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Vol. 8, No. 7 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, FEBRUARY 7, 1958 5 cents

South To Tierra Del Fuego
igh Level

BRIDGE

Approach allignment set, consultant board named

Connections with the high-level bridge

across the Canal at Balboa will be pro- vided on the east side for both the Canal Zone and Panama City street and high- way systems at points of the boundary

line near the Limits. A decision on the bridge approaches and the appointment of a Technical Board of Consultants to serve during

the design and construction of the

bridge were important steps taken last month on the $20,000,000 Treaty project, which will directly or indirectly

affect most residents of Panama and

the Zone. The alignment selected for the east approach to the bridge, subject to minor

modifications, will provide a two-way

connection for Panama traffic with Aveida de Puertos (2Sth of November Avenue) near the boundary. Some means

of ingress and egress will likewise be pro- vided to the Canal Zone, although the

location for this connection has not been

finally determined. The alignment of the

bridge and main approaches recommended

by Sverdrup & Parcel, Inc., design contractors, provides no important change in the locations previously announced. The selection of a group of five prominent technical experts to serve as consultants on all phases of the bridge proj- ect from design through construction has been approv'ed by the Canal Company's

Board of Directors. Acceptances had

Design of the bridge over the Canal was discussed last month by officials or the Canal and the design contractors, Sverdrup & Parcel. Left to right, around

the Governor: Lt. Gov. H. M. Arnold, E. J. Shields, project manager, H. L. Magee, highway design engineer, and Lt. Col. R. D. Brown, E. & C. Director.

been received from all but one at the end of last month. The Board will be composed of two structural engineers, a geologist, a bridge architect, and a

general highway engineer. The five members are: Roland P. Davis, Dean Emeritus of the University of West Virginia, nationally known expert on structural engineering; Ralph A. Tudor, of the Canal's Board

of Directors, from Atherton, Calif., whose specialty is structural engineering and bridge design

Aymar Emburv II, Architect of New

York City; Edward B. Burwell, Jr., of Upperville, Va., retired Chief Geologist in the

Ofliice of the Chief of Engineers; and

William A. Bugge, of Olympia, Wash., highway engineer and Director of the Department of Highways of the State

of Washington. Of this group, definite word that they

will serve has been received from all but Mr. Bugge. Both Mr. Tudor and

Mr. Burwell are well ac(juainted with

conditions on the Isthmus through visits here in the past. The latter has made

several trips to the Canal Zone in past years for consultations on problems in his field. The east side bridge approaches were

discussed in detail early last month when

two representatives (Ste page i9) Health agencies start drive Feb, 24

Plans are ncaring completion for the campaign to be conducted, starting late

this month, by health agencies operating

in the Canal Zone. This is the second and last major campaign to be conducted

here this fiscal year under the White House directive for fund-raising in federal agencies. The Governor'.s Council for Voluntary

Giving has set the six-week period from February 24 to April 5 for the health

agencies' campaign. February 15 is the

deadline for agencies to apjily'fnr inclu- sion in this year's drive. No over-all goal is to be set for the campaign. (Contributions will l)e either

in cash or by check as no payroll deductions will be made for this drive. The

campaign will be conducted through the Keymen of the Governor's Council for Voluntary Giving. This will give all who

desire the opportunity to support finanDiscussing plans for the National Health Agencies drive are, left to right:

R. K. Erbe, Cancer Committee,- D. P. Paolucci, Tuberculosis Association, and

R. R. Sfampfer, CARE.

cially those health agencies which could

not lie a part of the l',).")7 I'nitcd I'und

cam|)ai;,'n lu'cjiuse of agreements with

their national organizations. The two major health agencies in the Canal Zone the local chapt<'r of the National Tui)erculosis A.s.sociation and

the Canal Zone Cancer Connnittc(> have already indicated their intention of taking part in the drive which starts this month.

Their chairmen. Dr. 1). .1. I'aolucci, of the Tuberculosis A.sso( iation, and R. K. Eriie, of the Cancer Commit tee, will serve as ji.int chaii men for the <anipaign. Each agency will supply it>s own campaign literature and will handle its own

publicity. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
STEPS are already under way to imple- ment actions taken by the Canal Company's Board of Diroctors at their meeting here last month on the occupancy

of Coco Solo as a civilian townsite and

on the Canal capacity problem. The two projects, which will be of continuing interest for a long time to come,

were among the major items under consideration by the Board at their annual meeting in the Canal Zone. The Directors also spent most of one morning at Gatun Locks to see the new L?Tourneau

towing locomotives in action. The first order of business for the Board was a visit to Coco Solo for an

inspection of quarters and community

facilities transferred to the Canal by the Navy. Folbwing this inspi>ction on the morning of January 14, the Board gave

formal approval of tentative plans for placing these facilities in service. An important step in line with the Board's action to expedite further studies on plans to increase the Canal ca- pacity was taken less than two weeks

after the meeting when a contract was

signed for a study on marine traffic control procedures. The New York engineering firm of Gibbs & Hill will con- duct this study which will cover the degree and timeliness of control of ship movements throughout a Canal transit. Following approval of the contract with Gibbs & Hill, Governor Potter said: "This is only one of many avenues cur- rently being explored in our endeavor to determine what we can do with existing

facilities to expedite Canal traffic." Funds for initiating the short-range plan of Canal improvements, which will cost nearly $20,000,000, are included in the President's budget sent to Congress

early last month. An initial appropriation of $1,000,000 for the coming fiscal year has been requested. The short-range plan of improvements was described in detail in The Review

last August. It includes widening two

reaches of Gaillard Cut north of Pedro Miguel Locks, installation of a lighting system in the Cut, new lights for the Locks, and mooring facilities north of Pedro Miguel Locks. Because of the continued increase in Canal traffic and the increasing number

of "super" tankers and ore carriers being

Company Directors saw the new and the old in the Zone last month. The new

were the LeTourneau locomotives, the old was 350-year-oid Fort San Lorenzo.

the elementary school, junior and senior high schools, commissary, service center, and other community facilities. One of the iirst of these jobs to be started after

formal session the same afternoon in the Board Room of the Administration Building. During this session a management

review was presented and the Board con- Directors Meet Here For Sixth Time

handled, the Board believes that these plans may be too conservative and di- rected the Governor to expedite additional studies. The occupancy of Coco Solo began

the day after the Board visited the

area, .\lthough less than 20 families had moved up to the end of January,

the moving schedule was to have been

speeded up this week with the assign- ment of an additional moving van. The rate of transfers to other quarters

(all U. S.-rate communities on the Atlantic side are affected) was to be

stepped up this week to about four a day. Housing Division officials expect the "musical chairs" program to be completed the end of May.

Meanwhile, plans are going forward

for the alterations or rehabilitation of various buildings which will be used for

funds are made available will be the

alterations of the large building which

will be used for an elementary school. It

is hoped to have this building ready for use when schools reopen next September. Although Coco Solo is still months away from an integrated community', its present and future residents already are taking the first steps to place it in the

forefront of Canal Zone towns. A Civic Council, complete with officers, has al- ready been formed. Approximately 100

future Coco Solons participated in the

first election. While the Board's meeting last month was one of the shortest since the annual Canal Zone meetings were

initiated six years ago, the Director spent a busy two days here. After their visit to Coco Solo the day

after their arrival, the Directors met in

February 7, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

sidered problems of a fiscal and budgetary nature. The Directors left the Pacific side early the following morning by Panama Rail- road car for Gatun Locks where much of the morning was spent seeing the new

locomotives in action. Board members

were impressed by many features of the new devices, which will be in the testing stage for several months, particularly

their ability- to start and stop rapidly, and their improved maneuverability over

existing locomotives. After inspecting the LeTourneau machines, the Directors and top officials of the Canal organization attended a barbe- cue at Fort San Lorenzo. As on previous

occasions, Board members were given an

opportunity to sample some of the native

dishes. Among the other meats served

at the barbecue luncheon this year were

tidbits of iguana. Most of the Directors (See page 19)
Handicapped Children's Program BeginsA Canal Zone program which will eventually provide special training for more

than 200 exceptional children gets under way on a limited basis this month. Its

first two units will be a small group of physically handicapped children who will meet at Gorgas Hospital and a much

larger but scattered number of Atlantic

side children who will take a special course

in remedial reading. Five or si.\ children, between 6 and 10 years of ago, will make up the little group of physically handicapped youngsters who will have their classes in a room

in Section D of Gorgas Hospital. None

of them has ever attended school before,

have been recommended for the supple- mentary reading by the classroom teacher. Mrs. McDermitt will do additional screening and testing on all the children

referred to her. A series of standardized and informal

tests will be administered in order to de- termine the cause of the difficulty and the amount of retardation. Once the type of reading disability is identified, a differ- entiated program will be designed for each pupil. While these two units of the handi- capped children's program are getting

started, 13 members of the Canal Zone

schools' teaching staff are scattered from

a list recommended by James Wolf, Dirrector of the Handicapped Children's Program. Their tra\el and school ex- penses are paid from a special allotment

for this program and they are drawing

their regular salaries. Summer-school

courses, however, will be at their own

expense. Four of the teachers are working at San Francisco State College. This quartet is: Mrs. Elizabeth McNevin, of the Diablo Heights elementary school; Miss Thelma Godwin, of the Cristobal elementary school; Miss Clara Wattley, Paraiso high school; and Miss Maiziee Headley,

Paraiso elementary school.

Now scattered all over the United States, these teachers are training (or work with handicapped children.*

although some have been taught at home.

Because of the diversity of ages and

training, their classes will be run on the

old "country school system." Thf children will include cerebralpalsy and post-polio patients, children who have heart ailments or are otherwise handicapped in their ability to get around. Their teacher will be Mrs. Josephine Jones, who spent the first semester of this school year taking special training at Columbia University in New Vork City. The location of her classroom is ttmi- porary. In September the group will be

transferred to a room in the Balboa ele- mentary school so that they will be able

to mingle, as much as their physical conditions permit, with children of their own age. Mrs. Ethel McDermitt, who taught

until recently at the North Margarita

school, is in charge of the remedial reading classes starting this month on the

Atlantic side. She was transferred to the handicapped children's program last month.

She will be a traveling teacher, going from school to school. The children with whom she will work, in small groups,

New York to California, taking special training to equip them for teaching and

working with children who are deaf,

blind, or have other physical handicaps

or with children who are mentally re- tarded. All (if them will be back on the Isthmus next fall when the program will be in full swing. They are taking this special work at

six different colleges and universities. While about 122 U. S. colleges and universities offer courses in special work with

students, only about six have training in the whole field of special education. Some of the collefies specialize in what educators call " sequences.

" Wayne University, for instance, has an

excellent course for teachers who will work with blind or partially - sichted

children. Others offer courses in work

with the physically handicapped, and

others are noted for courses in speechcorrection, or teaching deaf or hard-of- hearing children, while others give special training for teachers of mentallyretarded children. The teachers who are now in the United States selected their schools from

Three others are at Wayne University

in Detroit: Miss Verona Campbell, a

visiting teacher of Spanish whose home

station is Paraiso high school; Miss Mable

McFaninhar, of La Boca school; and

Miss Lillian Haird, of Fort Kobbe school.

Mi.ss M\-d V\])vr, of the Santa Cruz

school, and Miss Mary Brennan, of the North Margarita school, are at Syracuse

University in New ^'ork State, and at Cdhinihia University is Mrs. Ruth Morris, of the South Margarita school. .Mrs. Jean Karch, who is on a year's leave of absence but who is regularly a.ssigned to the Balboa .lunior High school, is studying at the College of William and Marj'

in Williamsburg, Va.

Earl Sharick, of the Cristobal elementary school, is taking his special work at

Illinois State Normal, and Mrs. Adda

N'elarde. of the Santa Cruz School, is at- tending the ('atholic University of America in Washington, D. C.

•Earl Sharick. Mrs. Elizabeth McNcvin, Clara Wattley. Maiziee Headley. Thelma Godwin. Mrs. Ruth Morris, Mrs. Jean Karch. Alva Piper. Verona

Campbell, Mabel McFarqtihar, Mrs. Adda Velarde, Marilyn Flynn, Speech Corrcctionist for the Division

of Schools, Sigurd E. Esser, Superintendent of Schools, James M. Wolf, Director of Special EducaTHE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
Here's the man

Who's responsible for health

Most people see the Canal Zone for the

first time when they come here to li\'e. Not so Charles Olin Bruce, doctor, Army

officer and, presently, Health Director of the Canal Zone Government.

lie was here 37 times before the Army

Medical Corps assigned him to his present

post, two-and-a-half years ago. His 37

previous peeks at the Zone convinced him

that it would be a fine place to live. He

still thinks so; he is delighted that his original three-year tour of duty has just been extended to July, 1959. The first 36 times Colonel Bruce visited the Canal Zone were when, as a brand new lieutenant in the Medical Corps, he was in charge of the 100-bed hospital on

the troop ti-ansport Republic, then on a regular run through the Canal to Hawaii. Today, as Health Director, he is re- sponsible for four hospitals with a total bed capacitj' inany times more than

that of the transport "Republic," for the sanitation of the Canal Zone, for

its preventive medicine and quarantine, and for its veterinary services. The 1,100 men and women under his direction try to keep the Canal Zone

clean and healthy; its food sanitary, and

properly handled; its people from becoming sick or, if they become ill, care for them

at hospitals and clinics. Of the people in his Bureau, 64 are doctors, 30 are interns and residents-in training, and 252 are

registered nurses. Colonel Bruce's tour with the Health Bureau coincides with a time of the most

far-reaching changes since a health or- ganization was set up by Col. W C. Gorgas over 50 years ago. Some of these changes will be the result of recommendations by Dr. Isidore Falk, who has been engaged for the past year in studying the Canal Zone Health services. His prelim- inary report has already been submitted but the final report is not yet finished. During Colonel Bruce's two-and-a-half years on the job, he has concentrated on

three major programs: Providing additional training for Bureau personnel;

transferring the non-professional load from the doctors and nurses to the administrative and clerical stafT; and putting the health services on a more eco- nomical basis, without affecting the quality of the medical care of the Canal Zone's

people. He is also interested in the health problems of the neighboring Republic and is studying Spanish in order to under- stand them better. The training program is one of the Health Director's pet babies. As a medical man, he knows the value of up-to- date medical information Five of the Health Bureau's professional people have

already taken refresher courses in their

specialties and several others have at- tended medical meetings in the States. Colonel Bruce hopes that more can do so. The special "post graduate" training has not been restricted to medical men.

In 1956, William Brown, Assistant to

the Health Director, spent several weeks

in Washington attending the Interagency

Institute for Federal Hospital Administrators. Colonel Bruce himself served on

its faculty. In line with a plan to lift the load from

professional personnel, (iorgas Hosjiital has its first layman administrator. He,

in turn, is training the hospital's first administrative resident. The job of keeping

the physical end of the hospital running

has been transferred to a full-time professional housekeeper, and a program of training ward attendants is now under

way. When this is completed, the ward

attendants will be something like the

nurses' aides commonly used in States

hospitals. They will be able to assume more responsibility, take temperatures, and perform other technical duties. The biggest headache in his job, he

says, is financial. But, he adds, "my

greatest satisfaction is that all of the Health Bureau's people have kept on

doing superior jobs in the face of one

financial crisis after another." The Health Bureau operates on appropriated funds, and any income from its services goes into the Treasury. The bal ance of the cost is paid to the Treasury by the Panama Canal Company. The

Health Bureau budget is prepared, and

requested, nearly two years in advance. Between the time Colonel Bruce and his assistants have worked out what they

will need and the time funds become

available, all sorts of things may happen

to throw their plans out of kilter. Congress may authorize a pay raise, or the Company increase some of its service charges for instance. Consequently, a good part of his time

is spent making the Bureau's money go

as far as possible. The new bloodbank,

with volunteer donors, eliminated heavy

expenditures for blood needed by hospital

patients. A simple sounding economy,

such as requiring doctors to make their house calls in ambulances—an ambulance was then on hand if a patient needed hospitalization—saved more money. The Canal Zone's health offices in Pan- ama and Colon were transferred to Panama a few weeks after he arrived

here, but Colonel Bruce is much inter- ested in Panama's affairs. He holds the Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, in the rank of Knight Commander, for his assistance in several of Panama's health programs. He believes that Panama and

the Canal Zone should have a deep concern for each other's problems, since dis- ease does not recognize geographic or political boundaries. Born in Holdrege, Neb., 49 years ago, he started as a Liberal Arts student at the University of Nebraska. The shoptalk of medical student friends was so

interesting that he switched to medicine. This was one of three chance encounters which had important effects on his life. The next came when, aft«r he had reFebruary 7, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Col. Charles O. Bruce

ceived his M.D., he had six months to wait before beginning his internship at New York City's Bellevue Hospital. He

spent most of these six months at one of the C.C.C. camps, getting a taste of military life. When he finished his internship, he was commissicned into the Army. The third encounter was on the Republic. On his first trip back from

Hawaii, he met Edythe Ann Corbin, homeward bound with her Army parents. They were married three years later, after he finished a course in malariology at Water Reed Hospital in Washington. Their honeymoon was, to say the

least, unusual. They were assigned to British Guiana and got transportation on a small boat the Army was sending

to Trinidad. The trip from Miami,

which should have taken a couple of weeks, took a month. The boat's water system broke down, its radio quit, its engines faltered. They were unable to identify themselves and a British patrol brought them to a quick halt at the entrance to Port-of-Spain with a shot

across their bow.

Mrs. Bruce was evacuated to the States when the United States entered

the war but her husband staj'ed in Briti.sh Guiana for a year. Then, after a brief detail in New York, he was assigned to Gen. Mark Clark's stafli, a post he held through the North African and Italian campaigns. Back to the States in 1945, he and Mrs. Bruce established their first real home

near Washington and their two children, Michael, now 11, and Mamey, 9, were born there. Colonel Bruce served for a time with headquarters of the Army

Field Forces, then had a year at Johns Hopkins to get his Master of Public Health degree, and served a tour in the

office of the Surgeon General. He was

Military Assistant to the Secretary of the Army when he came to the Canal Zone in 1955 with Secretary Robert Stevens. That was when he saw the Canal Zone

for the 37th time. He liked it then and

he likes it even better now.
Billy Graham Will Speak

At Albrook Field Sunday

Residents of the civilian communities

of the Canal Zone are welcome to attend

a special sen-ice to be held by famed

Evangelist Bilfy Graham next Sunday at Beam Stadium at Albrook. The sernce

will begin at 6:30 a. m. The Rev. Dr. Graham is here at the

invitation of 26 local sponsoring organizations. He is appearing tonight and to- morrow night at the Panama Stadium.

Special arrangements have been made

by the Panama Railroad to accommodate

Atlantic siders crossing the Isthmus for the services in Panama. A second section

is being added to the late afternoon train from Colon today and tomorrow, providing space for 1,900 persons on the regular

train and second section. The first sec- tion leaves Colon station at 5:10 p. m

and the second at 5:40 p m. Two sections, one leaving Panama at 10:10 p. m. and the other at 10:40 p. m.,

will provide return transportation to the Atlantic side. Preparations for the Billy Graham

crusade here have been under way for over a month. Headquarters for the Pacific side activities have been the old

Tivoli Commissary where massed choirs have been holding regular rehearsals. Promoted

Lawrence L. Jenrich The appointment of Lawrence L. .Jen- rich as Chief of the Internal Audit

Branch, succeeding George E. Girard, was announced last month. Mr. Girard

left the middle of .January for the United

States where he will join the staff of the General Accounting Office. Mr. .Jenrich was born in Milwaukee

and holds a degree in Accounting from

the University of Wisconsin. He is an Army veteran of World War II. His

previous experience includes several years with the Wisconsin Department of Taxation. He also worked with a private accounting firm, and with the Army

Audit Agency in Anchorage, Alaska, where he was Deputy Regional Director. He has been with the Canal organization

since November 19.56. He is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Accountants. Mr. Jenrich lives in Gamboa with his wife and three children.

FOR YOUR INTEREST AND GUIDANCE IN ACCIDENT PREVENTDN

How Accident Proof Is Your Driving?

1. Is it second nature for you to lock

doors, adjust ventilation, seat, and mirror before starting; and to check tires, brakes, lights, horn, windshield wiper, and flashlight battery?

(Of course your conduct manifests the

habitual courtesy and friendliness which marks a good driver; you invariably apply the rule that the other driver is in the right; you are helpful and cooperative; you always yield the right-of- way to pedestrians . . . you drive unto

others as you would have them drive unto you.)

2. Do you set your sights far enough

ahead- -watch out for traffic hazards at

least half a block ahead in town, half a mile ahead in the country?

(Of course you are continually on the

alert for pedestrians and animals on the

road. You realize that the "tired driver" hazard is always present You plan your

trips and always know exactly what you

are going to do next.)

3. Do you hold to the center of the traffic lane and steer at a spot on the center of the driveway rather than observe side clearance"! (WTien blinded by glare, you use the

right shoulder of the road as a guide . . . when following, you always allow at least one car length for every 10 miles of speed.)

4. Do you habitually keep your eyes moving, checking ahead, to the sides, and to the rear-vision mirror frequently? (Of course you never pass a car on a

curve, hill, or at an intersection. You

never fail to give the proper signals. You curb that desire to speed because you know that speed is the No. 1 killer! You don't insist on the right-of-way because you know that, if you are killed, you'll be just as dead as if you were

wrong.

5. Do you intently and unrelentingly

follow the action of any person or car that threatens your driving path until dead sure of his attention and intention?

6. Do you rely too greatly on a signal the other driver should give but does not?

(Of course, as a good driver, you not only do not cause accidents, but you

play it safe; assume that the other driver

is an amateur; and are sharp enough to outguess him to avoid being hit by him.)

7. Have you grown over confident be- cause you know the road so well? Are you unconsciously developing the danger- ous habit of driving blindly?

8. Are you master of your carl Do you know its safe speed for all traffic, weather,

visibility, road surface conditions, and

sharp curves? Do you keep your car in top-notch condition? In the event of an emergency do you

always try to park off the roadway for your own safety as well as others?

9. In foggy or rainy weather do you

hold down your speed, dim instrumentpanel lights, keep windshield and headlights clean, and use extra driving caution?

10. Do you keep your mind constantly and unrelentingly concentrated on your

driving regardless of troubles at home,

fatigue, hurry, desire to find a parking

space, or other distractions? HOW DO YOU RATE? DO YOU

REALLY DESERVE A PASSING MARK?

FREQUENCY RATE Disabling injuries per I hours worked.

0.000 employeeDECEMBER 1957 BUREAU

Marine Bureau (Honor Rollj

Civil Affairs Bureau (Honor Roll)

Heallh Bureau (Honor Roll)

Suppljr and Employee Service Bureau

C.Z. Govl.-Panama Canal Co. (This Month

Engineering and Conslrutlion Bureau

Transportation and Terminals Bureau

Number if Disabling Injuries 9

LEGEND

Man-Hoiirs Worked 2,234,945

I Frequency Rale this month ;:] Accumulative Frequency Rate this Calendar Year ~~1

1954-19551956 Calendar Year Average

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
@

CIVIL DEFENSE

NEWS

The first copies of the new Civil Defense

Disaster Relief Plan were distributed during the last week of January. The entire edition will be available for distribution in February. Thii Civil Defense Manual eliminates the Control Point and Task Force Manual, Volunteer Corps Manual, and

Plant Self-Frotection Manual, the texts of which have been included in this plan as

anne.xes. With the distribution of the Disaster Relief Plan, the organizing and training of Company-Government personnel in the rescue services will get under way.

First-aid traiiiing lor luenilicrs of the

\'olunteer Corps is being ])lanned for tlie next several weeks. Mrs. Charlotte Kennedy will instruct the Margarita-New Cris- tobal group. William Gordon will in- struct the Santa Cruz and Paraiso groups. The newly-established town of Pedro

Miguel will either organize its own first-aid class or join with the Paraiso Class. In either case an instructor will be provided. FEBRUARY VOLUNTEER CORPS MEETINGS

Date T.iwn Pl.ue H.iur 5& 19 Marg.-N. Cristobal Serv. Center 5:00 p. m.

(First Aid)

12 Rainbow City School 6:30 p. m.

13 Santa Cruz Serv. Center 8:00 p. ra. (First Aid)

17 Paraiso School 7:30 p. m.

(First Aid)

- - Elected - -

New Chairman of the Canal Zone

Chapter of the American Red Cross

is Roger W. Adams, Superintendent

of the Motor Transportation Division.

rtaaL

Official Pinama Canal Companj Publication Published Monlbly At Balboa Heights, C. Z. Printed by the Prinling Plant, Mount Hope, Canal Zone

\V. E. Potter, Governor-President Hugh M. Arnold, Lieutenant Governor W. G. Arev, Jr., Public Information Oflncer

J. RuFUs Hardy, Editor Eleanor McIlhenny. Assistant Editor Eunice Richard, Editorial Assistant

ij.i ....c lale ati all Panama Canal Service Centers. Commisaaries. and Hotels for 10 days after publiration date at 5 cents each. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mall and back copies, 10 cents each.

Move Accomplished

The one-time Ancon Dispensary now houses the office of the Panama Canal Company's Treasurer. Seated In the foreground are W. E. Lundy and A. R. Minor.

Worth Knowing

Owners of private vehicles licensed in the Canal Zone have only three more weeks

to have the operating condition of their automobiles inspected. Without the windshield sticker which certifies that an automobile is in safe and sound shape,

it will not lie allowed on Canal Zone highways after March 1. The annual in- spection is required by the Canal Zone traflfic regulations. Employees of the Company-Government who have not already done so should

take their cars to the iMotor Transportation Division for inspection before the end of this month. Inspection hours are 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. daily, e.\cept Saturday and Sundays.

\ ehicle inspectors check lights, turn-indicators (on cars equipped with them),

brakes, steering mechanism, wheel alignment, horns, rear-view mirrors, safetyglass, etc. Average time for an inspection is 10 minutes.

Eight new alley-beds are among the new bowling equipment soon to be installed

in the Balboa Bowling Center. Other new equi|jnient will include semi-automatic

pin setters, automatic foul-detecting devices, and miscellaneous items. The new alley-beds will be installed to replace eight of the 12 beds in the Balboa

Bowling Center. The other four were replaced a short time ago. Bids for the work are now being advertised and will be opened February 10 at Balboa Heights. Work will begin about May and only one alley at a time will be out of service

As part of an over-all plan to keep the main streets of Canal Zone communities

clean, green, and beautiful all during the year, a water sprinkler system has been installed in the Balboa Prado. Now that the dr\- season is in full swing, the sprinklers are being turned on several hours each day and residents living along the Prado have been asked to cooperate by keeping their lawns well watered

during the next few months. The quarters buildings in that area were painted white with a yellow trim several months ago and the Housing and Grounds Division has been busy replacing and

planting trees and shrubs.

Canal employees who have problems (tax problems, that is) related to the filing of their 1957 tax returns may contact Arthur J. O'Leary, Assistant ComptrollerAccounting. Mr. 0'l.ear\, in offering his services to Canal employees, wishes to emphasize

that even though he took a three-day training course on the latest provisions of the Internal Revenue Code in Washington, D. C, last year, and prepared or

received numerous corporation and individual tax returns during a ten year

period with the international public accounting firm of Price, Waterhouse & Co., he does not consider himself to be an expert on the subject of taxes. He will, however, be most happy to assist or help any who have a special problem

still unanswered after reading explanatory booklets put out by the Internal Revenue Commission and attached to the tax form itself.

Postal money orders made payable to the Pan- ama Canal Cotnpany should be mailed to Editor. The Pana.ma Canal Review. Balboa Heights. C. Z.

Dr. Wayne L. Sargent, who served his internship in Gorgas Hospital in 1956, returned to Gorgas last month to begin his first year residency in pathology. For the past year or more, Dr. Sargent has been on active duty with the U. S. \a\y and recently was stationed at the Navy Base at Rodman.

Mrs. Sargent, who is also a physician, completed her internship at Gorgas Hospital about the same time as her husband, and at present is employed in the Gorgas

Hospital Out-Patient Clinic. The Sargents are both gratluates of Rice Institute

in Houston, Tex., and both of them completed their medical training at Baylor

University College of Medicine in Houston. He is a native of Middlebou'rne. W. Va., and she was born in Houston.
Capt. C. O. Barrett is one of five men

on lowboats for Canal pilot training.

Ladders like this are routine for Capt. William Gillespie, pilot trainee.

Examinations, some written and some oral, test the progress of the pilot trainee. Capt. Rainier supervises, Capls. Christian and Fetherston put it down on paper. Pilots

in the

making

Lengthy training covers all parts oF Canal operations

Panama Canal pilots are not made

overnight. The special training which

they need here takes many months.

Pilot training is a continuing process. Right now, in addition to its 81 qualified

pilots, the Panama Canal has ten pro- bationary pilots, three in training, five more on towboats, and two more re- quested. All of these will be needed not

only to replace the senior pilots as they

retire, but to handle the ever-increasing volume of traffic through the Canal. The pictures on these two pages, if

followed"counter-clockwise from the upper left-hand corner, show part of what

goes into making a pilot. All pilots must

hold masters' licenses, but that doesn't mean that they jump right into taking

vessels through the Canal. Before a Panama Canal pilot may

make unrestricted transits—before he is allowed to handle ships of unlimited size— he has accompanied a fully-qualified pilot on scores of transits, has handled, on his own, smaller vessels through

the waterway, has studied pamphlets,

In the office of Assistant Port Captain E. B. Rainier, right, he joins two other

trainees, Capts. E. M. Fetherston, left, and J. Y. Christian, for a bit of chart work.

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
A pilot must know Canal regulations. Capt. Fetherston catches up on the rules. Looking and learning, Capt. Gillespie watches as the long bow of the ship

slides into a lock chamber at Gatun. Capt. Swain, left, is his instructor.

charts, and rules of navigation, has

learned the how and why of Canal operations, and has taken examinations to prove his knowledge. A prospective pilot first spends some

time on a towboat, learning the Canal

harbors and its docks and piers. If he shows himself to be qualified, he becomes

a pilot-in-training. He then learns how

the Locks operate, what the marine traffic controllers do. He watches harbor

pilots at work and accompanies other

pilots on at least 66 trips through the Canal.

After six months, and a stiff examination covering everj-thing from ship handling to local rules of the road, he becomes

a probationary pilot, a post in which he

remains for another year. At first he is limited to ships 385 feet long. This is gradually increased, as the year goes on,

until at the end of 12 months he is taking

525-foot ships through the Canal. In

addition, during that year, he frequently

serves as assistant to a pilot on very large vessels or ships of unusual design.

His mentor is the Assistant Port Captain who gives him his assignments, checks the reports made by pilots who

watch him work, and prepares the examinations he must take.

It is not until LS months after he has become a pilot-in-training that his name

goes up on the pilot-board for "next out"

in the Panama Canal.

In the Marine Controller's office, he learns how ships are dispatched by

Supervisory Controller T. H. Forsstrom, and foreground, Martin S. Sawyer.

Canal pilots don't have much time to

sit down. Right, Capt. R. H. Swain.

During his stint on the Locks, he and

Lockmaster Fred Newhard hitch a

ride on a locks towing locomotive.

February 7, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW
Digitized by the

in 2010 with

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Internet Archive

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CHILE'S GATEWAY

Canal's opening meant new trade opportunities for its southernmost user

Ore unloading dock oF Cic. de Acero del PaciFico,

Chile's growing steel industry on San Vicente Boy.

Calculated on a per capita basis, Chile

uses the Panama Canal more than any

other nation on earth. During the past fiscal year 5,036,000

loufj tons of freijj;ht were shipped through

the watei'wuy to or from Chilean ports along the west coast of South America.

This amounts roughly to 800 pounds per inhabitant of the long thin nation which

lies between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean and stretches nearly halfway be- tween the Poles. The United States, which built and operates the waterway

and is its liiggest user in volume of trafl!ic, sends less than 50 pounds of commodities

a year through the Canal per capita. The l>onds whicti link the Canal and

Chile are of lonft standing and arc more

pronounced than those with other great

trade areas, .\sido from the commercial aspects which may be measured in long tons, Chilean pesos, or in dollars and cents, there is a feeling of affilia- tion, indefinable but nevertheless a posThe ore carrier Chilore was a Familiar visitor to Canal waters until supplanted by supercarriers. It made its maiden voyage carrying Chilean ore in July 1923.

itive factor in human and international

relations. This "feeling" was aptly expressed by

Chile's delegate to an international meeting held last year in Panama. He said,

in effect: We people of Chile look on the Panama Canal as our own. The long, slender nation which is over- shadowed by the snow-capped peaks of the Andes for its entire distance was one

of the first lands settled after the discov- ery of America. The King of Spain bestowed on Diego

de Almagro, partner of Francisco Pizarro

in the conquest of Peru, the "land of Chili," which the Royal grant renamed New Toledo. The Crown failed to make

clear which of the two territories included Cuzco, ancient Indian capital of southern

Peru, resulting in a long and bloody contest in which both Pizarro and Almagro

lost their lives. The civil war broke out after a twoyear expedition into Chile in 1535-37 by

Almagro and his followers. His forces were defeated and the leader was executed

as a traitor. Four years later, Pizarro was killed by Almagro's followers who

surprised him in his palace in Lima. However, a year before his death in 1541, Pizarro had sent his lieutenant, Pedro de

Valdivia, to Chile to establish a permanent colony. Despite the hostility of the Araucanians, Chile's native Indian population.

Copper bars are loaded for shipment. Most oF Chilean copper sent abroad

is shipped through the Panama Canal.

Valdivia founded Santiago, the nation's

capital and today one of the world's most

beautiful cities, on February 12, 1541. There followed 100 years of conflict between the Spanish settlers and the Araucanians which ended in 1641 by the famous Pact of Quillin. Even after this compromise there was intermittent warfare until Chile achieved independence from Spain in 1818, after which the Indians were granted equal rights of

citizenship. Throughout this period Chile and her

people maintained a tenuous commercial

link with the Isthmus of Panama as it offered the only secure trade and travel route to Spain and other Eui'opean nations. These economic links were greatly strengthened over 100 years ago when

one of the first regular steamship services

in the Pacific was established by the

Pacific Steam Navigation Company be- tween Valparaiso and Panama. "The service was inaugurated in 1840 by two 800- ton steamships, the Peru and Chile which

were brought through the Magellan

Strait under their own steam. Although the company was British,

its guiding spirit was William Wheelwright from Massachusetts who first crossed the Isthmus in 1825 and became

one of the most ardent advocates for a Panama Canal. The service flourished for more than 25 years but was discontinued

in 1867 because of a conflict of interests with the Panama Railroad Company.

Thereafter, until the Canal was opened

in 1914, most of Chile's foreign commerce THE PANAIVIA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958

was routed around the Horn or through Magellan Strait to Europe. Within a few weeks time in 1914 two

events occurred which caused an al- most complete realignment of world

trade. The two occurrences the out- break of World War I and the opening

of the Panama Canal had a more pro- found effect on Chile than almost any

other country not directly involved in the European conflict. Undoubtedly, the opening of the Canal would have brought great but gradual changes to Chile's economy but the out- break of war brought about an abrupt change when trade with Germany, Chile's second most important customer, was

stopped almost in a matter of days. With the opening of the shorter trade routes to the highly industrialized eastern seaboard of the United States, Chile's trade with her northern hemispheric

neighbor, which had ranked a poor third up until then, began a steady and sus- tained rise. American capital invested in the South American countries bordering

the Pacific amounted to a bare trickle before the war, with only a few pioneering

firms such as W. R. Grace and Company

represented. The effect of the Canal's opening and

the war in Europe on Chilean commerce

was described in some detail in a 1916

report by the U. S. Depai'tment of ComSS Aysen, one oF Chilean Line ships, was used on route between Valparaiso and Cristobal alter Canal opened.

February 7, 1958 11

Wire and blister copper From Chile is unloaded From Grace Line ship in New York For Anaconda's mills.

relatively short time. Canal records for 1915 show that approximately half the

1,990,000 tons of nitrate exported by

Chile that year moved through the Panama Canal, This rapid shift in the

nitrate market helped to avert a dis- merce. That report noted that in 1915, aster to the nation's economy.

for the first time, the United States ranked first both in exports from and imports into Chile. Prior to that time, the order of importance had been Great Britain, Germany, and the United States. Except for the almost simultaneous opening of the Canal, Chile's economic

structure might have been all but wreck- ed by the outbreak of war in Europe. Her economy at that time was almost a "one crop" affair, with nitrates being

the principal source of its foreign trade. Germany and Austro-Hungary had been

taking about two-thirds of the total and much of it was sent around the Horn in sailing vessels. This trade was abruptly halted by

the war but foreign purchases of this important commodity were largely absorbed by the United States within a

While the nitrate trade was interrupted when the Canal was closed by slides in September 1915, shipments were resumed

in increasing volume when the waterway

was reopened in April 1916. During the latter stages of the war the need for nitrate for munitions became

such an important factor to America and

the Allies that the old Panama Railroad steamships Ancon and Cristobal, and two

smaller German vessels interned in Canal

waters, were removed from their regular New York-Cristobal runs to transport

the mineral. The vessels loaded coal in Hampton Roads and New Orleans for the Canal Zone and went from Balboa to Chile in ballast to load nitrate Two of these shipments were so urgently needed in Europe that the ships were dis-
Chile's nifrate desert is world's only commercial deposit of ore from wliich natural nitrate of soda is made.

patched directly to France for unloading when they arrived in New York.

A.sido from the need for nitrates for munitions, the use of nitrate for agricul- ture increased tremendously in the United

States during this period. Consequently, from 1916 until the world-wide depression

of the 1930's, nitrate shipments consti- tuted one of the most important commodities moved through the waterway

from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Great interest was aroused in Chile about the Canal during its construction and her President, Don Pedro Montt, was one of the few Chief Executives, other than those of Panama and the United States, to visit the Canal Zone

while construction was in progress. President Montt visited the Isthmus in July

1910 and, accompanied by Col. George

Chile's biggest hydroelectric plant at Los Cipreses generates 105,000 KW.

' J^

W. Goethals, made a complete inspection

of the big project. A special delegation was sent to the Zone by the Chilean Government in July

1913, in connection with plans to develop

the nation's mercantile fleet after the opening of the Canal.

It is easy to see today in retrospect what tfie opening of the Canal and its operation of the past 43 years has meant to Chile and her economy.

However, there was then a widespread

feeling in Chile, not shared by all of her leaders, that the opening of the Canal would spell economic doom for the country. How this feeling came to exist and what the general feeling of Chileans toward the Canal is today is best e.\- pressed in a brief article prepared in Chile especially for this series of articles

in The Review. This is quoted in part below: "In a way it appeared that the opening of the Panama Canal had done harm

to the maritime trade of Chilean ports because up to that time the ships that traveled to any country along the west

coast of South America had to go through

the Magellan Strait or around Cape Horn

and stop either at Punta Arenas or Val- paraiso to take on water, and at the same

time load or unload some cargo, l^pon opening the Canal both ports languished because they needed that important stream of ves.sels coming from one or another point of the world and it was

believed, naturally, that the Panama

Canal had meant the death of both ports and a tremendous harm to Chile. "This impression was given credence by many. However, comparative eco- nomic statistics prove just the opposite was true. With the opening of the Canal

a new era wa.s born in Chile of greater

significance to its progress in every aspect

of life. "Immediately, Chile stopped looking

to Europe as its only center of culture,

art, finance, industry, and commerce.

Other markets were opened to provide

greater benefits than had before been

available, and the .same was true of the purchases made abroad. Thus, little Ity

little, the diverse and somewhat ha|)- hazard commercial trade with Europe and the Far East decreased in importance

and was replaced bv commerce with the United States. "It can be said that the opening of the Panama (;anal brought the United

States and Chile closer together, not only in the strict sense of travel-miles

at sea but, above all, in the ties and mutual cooperation which exist be- tween the two nations which is one of the greatest benefits derived from the Canal.

"This geographical and spiritual tie with the United States was not the only consequence of the Canal's opening and

its operation today. Europe was also brought clo.ser to Chile and has given more attention to the country situated

at the extreme end of South America—

the nation located 'at the end of the World,' as it was expres.sed before, when

trying to reach it meant a stormy South

Atlantic crossing and a trip around the Horn with its legendary tempests or through the Strait of Magellan which

treated its visitors roughly " The Canal had been opened only six days when service between Valparaiso and New York was inaugurated by W.

R. Grace Company, one of the oldest American firms established in Latin America. This initial trip was made by

the Santa Calalina. Since that date, Grace Line ships have transited the Canal more than 6,000 times and have

established an international reputation

for their pas.senger and freight .-service. One of the more important aspects of the opening of the Canal to the west

coast of South America was the stimulation of travel. Despite its many historic and scenic attractions, only the hardiest

of trawlers had the time or desire to make the long voyage around the Horn

to Chile. A trickle of visitors 50 years ago has now grown into a sizeable stream, greatly augmented in recent years by air travel. Aside from the tourists' dollars, pounds,

lires, or francs, this travel from Europ(> and the United States has been important in the cultural and economic develop- ment by this interchange of visitors on

an international basis. Today, it is no unusual sight to see the

|)assenger ships of the Grace Line, the

Pacific Steam Navigation Company, and

the Italian Line being locked through the

12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
Canal on their way between ports of Chile and those in the United States and

Europe. Among the first ships to use the Canal

were those serving Chile and flying the Chilean flag. They were vessels of the South American Steamship Company,

better known as the Chilean Line, whieh opened a run between Valparaiso and

Cristobal to connect with ships touching

the Atlantic port without transiting the Canal. This service, discontmued in 1924, was begun less than four months after the Canal was opened and represented one of the first regularly-established trade routes through the waterway. A fort- nightly service was offered at first but it was increased to weekly sailings in 1916 when slides were removed and the Canal was reopened. Undoubtedly, one of the most import- ant aspects of Chile's economy which can be directly related to the opening of the Canal was the attraction of American

capital to the South American Republic.

Until the shortened trade route was made

available, there was little incentive for American investments on a major scale, with the result that ChDe's foreign trade, her banking, communications, transportation, and much of her mineral resources were dominated by British, German, and

French interests. It had long been recognized that Chile possessed vast natural mineral resources, but her economy had been almost wholly dependent upon nitrate and agriculture. While nitrate shipments abroad still continue to constitute a substantial part of the nation's foreign commerce, the value

of her copper exports today far exceeds

that of nitrates, and last year almost three tons of iron ore was shipped through the Canal from Chile for each ton of nitrate. In a review of Chile's mineral re- sources, the Encyclopedia of Latin America, published 40 years ago, called the School's Out

Steel plant at Huachipato is evidence oFChlle's growing industrialization program.

list it had compiled a "verj' modest" one and continued that "we desire to emphasize the impossibilitj^ of obtaining exact information when mining enterprise is

still in the initial period —the period of study and preparation." The article called attention, however,

to a report by Chile to the first Pan

American Financial Congress held in Washington in May 1915 which said "the copper output is increasing, owing

to the development of large copper properties in which North American capital

is invested." The Encj'clopedia also said "iron mines

in the Coquimbo district are also being developed by American capitalists." From these modest beginnings both

iron and copper mining have been de- veloped to a high state in the intervening 45 years with the result that Chile in re- cent decades has become more famed as one of the world's largest producers of copper. The development of Chile's iron mining has progressed at a far slower pace and it has only been in recent j-ears that

sufficient capital has been invested to bring this industry to its present high

state of development and one of the

nation's chief sources of income and eco- nomic self reliance. A succeeding article will discuss pres- ent-day Chile, its industrial development, and the Panama Canal's part in her for- eign trade and economic welfare.

Latin American Schools end another teaching year

Presentation of diplomas to 198 high

school graduates and final report cards

to all students in the Canal Zone's Latin American schools brought another school year to an end this week for approximately' 3,900 boys and girls. The schools

will reopen May 5, after the long drj'- season vacation. Commencement exercises were held Tuesday at the Paraiso and Rainbow

City high schools, and final report cards were picked up by all of the students Wednesday afternoon. Both the number

of graduates and the number of students were higher than last year; in 1957 there were 184 graduates of the two Latin American high schools, fourteen less than

this .year, and the end-of-the-year enroll- ment of 3,942 in all schools—kindergarten through high school—was 64 more this year than at the end of the previous

school year. Beginning Monday, the children of

all of the Latin American communities

will have a well-planned vacation athletic program to occupy their time. This year's vacation program, which

will run from Februarj' 10 through April

25, will provide for a Softball league,

archer}' instruction, and volleyball in

each community. In addition to these, swimming classes are being arranged for the Rainbow Citj' children. The school year which has just ended marked a number of "firsts" for the Latin American schools. Classes in English were added for high school junior and

senior students taking the general and

commercial curriculum; a course in phi- losophy became part of the college pre- paratory course; and classes in Business

English and Commercial Spanish were

started in the high schools' commercial

curriculum. During the year, free bus transportation was furnished for the first time to a daily average of 294 Latin American

students whose homes were not within walking distance of their schools. In addition to the students who rode busses, between 1.50 and 160 high school pupils made the daily round trip from Santa Cruz to Paraiso by train, disembarking

at a new shelter built especially for them

at Paraiso. As in the case of the busses

for the others, train transportation for these students was provided free. During the year a new pay rate was

effective for teachers who hold Panama

University degrees, and requirements

February 7, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

were raised so that newly-appointed

secondary school teachers must have

a degree from the University of Pan- ama or its equivalent. There were also some physical changes

in the Latin American schools during the past school year. A new air-conditioned music room was added at Paraiso High

School and an additional classroom and woodshop to the Santa Cruz School. A

covered passageway was built beti;\een the school building and gunnasium at Santa

Cruz. There was one major change in the

schools' staff. Grafton Conliffe, a teacher

at the La Boca Junior High School, be- came Principal of the Santa Cruz Ele- mentary and Junior High Schools. He

succeeded Adolphus L. B. Morgan, who

retired in September after 36 years with

the schools. Another continuing project, but in another line, was the Spanish-reading

tests given to all students to measure

progress in that language since the

schools have been on an all-Spanish teaching program. This was the fourth

year of such tests for first through sixth graders, and the third year for students

in the upper grades.
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS RETIREMENTS

December 75 through January 75

Employees who were promoted or trans- ferred between December 15 and Januar\'

15 are listed below. Within-grade promotions are not reported. CrVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Enoch L. Hooper, from Fire Sergeant to Fire Lieutenant. Fire Division. Matthew J. Wilder, from Fire Sergeant II to Fire Sergeant I, Fire Di\ision. Robert C. Heald, Robert S. Knox, from

Firefighter to Fire Sergeant II, Fire Division.Mrs. EUa E. Skelton, from Substitute Teacher to Elementary School Teacher,

Division of Schools. Mrs. Virginia C. Townsend, from Ele- mentan.- School Teacher to Substitute Teacher. Division of Schools. Eugene Breakfield, from Postal Clerk. Mail Delivery Unit, to Window Clerk,

Postal Division. Harry H. Com, from Finance Branch

Su[>erintendent to Foreman, Mailing Division, Postal Division. Moises de la Pena, from Relief Finance Branch Superintendent to Finance Branch

Superintendent, Postal Division. Donald R. Boyer, from Relief Supervisor,

Cristobal, to Relief Finance Branch Superintendent, Postal Division. Walter T. McClure, from Mailing Division Foreman to .\ssistant Postmaster, First Class Office, Postal Division. Francis G. Farrell, from Assistant Post- master, First Class Office, to Postmaster,

First Class Office, Postal Division. Thomas L. Sellers, from Finance Branch

Superintendent to Relief Supervisor, Cristobal, Postal Division. Harvey G. Rhyne, from Police Sergeant

to Police Lieutenant, Police Division. Stewart P. Trail, from Police Lieutenant

to Police Captain, Police Division. Gaddis Wall, from Detective Captain to

District Police Commander, Police Division. OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

J. Patrick Conley, from .Attorney-.Adviser

(Fiscal I U) (ieneral Finance Adviser, Office

of the Comptroller. Lawrence L. Jenrich, from Supervisory Auditor to Chief, Internal Audit Branch. Donald M. Parr, from Auditor, General Audit Division, to Systems Accountant, Accounting Policies and Procedures StafT. ENGINEERING AND CONS! RUCTION BUREAU

William H. Henderson, from Apprentice Wireman to Wireman, Electrical Division. Murray Klipper, from Wireman, Electrical Division, to Construction Representative, Power Conversion Project. Wesley H. Bailey, Robert M. Turner, from W.iter System Mainten.mce .Mechanic

I, to Maintenance -Machinist Foreman,

M.rinlCTiaiue I)ivi>ion. William M. Brandl, Jack G. Lenneville,

frojii Water System Pipelines Rep.iirman

to Pipefitter, Maintenance Division. Earl V. Romigh, from Suijersisorv Ac- counting Clerk to Cost Accounts Supervisor, Dredging Division. Arthur W. Smith, from Supervisory Storekee|ier (General) to Supervisory Clerical Assistant. Maintenance Division. Mrs. Jacqueline C. Gilbert, from Clerk- Dictating Machine Transcriber, Gorgas

Hospital, to Clerk (Typing), Power Conx'ersion Project. HEALTH BUREAU

Margaret M. Dims, from StafT .Nurse

(Pediatrics), Coco Solo Hospital, to Staff Nurse (General Medical Hospital), Gorgas

Hospital. Mrs. Arline E. Mcllvaine, from Staff Nurse (General Medical Hospital), Gorgas

Hospital, to StafT Nurse (Obstetrics), Coco

Solo Hospital. Mrs. Rita E. Stetz, from Staff Nurse

(General .Medical Hospital), to Staff Nurse

(Pediatrics), Coco Solo Hospital.

Maker to Machinist Foreman, Industrial Division. Harry E. Townsend, from Instrument Shop Lead Foreman to Marine Machinist General Foreman, Industrial Division. Willie LaBrance, from First .Assistant .Marine Engineer to Chief Marine Engineer,

U.S. Taboga. Navigation Division. Balbino Caldito, from Deckhand to Sig- nalman, Navigation Division. Ernest G. Mika, from Signalman, Navigation Division, to Security Patrolman, Locks Security Branch. John M. Morrison, from Machinist to

-Machinist Foreman, .Atlantic Locks. Walter C. Watts, from Machinist Fore- man to General Mechanical Locks Foreman,

-Atlantic Locks. Joseph H. Yoimg, Machinist Foreman,

from Locks Overhaul to Pacific Locks.

Locks Overhaul The following employees have been transferred from their regular positions, to which

they will later return, to the Locks Overhaul. The position indicated is that on the overhaul work. Bernard J. Linden, Ralph E. Furlong, Jr., WilUam H. Geoghegan, Jr., Warren E. LeDoux, k linger; Carl A. Yarbro, Jack Simon, Slaughter H. Sharpensteen, Robert E. Budreau, Vane

Leves, Dallas B. Thornton, Saliiig .iiiil Paint ing Lead Forenien: Lester H. Barrows, Lamar M. Lavender,

Merrill E. Sinclair, Heavy Labor Lc.nl Foremen

Charles J. Roth-Ro£fy, Jr., Walter D.

Johnston, John van der Heyden, Le.id Carpenter Foremen

Ohver H. Hendrickson, Rex V. Sellers, M.irhinist Foremen ; George J. Kredell, George R. Edgington, Robert J. Thompson, Jr., Joseph J. Zambito, MaclMnists. Charles L. Miller, William E. Williams, Robert T. Head, Jr., Harold R. Rodell, .Steam Locomotive Crane Engineers; Hubert J. Donaldson, Daniel B. Rambo,

Coml>ination Welders; Dorman L. Fulton, Checker; Robert C. Carter, Locomotive Crane

Ste.im Kiiginecr Foreman;

Margaret P. Fessler, Time and Leave

Clerk: an.l Mrs. Henrietta G. Winklosky, Time and

Leave Supervisor. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY SERVICE BUREAU

Mrs. Sherie L. Perrini, from Usher and Doorman. Motion Picture Unit, to Section Head, Commis.sary Branch. Mrs. Hilda E. Wickens, from Checker to Cash .Accounting Clerk (Teller), Commissary Branch.

Patricia A. Myers, from Cashier to .Sec tion Head, Commissary Branch. TRANSPORTATION AND TERMINALS BUREAU

Donald R. Brayton, from General Yardmaster to Supervisory Railroad Transportation Specialist. Kailroad Division. Ralph H. Walker, from Clerk (Typist) to

Clerical .Assist, mt (.Maintenance), Railroad

Division. Mrs. Ethel J. Bensen, from Clerk (Typist) to Clerical .Assistant (Trans|)ortation), kailroad Division. WilUam R. Graham, from Accounting

.Assistant, to Supervisory .Administrative Services .Assistant, kailroad Division. OTHER PROMOTIONS

Robert R. Stewart, Geologist, Engineering I )iv i^icin. Richard M. Conover, Position Classifier, Wage and ('l.is!,ificalion Division. Charles W. Brown, .Administrative Assistant (Typing), Power Conversion Project. Mrs. Beverly A. Stirmel, Supervisory

.Stcvv.ird. Supplv- Division. James C. Cullen, Mechanical Engineer. Engineering Division.

Retirement cenificates were presented

the end of January to the following employees who are listed alphabetically, to- gether with their birthplaces, positions, length of Canal service, and future addresses: Earl Cassell, Kentucky-; Chief Operations Foreman. .Atlantic Locks; 30 years, 3 months. 13 days; Costa Rica for present. Ernest B. Curling, X'irginia; Machinist Foreman I, Pacific Locks; 26 years, 7 months. 1 day; Frostproof, Fla. WilUam J. Dorgan, New Jersey; General

Electrical Fcrenuin H, Electrical Division; a years. 2 months, 6 days; Gloucester, N.J.

Lily E. Lindberg, Pennsylvania; Staff Nurse, (iorgas Hospital; 10 \ears 6 months,

29 davs; New York Ciiy. Wallace T. Melanson, .Massachusetts; Chief Foreman Shi|)vvriglu and Dockmaster,

Industrial Division; 34 years, 2 months, 4

davs: BelmoiM. Mass. Arthur Morgan, Indiana; Dipper Dredge

Operator. Dredging Division; 45 years, 1 month, 15 days; Panama.

Walter Oliver, New Jersey; Department

Head, Division of Schools; 15 years, 16 days; here for the present.

Warren Pitman, Califoriii.i: Ghic-I. lind- get and Rates Division, Office of the Comptroller; 31 years, 6 months, 5 days; California. Mrs. Helen M. Rhodes, Illinois; Time,

Leave, and Pavroll Clerk, Payroll Branch;

18 ve.irs, 1 month, 15 cla\s: Pas;idena, Calif. Capt. Albert G. Terwilliger, New York;

Pilot, Navigation Division; ii years, 9 months. 7 clavs; New York City, N. Y. Morris Welch, .Austria; Links Security Patrolm.m, Locks Division; 18 vears. 4

mciiihs, l.S d.ivs; Leominster. Ma>s. ANNIVERSARIES

Senior man on the J.muary list of anniversaries is Capt. Charles Stuart Townshend who is also senior in another category: he has tuore service than any Panama Canal

pilot. Last month he rounded out 35 years

of government service, almost 30 of which have lieen spent in taking ships from one

ocean to (he other via the Panama Canal. Born in Narberth, Pa., not far from Phil- adelphia, he began his sea-going career when

he was not much more than a stripling. In .March 1922, after he had reached the |X)si- tion of Chief OlTuer on merchant ships, he

put his toe in the Panama Canal's door as a lancllidiber policeman. He was on dry

land for oidy a few months, however, before he went to Work on the Canal's towboats,

a step in pre-pilot training. He became a

full I ilol r)n August 20, 1927 at noon, for some reason.

In 1933 when the depression cut the number of the Canal's marine customers, he was "let out" together with two other comparatively new pilcts but a \car later was MARINE BUREAU

Walter T. Schapow, from Instrutnent 14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
back on his trans-continenlal run through

the Isthmian waterway.

In 1942, with Capt. George H. Boomer,

then Assistant Port Captain in CristoLal, he worked up a merchant shij) berthing

chart which, his superiors said, "should be

useful in handling ships, especially convoys,

in Linion Bay." During his Canal coreer, he has handled

ships of all sizes, kinds, and nationalities. One of his biggest thrills came in November

1953, when he was one of two [ilots assigned

to take Queen Eliz;ibeth's ship, the SS

Gothic, through the Canal. On several occasions, when on leave, he has piloted large ocean liners through the San Bias archipel- ago. Recently he handled the SUilcndam

in San Bias. Captain Townshend will retire in May

but as of now, his friends say, isn't quite

sure where he will go or what he will do. A

safe bet is that he will he busy, wherever he is. 30 YEARS Two Canal Zone teachers, one from either

side of the Isthmus, shared honors for the number two spot in January's anni%ers?-

ries. They are: Ruth Elizabeth Creasy,

principal of the Fort Koblie .ind Cocoli ele- mentary schools, and Rosalie Jones, third- grade teacher at the South Margarita school. Last month, on Januarx- 1. each completed 30 years of government service. Miss Creasy, a Hoosier from Lafayette,

Ind., came here in 1925 after several years

of teaching in schools in Indiana and Ohio. Her first Canal Zone post was at Gatun. Three years later she returned to Indiana, but in 1930 was back on the Isthmus, as- signed to Balboa elementary school's si.\th grade. She became a principal in 1935, at Pedro Miguel, and five years later was

transferred to the then new Diablo elementary school. She has been in charge of the Kobbe and Cocoli schools since 1955. Miss Jones, whose ser\-ice has all been on the Atlantic side, was born in Taylor,

Tex., and taught in Texas before she came

to the Canal Zone in 1927. She has been

at Margarita for the past year but except

for that, and for a year's leave in the States during the 1930's, she had taught continu- ously at the Cristobal school. She is an

expert gardener, with a true green thumb.

25 YEARS Two of the eight men who finished a

quarter of a century of government service

last month worked here when they were

lads. They are: Noble A. Phillips, now a Planner and Estimator in the Industrial Division, and Christian S. Skeie, Towing- Locomotive Operator at the Pacific Locks. Ml. Phillips was born in the Canal Zone

the son of J. F. Phillips, a Master Machinist. All of his Canal service has been with

the Industrial Division. Mr. Skeie whose father, also named Christian, was a Shipwright for the Canal, began

his Canal career with summer jobs in the Mechanical Division. He has been with the Locks since 1955. The other 25-year employees all began

their Canal careers as adults. George T. Darnall, Jr., from Brandon,

Miss., and the only one of the group to have

unbroken Canal service, came here as a Junior Civil Engineer with the Dredging

Division. He is now with the Specifications and Estimating Branch of the Engineering

Division. Wilmer L. Downing, who counts Bacton,

Pa., as his home, has worked for a number

of Panama Canal units. He is now a Time,

Leave, and Payroll Clerk. Incidentally, he has a birthday only every four years; he was

a February 29 baby

Richard W. Fuller, the remaining 25-year man, comes from Greenville, Mich. He is now a General Claims Examiner in the General Audit Division. He started with

the Canal as a clerk in 1926. Capt. 'William C. Hearon, w ho was born

in Brooklyn, is a World War I Marine Corps

veteran. He staited his Canal career with

the Dredging Division and has been a Canal

pilot since 1944. Carl W. Hoffmeyer, now a window clerk

at the Balboa post office, comes from Morgantown, W. \'a. He came to the Canal Zone in 1938 with several years of U. S. postal experience behind him. Warren D. Marquard, Cristobal Commissary Manager, was born in New ^'ork. He

Power Conversion'

Conversion experts look over plans For the Pacific area. Left to right: R. E. Powers, Vice President of Consolidated International Electric,- J. B. Smith,

Project Engineer; and L. B. Sartain,^\Chief, 60-Cycle Design Branch. A force of 50 men, most of them conversion craftsmen and mechanics, will be ready to start the Pacific Area power

conversion contract on March .3, according to R. E. Powers, vice president and

general manager of the Consolidated In- ternational Electric Company of NewYork, who was here briefly last month.

His company holds the Pacific Area contract and also the contract to convert to 60-cycle current all frequency-sensitive equipment at the Panama Canal Locks. At the present time Consolidated Electric has a force of seven men in the Canal

Zone. They are checking inventories of equipment to be converted and making

an engineering analysis of the work to be

done, Mr. Powers said. The additional 43 men are due here February 26 for the

actual conversion work. Meanwhile, ttie parts necessary for the conversion of domestic and industrial equipment are being collected in New York for shipment to the Isthmus. The first shipment of such parts was

due in New York January 15, and is to

arrive here before the end of this month

Consolidated Electric plans to keep a two-month's reserve supply of these

parts on hand at all times until the contract is completed. The schedule for the Pacific Area conversion was announced in the January Review. The conversion will start in Ancon March 3, and will end in Los Rios about next September. As soon as Consolidated Electric's forces finish the area

conversion, they will start on the Locks.

came here in 1933. Except for the war years, he has been with the commissaries ever since. 20 YEARS

The two-decade mark in government service was passed in January by six CompanyGo\-ernment employees:

Clarence L. Dimmick, a native of Danville, Pa., Xa\-y veteran of World War II, now a Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic for the Maintenance Division; Roy L. Heam, from Whynot, Mass., whose first Canal job was as a motion pic- ture operator and is now a Panama Canal

pilot; Douglas Jordan, from Butler, Pa., who

took an apprenticeship, and is now a Boiler- maker and Brick and Stone Mason for the

Industrial Division. Ernest P. Muzzio, a native Xew Yorker and World War I veteran, a Plumbing In- spector for the Contract and Inspection Division; his service is unbroken; Henry C. Simpson, from Paxton, Fla., now a .Senior Chief Towboat Engineer in the Ferry service; and

Ernest W. Zelnick, who comes from Chicago, III., and is Chief of the Water and

Laboratories Branch of the Maintenance

Division.

15 YEARS

Five of the 11 employees who completed

15 years last month ha\e unbroken Panama

Canal seivice. They are: Leslie O. Anderson, Supervisory Construction Inspector, Contract and Inspection Division; John H. Harris, Motorcyle

Officer and Policeman in the Balboa Police

District; Mrs. Myrtle P. Hughes, Time and

Leave Clerk in the Marine Bureau; Walter

Oliver, who retired last month but who has teen reemployed as Super\-isor of Spanish

for the Canal Zone schools; and Gloria

Shelton, Translator-File Clerk in the Administrative Branch. Other 15-year employees are: Kenneth T. Daly, Fire Lieutenant, sta- tioned at Cristobal ; Mrs. Melba M. Heintz, Accounting Clerk, Industrial Division! WilUam D. McArthur, a native Zonian, Liquid Fuels Ganger, Terminals Di\-ision; Mrs. Marguerite Runck, Clerk-t\ pist in the Communications Branch; Everett White,

the second native Zonian on the 15-year

list. Guard, Locks Securitv Force; and {"aul H. Zimmerman, born in Las Tablas, R.de P., Marine Machinist in the Industrial Di\ ision.' FEBRUARY SAILINGS

February 7, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15

FRO.VI CRISTOBAL

Cristobal ^ February 1 Ancon February 8

Cristobal February 19 Ancon Februarv 26 FRO.M NEW YORK

Cristobal February 11 Ancon _ February- 18

Cristobal February 28

Southbound ships which leave Xew York Friday

are in Haiti the following Tuesday. Those which sail from Xew York Tuesday spend Saturday in Haiti. Xorthbound, the ships stop in Haiti two days after clearing Cristobal: Monday for those which sail from

Cristobal Saturday, and Friday lor those which clear Cristobal Wednesday.
Leaving Soon

Lt. Col. David C. Burke, Assistant to the Health Director since March 1955, has been reassigned to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center and will leave the Isthmus next week for his new post. He will be succeeded here by Lt. Col. Harvey E. Meagher (pronounced Marr) who comes from the Army Medical Ser\--

ice School at Fort Sam Houston. MAIL BOX

(Editor's Note: The following letter throws considerable light on a period in the Canal's history, 25 years ago, from one who was in a position to know. The writer, Maj. Gen. J. L. Schley, is a former Governor and was also later Chief of Engineers. He is the senior member of the Panama

Canal Company's Board of Directors, and

this year completes 30 years as a director

of the Company and its predecessor organization.) Pan.\m.\ Canal Review,

Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Sirs:

I note in your column "Pages From

Canal's History" in recent issues, under

"25 Years .\go," an item about the arrival of the new Engineer of Maintenance and

the new (iovernor. The full stop,' of what happened at that

time, which will never happen again, may

be interesting to your readers. It resulted

in my being appointed Governor by two

Presidents and, in the process, the Canal

found itself without a governor for a few

weeks.

I was appointed Governor by President Hoover in .Xugust

of 1932. during a

recess of Congress.

In NovemV)er, Mr.

Rrosevelt and a Democratic Con

gress were elected. The new Congress was convened in the following Januaiy, but the new

President did not take office until March. The new

Democratic Congress declined to confirm any of Mr.

Hoover's appointments that came lioloie il for action. When the session of Congress

recessed in March of 19.33, all unconfirmed appointments terminated according to law. This left the Canal organization without a head.

I continued, nevertheless, to function as Governor and, fortunately, no cne ciues- tioned my actions. In Anril, I was again appointed Governor, this time by President

Roosevelt, and confirmation followed in due course. Yours truly, (Signed) Julian L. Schley

PAGES FROM THE

«-^ 9i GANAI^ HIST

JLJJl -^

THIS MONTH

50 Years Ago

As the month of February 1908 began.

Col. George \V. Goethals went on record

to express the feeling of the Isthmian Canal Commission regarding the Na%yrequested 10-foot increase in the width

of the Panama Canal's locks. In a memorandum to the Secretar>- of War he pointed out that this would not only in- crease the cost, but that it would up the time of filling and emptying the chambers and would thereby reduce the ship-handling capacity of the Canal, as well as

affecting the "sufficiency of the water

supply." However, he said, the Isthmian Canal Commission had felt that it should

be guided by the Navy's wishes for 1 10- foot wide locks and had adopted a reso- lution to that effect. By order of President Theodore Roosevelt, dated February 8, 1908, employment by the Isthmian Canal Commission of skilled laborers, clerks, and "all others heretofore kyiown

as 'gold' employees," was restricted to American citizens except when American labor or

service of the character required was not

available. Had Washington's Birthday not been

a holiday in the Canal Zone the Canal

excavation in Fenruary 1908, would have

exceeded the 3,000,000 cubic yard mark. As it was, February excavation set a new

record: 2,945,880 cubic yards of rock and

dirt removed from the Canal prism. In answer to a proposition from a small

syndicate of local merchants, the Isthmian Canal Commission decided that it was "inadvisable and impracticable to entrust the furnishing of cotnmissary supplies for the use of its employees to any private individuals, or any combination of private indi- viduals." A report on health conditions for the calendar year 1907 showed that during

the 12-month period, 16,753 cases of malaria had been admitted to the Canal

Zone's hospitals. Percentagewise, this was half of the malaria incidence of the previous year. Conditions continued to improve in the new year; February 1908, made the most "favorable showing" of any since the American occupation." In Washington, President Roosevelt signed an Executive Order providing for

trial by jury in all critninal prosecutions where the maximum penalty was death or

life imprisonment. Another Washington ac- Imn affecting Zonians was introduction of

l-ills into both House and Senate to compensate Canal employees injured in the line of duty.25 Years Ago

('anal employees had their ups and downs 25 years ago this month. They

hafl just gotten a boost from news that they were not to lose more than a month's

leave-pay a year during F. Y. 1 933 and

19.34 when word came that a Congressional examining committee recommended

discontinuance of the Panama Railroad Steamship Line and the Army Transport

Service and the closing down of all commissaries, post exchanges, canteens, and Navy sales stores They also saw the handwriting on the wall when the Senate

ordered a compulsory live percent cut in government expenditures. Panama Canal traffic was holding its own. The month's 368 tran.^its were slightly

less than the month before but ship tonnage

icas up over a third of the figure for the preceding February. Canal pilots complained that they were being worked more

than the 15 days a month their agreement

called for. Isthmians were delighted at news from Washington that President Hoover ex- pected to visit Panama as soon as his successor was inaugurated the plans did not materialize— and horrified at word

that President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt had been the target of an assassin's bullet in Miami. The shots missed the

President-elect but struck Mayor Anton

Cermak, of Chicago, standing near by. 10 Years Ago

The construction of a sea-level canal

at Panama as soon as po.ssible was rec- ommended to the House Foreign Relations Committee by Rep. (now Sen.) Mike Mansfield of ^iontana on his return

to Washington from an Isthmian visit. The Congressman declared that a lock canal was "particularly vulnerable."

Congress, however, was still reacting to the recent rejection by the Panamanian

National Assembly of an agreement per- mitting the United States to occupy defense

sites outside the Canal Zone. The House

Appropriation Committee's $4 million

slash in the Panama Canal's 1949 budget

icas passed by the House and sent to the Senate for final action. The major cut was

in funds for hou.'iing. Housing, 10 years ago, was a live issue

here. The Civic Councils, the Balboa Woman's Club, and the AFGK submitted

a report on the results of a housing sur- vey of 1,577 Canal Zone families. The

report said that "housing facilities are

deficient, the majority of family-quarters

are obsoli-te, poorly constructed, termite

ridden, unsightly frame structures which

constitute a fire hazard." An overwhelming majority (87.3 percent) of Zonians,

the report added, are in fa\'or of masonry

housing. In Washington, President Harry Tru- man told Congress that he had instructed

the Secretary of the Army to investigate the status of civil rights in the Canal Zone. The shape of things to come was fore- cast when Gov. .lo.seph Mehaffey left for Wa.shington to attend hearings on the bill providing for reincorporation of the Pan- ama Railroad Company. This was to be

the first step in the formation of the pres- ent Panama Canal Company.

A'cif pay schedules for the Canal's

"silver" employees were announced effective with the pay period beginning February 29. One Year Ago

Maj. Gen. .1. L. Schley, ret., former Governor of the Canal Zone, and Ralph

A. Tudor, San Francisco engineer, were named as members of the ad hoc committee headed by the Governor to study problems of the Canal's capacity. Both

are Directors of the Panama Canal Company. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
AND SHIPPING

MORE

RECORDS

FALL

Panama Canal records, which have

been falling with almost monotonous

regularit>f, were broken again during the

first half of the current fiscal year when

more ocean-going transits were made

than in any half-year period in the Canal's history, and more tolls were col- lected than for any previous .six months. Cargo shipments, however, failed to set a new record, because of the unusually

large amount of ballast traffic which is currently running at about double its normal rate. During the first six months of the

present fiscal year, the period from July

1 through December 31, a total of 4,895 ocean-going vessels passed through the Canal. This was 238 more than the

previous record, set during the last six months of fiscal year 1957. Tolls for the first six months of fiscal year 1958 totaled $22,068,104, over $3,- 000,000 more than the $18,715,261 during a similar period during fiscal year

1957 and over .$2,000,000 more than the

previous record set during the last six months of the past fiscal year. Although cargo tonnage for the first half of the current fiscal year totalled 25,067,293 tons, an increase of about

1,900,000 tons over the first half of the past fiscal year, the 19.58 figures were below the all-time record of 26,467,000 tons set during the last half of fiscal year

1957. The decline in cargo tonnage is believed

to reflect a general levelling off of shipping. Over a year ago the demand for ships was so hea\T that many vessels were taken out of mothballs and re- turned to service. Trade has now levelled

of! to the extent that many of these ships are now carrying cargo in one direction

only. A ship, for instance, will carry a load of coal to Japan but will return empty.

Several of the main trade routes through the Panama Canal have set new

highs during the past six months. Trade between the east coast of the United

iStates and the west coast of South America is at a record level, largely because of iron ore shipments from Peru and Chile. Trade between Europe and the west

coast of the United States and Canada

was at a post war high during the first six months of this fiscal year, following a sharp decrease at the end of fiscal year

1957, and trade between the east coast

of the United States and Asia, which

reached a peak at the time the Suez Canal was closed, is levelling off' but is still higher than during the pre-Suez period. Low tanker rates were reflected in heavy oil shipments through the Pan- ama Canal from Venezuela (Niv page IS)

FIRST TRANSIT Another new name was added to the list of the Canol's customers last month when the 1 8,739-ton MV Bergensfjord made her maiden transit with 375 passengers cbocrd. She will return here March 21. MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS

Vessels of 300 tons net or over

(Fiscal years)

Month

Transits Tolls

(In thousands of dollars)

Jiih1958788

812

771 813

779

774

1957659

653 646

699 654

751 701 673 808

767 783

775

1938457

505 444

461 435 439 444

436

506

487 465

445

1958

$3,668

3,599

3,504

3,680

3,522

3,521

1957

$3,054

2,888

2,861 3,083

2,876 3,420

3,161 3,033

3,603

3,4.?0 3,551 3,484

19.^8

$2,030

2,195

1 ,936 October 1,981 1,893 December 1,845

1 ,838 1,787 2,016

.April 1,961 May _ 1,887

1,801

Totals for first 6 months

4,737 4,072 2,741 $21,494 $18,182 $11,880

8,579 5,524 $38,444 $23,170 CANAL TRANSITS— COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT

Second Quarter, Fiscal Years

1958 1957 1938

.Atlantic to

Pacific

Pacific to

.Atlantic Total Total Total

Commercial vessels: Ocean-goin?

*Small

1,19190

1,281

1,175

72

1,247

2,366 162

2,528

2,104 225

2,329

1,.?35 236

Total commercial 1,571

**U. S. Go\ernment vessels, oceangoing 42

64

34

62

76

126

51 117

106 96 202 1g8 Total commercial and U. S. Govenment 1.387 1.343 2.730 2.497

'Vessels under 300 net tons or 500 displacement tons.

**Ves;ieI~ on which tolls are credited. Prior to July 1, 1951, Government-operated

;.hi|)> tr.iM-IlL-d frcf.

February 7, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 17
Carnivars Here

Carnival season, one of the gayest times of the year for both tourists and Isthmians, got under way in the Canal Zone last week when the blue- and-white carnival flags were raised

in Balboa and in the Tivoli Patio. On hand to help Governor Potter haul the flag to the top of its pole was Miss Rita Burrell who will bf crowned "Queen Rita I" for the Panama Carnival nest week. Also attending the festivities were Miss Irma Gonzalez, Union Club Queen

this year. Miss Rosalia Barraza, 19,S7 Carnival Queen, and Miss .\nalida

Alfaro, who was the International

Coffee Queen last year.

First of the flags to sail to the top

of its pole was that in front of the Balboa elementary school, .\fter this

flag raising, during which those on

the platform tried a few steps of thr "tamborito," the party moved on

to the Tivoli for a second flag-raising and more dancing, this time in less restricted space.

More Records Fall (Conlinved frnm page 17} to Califor- nia during the first half of this fiscal year. .\t the present time, oil men are finding it cheaper to ship oil by tanker than to use oil pipelines from British Columbia to Los .\ngeles. Another indication of low tanker rates

\va.s the shipment of oil from Lebanon to the United States west coast via the Panama Canal. Shipments of coal and coke to Japan

reached a new high during the past six month period. The ri.se is more than

seasonal but is not explained. Scrap ship- ments to Japan, however, are down al- most .50 percent from the comparable

period in the past fiscal year. Increased shipments of bananas

through the Panama Canal during the past six months, 2S.3,0(J0 tons for the

first six months of fiscal year 1958 compared with 197,000 tons for the like period

in the past fiscal year, indicate the ba- nana industry's recovery from the severe "hlowdowns" which crippled banana pro- duction last year. U. S. foreign aid is believed to be re- sponsible for a sharp rise in com ship- ments through the Panama Canal. During the past six months, for instance, 90,000 tons of corn have been shipped from the U. S. east coast to Japan. Last

year, Japan got 19,000 tons of corn from

Argentina. Wheat shipments are lower than during the past year when a crop failure in France .sent tons of wheat flowing from

the North Americ/n west coast to Europe, but are about normal for this time

of year.

I, umber shipments, which have been

declining steadily since the U. .S. building boom came to a halt about the middle of I95.S, are taking a slight turn upward. They are expected to increase considerably when new home building

starts about 1960. Sugar shipments are at their lowest

level for about eight years and shipments

of iron and steel manufactured products

are still lower than normal. The decline

in .shipments of manufactured products

is attributed to reaction to heavy buying

after last year's steel and shipping strikes.

Dancing in the new Tivoli Patio' Followed the raising of the Carnival Flag.

Principal commodities shipped through the Canal

(All figures in long tons) ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC

Commodity

Second Quarter, Fiscal Years

1958 1957 1938

I'etroleiim and products (excludes asphalt) 1,650,221 1.144,271 287, 5.? 7 Coal and ooke _ 1,091,064 981,576 .?7,I08 Iron and steel manufactures 462„f52 625,501 479,66! Soybeans. .. .?()4.547 2.i6,,S87 992

Phcisphates ..- 265,242 ,^22,068 71,76.? Metal, scrap -. 169.627 404,16,? 66,942 Chimicals, unclassified 114.697 64.997 27,914 Corn -. .. 106.740

105,2.^3

100,62,^

.W,988

75,860 84,908

1,600

101,599 9.V459 114,648 94,572

86,175

8,?, 272

7.?, 098

90,189

81,511

70,601

18,155

40.77,< 81.751 Wheat 71,522

1.125.124 46,058

1,592,059

9, 1 50 Ml others - 966,88.?

Total 5,902,996 5,966,285 2,286,400 PACIFIC TO ATLANTIC

Commodilv

Second Quarter, Fiscal Years

1958 1957 1938

Ores, various 2.109,926 1,.562, 168 524,191 Lumber 807.490 70r).5,?2 671.973 Wheat 594.678 791,600 217.658 Canned food prodin l- M().\M) ,?.?9.1.?<) ,?03.166 Nitrate of soda 284,412 286,947 306,8'>0

28.?, 772 255,729

197,992 260,624,911 Metals, various. . .

179,.591 Sugar - 225,774 .?46,S45 .?02,617 Food products in refrigeration (except fresh

fruit ... l.?7,114 19.?, 671 64,079

Barley 125,179 122,042 57,310 Fresh and dried frnit> 95.818 89.184 220.750

Coffee. 76.<)4.? 67,868 33.884

Cotto'i, raw 7 1 ,655 7 1 .997 32.369 Petroleum and products (ex(ln<li'> .i--i)h.ill) 68,616 218.2.?4 665.884 Copra 6,?, 142 88.901 33.454

Allc.lhrrs 9.?.?,6L? 919.277 766.114

Int.ll 6.4.54.021 6.262,718 4.384.841

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW February 7, 1958
SENIOR CITIZENS

Two oldtiraers who have been working

for the Canal since construction days met

for the first time when they had their pic- ture taken for The Review last month. They are Arthur Morgan, Dipper Dredge Operator in the Dredging Division, and Adrien M. Bouche. Control House Operator at Pedro Miguel Locks. Although both started working regularly for the Canal in 1912 -Mr. Bouche

had some prior service as a youngster

their paths never crossed until they were

brought together as the two senior employees in point of service. Mr. Morgan became the Canal's .senior American employee in July 195ti, on the retirement of Ceorge N. Engelke of the Commissary Division. When Mr. Morgan

retired last month, after more than 45

years of continuous service, he was suc- ceeded as senior ser\'ice man by Mr. Bouche who will have 42 years of Canal

service in May.

All of Mr. Morgan's service was with

the Dredging Division. Mr. Bouche has been with the Locks Division for over 20 vears. Two Canal veterans, Ailhur Morgan, left, and Adrian Bouche. TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES

The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

United States Intercoastal East Coast of U. S. and South .\nierica.. East Coast of U. S. and Central .America East Coast of U. S. and Far East

I'. S./Canada East Coast and .Australasia Europe and West Coast of U. S./Canada. Europe and South America Europe and Australasia

.All other routes Total traffic

Second Quarter, Fiscal Years

1958

134 632

147 389

47 216

234

88 479

2,366

1957

138

52180

369

47 217

213

119 400

2,104

1938

311 124

3 13942

252

14238 284

1,335 Canal Commercial Traffic by Nationality of Vessels

Second Quarter, Fiscal Years

Xationality 1958 1957 1938 Number of

transits Tons

of cargo Number of transits Tons

of cargo Number of transits Tons

of cargo

.Argentine 1 317

23

13 60

2 92

9

7 23 218

29

77

9,055

1,938,385 147,270

99,597 94,146

18,000 297,397

10,872 27,451 125,839 688,296

271,409

73,427

322

22

1746

1279

15

819 17328

115

2,149,158 127,390

123,989

56,123 69,969 324,929

19,931 44,233

297

1 1,447,720 6,127 Chinese. . Colombian

Costa Rican-_

56 220,973 Ecuadorean .

123,327

565,461 269,496 94,858

28

83

19

13

163,965 384,808

82,437 869

13 ^35 Honduran

Irish 1 36

129

172

1 39

10 236

101106

9,300 213,459 889,064

1,493,491

49

187

241

277,475

1,155.384 2,132,839

1372 46,192 Japanese 418,523

Liberian Mexican . Netherlands Nicaraguan

54

22 222

139

196

105,994

32,641

1,030,366 783,044

73,217 25,590

162,354

17,115

1,446,972 539,006

47,092

29,854

74 205,439 Norwegian Panamanian

Peruvian

Philippine

15139

1

795,486

94,155

1,148 Soviet 2 4 990

Spanish. _ . 7 43

1 503

2

25,372

182,988

10,338 2,653,209

7.416

12 42

1 452

46,015

196.626

10,168 3,159,623

27 180,032 Switzerland United States Venezuelan 464 2,583,090 Yugoslavian . 4 21,052 Total 2.366 12,357,017 2,104 12.229,003 1,335 6,670,241

February 7, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Anniversary Celebration

The seventy-fifth anniversary of the United States Civil Service Act was com- memorated in the Canal Zone last month

by a dinner at the Tivoli Cuest House

and by displays of Civil Service literature on bulletin boards throughout the Zone. The dinner, on January 10, was at- tended by more than 200 persons. It was sponsored by Lodge 14 of the American Federation of Government Employees whose president, Rufus Lovelady, made the main address of the evening.

Offieials attending the function included

("apt. W. S. Rodimon, Marine Director, representing the Governor; E. A. Doolan,

Personnel Director; and Paul M. Runnestrand, Executive Secretary.

Civil Service in the Canal Zone is al- most as old as the Canal Zone itself. On

November 1.5, 1904, all workers in the Canal Zone except laborers were made

subject to United States Civil Service

rules and regulations by a Presidential Executive Order. The first local Board

of Civil Service Examiners was established here .50 years ago last month.

High Level Bridge

{Continued frnrn page 2) of Sverdrup & Parcel came to the Canal Zone from the home office of the firm in St. Louis, Mo.

They were E. J. Shields, Project Engineer

for the bridge design, and Horace L. Magee, Highway Design Engineer. Also

discussed were the all-important design

criteria for the bridge, including design

loads for traflic, wind, earthquake and

so forth. The high-level bridge will cross the Canal on a line diagonally across the

existing Thatcher Ferry route. It will connect with Thatcher Highway on the west side by a suitable approach. The east-side approach will be along

a gently curving line crossing the aban- doned townsite of La Boca north of the elementary school building. From that

point it will follow just outside the northern boundary of the 15th Naval

District reservation. The approach will cross Amador Road

at a point near the Boy Scout hut and

will be built out over the mud flats to Avenida de Puertos, which now ends

within a few hundred feet of the boundary

line. This section of the approach struc- ture will probably be double-pronged for the convenience and safety of traffic. The connection from the bridge to the Canal Zone will be by an overpass or underpass whose specific location is still being studied. The Preliminary Design Memorandum, now being assembled by the Architect-Engineer, will be completed in April

after which work will be started on final plans and sp3cifications.

Directors Meet Here For Sixth Time

(Cmtinued from page,3) left the IsthmUS by ship or plane soon after the outdoor luncheon at the historic Spanish fort. In addition to Governor Potter, officers and the Board members attending the January meeting were Assistant Secretary

of the Army George H. Roderick, Board

Chairman; Robert P. Burroughs. Ralph

H. Cake, Maj. Gen. Glen E. Edgerton, Howard C. Petersen, Charles S. Reed, Ogden R. Reid, Maj. Gen. Julian L

Schley, and Ralph A. Tudor, Directors;

Col. Hugh M. Arnold, Vice President;

Philip L. Steers, Jr., Comptroller; and W. M. Whitman, Secretary.
t^ SHIPS *HD SHIPPING ^fe^

TR.\NSITS BY OCEAN-GOING

VESSELS IN DECEMBER

1956 1957 Commercial 751 774 Government 10 28

Total 761 802 TOLLS*

Commercial $3,424,592 $3,522,830 Govermnent 46,718 74,274 Total $3,471,310 $3,597,104

•Includes tolU on all vessels, ocean-going and small. CARGO (Long tons) Commercial 4,610,162 4,058,225 Government 31,384 71,806 Total 4,641.546 4,130.031

Distinguished Guests

Governor and Mrs. William E Potter

will be among the passengers aboard the Swedish American cruise liner Gripsholm

Februarv' 23 when the new ship makes

her first trip through the Panama Canal. Flagship of the Swedish American Line and pride of the fleet, the big 23,500-ton

liner is due in Cristobal from New York

on Washington's Birthday and will start her trip through the Canal at 6 a. m.

the following day. After docking in Bal- boa for several hours, the Gripsholm will

sail early Februarj' 24 for the west coast

of South America on a cruise which will take her around the tip of the southern

continent. The Gripsholm made her first \isit to the Canal Zone in December while she was on a Christmas cruise in the Caribbean. Completed last year, she was on

the North Atlantic run last summer and

is now in her first winter-cruise season. Family Party A trip around the world on their 40-foot yawl Chimere is a family affair for Mr. and Mrs. Jean Blocho and their son, Jean, 1 1 . They arrived in Cristobal late last month from Sete. France, via Guadeloupe and other West Indian islands, and spent several weeks on the Atlantic

side while their 14-ton craft underwent

extensive overhaul. The Bloches planned to transit the Canal on the yawl early this month and

sail shortly afterward for Tahiti via the Galapagos Islands. Mrs. Bloche is a

talented artist. Maiden Voyoge

The new Royal Mail Line cargo-pass- enger ship Lnrh Loyal arrived in Cristobal

this week on her maiden voyage from

British and European ports to the west

coast of the United States and Canada. A new addition to the joint Royal Mail and Holland-America Lines cargo-passen- ger service to the North Pacific, the Loch

Loyal is fitt<»d with the most up-to-date cargo-handling etiuipment and has space

for 575,750 cubic feet of cargo, including

148,(XJ0 cubic feet of refrigerated space.

It also has lu.xurious accommodations for 12 passengers and a permanent open-air

tiled swimming pool situated on the for- ward end of the bridge-deck. The ship was launched in July at the Ilarland & Wolff Shipyards in Belfast and, prior to starting its maiden voyage

in January, loaded in South Wales. Antwerp, Rotterdam, and London. She

called at Bermuda and Jamaica before

arriving at Cristobal.

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 08544 4668 MEN

—and—

MACHINERY

The vast dimensions o( the locks are never so evident as when fhey are emplied

for overhaul. Work in MiraHores east chamber will be finished this month. New Customer

The Japanese Daido Line, which now.

has nearly a dozen freighters using the Panama Canal on its Japan to New York

and Japan-to-East Coast South America

services, will soon add another to the super clipper fleet. The new ship is the Kobu Marit, which will begin service in February. It will join the Knchu Mani,

Kosok Maru, and A'o.sy; Maru in the company's Japan-California, and Japan- New York service. The Kosoh Maru

passed through the Canal recently on her maiden voyage on the satue run. The

Continental Shipping Company is agent

for the vessels on the Isthmus. Winter Layup

The Panama Canal's perigrinating Paraixo, the dipper dredge which is out on loan to the Army Corps of Engineers, has come to rest for the winter in Cle\-e- land, Ohio. During the time she is laid up she will be overhauled preparatory to work on

the St. Lawrence Seaway next July. The

Paraixo, according to a news story from

Cleveland, will be the biggest dredge of

its kind ever operated by the Army Corps

of Engineers at Buffalo. Too large to get through the existing St. Lawrence Canals, she entered the Great Lakes via the

Mississippi River. When the new seaway is opened to

partial 14-foot navigation next summer,

the Paraixo will work near Cornwall.

Ontario. Grace Line President

Louis A. Laph:mi. President of the Grace Line, is schinluJed to arrive on the Isthmus P'ebruary 10 from South America aboard the Grace liner Santa Barbara. Accompanied by Al \\'enzel, Vice Presi- dent in charge of the West Coast South America service, and Mike Diaz. General

Freight Sales Manager for Grace Line, Mr Lapham will spend three days here

discussing with local Grace Line agents

the new services planned for the New

York to West Coast South America run. At the same time it was announced

locally that the new cargo .ships planned

for use on the company's west coast of South America service will be lift-on container vessels. On the new ships, all cargo area, except for refrigerated space,

will be used by either 17 'j or 35-foot

containers. The new 2()-knot ships will be from 500 to 600 feet long, and plans

will be submitted next year for six to be

built for the South .'\nierican route. Royal Family

A new white Empress, so new that she

hasn't been named yet, has been ordered by the Canadian Pacific Line for the Liverpool to Montreal .service. Fully air- conditioned throughout, the new 27..500- ton vessel will be designed to carry 200

first cla.ss and S5() tourist pa.ssengers on

her regular run and approximately 500

tourists when she goes on winter cruises. The ship is expected to .sail on her maiden voyage in the spring of 1961. The new Empress will be an addition

to the fleet which includes the new and

luxurious Empre^'is of Enijland which ar- rived at Cristobal January 23 on her maiden cruise to the Canal. Tho Empre,^s of England will make three more calls here

this season February II, March 4 and March 22. Local agents for the line are

\\. Andrews & Company.

80 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW Februory 7, 1958