ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS ENCYCLOPEDIA

REFERENCES ENTRY

A LISTING OF REFERENCES BY NUMBER

July 1, 1997

COMPILERS/EDITORS: 

ROY J. IRWIN, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

WITH ASSISTANCE FROM COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY

STUDENT ASSISTANT CONTAMINANTS SPECIALISTS:

MARK VAN MOUWERIK

LYNETTE STEVENS

MARION DUBLER SEESE

WENDY BASHAM

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 

WATER RESOURCES DIVISIONS, WATER OPERATIONS BRANCH

1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 250

FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80525 
WARNING/DISCLAIMERS: 

Where specific products, books, or laboratories are

mentioned, no official U.S. government endorsement is

intended or implied. 

Digital format users: No software was independently

developed for this project. Technical questions related

to software should be directed to the manufacturer of

whatever software is being used to read the files. Adobe

Acrobat PDF files are supplied to allow use of this

product with a wide variety of software, hardware, and

operating systems (DOS, Windows, MAC, and UNIX). 

This document was put together by human beings, mostly by

compiling or summarizing what other human beings have

written. Therefore, it most likely contains some

mistakes and/or potential misinterpretations and should

be used primarily as a way to search quickly for basic

information and information sources. It should not be

viewed as an exhaustive, "last-word" source for critical

applications (such as those requiring legally defensible

information). For critical applications (such as

litigation applications), it is best to use this document

to find sources, and then to obtain the original

documents and/or talk to the authors before depending too

heavily on a particular piece of information.

Like a library or many large databases (such as EPA's

national STORET water quality database), this document

contains information of variable quality from very

diverse sources. In compiling this document, mistakes

were found in peer reviewed journal articles, as well as

in databases with relatively elaborate quality control

mechanisms [366,649,940]. A few of these were caught

and marked with a "[sic]" notation, but undoubtedly

others slipped through. The [sic] notation was inserted

by the editors to indicate information or spelling that

seemed wrong or misleading, but which was nevertheless

cited verbatim rather than arbitrarily changing what the

author said.

 

Most likely additional transcription errors and typos

have been added in some of our efforts. Furthermore,

with such complex subject matter, it is not always easy

to determine what is correct and what is incorrect,

especially with the "experts" often disagreeing. It is

not uncommon in scientific research for two different

researchers to come up with different results which lead

them to different conclusions. In compiling the

Encyclopedia, the editors did not try to resolve such

conflicts, but rather simply reported it all.
It should be kept in mind that data comparability is a

major problem in environmental toxicology since

laboratory and field methods are constantly changing and

since there are so many different "standard methods"

published by EPA, other federal agencies, state agencies,

and various private groups. What some laboratory and

field investigators actually do for standard operating

practice is often a unique combination of various

standard protocols and impromptu "improvements." In

fact, the interagency task force on water methods

concluded that [1014]:

It is the exception rather than the rule that

water-quality monitoring data from different

programs or time periods can be compared on a

scientifically sound basis, and that...

No nationally accepted standard definitions exist

for water quality parameters. The different

organizations may collect data using identical or

standard methods, but identify them by different

names, or use the same names for data collected by

different methods [1014].

Differences in field and laboratory methods are also

major issues related to (the lack of) data comparability

from media other than water: soil, sediments, tissues,

and air. 

In spite of numerous problems and complexities, knowledge

is often power in decisions related to chemical

contamination. It is therefore often helpful to be aware

of a broad universe of conflicting results or conflicting

expert opinions rather than having a portion of this

information arbitrarily censored by someone else.

Frequently one wants to know of the existence of

information, even if one later decides not to use it for

a particular application. Many would like to see a high

percentage of the information available and decide for

themselves what to throw out, partly because they don't

want to seem uniformed or be caught by surprise by

potentially important information. They are in a better

position if they can say: "I knew about that data,

assessed it based on the following quality assurance

criteria, and decided not to use it for this

application." This is especially true for users near the

end of long decision processes, such as hazardous site

cleanups, lengthy ecological risk assessments, or complex

natural resource damage assessments.

For some categories, the editors found no information and

inserted the phrase "no information found." This does

not necessarily mean that no information exists; it
simply means that during our efforts, the editors found

none. For many topics, there is probably information

"out there" that is not in the Encyclopedia. The more

time that passes without encyclopedia updates (none are

planned at the moment), the more true this statement will

become. Still, the Encyclopedia is unique in that it

contains broad ecotoxicology information from more

sources than many other reference documents. No updates

of this document are currently planned. However, it is

hoped that most of the information in the encyclopedia

will be useful for some time to come even without

updates, just as one can still find information in the

1972 EPA Blue Book [12] that does not seem well

summarized anywhere else. 

Although the editors of this document have done their

best in the limited time available to insure accuracy of

quotes or summaries as being "what the original author

said," the proposed interagency funding of a bigger

project with more elaborate peer review and quality

control steps never materialized. 

The bottom line: The editors hope users find this

document useful, but don't expect or depend on

perfection herein. Neither the U.S. Government nor

the National Park Service make any claims that this

document is free of mistakes.

The following is a listing of references given as numbers

in brackets in all other entries. Before utilizing this

entry, the reader is strongly encouraged to read the

README file (in this subdirectory) for an introduction,

an explanation of how to use this document in general, an

explanation of how to search for power key section

headings, an explanation of the organization of each

entry, an information quality discussion, a discussion of

copyright issues, and a listing of other entries (other

topics) covered. 

Not all of the references listed here are cited in the

118 files provided as part of this product. This list of

references is a master list used by Roy Irwin and others

in the NPS. Some references are cited only in other

internal Park Service documents and files, but it was

decided not to separate and renumber the citations for

the 118 files being distributed now, in order to minimize

the chance of introducing mistakes in the translation to

other numbers.

HOW TO CITE THIS DOCUMENT: As mentioned above, for

critical applications it is better to obtain and cite the

original publication after first verifying various data

quality assurance concerns. For more routine

applications, this document may be cited as:
Irwin, R.J., M. VanMouwerik, L. Stevens, M.D.

Seese, and W. Basham. 1997. Environmental

Contaminants Encyclopedia. National Park Service,

Water Resources Division, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Distributed within the Federal Government as an

Electronic Document (Projected public availability

on the internet or NTIS: 1998).
References, Numerical Order

1. Hoffman, D.J., M.B. Camardese, L.J. LeCaptain, and G. W.

Pendelton. 1990. Effects of boron on growth and physiology in

mallard ducklings. Reprinted with permission from

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.9:335-346.

Copyright 1990 SETAC.

2. Ankley, G.T, A. Katko, and J. Arthur. 1990. Identification

of ammonia as an important sediment-associated toxicant in the

Lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin. Reprinted with

permission from Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.9:313-322. Copyright 1990 SETAC.

3. North Central Texas Council of Governments. l984. Assessment

of surface water quality monitoring in north central Texas.

Report to the Texas Department of Water Resources. Department

of Environmental Resources. Arlington, TX.

4. Andreasen, J.K. 1985. Insecticide resistance in mosquitofish

of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas-an ecological hazard?

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14:573-577.

5. Passino, D.R. and S.B. Smith. 1987. Acute bioassays and

hazard evaluation of representative contaminants detected in

Great Lakes fish. Reprinted with permission from Environmental

Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.6:901-907. Copyright 1987 SETAC.

6. Espey, Huston & Associates. 1984. Evaluation of Town Lake

alternatives. Report to the City of Dallas. Richardson, TX.

7. Davis, J.R. 1987. Analysis of fish kills and associated water

quality conditions in the Trinity River, Texas. I. Review of

historical data, 1970-1985. Texas Water Commission Report No.

LP-87-02. Austin, TX. 

8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1982. Fate of priority

pollutants in publicly owned treatment works. EPA Report No.

440/1-82/303. Effluent Guidelines Division. Washington, D.C.

9. Schmitt, C.J., J.L. Zajicek and M.A. Ribick. 1985. National

pesticide monitoring program: residues of organochlorine

chemicals in freshwater fish, 1980-81. Arch. Environ. Contam.

Toxicol. 14:225-260.

10. Eisler, R. 1986. Polychlorinated biphenyl hazards to fish,

wildlife, and invertebrates: A synoptic review. U.S. Fish

Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(1.7).

11. Mackay, D. 1988. On low, very low, and negligible
concentrations. Reprinted with permission from Environmental

Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.7:1-3. Copyright 1988 SETAC.

12. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering.

1973. Water Quality Criteria 1972 (Blue Book). Ecological

Research Series, EPA-R3-73-033, 594 pp.

13. Grewel, B. 1985. Turtling in Texas. Texas Fisherman June

1985:31-34.

14. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. l984. Polychlorinated

biphenyls (PCBs) in fish and shellfish; reduction of

tolerances; final decision. In Federal Register 21 CFR Part

109:21514-21520.

15. Lincer, J.L. and D.B. Peakall. 1970. Metabolic effects of

polychlorinated biphenyls in the American kestrel. Nature

228:783-784.

16. Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague. 1983.

Synergistic effects of Arochlor 1254 and Mirex on the semen

characteristics of American kestrels. Arch. Environ. Contam.

Toxicol. 12:633-640.

17. Fyfe, R.W., R.W. Risebrough and W. Walker. 1976. Pollutant

effects on the reproduction of the prairie falcons and merlins

of the Canadian prairies. Can. Field. Nat. 90:346-355.

18. Newton, I. and J. Bogan. 1978. The role of different

organochlorine compounds in the breeding of British sparrow

hawks. J. Appl. Ecol. 15:105-116.

19. Brumbaugh, W.G. and D.A. Kane. 1985. Variability of aluminum

concentrations in organs and whole bodies of smallmouth bass.

Environ. Sci. Technol. 19: 828-831. Abstracted with

permission from Environmental Science and Technology.

Copyright 1985 American Chemical Society.

20. Walsh, D.F., B.L. Berger and J.R. Bean. 1977. Mercury,

arsenic, lead, cadmium, and selenium residues in fish. 1971-

1973-National Pesticide Monitoring Program. Pestic. Monit. J.

11:5-34.

21. Eisler, R. 1988. Arsenic hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

Biol. Rep. 85(1.12), 92 pp.

22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. l980. Ambient water

quality criteria for beryllium. EPA Report 440/5-80-024.

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

23. Lowe, T.P., T.W. May, W.G. Brumbaugh and D.A. Kane. 1985.

National contaminant biomonitoring program: concentrations of
seven elements in freshwater fish, 1978-1981. Arch. Environ.

Contam. Toxicol. 14:363-388.

24. Eisler, R. 1986. Chromium hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

Biol. Rep. 85(1.6), 60 pp.

25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for copper. EPA Report 440/5-80-036. National

Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. Also

available as a January 1985 revision (NTIS PB0227023}. 

26. Schneider, R.F. 1971. The impact of various heavy metals on

the aquatic environment. EPA Technical Report of Denver Field

Investigation Center 2:5-7.

27. Schmitt, C.J. and S.E. Finger. 1987. The effects of sample

preparation on measured concentrations of eight elements in

edible tissues of fish from streams contaminated by lead

mining. Arch Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16:185-207.

28. National Research Council. 1980. Subcommittee on Mineral

Toxicity in Animals. National Academy Press. Washington, D.C.

29. Demayo, A., M.C. Taylor, K.W. Taylor and P.V. Hodson. 1980.

Toxic effects of lead and lead compounds on human health,

aquatic life, wildlife plant, and livestock. CRC Critical

Reviews in Environ. Control 12:257-305.

30. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for lead. EPA Report 440/5-80-057. National

Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

31. Reeder, S.W. 1979. Mercury. In Guidelines for surface water

quality, Vol. 1. Inorganic Chemical Substances Inland Waters

Directorate, Water Quality Branch, Ottawa, Canada.

32. Phillips, G.R., P.A. Medvick, D.R. Skaar and D.E. Knight.

1987. Factors affecting the mobilization, transport, and

bioavailability of mercury in reservoirs of the upper Missouri

River Basin. Fish and Wildl. Tech. Rep. 10:1-64.

33. Eisler, R. 1987. Mercury hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

Biol. Rep. 85(1.10), 90 pp.

34. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for mercury. EPA Report 440/5-80-058.

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

35. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for nickel. EPA Report 440/5-80-060. National

Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
36. Baumann, P.C. and R.B. Gillespie. 1986. Selenium

bioaccumulation in gonads of largemouth bass and bluegill from

three power plant reservoirs. Environmental Toxicology and

Chemistry, Vol.5:695-701. Copyright 1986 SETAC. 

37. Eisler, R. 1985. Selenium hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

Biol. Rep. 85(1.5), 57 pp.

38. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for selenium. EPA Report 440/5-80-070.

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

39. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for zinc. EPA Report 440/5-80-079. National

Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA.

40. Eisler, R. 1987. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hazards to

fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S.

Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(1.11), 81 pp.

41. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. EPA

Report 440/5-80-069. National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, VA.

42. Browning, R. 1984. Evaluation of certain toxic substances in

segment 0804 of the Trinity River. Trinity River Authority.

Arlington, TX.

43. Hoffman, E.J., J.S. Latimer, C.D. Hunt, G.L. Mills and J.G.

Quinn. 1984. Stormwater runoff from highways. Water, Air, and

Soil Pollution, pp. 349-364. 

44. Haywood, D.D. and R.D. Ohmart. 1986. Utilization of benthicfeeding fish by inland breeding bald eagles. The Condor

88:35-42.

45. Dick, M. 1982. Pesticide and PCB concentrations in Texas

water, sediment, and fish tissue. Texas Department of Water

Resources Report 264. Austin, TX.

46. Health and Environment Network. 1987. Municipal Solid Waste:

Can we landfill it? Health and Environment 1:1-3.

47. Herbert, D.M. and J.M. Vandyke. 1964. The toxicity to fish

of mixtures of poisons. Ann. Appl. Biol. 53:415-421. 

48. Wiener, J.G., R.V. Anderson and D.R. McConville. 1984.

Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River. Proceedings, 15th

Annual Meeting of the Mississippi River Research Consortium.

Available from Butterworth Publishers, Boston, MA. 
49. City of Dallas. 1977. Urban storm runoff sampling program,

storm of February 11, 1977. Report of the Water Utilities

Operations Analysis Division. Dallas, TX.

50. Karr, J.R, K.D. Fausch, P.L. Angermeirer, P.R. Yant and I.J.

Schlosser. 1986. Assessing biological integrity in running

waters, a method and its rationale. Illinois Natural History

Survey Special Publication 5. Champaign, IL.

51. Jolley, R.L., R.B. Cumming, N.E. Lee, L.R. Lewis, J.E.

Thompson, W.W. Pitt, M.S. Denton and S.J. Hartman. 1982.

Nonvolatile Organics in Disinfected Wastewater Effluents:

Chemical Characterization and Mutagenicity. Project Summary

600/S2-82-017. EPA Municipal Environmental Research

Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 1-3. 

52. Irwin, William H. 1963. Fifty-seven species of fish in oilrefinery waste bioassay. Proc. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 30:89-99.

53. Besser, J.M. and C.F. Rabeni. 1987. Bioavailability and

toxicity of metals leached from lead-mine tailings to aquatic

invertebrates. Reprinted with permission from Environmental

Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.6:879-890. Copyright 1987 SETAC.

54. Texas Christian University Biology Department. 1971.

Industrial Wastes: Effects on Trinity River Ecology. EPA

Water Pollution Control Research Series, Project Number 18050

DBB, pp. 1-97.

55. Jackson, T.A. 1978. The biogeochemistry of heavy metals in

polluted lakes and streams at Flin Flon, Canada, and a

proposed method for limiting heavy metal pollution in natural

waters. Environ. Geol. 2:173-189.

56. Palma, V.D. 1986. Trinity River fish kill report. Texas

Parks and Wildlife Department. Austin, TX.

57. Rompala, J.M., F.W. Rutosky and D.J. Putnam. 1984.

Concentrations of environmental contaminants from selected

waters in Pennsylvania. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service report.

State College, PA.

58. Keith, L.H. and W.A. Telliard. 1979. Priority Pollutants: Ia perspective view. Eniviron. Sci. and Toxicol. 13:416-423.

59. International Joint Commission United States and Canada.

1988. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Amended by

protocol signed November 18, 1987. Ottawa, Canada.

60. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for polychlorinated biphenyls. EPA Report

440/5-80-068. National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, VA.
61. Friberg, L., G.F. Nordberg and V.B. Vouk. 1979. Handbook on

the Toxicology of Metals. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical

Press, New York, NY.

62. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1987. A

summary of selected data on chemical contaminants in tissues

collected in 1984, 1985, and 1986. NOAA Technical Memorandum

NOS OMA 38, Rockville, MD. 

63. Lemly, A.D. and G.J. Smith. 1987. Aquatic cycling of

selenium: Implications for fish and wildlife. Fish and Wildl.

Leaflet 12:1-10.

64. Robbins, L.W., G.D. Hartman and M.H. Smith. 1987. Dispersal,

reproductive strategies, and the maintenance of genetic

variability in mosquitofish. Copeia 1:156-164.

65. Irwin, R.J. 1989. Contaminants in fish and wildlife of the Rio

Grande River, Big Bend National Park. Contaminants Report.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fort Worth, TX. 

66. Eisler, R. 1988. Lead hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

Biol. Rep. 85(1.14), 134 pp.

67. Ruelle, R. 1986. Indicator organisms as evaluators of PCB

migrations from a superfund site. Proceedings, 1986 Hazardous

Materials Spills Conference, St. Louis, MO, May 5-8, 1986, pp.

221-230.

68. King, K.A., C.J. Stafford, B.W. Cain, A.J. Mueller and H.D.

Hall. 1987. Industrial, agricultural, and petroleum

contaminants in cormorants wintering near the Houston Ship

Channel, Texas, USA. Colonial Waterbirds 10:93-99.

69. Coates, M., D.W. Connell, J. Bodero, G.J. Miller and R. Back.

1986. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in Great Barrier Reef organisms

and environment. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science 23:99-

113.

70. Krahn, M., M.S. Myers, D.G. Burrows and D.C. Malins. 1984.

Determination of metabolites of xenobiotics in the bile of

fish from polluted waterways. Xenobiotica 14:633-646.

71. Warshaw, S. 1976. Metals concentrations in water and sediment

of Texas. Special Report No. SR-4. Texas Water Quality

Board, Austin, TX.

 

72. Gore, J.A. and R.M. Bryant. 1986. Changes in fish and

benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages along the impounded

Arkansas River. Jour. Freshwater Ecol. 3:333-338.

73. Paller, M.H., R.C. Heidinger and W.M. Lewis. 1988. Impact of
non-chlorinated secondary and tertiary effluents on warm water

fish communities. Water Resources Bull. 24:65-76.

74. Texas Water Quality Board. 1977. Intensive Surface Water

Quality Monitoring Survey for segment 0804, 0805, 0806, 0819,

0822, Trinity River. Report No. IMS 57. Austin, TX.

75. Hoffman, D.J., W.C. Eastin and M.L. Gay. 1982. Embryotoxic

and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 63:230-241.

76. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for chlordane. EPA Report 440/5-80-027.

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA..

77. Saiki, M.K. 1986. Concentrations of selenium in aquatic foodchain organisms exposed to agricultural tile drainage water.

Proceedings, 2nd Selenium Symposium, Berkeley, CA, March 23,

1985. 

78. O'Brien, T.F. 1987. Organochlorine and heavy metal

contaminant investigation for the San Juan River basin, New

Mexico, 1984. Contaminants Report of the Albuquerque Field

Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM.

79. Kepner, W.G. 1986. Lower Gila River Contaminant Study.

Contaminants Report of the Phoenix Field Office, U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, Phoenix, AZ.

80. Lu, J.C, B. Eichenberger and R.J. Stearns. 1982. Leachate

from Municipal Landfills. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

81. Black, J.J. 1984. Aquatic animal neoplasia as an indicator

for carcinogenic hazards to man. In J. Saxena, ed., Hazard

Assessment of Chemicals, Vol. 3 - Current Developments.

Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 181-232.

82. Black, J., H. Fox, P.Black and F. Bock. 1985. Carcinogenic

effects of river sediment extracts in fish and mice. In R.L.

Jolley, R.J. Bull, W.P. Davis, S. Katz, M. H. Roberts, and

V.A. Jacobs, eds, Water Chlorination, Vol. 5, Lewis

Publishers, an Imprint of CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 415-

427. 

83. Jenkins, Dale W. 1981. Biological monitoring of toxic trace

elements. EPA Report 600/S3-80-090, pp. 1-9. 

84. Capuzzo, J.M., A. McElroy and G. Wallace. 1987. Fish and

shellfish contamination in New England waters: An evaluation

and review of available data on the distribution of chemical

contaminants. Coast Alliance, Washington, D.C.

85. Brown, K.W. and K.C. Donnelly. 1988. An estimation of the
risk associated with the organic constituents of hazardous and

municipal waste landfill leachates. Hazardous Waste and

Hazardous Materials 5:1-29.

86. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Briefing report

to the EPA Science Advisory Board on the equilibrium

partitioning approach to generating sediment quality criteria.

EPA 440/5-89-002. EPA Office of Water, Criteria and Standards

Division, Washington, D.C.

87. Baumann, P.C., W.D. Smith and W.K. Parland. Tumor frequencies

and contaminant concentrations in brown bullheads from an

industrialized river and a recreation lake. Jour. Amer. Fish.

Soc. 116:79-86.

88. Wilford, W.A., M.J. Mac and R.J. Hesselberg. 1987. Assessing

the bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediments by fish and

other aquatic organisms. Hydrobiologia 149:107-111.

89. Mehrle, P.M., L. Cleveland and D.R. Buckler. 1987. Chronic

toxicity of an environmental contaminant mixture to young (or

larval) striped bass. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 35:107-

118.

90. Schmitt, C.J., S.E. Finger, T.W. May and M.S. Kaiser. 1987.

Bioavailability of lead and cadmium from mine tailings to the

pocketbook mussel. Proceedings, Workshop on Die-Offs of

Freshwater Mussels in the U.S., Richard J. Neves, ed., U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, MO.

91. Davis, J.R. and M.V. Bastian. 1988. Analysis of fish kills

and associated water quality conditions of the Trinity River,

Texas, II: Results of phase I studies. Report LP 88-06, Texas

Water Commission, Austin, TX.

92. Pritchard, P.H. 1985. Fate of environmental pollutants.

Jour. Wat. Poll. Contl. Fed. 57:658-667. 

93. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. 1987. Notice of the first

priority list of hazardous substances that will be the subject

of toxicological profiles. In Federal Register 52:12866-12874.

94. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Process Design

Manual for land concentration of municipal sludge. EPA,

Cincinnati, OH.

95. Munawar, M., R.L. Thomas, H. Shear, P. McKee and A. Murdoch.

1984. An overview of sediment-associated contaminant and

their bioassessment. Canad. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquatic Sci.

1253:1-136.

96. Eyres, J.P. and M. Pugh-Thomas. 1978. Heavy metal pollution
of the river Irwell demonstrated by analysis of substrate

materials and macroinvertebrate tissue. Environ. Pollut.

16:129-136.

97. Weber, J.W. and B.E. Jones. 1986. Toxic substance removal in

activated sludge and PAC treatment systems, project summary.

EPA Publication Number 600/S2-86/045, pp. 1-10. 

98. Davies, P.H. 1986. Toxicology and chemistry of metals in

urban runoff. In B. Urbonas, T. Barnwell, D. Jones, L.

Roesner, and L. Tucker, eds., Urban Runoff Quality, American

Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, pp. 60-78.

99. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Understanding the

small quantity generator hazardous waste rules: A handbook for

small business. EPA No.530-SW-86-019, Washington, D.C.

100. Bureau of National Affairs. 1986. Most land disposal

facilities will need corrective cleanup action, EPA official

says. Environment Reporter 5/9/86:32-33. 

101. Rice, R.G. and M. Gomez-Taylor. 1986. Occurrence of byproducts of strong oxidants reacting with drinking water

contaminants-scope of the problem. Environ. Health

Perspectives, pp. 31-44.

102. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Ambient water

quality criteria for chloroform. EPA Report 440/5-80-033.

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

103. City of Dallas. 1988. Documented locations of former sanitary

landfills within the City of Dallas corporate limits. Report

of the Department of Street and Sanitation Services, January

1988, Dallas, TX.

104. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Ambient water

quality criteria for chlorine. EPA Report 440/5-84-030.

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

105. Pratt, J.R., N.J. Bowers, B.R. Niederlehner and J. Cairns.

1988. Effects of chlorine on microbial communities in

naturally derived microcosms. Reprinted with permission from

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.7:679-687.

Copyright 1988 SETAC.

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Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. {ESFO

LIBRARY # 144}

239. Brown, M., K. Brandt, and P. Adamus. 1989. Potential

indicators of ecological condition in inland wetlands.

USEPA/EMAP, Office of Research and Development, Washington,

D.C.

240. Cairns, J. and K.L. Dickson. 1971. A simple method for the

biological assessment of the effects of waste discharges on

aquatic bottom-dwelling organisms. J. Water Pollution Control

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241. Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection. 1987.

Standard operating procedures manual. Biological Analysis

Section, Frankfort, KT.

242. Cummins, K.W. 1974. Structure and function of stream

ecosystems. Bioscience 24:631-641.

243. Minshall, G.W., R.C. Petersen, K.W. Cummins, T.L. Bott, J.R.

Sedell, C.E. Cushing and R.L. Vannote. 1983. Interbiome

comparison of stream ecosystem dynamics. Ecol. Monog. 53:1-

25. 

244. Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection. 1988.

Bailey Run/Cedar Brook drainage biological and water quality

investigation. Technical Report No. 27. Biological Analysis

Section, Frankfort, KY.

245. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1973. Biological field

and laboratory methods for measuring the quality of surface

waters and effluents. Cornelius I. Weber (ed.). EPA-670/4-73-

001. Cincinnati, OH.

246. Krueger, H.O., J.P. Ward, and S.H. Anderson. 1988. A

resource manager's guide for using aquatic organisms to assess

water quality for evaluation of contaminants. U.S. Fish

Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 88(20), 45 pp.

247. Mackenthun, K.M. 1969. The practice of water pollution
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Control Administration, Div. of Technical Support. Washington,

D.C.

248. U.S. Department of Interior. 1969. Water quality studies.

Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Division of

Manpower and Training.

249. Carey, A.E. and F.W. Kutz. 1983. Trends in ambient

conentrations of agrochemicals in humans and the environment

of the United States. Proceedings, International Conference

of Environmental Hazards of Agrochemicals in Developing

Countries, Alexandria, Egypt, November 8-12, 1983, pp. 155-

163. The authors' address was listed as: U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,

Washington, D.C. 20460. The data on urine residues in this

paper was noted as originating from the Health and Nutrition

Survey II (Hanes II, an analysis of 6990 samples collected

from the urine of the general population (12-74 years old) of

the U.S, 1976-1980).

250. Weyl, P.K. 1964. On the change in electrical conductance of

seawater with temperature. Limnology and Oceanography 9:75-

77.

251. Kerr, J.A. 1988. Chapter on molybdenum. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

252. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on boron. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

253. Keller, P.C. 1988. Chapter on zinc. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

254. Kerr, J.A. 1988. Chapter on vanadium. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt
copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

255. Hadley, E.A. 1988. Chapter on alkanes. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

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256. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on amines. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

257. Howard, C. 1988. Chapter on silver. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

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258. Fleishman, S. 1988. Chapter on cobalt. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

259. Fleishman, S. 1988. Chapter on cyanide. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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260. Ziegler, S. 1988. Chapter on aldehyde. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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261. Hadley, E.H. 1988. Chapter on benzene. In The Electronic
Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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262. Ziegler, S. 1988. Chapter on alkyne. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

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263. Keller, P.C. 1988. Chapter on thallium. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

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264. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on tritium. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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265. Hadley, E.A. 1988. Chapter on aliphatic compounds. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

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266. Brown, R. 1988. Chapter on nitriles. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

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267. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on cyclohexane.

In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of
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268. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on chloroform.

In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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269. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on bromine. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

270. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on carbon

tetrachloride. In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21

volume Academic American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written

permission to excerpt copyright material granted to Roy Irwin,

conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

271. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on nickel. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

272. Hadley, E.H. 1988. Chapter on phenols. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

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273. Baes, C.F. 1988. Chapter on acids and bases. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

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274. Keller, P. 1988. Chapter on antimony. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic
Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

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275. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on antiseptics.

In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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276. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on aryl group.

In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

277. Pitot, H.C. 1988. Chapter on cancer. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

278. Fleishman, S. 1988. Chapter on chlorine. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

279. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on coal tar. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

280. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on copper. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
281. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on EDB. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

282. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on

eutrophication. In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21

volume Academic American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written

permission to excerpt copyright material granted to Roy Irwin,

conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

283. Hadley, E.H. 1988. Chapter on azides. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

284. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on heterocyclic

compounds. In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume

Academic American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier

Electronic Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission

to excerpt copyright material granted to Roy Irwin,

conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

285. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on hydroquinone.

In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

286. Rabitz, S. 1988. Chapter on organic chemistry. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

287. Goodman, A.S. 1988. Chapter on water supply. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper
documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

288. Johnson, R.D. 1988. Chapter on isotopes. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

289. Ziegler, H.E. 1988. Chapter on ketone. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

290. Kerr, J.A. 1988. Chapter on osmium. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

291. Kerr, J.A. 1988. Chapter on selenium. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

292. Horne, R.A. 1969. Marine Chemistry. Wiley Interscience, New

York, p. 487.

293. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on aniline. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

294. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on beryllium. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
295. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on

acetylcholine. In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21

volume Academic American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written

permission to excerpt copyright material granted to Roy Irwin,

conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

296. Hadley, E.H. 1988. Chapter on azobenzene. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

297. Fleishman, S. 1988. Chapter on isomers. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

298. Galston, A.W. 1988. Chapter on herbicides. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

299. Brown, R.F. 1988. Chapter on hydrocarbons. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

300. Hadley, E.H. 1988. Chapter on aromatic compounds. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

301. U.S. Department of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service.

1988. Water Quality Field Guide. SCS-TP-160. Washington, D.C.

302. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Quality Criteria

for Water. EPA Report 440/5-86-001. Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C. (NOTE: As of 1996,

some of the criteria in the Gold Book had been changed due to

1987, 1990, and 1993 update addendums - see references 446,

689, and 928 below.)

303. U.S. Department of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service.

1975. Agricultural Waste Management Field Manual. Washington,

D.C.

304. Miller, William D. 1971. Infiltration rates and groundwater

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305. Boyle, T.P, G.M. Smillie, J.C. Anderson, and D.R.Beeson.

1990. A sensitivity analysis of nine diversity and seven

similarity indices. Reserch Journal Water Pollution Control

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306. Nelson, R.W., W.J. Logan and E.C. Weller. 1983. Playa

Wetlands and Wildlife on the Southern Great Plains: A Guide to

Habitat Management. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS83/29. 99 pp.

307. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1981. Proceedings, Playa

Lakes Symposium, Arlington, TX, Dec. 4-5, 1979. U.S. FWS

publication no. FWS/OBS-81/07. 137 pp.

308. Concannon, T.J. and E. Genetelli. 1971. Groundwater pollution

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309. Baxter-Potter, W. R. and M. W. Gilliland. 1988. Bacterial

Runoff from Agricultural Lands. Journal of Environmental

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310. McCaskey, T.A., A.L. Sutton, E.P. Lincoln, D.C. Dobson and

J.P. Fontenot. 1985. Safety aspects of feeding animal wastes.

Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Agricultural

Wastes, Chicago,IL, Dec.16-17, 1985. American Society of

Agricultural Engineers, pp.275-285.

311. Krieger, D.J., J.H. Bond and C.L. Barth.1975. Survival of

salmonellae, total coliforms and fecal coliforms in swine

lagoon effluents. Proceedings, Managing Livestock Wastes

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312. Wells, D.M., E.A.Coleman, W. Grib, R.C. Albin, and G.F.

Meenaghan. 1969. Cattle feedlot pollution study. Interim

Report No. 1 to Texas Water Quality Board. Texas Tech

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313. Madigan, T. 1989. Milk's dark side. Ft. Worth Star Telegram.

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314. Madden, J.M. and J.N. Dornbush. 1971. Measurement of runoff

and runoff carried waste from commercial feedlots.

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315. Edwards, W.M., F.W. Chichester and L.L. Harrold. 1971.

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Abatement - International Symposium on Livestock Wastes.

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316. Swanson, N.P., L.N.Mielke, J.C. Lorimor, T.M. McValla and J.R.

Ellis. 1971. Transport of pollutants from sloping cattle

feedlots as affected by rainfall intensity, duration, and

recurrence. Proceedings, Livestock Waste Management and

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317. Buckner, H.D., E.R. Carrillo, and H.J. Davidson. 1986. Water

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318. Lehman, O.R., B.A. Stewart and A.C. Mathers. 1970. Seepage of

feedyard runoff water impounded in playas. MP-944.Special

Report from Soil and Water Research Division, Agricultural

Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture in cooperation

with Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M

University, Bushland, TX.

319. Westerman, P.W., L.M. Safley Jr., J.C. Barker and G.M.

Chescheir III. 1985. Available nutrients in livestock waste.

Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Agricultural

Wastes. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Chicago,

IL, Dec.16-17, 1985, pp. 295-307.

320. Patrick, W.H. Jr., R.D. Dulanee, R.M. Engler and S. Gotoh.

1976. Nitrate removal from water at the water-mud interface in

wetlands. EPA-600/3-76-042. U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency, Corvallis, OR. 

321. Golden, J., R.P. Ouellette, S. Saari and P.A. Cheremisinoff.

1979. Environmental Impact Data Book. Ann Arbor Science, Ann

Arbor, MI.

322. Thurston, R.V., R.C. Russo, C.M. Fetterolf,Jr., T.A. Edsall,

and Y.M. Barber, Jr. (eds.). 1979. A Review of the EPA Red

Book: Quality Criteria for Water. Water Quality Section,

American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, 313 pp.
323. Barko, J.W. and R. M. Smart. 1986. Effects of sediment

composition on growth of submersed aquatic vegetation.

Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg,

MS.

324. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on

petrochemicals. In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21

volume Academic American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written

permission to excerpt copyright material granted to Roy Irwin,

conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

325. Chamblis, H.D. 1988. Chapter on aluminum. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

326. Carlin, R.C. 1988. Chapter on barium. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

327. Neuman, R.M. 1988. Chapter on sulfur. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

328. Fleishman, S. 1988. Chapter on magnesium. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

329. Fleishman, S. 1988. Chapter on manganese. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
330. Duffy, N.V. 1988. Chapter on iron. In The Electronic

Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

331. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. EPA proposal to

alter, expand extraction procedure test used under RCRA to

find leaching potential of waste constituents. In Federal

Register 40 CFR Parts 261, 271, and 302, June 13, 1986 (as

reproduced in the Environment Reporter, 6/27/86 issue, pp.

307-350).

332. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on benzoic acid.

In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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333. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on cadmium. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

334. Brown, R.F. 1988. Chapter on carboxylic acid. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

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copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

335. Green, M. 1988. Chapter on pollutants, chemical. In The

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copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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336. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on tributyl tin.

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American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

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copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of
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337. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1990. EPA Integrated

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domain information available from the government. EPA

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338. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on ethyl group.

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American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

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documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

339. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on methyl group.

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documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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340. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on environmental

pollution. In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume

Academic American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier

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conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

341. Loehr, R.C., 1974. Characteristics and comparative magnitude

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conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

343. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on chromium. In

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American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

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documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

344. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on alicyclic
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conditioned on proper documentation of the source as The

Electronic Encyclopedia of Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

345. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on cesium. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

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copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

346. Reiner, E. 1982. Toxicology of Pesticides. Project Summary

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347. Beyer, W.N. 1990. Evaluating soil contamination. U.S. Fish

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348. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on lithium. In

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American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

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copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

349. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on metals. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

350. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on methylene.

In The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

351. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on silicon. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of
Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

352. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on tin. In The

Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic American

Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

353. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on titanium. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

Publishing, Inc., Danbury, CT. Written permission to excerpt

copyright material granted to Roy Irwin, conditioned on proper

documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of

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354. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Inc. 1986. The World

Almanac & Book of Facts. Microsoft's CD-ROM Program Entitled

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355. Kapustka, L. A., T.W. LaPoint, J.F. Fairchild, K. McBee, and

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356. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Chemicals in

your community: A guide the the Emergency Planning and

Community Right to Know Act. GPO Booklet 516-002/80246, EPA

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357. State of California - Health and Welfare Agency, Department of

Health Services. 1986. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic

Enforcement Act of 1986. Public domain information available

from the government. Additional commercially available copies

of this public domain information have included (but may not

be limited to, no government endorsement implied): "California

Safe Water and Toxic Enforcement Act - 1986 List" electronic

database as reproduced on July 1, 1990 in the Tomes Plus (TM)

CD-ROM data base Vol. 7 (TM0530), (C) Micromedex Inc., Denver,

CO.

358. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. CERCLA Hazardous

Substances List: Reportable Quantities. 40 CFR part 302,

April 23, 1989. Public domain information available from the

government. Additional commercially available copies of this

public domain information have included (but may not be

limited to, no government endorsement implied): "CERCLA

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES LIST" electronic database as reproduced

on July 1, 1990 in the Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM data base Vol.

7, INFOTEXT (TM0499), (C) Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO.
359. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Hazardous Waste

Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous

Waste CERCLA Hazardous Substance Designation; Reportable

Quantity Adjustment; Final Rule. 54 FR 50968, Dec 11, 1989.

Public domain information available from the government.

Additional commercially available copies of this public domain

information have included (but may not be limited to, no

government endorsement implied): "CERCLA HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

LIST" electronic database as reproduced on July 1, 1990 in the

Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM data base Vol. 7, INFOTEXT (TM0499),

(C) Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO.

360. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987. 40 CFR parts 300

and 355, Extremely Hazardous Substances List and Threshold

Planning Quantities; Emergency Planning and Release

Notification Requirements; Final Rule. 52 FR 13395, April 22,

1987. Public domain information available from the government.

Additional commercially available copies of this public domain

information have included (but may not be limited to, no

government endorsement implied): In: "CERCLA HAZARDOUS

SUBSTANCES LIST" electronic database as reproduced on July 1,

1990 in the Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM data base Vol. 7, INFOTEXT

(TM0499), (C) Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO.

361. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Section 313

Release Reporting Requirements, EPA Office of Pesticides and

Toxic Substances, Federal Register, February 16, 1988, 40 CFR

372. Public domain information available from the government.

Additional commercially available copies of this public domain

information have included (but may not be limited to, no

government endorsement implied): "SARA TITLE III, SECTION 313"

electronic database as reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CDROM data base Vol. 7, INFOTEXT (TM0515), (C) Micromedex Inc.,

Denver, CO.

362. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1990. Aluminum Oxide;

Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right-to-know. 40

CFR 372, 55 FR 5220, Feb 14, 1990. Public domain information

available from the government; additional commercially

available copies of this public domain information have

included (but may not be limited to, no government endorsement

implied): "SARA TITLE III, SECTION 313" electronic database as

reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM data base Vol. 7,

INFOTEXT (TM0515), (C) Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO.

363. Micromedex Inc.. 1990. Medical Management Data Base. In:

"TOMES (TM)" electronic database, Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM, Vol.

7, Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO.

364. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Extremely

Hazardous Substances List. 40 Part 355, 53 FR 5574, Feb 25,

1988. Public domain information available from the
government. Additional commercially available copies of this

public domain information have included (but may not be

limited to, no government endorsement implied): "SARA TITLE

III EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES LIST" electronic database

as reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM data base Vol. 7,

INFOTEXT (TM0515), (C) Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO.

365. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1990.

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Data

Base. Public domain information available from the

government. Additional commercially available copies of this

public domain information have included (but may not be

limited to, no government endorsement implied): "Registry of

Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances" electronic database as

reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM data base Vol. 7,

Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO. (NOTE: RTECS has reviewed over

95,000 documents.)

366. National Library of Medicine. 1988. Hazardous Substances Data

Bank (HSDB). Public domain information available from the

government. Additional commercially available copies of this

public domain information have included (but may not be

limited to, no government endorsement implied): "HSDB"

electronic database as reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CDROM data base, Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO. (Copyright note:

Information in the HSDB is public domain. However, written

permission to copy information (as opposed to software) into

the encyclopedia has also been obtained from both the NLM and

Micromedex.)

367. U.S. Coast Guard. 1985. Chemical Hazard Response Information

System (CHRIS). Public domain information available from the

government. Additional commercially available copies of this

public domain information have included (but may not be

limited to, no government endorsement implied): "CHRIS Manual"

electronic database as reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CDROM data base Vol. 7, Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO. (NOTE: The

Chris manual reviews over 1,000 chemicals.)

368. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Oil and

Hazardous Materials/Technical Assistance Data System

(OHM/TADS). Public domain information available from the

government. Additional commercially available copies of this

public domain information have included (but may not be

limited to, no government endorsement implied): "OHM/TADS"

electronic database as reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CDROM data base Vol. 7, Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO. Ohm-Tads

Data System has reviews of over 1,200 petroleum products and

hazardous chemicals.

369. Dabney, B. 1990. Reprotext Data Base. In TOMES (TM)

REPROTEXT electronic database, Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM, Vol. 7,

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370. University of Washington. 1990. Teratogen Information System

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371. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 1988.

OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). From the following

sources: 

 1. OSHA: US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and

Health Administration: 29 CFR Part 1910; Air

Contaminants; Final Rule. Federal Register 1989; 54 FR

2332. 

 2. OSHA: 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926. Occupational

Exposure to Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and

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Register, 1990, 55 FR 4938. 

 3. OSHA: 29 CFR Part 1910. RIN 1218-AB26. Air 

Contaminants. Federal Register, 1990; 55 FR 3723.

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Additional commercially available copies of this public domain

information have included (but may not be limited to, no

government endorsement implied): "OSHA PELS" electronic

database as reproduced in the Tomes Plus (TM) CD-ROM data base

Vol. 7, INFOTEXT Micromedex Inc., Denver, CO.

372. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1985. Field operations manual

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373. Howard, P.H., G.W. Sage and A. Lamacchia. 1982. The

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374. Santodonato, J., C. Bush, P. Howard, K. Howard, S. DelFavero,

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375. Flora, M.D., T.E. Ricketts, J. Wilson and S. Kunkle. 1984.

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376. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on strontium. In

The Electronic Encyclopedia (TM). The 21 volume Academic

American Encyclopedia on CD-ROM, (C) 1988 Grolier Electronic

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documentation of the source as The Electronic Encyclopedia of
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377. Grolier Electronic Publishing. 1988. Chapter on chelation. In

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378. Eisler, R. 1990. Boron hazards to fish, wildlife, and

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379. Eisler, R. 1985. Cadmium hazards to fish, wildlife, and

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380. Eisler, R. 1990. Chlordane hazards to fish, wildlife, and

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381. Eisler, R. 1990. Paraquat hazards to fish, wildlife, and

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384. Schmitt, C.J. and W.G. Brumbaugh. 1990. National Contaminant

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385. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1990. Pesticide

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386. Crayton, W.M. and R. Jackson. 1991. Preliminary Working

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Commission, P.0. Box 13087, Capitol Station, Austin, TX,

78711. (NOTE: Author Kubala cautions that no effort was made

to check outlier values for validity, so percentile summaries

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389. Dillaha, T.A., Sherrard, J.H., Lee, D., Shanholtz, V.O. and S.

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403. Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross and R.M.

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invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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406. Odenkirchen, E.W and Eisler, R. 1988. Chlorpyrifos hazards to

fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: A synoptic review. U.S.

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407. Eisler, R. 1986. Diazinon hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: A synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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408. Eisler, R. 1985. Toxaphene hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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409. Eisler, R. 1985. Carbofuran hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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410. Eisler, R. 1985. Mirex hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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411. Eisler, R. 1989. Pentachlorophenol hazards to fish, wildlife,

and invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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412. Eisler, R. 1989. Atrazine hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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413. Eisler, R. 1989. Molybdenum hazards to fish, wildlife, and

invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

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414. Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Limnology, 2nd ed, Saunders College

Publishing, New York, NY, 767 pp.

415. Gallant, A.L., T.R. Whittier, D.P. Larsen, J.M. Omernik, and

R.M. Hughes. 1989. Regionalization as a tool for managing

environmental resources. Report of the U.S. EPA, Corvallis,

OR, 152 pp.

416. Barrick, R., S. Becker, L. Brown, H. Beller, and R. Pastorok.

1988. Sediment quality values refinement: 1988 update and

evaluation of Puget Sound AET. PTI Environmental Services

Inc., Bellevue, WA, report to Puget Sound Estuary Program,

Region 10 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

Seattle, WA, EPA contract number 68-01-4341, 74 pp. plus

appendices. 

417. Gerould, S., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; C. Young and S.

Swenson, EPA; personal communications to Roy Irwin. See also:

Kimbrough, R. and R. Scheuplein. 1988. EPA/FDA Summary Policy

Statement on Chemical Residues in Fish and Shellfish 4-27-88;

PTI Environmental Service's (1987) Draft Report C737-01 to EPA

entitled Guidance Manual for Assessing Human Health Risks from

Chemically Contaminated Fish and Shellfish (see reference

[418], cited below), and EPA Region 6's 1989 guidance to the

States, entitled EPA Region 6 Guidance on Developing Human
Health Criteria. All of these contain a site-specific method

to calculate criteria based on the amount of fish consumed per

day and other factors. The example criteria cited under this

reference number [417] assumed average (nationwide) fish

consumption rates. In June of 1989 EPA and FDA were

continuing talks on standardizing action levels with their

Interagency Standing Committee on Chemical Contaminants.

418. Pastorok, P. 1987. Guidance manual for assessing human health

risks from chemically contaminated fish and shell fish. PTI

Environmental Service's submission to Battelle New England for

EPA, Washington, D.C., PTI Environmental Draft Report C737-01,

Bellevue, WA. (NOTE: Most of this document was incorporated

into reference number [216] above.) 

419. O.D. Markham, D.K. Halford, S.K. Rope, and G.B. Kuzo. 1988.

Plutonium, Am, Cm and Sr in ducks maintained on radioactive

leaching ponds in southeastern Idaho. Health Phys. 55:517-

524.

420. Nelson, R.W., W.J. Logan, and E.C. Weller. 1983. Playa

wetlands and wildlife of the Southern Great Plains: A

characterization of habitat. FWS report no. FWS/OBS-83/28.

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421. Texas Water Commission. 1990. The State of Texas Water

Quality Inventory, 10th ed. Publication LP 90-06. Texas Water

Commission, Austin, TX, 652 pp. 

422. Tiedemann A.R., D.A. Higgins, T.M. Quigley, H.R. Sanderson,

and C.C. Bohn. 1988. Bacterial water quality responses to

four grazing strategies -- comparisons with Oregon standards.

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423. Loehr, R.C. 1970. Drainage and pollution from beef cattle

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comprehensive study of Texas Watersheds and their impacts on

water quality and water quantity. Texas State Soil and Water

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