44’47.65” 1.04 673.1 669.4 660.1 9.3

3 09-05-00 42o27’51.48” 085o44’47.83” 1.15 673.1 669.6 660.1 9.5

3 09-05-00 42o27’51.34” 085o44’47.98” 1.42 673.1 669.5 662.1 7.4

3 09-05-00 42o27’51.19” 085o44’48.12” 1.62 673.1 669.1 664.6 4.5

3 09-05-00 42o27’51.05” 085o44’48.23” 1.68 673.1 669.6 666.1 3.5

3 09-05-00 42o27’50.90” 085o44’48.37” 1.21 673.1 669.1 665.9 3.2

3 09-05-00 42o27’50.76” 085o44’48.55” 0 673.1 673.1 666.1 7.0

4 09-07-00 42o27’51.08” 085o44’44.05” 0 673.4 673.4 668.9 4.5

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.83” 085o44’44.38” .37 673.4 672.6 664.8 7.8

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.72” 085o44’44.52” .94 673.4 672.1 664.5 7.6

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.62” 085o44’44.66” .77 673.4 672.0 664.3 7.7

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.47” 085o44’44.81” .91 673.4 671.8 663.3 8.5

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.36” 085o44’44.95” .95 673.4 671.8 662.8 9.0

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.22” 085o44’45.10” .72 673.4 671.9 662.6 9.3

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.11” 085o44’45.24” .69 673.4 671.7 662.2 9.5

4 09-07-00 42o27’50.00” 085o44’45.38” .85 673.4 671.8 661.5 10.3

4 09-07-00 42o

27’49.90” 085o44’45.49” 1.05 673.4 670.7 661.0 9.7

4 09-07-00 42o27’49.79” 085o44’45.71” 1.19 673.4 670.1 660.6 9.5

4 09-07-00 42o

27’49.64” 085o44’45.82” 1.32 673.4 669.5 661.2 8.3

4 09-07-00 42o

27’49.54” 085o44’45.96” 1.54 673.4 669.2 662.5 6.7

4 09-07-00 42o27’49.39” 085o44’46.14” 1.61 673.4 668.8 664.4 4.4

4 09-07-00 42o27’49.25” 085o44’46.28” 0 673.4 673.4 669.6 3.8

5 09-06-00 42o27’48.19” 085o44’39.62” 0 673.4 673.4 666.2 7.2

5 09-06-00 42o27’48.10” 085o44’39.77” .67 673.4 672.2 666.2 6.0

5 09-06-00 42o

27’47.92” 085o44’40.02” 1.11 673.4 670.9 665.6 5.3

Table A2. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviation: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2B) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
40

5 09-06-00 42o27’47.77” 085o44’40.13” 1.29 673.4 671.4 665.6 5.8

5 09-06-00 42o27’47.63” 085o44’40.34” 1.38 673.4 671.5 665.4 6.1

5 09-06-00 42o27’47.48” 085o44’40.49” 1.25 673.4 671.6 664.4 7.2

5 09-06-00 42o27’47.34” 085o44’40.67” 1.22 673.4 671.3 664.4 6.9

5 09-06-00 42o27’47.23” 085o44’40.81” 1.37 673.4 671.4 664.2 7.2

5 09-06-00 42o27’47.09” 085o44’40.96” 1.43 673.4 670.9 662.9 8.0

5 09-06-00 42o27’46.94” 085o44’41.17” 1.44 673.4 670.6 661.8 8.8

5 09-06-00 42o27’46.84” 085o44’41.32” 1.50 673.4 670.5 661.6 8.9

5 09-06-00 42o27’46.69” 085o44’41.50” 1.58 673.4 670.6 661.2 9.4

5 09-06-00 42o27’46.51” 085o44’41.64” .82 673.4 670.7 660.9 9.8

5 09-06-00 42o27’46.37” 085o44’41.82” .43 673.4 671.9 661.9 10.0

5 09-06-00 42o27’46.22” 085o44’42.07” .43 673.4 671.4 658.6 12.8

5 09-06-00 42o27’46.08” 085o44’42.22” 0 673.4 673.4 666.9 6.5

6 09-07-00 42o27’44.82” 085o44’35.84” 0 673.4 673.4 673.4 0

6 09-07-00 42o27’44.75” 085o44’35.95” .80 673.4 669.3 664.6 4.7

6 09-07-00 42o27’44.60” 085o44’36.10” 1.02 673.4 669.8 662.8 7.0

6 09-07-00 42o27’44.46” 085o44’36.24” 1.18 673.4 669.9 662.8 7.1

6 09-07-00 42o27’44.32” 085o44’36.24” 1.18 673.4 669.8 663.3 6.5

6 09-07-00 42o27’44.21” 085o44’36.60” 1.26 673.4 670.3 663.6 6.7

6 09-07-00 42o27’44.06” 085o44’36.78” 1.26 673.4 670.4 663.6 6.8

6 09-07-00 42o27’43.92” 085o44’36.92” 1.16 673.4 670.6 663.9 6.7

6 09-07-00 42o27’43.81” 085o44’37.07” 1.01 673.4 671.0 663.6 7.4

6 09-07-00 42o27’43.70” 085o44’37.25” .67 673.4 671.3 663.2 8.1

6 09-07-00 42o

27’43.60” 085o44’37.36” .51 673.4 671.8 663.8 8.0

6 09-07-00 42o27’43.45” 085o44’37.50” .45 673.4 672.1 663.3 8.8

6 09-07-00 42o

27’43.34” 085o44’37.64” .17 673.4 672.0 663.5 8.5

6 09-07-00 42o

27’43.24” 085o44’37.79” .17 673.4 671.5 663.2 8.3

6 09-07-00 42o27’43.09” 085o44’37.97” 0 673.4 673.4 663.4 10.0

7 09-06-00 42o27’41.54” 085o44’30.91” 0 673.4 673.4 663.2 10.2

7 09-06-00 42o27’41.44” 085o44’31.16” 1.18 673.4 667.9 662.4 5.5

7 09-06-00 42o27’41.33” 085o44’31.31” 1.24 673.4 668.4 663.0 5.4

7 09-06-00 42o

27’41.22” 085o44’31.49” 1.32 673.4 668.8 663.6 5.2

Table A2. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviation: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2B) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
41

7 09-06-00 42o27’41.11” 085o44’31.67” 1.48 673.4 669.4 664.4 5.0

7 09-06-00 42o27’41.04” 085o44’31.85” 1.53 673.4 669.9 665.0 4.9

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.90” 085o44’32.03” 1.40 673.4 670.5 665.2 5.3

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.79” 085o44’32.24” 1.14 673.4 671.5 665.2 6.3

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.68” 085o44’32.42” 1.02 673.4 672.3 664.6 7.7

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.61” 085o44’32.60” .58 673.4 672.8 664.9 7.9

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.50” 085o44’32.78” .55 673.4 672.7 664.9 7.8

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.39” 085o44’32.96” .40 673.4 672.9 665.4 7.5

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.28” 085o44’33.14” .57 673.4 672.8 665.4 7.4

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.18” 085o44’33.32” .43 673.4 671.7 666.6 5.1

7 09-06-00 42o27’40.10” 085o44’33.50” 0 673.4 673.4 667.2 6.2

8 09-08-00 42o27’34.60” 085o44’25.87” 0 674.1 674.1 668.9 5.2

8 09-08-00 42o27’34.45” 085o44’26.05” .81 674.1 670.5 669.0 1.5

8 09-08-00 42o27’34.31” 085o44’26.23” 1.09 674.1 671.1 668.5 2.6

8 09-08-00 42o27’34.20” 085o44’26.23” 1.16 674.1 671.5 667.1 4.4

8 09-08-00 42o27’34.09” 085o44’26.48” 1.40 674.1 671.0 665.2 5.8

8 09-08-00 42o27’33.95” 085o44’26.66” 1.33 674.1 670.0 665.0 5.0

8 09-08-00 42o27’33.80” 085o44’26.81” 1.10 674.1 669.5 664.8 4.7

8 09-08-00 42o27’33.70” 085o44’26.95” 1.06 674.1 670.0 664.5 5.5

8 09-08-00 42o27’33.55” 085o44’27.17” 1.28 674.1 670.3 663.9 6.4

8 09-08-00 42o27’33.44” 085o44’27.35” 1.51 674.1 670.3 663.8 6.5

8 09-08-00 42o27’33.30” 085o44’27.49” 1.19 674.1 670.5 663.6 6.9

8 09-08-00 42o27’33.19” 085o44’27.67” .60 674.1 670.8 661.8 9.0

8 09-08-00 42o

27’33.01” 085o44’27.89” .28 674.1 671.7 662.9 8.8

8 09-08-00 42o27’32.87” 085o44’28.07” 0 674.1 674.1 674.1 0

8 09-08-00 42o

27’32.67” 085o44’28.27” 0 674.1 674.1 660.1 14.0

9 10-04-00 42o

27’29.74” 085o44’18.13” 0 674.1 674.1 667.1 7.0

9 10-04-00 42o27’29.63” 085o44’18.24” .42 674.1 673.3 665.0 8.3

9 10-04-00 42o27’29.48” 085o44’18.35” 1.01 674.1 672.5 665.2 7.3

9 10-04-00 42o27’29.38” 085o44’18.46” 1.36 674.1 672.0 669.5 2.5

9 10-04-00 42o27’29.27” 085o44’18.56” 1.44 674.1 671.7 670.5 1.2

9 10-04-00 42o

27’29.16” 085o44’18.71” 1.68 674.1 671.5 670.5 1.0

Table A2. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviation: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2B) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
42

9 10-04-00 42o27’29.05” 085o44’18.82” 1.65 674.1 670.7 670.3 0.4

9 10-04-00 42o27’28.91” 085o44’18.92” 1.85 674.1 670.7 670.5 .2

9 10-04-00 42o27’28.76” 085o44’19.07” 1.75 674.1 670.8 668.0 2.8

9 10-04-00 42o27’28.62” 085o44’19.21” 1.67 674.1 671.0 669.5 1.5

9 10-04-00 42o27’28.51” 085o44’19.32” 1.77 674.1 670.3 668.7 1.6

9 10-04-00 42o27’28.40” 085o44’19.46” 1.78 674.1 669.1 668.5 .6

9 10-04-00 42o27’28.22” 085o44’19.61” 1.47 674.1 669.5 669.5 0

9 10-04-00 42o27’28.08” 085o44’19.75” .73 674.1 672.2 671.7 .5

9 10-04-00 42o27’27.97” 085o44’19.86” 0 674.1 674.1 674.1 0

10 10-04-00 42o27’27.72” 085o44’08.95” 0 674.1 674.1 669.1 5.0

10 10-04-00 42o27’27.54” 085o44’08.92” .46 674.1 671.8 668.5 3.3

10 10-04-00 42o27’27.40” 085o44’08.88” 1.29 674.1 671.0 668.8 2.2

10 10-04-00 42o27’27.22” 085o44’08.84” 1.82 674.1 670.6 668.7 1.9

10 10-04-00 42o27’27.04” 085o44’08.84” 2.10 674.1 671.0 669.0 2.0

10 10-04-00 42o27’26.89” 085o44’08.84” 2.00 674.1 671.3 669.7 1.6

10 10-04-00 42o27’26.75” 085o44’08.81” 1.90 674.1 670.9 668.7 2.2

10 10-04-00 42o27’26.57” 085o44’08.77” 1.57 674.1 671.0 669.0 2.0

10 10-04-00 42o27’26.42” 085o44’08.74” 1.76 674.1 670.5 668.0 2.5

10 10-04-00 42o27’26.32” 085o44’08.74” 1.58 674.1 670.5 667.7 2.8

10 10-04-00 42o27’26.17” 085o44’08.70” 1.42 674.1 670.5 668.5 2.0

10 10-04-00 42o27’26.06” 085o44’08.70” 1.30 674.1 670.5 668.7 1.8

10 10-04-00 42o27’25.88” 085o44’08.63” 1.16 674.1 670.5 667.7 2.8

10 10-04-00 42o27’25.70” 085o44’08.63” 1.38 674.1 670.5 668.5 2.0

10 10-04-00 42o

27’25.52” 085o44’08.59” .52 674.1 671.2 668.3 2.9

11 10-04-00 42o27’29.05” 085o43’58.87” 0 674.2 674.2 668.0 6.2

11 10-04-00 42o

27’28.98” 085o43’58.80” .39 674.2 672.2 667.6 4.6

11 10-04-00 42o

27’28.91” 085o43’58.73” .70 674.2 672.2 667.6 4.6

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.80” 085o43’58.66” 1.18 674.2 672.2 666.9 5.3

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.69” 085o43’58.55” 1.47 674.2 671.7 666.1 5.6

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.58” 085o43’58.40” 1.85 674.2 671.1 666.3 4.8

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.48” 085o43’58.33” 2.06 674.2 670.6 666.8 3.8

11 10-04-00 42o

27’28.37” 085o43’58.22” 2.04 674.2 670.1 666.4 3.7

Table A2. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviation: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2B) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
43

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.30” 085o43’58.15” 1.97 674.2 669.4 664.6 4.8

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.22” 085o43’58.08” 2.08 674.2 668.8 664.8 4.0

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.12” 085o43’57.97” 2.10 674.2 668.2 665.4 2.8

11 10-04-00 42o27’28.01” 085o43’57.86” 1.79 674.2 667.1 664.6 2.5

11 10-04-00 42o27’27.94” 085o43’57.83” 1.66 674.2 666.2 665.2 1.0

11 10-04-00 42o27’27.83” 085o43’57.72” 1.64 674.2 666.4 665.8 .6

11 10-04-00 42o27’27.72” 085o43’57.61” 0 674.2 674.2 666.2 8.0

12 10-05-00 42o27’35.03” 085o43’49.15” 0 674.2 674.2 669.7 4.5

12 10-05-00 42o27’34.88” 085o43’49.12” .30 674.2 671.6 670.0 1.6

12 10-05-00 42o27’34.74” 085o43’49.04” .73 674.2 670.1 670.1 0

12 10-05-00 42o27’34.60” 085o43’49.04” 1.20 674.2 670.8 670.8 0

12 10-05-00 42o27’34.42” 085o43’49.01” 1.79 674.2 670.6 670.6 0

12 10-05-00 42o27’34.24” 085o43’48.97” 1.81 674.2 670.6 670.6 0

12 10-05-00 42o27’34.09” 085o43’48.94” 2.10 674.2 670.6 670.6 0

12 10-05-00 42o27’33.91” 085o43’48.90” 2.07 674.2 670.3 670.3 0

12 10-05-00 42o27’33.73” 085o43’48.86” 2.08 674.2 670.6 670.6 0

12 10-05-00 42o27’33.62” 085o43’48.79” 2.03 674.2 670.5 670.3 .2

12 10-05-00 42o27’33.30” 085o43’48.76” 1.91 674.2 671.6 670.3 1.3

12 10-05-00 42o27’33.44” 085o43’48.79” 1.58 674.2 672.5 670.8 1.7

12 10-05-00 42o27’33.16” 085o43’48.72” 1.37 674.2 673.1 671.3 1.8

12 10-05-00 42o27’33.05” 085o43’48.68” 1.00 674.2 673.6 668.8 4.8

12 10-05-00 42o27’32.90” 085o43’48.68” 0 674.2 674.2 669.2 5.0

Table A2. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Otsego impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviation: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2B) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness 

of

sediment

(ft)
44

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2C) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness of

sediment

(ft)

1 10-24-00 42o28’59.74” 085o47’44.84” 0 656.5 656.5 656.5 0

1 10-24-00 42o28’59.59” 085o47’44.88” .36 656.5 655.3 655.3 0

1 10-24-00 42o28’59.45” 085o

47’44.84” .66 656.5 655.5 655.5 0

1 10-24-00 42o

28’59.30” 085o47’44.84” .48 656.5 655.3 655.3 0

1 10-24-00 42o28’59.16” 085o

47’44.84” .16 656.5 654.6 654.1 0.5

1 10-24-00 42o28’59.02” 085o47’44.84” .39 656.5 655.5 654.5 1.0

1 10-24-00 42o

28’58.87” 085o47’44.81” .47 656.5 653.3 652.5 .8

1 10-24-00 42o28’58.73” 085o

47’44.81” 1.17 656.5 651.9 650.5 1.4

1 10-24-00 42o

28’58.55” 085o47’44.84” 1.37 656.5 650.0 649.5 .5

1 10-24-00 42o28’58.40” 085o

47’44.84” 1.59 656.5 649.5 649.5 0

1 10-24-00 42o28’58.26” 085o47’44.81” 1.44 656.5 648.0 648.0 0

1 10-24-00 42o28’58.12” 085o

47’44.81” 1.43 656.5 648.0 648.0 0

1 10-24-00 42o

28’57.94” 085o47’44.81” .92 656.5 649.0 648.4 .6

1 10-24-00 42o28’57.79” 085o

47’44.81” .45 656.5 652.0 651.0 1.0

1 10-24-00 42o28’57.61” 085o47’44.81” .34 656.5 653.0 652.0 1.0

1 10-24-00 42o28’57.47” 085o

47’44.81” 0 656.5 656.5 656.5 0

2 10-05-00 42o29’00.06” 085o

47’41.46” 0 656.5 656.5 653.5 3.0

2 10-05-00 42o28’59.81” 085o

47’41.46” .11 656.5 654.8 653.3 1.5

2 10-05-00 42o28’59.56” 085o

47’41.46” .59 656.5 651.1 652.3 1.8

2 10-05-00 42o28’59.30” 085o47’41.46” .77 656.5 652.2 651.3 .9

2 10-05-00 42o28’59.05” 085o47’41.46” 1.16 656.5 651.0 647.3 3.7

2 10-05-00 42o28’58.80” 085o

47’41.46” 1.76 656.5 649.8 644.4 5.4

2 10-05-00 42o28’58.55” 085o

47’41.46” 1.76 656.5 650.8 639.8 11.0

2 10-05-00 42o

28’58.30” 085o47’41.46” 1.43 656.5 651.8 639.8 12.0

2 10-05-00 42o28’58.08” 085o47’41.42” 1.36 656.5 652.2 639.8 12.4

2 10-05-00 42o

28’57.86” 085o47’41.42” 1.01 656.5 652.8 639.8 13.0

2 10-05-00 42o

28’57.61” 085o47’41.42” .22 656.5 656.1 641.0 15.1

2 10-05-00 42o28’57.43” 085o

47’41.42” 0 656.5 655.9 642.0 13.9

2 10-05-00 42o28’57.22” 085o47’41.42” 0 656.5 655.8 644.8 11.0

2 10-05-00 42o28’57.00” 085o47’41.42” 0 656.5 655.9 648.6 7.3

2 10-05-00 42o28’56.80” 085o

47’41.42” 0 656.5 656.5 656.5 0

3 10-24-00 42o

29’00.92” 085o47’38.54” 0 656.5 656.5 654.3 2.2
45

3 10-24-00 42o29’00.74” 085o47’38.54” 0.47 656.5 656.0 654.3 1.7

3 10-24-00 42o29’00.53” 085o47’38.51” .47 656.5 655.4 652.9 2.5

3 10-24-00 42o29’00.31” 085o

47’38.51” .81 656.5 655.0 652.7 2.3

3 10-24-00 42o

29’00.06” 085o47’38.51” 1.07 656.5 653.0 653.0 0

3 10-24-00 42o28’59.88” 085o

47’38.47” 1.40 656.5 650.4 649.5 0.9

3 10-24-00 42o28’59.63” 085o47’38.47” 1.50 656.5 651.0 649.0 2.0

3 10-24-00 42o

28’59.45” 085o47’38.47” 1.33 656.5 652.4 648.0 4.4

3 10-24-00 42o28’59.23” 085o

47’38.44” 1.05 656.5 652.9 645.0 7.9

3 10-24-00 42o

28’58.98” 085o47’38.47” .89 656.5 654.0 642.2 11.8

3 10-24-00 42o28’58.73” 085o

47’38.44” 0 656.5 656.0 642.0 14.0

3 10-24-00 42o28’58.51” 085o47’38.44” 0 656.5 656.5 641.0 15.5

3 10-24-00 42o28’58.26” 085o

47’38.47” 0 656.5 656.0 640.0 16.0

3 10-24-00 42o

28’58.08” 085o47’38.44” 0 656.5 656.0 641.0 15.0

3 10-24-00 42o28’57.86” 085o

47’38.44” 0 656.5 656.0 643.0 13.0

3 10-24-00 42o28’57.22” 085o47’38.44” 0 656.5 656.5 656.0 .5

4 10-06-00 42o29’01.64” 085o

47’35.09” 0 656.5 656.5 654.0 2.5

4 10-06-00 42o29’01.50” 085o

47’35.05” .28 656.5 655.1 653.6 1.5

4 10-06-00 42o29’01.32” 085o

47’35.05” .46 656.5 653.3 651.6 1.7

4 10-06-00 42o29’01.18” 085o

47’35.05” .98 656.5 652.4 651.1 1.3

4 10-06-00 42o29’01.00” 085o47’35.09” 1.15 656.5 652.6 651.1 1.5

4 10-06-00 42o29’00.82” 085o47’35.05” 1.34 656.5 652.8 651.1 1.7

4 10-06-00 42o29’00.67” 085o

47’35.05” 1.51 656.5 651.6 650.9 .7

4 10-06-00 42o29’00.53” 085o

47’35.05” 1.53 656.5 650.1 649.6 .5

4 10-06-00 42o

29’00.35” 085o47’35.05” 1.47 656.5 650.9 650.0 .9

4 10-06-00 42o29’00.13” 085o47’35.05” 1.60 656.5 651.6 650.2 1.4

4 10-06-00 42o

28’59.95” 085o47’35.05” 1.56 656.5 652.5 647.0 5.5

4 10-06-00 42o

28’59.77” 085o47’35.02” 1.48 656.5 653.2 645.6 7.6

4 10-06-00 42o28’59.59” 085o

47’35.02” 1.19 656.5 654.2 645.3 8.9

4 10-06-00 42o28’59.45” 085o47’35.02” .81 656.5 654.9 640.6 14.3

4 10-06-00 42o28’59.30” 085o47’35.02” 0 656.5 656.5 640.0 16.5

5 10-24-00 42o29’00.85” 085o

47’28.93” 0 656.6 656.6 656.6 0

5 10-24-00 42o

29’00.38” 085o47’29.18” 0 656.6 655.8 652.5 3.3

5 10-24-00 42o

29’00.28” 085o47’29.22” .13 656.6 655.1 648.6 6.5

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2C) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness of

sediment

(ft)
46

5 10-24-00 42o29’00.17” 085o47’29.29” 0.28 656.6 651.5 646.7 4.8

5 10-24-00 42o29’00.02” 085o47’29.33” .42 656.6 651.6 645.2 6.4

5 10-24-00 42o28’59.84” 085o

47’29.40” .53 656.6 651.5 644.9 6.6

5 10-24-00 42o

28’59.70” 085o47’29.44” .58 656.6 651.4 643.6 7.8

5 10-24-00 42o28’59.56” 085o

47’29.51” .73 656.6 650.6 643.3 7.3

5 10-24-00 42o28’59.38” 085o47’29.62” 1.00 656.6 649.9 643.9 6.0

5 10-24-00 42o

28’59.23” 085o47’29.65” 1.11 656.6 649.7 645.1 4.6

5 10-24-00 42o28’59.12” 085o

47’29.72” 1.30 656.6 649.5 645.4 4.1

5 10-24-00 42o

28’58.94” 085o47’29.76” 1.20 656.6 649.8 646.4 3.4

5 10-24-00 42o28’58.76” 085o

47’29.87” 1.39 656.6 650.1 647.1 3.0

5 10-24-00 42o28’58.62” 085o47’29.94” .81 656.6 650.5 647.1 3.4

5 10-24-00 42o28’58.40” 085o

47’30.01” .25 656.6 653.7 646.8 6.9

5 10-24-00 42o

28’58.30” 085o47’30.12” 0 656.6 656.6 647.6 9.0

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.71” 085o

47’23.89” 0 656.7 656.7 651.7 5.0

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.68” 085o47’24.04” 0 656.7 656.3 650.3 6.0

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.64” 085o

47’24.22” .22 656.7 656.0 649.6 6.4

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.57” 085o

47’24.47” .82 656.7 653.6 646.6 7.0

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.50” 085o

47’24.76” 1.22 656.7 652.7 645.3 7.4

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.39” 085o

47’25.08” 1.20 656.7 653.7 641.8 11.9

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.35” 085o47’25.33” 1.07 656.7 654.1 642.0 12.1

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.28” 085o47’25.58” 1.19 656.7 654.6 642.3 12.3

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.21” 085o

47’25.91” 1.17 656.7 655.0 641.3 13.7

6 10-06-00 42o28’56.14” 085o

47’26.16” 1.32 656.7 654.6 641.9 12.7

6 10-06-00 42o

28’56.10” 085o47’26.38” 1.50 656.7 654.0 641.3 12.7

6 10-06-00 42o28’55.99” 085o47’26.70” 1.51 656.7 652.8 641.3 11.5

6 10-06-00 42o

28’55.92” 085o47’27.02” 1.70 656.7 650.0 641.1 8.9

6 10-06-00 42o

28’55.85” 085o47’27.31” 1.26 656.7 648.3 648.3 0

6 10-06-00 42o28’55.81” 085o

47’27.56” 0 656.7 656.7 656.7 0

7 10-25-00 42o28’56.60” 085o47’19.72” 0 657.0 657.0 654.5 2.5

7 10-25-00 42o28’55.99” 085o47’19.57” .16 657.0 655.9 653.5 2.4

7 10-25-00 42o28’55.31” 085o

47’19.43” .59 657.0 656.2 650.5 5.7

7 10-25-00 42o

28’54.59” 085o47’19.21” 1.24 657.0 654.0 643.7 10.3

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2C) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness of

sediment

(ft)
47

7 10-25-00 42o28’53.94” 085o47’19.10” 1.58 657.0 653.0 643.0 10.0

7 10-25-00 42o28’53.26” 085o47’18.89” 1.48 657.0 654.3 642.5 11.8

7 10-25-00 42o28’52.57” 085o

47’18.74” 0 657.0 657.0 648.0 9.0

7 10-25-00 42o

28’51.82” 085o47’18.53” 0 657.0 656.5 649.5 7.0

7 10-25-00 42o28’51.20” 085o

47’18.38” 0 657.5 657.5 647.5 10.0

7 10-25-00 42o28’50.48” 085o47’18.17” 0 657.0 657.0 650.0 7.0

7 10-25-00 42o

28’49.80” 085o47’17.95” 0 657.0 657.0 650.0 7.0

7 10-25-00 42o28’49.15” 085o

47’17.81” 0 657.0 657.0 650.0 7.0

7 10-25-00 42o

28’48.50” 085o47’17.70” 0 657.0 657.0 651.2 5.8

7 10-25-00 42o28’47.64” 085o

47’17.48” .25 657.0 656.5 651.0 5.5

7 10-25-00 42o28’47.03” 085o47’17.27” 0 657.0 657.0 653.0 4.0

8 10-26-00 42o29’01.25” 085o

47’11.40” 0 657.0 657.0 653.0 4.0

8 10-26-00 42o

29’00.46” 085o47’10.93” 0 657.0 656.2 651.5 4.7

8 10-26-00 42o28’59.88” 085o

47’10.50” 0 657.0 656.2 649.3 6.9

8 10-26-00 42o28’59.09” 085o47’09.92” 0 657.0 656.5 650.5 6.0

8 10-26-00 42o28’58.33” 085o

47’09.42” 0 657.0 656.5 648.5 8.0

8 10-26-00 42o28’57.68” 085o

47’08.99” 0 657.0 657.0 648.5 8.5

8 10-26-00 42o28’56.96” 085o

47’08.56” .25 657.0 656.5 646.7 9.8

8 10-26-00 42o28’56.14” 085o

47’07.98” .50 657.0 656.5 646.5 10.0

8 10-26-00 42o28’55.45” 085o47’07.48” 0 657.0 657.0 646.2 10.8

8 10-26-00 42o28’54.59” 085o47’06.86” 1.12 657.0 656.0 645.5 10.5

8 10-26-00 42o28’53.83” 085o

47’06.40” 1.26 657.0 653.5 645.0 8.5

8 10-26-00 42o28’53.11” 085o

47’05.93” 1.49 657.0 653.0 647.5 5.5

8 10-26-00 42o

28’52.28” 085o47’05.35” .62 657.0 656.5 648.2 8.3

8 10-26-00 42o28’51.60” 085o47’04.85” 0 657.0 657.0 650.0 7.0

8 10-26-00 42o

28’51.02” 085o47’04.45” 0 657.0 657.0 653.5 3.5

9 10-25-00 42o

29’05.57” 085o47’00.85” 0 657.1 657.1 652.1 5.0

9 10-25-00 42o29’04.96” 085o

47’00.31” 0 657.1 657.1 652.9 4.2

9 10-25-00 42o29’04.38” 085o46’59.84” 0 657.1 656.6 651.1 5.5

9 10-25-00 42o29’03.77” 085o46’59.30” 0 657.1 656.6 650.6 6.0

9 10-25-00 42o29’03.01” 085o

46’58.76” 0 657.1 657.1 648.4 8.7

9 10-25-00 42o

29’02.47” 085o46’58.22” 0 657.1 657.1 649.3 7.8

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2C) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness of

sediment

(ft)
48

9 10-25-00 42o29’01.72” 085o46’57.65” 0 657.1 657.1 649.1 8.0

9 10-25-00 42o29’01.14” 085o46’57.22” 0 657.1 657.1 650.1 7.0

9 10-25-00 42o29’00.46” 085o

46’56.78” 0 657.1 657.1 646.6 10.5

9 10-25-00 42o

28’59.63” 085o46’56.14” 0.81 657.1 656.1 647.1 9.0

9 10-25-00 42o28’58.84” 085o

46’55.45” 0 657.1 657.1 647.2 9.9

9 10-25-00 42o28’58.30” 085o46’54.88” 1.22 657.1 655.2 649.6 5.6

9 10-25-00 42o

28’57.58” 085o46’54.41” 1.52 657.1 653.1 645.8 7.3

9 10-25-00 42o28’57.00” 085o

46’53.94” 1.32 657.1 654.1 642.6 11.5

9 10-25-00 42o

28’56.28” 085o46’53.40” 0 657.1 657.1 656.1 1.0

10 10-23-00 42o29’04.16” 085o

46’43.79” 0 657.1 657.1 651.1 6.0

10 10-23-00 42o29’04.02” 085o46’43.64” .18 657.1 653.9 650.6 3.3

10 10-23-00 42o29’03.84” 085o

46’43.57” 1.11 657.1 652.1 649.8 2.3

10 10-23-00 42o

29’03.70” 085o46’43.43” 1.12 657.1 651.8 648.9 2.9

10 10-23-00 42o29’03.52” 085o

46’43.36” 1.27 657.1 652.3 647.0 5.3

10 10-23-00 42o29’03.37” 085o46’43.25” 1.20 657.1 652.1 645.6 6.5

10 10-23-00 42o29’03.19” 085o

46’43.10” 1.21 657.1 652.4 645.6 6.8

10 10-23-00 42o29’02.94” 085o

46’42.96” .66 657.1 652.4 647.1 5.3

10 10-23-00 42o29’02.83” 085o

46’42.85” 1.29 657.1 652.8 647.6 5.2

10 10-23-00 42o29’02.72” 085o

46’42.78” 1.02 657.1 653.0 648.6 4.4

10 10-23-00 42o29’02.54” 085o46’42.67” 1.17 657.1 652.6 648.6 4.0

10 10-23-00 42o29’02.44” 085o46’42.60” 1.21 657.1 652.4 649.1 3.3

10 10-23-00 42o29’02.29” 085o

46’42.53” .92 657.1 651.3 648.3 3.0

10 10-23-00 42o29’02.18” 085o

46’42.46” .72 657.1 653.4 651.1 2.3

10 10-23-00 42o

29’02.06” 085o46’42.40” 0 657.1 657.1 655.6 1.5

11 10-24-00 42o29’14.39” 085o46’27.08” 0 657.2 657.2 655.7 1.5

11 10-24-00 42o

29’14.32” 085o46’26.94” .21 657.2 656.2 654.4 1.8

11 10-24-00 42o

29’14.28” 085o46’26.87” .43 657.2 653.5 651.7 1.8

11 10-24-00 42o29’14.21” 085o

46’26.72” .90 657.2 650.2 650.2 0

11 10-24-00 42o29’14.14” 085o46’26.54” 1.47 657.2 649.3 649.3 0

11 10-24-00 42o29’14.06” 085o46’26.26” 1.86 657.2 649.4 648.9 .5

11 10-24-00 42o29’13.99” 085o

46’26.26” 1.66 657.2 649.7 648.7 1.0

11 10-24-00 42o

29’13.92” 085o46’26.11” 1.55 657.2 650.7 648.7 2.0

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2C) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness of

sediment

(ft)
49

11 10-24-00 42o29’13.85” 085o46’25.93” 1.54 657.2 651.4 648.7 2.7

11 10-24-00 42o29’13.78” 085o46’25.82” 1.42 657.2 651.5 648.2 3.3

11 10-24-00 42o29’13.70” 085o

46’25.68” 1.46 657.2 652.0 648.2 3.8

11 10-24-00 42o

29’13.67” 085o46’25.57” .74 657.2 652.2 647.7 4.5

11 10-24-00 42o29’13.56” 085o

46’25.36” .77 657.2 653.2 647.2 6.0

11 10-24-00 42o29’13.49” 085o46’25.18” .52 657.2 655.2 647.2 8.0

11 10-24-00 42o

29’13.42” 085o46’25.03” 0 657.2 657.2 647.2 10.0

12 10-23-00 42o29’08.70” 085o

46’19.27” 0 657.2 657.2 649.7 7.5

12 10-23-00 42o

29’08.74” 085o46’19.38” 0.79 657.2 652.5 649.2 3.3

12 10-23-00 42o29’08.81” 085o

46’19.52” 1.16 657.2 651.4 648.7 2.7

12 10-23-00 42o29’08.84” 085o46’19.60” 1.27 657.2 651.4 648.7 2.7

12 10-23-00 42o29’08.88” 085o

46’18.67” 1.45 657.2 651.7 648.2 3.5

12 10-23-00 42o

29’08.92” 085o46’19.78” 1.60 657.2 651.3 647.7 3.6

12 10-23-00 42o29’08.99” 085o

46’19.88” 1.47 657.2 650.8 647.2 3.6

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.02” 085o46’19.99” 1.67 657.2 651.1 646.7 4.4

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.10” 085o

46’20.10” 1.74 657.2 650.7 646.2 4.5

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.13” 085o

46’20.24” 1.63 657.2 650.2 646.2 4.0

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.20” 085o

46’20.35” 1.68 657.2 650.5 648.9 1.6

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.24” 085o

46’20.46” 1.52 657.2 652.1 650.7 1.4

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.31” 085o46’20.57” 1.48 657.2 653.7 653.7 0

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.35” 085o46’20.68” .99 657.2 654.8 654.3 .5

12 10-23-00 42o29’09.42” 085o

46’20.78” 0 657.2 657.2 656.2 1.0

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.74” 085o

46’16.46” 0 657.4 657.4 651.4 6.0

13 10-26-00 42o

28’55.74” 085o46’16.54” .22 657.4 656.8 650.6 6.2

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.74” 085o46’16.64” .73 657.4 654.8 650.4 4.4

13 10-26-00 42o

28’55.74” 085o46’16.82” 1.29 657.4 653.6 649.8 3.8

13 10-26-00 42o

28’55.70” 085o46’16.97” 1.70 657.4 653.5 650.5 3.0

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.70” 085o

46’17.11” 1.86 657.4 653.5 650.6 2.9

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.70” 085o46’17.26” 1.88 657.4 653.2 650.0 3.2

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.70” 085o46’17.36” 2.03 657.4 653.1 651.5 1.6

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.67” 085o

46’17.58” 2.14 657.4 652.9 652.0 .9

13 10-26-00 42o

28’55.67” 085o46’17.72” 2.17 657.4 652.3 652.0 .3

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2C) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness of

sediment

(ft)
50

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.63” 085o46’17.90” 2.24 657.4 652.3 651.4 .9

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.63” 085o46’18.05” 2.08 657.4 651.6 651.6 0

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.60” 085o

46’18.26” 2.01 657.4 651.7 651.7 0

13 10-26-00 42o

28’55.60” 085o46’18.41” 1.90 657.4 652.6 652.6 0

13 10-26-00 42o28’55.60” 085o

46’18.59” 0 657.4 657.4 652.9 4.5

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.83” 085o46’11.32” 0 657.5 657.5 650.0 7.5

14 10-23-00 42o

28’39.83” 085o46’11.53” .91 657.5 655.1 650.0 5.1

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.83” 085o

46’11.75” 1.15 657.5 653.3 649.0 4.3

14 10-23-00 42o

28’39.83” 085o46’11.89” 1.70 657.5 653.2 650.5 2.7

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.86” 085o

46’12.11” 2.00 657.5 652.8 652.0 .8

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.86” 085o46’12.40” 2.08 657.5 653.0 653.0 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.86” 085o

46’12.61” 2.39 657.5 654.6 654.6 0

14 10-23-00 42o

28’39.86” 085o46’12.86” 1.85 657.5 655.5 655.5 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o

46’13.04” 2.09 657.5 655.8 655.8 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o46’13.26” 1.46 657.5 655.7 655.7 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o

46’13.51” 1.72 657.5 655.3 655.3 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o

46’13.73” 1.02 657.5 655.6 655.6 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o

46’13.91” .92 657.5 655.5 655.5 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o

46’14.09” .65 657.5 655.8 655.8 0

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o46’14.30” .57 657.5 656.3 656.0 .3

14 10-23-00 42o28’39.90” 085o46’14.40” 0 657.5 657.5 657.5 0

Table A3. Date, location, water velocity, altitude of surfaces, and total thickness of sediment at 

transect data points in the Trowbridge impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, 

Michigan -- Continued 

[Altitude in feet above sea level. Water surface normalized to a stage of 2.0 feet. Abbreviations: no., number; ft, feet; 

ft/s, feet per second]

Transect

no.

(Fig. 

2C) Date Latitude Longitude

Mean 

velocity

(ft/s)

Altitude

of 

water

surface

(ft)

Altitude

of 

streambed

(ft)

Altitude

of 

base of 

sediment

(ft)

Total

thickness of

sediment

(ft)
51

Appendix B

Table B1. Lithologic descriptions of sediment cores collected in the Plainwell impoundment on 

the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, Michigan

Table B2. Lithologic descriptions of sediment cores collected in the Otsego impoundment on the 

Kalamazoo River near Otsego, Michigan

Table B3. Lithologic descriptions of sediment cores collected in the Trowbridge impoundment on 

the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Michigan
52

Table B1. Lithologic descriptions of sediment cores collected in the Plainwell impoundment on the Kalamazoo 

River at Plainwell, Michigan

 

Lithology Thickness (feet) Lithology Thickness (feet)

 

Site SC1 Site SC5 

Silt/clay, black; some sand 1.5 Silt/clay, black; gravel and sand 1.0 

Gravel; silt/clay, black; some sand 1.5 Silt/clay, black; sand, fine-coarse 1.0 

Silt/clay, black; some sand 1.5 Sand and gravel; silt/clay, black 1.0 

Silt/clay, black; some sand and gravel 2.1 Silt/clay, black; sand, medium-fine 1.0 

 

Site SC2 Site SC6 

Gravel; silt/clay, black; some sand .5 Silt/clay, black; sand and gravel 1.0 

Gravel; some sand 1.0 Silt/clay, black; sand, fine-coarse 1.0 

Gravel; silt/clay, black; some sand 1.0 Silt/clay, black; sand; some gravel 2.5 

Silt/clay, black; gravel; some sand 2.0 

 Site SC7 

Site SC3 Gravel; sand; silt/clay; black 1.5 

Silt/clay, black; sand and gravel 1.5 

Silt/clay, black; some sand 1.7 Site SC8 

 Gravel; sand; some silt/clay, black 1.0 

 Silt/clay, black; some sand and gravel 1.7 

Site SC4 

Silt/clay, black; sand, fine 1.0 Site SC9 

Silt/clay, black; sand and gravel 1.0 Gravel and sand .5 

Silt/clay, black; some sand 3.0 Silt/clay, black; sand and gravel mixed .6 

Silt/clay, black; sand; some gravel 4.7 

 Site SC10 

 Gravel, sand, silt/clay, mixed .7 

 

 
53

Table B2. Lithologic descriptions of sediment cores collected in the Otsego impoundment on the 

Kalamazoo River near Otsego, Michigan

 

Lithology Thickness (feet) Lithology Thickness (feet)

 

Site SC1 Site SC7 

Sand, coarse-medium; gravel 2.0 

Sand, coarse-medium; gravel, mediumfine 3.1 

Silt/clay, black; sand, medium-coarse 4.0 Silt/clay, black; some fine sand 3.2 

 

Site SC2 Site SC8 

Sand, medium, coarse, and fine 1.4 

Sand, coarse-medium; gravel, mediumfine 1.0 

Sand, medium, fine, and coarse; some gravel 2.0 Silt/clay, black; some medium-fine sand 4.5 

Silt/clay, black; some fine sand 4.4 

 Site SC9 

Site SC3 

Sand, medium-coarse; some medium 

gravel 1.0 

Sand, medium-coarse; some fine gravel 3.5 Sand, fine; silt/clay, black 2.0 

Sand, medium-coarse; gravel, coarse-fine 1.5 Sand, fine, tan; silt/clay, black 4.3 

Sand, coarse-fine; silt/clay, black, well mixed 5.5 

 Site SC10 

Site SC4 Sand, fine-medium; silt/clay, black 2.3 

Sand, coarse-medium; some fine gravel 4.5 Sand, medium-fine, tan; some silt/clay 1.0 

Sand, coarse-fine; gravel, coarse-fine 1.0 

Silt/clay, black; some medium-fine sand 4.8 Site SC11 

 Silt/clay, black; sand, coarse-fine 2.0 

Site SC5 Silt/clay, black; sand, fine 2.0 

Sand, coarse-medium; gravel, fine 1.3 Sand, medium-fine; silt/clay, black .6 

Silt/clay, black; some coarse-fine sand 8.5 

 Site SC12 

Site SC6 Sand, coarse-medium; gravel, fine 3.8 

Sand, coarse-medium; gravel, medium-fine 3.9 Sand, silt/clay, well mixed; some gravel 1.0 

Silt/clay, black, mixed with fine sand 4.2 
54

Table B3. Lithologic descriptions of sediment cores collected in the Trowbridge impoundment on the 

Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Michigan

 

Lithology Thickness (feet) Lithology Thickness (feet) 

 

Site SC1 Site SC8 

Gravel; silt/clay; sand, well mixed 1.0 Sand, coarse-fine; some gravel 1.5 

 Silt/clay, black; sand, coarse-fine .5 

Site SC2 Sand, coarse-fine; silt/clay, black 8.3 

Sand, fine-medium; silt/clay, black 2.0 

Silt/clay, black; gravel, medium-fine 13.1 Site SC9 

 

Sand, fine-coarse; silt/clay; some 

gravel 1.6 

Site SC3 Silt/sand, black; some sand 8.0 

Sand, coarse-fine; silt/clay, black 1.7 

Silt/clay, black; sand, fine-medium 2.7 Site SC10 

 Silt; sand; some gravel .8 

Site SC4 Sand, fine to medium, gray 4.5 

Sand, fine-coarse; some gravel .5 

Silt/clay, black; sand, fine-very fine 5.0 Site SC11 

 Sand, fine; silt/clay 1.0 

Site SC5 Silt/clay, gray; some sand 5.0 

Sand, medium-coarse; some gravel .5 

Silt/clay, gray; some sand 2.5 Site SC12 

 Silt/clay, gray; sand, fine-medium .7 

Site SC6 Sand, fine-medium, gray 2.7 

Sand, coarse-fine 1.0 

Silt/clay, black; some gravel and sand 11.7 Site SC13 

 Sand, very fine-medium, gray 1.5 

Site SC7 Sand, very fine-fine; silt/clay, black 2.3 

Silt/clay, black; some gravel and sand 4.9 

Sand, fine-coarse; silt/clay, black .6 Site SC14 

 Sand, fine-medium, gray 7.5 

 
55

Appendix C

Table C1. Particle size of selected sediment samples from cores collected in the Plainwell 

impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, Michigan

Table C2. Particle size of selected sediment samples from cores collected in the Otsego 

impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, Michigan

Table C3. Particle size of selected sediment samples from cores collected in theTrowbridge 

impoundment on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Michigan
56

Table C1. Particle size of selected sediment samples from cores collected in the Plainwell 

impoundment on the Kalamazoo River at Plainwell, Michigan

 

[Particle sizes are tallied by using Wentworth size classes in which the size doubles with each class (0.063, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 

2, 4, 16 millimeters). No., number; >, actual value is greater than value shown; < , value is less than or equal 

to value shown] 

Percentage of sample within sieve size fraction, in millimeters 

>16 <16 and >4 <4 and 

>2 <2 and >1 <1 and >0.5 

<0.5 and 

>0.25 

<0.25 

and 

>0.125 

<0.125 and 

>0.063 <0.063 Sediment 

 core no. 

(Fig. 2A) 

Depth of 

sample 

interval 

 below 

streambed 

(feet) (pebble) 

(medium 

to coarse 

gravel) 

(fine 

gravel) 

(very coarse 

sand) 

(coarse

sand)

(medium 

sand) 

(fine 

sand) 

(very fine 

sand) (silt/clay) 

SC1-1 0-1.5 0.00 0.00 0.55 1.16 1.06 1.31 1.51 2.92 91.49

SC1-2 1.5-3.0 0 60.70 10.40 4.72 2.91 2.19 1.95 2.55 14.55

SC1-3 3.0-4.5 0 0 .36 1.02 .78 1.02 3.83 5.51 87.48

SC1-4 4.5-6.6 0 7.94 12.90 6.72 4.41 2.57 3.44 5.34 56.64

SC2-1 0-0.5 0 44.00 19.20 5.62 2.69 1.16 .84 .17 26.29

SC2-2 0.5-1.5 0 57.80 23.10 6.54 3.16 1.30 .80 2.65 4.65

SC2-3 1.5-2.5 0 47.40 16.70 4.99 2.83 1.63 1.40 .95 24.10

SC2-4 2.5-4.5 0 19.20 6.50 4.20 2.20 2.40 2.20 3.60 60.00

SC3-1 0-1.5 0 0 0 1.07 .67 1.03 2.19 4.74 90.30

SC3-2 1.5-3.2 0 0 .86 1.44 2.99 24.70 3.89 3.41 62.71

SC4-1 0-1.0 0 0 1.74 1.60 1.42 3.61 8.86 9.80 72.97

SC4-2 1.0-2.0 0 5.67 6.01 3.66 2.04 1.98 4.51 9.58 66.54

SC4-3 2.0-5.0 0 0 .30 1.70 1.70 1.60 2.50 4.40 87.80

SC4-4 5.0-9.7 0 6.50 5.60 2.80 2.00 1.60 3.80 6.10 71.50

SC5-1 0-1.0 0 25.20 6.14 5.12 4.50 8.45 4.55 1.55 44.50

SC5-2 1.0-2.0 0 0 .35 2.48 2.33 1.74 1.62 3.63 87.85

SC5-3 2.0-3.0 0 8.81 5.90 4.26 7.41 41.78 6.50 2.21 23.13

SC5-4 3.0-4.0 0 0 .19 2.10 3.98 17.75 2.56 6.04 67.37

SC6-1 0-1.0 0 0 15.30 6.83 9.30 14.28 4.81 1.55 47.97

SC6-2 1.0-2.0 0 0 1.42 2.49 3.57 3.91 2.54 3.71 82.36

SC6-3 2.0-4.5 0 0 7.60 5.60 8.40 8.50 3.70 3.80 62.40

SC7-1 0-1.5 0 26.60 8.96 7.44 14.90 17.25 3.32 .91 20.65

SC8-1 0-1.0 0 36.77 19.30 13.31 8.73 10.65 5.13 .97 5.14

SC8-2 1.0-1.7 0 2.46 4.65 4.55 2.74 2.63 1.09 .92 80.95

SC9-1 0-0.5 0 22.6 11.10 7.07 9.31 24.96 21.38 2.76 .80

SC9-2 0.5-1.1 0 .66 7.72 6.56 3.56 3.92 8.51 9.03 60.04

SC10-1 0-0.7 0 45.10 13.80 3.25 2.35 5.96 2.20 .94 26.39
57

Table C2. Particle size of selected sediment samples from cores collected in the Otsego impoundment on 

the Kalamazoo River near Otsego, Michigan

 

[Particle sizes are tallied by using Wentworth size classes in which the size doubles with each class (0.063, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 

2, 4, 16 millimeters). No., number; >, actual value is greater than value shown; < , value is less than or equal to value 

shown] 

Percentage of sample within sieve size fraction, in millimeters 

 >16 <16 and 

 >4 

<4 and 

 >2 

<2 and 

 >1 

<1 and 

 >0.5 

<0.5 and 

 >0.25 

<0.25 

 and >0.125 

<0.125 

 and 

 >0.063 

Sediment <0.063 

core no. 

 (Fig. 2B) 

Depth of 

sample 

 interval 

below 

 streambed 

(feet) (pebble) 

(medium 

to coarse 

gravel) 

(fine gravel) (very 

coarse sand)

(coarse 

sand) 

(medium 

 sand) 

(fine 

 sand) 

(very 

fine 

 sand) 

(silt/clay)

SC1-1 0-2.0 0.00 1.67 11.54 20.73 26.49 31.65 7.13 0.59 0.21

SC1-2 2.0-6.0 0 0 1.23 6.35 16.51 19.67 4.96 1.72 49.57

SC2-1 0-1.4 0 0 3.23 9.69 23.15 49.67 13.80 .38 .08

SC2-2 1.4-3.4 0.52 2.16 6.05 12.29 16.09 39.30 22.59 .69 .30

SC2-3 3.4-7.8 0 0 1.35 2.06 1.68 4.63 3.87 2.69 83.71

SC3-1 0-3.5 0 .29 4.54 15.38 23.98 39.82 15.42 .49 .08

SC3-2 3.5-5.0 0 8.81 7.67 11.12 18.46 35.86 17.16 .49 .43

SC3-3 5.0-10.5 0 0 4.50 9.92 14.59 26.22 21.98 1.68 21.12

SC4-1 0-4.5 0 2.15 9.81 16.94 24.89 35.69 10.01 .36 .15

SC4-2 4.5-5.5 3.01 16.41 9.82 9.37 13.34 32.10 15.20 .36 .39

SC4-3 5.5-10.3 0 0 3.62 7.40 6.41 6.09 7.89 3.95 64.64

SC5-1 0-1.3 0 5.90 20.80 29.92 27.21 14.36 1.52 .16 .13

SC5-2 1.3-9.8 0 0 8.20 7.40 2.56 1.59 2.16 3.99 74.09

SC6-1 0-3.9 0 6.67 26.89 24.60 18.81 19.36 2.58 .22 .86

SC6-2 3.9-8.1 0 2.53 1.29 1.49 1.80 4.33 22.94 7.11 58.51

SC7-1 0-3.1 0 10.77 26.09 22.70 17.69 20.19 2.28 .17 .11

SC7-2 3.1-6.3 0 3.56 .71 1.33 1.00 .76 1.43 3.23 87.98

SC8-1 0-1.0 0 7.06 10.07 9.36 17.02 45.89 8.08 .38 1.23

SC8-2 1.0-5.5 0 0 .66 2.31 3.63 5.54 2.72 3.01 82.12

SC9-1 0-1.0 .26 6.53 2.58 5.47 16.92 46.03 19.05 2.65 .51

SC9-2 1.0-3.0 0 6.02 2.51 1.51 1.78 3.01 32.80 20.48 31.89

SC9-3 3.0-7.3 0 1.23 .54 .31 .34 1.40 44.42 32.37 19.38

SC10-1 0-2.3 0 0 .61 .90 1.49 21.61 54.54 9.74 11.10

SC10-2 2.3-3.3 0 14.18 8.79 6.21 4.02 8.97 38.41 14.00 5.43

SC11-1 0-2.0 0 1.78 4.77 3.11 9.62 33.93 13.47 4.16 29.15

SC11-2 2.0-4.0 0 0 3.27 2.95 2.63 7.15 23.42 19.63 40.95

SC11-3 4.0-4.6 0 0 2.04 1.75 1.92 9.95 40.38 17.90 26.06

SC12-1 0-3.8 0 8.53 33.93 25.11 14.59 9.23 7.40 .96 .25

SC12-2 3.8-4.8 0 15.72 11.71 10.90 10.86 11.98 10.56 3.67 24.61

SC12-3 parent1 22.23 47.28 6.36 3.15 5.76 12.66 1.91 .34 .31

1

Core taken from pre-dam alluvium. 
58

Table C3. Particle size of selected sediment samples from cores collected in the Trowbridge impoundment 

on the Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Michigan

 

[Particle sizes are tallied by using Wentworth size classes in which the size doubles with each class (0.063, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 

2, 4, 16 millimeters). No., number; >, actual value is greater than value shown; < , value is less than or equal to value shown] 

Percentage of sample within sieve size fraction, in millimeters 

>16 <16 and 

 >4 

<4 and 

 >2 

<2 and 

 >1 

<1 and 

 >0.5 

<0.5 and 

>0.25 

<0.25 and 

>0.125 

<0.125 and 

>0.063 Sediment <0.063 

 core no. 

(Fig. 2C) 

Depth of 

sample 

 interval 

below 

streambed 

(feet) (pebble) 

(medium 

 to coarse 

gravel) 

(fine 

 gravel) 

(very 

 coarse 

 sand) 

(coarse 

 sand) 

(medium 

sand) 

(fine 

sand) 

(very 

fine 

sand) 

(silt/clay)

SC1-1 0-1.0 0.00 42.76 11.38 10.04 8.73 4.07 1.67 0.58 20.76

SC2-1 0-2.0 0 .40 .03 .22 4.54 7.94 56.80 18.86 11.22

SC2-2 2.0-15.1 0 18.03 10.94 3.79 2.36 2.26 7.95 2.33 52.34

SC3-1 0-1.7 0 15.58 1.71 6.03 16.13 23.77 14.52 3.00 19.26

SC3-2 1.7-4.4 0 .48 .32 2.99 4.13 10.86 44.79 20.80 15.62

SC4-1 0-0.5 0 4.08 4.42 9.34 18.72 38.83 23.93 .56 .12

SC4-2 0.5-5.5 0 0 5.72 5.58 2.95 2.63 16.98 11.66 54.48

SC5-1 0-0.5 1.17 3.15 6.45 12.41 26.06 44.28 6.07 .21 .21

SC5-2 0.5-3.0 0 0 1.36 4.57 2.58 1.85 2.40 2.98 84.27

SC6-1 0-1.0 0 .09 .36 1.44 12.13 56.89 27.85 1.04 .20

SC6-2 1.0-12.7 0 16.64 11.63 6.59 4.37 3.44 4.22 4.01 49.11

SC7-1 0-4.9 0 10.03 5.44 2.51 1.68 2.51 5.84 7.67 64.32

SC7-2 4.9-5.5 0 .76 1.29 2.51 8.89 14.74 27.50 15.80 28.50

SC8-1 0-1.5 2.82 4.76 4.64 6.73 18.27 42.34 16.41 3.52 .52

SC8-2 1.5-2.0 0 13.92 3.75 5.31 10.20 16.52 8.85 2.52 38.92

SC8-3 2.0-10.3 0 2.94 8.11 8.05 11.52 20.11 14.88 6.00 28.38

SC9-1 0-1.6 0 7.05 5.92 4.87 4.66 10.90 32.11 9.50 24.99

SC9-2 1.6-9.6 0 0 3.92 7.13 3.70 2.47 8.14 3.03 71.61

SC10-1 0-0.8 0 .62 8.02 13.81 7.22 5.75 5.35 4.41 54.81

SC10-2 0.8-5.3 0 2.20 3.49 3.17 7.29 39.40 43.37 .88 .20

SC11-1 0-1.0 0 0 .79 1.29 1.22 3.98 43.48 25.39 23.85

SC11-2 1.0-6.0 0 1.23 5.61 6.92 3.74 2.38 3.99 10.83 65.31

SC12-1 0-0.7 0 0 10.43 9.02 4.67 9.95 14.70 2.55 48.68

SC12-2 0.7-3.4 0 .61 .73 .80 1.74 13.86 71.59 9.44 1.23

SC13-1 0-1.5 0 0 .01 .08 2.71 24.50 59.21 11.80 1.69

SC13-2 1.5-3.8 0 .28 1.90 2.70 2.18 4.64 53.23 16.10 18.96

SC14-1 0-7.5 1.17 1.92 1.28 1.95 4.12 10.02 68.55 9.50 1.49

SC14-2 parent1

 55.50 29.35 2.62 1.38 1.45 4.08 4.00 1.00 .61

1

Core taken from pre-dam alluvium.