NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-105

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED

MATTER IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN: JANUARY 28 - FEBRUARY 10, 1998

Andrew G. Winkelman

Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Erik R. Stabenau and Brian J. Eadie

NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI

Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory

Ann Arbor, Michigan

September 1998

Updated May 1999

NAT OI NAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRAT OI N

U.S.DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

William Daley

Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND

ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

D. James Baker

Under Secretary for Oceans

and Atmosphere/Administrator

Environmental Research

Laboratories

James L. Rasmussen

Director
NOTICE

Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement

by the NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories. Use of information from

this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products for

publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. This is GLERL Contribution

No. 1099.
CONTENTS

PAGE

Abstract......................................................................................................................................................... 5

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 5

2. Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 7

3. References ............................................................................................................................................... 8

Figures and Tables

Figure 1.--Cruise track of the RV Lake Guardian. Hydrocast stations are identified on each transect ....... 6

Figure 2.--Correlation of the Sea Tech 25 cm transmissometer with filtered TSM samples.

TSM = 1.58*BAC - 0,24 (r2 = 0.92 for n = 48)........................................................................... 8

Figure 3.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for all 48

samples collected on the cruise. The size scale is in 1 μm increments from 1 to

16 μm, then 5 μm increments to 90 μm; the vertical line identifies the scale break.

Only station averages were used; individual sample errors were not propagated....................... 9

Figure 4.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for the 4 offshore

surface samples. ........................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 5.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for all 12 surface

samples ....................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 6.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for samples collected

at 1 m above the bottom at the 12 stations ................................................................................. 10

Figure 7.--The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for all 48 samples

collected on the cruise. Only station averages were used; individual sample errors were not

propagated. the horizontal dashed line represented 90% of the cumulative fraction mass. The

vertical dashed line represents the particle size at which 90% of the cumulative fraction mass is

less than or equal to .................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 8.--The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for the four offshore surface samples. ................................................................................................................ 10

Figure 9.--The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for all 12 surface

samples ....................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 10.--The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for samples

collected at 1 m above the bottom at 12 stations ....................................................................... 10
4

Appendix A:................................................................................................................................................ 10

Each figure in Appendix A has the sampling location in the title, for example Gary 15 m represents

the 15 m deep station on the Gary transect (see Figure 1). The data for each station are presented

in two parts:

(1) Temperature and transmissometry profiles, with measured TSM shown as filled circles, and

(2) 3-5 panel profiles of the fractional mass in the GSM versus grain size., TSM, depth, and

sample dilution are shown in each panel. Error bars represent 1 standard deviation for triplicate

measurements of the same sample.

Table 1.--Particle size data tables for all stations ...................................................................................... 23
5

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED

MATTER IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN: JANUARY 28 - FEBRUARY 10, 1998

Andrew G. Winkelman, Erik R. Stabenau, and Brian J. Eadie

ABSTRACT. Profiles of grain size distributions of suspended matter in the water column of

southern Lake Michigan are presented from a cruise from January 28 through February 10, 1998.

This cruise was prior to the very large sediment resuspension event that began on March 10,

1998. The majority of samples had less than 1 mg/L of Total Suspended Material (TSM), although concentrations were higher off Racine,WI and Saugatuk, MI. An inverse thermal stratification was observed at Racine, all other stations were well-mixed. Although the error was large,

the distribution of particle sizes throughout the coastal region of the southern basin were remarkably consistent, with the peak of the mass distribution generally between 20 and 40 μm.

1. INTRODUCTION

The Impact of Episodic Events on the Nearshore-Offshore Transport and Transformation of Biogeochemically

Important Materials in the Great Lakes Program (EEGLE) was developed to focus on a critical theme that was

common to two workshops (NOAA, 1992; Klump et al., 1995). In August 1997 the NOAA-Coastal Ocean

Program (COP) and National Science Foundation-Coastal Oceanography Program (CoOP) began a jointly funded

program to study the impact of this episodic plume event on sediment and constituent transport and subsequent

ecological effects in Lake Michigan. This program, Episodic Events: Great Lakes Experiment (EEGLE), is being

coordinated by GLERL and is scheduled to include three field years and two years of subsequent interpretation

and product development.

EEGLE presently involves 4 funding sources and 17 participating research institutions. Program components

include a retrospective analysis of satellite imagery, water intakes, and other data, process and survey cruises,

moored current meters, traps and data acquisition instruments, and coupled hydrodynamic-sediment transportecological modeling. Our goal is to characterize the materials in the plume, infer their sources, and assess their

potential impact on the cycling and transport of nutrients and contaminants. Further program information is

available on the web at HYPERLINK http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/eegle.

A tight coupling between contaminated sediments and overlying water exists in lakes and coastal ecosystems

through the process of sediment resuspension. Satellite imagery of suspended sedimentary material in southern

Lake Michigan from winter-spring, 1996 (Eadie et al., 1996, 1998) illustrate a unique opportunity to investigate

an annually recurrent major episode of nearshore-offshore transport, a 10 km wide plume of resuspended material

extending over 300 km along the southern shores of the lake. The annual plume appears to be initiated by a major

late winter storm after the melting of surface ice, and it eventually veers offshore along the eastern shore of the

lake, coincident with the area of highest measured sediment accumulation in the lake.

Attempts to mass balance nutrients and contaminants in the Great Lakes have implied that resuspension of

contaminated sediments contributes many times the sum of all external inputs. We are evaluating this annual

winter-spring resuspension event in order to estimate its impact on internal cycling of constituents, such as

nutrients and contaminants, and subsequent effects on lake ecology. Results will improve our understanding of

critical processes that affect the ecosystem, and will support the development of a resource management-oriented

information and modeling system.

The program was fortunate during its first year to examine a very large plume event. To place it in context, only

once before, in its 37 years of intake turbidity records, did the St. Joseph water treatment plant experience an
6

Figure 1.--Cruise track of the RV

Lake Guardian. Hydrocast

stations are identified on each

transect.

event of similar magnitude. Five transects were established and sampled during many of the individual cruises.

Cruise foci included moorings, survey, process, and Lagrangian.

Preliminary evidence indicates that this episodic event may be the major mechanism for cross-margin sediment

transport in Lake Michigan. We believe this type of event is ideal for studying internal recycling of

biogeochemically important materials (BIMS), ecosystem responses, and one of the major processes controlling

cross-isobath transport in the Great Lakes. While we are focusing on a particular episodic process in southern Lake

Michigan, the program results will be applicable to similar events in many coastal areas.

This report presents suspended matter data collected on the first integrated cruise aboard the EPA GLNPO’s research vessel Lake Guardian, from January 28 through February 10, 1998. This first EEGLE cruise of 1998 was

conducted prior to the large subsequent plume event that began on March 10, 1998. The cruise was designed to

collect samples and data from transects normal to shore (Figure 1), crossing the historical plume region. Information

collected during this cruise is providing winter background conditions, rare data in Lake Michigan. This report

documents cruise data on the concentration of suspended particulate matter and measurements of the grain size

distribution of these materials.
7

2. METHODS

On each transect, stations were established at water depths of 15, 30, and 45 m. At each station, a CTD profile was

taken, and water samples collected at 3, 4, and 5 depths respectively. Each station had a sample from approximately 1 m below the surface and 1 m above the bottom. The latter was collected using a Niskin equipped with a

tripping mechanism that closed the bottle when the weight touched bottom. Water samples were collected in 8 L

Niskin bottles that were cleaned with soap and water prior to the beginning of the cruise. Subsequently, the bottles

were flushed with lake water while on the wire by moving them up and down prior to closing. Water was transferred via a tygon tube into pre-cleaned sampling bottles.

Total Suspended Matter (TSM): water samples were vacuum filtered through, distilled water cleaned, preweighed,

Whatman GFF glass fiber filters. Filtering was continued until it slowed appreciably, or 4 L had passed through

the filter. The volume filtered was measured in a plastic 2 L graduated cylinder. The filter was sucked dry on the

filter holder then transferred to its plastic Petri dish. The filters were stored in refrigeration. After returning to the

lab, the filters were oven dried at 70oC for several hours, then weighed on a 5 place analytical balance. Several

blank filters were processed as controls in order to correct for balance drift, humidity, etc. The blanks averaged

less than 0.1 mg and were not included in subsequent calculations.

Transmissometry: A 25 cm path length Sea Bird (SBE 25) transmissometer was used to collect CTD profiles at

each station. Calibration with TSM was estimated using a regression of measured beam attenuation and TSM for

17 common points (Figure 2).

Particle size distribution was measured on the suspended matter using a Spectrex Laser Particle Counter (Model

ILI 1000, Spectrex Corp, Redwood, CA). This instrument had several shortcomings, but was available and was

used to acquire very rare data on this pilot cruise. Water samples were collected directly from the Niskin bottles

into Spectrex glass sample bottles. The instrument uses a He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) and estimates particle concentration and calculates size distribution over the range of 1 to 100 μm from near-forward scattered light. The

instrument is calibrated by regularly analyzing a set of three sealed bottles with a known size distribution of

styrene spheres supplied by Spectrex. Background and offsets are adjusted to assure that the readings are within

±15% of the values provided by the manufacturer. During the cruise, the 5 μm standard read high by an average

of 35%, outside the range recommended by the manufacturer. Thus the small particle size counts should be

considered high. Background counts were subtracted and percent mass was calculated for each bin.

A serious problem with this instrument is its restriction to less than 1000 particles per ml; greater concentrations

result in coincidence counting. Based on the ambient concentrations encountered, all samples had to be diluted

with distilled, filtered water from between 20:1 to 150:1 (DW:Lake Water). This results in a bias against rare,

large particles.

There is very little particle size data available for the suspended matter of the Great Lakes, thus we decided to

publish these values. However, because of the limitations of the instrument, users should consider the precision

(below) and bias when evaluating the results. Samples were analyzed from each station and depth sampled on the

cruise; results are presented in Table 1 and in accompanying figures. Samples were shaken prior to analysis,

however experiments prior to the cruise clearly showed that the size spectrum of lake samples began to drift into

larger aggregates approximately 4 hours after collection. The frequency of water sample collection restricted

replication to three separate scans for each sample, in order to complete analyses in less than 4 hours. A total of 48

samples were collected and analyzed on the cruise and the average coefficient of variation for all size categories

was approximately equal at 104%. The size distribution data are all plotted with one standard deviation.
8

3. REFERENCES

EADIE, B.J., D.J. SCHWAB, G.A. LESHKEVICH, T.H. JOHENGEN, R.A. ASSEL, N. HAWLEY, R.E. Holland,

M.B. LANSING, P. LAVRENTYEV, G.S. MILLER, N.R. MOREHEAD, J.A. ROBBINS, and P.L. VAN HOOF.

Recurrent Coastal Plume in Southern Lake Michigan. EOS 77:337-338 (1996).

EADIE, B.J., D.J. SCHWAB, T.H. JOHENGEN, P.J. Lavrentyev, G.S. MILLER, R.E. Holland, G.A. LESHKEVICH,

M.B. LANSING, N.R. MOREHEAD, J.A. ROBBINS, N. HAWLEY, D.N. Edgington, and P.L. VAN HOOF. Characterizing a Major Episodic Event: a Recurrent Winter-Spring Plume in Southern Lake Michigan. Limnology and

Oceanography (submitted March 1998).

Klump, V., K. Bedford, M. Donelan, B. EADIE, G. FAHNENSTIEL, and M. Roman. Coastal Ocean Processes:

Coastal-Margin Transport in the Great Lakes, CoOP-NSF, Workshop Rep. No. 5, Tech Rep. TS-148, Univ. of Maryland, Cambridge, MD. (1995).

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Coastal Ocean-Great Lakes Workshop Report, November 5-6,

1992. University of Michigan-Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research and NOAA-Great Lakes

Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI (1992).

BAC

01234

TSM

0

1

2

3

4

BAC vs. TSM EEGLE Feb. 1998

Figure 2. Comparison of the beam

attenuation coefficient (BAC) of the

25 cm CTD and measured total

suspended matter (TSM).

TSM = (1.58 * BAC -.24

N = 48 r2 = .915).
9

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15

n = 4

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

Off-Shore Surface Samples

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15

All Samples

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

n = 48

Figure 3.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for all 48 samples collected on

the cruise. The size scale is in 1 μm increments from 1 to 16 μm, then 5 μm increments to 90 μm; the

vertical line identifies the scale break. Only station averages were used; individual sample errors were

not propagated. Error bars represent one standard deviation.

Figure 4.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for the 4 offshore surface

samples.
10

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15

Particle Size (micrometers)

n = 12

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Surface Samples

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15

Particle Size (micrometers)

n = 12

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

1 m Above Bottom Samples

Figure 5.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for all 12 surface samples.

Figure 6.--The average fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for samples collected at

1 m above the bottom at the 12 stations.
11

Total

Stan. Dev.

0 20 40 60 80

Particle Size (micrometers)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Cumulative Fraction Mass

All Samples

Off-Shore Surface Samples

0 20 40 60 80

Particle Size (micrometers)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Cumulative Fraction Mass

n = 48

n = 4

Figure 7.--The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution

for all 48 samples collected on the cruise. Only station averages were used;

individual sample errors were not propagated. the horizontal dashed line

represented 90% of the cumulative fraction mass. The vertical dashed line

represents the particle size at which 90% of the cumulative fraction mass is

less than or equal to.

Figure 8.-- The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for the four offshore

surface samples.
12

Total

Stan. Dev.

1 m Above Bottom Samples

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Cumulative Fraction Mass

0 20 40 60 80

Particle Size (micrometers)

Surface Samples

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Cumulative Fraction Mass

0 20 40 60 80

Particle Size (micrometers)

n = 12

n = 12

Figure 10.--The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution for samples collected at

1 m above the bottom at 12 stations.

Figure 9.--The cumulative fraction of total TSM mass versus particle size distribution

for all 12 surface samples.
13

Appendix A.

Each figure is presented in two parts:

● First, a temperature and transmissometry profile (with measured TSM shown as filled circles).

● Second, a 3-5 panel profile of the fractional mass in the TSM versus grain size (μm). TSM, depth, and

 dilution factors are shown in each panel.

Sampling locations are indicated in the title, for example, Gary 15 m represents the 15 m deep station on the

Gary transect (see Figure 1).

Tables contain particle size data for all stations.
14

Fraction Mass Gary 15m Profile

0 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

.82 mg/L @ 1m

.78 mg/L @ 8m

1.09 mg/L @ 14m

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

Temp (C)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

TSM (mg/L)

Gary 15m Profile CTD Data

1

6

11

16

Depth

012345

Temp and TSM
15

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

Gary 30m Profile CTD Data

012345

Temp and TSM

1

6

11

16

21

26

Depth

Fraction Mass Gary 30m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15

Particle Size (micrometers)

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

.78 mg/L @ 1m

.97 mg/L @ 15m

1.11 mg/L @ 25m

.85 mg/L @ 29m

Dilution 15:1

Dilution 15:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1
16

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

Gary 45m Profile CTD Data

1

11

21

31

41

Depth

012345

Temp and TSM

Fraction Mass Gary 45m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

.89 mg/L @ 1m

.85 mg/L @ 15m

.86 mg/L @ 30m

1.07 mg/L @ 40m

.99 mg/L @ 44m

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

0 5 10 15

Particle Size (micrometers)

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1
17

St.Joseph 15m Profile CTD Data

1

6

11

16

21

Depth

012345

Temp and TSM

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

Fraction Mass St. Joseph 15m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

1.35 mg/L @ 1m

1.46 mg/L @ 8m

1.35 mg/L @ 14m

Dilution 30:1

Dilution 30:1

Dilution 30:1
18

St.Joseph 30m Profile CTD Data

1

6

11

16

21

26

31

Depth

012345

Temp and TSM

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

Fraction Mass St. Joseph 30m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

.84 mg/L @ 1m

.90 mg/L @ 15m

.82 mg/L @ 25m

1.66 mg/L @ 29m

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 40:1
19

Fraction Mass St. Joseph 45m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

.78 mg/L @ 1m

.80 mg/L @ 15m

.78 mg/L @ 30m

.78 mg/L @ 40m

1.18 mg/L @ 44m

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 30:1

Dilution 30:1

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

St.Joseph 45m Profile CTD Data

1

11

21

31

41

Depth

012345

Temp and TSM
20

Temp (C) TSM (mg/L)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

0 1 23 4 5

Temp and TSM

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

Depth

Racine 15m Profile CTD Data

Fraction Mass Racine 15m Profile

4.15 mg/L @ 1m

Dilution 100:1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

4.18 mg/L @ 8m

Dilution 150:1

0 5 10 15

Particle Size (micrometers)

2.56 mg/L @ 14m

Dilution 100:1

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
21

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

Racine 30m Profile CTD Data

012345

Temp and TSM

1

6

11

16

21

26

Depth

Fraction Mass Racine 30m Profile

1.23 mg/L @ 1m

Dilution 20:1

1.28 mg/L @ 15m

Dilution 20:1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

.76 mg/L @ 25m

Dilution 40:1

0 5 10 15

Particle Size (micrometers)

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

.90 mg/L @ 29m

Dilution 40:1
22

1.00 mg/L @ 30m

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 10:1

1.22 mg/L @ 15m

Dilution 10:1

1.07 mg/L @ 1m

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

Dilution 20:1

.98 mg/L @ 40m

0 5 10 15

1.26 mg/L @ 44m

Dilution 20:1

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

Fraction Mass Racine 45m Profile

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

Racine 45m Profile CTD Data

1

11

21

31

41

Depth

012345

Temp and TSM
23

Saugatuk 15m Profile CTD Data

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

Depth

01 2 345

Temp and TSM

Temp (C) TSM (mg/L)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

Fraction Mass Saugatuk 15m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

1.97 mg/L @ 1m

1.92 mg/L @ 8m

1.91 mg/L @ 14m

Dilution 40:1

Dilution 40:1

Dilution 40:1
24

Saugatuk 30m Profile CTD Data

1

6

11

16

21

26

31

Depth

012345

Temp and TSM

Temp (C) TSM (mg/L)

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)

Fraction Mass Saugatuk 30m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

2.27 mg/L @ 1m

2.26 mg/L @ 15m

2.39 mg/L @ 25m

2.74 mg/L @ 29m

Dilution 40:1

Dilution 40:1

Dilution 40:1

Dilution 40:1
25

Fraction Mass Saugatuk 45m Profile

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Fraction Mass

0 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Particle Size (micrometers)

1.51 mg/L @ 1m

1.53 mg/L @ 15m

1.40 mg/L @ 30m

1.53 mg/L @ 40m

1.64 mg/L @ 44m

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 20:1

Dilution 40:1

Dilution 40:1

TSM (mg/L) Temp (C)

1

11

21

31

41

Depth

Saugatuk 45m Profile CTD Data

012345

Temp and TSM

Actual TSM

 (mg/L)
26

* Particle Size Data From Mich S15

* Sample Taken on Feb 1 at 1705 GMT

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 8 m 8 m 14 m 14 m

1 0.0007 0.0003 0.0007 0.0006 0.0009 0.0008

2 0.0061 0.0006 0.0091 0.0065 0.0091 0.008

3 0.0227 0.0128 0.0295 0.0207 0.0249 0.0202

4 0.0302 0.0112 0.056 0.0414 0.0435 0.0372

5 0.0515 0.0211 0.0611 0.0437 0.0519 0.0436

6 0.0453 0.0167 0.0669 0.0376 0.0381 0.0316

7 0.0431 0.0239 0.065 0.039 0.0296 0.0252

8 0.1052 0.054 0.0874 0.0521 0.0552 0.0568

9 0.0471 0.025 0.08 0.0686 0.0797 0.0686

10 0.093 0.0429 0.0557 0.0509 0.0326 0.0148

11 0.0456 0.0466 0.0476 0.0498 0.016 0.0242

12 0.0189 0.0328 0.0543 0.0669 0.0018 0.0032

13 0 0 0.0356 0.0498 0.0276 0.0391

14 0.058 0.0648 0.0179 0.031 0.0301 0.0521

15 0.0748 0.0648 0.0293 0.0508 0.0973 0.0698

16 0 0 0 0 0.0044 0.0076

17 0.1092 0.0354 0.0823 0.0822 0.0739 0.0356

22 0.0583 0.1009 0.0828 0.107 0.1146 0.0539

27 0.1536 0.1368 0.0866 0.0831 0.0061 0.0106

32 0.0368 0.0637 0.0522 0.0904 0.0102 0.0177

37 0 0 0 0 0.0316 0.0547

42 0 0 0 0 0.0692 0.1199

47 0 0 0 0 0 0

52 0 0 0 0 0 0

57 0 0 0 0 0.0577 0.0999

62 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 0 0 0 0 0.0937 0.1623

72 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1.--Particle size data for Station Mich S15.
27

* Particle Size Data From Mich S30

* Sample Taken on Feb 1 at 2210 GMT

* OP No. G1998032.19 Lat= Lon=

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 25 m 25 m 29 m 29 m

1 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0003 0.0009 0.0007 0.0006 0.0007

2 0.0044 0.0033 0.0089 0.007 0.0093 0.0079 0.0072 0.0088

3 0.0164 0.0123 0.0259 0.0133 0.0245 0.0215 0.0197 0.0245

4 0.0231 0.0201 0.0453 0.0321 0.0733 0.0598 0.031 0.0378

5 0.0396 0.0291 0.0566 0.0368 0.222 0.1734 0.0331 0.0393

6 0.0454 0.0394 0.0447 0.0115 0.0956 0.0604 0.0266 0.0253

7 0.0518 0.0343 0.0781 0.051 0.0702 0.0331 0.0537 0.0592

8 0.0452 0.0339 0.0756 0.0693 0.0475 0.0645 0.0479 0.0507

9 0.0328 0.0238 0.0582 0.0523 0.0102 0.0177 0.0455 0.0571

10 0.0532 0.0431 0.0554 0.0663 0.0443 0.0198 0.0939 0.1094

11 0.0375 0.0271 0.0623 0.0097 0.0473 0.0441 0.0387 0.0329

12 0.0232 0.0223 0.0199 0.0182 0.0051 0.0088 0.038 0.0501

13 0.0294 0.0284 0.0152 0.0262 0 0 0.0041 0.007

14 0.0056 0.0098 0.0441 0.0394 0.0081 0.014 0.0102 0.0176

15 0.0649 0.0949 0.0495 0.0857 0.0099 0.0172 0.0226 0.0199

16 0.0126 0.0219 0.0471 0.0431 0 0 0.0198 0.0185

17 0.1454 0.054 0.0541 0.0566 0.088 0.0762 0.0372 0.0597

22 0.0363 0.0329 0.0326 0.0565 0.1047 0.0915 0.0368 0.0538

27 0.1322 0.1943 0 0 0.1391 0.2409 0.0377 0.0475

32 0 0 0.0776 0.0754 0 0 0.0337 0.0583

37 0.071 0.1229 0000 0.0781 0.1353

42 0 0 0.0619 0.1071 0 0 0.0381 0.066

47 0 0 0.0867 0.1501 0 0 0 0

52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

57 0.1297 0.2247 000000

62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2459 0.426

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich S30.
28

* Particle Size Data From Mich S45

* Sample Taken on Feb 2 at 0015 GMT

* OP No. G1998033.02 Lat= Lon=

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev. Avg Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 30 m 30 m 40 m 40 m 44 m 44 m

1 0.0007 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002 0.0018 0.0015 0.0009 0.0006 0.0003 0.0003

2 0.0046 0.0038 0.0041 0.0024 0.0106 0.009 0.0069 0.0042 0.0033 0.0039

3 0.0127 0.0091 0.0139 0.0083 0.0378 0.0318 0.0139 0.0068 0.0079 0.008

4 0.0254 0.0207 0.0205 0.0115 0.0442 0.0417 0.0255 0.0123 0.0183 0.0223

5 0.0298 0.0258 0.0245 0.0091 0.048 0.0588 0.0316 0.011 0.0211 0.0234

6 0.0308 0.0194 0.0261 0.0111 0.0477 0.0369 0.0444 0.0305 0.0302 0.0298

7 0.0306 0.0177 0.0389 0.0156 0.0786 0.077 0.0467 0.0097 0.0221 0.0305

8 0.0428 0.0441 0.0705 0.0271 0.0832 0.0688 0.0483 0.0375 0.0523 0.0749

9 0.0923 0.1011 0.0687 0.0357 0.0555 0.0526 0.0608 0.033 0.0215 0.0185

10 0.0483 0.0432 0.0594 0.05 0.0581 0.096 0.0358 0.0142 0.0372 0.0256

11 0.0577 0.0425 0.0375 0.0136 0.1161 0.1088 0.0861 0.0408 0.0828 0.1064

12 0.0134 0.0186 0.0473 0.0221 0 0 0.0421 0.0384 0.0355 0.0616

13 0.0147 0.0255 0.0386 0.0396 0.002 0.0034 0.0109 0.0188 0.0064 0.011

14 0.032 0.0478 0.0623 0.0696 0.0074 0.0129 0.0177 0.0307 0.0119 0.0207

15 0.043 0.0565 0.0573 0.0992 0.1074 0.1628 0.0707 0.0735 0.0841 0.1098

16 0.0274 0.0475 0.0087 0.015 0.0037 0.0064 0.0203 0.0351 0.0059 0.0103

17 0.078 0.0546 0.0588 0.0203 0.0116 0.0202 0.0614 0.0433 0.0319 0.0497

22 0.0437 0.0488 0.0618 0.0432 0.0042 0.0073 0.0341 0.0021 0.0484 0.0837

27 0.0214 0.0371 0.0423 0.0411 0.0233 0.0404 0.0415 0.0361 0.0472 0.0449

32 0.0357 0.0618 0.0124 0.0215 0 0 0.0725 0.0628 0 0

37 0.1129 0.1956 0.019 0.033 0 0 0 0 0 0

42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0736 0.1274 0 0

47 0 0 0 0 0.041 0.071 0 0 0 0

52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1545 0.2677 0 0

57 0.2018 0.3495 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1402 0.2428

62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 0 0 0.2269 0.1965 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0.2178 0.3773 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2915 0.5049

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich S45.
29

* Particle Size Data From Mich G15

* Sample Taken on Jan 31 at 0950 GMT

* OP No. G1998031.13 Lat= 41 48.05 Lon= 87 13.50

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 8 m 8 m 14 m 14 m

1 0.0013 0.0012 0.0006 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003

2 0.0088 0.0096 0.0055 0.0021 0.0028 0.0024

3 0.017 0.0153 0.012 0.0012 0.0094 0.0095

4 0.0328 0.0379 0.017 0.0012 0.0131 0.0087

5 0.0388 0.0305 0.0316 0.0183 0.027 0.0183

6 0.0545 0.0665 0.0245 0.0025 0.0302 0.0222

7 0.0397 0.0564 0.0369 0.0031 0.026 0.0227

8 0.067 0.0655 0.0628 0.0401 0.0332 0.0215

9 0.0056 0.0061 0.0308 0.0071 0.0302 0.0151

10 0.0127 0.0113 0.0638 0.0344 0.0437 0.0273

11 0.0404 0.0474 0.0395 0.036 0.0352 0.0125

12 0.0097 0.0167 0.0102 0.0176 0.0231 0.0148

13 0.0509 0.0882 0.032 0.0289 0.0179 0.0169

14 0.0636 0.1101 0.0396 0.0359 0.0105 0.0181

15 0 0 0.0199 0.0344 0.0754 0.0703

16 0 0 0.0247 0.0427 0 0

17 0.0219 0.0243 0.0941 0.0719 0.087 0.0386

22 0.052 0.0901 0.0667 0.0603 0.1245 0.0826

27 0.1111 0.0996 0.1338 0.1042 0.0922 0.024

32 0.0391 0.0677 0 0 0.085 0.0761

37 0 0 0.0469 0.0813 0 0

42 0 0 0.1083 0.1034 0.0277 0.0479

47 0.1691 0.293 0 0 0.1531 0.1745

52 0.1678 0.2906 0 0 0.0525 0.0909

57 0 0 0.0991 0.1716 0 0

62 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich G15.
30

* Particle Size Data From Mich G30

* Sample Taken on Jan 31 at 0625 GMT

* OP No. G1998031.09 Lat= 41 49.99 Lon= 87 13.45

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 25 m 25 m 29 m 29 m

1 0.0007 0.0008 0.0004 0.0003 0.0005 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003

2 0.0057 0.0051 0.0044 0.0024 0.0054 0.0042 0.0034 0.0042

3 0.0168 0.0185 0.0091 0.0042 0.0146 0.0099 0.0096 0.0114

4 0.0264 0.0277 0.0148 0.0071 0.016 0.0084 0.0161 0.019

5 0.0535 0.059 0.0297 0.0124 0.0268 0.0192 0.0314 0.041

6 0.0445 0.0319 0.0265 0.0134 0.0243 0.0265 0.037 0.0379

7 0.0394 0.0214 0.0397 0.0231 0.0256 0.0145 0.0219 0.0203

8 0.0299 0.0234 0.0492 0.009 0.0502 0.0369 0.0255 0.0159

9 0.0283 0.0414 0.0443 0.0277 0.0483 0.0316 0.0223 0.0137

10 0.0336 0.0254 0.0558 0.0174 0.0419 0.0233 0.0102 0.0088

11 0.0843 0.073 0.0718 0.0454 0.0325 0.0221 0.0127 0.0221

12 0.075 0.0563 0.0137 0.0238 0.0438 0.0345 0.0155 0.0194

13 0.0235 0.0226 0.0214 0.0371 0.003 0.0052 0.0092 0.0082

14 0.0106 0.0184 0.0352 0.033 0.0227 0.03 0.0366 0.0382

15 0.0462 0.08 0.0531 0.0463 0.0775 0.0069 0.0202 0.0252

16 0.0859 0.1488 0.02 0.0346 0 0 0.0098 0.017

17 0.0626 0.0811 0.0817 0.032 0.1783 0.0318 0.0739 0.0607

22 0.0223 0.0386 0.079 0.079 0.2153 0.0843 0.0736 0.0311

27 0.1236 0.2142 0.056 0.097 0.0259 0.0449 0.0265 0.0458

32 0.0686 0.1188 0.1334 0.1304 0.0216 0.0373 0.1282 0.1657

37 0 0 0.036 0.0624 0.0333 0.0577 0.0506 0.0511

42 0 0 0.0519 0.09 0 0 0.0747 0.1294

47 0.1184 0.205 0.0728 0.1261 0 0 0.0349 0.0605

52 0 0 0 0 0.0925 0.1602 0 0

57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1578 0.1367

67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0981 0.1699

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich G30.
31

* Particle Size Data From Mich G45

* Sample Taken on Jan 31 at 0140 GMT

* OP No. G1998031.02 Lat= 41 56.96 Lon= 87 13.44

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev. Avg Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 30 m 30 m 40 m 40 m 44 m 44 m

1 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0001 0.0002 0 0.0001 0.0001

2 0.0029 0.0034 0.0048 0.004 0.0028 0.002 0.002 0.0007 0.0018 0.0012

3 0.0084 0.0099 0.0151 0.0121 0.0068 0.0018 0.0057 0.0011 0.0065 0.005

4 0.0104 0.01 0.0263 0.0257 0.0112 0.0081 0.0104 0.0013 0.0126 0.0079

5 0.0244 0.0313 0.0388 0.0366 0.0182 0.0094 0.0144 0.0063 0.0201 0.0116

6 0.0152 0.0082 0.0413 0.0264 0.021 0.0165 0.019 0.01 0.0239 0.014

7 0.0226 0.0183 0.0519 0.031 0.0219 0.0161 0.0235 0.0139 0.0258 0.0138

8 0.0368 0.0514 0.056 0.031 0.0175 0.0027 0.0207 0.0132 0.0381 0.0312

9 0.0162 0.0172 0.0507 0.0409 0.0508 0.038 0.0254 0.0204 0.0397 0.0245

10 0.0191 0.0127 0.0383 0.0422 0.0383 0.0238 0.033 0.0122 0.035 0.0356

11 0.0173 0.0185 0.0801 0.0668 0.022 0.015 0.0222 0.0209 0.0299 0.0009

12 0.0039 0.0067 0.0327 0.0153 0 0 0.0408 0.0301 0.0341 0.0195

13 0.0062 0.007 0.0046 0.0079 0 0 0.016 0.0172 0.0303 0.019

14 0 0 0.0294 0.0437 0 0 0.0237 0.0217 0.0021 0.0036

15 0.0433 0.0435 0.1102 0.0823 0.0177 0.0307 0.0302 0.0355 0.031 0.0056

16 0 0 0 0 0.0256 0.0444 0.0106 0.0184 0.0031 0.0054

17 0.0565 0.0499 0.0443 0.0394 0.0431 0.0207 0.0614 0.0531 0.132 0.0835

22 0.0294 0.0301 0.045 0.0466 0.0388 0.0545 0.0879 0.1195 0.0544 0.0083

27 0.108 0.1446 0.0401 0.0387 0.0652 0.0579 0.0123 0.0212 0.0943 0.0116

32 0.0709 0.076 0.0321 0.0556 0.0205 0.0355 0.0587 0.0575 0.0773 0.0706

37 0.0444 0.0769 0.0331 0.0573 0.0317 0.0549 0.0592 0.1025 0 0

42 0.0789 0.0715 0 0 0.0354 0.0614 0 0 0.0235 0.0407

47 0 0 0.0757 0.1311 0 0 0 0 0.0658 0.114

52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

57 0 0 0 0 0.1159 0.2007 0 0 0 0

62 0.0522 0.0904 0 0 0.2514 0.4354 0.1484 0.2571 0.2185 0.2145

67 0.1885 0.3266 0 0 0.1438 0.2491 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0.1492 0.2584 0 0 0.2743 0.475 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0.1442 0.2498 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich G45.
32

* Particle Size Data From Mich J15

* Sample Taken on Feb 4 at 1735 GMT

* OP No. G1998035.20 Lat= 42 08.52 Lon= 86 33.08

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 8 m 8 m 14 m 14 m

1 0.0019 0.0017 0.0026 0.0022 0.0009 0.001

2 0.0196 0.0159 0.027 0.0229 0.0061 0.0059

3 0.0316 0.026 0.0435 0.0362 0.0214 0.0218

4 0.0629 0.0497 0.066 0.057 0.0348 0.0428

5 0.0373 0.0378 0.1079 0.0927 0.0336 0.0411

6 0.107 0.0859 0.0812 0.08 0.0402 0.0471

7 0.0971 0.0976 0.0428 0.0368 0.0311 0.0309

8 0.0774 0.0607 0.0815 0.0984 0.0364 0.0186

9 0.0273 0.0323 0.1142 0.0933 0.0519 0.0587

10 0.0218 0.0378 0.0034 0.0058 0.0228 0.0297

11 0.0465 0.0603 0.1106 0.1877 0.091 0.0721

12 0.0496 0.086 0 0 0.0069 0.012

13 0.1434 0.1268 0 0 0.0059 0.0102

14 0.0257 0.0445 0 0 0.0074 0.0128

15 0 0 0 0 0.0182 0.0315

16 0 0 0.0092 0.0159 0 0

17 0.0552 0.0956 0.0165 0.0286 0.0627 0.0675

22 0.0199 0.0345 0.0072 0.0124 0.0618 0.0541

27 0.0369 0.0638 0.0132 0.0229 0.0263 0.0455

32 0 0 0.022 0.0382 0.022 0.0382

37 0 0 0 0 0.0676 0.1171

42 0.1388 0.2403 0.0498 0.0863 0.1487 0.1483

47 0 0 0 0 0 0

52 0 0 0 0 0 0

57 0 0 0 0 0 0

62 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 0 0 0.2023 0.3504 0.2023 0.3504

72 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich J15.
33

* Particle Size Data From Mich J30

* Sample Taken on Feb 4 at 1000 GMT

* OP No. G1998035.14 Lat= 42 10.03 Lon= 86 36.05

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 25 m 25 m 29 m 29 m

1 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001

2 0.0057 0.0029 0.0027 0.0026 0.0035 0.0029 0.0018 0.0011

3 0.0094 0.0071 0.0073 0.0083 0.009 0.0071 0.0047 0.0023

4 0.0259 0.0209 0.0225 0.0272 0.0215 0.0247 0.0101 0.0047

5 0.0311 0.0181 0.0232 0.0214 0.0245 0.0266 0.0134 0.0041

6 0.0228 0.0195 0.0268 0.025 0.0363 0.0273 0.016 0.0077

7 0.0395 0.0151 0.0328 0.0343 0.0427 0.0483 0.0148 0.015

8 0.0355 0.0254 0.015 0.0124 0.0571 0.066 0.0122 0.0049

9 0.026 0.0161 0.0246 0.0164 0.0428 0.0445 0.0217 0.0067

10 0.0267 0.0269 0.0305 0.0301 0.0444 0.0316 0.0198 0.0128

11 0.0411 0.0445 0.0465 0.033 0.0678 0.0474 0.0221 0.0137

12 0.0103 0.0179 0.0137 0.0238 0.0384 0.0665 0.0188 0.0027

13 0.0064 0.0111 0.033 0.0337 0.0056 0.0097 0.0038 0.0065

14 0.0244 0.0246 0.0149 0.0165 0.0203 0.0352 0 0

15 0 0 0.0796 0.117 0.1453 0.2086 0.0167 0.0163

16 0.0245 0.0424 0 0 0.0338 0.0498 0.0345 0.0597

17 0.1129 0.0713 0.0388 0.0228 0.0227 0.0232 0.0597 0.0232

22 0.0452 0.0513 0.0457 0.0396 0.0488 0.0423 0.0485 0.0446

27 0.2795 0.187 0.0915 0.0803 0.0601 0.0521 0.0542 0.0938

32 0.092 0.1163 0.0305 0.0282 0.0501 0.0434 0.0591 0.1024

37 0 0 0.0184 0.0318 0.0375 0.065 0.0979 0.1696

42 0.0402 0.0697 0.0269 0.0465 0 0 0.2768 0.2401

47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

52 0 0 0.1307 0.1211 0 0 0.1934 0.3351

57 0.1006 0.1742 0 0 0 0 0 0

62 0 0 0.1351 0.234 0.1875 0.3248 0 0

67 0 0 0.1091 0.1889 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich J30.
34

* Particle Size Data From Mich J45

* Sample Taken on Feb 4 at 0715 GMT

* OP No. G1998035.09 Lat= 42 11.13 Lon= 86 38.96

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev. Avg Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 30 m 30 m 40 m 40 m 44 m 44 m

1 0.0004 0.0002 0.0003 0.0001 0.0007 0.0001 0.0006 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003

2 0.0036 0.002 0.003 0.0028 0.0062 0.0031 0.0056 0.003 0.0034 0.0032

3 0.0074 0.002 0.0079 0.0065 0.0137 0.0059 0.0117 0.0071 0.01 0.0068

4 0.0132 0.004 0.0108 0.004 0.0206 0.0038 0.0198 0.0137 0.0827 0.0749

5 0.0157 0.0064 0.0152 0.0057 0.0219 0.0085 0.0228 0.0026 0.0348 0.0346

6 0.0323 0.0111 0.0242 0.013 0.0219 0.001 0.0324 0.0144 0.0468 0.0469

7 0.0267 0.0214 0.04 0.0415 0.0271 0.0069 0.0174 0.0081 0.0198 0.0084

8 0.0368 0.0256 0.0482 0.0267 0.0449 0.0132 0.0258 0.0318 0.0366 0.0277

9 0.0252 0.0236 0.0342 0.0214 0.0345 0.0241 0.0406 0.0079 0.0565 0.0439

10 0.0441 0.0289 0.0316 0.0097 0.0422 0.0219 0.0593 0.036 0.0321 0.031

11 0.0434 0.0318 0.046 0.0177 0.0278 0.0244 0.0696 0.0974 0.0155 0.0134

12 0.0527 0.0418 0.0074 0.0128 0.0101 0.0175 0.0419 0.0054 0.0881 0.1395

13 0.0473 0.0497 0.0356 0.0187 0.0251 0.0434 0.0789 0.0255 0.0127 0.0219

14 0.0083 0.0143 0.0493 0.0577 0 0 0.032 0.0338 0.0478 0.0474

15 0.0321 0.0329 0.0353 0.0347 0 0 0.0424 0.0463 0.0397 0.0688

16 0.0411 0.0712 0.0148 0.0256 0 0 0.0371 0.0643 0.1374 0.0633

17 0.1001 0.0377 0.069 0.0599 0.1256 0.0739 0.0569 0.0433 0.0572 0.0496

22 0.1397 0.0942 0.1759 0.1271 0.1999 0.233 0.0238 0.0411 0.0747 0.0752

27 0.0831 0.144 0.1171 0.1041 0.0177 0.0307 0.1135 0.0892 0.0458 0.0397

32 0.1454 0.1389 0.1881 0.0866 0.059 0.1022 0.0244 0.0422 0.0386 0.0668

37 0.1016 0.176 0.0462 0.0801 0 0 0 0 0 0

42 0 0 0 0 0.0667 0.1156 0 0 0 0

47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0772 0.1337 0.1196 0.2072

52 0 0 0 0 0.2343 0.4058 0 0 0 0

57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1666 0.2885 0 0

67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich J45.
35

* Particle Size Data From Mich R15

* Sample Taken on Jan 29 at 0035 GMT

* OP No. G1998029.02 Lat= 42 44.99 Lon= 87 43.52

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 8 m 8 m 14 m 14 m

1 0.001 0.0012 0.0019 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001

2 0.0093 0.0118 0.0212 0.0086 0.0021 0.0011

3 0.0152 0.0168 0.0386 0.0156 0.0054 0.0027

4 0.0287 0.0394 0.0351 0.0082 0.0122 0.0044

5 0.0183 0.0165 0.049 0.0368 0.0157 0.0062

6 0.0437 0.0508 0.0356 0.0138 0.0237 0.0126

7 0.0275 0.0221 0.0729 0.0269 0.0283 0.007

8 0.0385 0.0343 0.1019 0.0759 0.035 0.0127

9 0.0189 0.0299 0.0806 0.0298 0.0474 0.0215

10 0.0647 0.0854 0 0 0.0597 0.0368

11 0.0167 0.0289 0.181 0.0335 0.0443 0.0251

12 0.0054 0.0094 0 0 0.0139 0.0133

13 0 0 0 0 0.012 0.0105

14 0.1664 0.245 0.0326 0.0565 0.0251 0.0047

15 0.0423 0.0732 0.2094 0.0772 0.0556 0.0353

16 0 0 0 0 0.0255 0.0231

17 0.0308 0.0533 0.0117 0.0202 0.0646 0.0183

22 0.0074 0.0128 0.0506 0.0877 0.0721 0.0675

27 0.0667 0.0605 0 0 0.0588 0.0498

32 0.0555 0.0504 0.0779 0.1349 0.0218 0.0203

37 0.0353 0.0611 0 0 0.0323 0.056

42 0 0 0 0 0.0189 0.0328

47 0.0723 0.1252 0 0 0.1114 0.1304

52 0 0 0 0 0 0

57 0 0 0 0 0 0

62 0.2381 0.4124 0 0 0.0975 0.1689

67 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0.1165 0.2019

82 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich R15.
36

* Particle Size Data From Mich R30

* Sample Taken on Jan 28 at 2230 GMT

* OP No. G1998028.07 Lat= 42 45.06 Lon= 87 39.00

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 25 m 25 m 29 m 29 m

1 0.0011 0.0009 0.0009 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003

2 0.008 0.0064 0.0072 0.0044 0.0025 0.0017 0.0028 0.0017

3 0.0257 0.0191 0.0201 0.014 0.0044 0.0009 0.0083 0.005

4 0.0354 0.0274 0.0334 0.0215 0.0073 0.0032 0.0113 0.0074

5 0.0417 0.0282 0.043 0.0318 0.0136 0.0161 0.0121 0.0061

6 0.0363 0.0355 0.0324 0.0156 0.0131 0.014 0.0218 0.0107

7 0.0687 0.0743 0.0473 0.0156 0.0237 0.0103 0.0212 0.0119

8 0.0583 0.0509 0.084 0.0505 0.0154 0.0031 0.0232 0.0195

9 0.1056 0.0805 0.0725 0.0097 0.0162 0.0189 0.0283 0.011

10 0.0387 0.0542 0.0574 0.0288 0.0299 0.036 0.0265 0.0262

11 0.0405 0.0233 0.0381 0.0332 0.009 0.0104 0.0135 0.0234

12 0.0215 0.0317 0.0204 0.0182 0.0029 0.005 0.011 0.0137

13 0.0547 0.0806 0.0149 0.0257 0 0 0 0

14 0.0492 0.0678 0.0552 0.0957 0.0185 0.0214 0 0

15 0.1274 0.1158 0.0796 0.0712 0.0142 0.0131 0.0044 0.0075

16 0 0 0.0483 0.0432 0 0 0.0257 0.0445

17 0.0181 0.0314 0.1104 0.0358 0.0463 0.0259 0.0779 0.0551

22 0.0098 0.017 0.0672 0.034 0.0166 0.0287 0.124 0.1071

27 0.0272 0.0472 0.0619 0.0858 0.0928 0.0288 0.0936 0.0901

32 0.0302 0.0523 0.0143 0.0248 0.0289 0.0262 0.0079 0.0137

37 0 0 0.0912 0.1058 0.0524 0.0907 0.0866 0.15

42 0.0683 0.1184 0 0 0.0269 0.0467 0.1128 0.1954

47 0.0479 0.0829 0 0 0 0 0.0251 0.0435

52 0 0 0 0 0.1454 0.2518 0 0

57 0.0854 0.1479 0 0 0.096 0.1662 0.0448 0.0776

62 0 0 0 0 0.1235 0.2139 0.0576 0.0998

67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0.2006 0.3474 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1592 0.2758

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich R30.
37

* Particle Size Data From Mich R45

* Sample Taken on Jan 28 at 2120 GMT

* OP No. G1998028.05 Lat= 42 45.05 Lon= 87 36.33

* Averaged Data from three trials, represented as Fraction Mass

Bin size Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std. Dev. Avg. Std Dev. Avg Std. Dev.

(μm) 1 m 1 m 15 m 15 m 30 m 30 m 40 m 40 m 44 m 44 m

1 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0007 0.0007 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005

2 0.0036 0.0033 0.0029 0.0028 0.0071 0.006 0.0046 0.0038 0.0048 0.0057

3 0.0101 0.008 0.0089 0.0098 0.0152 0.0124 0.0127 0.0076 0.0128 0.0123

4 0.0197 0.0173 0.0212 0.0196 0.0301 0.028 0.0212 0.0118 0.0194 0.0152

5 0.0346 0.0268 0.0231 0.013 0.021 0.0141 0.0257 0.0096 0.0334 0.0347

6 0.045 0.0463 0.0306 0.0269 0.0503 0.0406 0.0266 0.0158 0.0433 0.0337

7 0.0415 0.0342 0.0257 0.0214 0.0376 0.0317 0.0223 0.0052 0.0556 0.0627

8 0.0244 0.0105 0.0195 0.0122 0.0472 0.0419 0.023 0.0252 0.0404 0.0285

9 0.0536 0.0435 0.0371 0.0313 0.0494 0.0535 0.0417 0.0283 0.0433 0.0272

10 0.0518 0.0423 0.042 0.0229 0.0101 0.0095 0.031 0.0105 0.05 0.0288

11 0.0423 0.0363 0.0194 0.0027 0.032 0.039 0.0283 0.0075 0.0655 0.0605

12 0.0044 0.0077 0.0175 0.0103 0.024 0.0359 0.0062 0.0107 0.0428 0.0538

13 0.0042 0.0073 0.0364 0.0354 0.0056 0.0098 0 0 0.015 0.0161

14 0.0018 0.0031 0.0062 0.0107 0.0564 0.0483 0 0 0.0067 0.0115

15 0.0022 0.0038 0.0025 0.0043 0.013 0.0225 0 0 0.0082 0.0142

16 0.0203 0.0229 0.0061 0.0106 0.0789 0.0797 0 0 0.0081 0.0139

17 0.0524 0.0256 0.077 0.0453 0.0558 0.028 0.0566 0.0206 0.0736 0.0051

22 0.0544 0.0215 0.0686 0.0265 0.0763 0.0271 0.0576 0.0225 0.1 0.0632

27 0.0703 0.0161 0.1006 0.0788 0.0811 0.0578 0.0812 0.0978 0.0873 0.0648

32 0.0597 0.0605 0.0544 0.0523 0.0273 0.0472 0.0623 0.0541 0.0558 0.0516

37 0.0455 0.0448 0.0269 0.0466 0.0281 0.0487 0 0 0.0339 0.0587

42 0.0771 0.0819 0.0394 0.0682 0 0 0.1471 0.2547 0.0767 0.1328

47 0.1374 0.1211 0.0276 0.0478 0.0871 0.1509 0 0 0 0

52 0.0866 0.1499 0 0 0.039 0.0676 0.2147 0.2269 0 0

57 0.057 0.0987 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

62 0 0 0.1266 0.2193 0 0 0 0 0.1233 0.2135

67 0 0 0.1798 0.3113 0 0 0.1369 0.2371 0 0

72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

77 0 0 0 0 0.1266 0.2193 0 0 0 0

82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 (cont).--Particle size data for Station Mich R45.